暑假作业01 定语从句（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦定语从句系统突破，融合定义分类、引导词用法及典例解析，构建“概念-规则-应用”三层逻辑体系，提升语言理解与表达能力，培养逻辑分析与归纳能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |定义与分类|2类（限制性/非限制性）|明确定语从句基本概念与分类标准|从定义切入，区分两类从句功能差异| |关系代词|5个代词+5个典例|归纳指代对象、从句成分及省略规则|按“指代-成分-特殊用法”递进，突出that限定条件| |关系副词|3个词+3组典例|总结“介词+which”转换规律|以时间/地点/原因为线索，关联先行词特征| |非限制性从句|as/which对比+4个区别点|提炼as/which用法差异及指代范围|从功能补充到特殊结构，强化与限制性从句对比| |语法填空|4组单句+2篇短文|强化语境中引导词选择与应用技巧|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移与综合运用|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义与分类 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词、关系副词和介词＋关系代词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 [归纳用法] 关系代词 指代 在从句中所作的成分 是否省略 who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能省略。作宾语、表语和状语时可以省略。 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人/物 定语 注意在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况 [观察典例] Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? This is the first two­storey bus that runs in our city. Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for. Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? [归纳用法] 1．当先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something，everything，nothing等词时。 2．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3．当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the right等修饰时。 4．当先行词既有人又有物时。 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1．when引导的定语从句 [观察典例] I can not forget the day when I first saw you. The old man still remembers the time when he first travelled by plane. Please tell us the date when you were born. [归纳用法] when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。先行词通常是time，day，week，year 等。 2．where引导的定语从句 [观察典例] This is the house where they lived a week ago. Japan is one of the few countries where people drive on the left. Is this the place where it happened? [归纳用法] where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。先行词通常是place，street，house，city，country 以及一些抽象意义的名词，如 point，case，position，condition，situation等。 3．why引导的定语从句 [观察典例] The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. Can you explain the reason why you don't help him? [归纳用法] why指原因或理由，在从句中作原因状语。先行词是reason。 [名师点津] 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词＋which”结构： ①when＝on (in，at，during ...)which ②where＝in (at，on ...)which ③why＝for which 非限制性定语从句 一、非限制性定语从句及其引导词 非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，与先行词之间有逗号隔开，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍概念清晰、结构完整。 非限制性定语从句的引导词有who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where；that和why不可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，则用who，whose，whom；先行词指物，要用which，whose；先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。 二、使用非限制性定语从句的情况 1．关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。 The Diaoyu Island belongs to China，as is known to all.众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。 A middle­aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。 2．当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名、地名等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从句。 China，which is my motherland，is developing fast.中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。 Eason，who was a pop star，got married last year.伊森去年结婚了，他是一位流行歌星。 三、as，which引导的非限制性定语从句 1．两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。 The meeting was put off，as/which was exactly what we wanted.会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。 He was a doctor，as/which I knew from his manner.他是一名医生，我是从他的举止中知道的。 2．as，which的不同点 (1)as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 As is known to all，fish can't live without water.众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存。 Air，as we know，is gas.正如我们所知，空气是气体。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，which后的be动词不可省略；而as后的be动词可以省略。 She told me she won the match，which was a lie.她告诉我她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言。 The material is elastic，as (was) shown in the figure.这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示。 (3)which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语；而as作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be，seem，become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl，which delighted him.他看见了那个女孩，这让他很高兴。 He didn't say anything at the meeting，as/which seemed very strange.他在会议上一言未发，这看起来非常奇怪。 (4)as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有：as we know(众所周知)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is often the case(情况常常如此)；as we all can see(正如我们看到的)；as is announced/expected/known/imagined/ mentioned/said/shown/reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 As is known to all，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 Kate was late for school，as often happened.凯特上学迟到了，正如经常发生的那样。 (5)在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代主句中的某一个单词，as不可以。 My brother enjoys playing basketball，which he really plays well.我哥哥喜欢打篮球，他打得非常好。 Beijing，which he was born in，is our capital.北京，他出生的地方，是我们的首都。 (6)“介词＋关系代词(介宾代物)”中关系代词只能用which。 The Travel Agency，with which our company has been dealing for several years，has opened new branches.那家与我们公司交易了好几年的旅行社开了新的分店。 Air is a mixture of gases，of which oxygen forms 21 percent.空气是各种气体的混合物，其中氧气占了21%。 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 除了有无逗号的不同之外，这两类定语从句还有一些区别。 1．关系词的选用 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达：He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 2．所修饰的先行词 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected. 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 3．关系词的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、状语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days (that/which) we spent together in college. 我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(that/which在定语从句中作宾语) She is not the one (that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 4．英译汉时的语序，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success. 那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 一.单句语法填空 1．When the girl studied in England，she lived with a host family members always helped her. 2．I was amazed at the number of people visited the Forbidden City on Saturday. 3．The man is talking about the teachers and things encouraged him greatly in school. 4．The International Red Cross is an organization purpose is to help the sick and the needy. 5．The man is talking with my father is a policeman. 6．The professor you wish to see has gone abroad. 7．Do you have anything is important to tell me? 8．A shop should keep a stock of those goods sell best. 9．Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. 10．The boys are playing football are on the playground. 【答案】1.whose 2.who/that 3.that 4.whose 5.who/that 6.who/that/whom7.that 8.which/that9.that 10.who/that 二.单句语法填空 1．Self­driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 2．But it was also a time there were many great philosophers. 3．Do you know the reason he was late yesterday? 4．There are times personal feelings can't be allowed to intrude. 5．The main reason he lost his job was that he had had an arguement with the boss. 6．Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the first time? 7．She's got herself into a dangerous situation she's likely to lose her life. 8．Is this the museum the exhibition was held? 9．I have forgotten the date you told me. 10．That is the reason I want to know. 【答案】1.where 2.when 3.why 4.when 5.why 6.when 7.where 8.where 9.which/that10.which/that 三.单句语法填空 1．Julie grew up in a key middle school in her city， her parents both taught Chinese. 2． always，the children stole the show. 3． is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth once every month. 4．My aunt， you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business. 5．This is the reason he took apart the machine. 6．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of uses it differently. 7．This is the farm we picked apples last year. 8．She gave another piece of advice， I think is of great help to the research work. 9．She showed the visitors around the museum， construction had taken more than three years. 10．Do you still remember the summer holiday we made a journey to Beijing? 【答案】1.where 2.As 3.As 4.whom 5.why 6.which 7.where 8.which 9.whose 10.when 四.短文语法填空 Mary，1. drawings were shown at the exhibition last month，is a model student，2. is often praise for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall，our eyes were caught by a very large picture，3. was hung on the wall in front of us.The horse 4. was drawn in the picture was 5. (exact) like a real horse.The man 6. was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 7. I had ever seen，and I should say Mary is the best young painter that I have ever heard of.However，you will be quite 8. (mistake) if you think that Mary was born a good painter.One of her 9. (teacher) told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing until she became the best young painter 10. has ever been heard of in her hometown. 【答案】1.whose 2.who 3.which 4.which 5.exactly 6.who 7.that 8.mistaken 9.teachers 10.that 语法填空 A （24-25高二下·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Modern farms are increasingly automated — from GPS-controlled combine harvesters to machines that shake apples from trees. One task, though, seems stubbornly 1 (resist) to being handed to robots: picking grapes. Like all soft fruit, grapes have a narrow window of 2 (ripe), and are easy to being crushed if picked by clumsy metallic fingers. Matters are worse if the fruit 3 (intend) for fine wine. A project at Saffron Grange vineyard in Essex, however, aims to change some minds. Engineers working with Extend Robotics, are building a grape-picking robot 4 (equip) with visual sensors powered by AI to tell when fruit is ripe, and pressure sensitive fingers 5 (grasp) and cut bunches（串）from vines 6 having to shake any fruit loose. The project is still in its early stages. The current version of the robot has to be awkwardly controlled in real-time — by a pilot wearing a VR headset. The owners of Saffron Grange vineyard 7 (provide) leaf, grape and juice samples to train the AI systems already and committed to planting half a field of vines（葡萄藤） 8 the robot can run freely. Robotic help would be a blessing for the vineyard. Harvest time is short and intense — a ten-day intensive activity when 9 typical English vineyard's staff will swell five-fold. With a robot, Paul Harrison, the vineyard's manager, imagines 10 (turn) grape-picking into a 24-hour operation by hiring skilled laborers in Australia who could dial into the VR controls and pick grapes remotely, after his local workers have clocked off for the day. 【答案】1．resistant 2．ripeness 3．is intended 4．equipped 5．to grasp 6．without 7．have provided 8．where 9．a 10．turning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了埃塞克斯郡藏红花田葡萄园正在开展的一个旨在研发葡萄采摘机器人的项目。文章阐述了葡萄采摘难以自动化的原因，描述了机器人的设计特点、项目进展情况以及其对葡萄园采摘工作的潜在意义。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：然而，有一项任务似乎坚决抗拒交给机器人：采摘葡萄。此处作seem的表语，应用形容词形式，resist的形容词为resistant，意为“抗拒的”，be resistant to表示“对……抗拒”。故填resistant。 2．考查名词。句意：和所有浆果类水果一样，葡萄的成熟采摘期很短暂，而且如果被笨拙的金属手指采摘，很容易被压坏。a narrow window of 后接名词，ripe的名词形式为ripeness，意为“成熟”。故填ripeness。 3．考查动词语态。句意：如果这些水果是用来酿造优质葡萄酒的，情况就更糟了。be intended for表示“打算用于；为……而准备”，此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语the fruit为不可数名词，所以用is intended。故填is intended。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：与Extend Robotics合作的工程师们正在制造一款葡萄采摘机器人，该机器人配备了由人工智能驱动的视觉传感器，用于判断水果何时成熟，还有能感知压力的手指，无需晃动水果就能从葡萄藤上抓取并剪下葡萄串。be equipped with表示“配备有”，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a grape-picking robot，所以用equipped。故填equipped。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：与Extend Robotics合作的工程师们正在制造一款葡萄采摘机器人，该机器人配备了由人工智能驱动的视觉传感器，用于判断水果何时成熟，还有能感知压力的手指，无需晃动水果就能从葡萄藤上抓取并剪下葡萄串。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了抓取和剪下葡萄串”。故填to grasp。 6．考查介词。句意：与Extend Robotics合作的工程师们正在制造一款葡萄采摘机器人，该机器人配备了由人工智能驱动的视觉传感器，用于判断水果何时成熟，还有能感知压力的手指，无需晃动水果就能从葡萄藤上抓取并剪下葡萄串。根据语境，此处表示“无需”晃动水果，应用介词without。故填without。 7．考查动词时态。句意：藏红花田葡萄园的所有者已经提供了叶子、葡萄和果汁样本，用于训练人工智能系统，并承诺种植半块地的葡萄藤，这样机器人就可以自由运行。根据时间状语already可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语The owners为复数，助动词用have。故填have provided。 8．考查定语从句。句意：藏红花田葡萄园的所有者已经提供了叶子、葡萄和果汁样本，用于训练人工智能系统，并承诺种植半块地的葡萄藤，这样机器人就可以自由运行。此处为定语从句，先行词为half a field of vines，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。 9．考查冠词。句意：收获季节短暂而紧张——在这为期十天的高强度活动中，一个典型的英国葡萄园的员工数量会增加五倍。此处表示泛指“一个典型的英国葡萄园”，typical是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：有了机器人，葡萄园经理保罗·哈里森设想，在当地工人下班后，雇佣澳大利亚的熟练工人通过远程接入VR控制系统来采摘葡萄，将葡萄采摘变成一项24小时的作业。imagine doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“设想做某事”，所以此处用turning。故填turning。 B （24-25高二下·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A taboo is social behaviour that is not allowed. There are many different taboos around the world, few of 1 are universal. They often vary from society to society. Taboos are usually related to certain items or people. Those who broke taboos are likely 2 (feel) upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others, 3 the situation will also be awkward for the people around them. When you meet people from different cultures, it is important to understand what you cannot do. If you are not aware of the differences, which may seem 4 (important) to us, some strange things might happen. For example, in China, 5 (give) an umbrella as a gift to your friend or a married couple, except when it is actually raining, should 6 (avoid). This is because the word that corresponds 7 "umbrella" in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which 8 (mean) "to separate". Before you travel to a new country, it is a good idea to find out about the local taboos. If you know what to avoid and how to behave, you will spare yourself 9 (embarrass). Mind that taboos change with the times. Some behaviour that was not tolerated 10 might be accepted now. 【答案】1．which 2．to feel 3．and 4．unimportant 5．giving 6．be avoided 7．to 8．means 9．embarrassment 10．before 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地存在各种不同的禁忌，阐述了禁忌与特定事物或人相关，强调了解不同文化禁忌的重要性，还指出禁忌会随时间变化。 1．考查定语从句。句意：世界各地有许多不同的禁忌，几乎没有是通用的。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是taboos，指物，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到不安或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害他人。be likely to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“可能做某事”，所以这里用动词不定式to feel。故填to feel。 3．考查连词。句意：那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到不安或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害他人，而且这种情况对他们周围的人来说也会很尴尬。前一句说打破禁忌者自身感受，后一句说周围人的感受，两句是并列关系，所以用连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查形容词。句意：如果你没有意识到这些差异，这些差异对我们来说可能看似不重要，一些奇怪的事情可能就会发生。根据语境，这里说的是看似不重要的差异可能引发奇怪事，所以用important的反义词unimportant作表语。故填unimportant。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在中国，除非真的在下雨，否则给你的朋友或已婚夫妇送伞作为礼物应该被避免。此处作主语，要用动名词形式，所以用giving。故填giving。 6．考查动词语态。句意：例如，在中国，除非真的在下雨，否则给你的朋友或已婚夫妇送伞作为礼物应该被避免。should是情态动词，主语giving an umbrella as a gift to your friend or a married couple与avoid之间是被动关系，所以用含有情态动词的被动语态should be avoided。故填be avoided。 7．考查介词。句意：这是因为在中文里与“伞”对应的词听起来像另一个中文词，意思是“分开”。correspond to是固定短语，意为“与……相对应”，所以此处用介词to。故填to。 8．考查动词时态。句意：这是因为在中文里与“伞”对应的词听起来像另一个中文词，意思是“分开”。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，先行词是another Chinese word，是单数，所以谓语动词用means。故填means。 9．考查名词。句意：如果你知道要避免什么以及如何表现，你就可以避免尴尬。此处作spare的宾语，应用名词形式embarrassment，embarrassment表示“尴尬”时是不可数名词。故填embarrassment。 10．考查副词。句意：要注意禁忌会随着时间而改变。有些过去不能被容忍的行为现在可能被接受了。根据语境及now可知，此处表示时间上“以前”，所以用副词before。故填before。 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In Sichuan Province, long-time resident French artist Vincent Cazeneuve, is integrating traditional Chinese lacquerware (漆器) skills with techniques taken from Western modern art into his creations. Born in Toulouse, Vincent has been living in southwest China for more than a decade. With the influence of French artists Jean Dunand and Gaston Suisse, his journey to unravel the secrets of Chinese lacquerware and his fascination for lacquer art started. “I studied their artworks and often wondered why they used Chinese lacquer. In those days, lacquer could not be found in France.” said the artist. Native to Asia, lacquer trees are planted and tapped for their liquid. It is almost impossible to find lacquer trees in Europe. So, instead of continually transporting lacquer back to France, Vincent chose to send himself to China. Having explored his connections with lacquer over the years, the artist also learned a range of techniques, which he integrated into his own artworks. To dive deep into the art of lacquerware, Vincent traveled to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (自治州) in Sichuan Province, where lacquer craftsmanship is famous. In fact, he actually met two lacquerware craftsmen, who taught him almost everything they knew. “I used to know about lacquerware of Yi just by looking at it. But I had never seen the Yi people before. I have never heard their language. I've never seen their villages. It’s only when I came here that I felt the power of their culture.” said Vincent. This field trip gave the artist new inspiration for his exhibition. After seeing Vincent’s exhibition, Liu Guanzhong, a professor at the School of Fine Arts of Tsinghua University said, “What he presents is China in his eyes. Vincent has explored a path: the ideas of a modern artist, but rooting the ancient skills in modern life. He finds new soil for an old seed to bloom into a new flower.” 1．What is Vincent devoted to according to the text? (no more than 15 words) 2．What does the underlined word “unravel” in paragraph 2 mean? (1 word) 3．Why did Vincent travel to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture? (no more than 10 words) 4．How did the field trip to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture benefit Vincent? (no more than 15 words) 5．In your opinion, what should artists do to develop art better? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Vincent is devoted to integrating traditional Chinese lacquerware with Western modern art techniques. 2．Discover/Uncover/Unfold/Reveal/Explore. 3．To learn more about lacquer craftsmanship. 4．It made him understand Yi culture and get new inspiration for his exhibition. 5．Artists should explore diverse cultures and techniques to enrich their creative expressions. 【导语】本文是一篇人物专访，文章介绍了法国艺术家文森特・卡泽纳夫（Vincent Cazeneuve）在中国四川的艺术探索经历，他将中国传统漆器技艺与西方现代艺术技法相融合，深入研究彝族漆器工艺，并从中获得创作灵感，其作品体现了对中西艺术结合的探索。 【详解】1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“In Sichuan Province, long-time resident French artist Vincent Cazeneuve, is integrating traditional Chinese lacquerware skills with techniques taken from Western modern art into his creations. (在四川省，长期居住的法国艺术家文森特・卡泽纳夫（Vincent Cazeneuve）正将中国传统漆器技艺与西方现代艺术技法融入自己的创作中)”可知，文森特致力于将中国传统漆器技艺与西方现代艺术技法相结合，故答案为Vincent is devoted to integrating traditional Chinese lacquerware with Western modern art techniques. 2．考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段“his journey to … the secrets of Chinese lacquerware and his fascination for lacquer art started (他开始了……中国漆器秘密的旅程，并且对漆器艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣)”可知划线词下文提到了中国漆器秘密的旅程，还提到了对漆器艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣，可推理出“unravel”在这里是 “揭开、发现、探索”等意思，故答案为Discover/ Uncover/ Unfold/ Reveal/ Explore. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“To dive deep into the art of lacquerware, Vincent traveled to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, where lacquer craftsmanship is famous. (为了深入研究漆器艺术，文森特前往四川省凉山彝族自治州，那里的漆器工艺闻名遐迩)”可知，文森特去凉山彝族自治州是为了更多地了解漆器工艺，故答案为To learn more about lacquer craftsmanship. 4．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“It’s only when I came here that I felt the power of their culture. (只有当我来到这里，我才感受到他们文化的力量)”以及第六段“This field trip gave the artist new inspiration for his exhibition. (这次实地考察为这位艺术家的展览带来了新的灵感)”可知，这次凉山之行让他了解了彝族文化，并为他的展览获得了新灵感，故答案为It made him understand Yi culture and get new inspiration for his exhibition. 5．考查阅读表达。根据文章第一段“In Sichuan Province, long-time resident French artist Vincent Cazeneuve, is integrating traditional Chinese lacquerware skills with techniques taken from Western modern art into his creations. (在四川省，长期居住的法国艺术家文森特・卡泽纳夫（Vincent Cazeneuve）正将中国传统漆器技艺与西方现代艺术技法融入自己的创作中)”、第四段“To dive deep into the art of lacquerware, Vincent traveled to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, where lacquer craftsmanship is famous. (为了深入研究漆器艺术，文森特前往四川省凉山彝族自治州，那里的漆器工艺闻名遐迩)”以及第六段“This field trip gave the artist new inspiration for his exhibition. (这次实地考察为这位艺术家的展览带来了新的灵感)”可知，文森特融合中西艺术、深入研究传统文化并获得灵感，可推理出艺术家应探索多样的文化与技法，以丰富其艺术表达，故答案为Artists should explore diverse cultures and techniques to enrich their creative expressions. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义与分类 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词、关系副词和介词＋关系代词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 [归纳用法] 关系代词 指代 在从句中所作的成分 是否省略 who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能省略。作宾语、表语和状语时可以省略。 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人/物 定语 注意在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况 [观察典例] Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? This is the first two­storey bus that runs in our city. Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for. Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? [归纳用法] 1．当先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something，everything，nothing等词时。 2．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3．当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the right等修饰时。 4．当先行词既有人又有物时。 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1．when引导的定语从句 [观察典例] I can not forget the day when I first saw you. The old man still remembers the time when he first travelled by plane. Please tell us the date when you were born. [归纳用法] when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。先行词通常是time，day，week，year 等。 2．where引导的定语从句 [观察典例] This is the house where they lived a week ago. Japan is one of the few countries where people drive on the left. Is this the place where it happened? [归纳用法] where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。先行词通常是place，street，house，city，country 以及一些抽象意义的名词，如 point，case，position，condition，situation等。 3．why引导的定语从句 [观察典例] The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. Can you explain the reason why you don't help him? [归纳用法] why指原因或理由，在从句中作原因状语。先行词是reason。 [名师点津] 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词＋which”结构： ①when＝on (in，at，during ...)which ②where＝in (at，on ...)which ③why＝for which 非限制性定语从句 一、非限制性定语从句及其引导词 非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，与先行词之间有逗号隔开，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍概念清晰、结构完整。 非限制性定语从句的引导词有who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where；that和why不可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，则用who，whose，whom；先行词指物，要用which，whose；先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。 二、使用非限制性定语从句的情况 1．关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。 The Diaoyu Island belongs to China，as is known to all.众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。 A middle­aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。 2．当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名、地名等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从句。 China，which is my motherland，is developing fast.中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。 Eason，who was a pop star，got married last year.伊森去年结婚了，他是一位流行歌星。 三、as，which引导的非限制性定语从句 1．两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。 The meeting was put off，as/which was exactly what we wanted.会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。 He was a doctor，as/which I knew from his manner.他是一名医生，我是从他的举止中知道的。 2．as，which的不同点 (1)as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 As is known to all，fish can't live without water.众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存。 Air，as we know，is gas.正如我们所知，空气是气体。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，which后的be动词不可省略；而as后的be动词可以省略。 She told me she won the match，which was a lie.她告诉我她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言。 The material is elastic，as (was) shown in the figure.这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示。 (3)which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语；而as作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be，seem，become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl，which delighted him.他看见了那个女孩，这让他很高兴。 He didn't say anything at the meeting，as/which seemed very strange.他在会议上一言未发，这看起来非常奇怪。 (4)as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有：as we know(众所周知)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is often the case(情况常常如此)；as we all can see(正如我们看到的)；as is announced/expected/known/imagined/ mentioned/said/shown/reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 As is known to all，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 Kate was late for school，as often happened.凯特上学迟到了，正如经常发生的那样。 (5)在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代主句中的某一个单词，as不可以。 My brother enjoys playing basketball，which he really plays well.我哥哥喜欢打篮球，他打得非常好。 Beijing，which he was born in，is our capital.北京，他出生的地方，是我们的首都。 (6)“介词＋关系代词(介宾代物)”中关系代词只能用which。 The Travel Agency，with which our company has been dealing for several years，has opened new branches.那家与我们公司交易了好几年的旅行社开了新的分店。 Air is a mixture of gases，of which oxygen forms 21 percent.空气是各种气体的混合物，其中氧气占了21%。 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 除了有无逗号的不同之外，这两类定语从句还有一些区别。 1．关系词的选用 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达：He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 2．所修饰的先行词 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected. 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 3．关系词的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、状语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days (that/which) we spent together in college. 我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(that/which在定语从句中作宾语) She is not the one (that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 4．英译汉时的语序，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success. 那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 一.单句语法填空 1．When the girl studied in England，she lived with a host family members always helped her. 2．I was amazed at the number of people visited the Forbidden City on Saturday. 3．The man is talking about the teachers and things encouraged him greatly in school. 4．The International Red Cross is an organization purpose is to help the sick and the needy. 5．The man is talking with my father is a policeman. 6．The professor you wish to see has gone abroad. 7．Do you have anything is important to tell me? 8．A shop should keep a stock of those goods sell best. 9．Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. 10．The boys are playing football are on the playground. 二.单句语法填空 1．Self­driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 2．But it was also a time there were many great philosophers. 3．Do you know the reason he was late yesterday? 4．There are times personal feelings can't be allowed to intrude. 5．The main reason he lost his job was that he had had an arguement with the boss. 6．Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the first time? 7．She's got herself into a dangerous situation she's likely to lose her life. 8．Is this the museum the exhibition was held? 9．I have forgotten the date you told me. 10．That is the reason I want to know. 三.单句语法填空 1．Julie grew up in a key middle school in her city， her parents both taught Chinese. 2． always，the children stole the show. 3． is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth once every month. 4．My aunt， you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business. 5．This is the reason he took apart the machine. 6．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of uses it differently. 7．This is the farm we picked apples last year. 8．She gave another piece of advice， I think is of great help to the research work. 9．She showed the visitors around the museum， construction had taken more than three years. 10．Do you still remember the summer holiday we made a journey to Beijing? 四.短文语法填空 Mary，1. drawings were shown at the exhibition last month，is a model student，2. is often praise for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall，our eyes were caught by a very large picture，3. was hung on the wall in front of us.The horse 4. was drawn in the picture was 5. (exact) like a real horse.The man 6. was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 7. I had ever seen，and I should say Mary is the best young painter that I have ever heard of.However，you will be quite 8. (mistake) if you think that Mary was born a good painter.One of her 9. (teacher) told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing until she became the best young painter 10. has ever been heard of in her hometown. 语法填空 A （24-25高二下·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Modern farms are increasingly automated — from GPS-controlled combine harvesters to machines that shake apples from trees. One task, though, seems stubbornly 1 (resist) to being handed to robots: picking grapes. Like all soft fruit, grapes have a narrow window of 2 (ripe), and are easy to being crushed if picked by clumsy metallic fingers. Matters are worse if the fruit 3 (intend) for fine wine. A project at Saffron Grange vineyard in Essex, however, aims to change some minds. Engineers working with Extend Robotics, are building a grape-picking robot 4 (equip) with visual sensors powered by AI to tell when fruit is ripe, and pressure sensitive fingers 5 (grasp) and cut bunches（串）from vines 6 having to shake any fruit loose. The project is still in its early stages. The current version of the robot has to be awkwardly controlled in real-time — by a pilot wearing a VR headset. The owners of Saffron Grange vineyard 7 (provide) leaf, grape and juice samples to train the AI systems already and committed to planting half a field of vines（葡萄藤） 8 the robot can run freely. Robotic help would be a blessing for the vineyard. Harvest time is short and intense — a ten-day intensive activity when 9 typical English vineyard's staff will swell five-fold. With a robot, Paul Harrison, the vineyard's manager, imagines 10 (turn) grape-picking into a 24-hour operation by hiring skilled laborers in Australia who could dial into the VR controls and pick grapes remotely, after his local workers have clocked off for the day. B （24-25高二下·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A taboo is social behaviour that is not allowed. There are many different taboos around the world, few of 1 are universal. They often vary from society to society. Taboos are usually related to certain items or people. Those who broke taboos are likely 2 (feel) upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others, 3 the situation will also be awkward for the people around them. When you meet people from different cultures, it is important to understand what you cannot do. If you are not aware of the differences, which may seem 4 (important) to us, some strange things might happen. For example, in China, 5 (give) an umbrella as a gift to your friend or a married couple, except when it is actually raining, should 6 (avoid). This is because the word that corresponds 7 "umbrella" in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which 8 (mean) "to separate". Before you travel to a new country, it is a good idea to find out about the local taboos. If you know what to avoid and how to behave, you will spare yourself 9 (embarrass). Mind that taboos change with the times. Some behaviour that was not tolerated 10 might be accepted now. 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In Sichuan Province, long-time resident French artist Vincent Cazeneuve, is integrating traditional Chinese lacquerware (漆器) skills with techniques taken from Western modern art into his creations. Born in Toulouse, Vincent has been living in southwest China for more than a decade. With the influence of French artists Jean Dunand and Gaston Suisse, his journey to unravel the secrets of Chinese lacquerware and his fascination for lacquer art started. “I studied their artworks and often wondered why they used Chinese lacquer. In those days, lacquer could not be found in France.” said the artist. Native to Asia, lacquer trees are planted and tapped for their liquid. It is almost impossible to find lacquer trees in Europe. So, instead of continually transporting lacquer back to France, Vincent chose to send himself to China. Having explored his connections with lacquer over the years, the artist also learned a range of techniques, which he integrated into his own artworks. To dive deep into the art of lacquerware, Vincent traveled to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (自治州) in Sichuan Province, where lacquer craftsmanship is famous. In fact, he actually met two lacquerware craftsmen, who taught him almost everything they knew. “I used to know about lacquerware of Yi just by looking at it. But I had never seen the Yi people before. I have never heard their language. I've never seen their villages. It’s only when I came here that I felt the power of their culture.” said Vincent. This field trip gave the artist new inspiration for his exhibition. After seeing Vincent’s exhibition, Liu Guanzhong, a professor at the School of Fine Arts of Tsinghua University said, “What he presents is China in his eyes. Vincent has explored a path: the ideas of a modern artist, but rooting the ancient skills in modern life. He finds new soil for an old seed to bloom into a new flower.” 1．What is Vincent devoted to according to the text? (no more than 15 words) 2．What does the underlined word “unravel” in paragraph 2 mean? (1 word) 3．Why did Vincent travel to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture? (no more than 10 words) 4．How did the field trip to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture benefit Vincent? (no more than 15 words) 5．In your opinion, what should artists do to develop art better? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $