精品解析：浙江宁波中学2025-2026学年高二下学期五月英语质量检测题

宁波中学2025学年第二学期高二5月质量检测英语试卷 全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2．答题时，请按照答题纸上”注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. Where does the man prefer to go for further study? A. Italy. B. France. C. Ireland. 2. What is the man going to do this Saturday? A. Go swimming. B. Go hiking. C. Go to a library. 3. Who is the man talking to? A. His aunt. B. The headmaster. C. A school bus driver. 4. Where were the speakers in the morning? A. In a theatre. B. In a shopping center. C. In a restaurant. 5. What does the man think of the weather? A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Upsetting. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. When will the wedding cake be served? A. At 4:00 p.m. B. At 8:00 p.m. C. At 8:30 p.m. 7. What will the man’s cousin do at the wedding? A. Organize the dinner. B. Play in the live band. C. Take care of the music. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A. History. B. Science. C. Social studies. 9. Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A. The class have known a lot about him. B. Another group has chosen to study him. C. His personal life is not attractive enough. 10. Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A. Elon Musk. B. Nikola Tesla. C. Thomas Edison. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What’s the man? A. A radio host. B. A shop assistant. C. A supermarket manager. 12. Where did the woman meet the kind girl? A. In a parking lot. B. At Sam’s house. C. Outside a supermarket. 13. What’s the woman going to do? A. Find the girl. B. Pay for the bag. C. Pass on the kindness. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Where is the woman going to volunteer? A. In Central America. B. In Europe. C. In South Africa. 15. What will the woman mainly do as a volunteer? A. Take photos. B. Access information. C. Cook for the team. 16. What does the woman pay the charity for? A. Flight tickets. B. Living expenses C. Research equipment. 17. How does the woman feel? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Bored. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. Why did Alpine farmers originally use cowbells? A. To decorate the cattle. B. To track their cattle. C. To celebrate traditions. 19. What is mentioned about the tone of cowbells? A. Farmers change the tone yearly. B. Each cowbell has a different tone. C. The tone represents the size of the cow. 20. Why are Swiss cowbells expensive? A. They are made of costly metals. B. They were produced long ago. C. They are handmade and culturally significant. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Student Volunteer Opportunities — Spring Semester Project Time Location Primary Duties Requirements (2023‒2025) Trend Library Digitization Weekdays, 1‒3 p.m. University Main Library Scan rare books; catalog metadata Basic computer skills; attention to detail 85% Campus Green Guide Fridays, 2‒4 p.m. Botanical Garden Lead tours; explain plant ecology Keen interest in environmental science; articulate. Solid literacy. 65% Community Coding Coach Sat, 9:30‒11:30 a.m. City Youth Center Teach Scratch/Python to kids (8‒12) programming foundation; enthusiasm for teaching 92% Application & Notes: ●Apply exclusively at: volunteer.uni.edu ●Deadline: February 10th. Late applications reviewed only if spots remain. ●All volunteers completing 30+ hours receive a formal certificate and an eligible-for-reference letter. ●For Coding Coach: Mandatory online pedagogy training on Feb 15th (2‒4 p.m.). Absence necessitates rescheduling with the coordinator. ●Note for International Students: Library Digitization project may involve handling century-old materials; allergy to dust/mold is a consideration. 1. What is a common requirement for applying to any of the volunteer projects? A. Being available on weekends. B. Having prior teaching experience. C. Submitting an online application. D. Passing a preliminary skills test. 2. Why is the “Note for International Students” specifically mentioned for the Library Digitization project? A. To indicate the project requires advanced language skills. B. To highlight a potential health consideration for participants. C. To show the project is only open to domestic students. D. To emphasize the historical value of the materials. 3. What can be inferred from the “Participation Trend” data? A. The Coding Coach position is the most competitive to get. B. The Green Guide project has seen a steady decline in popularity. C. All projects have consistently high enrollment rates. D. The Library project requires the fewest weekly hours. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了春季学期三项学生志愿活动的时间、地点、工作内容、报名要求及参与热度，同时说明了统一线上报名渠道、截止日期、专项培训安排与留学生相关注意事项等申请须知。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Application & Notes:”部分中“●Apply exclusively at: volunteer.uni.edu(仅限在以下网址申请：volunteer.uni.edu)”可知，所有项目都只能在线上指定网站提交申请。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Application & Notes:”部分中“●Note for International Students: Library Digitization project may involve handling century-old materials; allergy to dust/mold is a consideration.(国际学生注意事项：图书馆数字化项目可能涉及处理百年古籍；要考虑对灰尘/霉菌过敏。)”可知，项目需要接触百年旧材料，要注意是否对灰尘/霉菌过敏，过敏属于潜在健康风险，该提示是为参与者点明此项志愿存在潜在健康方面的注意事项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格最后一列“(2023-2025)Trend”可知，每个项目的参与趋势数值分别是：“Library Digitization(图书馆数字化)”85%、“Campus Green Guide(校园绿色向导)”65%、“Community Coding Coach(社区编程教练)”92%，数值越高报名热度越高、社区编程教练的占比（92%）是三个项目里最高的，说明该项目参与热度最高、竞争最激烈。 B To live a long and healthy life, it’s not enough to just eat well and exercise regularly. You must also nurture your psychological well-being. Let’s start with relationships. The Harvard Study of Adult Development, the longest in-depth study of human life ever done, has followed participants for decades. It shows that high-quality relationships are key predictors of long-life health and well-being. For example, men with more positive social relationships are more involved in their community and have a lower risk of depression and better cognition in later life. “People we’re close to help us find solutions to problems and control difficult emotions,” says Schultz, one of the researchers. Just being near people calms the body in important ways. This is because close relationships positively affect our hormones (荷尔蒙), immune systems and even how our genes are expressed. When people are in good relationships, their wounds heal more quickly. Studies show that a stronger immune system is linked to having more friends, suggesting that sociability can help make the immune system stronger and more youthful. Having close friendships also appears to change the activity of genes responsible for aging and several systems that help our bodies cope with stress. Loneliness is bad for our health. Its emotional pain can produce the same stress response as a long-term medical condition and lead to swelling and reduced immunity. To tackle loneliness, clinical psychologist Katherine Schaffer recommends two steps: find a way to contribute to someone else’s life and let others contribute to yours. “Letting people do the same for you can have a great impact on how you connect with others and your attitude to loneliness,” she says. 4. What does the Harvard Study reveal about sound relationships? A. They can cure depression in old age. B. Their benefits are more noticeable in men. C. Better health outcomes are linked to them. D. They are the most important factors for a long life. 5. According to paragraph 4, what is a benefit of good friendships? A. They can prevent the process of aging. B. They can make the immune system stronger. C. They reduce stress by changing stress-related genes. D. They help wounds heal faster by boosting hormone levels. 6. What does Katherine Schaffer suggest to handle loneliness? A. Focusing on contributing to others. B. Engaging in mutual support with others. C. Avoiding any dependence on other people. D. Accepting others’ contributions unconditionally. 7. What should be a suitable title for the text? A. The Power of Relationships B. The Harm of Loneliness and Stress C. The Importance of Diet and Exercise D. The Harvard Study on Adult Development 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】文章基于哈佛成人发展研究，介绍了高质量人际关系对健康长寿的关键作用，并提出了通过双向支持应对孤独的具体建议。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It shows that high-quality relationships are key predictors of long-life health and well-being. (它表明，高质量的人际关系是长寿健康和幸福感的关键预测因素。)”可知，哈佛研究揭示，良好的健康结果与健全的人际关系相关。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies show that a stronger immune system is linked to having more friends, suggesting that sociability can help make the immune system stronger and more youthful. (研究表明，更强的免疫系统与拥有更多朋友相关，这表明社交有助于增强免疫系统并使其更年轻。)”可知，良好的友谊能使免疫系统更强健。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To tackle loneliness, clinical psychologist Katherine Schaffer recommends two steps: find a way to contribute to someone else’s life and let others contribute to yours. (为解决孤独问题，临床心理学家Katherine Schaffer提出了两个建议：一是找到一种方式为他人的生活做出贡献，二是让他人也为你的生活做出贡献。)”可知，她建议通过专注于为他人做出贡献来应对孤独。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“To live a long and healthy life, it’s not enough to just eat well and exercise regularly. You must also nurture your psychological well-being. Let’s start with relationships. (要过上长寿且健康的生活，仅仅吃得健康、定期锻炼是不够的。你还需要关注自己的心理健康。让我们先从人际关系谈起。)”可知，文章基于哈佛成人发展研究，介绍了高质量人际关系对健康长寿的关键作用，包括改善心理健康、增强免疫系统、减缓衰老，并提出了通过双向支持应对孤独的具体建议。因此，最适合本文的标题是“人际关系的力量”。 C Earlier in his advertising career, McCann global CEO Tyler Turnbull worked for Canadian telecom firm Rogers. “They were one of those clients that you love or hate,” he recalled. “I loved them because you got to do so much work — it was stressful and 24/7.” The office is not the only place where Turnbull appreciates a challenge that pushes his skills to the limit. On weekends during the winter, you’ll find him on the mountains of Ontario. He skied two days a week and kept up the hobby all over the world, from France to Italy to Alberta’s Banff National Park. Now a dad himself, Turnbull has continued the skiing tradition with his kids, 11 and 9, beginning when they were preschoolers. But sticking with the sport has helped the Turnbull family bond over not just the excitement of skiing down a mountain, but during the chairlift ride up. “It’s a one-to-one time, no digital devices. We have lots of good, uninterrupted time.” On Saturday mornings from November to March, both of his kids attended competitive programs, which inspired Turnbull and the other parents to hire their own instructor for two-hour Dad Park Lessons. Going strong for five years now, the dads train in freestyle skiing, which essentially turns a mountain into a skate park: large-scale jumps, boxes and other obstacles. While Turnbull believes in the value of being uncomfortable in the service of progress, whether in his career or on the slopes ( 滑雪坡), the challenge isn’t always about finding a mountain that’s higher or sharper. To him, there’s value in making the same journey again and again. “If you’re skiing the same run every day for 20 years, it’s different every time based on the conditions,” he said, a reminder to stay alert and adaptable. Turnbull also sets a goal for each run by asking himself, “What am I going for?” Whether it’s seeing how fast he can get to the bottom, fitting in a certain number of turns, which jump to hit, whether to dip into a set of trees — the terrain is familiar, yet new. “You can make the most of any situation, just by what you’re willing to try and do.” 8. What can be concluded about Turnbull’s work for Rogers? A. It showed a balanced office culture B. It allowed flexible working hours. C. It emphasized physical strength. D. It required full commitment. 9. What impact does skiing have on Turnbull’s family? A. It deepens family connection. B. It bridges generation gap. C. It weakens digital competence. D. It eases preschool anxiety. 10. What does Turnbull value most when skiing the same run repeatedly? A. Setting a higher career goal. B. Keeping cautious and flexible. C. Fueling efficiency in discomfort. D. Shaping character in new conditions. 11. Which of the following best describes Turnbull? A. Innovative. B. Learned. C. Reflective. D. Reserved. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了Turnbull的滑雪爱好及感悟。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I loved them because you got to do so much work — it was stressful and 24/7.(我喜欢它们，因为你有很多工作要做——压力很大，而且要全天候待命)”可知，Turnbull在Rogers的工作需要全身心投入。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But sticking with the sport has helped the Turnbull family bond over not just the excitement of skiing down a mountain, but during the chairlift ride up. “It’s a one-to-one time, no digital devices. We have lots of good, uninterrupted time.”(但坚持这项运动不仅帮助Turnbull一家在滑雪下山的兴奋中建立了联系，而且在乘坐缆车上山的过程中也建立了联系。“这是一对一的时间，没有数字设备。我们有很多不受打扰的美好时光。”)”可知，滑雪加深了Turnbull的家庭联系。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“While Turnbull believes in the value of being uncomfortable in the service of progress, whether in his career or on the slopes ( 滑雪坡), the challenge isn’t always about finding a mountain that’s higher or sharper. To him, there’s value in making the same journey again and again. “If you’re skiing the same run every day for 20 years, it’s different every time based on the conditions,” he said, a reminder to stay alert and adaptable.(虽然Turnbull相信，无论是在职业生涯中还是在滑雪坡上，为了进步而感到不舒服是有价值的，但挑战并不总是要找到一座更高或更陡峭的山。对他来说，一次又一次地走同样的路是有价值的。他说：“如果你20年来每天都滑同一条雪道，每次的情况都会不同。”这也时刻提醒着他，要时刻保持警觉、学会随机应变)”可知，Turnbull认为反复滑同一条雪道最重要的是保持谨慎和变通。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Turnbull also sets a goal for each run by asking himself, “What am I going for?” Whether it’s seeing how fast he can get to the bottom, fitting in a certain number of turns, which jump to hit, whether to dip into a set of trees — the terrain is familiar, yet new. “You can make the most of any situation, just by what you’re willing to try and do.”(每次滑行前，Turnbull都会给自己定下一个小目标，问问自己：“这次我要挑战什么？”无论是比拼冲下山的速度、完成规定次数的转弯、挑战特定跳台，还是滑进林间小道 —— 脚下的地形虽熟悉，每一次尝试都有全新体验。“只要愿意大胆尝试、勇于行动，你就能在任何境遇中活出最好的自己。”)”可知，Turnbull善于反思，能从滑雪中得出感悟。 D As advancements in AI continue to unfold, robots are emerging as a transformative force in the elderly care industry across China. With innovations ranging from feeding robots to those designed for recovery and hygiene (卫生) assistance, an increasing range of age-friendly tech products is being introduced to support seniors. These cutting-edge solutions are making up for traditional family-based care models, announcing a new era in the way we approach elder care. Recently, cities such as Shanghai and Xi’an, have launched innovative smart elderly care initiatives aimed at enhancing the combined development of elderly care services and related industries. This move came in response to the rising interest in smart elderly care. Many nursing homes in Chinese cities are now integrating intelligent care robots into their operations. For example, at a home care center in Fuzhou, a group of seniors averaging 86 years old are enjoying a more convenient and dynamic lifestyle thanks to the introduction of “smart nannies.” Among the cutting-edge technologies being employed to assist seniors with disabilities are robotic “caregivers,” multifunctional transfer bed-chairs, and fall-detection alarms. In 2024, a resident from Shenzhen, Guangdong, surnamed Xia, invested nearly 30,000 yuan in a toileting care robot for his 80-year-old bedridden grandfather, which can help him stand and walk for toileting. It can automatically sense needs and perform fully automated processes. Since its introduction, this toileting care robot has greatly eased the caregiving burden on family members. “It’s much less exhausting now. When the drain water tank is full, we just empty the wastewater and refill it with clean water,” Xia said. He expressed hope for more walking-assist robots, noting that the high cost of current models remains a barrier for many families. Chen Zhengxiang, an AI model trainer based in Suzhou, East China’s Jiangsu Province, has conducted research in many nursing homes across the country. He told the Global Times that current robots on the market still have shortcomings in human-robot interaction. For instance, they struggle to recognize commands spoken in local dialects, and their emotional interactions remain at a programmed response level. 12. What is mainly talked about in the first paragraph? A. Robots are transforming Chinese industry. B. Tech products help the elderly live longer. C. Elderly care robots see growing popularity. D. AI speeds up the production of care robots. 13. What can robots at a home care center in Fuzhou do? A. Help doctors operate on the sick elderly. B. Pick seniors up who fall to the ground. C. Make nursing homes easily accessible. D. Move seniors in a more convenient way. 14. What does the underlined word “bedridden” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Having limited mobility. B. Abandoned to diseases. C. Lack of consciousness. D. Unable to express oneself. 15. What does the author want to stress about elderly car robots in the last paragraph? A. Extensive market prospects. B. The room for improvement. C. The difficulty in training them. D. Potential application in nursing. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍人工智能技术推动下，各类养老机器人在中国逐步应用，缓解养老压力，同时也指出了现存的不足。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“As advancements in AI continue to unfold, robots are emerging as a transformative force in the elderly care industry across China. With innovations ranging from feeding robots to those designed for recovery and hygiene (卫生) assistance, an increasing range of age-friendly tech products is being introduced to support seniors. (随着人工智能的不断发展，机器人正成为中国养老行业的变革力量。从喂食机器人到康复和卫生辅助机器人，越来越多的适老化科技产品被推出以帮助老年人。)”可知，第一段主要讲养老机器人越来越受关注、应用越来越广泛。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example, at a home care center in Fuzhou, a group of seniors averaging 86 years old are enjoying a more convenient and dynamic lifestyle thanks to the introduction of “smart nannies.” Among the cutting-edge technologies being employed to assist seniors with disabilities are robotic “caregivers,” multifunctional transfer bed-chairs, and fall-detection alarms. (例如，在福州的一家养老中心，得益于“智能保姆”的引入，一群平均86岁的老人享受着更便捷、更有活力的生活。用于帮助失能老人的前沿技术包括机器人“护理员”、多功能移位床椅和跌倒检测报警器。)”可知，这些机器人能更方便地移动老人，帮助他们生活。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“In 2024, a resident from Shenzhen, Guangdong, surnamed Xia, invested nearly 30,000 yuan in a toileting care robot for his 80-year-old bedridden grandfather, which can help him stand and walk for toileting.(2024年，广东深圳一位夏姓居民为他80岁、卧床不起的祖父花费近3万元购买了一台如厕护理机器人，它可以帮助老人站立和行走如厕。)”可知，这位老人需要机器人辅助站立、行走和如厕，说明他行动不便、长期卧床，因此bedridden意为“行动能力受限”。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“He told the Global Times that current robots on the market still have shortcomings in human-robot interaction. For instance, they struggle to recognize commands spoken in local dialects, and their emotional interactions remain at a programmed response level.(他告诉《环球时报》，目前市场上的机器人在人机交互方面仍存在不足。例如，它们难以识别方言指令，情感交互也停留在程序响应层面。)”可知，作者在最后一段强调养老机器人还存在技术缺陷，有很大的改进空间。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Your Musical Preference Gives Insights into How You Think A study out of Cambridge found that your musical preferences can give insights into how you think. The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. ____16____ An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. Cognitive style may seem like an unusual way to group people, but the researchers found that it worked well. “Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. ____17____ To study a somewhat unusual subject, they took a somewhat unique route: They gathered data through Facebook. Over 4,000 people participated through the myPersonality app by first taking a personality assessment. Later, they listened to and rated 50 musical pieces. For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rock, R&B country, and folk. ____18____ Further, they tended to enjoy music that had low energy, negative emotions, or emotional depth. From these characteristics, the researchers identified several songs that would be ideal for empathizers: “Hallelujah” by Jeff Buckley, “Come away with me” by Norah Jones, and “All of me” by Billie Holiday. ____19____ They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. From this, the researchers believed that “Concerto in C” by Antonio Vivaldi, “Etude Opus 65 No. 3” by Alexander Scriabin, and “Enter Sandman” by Metallica would be ideal songs for systemizers. ____20____ “A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotify and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual’s thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” A. But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. B. These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. C. Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. D. Based on the findings, researchers recommend particular styles for different people. E. It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. F. He argued that musical preferences reflect clear characteristics such as age and personality. G. He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. A 19. C 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究表明，人的音乐偏好能反映其思维模式，共情型偏爱柔和音乐，系统型偏爱复杂激烈的音乐，该发现可帮助音乐流媒体平台优化个性化推荐算法。 【16题详解】 前文“The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. (这项研究的重点是一种特殊的人格理论，即共情-系统化(E-S)理论)”提到研究涉及的E-S理论，后文“An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. (共情型人格倾向于关注和回应他人的情绪，而系统型人格则喜欢分析世界中的规则和模式)”详细说明两类人格对应的思维风格，此处需解释E-S理论中的分类方式，因此E项“It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. (它根据人们倾向于共情或系统化思维将人分组)”符合语境，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的the Empathizing-Systemizing Theory。故选E。 【17题详解】 前文““Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. (“尽管人们的音乐选择会随时间变化，但我们已经发现一个人的共情能力和思维方式可以预测他们喜欢的音乐类型，”该研究负责人、博士生David Greenberg在一份声明中表示)”提到David Greenberg的研究发现，说明E-S理论可用于预测音乐类型的偏好，此处需补充Greenberg的观点，因此G项“He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. (他认为人们的认知风格比性格更能预测其音乐偏好)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的He指代前文的David Greenberg。故选G。 【18题详解】 前文“For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rock, R&B country, and folk. (研究发现，共情能力得分较高的人通常更喜欢轻柔摇滚、节奏蓝调乡村音乐和民谣)”指出高共情者偏好柔和风格，此处可能会补充其不喜欢的音乐类型，因此A项“But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. (但他们不喜欢朋克、重金属等激烈音乐)”符合语境，和前文构成转折。故选A。 【19题详解】 上一段描述高共情者的音乐偏好，后文“They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. (他们青睐强烈激昂的音乐，对柔和简约的曲风则兴趣索然。他们的音乐倾向于高能量，或积极的情绪，也具有高度的深度和复杂性)”详细描述系统型人格者的音乐偏好，此处需指出这类人群总的特点，因此C项“Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. (而系统化思维高分者的偏好完全相反)”符合语境，和上一段构成转折，统领后文内容。故选C。 【20题详解】 后文““A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotify and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual’s thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” (Greenberg说：“很多钱被投入到算法中，用来选择你可能想听的音乐，比如在Spotify和Apple Music上。通过了解个人的思维方式，这些服务将来可能能够针对个人调整音乐推荐。”)”主要指出研究思维方式可以用于平台的音乐推荐优化，此处应总的说明研究价值，因此B项“These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. (这些发现可能对音乐产业特别有用)”符合语境，契合后文内容，其中的these findings指代前文的研究结论。故选B。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide _____21_____ information that’s extremely valuable to our clients. But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you _____22_____ the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always _____23_____. Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them: 1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants. “How well do you think we delivered on your project?” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, _____24_____ to ask, “How did we deliver on your project?” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias. 2. Balance the options from which participants can choose. Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the _____25_____ is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work: • Extremely satisfied • Very satisfied • Satisfied • Somewhat unsatisfied • Unsatisfied As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) _____26_____ option in the middle of the scale. 3. Don’t lead the witness or participant. Again, if you’re seeking _____27_____ and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to _____28_____ in a certain way. _____29_____, my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think?” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think. 4. Avoid double-barrel questions. Be mindful about including two questions in one and _______30_______ how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question. They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The _______31_______ of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together. 5. Don’t write coercive questions. These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer _______32_______ surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided _______33_______. Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that _______34_______ biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) _______35_______ way for your participants to answer. 21. A. quantitative B. controversial C. mysterious D. proper 22. A. craft B. pave C. tempt D. anchor 23. A. delightful B. dominant C. accurate D. independent 24. A. repeat B. rephrase C. restore D. refresh 25. A. portion B. category C. thread D. scale 26. A. random B. informative C. sacred D. neutral 27. A. instinct B. gratitude C. truth D. harmony 28. A. reverse B. respond C. deny D. compete 29. A. In addition B. For instance C. After all D. Above all 30. A. limiting B. spilling C. inserting D. distracting 31. A. integrity B. endurance C. exploitation D. highlight 32. A. discrimination B. satisfaction C. transition D. perseverance 33. A. on good terms B. by no means C. at all costs D. to some extent 34. A. conserves B. entitles C. seals D. includes 35. A. isolated B. objective C. selected D. reflective 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述设计调查问卷时需避免诱导性问题，确保问题中立、客观，以获取真实有效的数据。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也知道，调查可以提供量化的信息，这些信息对我们的客户来说极具价值。A. quantitative量化的；B. controversial有争议的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. proper适当的。根据上文 “I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development.”可知，作者经验一家市场调研公司，而市场调查通常关注可量化的数据，如评分、数量。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但通过调查获得的数据质量，完全取决于你设计调查问题的水平。A. craft精心设计；B. pave铺就；C. tempt引诱；D. anchor锚定。根据上文“so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development.”可知，收集目标受众数据并用于产品开发很重要，因此需要精心设计问卷的问题，才能收集到有价值的信息。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到团队常犯的一个主要错误是设计诱导性问题，这些问题可能会让公司得到他们想听的结果，但这些结果往往并不准确。A. delightful令人愉快的；B. dominant主导的；C. accurate准确的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear”可知，团队设计的问题有诱导性，因此得到的数据是被误导之下得到的，会与真实数据有偏差，即并不真实准确。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更客观，可以重新措辞为“我们在您的项目中表现如何？”这个细微的调整消除了隐含的偏见。A. repeat重复；B. rephrase重新措辞；C. restore恢复；D. refresh刷新。根据上文“How well do you think we delivered on your project?”及下文“How did we deliver on your project?”可知，下文将上文的问题做了调整变化，即重新措辞变成新的问题进行问卷调查。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果采用多选题形式，你需要确保量表在积极和消极反馈之间保持平衡。A. portion部分；B. category类别；C. thread线索；D. scale量表。根据下文“for both positive and negative responses”可知，这里积极与消极回应是指评分“量表”的平衡性，即好坏的衡量标准。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，如果在积极端使用“极其”，那么消极端也应该有“极其”，并在量表中部设置一个中立的选项。A. random随机的；B. informative信息丰富的；C. sacred神圣的；D. neutral中立的。根据下文“in the middle of the scale.”可知，好坏评价标准要在量表中间，即设计一个中立的选项。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：重申一下，如果你追求的是真相，而且你本就应该清楚为什么要做这个调查，就不应该在问题前加入引导性陈述，以免参与者被诱导给出特定回答。A. instinct本能；B. gratitude感激；C. truth真相；D. harmony和谐。根据下文“you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place”可知，我们明确知道为何要做这个调查，因为要收集目标受众真实的数据，才能用于产品开发。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：重申一下，如果你追求的是真相，而且你本就应该清楚为什么要做这个调查，就不应该在问题前加入引导性陈述，以免参与者被诱导给出特定回答。A. reverse逆转；B. respond回答；C. deny否认；D. compete竞争。根据上文“you don’t want to put statements in front of a question”可知，不用在问题前加入引导性陈述，为的是避免参与者给出提问人想要的回答，导致得到的数据不真实。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词短语辨析。句意：例如，我们公司与教育科技公司有大量合作。A. In addition此外；B. For instance例如；C. After all毕竟；D. Above all最重要的是。根据下文“my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market.”可知，下文给出了一个特定的关于诱导性问卷的例子。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要注意避免在一个问题中包含两个问题，这会限制参与者的回答方式。A. limiting限制；B. spilling溢出；C. inserting插入；D. distracting分散注意力。根据上文“Be mindful about including two questions in one”可知，将两个问题合并在一个问题中，会导致参与者对两个问题只能给出一个答案，即限制参与者对两个问题给出两个回答。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你把多个问题混在一起时，收集到的数据完整性就会受到影响。 A. integrity完整性；B. endurance耐力；C. exploitation剥削；D. highlight亮点。根据上文“What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?”以及“They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters.”可知，将对于场地和演讲者的评价放在一个问题中，导致参与者只能统一回答喜欢或是讨厌，但实际两个问题答案不一致，导致最终得到的数据是不完整的，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据我的经验，这类问题最常出现在客户满意度调查和员工调查中，特别是当你想要突出积极面的时候。A. discrimination歧视；B. satisfaction满意度；C. transition过渡；D. perseverance毅力。根据下文““You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?””可知，这个问卷设计的问题，很明显在要求参与者给出正面积极或是肯定的答复，这些问题常见于询问客户“满意度”调查中，是诱导性问题，即诱导客户给出肯定答复，以表示满意。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这些问题都充满了偏见，所以应该不惜一切代价避免它们。A. on good terms关系良好；B. by no means绝不；C. at all costs不惜一切代价；D. to some extent在某种程度上。根据上文“coercive questions.”可知，本段给出的建议是“拒绝胁迫式提问”，因此这里是不惜一切代价避免这类问题，呼应本段主题。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想获得包含偏见的数据，是的，诱导性问题确实能帮你得到这些数据点。A. conserves保存；B. entitles赋予权利；C. seals密封；D. includes包含。根据下文“yes, leading questions can help you get those data points.”可知，诱导信问卷会导致带有偏差的回答，因此这里指，若问题带有偏差，则数据会“包含”偏差。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是当你不以客观的方式写问题让参与者回答时，数据的完整性就不可信了。A. isolated孤立的；B. objective客观的；C. selected精选的；D. reflective反思的。根据上文“ yes, leading questions can help you get those data points.”可知，若问题带有偏差，则数据会“包含”偏差，所以要以客观中立的方式设计问题。故选B。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply ____36____ (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is ____37____ source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Chinese philosophy, ____38____ (particular) Daoism, views water as the model for cosmic (宇宙的) and social order. Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC, ____39____ (believe) humans should live in harmony with nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating ____40____ its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent. In Chinese art, the landscape concept of "shanshui" combines mountains — representing ____41____ (still), and water — representing change, symbolizing the harmony ____42____ brevity (短暂 ) and continuity in nature. Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems ____43____ reflect the anatomy (解剖) of an ox, ____44____ (display) the human-nature balance. Water demonstrates our connection to nature and reminds us of ____45____ (environment) crises, like polluted rivers. They highlight the importance of remembering our ancestral ties to this essential element. 【答案】36. involved 37. a 38. particularly 39. believes 40. how 41. stillness 42. between 43. that##which 44. displaying 45. environmental 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了水在中国文化、哲学、艺术及建筑中的象征意义及作用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，水是代表自然与和谐的基本象征，深深融入哲学与神话之中。本空在句中作状语，且involve与逻辑主语water之间是被动关系，用过去分词involved。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是古代思想家和平的源泉，在中国艺术和建筑中被认为是具有审美力量的，将人类世界与自然世界融为一体。此处表示泛指“一个和平的源泉”，source以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：中国哲学，特别是道家，将水视为宇宙和社会秩序的典范。本空在句中修饰Daoism，作状语，用副词particularly“特别地，尤其”。 【39题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：道家形成于公元前6世纪，认为人类应该与自然的“道”——生命的自然流动——和谐相处。句子描述的一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Daoism为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数believes。 【40题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：《道德经》强调水的美德，说明水的品质如何在很大程度上塑造和指导社会生活和个人行为的原则。本空引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，用连接副词how。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：在中国艺术中，“山水”的景观概念结合了山——代表静止，和水——代表变化，象征着自然中短暂与连续的和谐。本空在句中作representing的宾语，用名词stillness“静止”。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：在中国艺术中，“山水”的景观概念结合了山——代表静止，和水——代表变化，象征着自然中短暂与连续的和谐。between...and...是固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：例如宏村这样的中国古代建筑，融入契合牛躯体轮廓的水系，展现人与自然的平衡。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词water systems，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which或that。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代建筑，如宏村，整合了反映牛解剖结构的水系统，展示了人与自然的平衡。本空在句中作结果状语，表示前面整合水系统所导致的结果，用现在分词displaying，表示自然而然的结果。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：水展示了我们与自然的联系，并提醒我们注意环境危机，如河流污染。本空在句中修饰名词crises，用形容词environmental“环境的”，作定语。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是某中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。 (相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。) 100个单词 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 To stand out from ChatGPT, high school students should focus on developing critical thinking and emotional intelligence. While ChatGPT can process vast data, it lacks genuine human judgment and empathy. We must learn to question information sources and solve complex, real-world problems creatively. Furthermore, developing unique skills in arts, sports, or hands-on crafts is crucial. These areas require human passion and physical interaction, which AI cannot replicate. Finally, cultivating strong interpersonal and leadership skills will be invaluable. In the future, the ability to collaborate, inspire, and understand human needs will be our greatest competitive advantage. 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生就高中生应培养哪些知识技能以与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争发表观点，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 解决：solve → address/settle 人际交往的：interpersonal → social 协作：collaborate → cooperate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In the future, the ability to collaborate, inspire, and understand human needs will be our greatest competitive advantage. 拓展句：In the future, the ability to collaborate, inspire, and understand human needs will be our greatest competitive advantage, as it distinguishes us from machines and algorithms. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While ChatGPT can process vast data, it lacks genuine human judgment and empathy. (运用while引导的让步状语从句) [高分句型2] These areas require human passion and physical interaction, which AI cannot replicate. (运用which引导的定语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 David, a primary school student, worked as a volunteer at the soup kitchen in his community park. It was another Saturday, and David was busy working alongside other volunteers, distributing food to the homeless. Towards the end of the volunteer shift, Jack — the head volunteer, sighed, “Without more donations, we might not have enough to feed them next month.” When David heard this, his heart tightened. A heavy sense of worry settled in him as he wondered what he could do to help the homeless. Suddenly he spotted dozens of aluminum (铝) cans thrown near the soup kitchen. A brilliant idea flashed through his mind: “What if I collect and sell these cans to the scrap (废弃的 )metal dealer to raise money for the soup kitchen?” Upon finishing his work, David hurried home. Excitement mixed with determination grew inside him as he rushed to share his idea with his parents. To his delight, they were both quick to support him. The next day, David started visiting businesses near his home - cafes, shops and offices with a big smile, politely asking for any spare aluminum cans to collect for charity fundraising. Surprisingly, most businesses agreed. And by the end of the week, he had collected hundreds of cans and piled them up in his family’s garage (车库)! The following Saturday morning, as David sorted through the cans, a new worry washed over him. They took up far more space than he’d expected, like a mountain. The garage was already crowded, and there was simply no room for more. He frowned, deep in thought, “How could I make them smaller to save space?” Kicking an empty can in frustration, he watched it roll toward his dad’s car. Just then, he remembered that once, by accident, how a car tire had crushed (挤压) a can completely flat. “That’s it!” he breathed, a warm light of hope returning to his eyes. 注意: (1) 续写词数应为150个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 David rushed to find his dad and begged him for help _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Holding the $100 he’d earned, David hurried to the soup kitchen. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 David rushed to find his dad and begged him for help. “Dad, can you use your car to crush the cans? They take up too much space!” His father nodded, and together they headed for the garage. David set about sorting the cans into neat piles, and then his dad drove slowly over each pile to flatten them. After packing all the cans, they drove to the scrap metal firm to sell them. With the$100 from the dealer, David felt a genuine satisfaction and asked his dad to drop him off at the community park. Holding the $100 he’d earned, David hurried to the soup kitchen. Pushing open the door, David stepped inside and headed directly towards Jack who was busy distributing food. He held out the money and said, “Jack, I’ve collected cans to raise $100 for our charity.” Jack stepped forward in surprise, hugged him and took the money gently. “It’s so kind of you, David! Your help will make a real difference to the homeless!” Surrounded by the volunteers’ admiring looks, David felt his chest well with warmth. It turned out to be another fulfilling Saturday for him. 【解析】 【导语】本文以大卫为社区施粥站筹款的经历为线索展开，讲述了小学生大卫在社区施粥站做志愿者时，得知施粥站捐赠不足，便想到收集铝罐卖钱筹款，得到父母支持后收集了大量铝罐，因空间不足想到用汽车挤压铝罐，最终卖掉铝罐赚到100美元，为施粥站提供帮助，收获温暖与满足的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段写大卫向爸爸求助，父子俩一起用汽车挤压铝罐、打包，然后开车去废品站卖掉，大卫赚到100美元，满心满足。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段写大卫拿着赚到的100美元赶到施粥站，交给负责人杰克，得到大家的赞赏，大卫感受到温暖与充实。 2. 续写线索：求助爸爸——挤压铝罐——打包售卖——赚到钱——赶到施粥站——上交钱款——得到赞赏——收获温暖 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①挤压：crush/flatten ②前往：head for/walk toward/make for 情绪类 ①满足：satisfaction/fulfillment ②惊讶：surprise/astonishment 【点睛】[高分句型1] Pushing open the door, David stepped inside and headed directly towards Jack who was busy distributing food.（运用了现在分词短语作状语以及关系代词who引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] Surrounded by the volunteers’ admiring looks, David felt his chest well with warmth.（运用了过去分词短语作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 宁波中学2025学年第二学期高二5月质量检测英语试卷 全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2．答题时，请按照答题纸上”注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. Where does the man prefer to go for further study? A. Italy. B. France. C. Ireland. 2. What is the man going to do this Saturday? A. Go swimming. B. Go hiking. C. Go to a library. 3. Who is the man talking to? A. His aunt. B. The headmaster. C. A school bus driver. 4. Where were the speakers in the morning? A. In a theatre. B. In a shopping center. C. In a restaurant. 5. What does the man think of the weather? A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Upsetting. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. When will the wedding cake be served? A. At 4:00 p.m. B. At 8:00 p.m. C. At 8:30 p.m. 7. What will the man’s cousin do at the wedding? A. Organize the dinner. B. Play in the live band. C. Take care of the music. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A. History. B. Science. C. Social studies. 9. Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A. The class have known a lot about him. B. Another group has chosen to study him. C. His personal life is not attractive enough. 10. Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A. Elon Musk. B. Nikola Tesla. C. Thomas Edison. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What’s the man? A. A radio host. B. A shop assistant. C. A supermarket manager. 12. Where did the woman meet the kind girl? A. In a parking lot. B. At Sam’s house. C. Outside a supermarket. 13. What’s the woman going to do? A. Find the girl. B. Pay for the bag. C. Pass on the kindness. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Where is the woman going to volunteer? A. In Central America. B. In Europe. C. In South Africa. 15. What will the woman mainly do as a volunteer? A. Take photos. B. Access information. C. Cook for the team. 16. What does the woman pay the charity for? A. Flight tickets. B. Living expenses C. Research equipment. 17. How does the woman feel? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Bored. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. Why did Alpine farmers originally use cowbells? A. To decorate the cattle. B. To track their cattle. C. To celebrate traditions. 19. What is mentioned about the tone of cowbells? A. Farmers change the tone yearly. B. Each cowbell has a different tone. C. The tone represents the size of the cow. 20. Why are Swiss cowbells expensive? A. They are made of costly metals. B. They were produced long ago. C. They are handmade and culturally significant. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Student Volunteer Opportunities — Spring Semester Project Time Location Primary Duties Requirements (2023‒2025) Trend Library Digitization Weekdays, 1‒3 p.m. University Main Library Scan rare books; catalog metadata Basic computer skills; attention to detail 85% Campus Green Guide Fridays, 2‒4 p.m. Botanical Garden Lead tours; explain plant ecology Keen interest in environmental science; articulate. Solid literacy. 65% Community Coding Coach Sat, 9:30‒11:30 a.m. City Youth Center Teach Scratch/Python to kids (8‒12) programming foundation; enthusiasm for teaching 92% Application & Notes: ●Apply exclusively at: volunteer.uni.edu ●Deadline: February 10th. Late applications reviewed only if spots remain. ●All volunteers completing 30+ hours receive a formal certificate and an eligible-for-reference letter. ●For Coding Coach: Mandatory online pedagogy training on Feb 15th (2‒4 p.m.). Absence necessitates rescheduling with the coordinator. ●Note for International Students: Library Digitization project may involve handling century-old materials; allergy to dust/mold is a consideration. 1. What is a common requirement for applying to any of the volunteer projects? A. Being available on weekends. B. Having prior teaching experience. C. Submitting an online application. D. Passing a preliminary skills test. 2. Why is the “Note for International Students” specifically mentioned for the Library Digitization project? A. To indicate the project requires advanced language skills. B. To highlight a potential health consideration for participants. C. To show the project is only open to domestic students. D. To emphasize the historical value of the materials. 3. What can be inferred from the “Participation Trend” data? A. The Coding Coach position is the most competitive to get. B. The Green Guide project has seen a steady decline in popularity. C. All projects have consistently high enrollment rates. D. The Library project requires the fewest weekly hours. B To live a long and healthy life, it’s not enough to just eat well and exercise regularly. You must also nurture your psychological well-being. Let’s start with relationships. The Harvard Study of Adult Development, the longest in-depth study of human life ever done, has followed participants for decades. It shows that high-quality relationships are key predictors of long-life health and well-being. For example, men with more positive social relationships are more involved in their community and have a lower risk of depression and better cognition in later life. “People we’re close to help us find solutions to problems and control difficult emotions,” says Schultz, one of the researchers. Just being near people calms the body in important ways. This is because close relationships positively affect our hormones (荷尔蒙), immune systems and even how our genes are expressed. When people are in good relationships, their wounds heal more quickly. Studies show that a stronger immune system is linked to having more friends, suggesting that sociability can help make the immune system stronger and more youthful. Having close friendships also appears to change the activity of genes responsible for aging and several systems that help our bodies cope with stress. Loneliness is bad for our health. Its emotional pain can produce the same stress response as a long-term medical condition and lead to swelling and reduced immunity. To tackle loneliness, clinical psychologist Katherine Schaffer recommends two steps: find a way to contribute to someone else’s life and let others contribute to yours. “Letting people do the same for you can have a great impact on how you connect with others and your attitude to loneliness,” she says. 4. What does the Harvard Study reveal about sound relationships? A. They can cure depression in old age. B. Their benefits are more noticeable in men. C. Better health outcomes are linked to them. D. They are the most important factors for a long life. 5. According to paragraph 4, what is a benefit of good friendships? A. They can prevent the process of aging. B. They can make the immune system stronger. C. They reduce stress by changing stress-related genes. D. They help wounds heal faster by boosting hormone levels. 6. What does Katherine Schaffer suggest to handle loneliness? A. Focusing on contributing to others. B. Engaging in mutual support with others. C. Avoiding any dependence on other people. D. Accepting others’ contributions unconditionally. 7. What should be a suitable title for the text? A. The Power of Relationships B. The Harm of Loneliness and Stress C. The Importance of Diet and Exercise D. The Harvard Study on Adult Development C Earlier in his advertising career, McCann global CEO Tyler Turnbull worked for Canadian telecom firm Rogers. “They were one of those clients that you love or hate,” he recalled. “I loved them because you got to do so much work — it was stressful and 24/7.” The office is not the only place where Turnbull appreciates a challenge that pushes his skills to the limit. On weekends during the winter, you’ll find him on the mountains of Ontario. He skied two days a week and kept up the hobby all over the world, from France to Italy to Alberta’s Banff National Park. Now a dad himself, Turnbull has continued the skiing tradition with his kids, 11 and 9, beginning when they were preschoolers. But sticking with the sport has helped the Turnbull family bond over not just the excitement of skiing down a mountain, but during the chairlift ride up. “It’s a one-to-one time, no digital devices. We have lots of good, uninterrupted time.” On Saturday mornings from November to March, both of his kids attended competitive programs, which inspired Turnbull and the other parents to hire their own instructor for two-hour Dad Park Lessons. Going strong for five years now, the dads train in freestyle skiing, which essentially turns a mountain into a skate park: large-scale jumps, boxes and other obstacles. While Turnbull believes in the value of being uncomfortable in the service of progress, whether in his career or on the slopes ( 滑雪坡), the challenge isn’t always about finding a mountain that’s higher or sharper. To him, there’s value in making the same journey again and again. “If you’re skiing the same run every day for 20 years, it’s different every time based on the conditions,” he said, a reminder to stay alert and adaptable. Turnbull also sets a goal for each run by asking himself, “What am I going for?” Whether it’s seeing how fast he can get to the bottom, fitting in a certain number of turns, which jump to hit, whether to dip into a set of trees — the terrain is familiar, yet new. “You can make the most of any situation, just by what you’re willing to try and do.” 8. What can be concluded about Turnbull’s work for Rogers? A. It showed a balanced office culture B. It allowed flexible working hours. C. It emphasized physical strength. D. It required full commitment. 9. What impact does skiing have on Turnbull’s family? A. It deepens family connection. B. It bridges generation gap. C. It weakens digital competence. D. It eases preschool anxiety. 10. What does Turnbull value most when skiing the same run repeatedly? A. Setting a higher career goal. B. Keeping cautious and flexible. C. Fueling efficiency in discomfort. D. Shaping character in new conditions. 11. Which of the following best describes Turnbull? A. Innovative. B. Learned. C. Reflective. D. Reserved. D As advancements in AI continue to unfold, robots are emerging as a transformative force in the elderly care industry across China. With innovations ranging from feeding robots to those designed for recovery and hygiene (卫生) assistance, an increasing range of age-friendly tech products is being introduced to support seniors. These cutting-edge solutions are making up for traditional family-based care models, announcing a new era in the way we approach elder care. Recently, cities such as Shanghai and Xi’an, have launched innovative smart elderly care initiatives aimed at enhancing the combined development of elderly care services and related industries. This move came in response to the rising interest in smart elderly care. Many nursing homes in Chinese cities are now integrating intelligent care robots into their operations. For example, at a home care center in Fuzhou, a group of seniors averaging 86 years old are enjoying a more convenient and dynamic lifestyle thanks to the introduction of “smart nannies.” Among the cutting-edge technologies being employed to assist seniors with disabilities are robotic “caregivers,” multifunctional transfer bed-chairs, and fall-detection alarms. In 2024, a resident from Shenzhen, Guangdong, surnamed Xia, invested nearly 30,000 yuan in a toileting care robot for his 80-year-old bedridden grandfather, which can help him stand and walk for toileting. It can automatically sense needs and perform fully automated processes. Since its introduction, this toileting care robot has greatly eased the caregiving burden on family members. “It’s much less exhausting now. When the drain water tank is full, we just empty the wastewater and refill it with clean water,” Xia said. He expressed hope for more walking-assist robots, noting that the high cost of current models remains a barrier for many families. Chen Zhengxiang, an AI model trainer based in Suzhou, East China’s Jiangsu Province, has conducted research in many nursing homes across the country. He told the Global Times that current robots on the market still have shortcomings in human-robot interaction. For instance, they struggle to recognize commands spoken in local dialects, and their emotional interactions remain at a programmed response level. 12. What is mainly talked about in the first paragraph? A. Robots are transforming Chinese industry. B. Tech products help the elderly live longer. C. Elderly care robots see growing popularity. D. AI speeds up the production of care robots. 13. What can robots at a home care center in Fuzhou do? A. Help doctors operate on the sick elderly. B. Pick seniors up who fall to the ground. C. Make nursing homes easily accessible. D. Move seniors in a more convenient way. 14. What does the underlined word “bedridden” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Having limited mobility. B. Abandoned to diseases. C. Lack of consciousness. D. Unable to express oneself. 15. What does the author want to stress about elderly car robots in the last paragraph? A. Extensive market prospects. B. The room for improvement. C. The difficulty in training them. D. Potential application in nursing. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Your Musical Preference Gives Insights into How You Think A study out of Cambridge found that your musical preferences can give insights into how you think. The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. ____16____ An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. Cognitive style may seem like an unusual way to group people, but the researchers found that it worked well. “Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. ____17____ To study a somewhat unusual subject, they took a somewhat unique route: They gathered data through Facebook. Over 4,000 people participated through the myPersonality app by first taking a personality assessment. Later, they listened to and rated 50 musical pieces. For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rock, R&B country, and folk. ____18____ Further, they tended to enjoy music that had low energy, negative emotions, or emotional depth. From these characteristics, the researchers identified several songs that would be ideal for empathizers: “Hallelujah” by Jeff Buckley, “Come away with me” by Norah Jones, and “All of me” by Billie Holiday. ____19____ They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. From this, the researchers believed that “Concerto in C” by Antonio Vivaldi, “Etude Opus 65 No. 3” by Alexander Scriabin, and “Enter Sandman” by Metallica would be ideal songs for systemizers. ____20____ “A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotify and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual’s thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” A. But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. B. These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. C. Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. D. Based on the findings, researchers recommend particular styles for different people. E. It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. F. He argued that musical preferences reflect clear characteristics such as age and personality. G. He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide _____21_____ information that’s extremely valuable to our clients. But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you _____22_____ the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always _____23_____. Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them: 1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants. “How well do you think we delivered on your project?” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, _____24_____ to ask, “How did we deliver on your project?” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias. 2. Balance the options from which participants can choose. Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the _____25_____ is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work: • Extremely satisfied • Very satisfied • Satisfied • Somewhat unsatisfied • Unsatisfied As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) _____26_____ option in the middle of the scale. 3. Don’t lead the witness or participant. Again, if you’re seeking _____27_____ and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to _____28_____ in a certain way. _____29_____, my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think?” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think. 4. Avoid double-barrel questions. Be mindful about including two questions in one and _______30_______ how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question. They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The _______31_______ of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together. 5. Don’t write coercive questions. These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer _______32_______ surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided _______33_______. Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that _______34_______ biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) _______35_______ way for your participants to answer. 21. A. quantitative B. controversial C. mysterious D. proper 22. A. craft B. pave C. tempt D. anchor 23. A. delightful B. dominant C. accurate D. independent 24. A. repeat B. rephrase C. restore D. refresh 25. A. portion B. category C. thread D. scale 26. A. random B. informative C. sacred D. neutral 27. A. instinct B. gratitude C. truth D. harmony 28. A. reverse B. respond C. deny D. compete 29. A. In addition B. For instance C. After all D. Above all 30. A. limiting B. spilling C. inserting D. distracting 31. A. integrity B. endurance C. exploitation D. highlight 32. A. discrimination B. satisfaction C. transition D. perseverance 33. A. on good terms B. by no means C. at all costs D. to some extent 34. A. conserves B. entitles C. seals D. includes 35. A. isolated B. objective C. selected D. reflective 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply ____36____ (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is ____37____ source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Chinese philosophy, ____38____ (particular) Daoism, views water as the model for cosmic (宇宙的) and social order. Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC, ____39____ (believe) humans should live in harmony with nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating ____40____ its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent. In Chinese art, the landscape concept of "shanshui" combines mountains — representing ____41____ (still), and water — representing change, symbolizing the harmony ____42____ brevity (短暂 ) and continuity in nature. Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems ____43____ reflect the anatomy (解剖) of an ox, ____44____ (display) the human-nature balance. Water demonstrates our connection to nature and reminds us of ____45____ (environment) crises, like polluted rivers. They highlight the importance of remembering our ancestral ties to this essential element. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是某中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。 (相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。) 100个单词 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 David, a primary school student, worked as a volunteer at the soup kitchen in his community park. It was another Saturday, and David was busy working alongside other volunteers, distributing food to the homeless. Towards the end of the volunteer shift, Jack — the head volunteer, sighed, “Without more donations, we might not have enough to feed them next month.” When David heard this, his heart tightened. A heavy sense of worry settled in him as he wondered what he could do to help the homeless. Suddenly he spotted dozens of aluminum (铝) cans thrown near the soup kitchen. A brilliant idea flashed through his mind: “What if I collect and sell these cans to the scrap (废弃的 )metal dealer to raise money for the soup kitchen?” Upon finishing his work, David hurried home. Excitement mixed with determination grew inside him as he rushed to share his idea with his parents. To his delight, they were both quick to support him. The next day, David started visiting businesses near his home - cafes, shops and offices with a big smile, politely asking for any spare aluminum cans to collect for charity fundraising. Surprisingly, most businesses agreed. And by the end of the week, he had collected hundreds of cans and piled them up in his family’s garage (车库)! The following Saturday morning, as David sorted through the cans, a new worry washed over him. They took up far more space than he’d expected, like a mountain. The garage was already crowded, and there was simply no room for more. He frowned, deep in thought, “How could I make them smaller to save space?” Kicking an empty can in frustration, he watched it roll toward his dad’s car. Just then, he remembered that once, by accident, how a car tire had crushed (挤压) a can completely flat. “That’s it!” he breathed, a warm light of hope returning to his eyes. 注意: (1) 续写词数应为150个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 David rushed to find his dad and begged him for help _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Holding the $100 he’d earned, David hurried to the soup kitchen. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $