专题02 被动语态密码速通（暑假复习讲义）新高一英语人教版

专题02 被动语态密码速通（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般现在时被动语态 考点二 一般过去时被动语态 考点三 一般将来时被动语态 考点四 现在进行时被动语态 考点五 过去进行时被动语态 考点六 现在完成时被动语态 考点七 过去完成时被动语态 考点八 过去将来时被动语态 考点九 将来完成时被动语态 考点十 情态动词被动语态 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注意事项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 He must be prevented from going. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 在make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel 等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。 例如：We heard her sing an English song.（主动） →She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动） 许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。当这些短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. The plan will be given up. ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 一．语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。 典型例句：主动句 1.The slaves built the Great Pyramids long time ago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 典型例句：被动句 2.The Great Pyramids were built (by the slaves) long time ago. 主语（原宾语） 谓语（形式变化） by+执行者（原主语） 状语（不变） 大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。 二．主动语态转换为被动语态 如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。 ①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语 ②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词” 说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。 ③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面 原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。 ④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变 主动句：Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句：The light bulb was invented (by Thomas Edison) in 1879. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。 ①原主动句中的宾语the light bulb变为被动句中的主语。 ②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为was invented。 ③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者Thomas Edison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。 ④状语in 1879的位置不变。 主动句：Mr.Wang delivered this speech.王先生做了演讲。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：This speech was delivered by Mr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语） 主动句：The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games 2790 years ago. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。 被动句：The first Olympic Games were held (by the ancient Greeks) 2790 years ago. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。 考点一 一般现在时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。 主动句：Helen tidies up her room every day.海伦每天整理她的房间。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Helen’s room is tidied up (by Helen) every day.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Helen’s room isn’t tidied up every day. （疑问句）A:Is Helen’s room tidied up every day? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．When the air-conditioner (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. 【答案】is turned 【详解】句意：当空调开启时，细菌会被吹进家中或办公室，导致人生病。主句使用了一般将来时的被动语态，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。从句主语air-conditioner和turn on之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用is turned。 2．When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of heat (reflect) back into space. 【答案】is reflected 【详解】句意：当太阳光线照射到地球时，大量热量被反射回太空。reflect(反射)是谓语动词，与主语heat之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。 3．…its future now several decades before these developments are (expect) to take place. 【答案】expected 【详解】句意：……展望未来，预计这些发展还需要几十年才会发生。此处空格前为助动词are，主语these developments与expect之间为被动关系，需用过去分词expected构成被动语态。 4．According to the traditional Chinese calendar, the Winter Solstice one of the twenty-four solar terms. 按照中国传统历法，冬至被认为是二十四节气之一。 【答案】is regarded as 【详解】通过对比可知，空格处表达“被认为是”，是固定短语be regarded as，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the Winter Solstice是一个节气，因此be动词用is。 5．She is (sing) high praises for in the company because she is always willing to help others. 【答案】sung 【详解】句意：她在公司受到高度赞扬，因为她总是乐于助人。she与sing high praises for之间是被动关系，即她被赞扬，所以用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，sing的过去分词是sung 。 考点二 一般过去时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：The workers made the printer I bought yesterday last month. 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。 被动句： （肯定句）The printer I bought yesterday was made (by the workers) last month. 主语 定语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。 （否定句）The printer I bought yesterday wasn’t made last month. （疑问句）A:Was the printer I bought yesterday made last month? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。 【巩固提升】 1．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. 【答案】was awarded 【详解】句意：据我所知，几天前的会议上，不止一名学生和三位老师受到了表彰。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定；more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；the other day表示“几天前”，需用一般过去时；主语与award之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was awarded。 2．Unluckily, he (injure) when he was cycling along the valley. 【答案】was injured 【详解】句意：不幸的是，他沿着山谷骑车时受伤了。主语he和动词injure是被动关系，应用被动语态，时间状语从句when he was cycling是过去的时间背景，因此主句用一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词，主语he是第三人称单数，故用was injured。 3．Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities (be) completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：尽管这些活动曾声势浩大，但现实是大多数西方城市完全是围绕汽车需求重新规划建造的。让步状语从句用一般过去时were widespread；城市被重新规划是过去既定事实，从句也用一般过去时。the majority of + 复数名词 (cities) 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 4．The feeling of success was no longer (attach) to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. 【答案】attached 【详解】句意：成功的感觉不再与我得到的分数挂钩，而是与学习的纯粹乐趣相关联。The feeling of success与attach“使与……有联系”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。 5．Tom was (admit) into Peking University. 【答案】admitted 【详解】句意：汤姆被北京大学录取了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Tom was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。 考点三 一般将来时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：A repairman will repair his car tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。 比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。be going to+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。 被动句： （肯定句）His car will be repaired (by a repairman) tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。 （否定句）His car will not/won’t be repaired tomorrow morning. （疑问句）A:Will his car be repaired tomorrow morning? B:Yes,it will./No,it won’t. 主动句：They are going to visit the China Millennium Monument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句： （肯定句）The China Millennium Monument is going to be visited (by them). 主语 谓语 中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。 重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。 （否定句）The China Millennium Monument isn’t going to be visited (by them). （疑问句）A:Is the China Millennium Monument going to be visited (by them)? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．It is reported that the project conducted by his research team (complete) next month. 【答案】will be completed 【详解】句意：据报道，他的研究团队开展的这项项目将于下月完工。此处为谓语动词，主语project与complete为被动关系，结合时间状语“next month”可知，此处用一般将来时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为will be completed。 2．More trees (plant) along the river bank next spring to prevent soil erosion. 【答案】will be planted 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：明年春天河岸将会种植更多树木来防止水土流失。设空处为谓语，主语 More trees 与所给动词 plant 之间为被动关系，时间状语 next spring 表将来，需用一般将来时的被动语态 will be planted。故填 will be planted。 3．Only ticket holders will be (admit) into the concert hall. 【答案】admitted 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：只有持票者才能进入音乐厅。主语“ticket holders（持票者）”与动词“admit（允许进入）”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”，所以此处应填admit的过去分词admitted，与前面的will be构成一般将来时的被动语态，故填admitted。 4．The gold medal will (award) to the person who wins first place in the race. 【答案】be awarded 【详解】句意：金牌将授予在比赛中获得第一名的人。主语The gold medal和动词award之间是被动关系，本空用be awarded，与空前的will构成一般将来时的被动语态。 5．The show “Quanzhou Beyond (非常泉州)”, directed by Zhang Yimou, (stage) in Quanzhou’s new cultural center this National Day holiday in 2026. 【答案】will be staged 【详解】句意：由张艺谋导演的节目《非常泉州》将于2026年国庆假期在泉州新文化中心上演。根据时间状语this National Day holiday in 2026可知，本句描述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且主语The show “Quanzhou Beyond (非常泉州) ”与动词stage“上演”之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语用will be staged。 考点四 现在进行时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．Many old buildings (repair) now to protect the local culture. 【答案】are being repaired 【详解】句意：许多古建筑如今正在被修缮，以保护当地文化。now与现在进行时连用，主语buildings与repair是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done；且主语buildings复数，用are being repaired。 2．To enrich people’s spiritual life and promote kindness, a meaningful cultural activity (perform) in the community now. 【答案】is being performed 【详解】句意：为丰富人们的精神生活、弘扬善心，一场有意义的文化活动目前正在社区里被开展。分析句子结构可知，主语a meaningful cultural activity与perform之间是被动关系；句中时间标志词now提示用现在进行时的被动语态，且主语为单数形式，所以应填is being performed。 3．The old building (pull) down these days. 【答案】is being pulled 【详解】句意：这座老建筑这些天正在被拆除。pull down(拆除)作谓语，与主语building之间是被动关系，结合句意和时间状语these days可推知，描述现阶段正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式is being pulled。 4．The room (clean) by my sister at the moment. 【答案】is being cleaned 【详解】句意：此刻我姐姐正在打扫房间。at the moment与现在进行时连用；且room和clean是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，基本结构为：am/is/are + being done，表示“正在被”，主语是名单数，be动词使用is。 5． the children (take) care of by the nurse? 【答案】 Are being taken 【详解】句意：孩子们正在被护士照顾吗？此处考查现在进行时被动语态的一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being done，表示“正在被”；主语children为复数，系动词用are，首字母大写。 考点五 过去进行时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．He hurried home late at night, never once looking back to see if he (follow). 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他深夜匆忙回家，一次也没有回头看自己是否正被跟踪。宾语从句主语 he 与动词 follow 之间为被动关系，根据“never once looking back (一次也没有回头)”可知，此处强调过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填 was being followed。 2．The famous musician, together with his band members, (interview) by the reporter when the power went out. 【答案】was being interviewed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这位著名的音乐家以及他的乐队成员当时正在接受记者的采访，就在这时停电了。此处谓语与The famous musician构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻正在发生，为过去进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was being interviewed。 3．A survey about students’ after-school activities (conduct) by the research team when I visited the education center. 【答案】was being conducted 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当我参观教育中心时，研究团队正在开展一项关于学生课后活动的调查。根据下文“when I visited the education center(当我参观教育中心的时候)”可知，本句时态可用过去进行时表示过去某个时间段正在发生的动作，又因为conduct和主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去进行时的被动语态，即谓语动词用：be动词+being done，又因为主语A survey是第三人称单数形式，所以be动词用was。故答案为was being conducted。 4．The guards were originally hired to watch over the houses as they (reconstruct). 【答案】were being reconstructed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些警卫最初被雇来是在房屋重建期间看管它们。根据上文The guards were originally hired可知，主句为一般过去时，从句动作“重建”与主句动作“雇佣”同时发生，且表示“在……期间”，应用过去进行时。主语the houses与动词reconstruct之间为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were being reconstructed。 5．When we arrived at the garage, our car (repair), so we had to wait another twenty minutes. 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我们到达修车厂时，我们的车正在修理，所以我们不得不再等二十分钟。分析句子可知，句子前半句arrived是一般过去时，表明“到达修理厂” 是过去的某个时间点；后半句“不得不等20分钟”说明当时车子正在被修理，需要用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语our car和动词repair是被动关系（车是“被修理”的对象），因此要使用被动语态（be +过去分词）。our car是单数，be动词用was；repair的现在分词是repairing，过去分词是repaired，结合过去进行时的被动结构，最终填was being repaired。故填was being repaired。 考点六 现在完成时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。 主动句：An unknown virus has just attacked my computer. 主语 谓语 状语 宾语 一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。 被动句： （肯定句）My computer has just been attacked (by an unknown virus). 主语 谓语 状语 by+执行者 我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。 （否定句）My computer hasn’t just been attacked. （疑问句）A:Has your computer just been attacked? B:Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．It (confirm) so far that the event will take place next Friday. 【答案】has been confirmed 【详解】句意：到目前为止，已经确认该活动将于下周五举行。 根据“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语It与confirm之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是It，空处需填has been confirmed。 2．This problem (solve) already, so we don’t need to discuss it again. 【答案】has been solved 【详解】句意：这个问题已经解决，所以我们不需要再讨论它了。根据副词already可知，空处应使用现在完成时，表示动作对现在的影响；solve与单数主语This problem之间为被动关系，应使用被动词态，因此空处应填入现在完成时被动语态has been solved。 3．Up to now, food and water (deliver) to the disaster-stricken area, where many people surviving the disaster are in urgent need of help. 【答案】have been delivered 【详解】句意：到目前为止，食物和水已经被送往灾区，许多灾后幸存的人们急需帮助。时间状语Up to now常与现在完成时连用，主语food and water与谓语动词deliver之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语food and water是复数概念，助动词用have。 4．The list of students who have won awards in the competition (announce) on the school website so far. 【答案】has been announced 【详解】句意：到目前为止，在比赛中获奖的学生名单已经公布在学校网站上了。根据“so far”可知，此处表示从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；且主语The list of students who have won awards in the competition与动词announce之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语中心词为the list，助动词用 has。 5．The classroom (clean) up, so it looks very tidy now. 【答案】has been cleaned 【详解】句意：教室已经被打扫干净了，所以现在看起来非常整洁。此处主语the classroom与动词clean up之间为被动关系，且打扫的动作对现在造成了“教室很整洁”的影响，需用现在完成时的被动语态has been cleaned。 考点七 过去完成时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：They had built fifteen bridges by 2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Fifteen bridges had been built (by them) by 2007. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 说明：by them和by 2007意思不同，by 2007是时间状语，不可以省略。 截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。 （否定句）Fifteen bridges hadn’t been built by 2007. （疑问句）A:Had fifteen bridges been built by 2007? B:Yes,they had./No,they hadn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．All the delicate artifacts (damage) severely by the collapse of the ancient tomb during the excavation process, and the archaeological team had no choice but to suspend their work temporarily. 【答案】were damaged/had been damaged 【详解】句意：在挖掘过程中，古墓坍塌导致所有精致的文物都遭到了严重损坏，考古队别无选择，只能暂时停工。根据后半句had可知，动作发生在过去，可以用一般过去时，也可以用过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，表示一个动作（文物受损）发生在另一个过去动作（停工）之前。主语All the delicate artifacts是复数，与动词damage之间是被动关系，因此既可以用一般过去时的被动语态were damaged，也可以用过去完成时的被动语态had been damaged。 2．A huge Christmas tree (decorate) with mini cars before we got to the hall. 【答案】had been decorated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在我们到达大厅之前，一棵巨大的圣诞树已经用迷你汽车装饰好了。got to the hall是过去的动作，而圣诞树被装饰好发生在got to the hall之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时；A huge Christmas tree与decorate是被动关系，即圣诞树被装饰，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been +过去分词 ”。故填had been decorated。 3．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.   【答案】had been trapped 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险，救出了两名被困山中已达两天的游客。由for two days和risked可知，句子应用过去完成时，即发生在过去的过去，主语who代指two tourists，和动词trap是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been trapped。 4．By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area   (repair) by the local government. 【答案】had been repaired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到上周末为止，山区所有受损的道路都已由当地政府修复完毕。设空处使用动词作谓语，时间状语By last weekend是过去完成时时态标志，主语roads与repair是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been repaired。 5．When the firemen arrived, the big fire (put out) by the local people. 【答案】had been put out 【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：当消防队员到达时，大火已经被当地人扑灭了。时间状语when the firemen arrived为一般过去时，“大火被扑灭”发生在“消防员到达”之前，是过去的过去，且主语和动词是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been put out。 考点八 过去将来时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：Mother said she would punish the naughty boy this evening. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。 说明：本句是将宾语从句she would punish the naughty boy this evening变为被动语态。 被动句： （肯定句）Mother said the naughty boy would be punished this evening (by her). 主语 谓语 宾语 by+执行者 母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。 （否定句）Mother said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished this evening. 【巩固提升】 1．We discussed when the general meeting of the whole staff was (hold). 【答案】to be held 【详解】句意：我们讨论了什么时候召开全体员工大会。此处表示过去将要发生的动作，使用was to do结构，meeting与hold是逻辑被动关系，应用被动语态，即was to be held。 2．It was reported that another bridge was (build) across the river the next year. 【答案】to be built 【详解】考查动词的语态和时态。句意：据报道，第二年将在这条河上再建一座桥。结合时间状语“the next year”和主句的一般过去时可知，build(建造，修建)是过去讨论的将来要去做的事情，应用过去将来时态，结合句意和was，应用be to do结构表示按照计划、安排或官方决定将要去做的事情，且build与主语another bridge之间是被动关系，应用被动语态was to be built。故填to be built。 3．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. 【答案】donated 【详解】考查语态。句意：我们从这次活动中获得的所有资金都将捐赠给慈善机构。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文would be可知为过去将来时的被动语态。故填donated。 4．He said the lucky woman (announce) on the website and the trip would be shared online. 【答案】would be announced 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他说幸运的女人将会在网站上公布，并且这次旅行将会在网上分享。本空是said后宾语从句的谓语，此处表示从过去看将要发生的动作，时态用过去将来时，且主语the lucky woman和announce之间是被动关系，应用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be announced。 5．It was predicted that petrol (replace) by green energy completely in the near future. 【答案】would be replaced 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：根据预测，汽油在不久的将来将会被绿色能源完全取代。根据主句的时态及从句中的in the near future可知，此处应用过去将来时； petrol与replace之间为被动关系，表示“汽油将被取代”，应用被动语态。故填would be replaced。 考点九 将来完成时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 10.过去将来完成时的被动语态 主动句：He said he would have learned many words by 2012. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。 被动句：He said many words would have been learned (by him) by 2012. 主语 谓语 状语 他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。 【巩固提升】 1．By the end of this month, the new library (build) and it will be open to the public soon. 【答案】will have been built 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：到本月底，新图书馆将建成，很快就会对公众开放。时间状语“By the end of this month”表示的是将来的时间，译为“到本月底”，应与将来完成时连用，且主语library与build是被动关系，此处需用将来完成时的被动语态。故填will have been built。 2．It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge amounts of good earth (wash) away due to cutting down too many trees. 【答案】will have been washed 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，由于砍伐了太多树木，大量的沃土将会被冲走。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“by the end of this year”可知，此处表示未来完成的时间点，谓语动词需用将来完成时；主语“huge amounts of good earth”与动词“wash away”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；将来完成时的被动语态结构为“will have been +过去分词”，wash的过去分词为washed。故填will have been washed。 3．—Are you going to the movies tonight? —Yes, by then my homework (finish). 【答案】will have been finished 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你今晚打算去看电影吗？——是的，到那时我的作业就会完成了。句中by then（到那时）指的是 “今晚去看电影的时候”，表示未来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，需用将来完成时；homework与finish是被动关系，因此用将来完成时的被动语态。故填will have been finished。 4．By the time the applicant makes up his mind, the offer (cancel). 【答案】will have been cancelled 【详解】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意：等到申请人下定决心的时候，offer将已经被取消了。主语offer和动词cancel之间是被动关系，结合时间状语By the time the applicant makes up his mind可知，此处表示在将来某个时间以前已经完成的动作，用将来完成时的被动语态，故填will have been cancelled。 5．The mayor says that all construction work for the worldwide fair (complete) by 2030. 【答案】will have been completed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：市长表示，到2030年，世界博览会的所有建设工作都将完成。根据“by 2030”和says可知，市长说的时候2030年为将来，that引导的宾语从句时态应用将来完成时。谓语动词complete意为“完成”，和that引导的宾语从句的主语“all construction work”构成被动关系，句子用将来完成时的被动语态。故填will have been completed。 考点十 情态动词的被动语态 【知识精讲】 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。 其被动语态句型如下： 肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词…… 否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词…… 疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？ 主动句：We can design objects in 3D on the computer very easily. 我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。 被动句： （肯定句）Objects in 3D can be designed on the computer very easily. （否定句）Objects in 3D can’t be designed on the computer very easily. （疑问句）A:Can objects in 3D be designed on the computer very easily? B:Yes,they can./No,they can’t. 主动句：You must hand in your homework this afternoon. 今天下午你必须交作业。 被动句： （肯定句）Your homework must be handed in this afternoon. （否定句）Your homework needn’t be handed in this afternoon. （疑问句）A:Must my homework be handed in this afternoon? B:Yes,it must./No,it needn’t. 主动句：I have to do the job myself.我不得不自己做这份工作。 被动句： （肯定句）The job has to be done by myself. （否定句）The job hasn’t to be done by myself. （疑问句）A:Has the job to be done by myself? B:Yes,it has to./No,it hasn’t to. 注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,it has.（误）B:No,it hasn’t. 主动句：All of us ought to obey the rule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。 被动句： （肯定句）The rule ought to be obeyed (by all of us). （否定句）The rule ought not be obeyed (by all of us). （疑问句）A:Ought the rule to be obeyed (by all of us)? B:Yes,it ought to./No,it oughtn’t to. 【巩固提升】 1．The new evidence must (admit) before the final judgment is made. 【答案】be admitted 【详解】句意：在做出最终判决之前，新的证据必须被采纳。 主语The new evidence与动词admit之间是被动关系； 情态动词must后接动词原形，被动结构为must be + 过去分词。 2．The plan should (adjust) to satisfy the customer. 【答案】be adjusted 【详解】句意：这项计划应当做出调整以满足客户需求。情态动词should后接动词原形，plan与adjust之间为被动关系，需用情态动词被动结构should be done，所以此处为be adjusted。 3．The customer suggested that the package (deliver) before noon. 【答案】should be delivered/be delivered 【详解】句意：这位顾客建议包裹在中午之前送达。此处suggest表示建议，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”，主语the package与deliver为被动关系，所以谓语动词为(should) be delivered。 4．As far as I'm concerned, traditional classes can’t (replace) by online ones. 【答案】be replaced 【详解】句意：在我看来，传统的课堂教学无法被线上教学所取代。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且can’t后跟动词原形。 5．Despite this opposition, the book raised global awareness about how easily nature can (harm). 【答案】be harmed 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：尽管存在这样的反对意见，但这本书还是让全世界都意识到了自然环境是多么容易受到破坏。自然是被破坏，句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，空格处用be harmed。故填be harmed。 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 London’s Chinese food scene was once centered around Cantonese dishes. However, it 1 (witness) a remarkable transformation over the past decade, from traditional Cantonese restaurants to 2 diverse range of regional Chinese cuisines, driven by Londoners’ 3 (grow) curiosity about real regional flavors. Hotpot restaurants, 4 the diners could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine, such as the popular chain “Spice Kingdom,” have become a major trend. These restaurants 5 (skillful) combine traditional recipes with creative cooking techniques, attracting both locals 6 tourists. Meanwhile, noodle shops specializing (专攻) in hand-pulled varieties and offering convenient services, like “Noodle Master,” are gradually gaining popularity. At “Sichuan Spice House,” a top-rated restaurant, chilies (辣椒) usually 7 (source) directly from Sichuan’s farmlands to ensure the original strong fiery flavor. The owner, Ms. Li, explains, “While adapting to local preferences by adjusting spice levels slightly, we focus on keeping the genuine recipes 8 (pass) down from older generations.” She insists 9 thorough ingredient selection, which ensures quality and sets her restaurant apart from competitors. The 10 (rich) of food choices in London reflects a broader cultural shift, creating more opportunities for cultural exchange. With its diverse offerings, London is becoming a true global hub for Chinese cuisine. 【答案】1．has witnessed 2．a 3．growing 4．where 5．skillfully 6．and 7．are sourced 8．passed 9．on/upon 10．richness 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了曾经以粤菜为中心的伦敦中餐界开始选择各种各样的中国地方菜，这反映了更广泛的文化转变，为文化交流创造了更多机会。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，在过去十年里，伦敦人对真正的地方风味日益增长的好奇心推动下，它见证了一场引人注目的转变，从传统的粤菜餐厅到各种各样的中国地方菜。根据时间状语“over the past decade”可知句子使用现在完成时，主语it表示单数意义，助动词使用has，故填has witnessed。 2．考查冠词。句意：同上。a diverse range of“各种各样的”，故填a。 3．考查形容词。句意：同上。空处修饰名词curiosity，应填形容词作定语，故填growing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：火锅店，食客可以享受到真正的四川菜，如流行的连锁“香料王国”，已经成为一种主要趋势。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hotpot restaurants，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 5．考查副词。句意：这些餐厅巧妙地将传统食谱与创新烹饪技术结合起来，吸引了当地人和游客。空处修饰动词combine，应填副词作状语，故填skillfully。 6．考查连词。句意：同上。both…and…“……和……”是固定短语，故填and。 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在顶级餐厅“四川辣子馆”，辣椒通常直接取自四川的农田，以确保原汁原味的浓烈辣味。结合usually可知句子是描述经常发生的事情，且主语chilies和动词source之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填are sourced。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：店主李女士解释说：“虽然我们会根据当地人的喜好稍微调整一下香料的含量，但我们注重保留老一代传下来的正宗食谱。”pass和genuine recipes之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填passed。 9．考查介词。句意：她坚持全面的食材选择，这确保了质量，并使她的餐厅在竞争对手中脱颖而出。insist on/upon“坚持”，故填on/upon。 10．考查名词。句意：伦敦丰富的食物选择反映了更广泛的文化转变，为文化交流创造了更多机会。空处作主语，前面有冠词修饰，应用名词形式，故填richness，故填richness。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 13th Taoli Cup was held in Beijing last August and featured 200 programmes 1 (divide) into six sections according to style, including classical Chinese dance, Chinese folkdance, ballet and contemporary (现代的) dance. Students 2 (represent) 64 schools from 27 cities and provinces participated, making it the largest event in the cup’s history. According to Xu Rui, president of the Beijing Dance Academy, 15 performances will be held in 11 cities between May and November. Students from over 10 art schools 3 participated in the 13th Taoli Cup, including those from the Beijing Dance Academy, the Central Academy of Drama, the Nanjing University of the Arts and Hangzhou Normal University, will take part 4 the tour. Before each performance, the 5 (winner) of major awards in previous editions, among them star dancers like Wang Yabin, Hua Xiaoyi and Wang Zihan, will introduce 6 history of the Taoli Cup and the pieces to be staged. “In the past 40 years, the competition 7 (be) a key platform (平台) for young dancers 8 (show) their skill and be seen by a wider audience. Many young Chinese dancers shot to stardom after winning the competition, and have become top dancer-choreographers (舞蹈编导) today. They have taken leading roles in dance productions in theatres, and have created their own work, promoting the 9 (develop) of the dance scene in China by growing a large fan base for the art, 10 (especial) among the young,” says Xu. 【答案】1．divided 2．representing 3．who/that 4．in 5．winners 6．the 7．has been 8．to show 9．development 10．especially 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了第十三届桃李杯去年8月在北京举行，共有200个节目，根据风格分为六个部分，包括中国古典舞、中国民间舞、芭蕾和现代舞。来自27个省市的64所学校的学生参加了比赛，这是杯届赛史上规模最大的比赛。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：第十三届桃李杯去年8月在北京举行，共有200个节目，根据风格分为六个部分，包括中国古典舞、中国民间舞、芭蕾和现代舞。该句谓语动词为featured，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰programmes，programmes和divide为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填divided。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自27个省市的64所学校的学生参加了比赛，这是世界杯历史上规模最大的比赛。该句谓语动词为participated，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰Students，Students和represent为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填representing。 3．考查定语从句。句意：参加第十三届桃李杯的来自北京舞蹈学院、中央戏剧学院、南京艺术大学、杭州师范大学等十多所艺术院校的学生将参加此次巡演。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是Students，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 4．考查介词。句意：参加第十三届桃李杯的来自北京舞蹈学院、中央戏剧学院、南京艺术大学、杭州师范大学等十多所艺术院校的学生将参加此次巡演。固定短语take part in“参加”。故填in。 5．考查名词复数。句意：每次演出前，包括王亚斌、华晓怡、王子涵等舞蹈明星在内的历届主要奖项得主将介绍桃李杯的历史和即将上演的作品。winner是可数名词，结合后面“among them star dancers like Wang Yabin, Hua Xiaoyi and Wang Zihan”可知，数量大于一，应用复数名词。故填winners。 6．考查冠词。句意：每次演出前，包括王亚斌、华晓怡、王子涵等舞蹈明星在内的历届主要奖项得主将介绍桃李杯的历史和即将上演的作品。根据句意以及空后history为名词可知，此处为特指“桃李杯的历史”，应用定冠词the，表特指。故填the。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的40年里，这项比赛一直是年轻舞者展示自己技能和被更多观众看到的关键平台。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据In the past 40 years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语the competition为单数名词，助动词使用has。故填has been。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的40年里，这项比赛一直是年轻舞者展示自己技能和被更多观众看到的关键平台。此处为动词不定式to do，作后置定语，修饰platform，a platform to do…“一个……的平台”。故填to show。 9．考查名词。句意：他们在剧院的舞蹈作品中担任主角，并创作了自己的作品，通过培养大量的艺术粉丝群，特别是在年轻人中，促进了中国舞蹈舞台的发展。由空前the定冠词可及空后of可知，此处使用名词development。故填development。 19．考查副词。句意：他们在剧院的舞蹈作品中担任主角，并创作了自己的作品，通过培养大量的艺术粉丝群，特别是在年轻人中，促进了中国舞蹈舞台的发展。此处修饰后面的介词短语among the young，应用副词especially“特别”，作状语。故填especially。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has 1 long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and 2 (inspire) all, offering something for each of the senses. The 3 (peace) landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills 4 (dot) with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh 5 (flower) while birds greet the new day 6 their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not 7 (surprise) that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. These traditions are 8 (absolute) rooted in its history. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce 9 (you) to a friendly face, you are more than likely 10 (experience) local culture and customs first-hand. 【答案】1．a 2．inspires 3．peaceful 4．dotted 5．flowers 6．with 7．surprising 8．absolutely 9．yourself 10．to experience 【导语】本文主要介绍了爱尔兰美丽的乡村风光对人们和传统的影响，以及游客在爱尔兰可以体验到的当地文化和习俗。 【详解】1．考查冠词。句意：这个国家有着产生伟大作家和诗人的悠久历史。此处history为可数名词，表示泛指，且“long”发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处需填不定冠词a。 2．考查时态。句意：它美丽的乡村让所有人兴奋和鼓舞，为每种感官都提供了享受。空处和excites并列作谓语，根据excites可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 3．考查形容词。句意：“翡翠岛”宁静的风景和许多绿色的郡县真是一场视觉盛宴，起伏的绿色山丘上点缀着牛羊。空处修饰名词landscape需填形容词作定语，peace的形容词为peaceful“宁静的”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，its rolling green hills和dot为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。 5．考查名词。句意：在一个宁静的早晨，在山上，感受阳光照在你的皮肤上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，鸟儿用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。空处需填名词作宾语，flower为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。 6．考查介词。句意同上。空处需填介词，表示“用”，需填介词with。 7．考查形容词。句意：有了这些美景，爱尔兰发展出了包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。空处需填形容词作表语，it is surprising that...为固定句型，意为“……是令人惊讶的”，此处表示事情本身令人惊讶。 8．考查副词。句意：这些传统绝对根植于它的历史。空处修饰动词rooted需填副词作状语，absolute的副词为absolutely“绝对地”。 9．考查代词。句意：如果你把自己介绍给一张友好的面孔，你很有可能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。空处需填代词作宾语，此处表示“你自己”，需填反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be likely to do sth.为固定短语，意为“可能做某事”，空处需填动词不定式。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 被动语态密码速通（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般现在时被动语态 考点二 一般过去时被动语态 考点三 一般将来时被动语态 考点四 现在进行时被动语态 考点五 过去进行时被动语态 考点六 现在完成时被动语态 考点七 过去完成时被动语态 考点八 过去将来时被动语态 考点九 将来完成时被动语态 考点十 情态动词被动语态 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注意事项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 He must be prevented from going. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 在make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel 等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。 例如：We heard her sing an English song.（主动） →She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动） 许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。当这些短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. The plan will be given up. ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 一．语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。 典型例句：主动句 1.The slaves built the Great Pyramids long time ago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 典型例句：被动句 2.The Great Pyramids were built (by the slaves) long time ago. 主语（原宾语） 谓语（形式变化） by+执行者（原主语） 状语（不变） 大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。 二．主动语态转换为被动语态 如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。 ①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语 ②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词” 说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。 ③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面 原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。 ④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变 主动句：Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句：The light bulb was invented (by Thomas Edison) in 1879. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。 ①原主动句中的宾语the light bulb变为被动句中的主语。 ②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为was invented。 ③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者Thomas Edison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。 ④状语in 1879的位置不变。 主动句：Mr.Wang delivered this speech.王先生做了演讲。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：This speech was delivered by Mr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语） 主动句：The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games 2790 years ago. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。 被动句：The first Olympic Games were held (by the ancient Greeks) 2790 years ago. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。 考点一 一般现在时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。 主动句：Helen tidies up her room every day.海伦每天整理她的房间。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Helen’s room is tidied up (by Helen) every day.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Helen’s room isn’t tidied up every day. （疑问句）A:Is Helen’s room tidied up every day? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．When the air-conditioner (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. 2．When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of heat (reflect) back into space. 3．…its future now several decades before these developments are (expect) to take place. 4．According to the traditional Chinese calendar, the Winter Solstice one of the twenty-four solar terms. 按照中国传统历法，冬至被认为是二十四节气之一。 5．She is (sing) high praises for in the company because she is always willing to help others. 考点二 一般过去时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：The workers made the printer I bought yesterday last month. 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。 被动句： （肯定句）The printer I bought yesterday was made (by the workers) last month. 主语 定语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。 （否定句）The printer I bought yesterday wasn’t made last month. （疑问句）A:Was the printer I bought yesterday made last month? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。 【巩固提升】 1．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. 2．Unluckily, he (injure) when he was cycling along the valley. 3．Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities (be) completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 4．The feeling of success was no longer (attach) to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. 5．Tom was (admit) into Peking University. 考点三 一般将来时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：A repairman will repair his car tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。 比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。be going to+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。 被动句： （肯定句）His car will be repaired (by a repairman) tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。 （否定句）His car will not/won’t be repaired tomorrow morning. （疑问句）A:Will his car be repaired tomorrow morning? B:Yes,it will./No,it won’t. 主动句：They are going to visit the China Millennium Monument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句： （肯定句）The China Millennium Monument is going to be visited (by them). 主语 谓语 中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。 重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。 （否定句）The China Millennium Monument isn’t going to be visited (by them). （疑问句）A:Is the China Millennium Monument going to be visited (by them)? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．It is reported that the project conducted by his research team (complete) next month. 2．More trees (plant) along the river bank next spring to prevent soil erosion. 3．Only ticket holders will be (admit) into the concert hall. 4．The gold medal will (award) to the person who wins first place in the race. 5．The show “Quanzhou Beyond (非常泉州)”, directed by Zhang Yimou, (stage) in Quanzhou’s new cultural center this National Day holiday in 2026. 考点四 现在进行时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．Many old buildings (repair) now to protect the local culture. 2．To enrich people’s spiritual life and promote kindness, a meaningful cultural activity (perform) in the community now. 3．The old building (pull) down these days. 4．The room (clean) by my sister at the moment. 5． the children (take) care of by the nurse? 考点五 过去进行时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．He hurried home late at night, never once looking back to see if he (follow). 2．The famous musician, together with his band members, (interview) by the reporter when the power went out. 3．A survey about students’ after-school activities (conduct) by the research team when I visited the education center. 4．The guards were originally hired to watch over the houses as they (reconstruct). 5．When we arrived at the garage, our car (repair), so we had to wait another twenty minutes. 考点六 现在完成时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。 主动句：An unknown virus has just attacked my computer. 主语 谓语 状语 宾语 一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。 被动句： （肯定句）My computer has just been attacked (by an unknown virus). 主语 谓语 状语 by+执行者 我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。 （否定句）My computer hasn’t just been attacked. （疑问句）A:Has your computer just been attacked? B:Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．It (confirm) so far that the event will take place next Friday. 2．This problem (solve) already, so we don’t need to discuss it again. 3．Up to now, food and water (deliver) to the disaster-stricken area, where many people surviving the disaster are in urgent need of help. 4．The list of students who have won awards in the competition (announce) on the school website so far. 5．The classroom (clean) up, so it looks very tidy now. 考点七 过去完成时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：They had built fifteen bridges by 2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Fifteen bridges had been built (by them) by 2007. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 说明：by them和by 2007意思不同，by 2007是时间状语，不可以省略。 截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。 （否定句）Fifteen bridges hadn’t been built by 2007. （疑问句）A:Had fifteen bridges been built by 2007? B:Yes,they had./No,they hadn’t. 【巩固提升】 1．All the delicate artifacts (damage) severely by the collapse of the ancient tomb during the excavation process, and the archaeological team had no choice but to suspend their work temporarily. 2．A huge Christmas tree (decorate) with mini cars before we got to the hall. 3．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.   4．By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area   (repair) by the local government. 5．When the firemen arrived, the big fire (put out) by the local people. 考点八 过去将来时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：Mother said she would punish the naughty boy this evening. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。 说明：本句是将宾语从句she would punish the naughty boy this evening变为被动语态。 被动句： （肯定句）Mother said the naughty boy would be punished this evening (by her). 主语 谓语 宾语 by+执行者 母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。 （否定句）Mother said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished this evening. 【巩固提升】 1．We discussed when the general meeting of the whole staff was (hold). 2．It was reported that another bridge was (build) across the river the next year. 3．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. 4．He said the lucky woman (announce) on the website and the trip would be shared online. 5．It was predicted that petrol (replace) by green energy completely in the near future. 考点九 将来完成时的被动语态 【知识精讲】 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 10.过去将来完成时的被动语态 主动句：He said he would have learned many words by 2012. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。 被动句：He said many words would have been learned (by him) by 2012. 主语 谓语 状语 他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。 【巩固提升】 1．By the end of this month, the new library (build) and it will be open to the public soon. 2．It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge amounts of good earth (wash) away due to cutting down too many trees. 3．—Are you going to the movies tonight? —Yes, by then my homework (finish). 4．By the time the applicant makes up his mind, the offer (cancel). 5．The mayor says that all construction work for the worldwide fair (complete) by 2030. 考点十 情态动词的被动语态 【知识精讲】 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。 其被动语态句型如下： 肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词…… 否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词…… 疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？ 主动句：We can design objects in 3D on the computer very easily. 我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。 被动句： （肯定句）Objects in 3D can be designed on the computer very easily. （否定句）Objects in 3D can’t be designed on the computer very easily. （疑问句）A:Can objects in 3D be designed on the computer very easily? B:Yes,they can./No,they can’t. 主动句：You must hand in your homework this afternoon. 今天下午你必须交作业。 被动句： （肯定句）Your homework must be handed in this afternoon. （否定句）Your homework needn’t be handed in this afternoon. （疑问句）A:Must my homework be handed in this afternoon? B:Yes,it must./No,it needn’t. 主动句：I have to do the job myself.我不得不自己做这份工作。 被动句： （肯定句）The job has to be done by myself. （否定句）The job hasn’t to be done by myself. （疑问句）A:Has the job to be done by myself? B:Yes,it has to./No,it hasn’t to. 注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,it has.（误）B:No,it hasn’t. 主动句：All of us ought to obey the rule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。 被动句： （肯定句）The rule ought to be obeyed (by all of us). （否定句）The rule ought not be obeyed (by all of us). （疑问句）A:Ought the rule to be obeyed (by all of us)? B:Yes,it ought to./No,it oughtn’t to. 【巩固提升】 1．The new evidence must (admit) before the final judgment is made. 2．The plan should (adjust) to satisfy the customer. 3．The customer suggested that the package (deliver) before noon. 4．As far as I'm concerned, traditional classes can’t (replace) by online ones. 5．Despite this opposition, the book raised global awareness about how easily nature can (harm). A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 London’s Chinese food scene was once centered around Cantonese dishes. However, it 1 (witness) a remarkable transformation over the past decade, from traditional Cantonese restaurants to 2 diverse range of regional Chinese cuisines, driven by Londoners’ 3 (grow) curiosity about real regional flavors. Hotpot restaurants, 4 the diners could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine, such as the popular chain “Spice Kingdom,” have become a major trend. These restaurants 5 (skillful) combine traditional recipes with creative cooking techniques, attracting both locals 6 tourists. Meanwhile, noodle shops specializing (专攻) in hand-pulled varieties and offering convenient services, like “Noodle Master,” are gradually gaining popularity. At “Sichuan Spice House,” a top-rated restaurant, chilies (辣椒) usually 7 (source) directly from Sichuan’s farmlands to ensure the original strong fiery flavor. The owner, Ms. Li, explains, “While adapting to local preferences by adjusting spice levels slightly, we focus on keeping the genuine recipes 8 (pass) down from older generations.” She insists 9 thorough ingredient selection, which ensures quality and sets her restaurant apart from competitors. The 10 (rich) of food choices in London reflects a broader cultural shift, creating more opportunities for cultural exchange. With its diverse offerings, London is becoming a true global hub for Chinese cuisine. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 13th Taoli Cup was held in Beijing last August and featured 200 programmes 1 (divide) into six sections according to style, including classical Chinese dance, Chinese folkdance, ballet and contemporary (现代的) dance. Students 2 (represent) 64 schools from 27 cities and provinces participated, making it the largest event in the cup’s history. According to Xu Rui, president of the Beijing Dance Academy, 15 performances will be held in 11 cities between May and November. Students from over 10 art schools 3 participated in the 13th Taoli Cup, including those from the Beijing Dance Academy, the Central Academy of Drama, the Nanjing University of the Arts and Hangzhou Normal University, will take part 4 the tour. Before each performance, the 5 (winner) of major awards in previous editions, among them star dancers like Wang Yabin, Hua Xiaoyi and Wang Zihan, will introduce 6 history of the Taoli Cup and the pieces to be staged. “In the past 40 years, the competition 7 (be) a key platform (平台) for young dancers 8 (show) their skill and be seen by a wider audience. Many young Chinese dancers shot to stardom after winning the competition, and have become top dancer-choreographers (舞蹈编导) today. They have taken leading roles in dance productions in theatres, and have created their own work, promoting the 9 (develop) of the dance scene in China by growing a large fan base for the art, 10 (especial) among the young,” says Xu. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has 1 long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and 2 (inspire) all, offering something for each of the senses. The 3 (peace) landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills 4 (dot) with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh 5 (flower) while birds greet the new day 6 their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not 7 (surprise) that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. These traditions are 8 (absolute) rooted in its history. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce 9 (you) to a friendly face, you are more than likely 10 (experience) local culture and customs first-hand. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $