暑假作业01 定语从句之关系代词（巩固培优）高一英语译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦定语从句关系代词，以"概念-规则-应用"为逻辑链，通过表格归纳+典例解析+分层训练构建系统性方法体系，提升语言运用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念术语|4个核心术语|定义先行词、关系词等基础概念|从定语从句本质出发，明确修饰对象与引导词功能| |关系代词用法|6类代词+12个例句|表格对比关系代词（who/whom/which等）的先行词及成分功能|按"指代对象-句法成分"二维分类，建立选择规则| |特殊规则|4种只用that情况|归纳不定代词/最高级等限定条件下的关系词选择|从一般用法到特殊例外，形成完整规则网络| |练习题|30道语法填空+10道完成句子+3篇语法填空短文|语境中运用关系代词，通过合并句子强化句法构建|从单句填空到语篇应用，实现知识迁移与语言能力提升|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01定语从句之关系代词  一、定语从句以及相关术语 ★定义：定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。 ★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。 ★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。 ①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。 ②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。 ★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。  二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法 关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 (1)who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。(作主语) The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。(作宾语) (2)whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。 The man (whom) you met just now is my father.你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。(作宾语) The teacher (whom) you are waiting for is coming.你等的那位老师来了。(作宾语) (3)whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(作定语) Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。(作定语) (4)which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。(作主语) The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train. (作宾语) 那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。 (5)that既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。 There is a film (that) I’d like to see.有一部电影我想去看。(作宾语) She is the only one among us that knows French.她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。(作主语) 只用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,much,any,little等不定代词,或被no,little,all等修饰时。 He did everything that he could for me.他为我做了他所能做的所有的事。 No news that he tells us is good.他告诉我们的消息没有一个是好的。 (2)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very,the only修饰时。 This is the best film that I have seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。 The only thing that matters is the baby’s health.唯一重要的是这个婴儿的健康。 This is the very book that I’ve been looking for.这正是我一直在找的那本书。 (3)当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时。 They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country. 他们谈到了在那个国家见到的人和事。 (4)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆? 温馨提示: ①关系代词在从句中作主语时,根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students that has passed the exam.(the only one为先行词) 他是唯一通过考试的学生。 He is one of the students who have passed the exam .(the students为先行词) 他是通过考试的学生之一。 ②关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)常可省略。 The boy (that/who/whom)we saw last night was Li Ming.我们昨天晚上见到的那个男孩是李明。 一、单句语法填空 1．Can you tell me the name of the stadium you visited last week? 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：你能告诉我上周你去的那个体育场的名字吗？空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the stadium，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2．Their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their lives. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他们喜欢的小学老师和课程影响了他们的生活。先行词是teachers and their lessons，既有人也有事物，在定语从句中作fond of的宾语，只能用关系代词that。 3．This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book has just been published. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：今晚我将和理查德博士交谈，他的新书刚刚出版。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Dr Richard，空格后接名词new book，需用关系代词whose作定语，表所属“理查德博士的”。 4．I am grateful to my headteacher always assists me with my learning. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我很感谢我的班主任，他总是在学习上帮助我。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词headteacher指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that作引导词。 5．The province is also the first area in western China has extended expressways to every county. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：该省也是中国西部地区首个实现了高速公路通达所有县份的地区。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词area，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，且有序数词the first修饰，只可用关系代词that作引导词。 6．However, those don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also dangerous. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：然而，那些不甄别外来观点的人，最终会相信既虚假又危险的事物。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词those此处指代人，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词who引导。 7．Those good deeds always set good examples for others are worth our respect. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：那些其善举总能为他人树立良好榜样的人值得我们尊敬。。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Those“那些人”。从句中“good deeds”与先行词构成所属关系，表示“那些人的善行”，因此需要用关系代词“whose”表示“……的”，在从句中作定语。 8．The main reason causes stress is the tight schedule. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：造成压力的主要原因是紧凑的日程安排。“________ causes stress”为限制性定语从句，先行词the main reason，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 9．The boy with my mother is talking is my cousin. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：正在和我妈妈说话的那个男孩是我的表弟。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词boy指人，作介词with的宾语，只能用关系代词whom。 10．The reason he told me for his being late for class did not sound believable. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他跟我说的上课迟到的理由听起来不可信。The reason did not sound believable是主句，he told me for his being late for class是定语从句，修饰先行词The reason，指物，此空在从句中作told的直宾，应用关系代词that或which。故填 that/which。 11．The student homework was full of careful mistakes was praised by the teacher in class yesterday. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天在课堂上，那位作业中满是因细心而犯错误的学生受到了老师的表扬。根据句子结构可知，此处需要一个关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“The student”，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰“homework”，表示“……的”。故填whose。 12．The work has just been finished is very important. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚刚完成的这项工作非常重要。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词The work是物，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 13．Happiness and success often come to those people are good at recognizing their own strengths. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福与成功往往降临到那些善于发现自身长处的人身上。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为those people(指人)在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 14．When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing you need to consider is what you expect to improve. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当你制定日常锻炼计划时，你需要考虑的第一件事是你期望提升的方面。此处引导定语从句，先行词是thing，被序数词the first修饰，且关系代词在定语从句中作consider的宾语，此时定语从句的关系代词只能用that。故填that。 15．It was a book he lost last week. 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：他上星期丢的是一本书。a book非特指，且去掉前面的It was及空处，句意完整不变，因此用强调句型“it be+被强调部分+that…”，强调指物的宾语a book。故填that。 16．Yoga (瑜珈) classes are suitable for people want to improve their flexibility. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：瑜伽课适合想要提升自身柔韧性的人。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是people（指人），在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词who/that 引导。故填who/that。 17．We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools we had visited. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们对拜访过的老师和参观过的学校印象深刻。此空引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“the teachers and schools”，先行词既有人又有物，只能使用关系代词that引导 ，关系词在从句中作宾语。故填that。 18．The girl is standing at the school gate is waiting for her mother. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：站在学校门口的那个女孩正在等她的母亲。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词girl是人，因此用关系代词who/that引导定语从句，故填who/that。 19．The first thing comes to mind is his smile. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：首先浮现在脑海中的便是他的笑容。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是thing，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有序数词The first修饰，只能使用关系代词that引导。故填that。 20．They have got a robot can take care of the old and babies. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们有一台可以照顾老人和婴儿的机器人。先行词为a robot，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，关系代词that或which均可引导该从句。故填that/which。 21．The girl won the first prize in the English speech contest is my deskmate. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩是我的同桌。主句谓语动词是is，所以该空需要一个关系词引导定语从句并指代先行词作主语，先行词 the girl 指人，用 who或that 引导。故填who/that。 22．Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures were both enduring and beautiful. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代工匠们建造出了既坚固耐用又美观的建筑。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是structures，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。 23．There are many places on the earth are still unknown to humans. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：地球上有许多地方，这些地方对人类来说仍然是未知的。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词many places，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 24．There once was a beautiful princess favorite amusement was a golden ball. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从前有一位美丽的公主，她的最爱玩的东西是一个金球。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a beautiful princess，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 25．We talked about the people and places we remembered fondly from our childhood. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们聊起了童年时那些让我们满怀深情记着的人和地方。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the people and places，既有人也有物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。 26．From this story we can see that friends are those support you through thick and thin. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从这个故事中我们可以看出，朋友就是那些与你同甘共苦、支持你的人。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是“those”，指代“人”，引导词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词“who”来引导。故填who。 27．I will never forget the days we spent together in the countryside.​ 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下度过的那些日子。限制性定语从句修饰先行词days，在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that或者which引导从句。故填that/which。 28．The professor talked about the famous writers and novels have far-reaching effects on modern American literature. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教授谈到了对现代美国文学有深远影响的著名作家和小说。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the famous writers and novels，既有人又有物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 29．The Giant Panda National Park is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为所有生活在大熊猫活动范围内的物种提供更有力的保护。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species，先行词指物并且前面有all修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 30．The trees are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：办公楼后面的那些树已经落叶了。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The trees，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 二、完成句子 31．The house belongs to me. The roof of the house is painted red.(合并句子) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The house whose roof is painted red belongs to me. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这所房子是我的。这所房子的屋顶被漆成了红色。原句包含两个简单句，主句为“The house belongs to me”，从句为“The roof of the house is painted red”。合并时需将第二个句子转化为修饰house的定语从句。使用关系代词whose指代先行词house与roof的所属关系，也即先行词在定语从句中作定语，并将从句置于主句后，形成复合句。故合并为The house whose roof is painted red belongs to me。 32．This is the medal. The young runner has dreamed of the medal for years. （用定语从句合并句子） →_______________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the medal (that/which) the young runner has dreamed of for years. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是那枚奖牌。这位年轻的赛跑者多年来一直梦想着这枚奖牌。两个句子含有共同部分“the medal”，结合题目要求“用定语从句合并句子”，可以用the medal作先行词，指物，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作宾语，所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。故答案为This is the medal (that/which) the young runner has dreamed of for years. 33．I have ever seen the film and it is the most interesting film. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我看过这部电影，它是最有趣的电影。句子可理解为“这是我看过的最有趣的电影”，原句中的it指代的是“the film”，改为定语从句时，用film做先行词，前面用the most interesting修饰，先行词film是“电影”，且被最高级the most interesting修饰，因此关系代词只用that，不用which，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，that可省略，时态不变，因此句子改为“It is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen”，故答案为It is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen. 34．Ice sculptures (冰雕) attract many visitors. Ice sculptures (冰雕) are made by a young artist. (改写定语从句) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Ice sculptures which attract many visitors are made by a young artist. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：冰雕吸引了许多游客。冰雕是由一位年轻艺术家创作的。可将第二句作主句，第一句改写为定语从句，先行词是Ice sculptures，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，用which代替第一句的主语Ice sculptures。故答案为：Ice sculptures which attract many visitors are made by a young artist. 35．The person is Mr. Ball. You should ask him about the matter. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The person (who/whom/that) you should ask about the matter is Mr. Ball. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个人就是鲍尔先生。你应该问他这件事。根据要求可知，这两句可以合成限制性定语从句，先行词The person ，为人，在从句中作ask的宾语，所以可用关系代词who或者whom或者that。故改为The person (who/whom/that) you should ask about the matter is Mr. Ball. 36．The boys are my friends. The boys are playing football. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The boys who/that are playing football are my friends. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正在踢足球的那些男孩是我的朋友。原句是两个简单句，可将第二句改写为定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词who或that引导，故答案为The boys who/that are playing football are my friends. 37．The fish isn’t fresh. We bought the fish yesterday. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The fish we bought yesterday isn’t fresh./The fish that we bought yesterday isn’t fresh./The fish which we bought yesterday isn’t fresh. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这条鱼不新鲜。我们昨天买了鱼。按照要求改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句，将第一句作为主句，第二句改成限制性定语从句，先行词是The fish，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作bought的宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The fish (that/which) we bought yesterday isn’t fresh.。 38．The writer was invited to the Reading Festival. His short story won the contest.(用定语从句合并) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The writer whose short story won the contest was invited to the Reading Festival. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位短篇小说获奖的作家被邀请参加读书节。定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，“His short story won the contest”可以作为定语从句，修饰the writer。定语从句的关系词用whose，whose代替his，做定语修饰short story。定语从句往往紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面。因此合并后的定语从句为：The writer whose short story won the contest was invited to the Reading Festival。 39．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. (用定语从句合并) →____________________________________ is our geography teacher. 【答案】The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在公园里看到的女人是我们的地理老师。分析原句可知，第二句中的her指代第一句中的The woman，所以The woman应为定语从句的先行词，同时作为主句的主语，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词that/who/whom，关系代词作宾语可以省略，所以定语从句为The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park，主句为The woman is our geography teacher，故答案为The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park。 40．Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her. →Last week _________________________________I gave to her. 【答案】Mary wore the dress /Mary wore the dress that/Mary wore the dress which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周玛丽穿了那条裙子。我给了她（那条裙子）。“我给她”修饰的是“那条裙子”，所以本句可以转换为定语从句，主句是Mary wore the dress，先行词为the dress，为物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作gave的宾语，用that/which引导，也可以省略。故答案为Mary wore the dress (that/which)。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Amy and her best friend Jenny have been close since primary school. But last Saturday, their friendship was 1 the rocks. As Amy said, they had planned to meet at the cinema that afternoon, since there was a new film released that day. Amy was 2 (especial) eager to see it. But in the morning, Jenny posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. On Monday morning, however, a classmate told Amy she 3 (see) Jenny chatting with another girl in a cafe two days before. Amy was so 4 (disappoint) at Jenny that she ignored Jenny during school all day. She was at a 5 (lose) what to do next. In Cindy’s opinion, the friendship was worth 6 (save). She told Amy not to be so quick 7 (judge) her friend. She suggested that Amy find 8 opportunity to have a full and frank talk with Jenny. David shared his story with a friend 9 behavior was almost the same as Jenny’s. But when he found out that he 10 (trick) by his friend. He was really hurt and let go of their friendship. 【答案】 1．on 2．especially 3．had seen 4．disappointed 5．loss 6．saving 7．to judge 8．an 9．whose 10．was tricked 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艾米和珍妮的友谊出现裂痕，因为艾米发现珍妮撒谎。辛迪认为友谊值得挽救，建议艾米和珍妮坦诚交谈。大卫则分享了自己被朋友欺骗后放弃友谊的故事。 1．考查介词。句意：但上周六，她们的友谊岌岌可危。on the rocks是固定短语，意为“岌岌可危”。故填on。 2．考查副词。句意：艾米特别渴望看到它。此处修饰形容词eager，应用副词especially作状语，意为“特别，尤其”。故填especially。 3．考查动词时态。句意：然而，周一早上，一位同学告诉艾米，她两天前看到珍妮在一家咖啡厅和另一个女孩聊天。see(看到)是宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语she之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“two days before”可知，“看到珍妮”是“告诉艾米”之前发生的事情，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had seen。 4．考查形容词。句意：艾米对珍妮非常失望，以至于她一整天在学校都不理珍妮。提示词作表语，表明主语Amy的心理状态，应用形容词disappointed，意为“感到失望的”。故填disappointed。 5．考查名词。句意：她不知道下一步该怎么办。at a loss是固定短语，意为“不知所措”。故填loss。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：辛迪认为，这段友谊值得挽救。be worth doing是固定短语，意为“值得做某事”，空处应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填saving。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：她告诉艾米不要这么快就评判她的朋友。be quick to do sth.是固定短语，意为“很快做某事”，用不定式形式。故填to judge。 8．考查冠词。句意：她建议艾米找个机会和珍妮进行一次充分而坦诚的谈话。opportunity是可数名词单数，在句中表示“一个机会”，泛指，且opportunity发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 9．考查定语从句。句意：大卫和一个朋友分享了他的故事，这个朋友的行为几乎和珍妮的一样。“ ____ behavior was almost the same as Jenny’s”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a friend，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 10．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：但当他发现自己被朋友欺骗时，他真的很受伤，放弃了他们的友谊。trick(欺骗)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系，讲述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数代词，be动词用was。故填was tricked。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Why do some friendships last a long time while others disappear? The 1 (true) is, even the closest relationship needs care. You may have a long-standing friend who seldom 2 (contact). Although you still love him, you can’t help feeling sad. Before blaming (指责) them, notice their small acts of care — remembering your birthday or texting before 3 important doctor’s appointment (预约). These little things also count. Communication plays an important role. If you feel angry, speak up. You might say, “I enjoy our time together, and I don’t mind making all the plans, 4 I’d be thankful if you could start one sometime.” Such honesty often opens the door to deeper understanding. Friendships that last usually share two 5 (quality). First, people don’t care who has given more. Second, friends give each other the benefit of the doubt. When a message 6 (forget), they believe the friend is 7 (simple) busy, rather than unconcerned. Finally, allow friends to change. Asking them to stick to 8 (hold) the opinions they held at 15 is unfair. Growth requires space, and a true friend is a person 9 offers room where career changes, romantic ups and downs, even illness or loss happen. By doing so, you will find that the friendship, if properly tended, can survive much 10 (long). 【答案】 1．truth 2．contacts 3．an 4．but 5．qualities 6．is forgotten 7．simply 8．holding 9．who/that 10．longer 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨长久友谊的维系要素（真诚、沟通、信任、包容和成长）。 1．考查名词。句意：事实是，即使是最亲密的关系也需要维系。根据空前的“The”及空后的“is”可知，空处为名词作主语，true的名词形式为truth。故填truth。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你可能有一位交情深厚的老朋友，他却很少主动联系你。空处为who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语seldom可知，此处表习惯性、经常性动作，应用一般现在时；句子主语为who，指代先行词a long-standing friend，为第三人称单数，应用一般现在时的单数形式contacts。故填contacts。 3．考查冠词。句意：在指责他们之前，不妨留意一下他们那些细微的关心举动——比如记得你的生日，或是在你重要的看诊预约前给你发消息提醒。appointment为可数名词单数，其前需要冠词限定，空处表泛指，且important以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 4．考查连词。句意：我很喜欢我们在一起的时光，也不介意一直由我来做所有计划，但如果你偶尔能主动发起一次，我会很感激的。空处前后两句句意构成转折，应用转折连词but来连接两个句子。故填but。 5．考查名词。句意：持久的友谊通常有两个特点。根据空前的“two”可知，空处应用名词复数作宾语。quality的复数形式为qualities。故填qualities。 6．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如果一条消息被忘记回复，他们会觉得朋友只是单纯太忙了，而不是不在意自己。空处为when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语“believe”可知，此处应用一般现在时；主语a message为第三人称单数，且与动词forget之间构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态的单数形式is forgotten。故填is forgotten。 7．考查副词。句意：如果一条消息被忘记回复，他们会觉得朋友仅仅只是太忙了，而不是不在意自己。空处应用副词作状语修饰形容词busy，simple的副词形式为simply，意为“仅仅，只不过”。故填simply。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：要求他们一直坚守15岁时的观点，是不公平的。根据空前介词“to”可知，空处应用动名词形式holding作介词to的宾语。故填holding。 9．考查定语从句。句意：成长需要空间，真正的朋友会在你经历职业变动、感情起伏，甚至遭遇疾病或失去时给予你空间。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a person，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that来引导。故填who/that。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：做到这一点，你会发现一段用心呵护的友谊，其生命力远比想象中更为长久。much修饰比较级，表“……得多”，空处应为形容词long的比较级longer作状语，修饰谓语动词can survive，表示“能够存续的时间更长”。故填longer。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sometimes, we may want to be alone to think 1 (quiet). But it’s also important to have friends. Friends help us a lot, especially when life 2 (become) challenging. Friendship offers many 3 (benefit). It can make us 4 (happy), wiser, and more satisfied with our lives. There are three main advantages of having close friends. First, friends give us comfort. When we share our happiness with friends, it feels even better. When we share our sadness, it feels less heavy. True friends listen and respect our feelings, 5 (make) us feel supported and understood. Second, friends provide good advice. We often find 6 hard to see our own problems clearly. Friends can offer new perspectives and help us make better decisions. Talking to them also helps us organize our thoughts and understand our problems more deeply. Third, friends offer practical help. They might have different ideas or skills 7 can assist us. 8 their support, we can achieve many goals in life that might be difficult to reach alone. Finally, remember that being with a large group is not 9 same as having true friends. We should choose our friends carefully and work 10 (build) strong relationships. Good friends will give us comfort, advice, and help as we journey through life. 【答案】 1．quietly 2．becomes 3．benefits 4．happier 5．making 6．it 7．that/which 8．With 9．the 10．to build 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述朋友的重要性，介绍拥有亲密朋友的三大好处，并建议谨慎择友、经营牢固友谊。 1．考查副词。句意：有时候，我们可能想独处，安静地思考。此处修饰动词think，用quiet的副词形式quietly，意为“安静地”。故填quietly。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：朋友帮我们很多，尤其是当生活变得充满挑战时。此处为谓语动词，描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语life为单数，所以谓语动词用become的第三人称单数形式becomes。故填becomes。 3．考查名词复数。句意：友谊能带来很多益处。benefit为可数名词，结合前面的many可知，此处应用复数形式benefits。故填benefits。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：它能让我们更快乐、更明智，对生活更满意。此处与wiser、more satisfied并列，用happy的比较级happier，表“更快乐”。故填happier。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：真正的朋友会倾听并尊重我们的感受，让我们感到被支持、被理解。此处为非谓语动词，True friends与make为主动关系，所以此处用现在分词making作状语。故填making。 6．考查代词。句意：我们常常发现很难清楚地看到自己的问题。此处为固定句型“find it +形容词+ to do sth.”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to see our own problems clearly”。故填it。 7．考查定语从句。句意：他们可能有不同的想法或技能来帮助我们。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为different ideas or skills，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 8．考查介词。句意：有了他们的支持，我们就能在生活中实现许多独自难以达成的目标。此处表示“有了他们的支持”，用介词With，表“拥有、凭借”，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填With。 9．考查冠词。句意：最后要记住，身处一个大团体和拥有真正的朋友并不一样。此处为固定搭配“the same as”，意为“与……一样”，用定冠词the。故填the。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该谨慎择友，并努力建立牢固的关系。此处表示“努力去建立”，用动词不定式to build，与前面的work搭配，表“努力做某事”。故填to build。 二、阅读理解 Once again, I was at a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. That was where the similarities ended. I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. My hair was thick, short and ugly while hers was long and beautiful. I was awkward and shy. She wasn’t. I couldn’t stand her, considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends. One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually, no one had invited me to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to invite me. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies — which was my next surprise. I would have thought she had outgrown them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That’s when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations. We had a great time that afternoon. She showed me her outfits, which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it sometimes used her as a model for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange. Paris charmed (吸引) the whole neighborhood. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other’s houses and spent every free moment together. I let my hair grow out and learned to love being tall. Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through my tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: “Your worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend. 1．What was the author’s first impression of Paris? A．She held a poor opinion of Paris. B．She was proud of her personality. C．She thought she was similar to Paris. D．She hoped to become friends with Paris. 2．What was the author’s first surprise from Paris? A．Paris invited her to play at home. B．Paris lived in a small flat. C．Paris still played with Barbies. D．Paris shared her writing dream. 3．What influence did Paris have on the author? A．She stayed shy and awkward. B．She hated her tall height. C．She gave up writing. D．She grew more confident. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．My Teenage School Life B．An Unexpected Best Friend C．A New School and a New Friend D．Paris, the Popular Girl in Neighborhood 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了作者转到新学校后，起初因外形、性格等差异反感同班女孩Paris，把她当作对手，后来意外接受邀请去她家玩耍，两人发现共同爱好、成为挚友，Paris改变了作者的自卑内向，也让作者明白昔日眼中的“死对头”也能成为最好的朋友。 1．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“I couldn’t stand her, considering her my enemy. (我无法忍受她，把她当成我的敌人。)” 可知，作者起初对Paris印象很差、看法不好。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually, no one had invited me to play before. (有一天，她邀请我去她家，我答应了 —— 我震惊得无法拒绝。事实上，以前从没有人邀请我去玩。)” 可知，Paris主动邀请作者去家里玩，是作者对Paris感到意外的第一件事。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other’s houses and spent every free moment together. I let my hair grow out and learned to love being tall. (很快我也融入了她奇妙的小世界。我们互相留宿，空闲时间都在一起。我留长了头发，也开始接纳并喜欢自己高挑的身材。)” 可知，在Paris的影响下，作者变得更加自信。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文最后一段“Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through my tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: “Your worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend. (Paris是我童年之后第一个真正的朋友，陪我度过难熬的少年时光，也让我领悟到一个关于交友的奇妙道理：你眼中最大的对手，可能会成为你最好的朋友。)” 及全文内容可知，文章核心是讲述一段意料之外的挚友情谊，最佳标题为“一位不期而遇的挚友”。 There’s always one nonexistent friend in the group chat, loitering in the background, whose contribution to the chat remains minimal, if not extinct. That friend is me. As long as I can remember having a phone, I’ve been a terrible replier. The phrase “Sorry I missed this” became my go-to line. When a new group chat is created, the members will always come to laugh at my inability to respond to a simple question within hours. But I’m not terrible at replying to everyone. I pride myself on quick responses to work emails, my manager, and my mom — she even says, “I feel privileged to be on my daughter’s quick list.” To friends, I say, “Call me instead.” They know if it’s urgent, I’ll pick up right away. But if I mark a message as “non-urgent,” it’s a different story. Group chats are even harder: conversations move so fast that missing just five minutes means I’m behind on 67 messages about parties, movies or dates. Once, I set aside 15 minutes to respond to friends’ texts. But by the time I responded, they had messaged back. And I filed those new messages as non-urgent again. All of this was like message quicksand. Recently, I asked Billy about my bad texting. He’s that one friend you can always rely on to give you the non-sugarcoated truth: “You take 3-5 days to reply if we’re lucky.” Ouch — but probably not wrong. Then he added, “But you always show up, never cancel, and drive 40 minutes to see us.” Now I think about our group roles — the chatty one, the caller, the non-responder. All contribute and express love in different ways. As I write this article, I wonder if my terrible texting could be a sign of my old age? Or I’m just bad at replying to messages? There’s a lot to think about — and I can promise you this thinking will take my attention away from the 219 messages I haven’t answered yet. 1．What can be inferred about the author as a responder from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．She feels stressed to reply. B．She puts the vital first. C．She prefers calling to texting. D．She fails to reply to friends. 2．What does the underlined word “quicksand” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．A list often ignored. B．An endless cycle. C．A game of rapid replies. D．A tool for classification. 3．Why does the author mention Billy in paragraph 5? A．To praise her friends are tolerant. B．To stress she’s made erforts in texting. C．To prove her texting habit causes problems. D．To show her texting doesn’t hurt her friendship. 4．What is the author’s tone? A．Humorous. B．Formal. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者回复消息很慢，但只优先回复重要的人，虽不擅长文字聊天却用行动维系友谊。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As long as I can remember having a phone, I’ve been a terrible replier.(从我记得有手机开始，我就一直是个糟糕的回复者。)”和第三段中的“I pride myself on quick responses to work emails, my manager, and my mom — she even says, “I feel privileged to be on my daughter’s quick list.” To friends, I say, “Call me instead.” They know if it’s urgent, I’ll pick up right away. But if I mark a message as “non-urgent,” it’s a different story. (我为自己能快速回复工作邮件、经理和妈妈的消息而感到自豪——她甚至说：“能在我女儿的快速回复名单里，我觉得很荣幸。”我对朋友们说：“有事打电话给我吧。”他们知道，如果事情紧急，我会立刻接听。但如果我把一条消息标记为“不紧急”，那就是另一回事了。)”可知，作者会把重要的、紧急的事情优先处理。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Once, I set aside 15 minutes to respond to friends’texts. But by the time I responded, they had messaged back. And I filed those new messages as non-urgent again. All of this was like message quicksand.(有一次，我留出15分钟回复朋友的短信。但等我回复时，他们又发来了消息。而我又把这些新消息归为不紧急。这一切就像消息quicksand。)”可知，这是一种回复不完、不断循环的状态，因此quicksand指的是“一种无休止的循环”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Then he added, “But you always show up, never cancel, and drive 40 minutes to see us.”(然后他补充道：“但你总会出现，从不爽约，还会开40分钟的车来看我们。”)”可知，作者提到Billy是为了表明自己不擅长发消息的习惯并没有伤害到友谊。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“As I write this article, I wonder if my terrible texting could be a sign of my old age? Or I’m just bad at replying to messages? There’s a lot to think about — and I can promise you this thinking will take my attention away from the 219 messages I haven’t answered yet.(当我写这篇文章时，我在想我糟糕的短信回复能力是不是我年纪大了的标志？还是我就是不擅长回消息？有很多事情要思考——而且我可以向你保证，这种思考会让我的注意力从还没回复的219条消息上移开。)”可知，作者用轻松自嘲的方式讲述自己的情况，语气幽默。故选A项。 Teens with dominant (占主导地位的) friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to a new research republished from The Conversation. Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence? Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. To investigate it, 388 teenagers were surveyed at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, teen participants were asked to answer questions about their close friends’ dominating behaviors: Do they make all the decisions? Do they always get their way? Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends take the control, the study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends. 1．Which kind of person below is probably a dominant friend? A．One who knows how to make decisions. B．One who is willing to respect friends’ needs. C．One who always asks friends to buy food for him. D．One who attends the party his friend doesn’t want to. 2．How might most teens with dominant friends feel? A．Lonely. B．Self-respected. C．Positive. D．Valueless. 3．Based on the findings, what is important in forming healthy friendships for teenagers? A．Allowing one friend to always make the decisions. B．Ensuring that one friend always feels powerless. C．Having friendships where one partner feels bossed around. D．Having equal chances to express their opinions and make decisions. 4．What might the researchers suggest teens with dominant friends doing? A．Expressing their own needs firmly. B．Taking back control of the relationship. C．Letting dominant friends take the control. D．Ending the friendship with dominant friends. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，有强势朋友的青少年患心理健康问题的风险更高，并阐述了强势朋友的特点、对青少年心理的影响以及如何建立健康的友谊关系。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend.(强势的朋友经常控制决策权。他们还可以控制别人的行为，比如让年纪小的朋友去参加他们不想参加的聚会)”可知，强势的朋友会控制别人的行为，C项“总是让朋友给他买食物的人”符合这一特征。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision—they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety.(与研究人员此前的预测一致，他们发现，当青少年在亲密友谊中感到无力时——比如他们的朋友总是做决定——他们的自我价值感会降低，抑郁或焦虑的症状会更多)”可知，大多数有强势朋友的青少年可能会觉得自己没有价值。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions.(健康的友谊应该为双方提供发表意见和做决定的机会)”可知，对于青少年来说，建立健康友谊重要的是有平等的机会表达他们的意见和做出决定。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends.(研究结果表明，教育青少年如何建立健康、公平的友谊很重要。一个朋友不应该总是觉得被指使或无力。此外，青少年可能会从获得帮助中受益，帮助他们开发有效的沟通工具，向亲密的朋友坚持主张自己的需求)”可知，研究人员可能会建议有强势朋友的青少年坚定地表达自己的需求。故选A项。 三、完形填空 Last month, one of my best friends, Ethan, wanted to copy my paper during the science test. However, I did not 1 him to cheat. Many nights, I’ve 2 what might have happened if I’d let him copy my paper. We were good friends up until that day. But now, we even didn’t 3 each other. I’ve wished so many times that I’d made a 4 decision: let him copy my work. Maybe then this wouldn’t feel like a wrinkle (褶皱) in my life. 5 , I talked about it with my parents. They shared the same 6 on this point. To my surprise, this afternoon, I 7 Ethan in the hallway. He stood there, waiting for me with a(n) 8 expression, different from our last argument. He 9 , “You’re right and I am in the wrong. I’m 10 for putting you in that difficult position. I 11 we could be friends like ever before. “His honest words immediately ended the 12 between us. There is always a(n) 13 of working out troubles in the end. Wrinkles can be ironed (熨平). It is 14 for us to see clearly what will happen in the future, and the best thing that we can do is make the right 15 for the moment. 1．A．tell B．force C．allow D．expect 2．A．promised B．wondered C．forgotten D．agreed 3．A．look at B．give up C．worry about D．hear of 4．A．responsible B．different C．quick D．necessary 5．A．Usually B．Finally C．Clearly D．Unluckily 6．A．view B．story C．hobby D．purpose 7．A．missed B．left C．visited D．met 8．A．angry B．similar C．fearful D．awkward 9．A．shouted B．joked C．added D．explained 10．A．ready B．cheerful C．regretful D．serious 11．A．report B．wish C．mention D．remember 12．A．conversation B．project C．relationship D．problem 13．A．condition B．order C．method D．secret 14．A．impossible B．meaningless C．common D．interesting 15．A．plan B．suggestion C．decision D．connection 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在科学考试中拒绝好友伊桑抄答案的请求后，两人关系陷入僵局。作者曾后悔未做不同选择，在与父母沟通后，伊桑主动在走廊道歉，承认错误并希望重归于好，两人矛盾化解。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我不允许他作弊。A. tell告诉；B. force强迫；C. allow允许；D. expect期望。根据上文“Ethan, wanted to copy my paper during the science test”以及“However”的转折可知，伊桑想抄答案，而作者没有“允许”他作弊，“allow sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好几个晚上，我都在想如果我让他抄了我的试卷会发生什么。A. promised承诺；B. wondered想知道；C. forgotten忘记；D. agreed同意。根据下文“what might have happened”（虚拟语气，表对过去的假设）可知，作者是在“想知道”当初妥协的后果，符合后悔纠结的心境，故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但现在，我们甚至都不看对方一眼。A. look at看；B. give up放弃；C. worry about担心；D. hear of听说。根据上文“We were good friends up until that day”以及“but”的转折可知，两人从好友变成关系疏远，甚至不“看”对方，体现关系破裂的状态，故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我好多次都希望自己做了一个不同的决定：让他抄我的答案。A. responsible负责任的；B. different不同的；C. quick快速的；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“let him copy my work”以及前文“关系破裂”的结果可知，作者后悔没做与“拒绝”相反的“不同的”决定，故选B。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我把这件事告诉了我的父母。A. Usually通常；B. Finally最后；C. Clearly清楚地；D. Unluckily不幸地。根据上文“Many nights, I’ve 2 what might have happened if I’d let him copy my paper.”可知，作者经过一番挣扎后“最后”向父母倾诉，体现时间上的递进，故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，他们持有相同的观点。A. view观点；B. story故事；C. hobby爱好；D. purpose目的。根据下文“on this point”可知，父母对作者拒绝作弊的行为有相同“观点”，“share the same view”为固定搭配，意为“持有相同观点”，故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，今天下午，我在走廊遇见了伊桑。A. missed错过；B. left离开；C. visited拜访；D. met遇见。根据下文“in the hallway”以及“He stood there, waiting for me”可知，作者是偶然“遇见”伊桑，符合场景逻辑，故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他站在那里，带着尴尬的表情等我，和我们上次争吵时不同。A. angry生气的；B. similar相似的；C. fearful害怕的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据下文“different from our last argument”以及道歉前的心理可知，伊桑应是带着“尴尬的”表情，故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释道：“你是对的，我错了。”A. shouted大喊；B. joked开玩笑；C. added补充；D. explained解释，说道。根据后文伊桑说的话“You’re right and I am in the wrong.”可知，他是在向作者表达歉意并说明想法，“explained”在此处可理解为“开口说道”，符合道歉时的语境，故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很抱歉把你置于那样困难的境地。A. ready准备好的；B. cheerful愉快的；C. regretful后悔的，抱歉的；D. serious严肃的。根据上文“I am in the wrong”可知，伊桑在道歉，“be regretful for”为固定搭配，意为“为……感到抱歉”，故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望我们能像以前一样做朋友。A. report报告；B. wish希望；C. mention提及；D. remember记得。根据下文“we could be friends like ever before”（虚拟语气，表愿望）可知，伊桑是“希望”恢复往日友谊，符合道歉的核心目的，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他真诚的话语立刻化解了我们之间的问题。A. conversation对话；B. project项目；C. relationship关系；D. problem问题。根据前文“we even didn’t look at each other”以及伊桑道歉后矛盾化解可知，此处指解决了两人之间的“问题”，故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终总有解决问题的方法。A. condition条件；B. order顺序；C. method方法；D. secret秘密。根据下文“Wrinkles can be ironed”可知，褶皱可以熨平，喻指问题可解决，此处指解决问题的“方法”，故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不可能清楚地看到未来会发生什么，我们能做的最好的事情就是为当下做正确的决定。A. impossible不可能的；B. meaningless无意义的；C. common常见的；D. interesting有趣的。根据常识以及“what will happen in the future”可知，未来具有不确定性，“不可能”完全预知，故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不可能清楚地看到未来会发生什么，我们能做的最好的事情就是为当下做正确的决定。A. plan计划；B. suggestion建议；C. decision决定；D. connection联系。根据前文“I’d made a 4 decision”的呼应可知，此处指做正确的“决定”，与前文“拒绝作弊的决定”和“后悔未做不同决定”逻辑一致，故选C。 Annie is a smart young lady who comes from a 1 family. She has been 2 to a good university and owns everything that money can buy. The 3 is that her family are too busy to afford time to be with her. In fact, Annie is so 4 that she spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes to communicate with people who know 5 information about her real family background. She uses the name Betty on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in 6 with quite often. Last year Annie made a very 7 friend on QQ. His name was Tonny and lived in New York. Tonny was full of stories and jokes. They had 8 interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even 9 their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. Tonny sent a 10 of himself: he was a tall, handsome young man 11 a big, happy smile. 12 time went by, they became close friends and often sent cards and small things to each other. When Annie’s father told her that he had 13 to go on a business trip to New York, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give Tonny a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the 14 CD of their favorite 15 . But when she knocked on Tonny’s door in New York, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Tim! 1．A．big B．wealthy C．poor D．warm 2．A．expected B．asked C．allowed D．admitted 3．A．truth B．trouble C．difficulty D．matter 4．A．lonely B．boring C．angry D．hopeless 5．A．much B．many C．few D．little 6．A．feel B．touch C．grab D．catch 7．A．similar B．teen C．special D．negative 8．A．new B．same C．common D．different 9．A．saved B．killed C．forgot D．remembered 10．A．picture B．click C．diagram D．site 11．A．delivering B．preferring C．wearing D．proving 12．A．As B．When C．With D．After 13．A．enabled B．inspired C．intended D．judged 14．A．oldest B．most expensive C．longest D．latest 15．A．rock singer B．pianist C．football player D．actor 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了出身富裕家庭但因家人无暇陪伴而孤独的安妮，以“贝蒂”为昵称在QQ上交友，与兴趣相投的“托尼”成为亲密好友，她随父亲去纽约给托尼庆生时，意外发现对方是12岁男孩蒂姆的故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安妮是一位聪慧的年轻女士，她来自一个富裕的家庭。A. big大的；B. wealthy富裕的；C. poor贫穷的；D. warm温暖的。根据后文“She has been ____2____ to a good university and owns everything that money can buy.(她被一所好大学……，拥有金钱能买到的一切。)”可知，“拥有金钱能买到的一切”直接体现家庭经济条件优越，故“富裕的”符合语境。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被一所好大学录取，拥有金钱能买到的一切。A. expected期望；B. asked询问；C. allowed允许；D. admitted录取。根据空后“a good university(一所好大学)”可知，此处应该表达“被大学录取”，表示“被录取”用固定搭配“be admitted to...”。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题在于她的家人太忙了，没时间陪伴她。A. truth真相；B. trouble问题，烦恼；C. difficulty困难；D. matter事情。根据后文“her family are too busy to afford time to be with her.(她的家人太忙了，没时间陪伴她。)”可知，“家人太忙没时间陪她”是她的困扰所在。与前文“She has been ____2____ to a good university and owns everything that money can buy.(她被一所好大学……，拥有金钱能买到的一切。)”描述的物质富足形成对比。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，安妮非常孤独，所以她花很多时间在QQ上。A. lonely孤独的；B. boring无聊的；C. angry生气的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据前文“her family are too busy to afford time to be with her.(她的家人太忙了，没时间陪伴她。)”与后文“she spends a lot of time on her QQ.(她花很多时间在QQ上。)”可知，家人缺乏陪伴是导致安妮“孤独”的原因，而QQ交友是排解孤独的方式，逻辑连贯。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢和那些对她真实家庭背景知之甚少的人交流。A. much许多的(修饰不可数名词)；B. many许多的(修饰可数名词复数)；C. few几乎没有的(修饰可数名词复数)；D. little几乎没有的(修饰不可数名词)。根据后文“She uses the name Betty on QQ(她在QQ上用“贝蒂”这个名字)”可知，安妮用化名交友，暗示不想暴露真实家庭背景，故倾向于和对其家庭背景“知之甚少”的人交流，information为不可数名词，选“little”。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在QQ上用“贝蒂”这个名字，交了很多朋友，而且经常和他们保持联系。A. feel感觉；B. touch接触；C. grab抓住；D. catch接住。根据前文“has made a lot of friends(交了很多朋友)”及后文“quite often(经常)”可知，此处应表达她交友后频繁互动。固定搭配“keep in touch”意为“保持联系”，符合语境。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年，安妮在QQ上交到了一个非常特别的朋友。A. similar相似的；B. teen青少年；C. special特别的；D. negative消极的。根据后文“when she knocked on Tonny’s door in New York, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Tim!(当她在纽约敲响托尼的房门时，却发现这个特别的朋友竟是一个名叫蒂姆的12岁男孩！)”，后文重复出现“special friend(特别的朋友)”，前后呼应，故此处填“特别的”。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们都对摇滚乐和现代舞有着共同的兴趣。A. new新的；B. same相同的；C. common共同的；D. different不同的。根据后文“So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ(所以他们总是在QQ上愉快地聊上几个小时)”可知，“有共同兴趣”是长时间愉快聊天的核心原因，“have common interest in”为固定表达，意为“在……方面有共同兴趣”符合语境。B选项“same”前需加定冠词the，故排除。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他们总是在QQ上愉快地聊上几个小时，有时甚至会忘记时间。A. saved节省；B. killed杀死；C. forgot忘记；D. remembered记得。根据前文“it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ(他们总是在QQ上愉快地聊上几个小时)”及后文“Of course, they wanted to know more about each other.(当然，他们想更多地了解彼此。)”可知，聊得投入且渴望进一步了解对方，自然会“忘记”时间，符合逻辑。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：托尼发了一张自己的照片给她：他是一个高大帅气的年轻男子，脸上洋溢着灿烂愉悦的笑容。A. picture照片；B. click点击；C. diagram图表；D. site地点。根据前文“Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. Tonny sent a____10____(当然，他们想更多地了解彼此。托尼发了一张……)”及后文“he was a tall, handsome young man(他是一个高大帅气的年轻男子)”可知，“照片”是展示外貌、满足“了解彼此”需求的载体，符合语境。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：托尼发了一张自己的照片给她：他是一个高大帅气的年轻男子，脸上洋溢着灿烂愉悦的笑容。A. delivering投递；B. preferring更喜欢；C. wearing带着，呈现；D. proving证明。根据前文“he was a tall, handsome young man(他是一个高大帅气的年轻男子)”及后文“a big, happy smile(灿烂愉悦的笑容)”可知，此处是对托尼的外貌神态的描述。“wear a smile”为固定搭配，意为“带着笑容”。故选C。 12．考查连词和介词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他们成了亲密的朋友，还经常互相寄卡片和小物件。A. As随着(连词)；B. When当……时(连词)；C. With随着(介词)；D. After在……之后(连词/介词)。根据前文“So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ(所以他们总是在QQ上愉快地聊上几个小时)”和后文“____12____ time went by, they became close friends(……时间的推移，他们成了亲密的朋友)”可知，此处应该表达“随着时间的推移”，“As time went by”为固定表达，as引导时间状语从句，体现“交流逐渐深入，关系慢慢升温”的过程；with是介词，后需接“time going by”，此处原句结构符合as的用法。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当安妮的父亲告诉她自己打算去纽约出差时，她请求父亲带她一起去，这样她就能给托尼一个生日惊喜。A. enabled使能够；B. inspired鼓舞；C. intended打算；D. judged判断。根据后文“she asked him to let her go with him(她请求父亲带她一起去)”可知，父亲“打算出差”是安妮请求同行的前提，符合逻辑。“intend to do sth”表示“打算做某事”。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她要送给他他们最喜欢的摇滚歌手的最新唱片。A. oldest最老的；B. most expensive最贵的；C. longest最长的；D. latest最新的。根据前文“give Tonny a surprise for his birthday(给托尼一个生日惊喜)”及后文“CD of their favorite____15____ (他们最喜欢的……的唱片)”可知，“最新的”唱片作为生日礼物，既贴合喜好又能带来惊喜，符合赠送逻辑。故选D。 15．考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：她要送给他他们最喜欢的摇滚歌手的最新唱片。A. rock singer摇滚歌手；B. pianist钢琴家；C. football player足球运动员；D. actor演员。根据前文“They had ____8____ interest in rock music and modern dance.(他们都对摇滚乐和现代舞有着……兴趣。)”及“the____14____ CD(……的唱片)”可知，二人喜欢摇滚乐，对应的唱片应来自“摇滚歌手”，前后文形成呼应。故选A。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lily was a high school student who loved comparing herself with others. She always cared about the latest clothes, expensive phones, and designer bags. Whenever someone showed off a new item, she would feel jealous (嫉妒的) and want to buy something better. Her parents often told her, “True value isn’t in what you own,” but she never listened. One day, Lily noticed a girl from another class whose name was Coco. Coco’s family was wealthy, but she always wore simple clothes and carried an old schoolbag. Unlike Lily, Coco never joined the students’ discussions about brands or prices. Instead, she spent her time helping classmates with math problems or volunteering in the school library. Her grades were always at the top of the class, and everyone respected (尊重) her. Lily couldn’t understand why Coco didn’t care about material things. One afternoon, Lily saw Coco sitting alone under a tree, reading a book. She decided to talk to her. “Why don’t you buy nicer things?” Lily asked. “Your family has enough money.” Coco looked up with a smile. “I’d rather spend money on things that matter,” she said. “Like helping others or buying books.” That night, Lily thought about Coco’s words. She realized that she had been looking for things that didn’t bring real happiness. The next day, she made a decision: she would stop comparing herself with others and start focusing on what was truly meaningful. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The following week, Lily began to learn from Coco. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Months later, teachers and classmates all praised Lily. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The following week, Lily began to learn from Coco. She started by organizing her own bookshelf, donating clothes she seldom wore to charity, and spending more time reading in the library. Gradually, she found joy in helping others too. When a classmate struggled with English, Lily offered to study together after school. She even joined Coco in the library volunteer team. Instead of checking social media for the latest trends, she now looked for opportunities to make a difference. Her parents noticed the change — she talked less about buying things and more about what she had learned or who she had helped. One afternoon, while walking home, Lily realized she hadn’t compared herself to anyone all week. For the first time, she felt truly content. Months later, teachers and classmates all praised Lily. Not only had her grades improved noticeably, but she had also become one of the most kind-hearted and respected students in school. During a class meeting, her teacher mentioned Lily’s transformation as an example of “real growth.” Coco smiled at her from across the room, and Lily knew she had finally understood what her parents meant by “true value.” It wasn’t about what you had, but who you became. Lily still liked pretty things, but now she valued kindness, knowledge, and generosity far more. She had learned that happiness comes not from having more, but from being more — for yourself and for others. 【导语】本题为读后续写，要求根据所给短文内容和段落开头语，续写两段使故事完整。原文讲述了Lily从一个爱攀比的中学生，受到同学Coco的积极影响，逐渐转变价值观的故事。续写需紧密衔接前文，体现Lily的转变过程及最终成长。 1. 段落续写： ①根据第一段开头“接下来的一周，莉莉开始以可可为榜样。”可知，本段应描写Lily的具体行动和初期变化，如简化生活、帮助他人、参与志愿服务等，并体现她内心的初步感悟，为下一段做铺垫。 ②根据第二段开头“几个月后，老师和同学们都称赞了莉莉。”可知，本段应呈现Lily转变后的积极成果，如学业进步、获得认可，并通过他人评价和自我反思点明主题——真正的价值在于内在成长与奉献。 2. 续写线索：攀比→对话→捐衣助读→辅导同学→志愿→不再比较→师赞→领悟“being more” 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①整理：organize/sort ②捐赠：donate/contribute ③主动提供：offered to do/took the initiative to ④寻找机会：looked for/searched for 情绪类 ①满足：content/satisfied ②善意：kind-hearted/benevolent ③慷慨：generosity/magnanimity ④快乐：joy/happiness 【点睛】【高级句型1】One afternoon, while walking home, Lily realized she hadn’t compared herself to anyone all week. (状语从句的省略句，省略that的宾语从句) 【高级句型2】Not only had her grades improved noticeably, but she had also become one of the most kind-hearted and respected students in school. (部分倒装句) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01定语从句之关系代词  一、定语从句以及相关术语 ★定义：定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。 ★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。 ★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。 ①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。 ②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。 ★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。  二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法 关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 (1)who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。(作主语) The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。(作宾语) (2)whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。 The man (whom) you met just now is my father.你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。(作宾语) The teacher (whom) you are waiting for is coming.你等的那位老师来了。(作宾语) (3)whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(作定语) Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。(作定语) (4)which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。(作主语) The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train. (作宾语) 那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。 (5)that既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。 There is a film (that) I’d like to see.有一部电影我想去看。(作宾语) She is the only one among us that knows French.她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。(作主语) 只用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,much,any,little等不定代词,或被no,little,all等修饰时。 He did everything that he could for me.他为我做了他所能做的所有的事。 No news that he tells us is good.他告诉我们的消息没有一个是好的。 (2)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very,the only修饰时。 This is the best film that I have seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。 The only thing that matters is the baby’s health.唯一重要的是这个婴儿的健康。 This is the very book that I’ve been looking for.这正是我一直在找的那本书。 (3)当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时。 They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country. 他们谈到了在那个国家见到的人和事。 (4)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆? 温馨提示: ①关系代词在从句中作主语时,根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students that has passed the exam.(the only one为先行词) 他是唯一通过考试的学生。 He is one of the students who have passed the exam .(the students为先行词) 他是通过考试的学生之一。 ②关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)常可省略。 The boy (that/who/whom)we saw last night was Li Ming.我们昨天晚上见到的那个男孩是李明。 一、单句语法填空 1．Can you tell me the name of the stadium you visited last week? 2．Their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their lives. 3．This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book has just been published. 4．I am grateful to my headteacher always assists me with my learning. 5．The province is also the first area in western China has extended expressways to every county. 6．However, those don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also dangerous. 7．Those good deeds always set good examples for others are worth our respect. 8．The main reason causes stress is the tight schedule. 9．The boy with my mother is talking is my cousin. 10．The reason he told me for his being late for class did not sound believable. 11．The student homework was full of careful mistakes was praised by the teacher in class yesterday. 12．The work has just been finished is very important. 13．Happiness and success often come to those people are good at recognizing their own strengths. 14．When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing you need to consider is what you expect to improve. 15．It was a book he lost last week. 16．Yoga (瑜珈) classes are suitable for people want to improve their flexibility. 17．We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools we had visited. 18．The girl is standing at the school gate is waiting for her mother. 19．The first thing comes to mind is his smile. 20．They have got a robot can take care of the old and babies. 21．The girl won the first prize in the English speech contest is my deskmate. 22．Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures were both enduring and beautiful. 23．There are many places on the earth are still unknown to humans. 24．There once was a beautiful princess favorite amusement was a golden ball. 25．We talked about the people and places we remembered fondly from our childhood. 26．From this story we can see that friends are those support you through thick and thin. 27．I will never forget the days we spent together in the countryside.​ 28．The professor talked about the famous writers and novels have far-reaching effects on modern American literature. 29．The Giant Panda National Park is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range. 30．The trees are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 二、完成句子 31．The house belongs to me. The roof of the house is painted red.(合并句子) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 32．This is the medal. The young runner has dreamed of the medal for years. （用定语从句合并句子） →_______________________________________________________________ 33．I have ever seen the film and it is the most interesting film. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________ 34．Ice sculptures (冰雕) attract many visitors. Ice sculptures (冰雕) are made by a young artist. (改写定语从句) ______________________________________________________________________________ 35．The person is Mr. Ball. You should ask him about the matter. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 36．The boys are my friends. The boys are playing football. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 37．The fish isn’t fresh. We bought the fish yesterday. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 38．The writer was invited to the Reading Festival. His short story won the contest.(用定语从句合并) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 39．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. (用定语从句合并) →____________________________________ is our geography teacher. 40．Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her. →Last week _________________________________I gave to her. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Amy and her best friend Jenny have been close since primary school. But last Saturday, their friendship was 1 the rocks. As Amy said, they had planned to meet at the cinema that afternoon, since there was a new film released that day. Amy was 2 (especial) eager to see it. But in the morning, Jenny posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. On Monday morning, however, a classmate told Amy she 3 (see) Jenny chatting with another girl in a cafe two days before. Amy was so 4 (disappoint) at Jenny that she ignored Jenny during school all day. She was at a 5 (lose) what to do next. In Cindy’s opinion, the friendship was worth 6 (save). She told Amy not to be so quick 7 (judge) her friend. She suggested that Amy find 8 opportunity to have a full and frank talk with Jenny. David shared his story with a friend 9 behavior was almost the same as Jenny’s. But when he found out that he 10 (trick) by his friend. He was really hurt and let go of their friendship. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Why do some friendships last a long time while others disappear? The 1 (true) is, even the closest relationship needs care. You may have a long-standing friend who seldom 2 (contact). Although you still love him, you can’t help feeling sad. Before blaming (指责) them, notice their small acts of care — remembering your birthday or texting before 3 important doctor’s appointment (预约). These little things also count. Communication plays an important role. If you feel angry, speak up. You might say, “I enjoy our time together, and I don’t mind making all the plans, 4 I’d be thankful if you could start one sometime.” Such honesty often opens the door to deeper understanding. Friendships that last usually share two 5 (quality). First, people don’t care who has given more. Second, friends give each other the benefit of the doubt. When a message 6 (forget), they believe the friend is 7 (simple) busy, rather than unconcerned. Finally, allow friends to change. Asking them to stick to 8 (hold) the opinions they held at 15 is unfair. Growth requires space, and a true friend is a person 9 offers room where career changes, romantic ups and downs, even illness or loss happen. By doing so, you will find that the friendship, if properly tended, can survive much 10 (long). 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sometimes, we may want to be alone to think 1 (quiet). But it’s also important to have friends. Friends help us a lot, especially when life 2 (become) challenging. Friendship offers many 3 (benefit). It can make us 4 (happy), wiser, and more satisfied with our lives. There are three main advantages of having close friends. First, friends give us comfort. When we share our happiness with friends, it feels even better. When we share our sadness, it feels less heavy. True friends listen and respect our feelings, 5 (make) us feel supported and understood. Second, friends provide good advice. We often find 6 hard to see our own problems clearly. Friends can offer new perspectives and help us make better decisions. Talking to them also helps us organize our thoughts and understand our problems more deeply. Third, friends offer practical help. They might have different ideas or skills 7 can assist us. 8 their support, we can achieve many goals in life that might be difficult to reach alone. Finally, remember that being with a large group is not 9 same as having true friends. We should choose our friends carefully and work 10 (build) strong relationships. Good friends will give us comfort, advice, and help as we journey through life. 二、阅读理解 Once again, I was at a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. That was where the similarities ended. I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. My hair was thick, short and ugly while hers was long and beautiful. I was awkward and shy. She wasn’t. I couldn’t stand her, considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends. One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually, no one had invited me to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to invite me. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies — which was my next surprise. I would have thought she had outgrown them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That’s when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations. We had a great time that afternoon. She showed me her outfits, which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it sometimes used her as a model for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange. Paris charmed (吸引) the whole neighborhood. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other’s houses and spent every free moment together. I let my hair grow out and learned to love being tall. Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through my tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: “Your worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend. 1．What was the author’s first impression of Paris? A．She held a poor opinion of Paris. B．She was proud of her personality. C．She thought she was similar to Paris. D．She hoped to become friends with Paris. 2．What was the author’s first surprise from Paris? A．Paris invited her to play at home. B．Paris lived in a small flat. C．Paris still played with Barbies. D．Paris shared her writing dream. 3．What influence did Paris have on the author? A．She stayed shy and awkward. B．She hated her tall height. C．She gave up writing. D．She grew more confident. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．My Teenage School Life B．An Unexpected Best Friend C．A New School and a New Friend D．Paris, the Popular Girl in Neighborhood There’s always one nonexistent friend in the group chat, loitering in the background, whose contribution to the chat remains minimal, if not extinct. That friend is me. As long as I can remember having a phone, I’ve been a terrible replier. The phrase “Sorry I missed this” became my go-to line. When a new group chat is created, the members will always come to laugh at my inability to respond to a simple question within hours. But I’m not terrible at replying to everyone. I pride myself on quick responses to work emails, my manager, and my mom — she even says, “I feel privileged to be on my daughter’s quick list.” To friends, I say, “Call me instead.” They know if it’s urgent, I’ll pick up right away. But if I mark a message as “non-urgent,” it’s a different story. Group chats are even harder: conversations move so fast that missing just five minutes means I’m behind on 67 messages about parties, movies or dates. Once, I set aside 15 minutes to respond to friends’ texts. But by the time I responded, they had messaged back. And I filed those new messages as non-urgent again. All of this was like message quicksand. Recently, I asked Billy about my bad texting. He’s that one friend you can always rely on to give you the non-sugarcoated truth: “You take 3-5 days to reply if we’re lucky.” Ouch — but probably not wrong. Then he added, “But you always show up, never cancel, and drive 40 minutes to see us.” Now I think about our group roles — the chatty one, the caller, the non-responder. All contribute and express love in different ways. As I write this article, I wonder if my terrible texting could be a sign of my old age? Or I’m just bad at replying to messages? There’s a lot to think about — and I can promise you this thinking will take my attention away from the 219 messages I haven’t answered yet. 1．What can be inferred about the author as a responder from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．She feels stressed to reply. B．She puts the vital first. C．She prefers calling to texting. D．She fails to reply to friends. 2．What does the underlined word “quicksand” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．A list often ignored. B．An endless cycle. C．A game of rapid replies. D．A tool for classification. 3．Why does the author mention Billy in paragraph 5? A．To praise her friends are tolerant. B．To stress she’s made erforts in texting. C．To prove her texting habit causes problems. D．To show her texting doesn’t hurt her friendship. 4．What is the author’s tone? A．Humorous. B．Formal. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. Teens with dominant (占主导地位的) friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to a new research republished from The Conversation. Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence? Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. To investigate it, 388 teenagers were surveyed at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, teen participants were asked to answer questions about their close friends’ dominating behaviors: Do they make all the decisions? Do they always get their way? Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends take the control, the study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends. 1．Which kind of person below is probably a dominant friend? A．One who knows how to make decisions. B．One who is willing to respect friends’ needs. C．One who always asks friends to buy food for him. D．One who attends the party his friend doesn’t want to. 2．How might most teens with dominant friends feel? A．Lonely. B．Self-respected. C．Positive. D．Valueless. 3．Based on the findings, what is important in forming healthy friendships for teenagers? A．Allowing one friend to always make the decisions. B．Ensuring that one friend always feels powerless. C．Having friendships where one partner feels bossed around. D．Having equal chances to express their opinions and make decisions. 4．What might the researchers suggest teens with dominant friends doing? A．Expressing their own needs firmly. B．Taking back control of the relationship. C．Letting dominant friends take the control. D．Ending the friendship with dominant friends. 三、完形填空 Last month, one of my best friends, Ethan, wanted to copy my paper during the science test. However, I did not 1 him to cheat. Many nights, I’ve 2 what might have happened if I’d let him copy my paper. We were good friends up until that day. But now, we even didn’t 3 each other. I’ve wished so many times that I’d made a 4 decision: let him copy my work. Maybe then this wouldn’t feel like a wrinkle (褶皱) in my life. 5 , I talked about it with my parents. They shared the same 6 on this point. To my surprise, this afternoon, I 7 Ethan in the hallway. He stood there, waiting for me with a(n) 8 expression, different from our last argument. He 9 , “You’re right and I am in the wrong. I’m 10 for putting you in that difficult position. I 11 we could be friends like ever before. “His honest words immediately ended the 12 between us. There is always a(n) 13 of working out troubles in the end. Wrinkles can be ironed (熨平). It is 14 for us to see clearly what will happen in the future, and the best thing that we can do is make the right 15 for the moment. 1．A．tell B．force C．allow D．expect 2．A．promised B．wondered C．forgotten D．agreed 3．A．look at B．give up C．worry about D．hear of 4．A．responsible B．different C．quick D．necessary 5．A．Usually B．Finally C．Clearly D．Unluckily 6．A．view B．story C．hobby D．purpose 7．A．missed B．left C．visited D．met 8．A．angry B．similar C．fearful D．awkward 9．A．shouted B．joked C．added D．explained 10．A．ready B．cheerful C．regretful D．serious 11．A．report B．wish C．mention D．remember 12．A．conversation B．project C．relationship D．problem 13．A．condition B．order C．method D．secret 14．A．impossible B．meaningless C．common D．interesting 15．A．plan B．suggestion C．decision D．connection Annie is a smart young lady who comes from a 1 family. She has been 2 to a good university and owns everything that money can buy. The 3 is that her family are too busy to afford time to be with her. In fact, Annie is so 4 that she spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes to communicate with people who know 5 information about her real family background. She uses the name Betty on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in 6 with quite often. Last year Annie made a very 7 friend on QQ. His name was Tonny and lived in New York. Tonny was full of stories and jokes. They had 8 interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even 9 their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. Tonny sent a 10 of himself: he was a tall, handsome young man 11 a big, happy smile. 12 time went by, they became close friends and often sent cards and small things to each other. When Annie’s father told her that he had 13 to go on a business trip to New York, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give Tonny a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the 14 CD of their favorite 15 . But when she knocked on Tonny’s door in New York, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Tim! 1．A．big B．wealthy C．poor D．warm 2．A．expected B．asked C．allowed D．admitted 3．A．truth B．trouble C．difficulty D．matter 4．A．lonely B．boring C．angry D．hopeless 5．A．much B．many C．few D．little 6．A．feel B．touch C．grab D．catch 7．A．similar B．teen C．special D．negative 8．A．new B．same C．common D．different 9．A．saved B．killed C．forgot D．remembered 10．A．picture B．click C．diagram D．site 11．A．delivering B．preferring C．wearing D．proving 12．A．As B．When C．With D．After 13．A．enabled B．inspired C．intended D．judged 14．A．oldest B．most expensive C．longest D．latest 15．A．rock singer B．pianist C．football player D．actor 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lily was a high school student who loved comparing herself with others. She always cared about the latest clothes, expensive phones, and designer bags. Whenever someone showed off a new item, she would feel jealous (嫉妒的) and want to buy something better. Her parents often told her, “True value isn’t in what you own,” but she never listened. One day, Lily noticed a girl from another class whose name was Coco. Coco’s family was wealthy, but she always wore simple clothes and carried an old schoolbag. Unlike Lily, Coco never joined the students’ discussions about brands or prices. Instead, she spent her time helping classmates with math problems or volunteering in the school library. Her grades were always at the top of the class, and everyone respected (尊重) her. Lily couldn’t understand why Coco didn’t care about material things. One afternoon, Lily saw Coco sitting alone under a tree, reading a book. She decided to talk to her. “Why don’t you buy nicer things?” Lily asked. “Your family has enough money.” Coco looked up with a smile. “I’d rather spend money on things that matter,” she said. “Like helping others or buying books.” That night, Lily thought about Coco’s words. She realized that she had been looking for things that didn’t bring real happiness. The next day, she made a decision: she would stop comparing herself with others and start focusing on what was truly meaningful. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The following week, Lily began to learn from Coco. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Months later, teachers and classmates all praised Lily. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $