专题01 动词时态密码速通（暑假复习讲义）新高一英语人教版

专题01 动词时态密码速通（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般式（一般进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 考点二 进行式（现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 考点三 考点三 完成式（现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时） ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 一般式（一般进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 一般现在时 【知识精讲】 1.be（am，is，are）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es，其余人称用动词原形。 I am free tonight.我今晚有空。 The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。 They are students.他们是学生。 Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。 2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。 3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。 The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。 She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。 5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。 提示：一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时，表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词，如果arrive（到达），be（是），begin（开始），come（来到），go（去），leave（离开），reach（到达），start（出发）等。 The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。 注意：一般现在时常用的时间状语有： today今天 often经常 always一直 sometimes有时 usually通常 seldom很少 on Sunday在星期天 every day/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上 【巩固提升】 1．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. 2．Autumn (represent) harvest and maturity, while rain symbolizes nourishment and growth. 3．Heavy smoking (ruin) your health, so you should give it up. 4．Volunteering makes you feel capable and (inspire) you to make the most of each day. 5．The masses (be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-being. 6．Masses of evidence (show) that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a mass of citizens ______ (be) in favour of this idea. —Personally, that we have a lot in common with each other (count) among friends. 8．He (dare) to walk alone at night. 9．She never (lack) courage when facing difficulties. 10．The data collected from the experiment suggests that this new method (be) more efficient. 一般过去时 【知识精讲】 1.be（was/were）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。 I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。 They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。 2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。 My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。 The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。 3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语，但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。 I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。 4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时，常去爬山。 5.表示过去连续发生的动作。 She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套，坐在沙发上。 提示：如果要强调已经终止的习惯，要用used to do。 He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。 I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。 注意：一般过去时常用的时间状语有： a moment ago刚刚 an hour ago一小时以前 last week/month/year上周/上月/去年 the other day前几天 this morning今天早上 two days ago两天前 yesterday昨天 just now刚才 【巩固提升】 1．A strong feeling of warmth (strike) all of us when we saw the smiles on their faces. 2．The man (escape) from the room last night. 3．In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who (demand) his son earn straight A’s, and... 4．I (argue), but suspicion clouded his eyes. 5．We were tasked to draw or paint something that us most. (impress) 6．Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class. They (surround) me, their questions pouring out like a stream. 7．I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that (reflect) the faith she had in herself. 8．He used (be) late for school, but now he is used to (get) up early. 9．The man quarreled with his boss about the pay and (quit) the job. 10．Tom used coffee in the morning, but now he is used to tea because he thinks it’s healthier.(drink) 一般将来时 【知识精讲】 1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。 We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。 2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。 3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。 I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。 提示：“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原形”表示未经考虑的意图。 注意：“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作，都可以用来表示一般将来时。 The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。 The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。 【巩固提升】 1．It’s reported that the city (build) a new subway line next year. 2．Time permitting, we (make) it to the concert after finishing the work. 【答案】will make 【详解】句意：如果时间允许，我们完成工作后会去听音乐会。根据语境，在完成工作后去音乐会这件事还未发生，所以用一般将来时“will +动词原形”。will make在句中作谓语。 3．Look at the dark clouds! It looks as if it (rain). 4．If you keep spending money like this, you will (ruin) yourself. 5．It looks as if it (rain) soon. 6．Don’t worry. I will (take) control of the whole situation. 7．The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they (disappear) within a few days. 8．Look at those clouds. I expect that it (rain) this afternoon. 9．If their marketing plans succeed, their sales (increase) by 20 percent. 10．With more practice, she (develop) strong communication skills in the coming three years. 考点二 进行式（现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时） 现在进行时 【知识精讲】 1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。 the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。 2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。 3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。 4.与always，forever等副词连用，用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。 She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。 My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。 提示：现在进行时表示暂时性的动作，一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 Where is he living?他（这几天/暂时/目前）住在哪儿？ Where does he live?他住在哪儿？ 注意：现在进行时常用的时间状语有： now现在 at present目前 this week这周 these days这几天 【巩固提升】 1．If you want to see Laura, please wait a moment. She (discuss) with her editor about her new book. 2．The teacher, along with his students (visit) the museum now. 3．She is still (suffer) from the pain of losing her home in the wildfire. 4．Unfortunately, wild animals are being over hunted, and some of them (die) out. 5．Coral reefs are home to 25% of marine species, but many (die) due to climate change and pollution. 6．It is reported that they (attempt) a new way to preserve the ancient wall. 7．Artificial intelligence (transform) many aspects of our daily life, from how we drive to how we diagnose diseases. 8．She (observe) how the children interact during playtime now. 9．Look! The kid over there (put) his book on the table, preparing for the next class. 10．My mother (pack) the fresh fruits and homemade snacks she prepared carefully while my father is checking the car to make sure everything is ready for our weekend camping trip. 过去进行时 【知识精讲】 1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。 2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么？ 3.用于时间状语从句中。 My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。 提示：表示感觉、感官的动词（see，look，hear，notice等），表示态度和感情、心理的动词（like等）及表示存在、继续的动词（be等），以及have，belong表示“占有”时，不用进行时。如“他今天看起来不错”应译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have a new computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer. 注意：过去进行时常用的时间状语有： at that time在那时 last night昨晚 then那时，当时 yesterday昨天 【巩固提升】 1．The summer vacation had just started, and Ethan was excited about all the adventures that (be) waiting for him. 2．We (shelter) from the rain at the entrance of a shop when someone handed us an umbrella. 3．The little boy (struggle) to carry the heavy box when his father came to help him. 4．He said his train (leave) at 6 p.m., so he had to hurry. 5．They (leave) when the bell started ringing. 6．She said the bus (leave) at 5:00 the next morning. 7．As Teachers’ Day (approach), our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. 8．He said that the silly questions were always (ask) by the boy. 9．I was at those things because my mind was full of ,and those things were   me all the time. (annoy) 10．He (break) his leg when he (play) in a football match against another school. 将来进行时 【知识精讲】 1.由“shall/will be+现在分词”构成，第一人称用shall/will，其他人称都用will。 Don’t call me tonight,I shall/will be doing my homework at that time.今晚别给我打电话，那时我在写作业。 He’ll be leaving in two days.他后两天动身。 2.表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作，常常带有时间状语短语或时间状语从句。 What will he be doing this time next year?明年的此时他会在干什么？ When you get to the station at nine tomorrow,I will be waiting for you there.明天你9点到车站时，我将在那儿等你。 3.表示按计划将要发生的动作。 They will be having their holidays in June.他们将于6月份放假。 提示：将来进行时在口语中使用比较普遍，它不带感情色彩，单纯表示一个将来的动作。 【巩固提升】 1．This time next month, our class (travel) in Xiamen and enjoying the sea view. 2．What you (do) when the opening ceremony starts next Friday? 3．At this time tomorrow, I (fly) to Shanghai to attend an important meeting. 4．At 9 o’clock this evening I (watch) a movie with my family in the cinema. 5．— Can we meet at 2 p.m. this Sunday? —I’m afraid not. I (prepare) for my English speech contest at that time. 6．Don’t call me between 8 and 10 p.m. tomorrow. I (take) a piano lesson then. 7．In an ideal world we would be (recycle) and reusing everything. 8．This time tomorrow he (fly) to Shanghai. 9．Tomorrow at 8 p.m., I (attend) an online lecture on environmental science. 10．The company still claimed that most people (be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. 考点三 完成式（现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时） 现在完成时 【知识精讲】 1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称都用have。 Jack has taught English in our school for three years.杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。 I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。 2.表示“继续”，说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。 The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。 3.表示“经验”，说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时，说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。 Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。 提示：有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态，因此它们不能和由since，for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive（到达），buy（购买），come（来），die（死亡），get up（起床），go（去），join（参加），leave（离开），open（打开）等。 注意：现在完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 for a long time很长时间 never从未 for three months3个月之久 now现在 recently/lately近来 since自从 since 1991从1991年以来 since then其后 so far迄今为止 this week这周 till/up to now直到现在 today今天 yet仍然，已经 during the last two weeks在最近两个星期 in the past few days在最近几天 【巩固提升】 1．So far, we (spot) many problems that the old people face in their daily lives. 2．The list of students who have won awards in the competition (announce) on the school website so far. 3．This is one of the few software companies that (develop) more than ten popular web applications since 2025. 4．Tom’s crazy about playing video games for hours every night, which (drive) his parents crazy these days.  5．He (suffer) from lung cancer for many years. 6．It’s said that this old tree in the village (stand) for over 500 years. 7．Don’t touch the food. The meat smells as if it (go) bad. 8．There (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. 9．This tradition (survive) for hundreds of years, still attracting people with its rich culture and mental challenge. 10．The number of applicants (rise) greatly over the past three years. 过去完成时 【知识精讲】 1.由“had+过去分词”构成。 The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候，电影已经开演了。 2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months. 到上个月末，杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。 3.与when，before，till等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生时间的前后。 She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back. 她父母回来之前，她已经打扫了房间。 4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。 He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。 提示：过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词：expect，suppose，hope，intend，mean，think等。 We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶8：30的火车，却发现它已经开走了。 注意：过去完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直到9点 up till then直到那时 up till last night直到昨晚 by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前 【巩固提升】 1．Originally, they (plan) to drive to the countryside for a holiday, but this was put off because of extreme weather. 2．By the time the firefighters broke down the door, the neighbor (rescue) the elderly woman from the burning house. 3．It was the first time I (see) him so angry and passionate. 4．Never would I forget that was the first time we (cooperate) so successfully. 5．There (be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully. 6．He (lose) the keys, so he had to wait outside the house. 7．By the time the rescue team reached the cave, the injured climber (lie) there for nearly two days. (所 8．Phoenix Techonology (open) 215 routes by the end of 2023. 9．Scarcely she gone out when it began to rain. 10．Before he offered me drink, I (take off) my coat. 将来完成时 【知识精讲】 1.由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成，第一人称用shall/will，其他人称都用will。 I shall/will have read this book by Friday.到星期五，我就看完这本书了。 2.表示动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间，常用延续性动词。多与by，for，before等时间状语连用。 We shall have walked a long way before we reach there.到达那儿前，我们将要走很长一段路。 3.表示动作在将来某一段时间以前已结束，但其影响却持续到那一时间，常用终止性动词。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候你就到上海了。 提示：在时间和条件状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.我把书看完了再提意见。 【巩固提升】 1．By the year 2050, the world’s population (reach) approximately 9.7 billion, according to UN projections. 2．By the year 2030, scientists (find) a more effective way to solve the environmental problem. 3．By the time the letter reaches you, I (leave) for London to attend an important meeting. 4．By the time he retires, he (work) there for 30 years. 5．By the time of next year, all of you (become) college students. 6．By the time AI is put into use in our daily life, the new technologies (transform) our life fundamentally. 7．Some experts estimate that by 2050, the world population (reach) 9 billion. 8．If you keep practicing the piano for an hour every day, you (master) all the basic techniques of classical music by next summer. 9．If you go on at the present speed, you (use) up all the petroleum (汽油) by the end of the month. 10．I (finish) reading the book by the end of the week. A 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。 The Chinese writing system, 1 dates back to several thousand years ago, is one of the reasons for the 2 (survive) of Chinese civilization. Researchers generally agree that the oldest symbols that are recognizable as Chinese characters are those 3 (find) on ancient oracle bones. These 3000-year-old symbols, known as jiaguwen, 4 (carve) on turtle shells and used to tell fortunes and record events. They give people in modern era insight into how ancient Chinese people saw the world around them and into how they expressed their observations 5 (creative). As people were divided geographically, this well-developed writing system evolved into 6 (variety) dialects and characters. It was not until Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country, 7 the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. This united system has been 8 great importance in connecting Chinese people and culture of the present with those of the past. Thanks to it, no matter when and where you are, people can read and appreciate ancient Chinese 9 (classic). With China continuously playing a greater role in international community, 10 increasing number of foreign students are beginning to have a taste of Chinese characters and culture. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Today, life as a teenager has changed greatly. The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless for some, but difficult for others. There are many 1 (challenge) to face, decisions to make, and roads to take. Being a teenager means we’re no longer a child but we’re not 2 adult either. We make great efforts 3 (live) up to so many expectations from our friends, family members, and sometimes even our parents’ friends too. 4 (actual), in this stage of life, we’re expected to be responsible 5 something yet we’ re not allowed to do just as much as adults can. All adults see us as children 6 are trying to be someone we can’t be just yet. Many adults expect us to act just as they did, but they don’t understand that we 7 (raise) differently. Times have changed compared to 30 years ago when our parents were teenagers. Back then they 8 (have) more time away from phones, computers and TVs. They communicated face to face more. Nowadays we communicate online. The best part of being a teenager is being able to find things at the click of a button (按钮). With 9 (advance) technology, today’s generation doesn’t struggle (挣扎) as much as they did 30 years ago. The new technology plays an important role in our lives. Teenagers nowadays are 10 (close) than ever. We can easily reach each other with a mobile phone or a computer. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On December 31st, Deyun Society held a grand New Year’s Eve Quyi special, with the main stage interacting in real time with the other eight branch venues (会场), 1 (attract) widespread public attention. This event showed the potential of traditional Chinese performing arts in the digital age, proving they can still draw the public’s interest through modern forms. Crosstalk, a representative (代表的) form of traditional Chinese Quyi, 2 (date) back to the mid-Qing Dynasty in Beijing. It was shaped by street performers who combined 3 (vary) forms of mimicry (模仿), storytelling, and joke-telling, 4 aim is to “make people laugh, then make them think”. And it was once deeply loved by the audience. But now due to the flood of short videos and online games, many traditional art forms, including crosstalk, 5 (ignore) by most young people today, are struggling to survive. 6 worsens the crisis is that few young people are willing to invest years in learning the techniques. If 7 (leave) unattended, these cultural treasures, which carry historical and regional voices, could gradually fade from public memory. It is in this context that the role of groups like Deyun Society seems important. That night, by mixing classic techniques 8 heated topics and using online platforms 9 (reach) wider audiences, they reconnected the art with younger generations. The approach offers a new model — one that respects 10 (art) roots while adapting to changing times, ensuring that the laughter and wisdom of Quyi continue to inspire generations to come. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词时态密码速通（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般式（一般进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 考点二 进行式（现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 考点三 考点三 完成式（现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时） ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 一般式（一般进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 一般现在时 【知识精讲】 1.be（am，is，are）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es，其余人称用动词原形。 I am free tonight.我今晚有空。 The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。 They are students.他们是学生。 Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。 2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。 3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。 The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。 She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。 5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。 提示：一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时，表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词，如果arrive（到达），be（是），begin（开始），come（来到），go（去），leave（离开），reach（到达），start（出发）等。 The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。 注意：一般现在时常用的时间状语有： today今天 often经常 always一直 sometimes有时 usually通常 seldom很少 on Sunday在星期天 every day/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上 【巩固提升】 1．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. 【答案】belongs 【详解】句意：现在该寺庙和它周围的花园都属于一个当地家庭。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，as well as连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，the temple是第三人称单数，谓语belong用单数形式belongs。 2．Autumn (represent) harvest and maturity, while rain symbolizes nourishment and growth. 【答案】represents 【详解】句意：秋天代表着收获与成熟，而雨水象征着滋养与成长。主语Autumn与谓语动词represent(象征)为主动关系，句子陈述客观真理、客观事实，用一般现在时；主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式represents。 3．Heavy smoking (ruin) your health, so you should give it up. 【答案】ruins 【详解】句意：大量吸烟会损害你的健康，所以你应该戒烟。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Heavy smoking为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式ruins。 4．Volunteering makes you feel capable and (inspire) you to make the most of each day. 【答案】inspires 【详解】句意：志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并且激励你充分利用每一天。此句中makes与所填单词是并列关系，共同作句子的谓语，主语Volunteering是动名词，视为单数，所以inspire也用第三人称单数形式inspires。 5．The masses (be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-being. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：人民群众往往就是历史的创造者，同时也是人民幸福的缔造者。根据后文often可知为一般现在时，主语为masses，谓语用复数。 6．Masses of evidence (show) that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a mass of citizens ______ (be) in favour of this idea. 【答案】 shows are 【详解】句意：大量证据表明，事故的主要原因是他的粗心，大量市民赞成这个观点。根据is可知，本句用一般现在时，masses of+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故第一空填shows；第二空：a mass of+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，第二空be动词用are。 7．—What do you think of friends? —Personally, that we have a lot in common with each other (count) among friends. 【答案】counts 【详解】 句意：—— 你怎么看待朋友？—— 个人认为，就我个人而言，朋友之间有很多共同点是很重要的。句中that引导主语从句为句子的主语，count是谓语动词，表示“重要”；根据从句中的have可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，此处主语从句为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应该使用第三人称单数counts。 8．He (dare) to walk alone at night. 【答案】dares 【详解】句意：他敢于在夜间独自出行。作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为he，谓语用三单形式。 9．She never (lack) courage when facing difficulties. 【答案】lacks 【详解】句意：她在面对困难时从不缺乏勇气。空处为句子的谓语动词，句子陈述常态事实，用一般现在时，主语She为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式lacks。 10．The data collected from the experiment suggests that this new method (be) more efficient. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：实验收集的数据表明这种新方法效率更高。 此处suggest 此处意为表明、暗示，并非表建议，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气，遵循正常时态，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语this new method为单数。 一般过去时 【知识精讲】 1.be（was/were）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。 I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。 They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。 2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。 My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。 The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。 3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语，但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。 I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。 4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时，常去爬山。 5.表示过去连续发生的动作。 She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套，坐在沙发上。 提示：如果要强调已经终止的习惯，要用used to do。 He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。 I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。 注意：一般过去时常用的时间状语有： a moment ago刚刚 an hour ago一小时以前 last week/month/year上周/上月/去年 the other day前几天 this morning今天早上 two days ago两天前 yesterday昨天 just now刚才 【巩固提升】 1．A strong feeling of warmth (strike) all of us when we saw the smiles on their faces. 【答案】struck 【详解】句意：看到他们脸上的笑容，我们所有人都心头涌上一股强烈的暖意。此处为谓语动词，结合从句可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，strike的过去式为struck。 2．The man (escape) from the room last night. 【答案】escaped 【详解】句意：这个男人昨晚从房间里逃走了。由last night可知，用一般过去式时，动词用过去式escaped。 3．In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who (demand) his son earn straight A’s, and... 【答案】demanded 【详解】句意：去年在我九年级的写作课上，我遇到了拯救小镇的牛仔、要求儿子门门功课拿全A 的严厉父亲，还有……。句中时间状语 last year 以及主句动词met都是一般过去时，定语从句时态保持一致，谓语用一般过去式。demand的过去式是demanded。 4．I (argue), but suspicion clouded his eyes. 【答案】argued 【详解】句意：我争辩道，但他的眼中充满了怀疑。设空处为谓语，后半句谓语clouded为一般过去时，前后时态保持一致，argue应用一般过去式argued。 5．We were tasked to draw or paint something that us most. (impress) 【答案】impressed 【详解】句意：我们的任务是画出或画出最让我们印象深刻的东西。主句为一般过去时的被动语态（were tasked），定语从句时态保持一致，用impress的过去式impressed。 6．Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class. They (surround) me, their questions pouring out like a stream. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】句意：我的很多同学都来了兴致，课后纷纷走到我身边。他们围在我身旁，问题像流水一样滔滔不绝地问了出来。空处作谓语，结合上文got和came可知，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，surround用过去式surrounded。 7．I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that (reflect) the faith she had in herself. 【答案】reflected 【详解】句意：我和一位高年级申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映出她对自己的信心。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主句时态为一般过去时，定语从句时态保持一致，reflect用过去式reflected。 8．He used (be) late for school, but now he is used to (get) up early. 【答案】 to be getting 【详解】句意：他过去经常上学迟到，但现在他已经习惯了早起。由but now可知，第一空所在句子表示“他过去经常上学迟到”，“过去常常做某事”是used to do sth.，因此第一空是to be。第二空所在句子表示“他已经习惯了早起”，“习惯于做某事”是be used to doing sth.，因此第二空用动名词getting作宾语。 9．The man quarreled with his boss about the pay and (quit) the job. 【答案】quitted/quit 【详解】句意：这名男子因薪酬问题与老板发生争执，并最终辞去了这份工作。根据上文quarreled可知为一般过去时。 10．Tom used coffee in the morning, but now he is used to tea because he thinks it’s healthier.(drink) 【答案】 to drink drinking 【详解】句意：汤姆过去早上常喝咖啡，但现在他习惯喝茶了，因为他觉得茶更有益健康。由but now可知，第一空所在句子表示“汤姆过去早上常喝咖啡”，used to do意为“过去常常”，因此第一空是to drink。第二空所在句子表示“他习惯喝茶”，be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，因此第二空用动名词drinkng作宾语。 一般将来时 【知识精讲】 1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。 We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。 2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。 3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。 I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。 提示：“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原形”表示未经考虑的意图。 注意：“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作，都可以用来表示一般将来时。 The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。 The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。 【巩固提升】 1．It’s reported that the city (build) a new subway line next year. 【答案】will build 【详解】句意：据报道，这座城市明年将修建一条新地铁线路。此处为谓语动词，句中出现时间状语next year表将来时态，所以用一般将来时，谓语动词为will build。 2．Time permitting, we (make) it to the concert after finishing the work. 【答案】will make 【详解】句意：如果时间允许，我们完成工作后会去听音乐会。根据语境，在完成工作后去音乐会这件事还未发生，所以用一般将来时“will +动词原形”。will make在句中作谓语。 3．Look at the dark clouds! It looks as if it (rain). 【答案】is going to rain 【详解】句意：看那些乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。as if引导方式状语从句，根据Look at the dark clouds!可知，此处表示有迹象表明即将下雨，要用一般将来时。在这种语境下，“be going to + 动词原形”结构更侧重有迹象表明要发生某事。 4．If you keep spending money like this, you will (ruin) yourself. 【答案】ruin 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果你继续这样花钱，你会毁了自己。助动词will后跟动词原形构成一般将来时。故填ruin。 5．It looks as if it (rain) soon. 【答案】will rain 【详解】查as if引导的表语从句的时态。句意：看起来好像很快要下雨了。当as if引导的表语从句所表达的内容是真实的或极有可能发生的事情时，从句用陈述语气。根据“soon”可知，此处表达很快要下雨，是极有可能发生的事，所以用一般将来时will rain，在从句中作谓语。故填will rain。 6．Don’t worry. I will (take) control of the whole situation. 【答案】take 【详解】考查动词。句意：别担心。我会掌控整个局势的。根据空前助动词will可知，空处需用动词原形；take control of“掌控……”，固定搭配。故填take。 7．The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they (disappear) within a few days. 【答案】will disappear 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：流感的症状可能让人难受，但它们会在几天内消失。此处为谓语动词的填入，时间状语within a few days表将来，用一般将来时will + 动词原形。故填will disappear。 8．Look at those clouds. I expect that it (rain) this afternoon. 【答案】will rain 【详解】考查时态。句意：看那些云，我预计今天下午要下雨。根据“this afternoon”可知，此处表示的是将来会发生的动作，应用一般将来时，基本结构为will + 动词原形。故填will rain。 9．If their marketing plans succeed, their sales (increase) by 20 percent. 【答案】will increase 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：如果他们的营销计划能够奏效，那么他们的销售额将会增长 20%。If their marketing plans succeed是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句使用一般将来时。故填will increase。 10．With more practice, she (develop) strong communication skills in the coming three years. 【答案】will develop 【详解】考查时态。句意：通过更多的练习，她将在未来三年内培养出很强的沟通能力。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，she与develop为主动关系，时间状语in the coming three years是一般将来时的标志，谓语动词需用will + 动词原形的结构，符合语境。故填will develop。 考点二 进行式（现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时） 现在进行时 【知识精讲】 1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。 the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。 2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。 3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。 4.与always，forever等副词连用，用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。 She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。 My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。 提示：现在进行时表示暂时性的动作，一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 Where is he living?他（这几天/暂时/目前）住在哪儿？ Where does he live?他住在哪儿？ 注意：现在进行时常用的时间状语有： now现在 at present目前 this week这周 these days这几天 【巩固提升】 1．If you want to see Laura, please wait a moment. She (discuss) with her editor about her new book. 【答案】is discussing 【详解】句意：如果您想见劳拉，请稍等片刻。她正在和她的编辑讨论她的新书事宜。根据语境 “请稍等”，表示此刻正在进行的动作，用现在进行时；主语是She，空处需填is discussing。 2．The teacher, along with his students (visit) the museum now. 【答案】is visiting 【详解】句意：这位老师和他的学生们此刻正在参观博物馆。根据now可知为现在进行时，along with his students 是插入语，不影响主谓一致，谓语动词和前面真正主语保持一致，用单数。 3．She is still (suffer) from the pain of losing her home in the wildfire. 【答案】suffering 【详解】考查时态。句意：她仍在承受因野火失去家园的痛苦。结合语境可知，此处描述现在正在发生的动作，suffer用现在分词suffering和is构成现在进行时。故填suffering。 4．Unfortunately, wild animals are being over hunted, and some of them (die) out. 【答案】are dying 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，野生动物正遭到过度捕猎，其中一些物种正在灭绝。根据“are being over hunted”可知，此句强调现阶段正在发生的动作；die out是固定短语，表示“灭绝”，此处应用现在进行时are dying out，体现渐进、正在消亡的过程。故填are dying。 5．Coral reefs are home to 25% of marine species, but many (die) due to climate change and pollution. 【答案】are dying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：珊瑚礁是25%海洋物种的家园，但由于气候变化和污染，许多珊瑚礁正在消亡。空处作谓语，表示现阶段正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，主语为many，be动词用are。故填are dying。 6．It is reported that they (attempt) a new way to preserve the ancient wall. 【答案】are attempting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据报道，他们正在尝试一种新的方法来保护古墙。此处表示目前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语they是复数，be动词用are。故填are attempting。 7．Artificial intelligence (transform) many aspects of our daily life, from how we drive to how we diagnose diseases. 【答案】is transforming 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：人工智能正在改变我们日常生活的许多方面，从我们如何驾驶到如何诊断疾病。根据语境可知，此处表示人工智能目前正在改变我们日常生活的许多方面，强调动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为Artificial intelligence，be动词用is。故填is transforming。 8．She (observe) how the children interact during playtime now. 【答案】is observing 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：她现在正在观察孩子们在游戏时间里的互动情况。结合“now”可知用现在进行时，描述正在进行的动作，主语She表示单数意义，be动词使用is，故填is observing。 9．Look! The kid over there (put) his book on the table, preparing for the next class. 【答案】is putting 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看！那边的孩子正在把书放在桌子上，为下一节课做准备。put(放)是谓语动词，结合“Look!”可知，描述说话时正在发生的动作，用现在进行时态，主语“The kid”是单数名词，be动词用is。故填is putting。 10．My mother (pack) the fresh fruits and homemade snacks she prepared carefully while my father is checking the car to make sure everything is ready for our weekend camping trip. 【答案】is packing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我的母亲正在把新鲜水果和她精心准备的自制零食打包起来，而我的父亲则在检查车辆，以确保一切准备就绪，以便我们能进行周末的露营之旅。分析句子可知，while连接两个同时进行的动作，后面is checking，前面也要用现在进行时，所以填is packing。故填is packing。 过去进行时 【知识精讲】 1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。 2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么？ 3.用于时间状语从句中。 My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。 提示：表示感觉、感官的动词（see，look，hear，notice等），表示态度和感情、心理的动词（like等）及表示存在、继续的动词（be等），以及have，belong表示“占有”时，不用进行时。如“他今天看起来不错”应译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have a new computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer. 注意：过去进行时常用的时间状语有： at that time在那时 last night昨晚 then那时，当时 yesterday昨天 【巩固提升】 1．The summer vacation had just started, and Ethan was excited about all the adventures that (be) waiting for him. 【答案】were 【详解】考查时态。句意：暑假刚刚开始，Ethan对所有正等待他的冒险感到兴奋。本空在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，that指代先行词adventures，为复数，be动词用were。故填were。 2．We (shelter) from the rain at the entrance of a shop when someone handed us an umbrella. 【答案】were sheltering 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们正在一家商店的入口处避雨，这时有人递给我们一把伞。此处为be doing... when...句型，表示“正在做……这时……”，描述过去正在发生的事情，用过去进行时，主语为We，be动词用were，谓语用were sheltering。故填were sheltering。 3．The little boy (struggle) to carry the heavy box when his father came to help him. 【答案】was struggling 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：那个小男孩正费力地搬着那个沉重的箱子，这时他的父亲赶过来帮忙了。be doing...when...是固定句型，意为“正在……这时……”，由came可知，空格处用过去进行时，主语The little boy是单数，因此空格处是was struggling。故填was struggling。 4．He said his train (leave) at 6 p.m., so he had to hurry. 【答案】was leaving 【详解】句意：他说他的火车下午六点发车，所以他不得不抓紧时间。主句为一般过去时，结合“so he had to hurry”可知，从句陈述的动作还未发生，leave表示“离开”，位移动词，此处用过去进行时was leaving表计划好将要发生的动作。 5．They (leave) when the bell started ringing. 【答案】were leaving 【详解】句意：他们正要动身，这时铃声响了。固定句型be doing... when... 表示“正要做某事，这时突然……”，根据started可知，此处应用过去进行时，主语They为复数，be动词用were。 6．She said the bus (leave) at 5:00 the next morning. 【答案】was leaving 【详解】考查时态。句意：她说公交车第二天早上5点出发。主句谓语动词“said”是一般过去时，根据语境，这里描述的是从过去的角度看即将发生的动作，leave(离开，出发)是从句中谓语动词，用过去进行时形式可以表示过去按计划或安排要发生的动作，主语the bus是单数名词，谓语用单数形式was leaving。故填was leaving。 7．As Teachers’ Day (approach), our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. 【答案】was approaching 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举办一个聚会来庆祝今年这个重要的日子。在as引导的状语从句中作谓语，此处为进行时表将来，根据后文decided可知为过去进行时。故填was approaching。 8．He said that the silly questions were always (ask) by the boy. 【答案】being asked 【详解】考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致。句意：他说那些愚蠢的问题总是那个男孩问的。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主句的谓语动词“said”为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态，根据“were always...”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段内持续进行的动作，且带有一定的感情色彩（如抱怨、不满等），应用过去进行时，且主语“the silly questions”与动词“ask”之间为被动关系，所以用过去进行时的被动语态；主语为复数，be动词用were。故填being asked。 9．I was at those things because my mind was full of ,and those things were   me all the time. (annoy) 【答案】 annoyed annoying annoyances annoying 【详解】考查形容词、名词以及动词。句意：我对那些烦人的事情很恼火，因为我的脑海里充满了烦恼的事情，这些事情一直在烦我。第一个空处需要形容词作表语。annoy的形容词形式为annoyed和annoying。annoyed意为“生气的”，该形容描述人的情绪状态，表示人感到感到烦恼、生气或不耐烦的。annoying意为“令人生气的”，该形容词描述事物或行为的性质，如果某事或某人的行为令人感到烦恼、不耐烦或生气。所以第一个空处需要形容词annoyed；第二个空为形容词作定语，表示“令人烦恼的事情”，所以用annoying；第三个空处需要名词作介词of的宾语。annoy的名词形式为annoyance，该词作为“令人烦恼的事情”时是可数名词，根据full of可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式；第四个空处需要动词在句中作谓语。根据空前的were和“all the time”可知，本句话为过去进行时态，表示“厌恶”的感情色彩，所以空处需要现在分词。故填①annoyed②annoying③annoyances④annoying。 10．He (break) his leg when he (play) in a football match against another school. 【答案】 broke was playing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在和另一所学校进行足球比赛时摔断了腿。分析句子可知，when引导时间状语从句，“摔断腿”是短暂性动作，用一般过去时；“踢足球”是当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故填broke；was playing。 将来进行时 【知识精讲】 1.由“shall/will be+现在分词”构成，第一人称用shall/will，其他人称都用will。 Don’t call me tonight,I shall/will be doing my homework at that time.今晚别给我打电话，那时我在写作业。 He’ll be leaving in two days.他后两天动身。 2.表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作，常常带有时间状语短语或时间状语从句。 What will he be doing this time next year?明年的此时他会在干什么？ When you get to the station at nine tomorrow,I will be waiting for you there.明天你9点到车站时，我将在那儿等你。 3.表示按计划将要发生的动作。 They will be having their holidays in June.他们将于6月份放假。 提示：将来进行时在口语中使用比较普遍，它不带感情色彩，单纯表示一个将来的动作。 【巩固提升】 1．This time next month, our class (travel) in Xiamen and enjoying the sea view. 【答案】will be traveling/will be travelling 【详解】考查时态。句意：下个月的这个时候，我们班将在厦门旅行，欣赏海景。travel“旅行”。根据时间状语This time next month可知，句子描述的是将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，时态用将来进行时，谓语用will be traveling或will be travelling。故填will be travelling/will be traveling。 2．What you (do) when the opening ceremony starts next Friday? 【答案】 will be doing 【详解】考查时态。句意：下周五开幕式开始的时候，你正在做什么？时间状语when the opening ceremony starts next Friday表示将来的时间点，询问该时刻正在进行的动作，用将来进行时will be doing，特殊疑问句中助动词will提前。故填will；be doing。 3．At this time tomorrow, I (fly) to Shanghai to attend an important meeting. 【答案】will be flying 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：明天这个时候，我将正在飞往上海参加一个重要会议。分析句子可知，At this time tomorrow是将来某一具体时间点，需用将来进行时，其结构为：will be + 现在分词，来强调该时间点正在进行的动作；fly的现在分词是flying。故填will be flying。 4．At 9 o’clock this evening I (watch) a movie with my family in the cinema. 【答案】will be watching 【详解】考查时态。句意：今晚九点，我将和家人一起在电影院观看电影。at 9 o’clock this evening 是将来进行时的标志性时间状语，强调将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，结构为 will be + 现在分词，故填will be watching。 5．— Can we meet at 2 p.m. this Sunday? —I’m afraid not. I (prepare) for my English speech contest at that time. 【答案】will be preparing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我们这周日下午两点能见面吗？——恐怕不行。那个时候我将正在准备我的英语演讲比赛。this Sunday at 2 p.m.是将来的一个具体时间点，强调在将来这个时间点正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be+现在分词”。故填will be preparing。 6．Don’t call me between 8 and 10 p.m. tomorrow. I (take) a piano lesson then. 【答案】will be taking 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天晚上8点到10点之间别给我打电话。我那时候正在上钢琴课。时间状语between 8 and 10 p.m. tomorrow表示将来的一个具体时间段。句尾的then指代这个时间段，语境表示在将来某个具体时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，因此要用将来进行时“will be + doing”结构。故填will be taking。 7．In an ideal world we would be (recycle) and reusing everything. 【答案】recycling 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在理想世界里，我们会回收并重复利用所有东西。此句使用“would be + 现在分词”构成过去将来进行时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。recycle与reusing并列，所以要用现在分词形式recycling，在句中与reusing共同构成谓语部分。故填recycling。 8．This time tomorrow he (fly) to Shanghai. 【答案】will be flying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天这个时候他就会飞往上海了。根据上文This time tomorrow可知，此处表示将来某个时间要进行的事情，用将来进行时。故填will be flying。 9．Tomorrow at 8 p.m., I (attend) an online lecture on environmental science. 【答案】will be attending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天晚上8点，我将参加一场关于环境科学的在线讲座。句中时间状语Tomorrow at 8 p.m.表示将来某个具体的时间点，强调在该时间点正在进行的动作，时态应用将来进行时will be doing。故填will be attending。 10．The company still claimed that most people (be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. 【答案】would be 【详解】考查时态。句意：该公司仍宣称，未来不久，大多数人将会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。that引导宾语从句，设空处为从句谓语；根据主句谓语claimed以及从句中的时间状语one day soon可知，此处应用过去将来进行时。故此处填would be，与空后travelling共同构成过去将来进行时。故填would be。 考点三 完成式（现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时） 现在完成时 【知识精讲】 1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称都用have。 Jack has taught English in our school for three years.杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。 I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。 2.表示“继续”，说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。 The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。 3.表示“经验”，说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时，说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。 Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。 提示：有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态，因此它们不能和由since，for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive（到达），buy（购买），come（来），die（死亡），get up（起床），go（去），join（参加），leave（离开），open（打开）等。 注意：现在完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 for a long time很长时间 never从未 for three months3个月之久 now现在 recently/lately近来 since自从 since 1991从1991年以来 since then其后 so far迄今为止 this week这周 till/up to now直到现在 today今天 yet仍然，已经 during the last two weeks在最近两个星期 in the past few days在最近几天 【巩固提升】 1．So far, we (spot) many problems that the old people face in their daily lives. 【答案】have spotted 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们已经发现了许多老年人在日常生活中所面临的问题。根据上文So far可知为现在完成时，主语为we，助动词用have。 2．The list of students who have won awards in the competition (announce) on the school website so far. 【答案】has been announced 【详解】句意：到目前为止，在比赛中获奖的学生名单已经公布在学校网站上了。根据“so far”可知，此处表示从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；且主语The list of students who have won awards in the competition与动词announce之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语中心词为the list，助动词用 has。 3．This is one of the few software companies that (develop) more than ten popular web applications since 2025. 【答案】have developed 【详解】句意：这是自2025年以来为数不多的几家开发了超过十款热门网络应用程序的软件公司之一。空处作从句的谓语，结合“since 2025”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，that引导的限制性定语从句的先行词是the few software companies，为复数，在从句中作主语，助动词应用have。 4．Tom’s crazy about playing video games for hours every night, which (drive) his parents crazy these days.  【答案】has driven 【详解】句意：汤姆每晚痴迷于玩好几个小时电子游戏，这些天这已经让他的父母抓狂了。设空处作定语从句谓语，结合时间状语these days可知用现在完成时，先行词指代整件事为单数，再结合所给词drive，其现在完成时形式为has driven。 5．He (suffer) from lung cancer for many years. 【答案】has suffered 【详解】句意：他患肺癌已有多年。时间状语“for many years”表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。主语“He”为第三人称单数，故用“has + 过去分词”。suffer的过去分词为suffered。 6．It’s said that this old tree in the village (stand) for over 500 years. 【答案】has stood 【详解】句意：据说村里这棵古树已经存在超过500年了。for over 500 years表示一段时间，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，所以用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语this old tree是第三人称单数，用has，stand的过去分词是stood。 7．Don’t touch the food. The meat smells as if it (go) bad. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：别碰那些食物。这肉闻起来好像已经变质了。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has。 8．There (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：在历史的长河中，曾有过多次发明的辉煌时期。表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语为ages，助动词用have。 9．This tradition (survive) for hundreds of years, still attracting people with its rich culture and mental challenge. 【答案】has survived 【详解】句意：这一传统已经延续数百年，依旧凭借深厚的文化底蕴与思维挑战吸引着人们。根据时间状语for hundreds of years和句意可知，用现在完成时，主语This tradition为单数，谓语动词用has survived。 10．The number of applicants (rise) greatly over the past three years. 【答案】has risen 【详解】句意：在过去三年里，申请者的数量大幅增加。rise(增加)作谓语，根据时间状语“over the past three years”可知，讲述过去持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时态，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式has risen。 过去完成时 【知识精讲】 1.由“had+过去分词”构成。 The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候，电影已经开演了。 2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months. 到上个月末，杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。 3.与when，before，till等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生时间的前后。 She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back. 她父母回来之前，她已经打扫了房间。 4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。 He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。 提示：过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词：expect，suppose，hope，intend，mean，think等。 We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶8：30的火车，却发现它已经开走了。 注意：过去完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直到9点 up till then直到那时 up till last night直到昨晚 by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前 【巩固提升】 1．Originally, they (plan) to drive to the countryside for a holiday, but this was put off because of extreme weather. 【答案】had planned 【详解】句意：起初，他们原本计划开车去乡下度假，但由于恶劣天气的缘故，行程被推迟了。此处表示原本打算，为过去的过去，用过去完成时。 2．By the time the firefighters broke down the door, the neighbor (rescue) the elderly woman from the burning house. 【答案】had rescued 【详解】句意：当消防员破门而入时，邻居已经从着火的房子里救出了那位老妇人。此处为谓语动词，by the time引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，要用过去完成时，结构为“had+过去分词”，rescue的过去分词为rescued。 3．It was the first time I (see) him so angry and passionate. 【答案】had seen 【详解】句意：那是我第一次见到他如此愤怒又激动的样子。此处为句型It was the first time+过去完成时，空格处用过去完成时，主语是I，see的过去分词为seen。 4．Never would I forget that was the first time we (cooperate) so successfully. 【答案】had cooperated 【详解】考查时态。句意：我永远不会忘记，那是我们首次如此成功地合作。此处为句型that was the first time+过去完成时，表示“第一次做某事”。故填had cooperated。 5．There (be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully. 【答案】had been 【详解】考查时态。句意：在他们最终成功地找到克隆猴子的方法之前，已经有很多次失败了。提示词是“There be句型”中谓语动词，结合时间状语“before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时态had been。故填had been。 6．He (lose) the keys, so he had to wait outside the house. 【答案】 had lost 【详解】句意：他弄丢了钥匙，所以不得不在屋外等着。根据had to wait可知，“等待”这一动作发生在过去，结合语意以及常识可知，丢钥匙的动作发生在等待之前，属于“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时had lost。 7．By the time the rescue team reached the cave, the injured climber (lie) there for nearly two days. (所 【答案】had lain/had been lying 【详解】考查时态。句意：等到救援队伍赶到洞穴时，这名受伤的登山者已经在那里躺了近两天了。By the time是完成时的标志，由the rescue team reached可知，句子用过去完成时，空格处是had lain，也可用过去完成进行时表示动作的持续，故填had lain/had been lying。 8．Phoenix Techonology (open) 215 routes by the end of 2023. 【答案】had opened 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到2023 年底，凤凰科技已经开通了215条线路。此处为谓语动词的填入，时间状语by the end of 2023（到 2023 年底为止）是过去完成时的标志。结构：had + 过去分词，表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作。故填had opened。 9．Scarcely she gone out when it began to rain. 【答案】had 【详解】考查时态和倒装。句意：她刚一出去，天就开始下雨了。此处为固定句型scarcely...when...，意为“一……就……”，此句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，且当scarcely位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即将助动词had提前。故填had。 10．Before he offered me drink, I (take off) my coat. 【答案】had taken off 【详解】考查时态。句意：在他给我拿饮料之前，我已经脱掉了外套。Before he offered me drink表明offer这个动作发生在过去，而take off my coat发生在offer之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had +过去分词”。故填had taken off。 将来完成时 【知识精讲】 1.由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成，第一人称用shall/will，其他人称都用will。 I shall/will have read this book by Friday.到星期五，我就看完这本书了。 2.表示动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间，常用延续性动词。多与by，for，before等时间状语连用。 We shall have walked a long way before we reach there.到达那儿前，我们将要走很长一段路。 3.表示动作在将来某一段时间以前已结束，但其影响却持续到那一时间，常用终止性动词。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候你就到上海了。 提示：在时间和条件状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.我把书看完了再提意见。 【巩固提升】 1．By the year 2050, the world’s population (reach) approximately 9.7 billion, according to UN projections. 【答案】will have reached 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国预测，到2050年，世界人口将达到约97亿。“by the year 2050”表示“到将来某一时间为止”，主句动作在该时间点前已完成，应使用将来完成时，故填will have reached。 2．By the year 2030, scientists (find) a more effective way to solve the environmental problem. 【答案】will have found 【详解】考查时态。句意：到2030年，科学家们将找到一种更有效的方法来解决环境问题。根据时间状语“By the year 2030”可知，此处强调动作在将来的时间（2030年）前完成，应用将来完成时。故填will have found。 3．By the time the letter reaches you, I (leave) for London to attend an important meeting. 【答案】will have left 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意：等你收到这封信的时候，我将已经动身前往伦敦参加一个重要会议了。by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来完成时，强调 “将来某时前已完成的动作”。故填will have left。 4．By the time he retires, he (work) there for 30 years. 【答案】will have worked 【详解】考查时态。句意：到他退休时，他在那里的工作年限将满 30 年。“by the time + 一般现在时”引导时间状语从句时，主句用将来完成时（will have worked），表示 “到将来某个时间点为止，动作已经完成或持续了一段时间”。故填will have worked。 5．By the time of next year, all of you (become) college students. 【答案】will have become 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意：到明年的时候，你们都已经成为大学生了。根据时间状语“By the time of next year”可知，此处描述在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作，使用将来完成时，故填will have become。 6．By the time AI is put into use in our daily life, the new technologies (transform) our life fundamentally. 【答案】will have transformed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：等到人工智能应用到我们的日常生活中时，这些新技术将从根本上改变我们的生活。此处为谓语动词，transform意为“使改变形态”，根据“By the time AI is put into use in our daily life”可知，此处表示到将来某个时间已经完成的动作，时态应用将来完成时，谓语用will have transformed。故填will have transformed。 7．Some experts estimate that by 2050, the world population (reach) 9 billion. 【答案】will have reached 【详解】考查时态。句意：一些专家估计，到2050年，世界人口将达到90亿。根据by 2050可知，此处指将来某个时间点前已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时。故填will have reached。 8．If you keep practicing the piano for an hour every day, you (master) all the basic techniques of classical music by next summer. 【答案】will have mastered 【详解】句意：如果你每天坚持练一小时钢琴，到明年夏天你就能掌握古典音乐的所有基本技巧了。句中“if”引导条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 原则，从句用一般现在时（keep practicing），主句需体现 “到未来某时间点已完成的动作”。时间状语 by next summer（到明年夏天为止）是将来完成时的标志性提示，该时态结构为 “will have + 过去分词”。所给词 master 的过去分词为 mastered。故填will have mastered。 9．If you go on at the present speed, you (use) up all the petroleum (汽油) by the end of the month. 【答案】will have used 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果以现在的速度继续下去，到月底你就会用完所有汽油。use up“用完”。本空为主句谓语，根据“by the end of the month”这一将来时间状语可知，主句动作“用完汽油”会在将来某一时间点前完成，需用将来完成时will have done。故填will have used。 10．I (finish) reading the book by the end of the week. 【答案】shall have finished/will have finished 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到本周末我将已经读完这本书。根据by the end of the week“到本周末为止”可知，本句描述在未来时间点之前已完成的动作，时态用将来完成时。将来完成时的结构为 “will/shall have+过去分词”，其中shall多用于主语为第一人称时，will可用于各种人称。本句主语为I，finish的过去分词为finished，故填shall have finished或will have finished。 A 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。 The Chinese writing system, 1 dates back to several thousand years ago, is one of the reasons for the 2 (survive) of Chinese civilization. Researchers generally agree that the oldest symbols that are recognizable as Chinese characters are those 3 (find) on ancient oracle bones. These 3000-year-old symbols, known as jiaguwen, 4 (carve) on turtle shells and used to tell fortunes and record events. They give people in modern era insight into how ancient Chinese people saw the world around them and into how they expressed their observations 5 (creative). As people were divided geographically, this well-developed writing system evolved into 6 (variety) dialects and characters. It was not until Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country, 7 the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. This united system has been 8 great importance in connecting Chinese people and culture of the present with those of the past. Thanks to it, no matter when and where you are, people can read and appreciate ancient Chinese 9 (classic). With China continuously playing a greater role in international community, 10 increasing number of foreign students are beginning to have a taste of Chinese characters and culture. 【答案】1．which 2．survival 3．found 4．were carved 5．creatively 6．various 7．that 8．of 9．classics 10．an 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国几千年前的汉字书写系统。 1．考查定语从句。句意：几千年前的汉字书写系统是中华文明得以存续的原因之一。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Chinese writing system，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。 2．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处为介词for的宾语，应用名词，表“生存”，故填survival。 3．考查过去分词。句意：研究人员普遍认为，可以识别为汉字的最古老的符号是在古代甲骨文上发现的那些符号。设空处修饰those，应用非谓语动词，those指代symbols，非谓语动词和symbols之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填found。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些被称为甲文的符号有3000年的历史，被雕刻在龟壳上，用来占卜和记录事件。设空处为谓语，和主语These 3000-year-old symbols 之间是被动关系，并且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词是were，故填were carved。 5．考查副词。句意：它们让现代人了解了古代中国人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们如何创造性地表达自己的观察。设空处修饰动词expressed，应用副词作状语，故填creatively。 6．考查形容词。 句意：随着人们在地理上的分裂，这种发达的文字系统演变成各种方言和汉字。设空处修饰名词dialects，应用形容词作定语，故填various。 7．考查强调句。句意：直到秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统才开始朝着一个方向发展。强调句为It is/was+强调部分+that/who+其他，本句是对时间状语进行强调，故填that。 8．考查固定短语。句意：这个统一的系统在连接中国人民和中国文化与过去的联系方面非常重要。Be of importance相当于be important，符合句意，故填of。 9．考查名词。句意：有了它，无论何时何地，人们都可以阅读和欣赏中国古代名著。设空处为宾语，应用名词，可数名词，结合语境应用复数形式，故填classics。 10．考查固定短语。句意：随着中国在国际社会中不断发挥更大的作用，越来越多的外国学生开始领略中国的文字和文化。短语an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”，符合句意，故填an。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Today, life as a teenager has changed greatly. The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless for some, but difficult for others. There are many 1 (challenge) to face, decisions to make, and roads to take. Being a teenager means we’re no longer a child but we’re not 2 adult either. We make great efforts 3 (live) up to so many expectations from our friends, family members, and sometimes even our parents’ friends too. 4 (actual), in this stage of life, we’re expected to be responsible 5 something yet we’ re not allowed to do just as much as adults can. All adults see us as children 6 are trying to be someone we can’t be just yet. Many adults expect us to act just as they did, but they don’t understand that we 7 (raise) differently. Times have changed compared to 30 years ago when our parents were teenagers. Back then they 8 (have) more time away from phones, computers and TVs. They communicated face to face more. Nowadays we communicate online. The best part of being a teenager is being able to find things at the click of a button (按钮). With 9 (advance) technology, today’s generation doesn’t struggle (挣扎) as much as they did 30 years ago. The new technology plays an important role in our lives. Teenagers nowadays are 10 (close) than ever. We can easily reach each other with a mobile phone or a computer. 【答案】1．challenges 2．an 3．to live 4．Actually 5．for 6．who/that 7．are raised 8．had 9．advanced 10．closer 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕青少年生活的变化和挑战展开，提出了青少年在成长过程中需要面对的各种期望、挑战以及现代科技对他们生活的影响，并通过对比过去和现在的青少年生活，表达了对青少年成长环境的看法。 1．考查名词的数。句意：他们需要面对许多挑战，做出许多决定，并选择不同的道路。分析句子成分，根据空前的“many”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填challenges。 2．考查冠词。句意：成为一名青少年意味着我们不再是个孩子，但我们也还未成年。分析句子成分可知，空处为冠词，修饰空后的名词“adult”，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头。故填an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们竭尽全力去满足朋友、家人，有时甚至是我们父母的朋友对我们的诸多期望。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to live。 4．考查副词。句意：实际上，在这个人生阶段，我们被期望承担某些责任，但我们却不能像成年人那样随心所欲地行事。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式，担当本句的状语；空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。 5．考查固定短语。句意：实际上，在这个人生阶段，我们被期望承担某些责任，但我们却不能像成年人那样随心所欲地行事。根据句意可知，空处考查固定短语：be responsible for，意为“对……负责”，符合句意。故填for。 6．考查定语从句。句意：所有成年人都把我们看作是想成为某种我们还无法成为的人的孩子。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“children”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 7．考查谓语动词。句意：许多成年人期望我们像他们当年那样行事，但他们不理解我们的成长环境已经不同。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句谓语动词，根据句意可知，从句表示一般性事实，谓语动词用一般现在时；主语为“we”，复数，和动词“raise”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are raised。 8．考查谓语动词。句意：那时，他们有更多的时间远离手机、电脑和电视，更多地面对面交流。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“back then”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填had。 9．考查形容词。句意：随着科技的进步，如今这一代人在很多事情上不像30年前那样挣扎。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式修饰空后的名词“technology”，意为“先进的”。故填advanced。 10．考查比较级。句意：现在的青少年比以往任何时候都更加紧密。根据空后的“than ever”可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填closer。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On December 31st, Deyun Society held a grand New Year’s Eve Quyi special, with the main stage interacting in real time with the other eight branch venues (会场), 1 (attract) widespread public attention. This event showed the potential of traditional Chinese performing arts in the digital age, proving they can still draw the public’s interest through modern forms. Crosstalk, a representative (代表的) form of traditional Chinese Quyi, 2 (date) back to the mid-Qing Dynasty in Beijing. It was shaped by street performers who combined 3 (vary) forms of mimicry (模仿), storytelling, and joke-telling, 4 aim is to “make people laugh, then make them think”. And it was once deeply loved by the audience. But now due to the flood of short videos and online games, many traditional art forms, including crosstalk, 5 (ignore) by most young people today, are struggling to survive. 6 worsens the crisis is that few young people are willing to invest years in learning the techniques. If 7 (leave) unattended, these cultural treasures, which carry historical and regional voices, could gradually fade from public memory. It is in this context that the role of groups like Deyun Society seems important. That night, by mixing classic techniques 8 heated topics and using online platforms 9 (reach) wider audiences, they reconnected the art with younger generations. The approach offers a new model — one that respects 10 (art) roots while adapting to changing times, ensuring that the laughter and wisdom of Quyi continue to inspire generations to come. 【答案】1．attracting 2．dates 3．various 4．whose 5．ignored 6．What 7．left 8．with 9．to reach 10．artistic 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述德云社跨年曲艺演出借助现代形式走红，展现传统曲艺新活力。相声等传统艺术面临困境，需与时俱进、守正创新才能传承发展。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：12月31日，德云社举办了一场盛大的跨年曲艺专场，主舞台与另外八个分会场实时互动，这吸引了公众的广泛关注。句子已有谓语动词held，此空考查非谓语，此处表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填attracting。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：相声是中国传统曲艺的代表性形式，它的历史可以追溯到清代中叶的北京。空处作句子的谓语，date back to“追溯到”没有被动语态，且描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Crosstalk是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 3．考查形容词。句意：它是由街头艺人融合了各种各样的模仿、说书和讲笑话等形式发展而来的，目的是“先让人发笑，再让人思考”。空处修饰名词forms，需要用形容词various作定语，表“不同的”。故填various。 4．考查定语从句。句意：它是由街头艺人融合了各种各样的模仿、说书和讲笑话等形式发展而来的，目的是“先让人发笑，再让人思考”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词It指Crosstalk，与aim是所属关系，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：但现在由于短视频和网络游戏泛滥，包括相声在内的许多传统艺术形式被大多数年轻人忽视，正艰难生存。此空考查非谓语，art forms与ignore是被动关系，应用过去分词ignored作后置定语。故填ignored。 6．考查主语从句。句意：让这场危机变得更糟的是，很少有年轻人愿意花费多年时间去学习这些技艺。这里考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语且指事物，用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果被放任不管，这些承载着历史与地域声音的文化瑰宝可能会逐渐从公众的记忆中淡出。此处是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主从句主语一致且谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词。此处完整形式为if these cultural treasures are left unattended，省略these cultural treasures are后，应用过去分词left。故填left。 8．考查介词。句意：那天晚上，他们把经典技艺与热点话题结合在一起，并借助网络平台触达更广泛的受众，让艺术重新走进了年轻一代。这里考查固定短语mix...with...，表示“把……和……混合”。故填with。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：那天晚上，他们把经典技艺与热点话题结合在一起，并借助网络平台触达更广泛的受众，让艺术重新走进了年轻一代。use sth. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“利用某物做某事”，此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to reach。 10．考查形容词。句意：这种方法提供了一种新模式——它既尊重艺术的根源，又顺应时代变化，确保曲艺的欢笑与智慧能持续启迪后人。空处修饰名词roots，需要用形容词artistic作定语，表“艺术的”。故填artistic。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $