Unit 9 Human Biology（单元同步写作讲义） 英语北师大版选择性必修第三册

本讲义聚焦高中英语正式电子邮件写作核心知识点，以求职申请信为载体，系统梳理从话题解读（定义及沟通目的）、写作任务（申请“editor of the music column”岗位）、审题指导（原因、优势、经历要点）到写作框架、词汇句型积累（如“position”“qualification”及“I am writing to apply for...”句型）的完整脉络，提供框架图、素材表等可视化学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，通过“开头-主体-结尾”逻辑框架提升学生写作条理性，词汇句型积累强化语言准确性，拓展训练涵盖志愿者申请、道歉信等场景促进知识迁移。课中辅助教师系统教学，课后助力学生巩固应用，有效查漏补缺。

Unit 9 Human Biology 同步写作课讲义-北师大版选择性必修第三册 ( ⭐ 话题解读 ⭐ ) 概要写作 Summary 概要写作是读写结合类正式书面题型，核心目的是删减事例、细节与数据，分层提炼原文主干，客观转述文章内容，不掺杂个人主观看法。 ( ⭐ 写作任务 ⭐ ) 本单元主要话题概要写作（Summary Writing）：提炼文章核心信息，剔除举例、细节描写，分层概括段落、客观缩写原文的应用文写作。 ( ⭐ 审题指导 ⭐ ) 写作任务从两篇课文中任选一篇完成概要：Epidemics Explained / To Clone or Not to Clone? 写作要点： 通读原文，划分文章结构层次； 每个层次用 1–2 句话概括关键信息； 删掉举例、具体细节和多余数据； 保持客观，不加个人观点，恰当使用过渡词。 注意：写作词数 80 左右；可适当添加连接词，保证行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( ⭐ 写作框架 ⭐ ) ( ⭐ 素材宝库 ⭐ ) ( 词汇积累 ) 1. summary n. 摘要 2. clone n.&v. 克隆 3. identical adj. 完全相同的 4. infectious adj. 传染的 5. epidemic n. 流行病 6. conclude v. 总结 7. remove v. 剔除 ( 句型积累 ) 1. 开头：点明文章主旨、给出概念 The passage mainly focuses on… （文章主要围绕…… 展开） The text starts with the definition of… （文章开篇给出…… 的定义） 2. 主体：概括文章分层内容 Then the author presents different attitudes towards… （接着作者阐述了关于…… 的不同观点） Apart from that, it introduces relevant facts about… （除此之外，文章介绍了有关…… 的相关事实） 3. 结尾：概括文末总结内容 In conclusion, the article ends with… （总而言之，文章最后以…… 收尾） ( 写作原则 ) ✅客观：不加个人观点、感想 ✅精简：删举例、数据、细节、小故事 ✅分层：按原文结构分段概括（开头 — 主体 — 结尾） ✅改写：换词、变句型，不整句摘抄原文 两类课文素材分类 ① Epidemics Explained（流行病） 要点 1：epidemic 定义（传染病快速蔓延） 要点 2：历代重大疫病（黑死病、西班牙流感） 要点 3：新世纪疫病（SARS、埃博拉） 要点 4：全球科研者携手寻找疗法 ② To Clone or Not to Clone?（克隆） 要点 1：克隆定义（自然 / 人工培育相同生命体） 要点 2：克隆优势 要点 3：克隆隐患与争议 要点 4：人们对人类克隆观点不一 ( ⭐ 参考范文 ⭐ ) 范文 1：Epidemics Explained The passage mainly explains what an epidemic is, which means the rapid spread of infectious diseases resulting in numerous deaths.（宾语从句 + 非限制性定语从句） According to research, various deadly epidemics have appeared throughout history, and new diseases like SARS and EVD have struck people in the 21st century.（并列句） Nowadays, scientists worldwide are cooperating to figure out disease causes and seek effective cures.（不定式作目的状语） 范文 2：To Clone or Not to Clone? The passage first defines cloning as creating identical copies of creatures either naturally or artificially, which has existed for a long time.（非限制性定语从句） Then it talks about arguments over human cloning, including its potential benefits and hidden risks.（现在分词作伴随状语） In short, people still hold mixed opinions on whether human cloning should be permitted.（宾语从句） ( ⭐ 写作拓展 ⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （选修3课内阅读） 摘要写作HOW TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT? Perhaps, you are a smart person with good knowledge and creative ideas, but when you move to a new environment or have to work with some new people, it is not always easy for them to recognise you or respect you immediately. How can you get along with others? How can you get other people to pay attention to you and respect you? Be curious and be willing to learn new things, knowledge and skills. Moving to a new working environment, you may need to deal with things that don’t belong to your own field. In such a case, people who are more willing to learn new things can become more flexible and be able to meet new requirements in their job. Have a good sense of judgement on important aspects. Learning or working in a new environment, you need to have a good sense of judgement when joining a discussion or making a decision. You should consider what is virtually right, and look for long-term goals, and not be distracted by small choices for the short term. Be confident and make eye contact when talking to people. When you go out and meet people, it is important to look confident. For example, if you are going to an interview, but you don’t feel confident, what can you do? Before you walk in, think to yourself, “I own the room.” Then, walk in holding your head high and smile. Remember to look other people in the eye — it’s the key to creating a connection with people. Soon, you will feel as confident as you look. Set clear goals and learn. When working together with others, it is important that you have a clear vision and a working plan to achieve it. Let people know what you stand for. You need to find out which ideas can really unite people and then express those ideas clearly. Also, treat your team members respectfully as equals. Be helpful to others. When working, don’t focus on what is your work and what isn’t. After doing your own work, always be ready to help others. 写作要点： 通读原文，划分文章结构层次； 每个层次用 1–2 句话概括关键信息； 删掉举例、具体细节和多余数据； 保持客观，不加个人观点，恰当使用过渡词。 注意：写作词数 80 左右；可适当添加连接词，保证行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This article introduces five practical tips to succeed in a new environment when getting along with unfamiliar people. First, stay curious and keep learning new content to adapt flexibly to unfamiliar work. Second, develop sound judgement to prioritize long-term interests over trivial short-term choices during decisions. Third, build confidence via positive body language like eye contact and upright posture to connect with others. Fourth, set definite goals, make practical plans and respect teammates equally to unite the group. Finally, offer help to colleagues after finishing your own tasks instead of sticking strictly to your job scope. 解析 1. 结构拆解 开头总起：一句话点明文章主旨：文章给出 5 条适应新环境、收获他人认可的实用方法，对应原文首段提出的问题。 分点浓缩 5 个要点：逐条提炼原文 5 个小标题的核心，剔除举例（面试例子）、细节铺垫，只保留方法内核： ① 保持好学→灵活适应陌生工作； ② 提升判断力→决策立足长远、不被短期小事干扰； ③ 自信 + 眼神交流→肢体语言助力人际联结； ④ 设定清晰目标 + 平等尊重队友→凝聚团队； ⑤ 完成本职后主动助人，不局限自身工作边界。 2. 摘要写作思路解析 1）删减原则：删除原文设问、举例等修饰内容，只保留论点； 2）同义替换：用高级词汇简化原句（如 sound judgement = good sense of judgement；prioritize = look for），缩短篇幅； 3）逻辑串联：用 First/Second/Third/Fourth/Finally 串联 5 个分论点，贴合原文并列结构； 4）字数把控：原文约 320 词，摘要 110 词左右，符合英文摘要 “原文 1/3 篇幅” 标准。 （选修4课内阅读） 摘要写作HUTONG Every year thousands of tourists flock to China. They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing’s past. Hutongs — the many little alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards¹ of traditional houses — are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture². Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there. The majority of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them keep control over the city, the Emperors arranged different areas of Beijing in neat blocks of houses built around courtyards. They were then able to place guards at the entrances of hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements. The Emperor’s home, the Forbidden City, was in the centre of Beijing and the homes of the nobles and wealthy citizens were in the hutongs closest to the royal palace. Ordinary citizens lived in the hutongs further away. By connecting people's homes, the hutongs in fact connected people's lives, whether the lives of the rich or the ordinary citizens. Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each other’s lives. They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sorrow of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense³ together. Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions in Beijing's hutongs went down as the political situation cast a dark cloud on China's economy. Many new hutongs were quickly built to house the increasing population but these were poorly made. The turning point came when the People's Republic of China was set up. Conditions were improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs. Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing's life and it is not surprising that tourists love the hutongs. They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back 900 years, wander down Dongjiaominxiang — the longest hutong at about 1.6 km, or squeeze through Qianshi — the narrowest at only 40 cm wide! The hutongs not only link Beijing's streets and communities, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city. 单词注释 1 courtyard n. 庭院 2 architecture n. 建筑 3 incense n. 香 写作要点： 通读原文，划分文章结构层次； 每个层次用 1–2 句话概括关键信息； 删掉举例、具体细节和多余数据； 保持客观，不加个人观点，恰当使用过渡词。 注意：写作词数 80 左右；可适当添加连接词，保证行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This passage introduces Beijing’s hutongs, a distinctive ancient architectural symbol. Most hutongs took shape from the 13th to 19th centuries under three dynasties, originally designed by emperors for city management with a layered residential layout for nobles and commoners. Functionally, hutongs linked households to form tight-knit neighbourhood communities where residents shared daily lives. While hutong conditions declined in late Qing due to poor economy, they got well-preserved after the founding of New China. Today, various old hutongs remain popular tourist spots, connecting Beijing’s past history and modern urban life. 解析 1. 摘要结构拆解（对应原文五段） 首段概括：开篇总述，hutong 是北京标志性古建，不单指小巷，还包含院落与聚居社群，是游客了解老北京的窗口。 第二段提炼：点明建造时间（元明清 13–19 世纪）与建造初衷：帝王为管控城市分区修建，按身份远近划分贵族、平民居住区位。 第三段浓缩：胡同核心价值：串联院落，催生邻里共生的传统社群生活，居民共享喜怒哀乐。 第四段精简：清末时局衰败致使胡同破败；新中国成立后政府修缮保护，迎来转折。 尾段收尾：现存各式特色胡同成为热门景点，串联北京的历史与当下。 2. 摘要写作思路 删繁就简：剔除原文举例（三条特色胡同的具体数据细节、生活小事如借拖把、共享菜谱），只保留主干事实； 同义改写：替换原句冗长表达，如 cast a dark cloud on economy = poor economy、undertake preservation = get well-preserved； 逻辑串联：按照「定义→起源建造→社群作用→兴衰变迁→现代价值」原文行文逻辑串联全段； 篇幅控制：原文约 420 词，摘要 100 词左右，符合英文摘要规范（原文 1/3 篇幅）。 3．（25-26高二下·辽宁鞍山·期中）假定你是高二学生李华，你校将于下月举办“未来创想——造物集”活动（The Future Creators’ Fair），现面向全校招募三大板块（《文化展览、科幻创作、自然诗韵》）的内容创作者。请根据以下提示给学生会负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： （1）申请的板块； （2）创作构思； （3）期待入选。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Dear Chairman, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chairman, I am Li Hua, a Senior 2 student. I am writing to apply to be a content creator for the “Sci-Fi Creation” section in the upcoming Future Creators’ Fair. My creation will focus on a future city powered entirely by clean energy. I plan to write a short story about a teenager who invents a device to turn waste into resources. Through this story, I hope to inspire students to think about environmental protection and technological innovation. I would appreciate it if you could consider my application. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以高二学生李华的身份，给学生会负责人写一封申请信，申请成为“未来创想——造物集”活动板块创作者，介绍所选板块、创作构思并表达入选期待。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming → approaching 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 鼓舞；启发：inspire → motivate 考虑：consider → take into account 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to apply to be a content creator for the “Sci-Fi Creation” section in the upcoming Future Creators’ Fair. 拓展句：Hearing that our school will hold the Future Creators’ Fair next month, I am writing to apply to be a content creator for the “Sci-Fi Creation” section. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】My creation will focus on a future city powered entirely by clean energy. (运用过去分词powered作后置定语) 【高分句型 2】I plan to write a short story about a teenager who invents a device to turn waste into resources. (运用who引导的定语从句) 4．（25-26高三下·陕西西安·阶段检测）假定你是校英文报编辑李华，学校拟推行“作业无纸化”方案，即所有作业均通过线上平台布置和提交，不再使用纸质作业。这一方案引发了同学们的广泛讨论，请你根据提示内容，写一篇英文评论稿，表达你的看法。 写作要求： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 涵盖双方观点，并给出你的辩证看法； 3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear readers, Our school is planning to carry out a “paperless homework”project, which has caused a hot discussion among us students. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear readers, Our school is planning to carry out a “paperless homework” project, which has caused a hot discussion among us students. Supporters speak highly of this new policy. On the one hand, it helps cut down paper waste and practise eco-friendly lifestyles effectively. On the other hand, online submission and correction greatly boost learning efficiency, and digital homework also makes it easier for students to sort out and review learning resources. Nevertheless, every coin has two sides. Some students worry that prolonged screen time will damage their eyesight. Moreover, electronic failures or network errors may interrupt study. Most importantly, handwriting practice contributes to better knowledge memorization and solid learning foundations. As far as I am concerned, we should adopt a flexible way. Combining online and paper homework can balance environmental benefits and efficient learning perfectly. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于评论稿。要求考生以校英文报编辑李华的身份，针对学校拟推行的“作业无纸化”方案，涵盖同学们的不同观点并给出自己的辩证看法。 【详解】1词汇积累 高度评价：speak highly of → think highly of 提高：boost → improve 帮助：help → assist 担心：worry → concern 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句 Supporters speak highly of this new policy. On the one hand, it helps cut down paper waste and practise eco-friendly lifestyles effectively. 拓展句 Supporters, who think highly of this new policy, believe that it helps cut down paper waste and practise eco-friendly lifestyles effectively. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Our school is planning to carry out a “paperless homework” project, which has caused a hot discussion among us students.（which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Some students worry that prolonged screen time will damage their eyesight.（that引导宾语从句） 5．（25-26高二下·浙江宁波·阶段检测）假如你是某中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。 (相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。)  100个单词 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 To stand out from ChatGPT, high school students should focus on developing critical thinking and emotional intelligence. While ChatGPT can process vast data, it lacks genuine human judgment and empathy. We must learn to question information sources and solve complex, real-world problems creatively. Furthermore, developing unique skills in arts, sports, or hands-on crafts is crucial. These areas require human passion and physical interaction, which AI cannot replicate. Finally, cultivating strong interpersonal and leadership skills will be invaluable. In the future, the ability to collaborate, inspire, and understand human needs will be our greatest competitive advantage. 【导语】题目要求考生就高中生应培养哪些知识技能以与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争发表观点，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累   专注于：focus on → concentrate on 解决：solve → address/settle 人际交往的：interpersonal → social 协作：collaborate → cooperate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In the future, the ability to collaborate, inspire, and understand human needs will be our greatest competitive advantage. 拓展句：In the future, the ability to collaborate, inspire, and understand human needs will be our greatest competitive advantage, as it distinguishes us from machines and algorithms. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While ChatGPT can process vast data, it lacks genuine human judgment and empathy. (运用while引导的让步状语从句)   [高分句型2] These areas require human passion and physical interaction, which AI cannot replicate. (运用which引导的定语从句)   6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）假定你是李华，请写一段话介绍你最喜欢的一项文艺创作类爱好。 词数：80词左右 需包含以下核心词汇（可变形）：painting, writing, photography, creative ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Among various artistic hobbies like painting, writing and photography, I love photography the most. It is the most creative way for me to discover and record the beauty of life. Different from painting that creates imaginary scenes and writing that expresses feelings through words, photography helps me capture real and touching moments in daily life. Whenever I take photos, I learn to observe the world carefully. This creative hobby enriches my spare time, broadens my horizons and always brings me endless joy and inspiration. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，介绍自己最喜欢的文艺创作类爱好，写作需包含指定词汇。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 有创意的：creative → inventive 感人的：touching → moving 扩大：broaden → enlarge 快乐：joy → delight 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Among various artistic hobbies like painting, writing and photography, I love photography the most. It is the most creative way for me to discover and record the beauty of life. 拓展句：Among various artistic hobbies like painting, writing and photography, I love photography the most, which is the most creative way for me to discover and record the beauty of life. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Different from painting that creates imaginary scenes and writing that expresses feelings through words, photography helps me capture real and touching moments in daily life. (运用了that引导的两个限制性定语从句) 【高分句型 2】When I take photos, I learn to observe the world carefully. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 读后续写 ( ⭐ 审题指导 ⭐ ) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （2026南阳高二下第二次月考）On a sunny summer afternoon, 17-year-old Lila and her little brother Toby set off to explore Misty Peaks, a thickly-wooded mountain well-known for its steep, winding paths and sudden, violent storms. They brought along a worn, yellowed map left by their late uncle, which clearly marked a hidden treasure cave tucked behind a crashing waterfall. Full of excitement and anticipation, they chatted merrily as they climbed, their minds wandering to the precious treasure they hoped to find ahead. Unexpectedly, dark heavy clouds gathered rapidly overhead shortly after noon. Before the two could even turn around to head back, a fierce storm swept violently across the mountainside. Thunder boomed loudly, sharp lightning flashed and lit up the gloomy woods, and heavy rain poured down, flooding the narrow trail and turning the dirt road into a slippery, muddy mess. In a moment of panic, Toby lost his balance, slipped off the path, and fell straight into a deep, narrow valley. His weak cry for help was totally drowned out by the howling wind and roaring rain. Shocked and terrified, Lila froze on the spot, her heart pounding. She called out her brother’s name again and again at the top of her lungs, yet not a single reply reached her ears. The surrounding trees swayed wildly in the wind, their branches creaking, making the whole forest feel strange and threatening. Fighting back her tears, Lila felt utterly helpless, desperately wondering how she could save her trapped little brother in such terrible, dangerous weather. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Toby’s face flashed through Lila’s mind when she was on the edge of despair. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, she heard a faint groan(呻吟) from the bottom of the valley. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( ⭐ 写作框架 ⭐ ) 一、基本信息Who：Lila (17 岁姐姐)、Toby (年幼弟弟) When：夏日晴朗午后→突遇暴雨傍晚 Where：Misty Peaks 茂密山林、山间泥泞小路、深山峡谷 What：姐弟二人带着已故舅舅遗留藏宝地图进山探险寻宝，突遭狂风暴雨，弟弟失足跌落幽深山谷，大雨狂风掩盖呼救声，姐姐被困山路、孤立无助，焦急想方设法营救弟弟 How：满怀期待进山→暴雨突袭环境恶化→弟弟失足坠谷失联→姐姐恐慌无助、濒临绝望 二、段落大意 开篇铺垫：愉快进山寻宝 夏日午后，17 岁 Lila 带着弟弟 Toby 前往迷雾山峰探险。这座山林山路崎岖、多发暴雨，姐弟怀揣已故舅舅留下的藏宝图，地图标注瀑布后方藏有藏宝洞穴。两人兴致勃勃边走边聊，满心期待找到宝藏。 转折突变：暴雨骤然来袭 午后乌云快速聚拢，猛烈暴风雨席卷山林，雷鸣电闪、大雨倾盆，小路被洪水浸泡变成泥泞烂路。慌乱中 Toby 失衡滑落山路，坠入狭长深谷，呼救声被狂风暴雨完全吞没。 困境现状：姐姐孤立无助 Lila 当场吓僵，心脏狂跳，拼命呼喊弟弟却毫无回应。狂风摇晃林木、树枝吱呀作响，森林氛围阴森可怖。Lila 强忍泪水，满心无助，苦苦思索恶劣天气下营救弟弟的办法，陷入绝望。 续写两段开头 ①Toby’s face flashed through Lila’s mind when she was on the edge of despair.（绝望之际，弟弟的模样在 Lila 脑海浮现） ②Suddenly, she heard a faint groan from the bottom of the valley.（忽然，谷底传来微弱的呻吟声）） ( 词汇积累 ) 一．词汇 英文单词 音标 中文释义 原文语境例句 explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ v. 勘探；探险 set off to explore Misty Peaks steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的 well-known for its steep, winding paths winding /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ adj. 蜿蜒曲折的 steep, winding paths violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 猛烈的；狂暴的 sudden, violent storms anticipation /ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/ n. 期盼，期待 Full of excitement and anticipation gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ v. 聚集；聚拢 dark heavy clouds gathered rapidly overhead fierce /fɪəs/ adj. 猛烈的，狂暴的 a fierce storm swept violently gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/ adj. 昏暗阴森的 lit up the gloomy woods flood /flʌd/ v. 淹没；泛滥 flooding the narrow trail slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ adj. 湿滑的 turning the dirt road into a slippery, muddy mess panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 慌乱，惊慌 In a moment of panic drown /draʊn/ v. 淹没；盖过声音 cry was totally drowned out by wind and rain terrify /ˈterɪfaɪ/ v. 使恐惧，吓坏 Shocked and terrified, Lila froze utterly /ˈʌtəli/ adv. 完全地，彻底地 felt utterly helpless despair /dɪˈspeə(r)/ n.&v. 绝望 on the edge of despair faint /feɪnt/ adj. 微弱的 a faint groan from the bottom of the valley 二 短语积累 英文短语 中文释义 原文例句 高考考点拓展 set off to do 动身出发去做… set off to explore Misty Peaks 写作出行场景万能短语，=start out be well-known for 因…… 闻名 a mountain well-known for its steep paths 完形、阅读高频固定搭配 tucked behind 隐匿在…… 后方 cave tucked behind a crashing waterfall 景物描写高级短语 full of excitement 满怀兴奋 Full of excitement and anticipation 续写人物心情开篇常用 shortly after noon 午后不久 clouds gathered shortly after noon 时间环境描写短语 pour down 大雨滂沱、瓢泼而下 heavy rain poured down 天气续写标配短语 in a moment of panic 一时慌乱之间 In a moment of panic, Toby lost balance 突发意外场景万能搭配 slip off 从…… 滑落 slipped off the path 事故类续写高频动词短语 drown out （声音）被盖过、淹没 cry drowned out by howling wind 声音描写必考短语 on the spot 当场、立刻 Lila froze on the spot 完形填空固定词组 at the top of one’s lungs 声嘶力竭地 called out at the top of her lungs 情绪激动呼喊专用短语 fight back tears 强忍泪水 Fighting back her tears 人物伤感神态高频短语 on the edge of despair 濒临绝望 on the edge of despair 心理描写高级短语 ( 句型积累 ) 1. 非限制性定语从句（事物补充说明，景物 / 物品介绍） 原句：They brought along a worn, yellowed map left by their late uncle, which clearly marked a hidden treasure cave tucked behind a crashing waterfall. 结构：名词 + 过去分词后置定语 + , which 非限制性定语从句 考点：语法填空常考 which；续写介绍随身物品、环境景物高频句式 仿写：I picked up an old wooden box left by my grandpa, which contained some precious old photos. 2. 独立主格（伴随环境描写，续写天气、环境万能） 原句：The surrounding trees swayed wildly in the wind, their branches creaking, making the whole forest feel strange and threatening. 结构：主句 + 名词 + doing 独立主格 + doing 结果状语 考点：非谓语语法填空高频；续写渲染阴森 / 优美环境首选句式 仿写：The snow fell silently outside, the wind blowing softly, bringing peace to the whole small village. 3. before 引导时间状语从句（动作来不及发生，突发变故） 原句：Before the two could even turn around to head back, a fierce storm swept violently across the mountainside. 结构：Before + 主语 + 动作（尚未发生），主句（突发意外） 考点：before 一词多义（还未来得及），阅读高频；续写突发灾难、意外万能句型 仿写：Before we could run to safety, the heavy rain rushed down from the mountain. 4. 现在分词作伴随状语（开篇人物心理状态） 原句：Full of excitement and anticipation, they chatted merrily as they climbed, their minds wandering to the precious treasure they hoped to find ahead. 结构：形容词短语开头 + 主句，独立主格补充心理状态 考点：非谓语语法填空；续写出行、探险开篇描写心情 仿写：Full of curiosity, the kids walked into the park, their eyes shining with joy. 5. 现在分词作结果状语（环境变化带来后果） 原句：heavy rain poured down, flooding the narrow trail and turning the dirt road into a slippery, muddy mess. 结构：主句，doing+and doing 并列结果状语 考点：非谓语必考；续写暴雨、灾害造成环境破坏专用句式 仿写：The strong wind blew hard, breaking many branches and blocking the country road. ( ⭐ 参考范文 ⭐ ) Toby’s face flashed through Lila’s mind when she was on the edge of despair. She took a deep breath to calm her trembling heart, which was filled with endless worry for her little brother. Kneeling gently by the valley edge, she leaned down carefully, listening closely for any faint sound that might show Toby was still alive. Though the cold rain beat heavily on her body and the wind howled fiercely around her, she never moved an inch. She called Toby’s name consistently and desperately. Suddenly, she heard a faint groan from the bottom of the valley. Realizing Toby was still conscious, she felt a ray of hope. She quickly took out a rope from her backpack, tied it firmly to the thick tree roots, telling him to hold tight. With all her strength, Lila pulled Toby up inch by inch until he was safe. They hugged tightly, tears mixing with rain. On their way home, Lila realized that courage and love were the greatest treasures, which could turn despair into hope and save the ones we care about. ( ⭐ 写作拓展 ⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （25-26高二上·甘肃兰州·阶段检测）读后续写：阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 My disinterest in “The Beautiful Game” has been lifelong. At primary school, my classmates spent their lunch break playing football, while I was in the library getting kicks from books and computers. In Games lessons, like all fat kids, I was put “in defence” — which involved chatting to my mates and occasionally pretending to be bothered about where the ball was. I became expert in copying the body language of the boys who cared: cheering when a goal was scored, and estimating their joy at a free kick, despite the fact that I didn’t understand the rules. As I got older, I stopped trying to fake it and wore my dislike for football as a symbol of honour. “It’s only a game!” I’d tell Dad, as he persuaded me to watch football matches. I’d separate the Sports section from The Times and throw it straight into the bin, as if it had polluted the rest of the paper. When a big game was on, I’d go shopping, and post performative photos of me doing so on social media, smugly (沾沾自喜地) demonstrating how much more free time I had than the mindless majority around me, who were endlessly absorbed in their silly competition that pointlessly resets itself every 12 months. But, occasionally in the backseat of a taxi, or when meeting a friend’s father, I’d find myself faced with a well-intentioned opener like, “Stephen, terrible season we’re having, eh?”, or simply, “Who do you support?”, and feel my heart sink, knowing my reply would unavoidably disappoint. Sometimes, such fellows would give me a friendly follow-up, “Oh, right, are you a rugby (橄榄球) man, then? Cricket?” — an equally unhelpful line of enquiry, given my total indifference to any sport aside from the Olympics (and there’s only two weeks every four years when anyone wants to chat about the Olympics). This attitude of mine, I could see, had closed hours of conversation, evenings out, even entire friendships with people (well, men, mainly) that I might otherwise have enjoyed. I couldn’t change the fact that I found football boring, but was coming to regret my outsider status as much as I celebrated it. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 续写部分分为2段，每段开头已为你写好。 After I became a dad, I didn’t want my two boys to lack the desirable social skill. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Things began to change in many aspects in my life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 After I became a dad, I didn’t want my two boys to lack this desirable social skill. I brought them outside with a football and got them a mini football table at home. Also, I bought them tickets to watch our local team. We sat close to the action, surrounded by families who clearly had a real connection to the players on the pitch. Because my kids kept asking me what was going on, I kept a close watch on the game. Almost without noticing it, I fell in love with football. Things began to change in many aspects of my life. I found myself paying attention to every match result of the local team. I came to know the rules of football and bonded with my two boys. I was not embarrassed any more when I was in a taxi, because we could continue talking for hours if the driver liked. I had a better friendship with friends, enjoying hours of conversation and evenings out. Sometimes stepping out of one’s comfort zone can lead to rewarding experiences. 【导语】文章以人物为线索，讲述了作者认为自己一生对足球毫无兴趣，小时候在学校假装关注足球，长大后公开表达对足球的厌恶，但这种态度使作者错失了许多与他人交流、社交甚至建立友谊的机会，作者虽无法改变对足球的看法，但开始后悔自己这种局外人的身份。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“自从当了父亲，我便不愿让我的两个儿子缺失这项宝贵的社交技能。”可知，第一段可描写作者为了培养孩子们对足球的兴趣所做的事情以及自己在这个过程中渐渐爱上足球。 ②由第二段首句内容“我的生活方方面面也开始随之发生改变。”可知，第二段可描写爱上足球给作者的生活带来的具体影响以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：培养孩子对足球的兴趣——渐渐爱上足球——生活发生的具体变化——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①问：ask/inquire ②注意：notice/spot ③导致、引起：lead to/result in ④继续做某事：continue doing sth/proceed doing sth 情绪类 ①尴尬的：embarrassed/awkward ②值得的：rewarding/worthwhile 【点睛】[高分句型1] We sat close to the action, surrounded by families who clearly had a real connection to the players on the pitch.（运用了过去分词短语作状语，who引导限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Because my kids kept asking me what was going on, I kept a close watch on the game.（运用了because引导原因状语从句，what引导宾语从句） （25-26高三上·四川成都·期中）读后续写 Jiang Hui was born into a poor family in Santai County, a mountainous area in Mianyang. His parents, both farmers with calloused hands and sun-wrinkled faces, struggled to make ends meet by planting rice and corn on the barren hillside. The thatched-roof house they lived in leaked whenever it rained, and the only electrical appliance was a 14-inch black-and-white TV that often broke down. Life during high school was even harder. To save money for textbooks, Jiang Hui never bought breakfast. At noon, while classmates rushed to the canteen for hot meals, he would slip back to the empty classroom, take out a 2-yuan instant noodle from his worn-out schoolbag, and eat it quickly with cold water from the tap. In the evening, after self-study, he would linger at the school gate food stand, hesitating for a long time before buying a steamed bun-his only dinner, which he would break into small pieces and chew for 10 minutes to make it “last longer.” But poverty never dimmed his desire to learn. He woke up at 4:30 every morning, tiptoeing to the school corridor where the streetlights were still on, and read English words aloud in a low voice to avoid disturbing others. At night, he was the last to leave the classroom, studying by the dim light until the guard urged him to go. His winter coat was too thin to keep out the cold, so he would pace back and forth while reciting texts to stay warm; his shoes, with holes in the soles, were stuffed with newspaper to keep his feet from getting wet on rainy days. When he felt hungry, he drank water to fill his stomach; when he was tired, he splashed cold water on his face. Three years of unremitting efforts finally bore fruit. On a sweltering July afternoon, a postman rode his bicycle to the village, shouting Jiang Hui’s name. The admission letter from North China Electric Power University, with its red seal, glittered like a precious gem in his trembling hands. Paragraph 1: Holding the admission letter, Jiang Hui stood under the old banyan tree at the village entrance, unable to move. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Two months later, on the day Jiang Hui left for university, the first ray of sunlight had just painted the mountain tops gold when the village alley was already bustling. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Holding the admission letter, Jiang Hui stood under the old banyan tree at the village entrance, unable to move. The red seal on the paper seemed to burn his fingertips, and tears blurred his eyes. He thought of the cold instant noodles at noon, the dim classroom lights at night, and the newspaper-stuffed shoes on rainy days. A sob escaped him. His mother ran over, wiping tears while clutching the letter, and his father patted his shoulder hard, voice tight but joyful: “Good boy.” That night, the broken TV played noisily, and the smell of boiled eggs—saved for months—filled the small thatched-roof house. Two months later, Jiang Hui left for university as sunlight gilded the mountains. The alley bustled. Aunt Li gave him dried sweet potatoes while Grandpa Wang handed new cloth shoes. His mother held his hand, repeating, “Eat well.” His father carried the old suitcase, walking quietly. On the bus, Jiang Hui waved at the shrinking figures. He touched the sweet potatoes in his bag, knowing this love would be his strength. Through the window, he saw the old banyan tree fade away, and vowed to return one day to light up the mountain village that had nurtured him. 【导语】本文以三台县贫困生江辉的生活为线索展开，讲述了江辉家境艰难，靠吃泡面馒头、穿破衣苦读三年，最终考上华北电力大学。收到录取通知书时，他在村口榕树下百感交集；两个月后离村求学时，全村人早起相送，母亲塞给他攒下的零钱，父亲沉默背起行李。带着乡亲们的期望，江辉踏上改变命运的列车，最终考取名校并立志回报家乡的故事。 【详解】 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“拿着录取通知书，江辉站在村口的老榕树下，动弹不得”可知，第一段可描写江辉收到录取通知书的心情以及家人的感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“两个月后，江辉启程去上大学那天，第一缕阳光刚把山顶染成金色，村里的小巷就已经热闹起来”可知，第二段可描写乡亲们在小巷送别江辉、江辉启程离开的场景。 2.续写线索：收到通知书——江辉及其父母的心情——启程去大学—— 乡亲送别——望着家乡景物立志回报 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①跑过去：run over/rush over/dash over ②轻拍：pat/tap ③发誓：vow/pledge 情绪类 ①啜泣：sob/whimper ②高兴的：joyful/mirthful 【点睛】【高分句型1】His mother ran over, wiping tears while clutching the letter, and his father patted his shoulder hard, voice tight but joyful: “Good boy.”(运用了现在分词结构作伴随状语、while引导的省略句以及独立主格) 【高分句型2】Through the window, he saw the old banyan tree fade away, and vowed to return one day to light up the mountain village that had nurtured him.(运用了that引导的定语从句) （25-26高一上·吉林·月考）读后续写 Once there was a little girl named Emily. Although her singing was very pleasant to hear, lacking courage, she never dared to sing in front of strangers. One summer, the neighborhood where she lived would hold a singing competition. Her best friend, Lucy, came to invite her to participate in the competition, but Emily said, “I am afraid to take part in it.” Her mother said, “It’s okay. Just do it bravely.” Emily followed her mom’s advice and decided to give herself a try. The day came. Emily and Lucy went to the competition site. But she was too timid (胆小的) to walk onto the stage. She had been waiting until others finished singing. She shakily forced herself to stand on the stage. She started to sing, but her voice was so low. What’s worse, she was so nervous that she forgot the lyrics (歌词) after singing a few words. Being laughed at by others, embarrassed and shy, she ran away from the stage. Some naughty boys ran after her and said, “Emily, coward (胆小鬼)! Emily, coward!” Emily didn’t argue with them. What she wanted was to go back home as quickly as she could. Finally, she rushed into the house, hugged her mom and cried sadly. “Well, my poor girl. Don’t cry. Tell me what happened to you,” asked her mom. Emily looked up at her mother and told her what she had experienced. Listening to her, her mom cupped her face and said, “It doesn’t matter, girl. As long as you practice singing more in front of strangers, you will become braver little by little. So, my girl, don’t be beaten by a failure. You can go out to practice singing every day. No matter who is listening to you, go on singing and never stop. I believe there will be a harvest for you.” 注意：1. 续写的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Emily listened to her mother carefully and followed her suggestion. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next year, the neighborhood held the singing competition again. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: Emily listened to her mother carefully and followed her suggestion. The next day, she began to practice singing in their garden. When the neighbors passed by, they encouraged her. Gradually, she became more and more confident and her singing voice became louder and louder. Months later, she was confident enough to sing in the park, where many people were singing and dancing. Hearing her beautiful voice, some stopped to listen to her singing and clapped for her. Emily felt pleased that she could sing confidently in front of strangers. Paragraph 2: The next year, the neighborhood held the singing competition again. Emily signed up for the competition without hesitation. This time, Emily walked onto the stage bravely. Before singing, she heard someone said, “Emily, coward!”. But she chose to ignored it and concentrated on her singing. Her loud and beautiful voice of singing moved all the people. They all cheered for her, including those who had laughed at her. Her mother and Lucy were delighted to see the timid girl had become a brave one. So, don’t be beaten by a failure easily. As long as you work hard, you will succeed one day. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小女孩Emily因缺乏勇气不敢在陌生人面前唱歌，在一次歌唱比赛中因紧张忘词被嘲笑后，她伤心地跑回家。母亲鼓励她多在陌生人面前练习唱歌，不要被失败打倒。 【详解】段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Emily认真地听了妈妈的话，并采纳了她的建议。”可知，第一段可描写Emily在采纳了妈妈的建议后，努力练习唱歌，并逐渐变得自信起来。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二年，社区再次举办了歌唱比赛。”可知，第二段可描写Emily毫不犹豫地报名参加了比赛，她勇敢地走上舞台，最终用她响亮而美妙的歌声打动了所有人并获得了成功。 续写线索：开始练习——逐渐自信——参加比赛——勇敢演唱——获得成功 词汇激活： 行为类 ①鼓掌：clap/applaud ②报名参加：sign up for/enter for/enroll for ③忽视：ignore/neglect 情绪类 ①高兴的：pleased/happy ②勇敢：brave/courageous 【点睛】[高分句型1] Months later, she was confident enough to sing in the park, where many people were singing and dancing.(运用了关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Hearing her beautiful voice, some stopped to listen to her singing and clapped for her.(运用了现在分词作时间状语) [高分句型3] They all cheered for her, including those who had laughed at her.(运用了关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句) ( 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Human Biology 同步写作课讲义-北师大版选择性必修第三册 ( ⭐ 话题解读 ⭐ ) 概要写作 Summary 概要写作是读写结合类正式书面题型，核心目的是删减事例、细节与数据，分层提炼原文主干，客观转述文章内容，不掺杂个人主观看法。 ( ⭐ 写作任务 ⭐ ) 本单元主要话题概要写作（Summary Writing）：提炼文章核心信息，剔除举例、细节描写，分层概括段落、客观缩写原文的应用文写作。 ( ⭐ 审题指导 ⭐ ) 写作任务从两篇课文中任选一篇完成概要：Epidemics Explained / To Clone or Not to Clone? 写作要点： 通读原文，划分文章结构层次； 每个层次用 1–2 句话概括关键信息； 删掉举例、具体细节和多余数据； 保持客观，不加个人观点，恰当使用过渡词。 注意：写作词数 80 左右；可适当添加连接词，保证行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( ⭐ 写作框架 ⭐ ) ( ⭐ 素材宝库 ⭐ ) ( 词汇积累 ) 1. summary n. 摘要 2. clone n.&v. 克隆 3. identical adj. 完全相同的 4. infectious adj. 传染的 5. epidemic n. 流行病 6. conclude v. 总结 7. remove v. 剔除 ( 句型积累 ) 1. 开头：点明文章主旨、给出概念 The passage mainly focuses on… （文章主要围绕…… 展开） The text starts with the definition of… （文章开篇给出…… 的定义） 2. 主体：概括文章分层内容 Then the author presents different attitudes towards… （接着作者阐述了关于…… 的不同观点） Apart from that, it introduces relevant facts about… （除此之外，文章介绍了有关…… 的相关事实） 3. 结尾：概括文末总结内容 In conclusion, the article ends with… （总而言之，文章最后以…… 收尾） ( 写作原则 ) ✅客观：不加个人观点、感想 ✅精简：删举例、数据、细节、小故事 ✅分层：按原文结构分段概括（开头 — 主体 — 结尾） ✅改写：换词、变句型，不整句摘抄原文 两类课文素材分类 ① Epidemics Explained（流行病） 要点 1：epidemic 定义（传染病快速蔓延） 要点 2：历代重大疫病（黑死病、西班牙流感） 要点 3：新世纪疫病（SARS、埃博拉） 要点 4：全球科研者携手寻找疗法 ② To Clone or Not to Clone?（克隆） 要点 1：克隆定义（自然 / 人工培育相同生命体） 要点 2：克隆优势 要点 3：克隆隐患与争议 要点 4：人们对人类克隆观点不一 ( ⭐ 参考范文 ⭐ ) 范文 1：Epidemics Explained The passage mainly explains what an epidemic is, which means the rapid spread of infectious diseases resulting in numerous deaths.（宾语从句 + 非限制性定语从句） According to research, various deadly epidemics have appeared throughout history, and new diseases like SARS and EVD have struck people in the 21st century.（并列句） Nowadays, scientists worldwide are cooperating to figure out disease causes and seek effective cures.（不定式作目的状语） 范文 2：To Clone or Not to Clone? The passage first defines cloning as creating identical copies of creatures either naturally or artificially, which has existed for a long time.（非限制性定语从句） Then it talks about arguments over human cloning, including its potential benefits and hidden risks.（现在分词作伴随状语） In short, people still hold mixed opinions on whether human cloning should be permitted.（宾语从句） ( ⭐ 写作拓展 ⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （选修3课内阅读） 摘要写作HOW TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT? Perhaps, you are a smart person with good knowledge and creative ideas, but when you move to a new environment or have to work with some new people, it is not always easy for them to recognise you or respect you immediately. How can you get along with others? How can you get other people to pay attention to you and respect you? Be curious and be willing to learn new things, knowledge and skills. Moving to a new working environment, you may need to deal with things that don’t belong to your own field. In such a case, people who are more willing to learn new things can become more flexible and be able to meet new requirements in their job. Have a good sense of judgement on important aspects. Learning or working in a new environment, you need to have a good sense of judgement when joining a discussion or making a decision. You should consider what is virtually right, and look for long-term goals, and not be distracted by small choices for the short term. Be confident and make eye contact when talking to people. When you go out and meet people, it is important to look confident. For example, if you are going to an interview, but you don’t feel confident, what can you do? Before you walk in, think to yourself, “I own the room.” Then, walk in holding your head high and smile. Remember to look other people in the eye — it’s the key to creating a connection with people. Soon, you will feel as confident as you look. Set clear goals and learn. When working together with others, it is important that you have a clear vision and a working plan to achieve it. Let people know what you stand for. You need to find out which ideas can really unite people and then express those ideas clearly. Also, treat your team members respectfully as equals. Be helpful to others. When working, don’t focus on what is your work and what isn’t. After doing your own work, always be ready to help others. 写作要点： 通读原文，划分文章结构层次； 每个层次用 1–2 句话概括关键信息； 删掉举例、具体细节和多余数据； 保持客观，不加个人观点，恰当使用过渡词。 注意：写作词数 80 左右；可适当添加连接词，保证行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （选修4课内阅读） 摘要写作HUTONG Every year thousands of tourists flock to China. They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing’s past. Hutongs — the many little alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards¹ of traditional houses — are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture². Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there. The majority of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them keep control over the city, the Emperors arranged different areas of Beijing in neat blocks of houses built around courtyards. They were then able to place guards at the entrances of hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements. The Emperor’s home, the Forbidden City, was in the centre of Beijing and the homes of the nobles and wealthy citizens were in the hutongs closest to the royal palace. Ordinary citizens lived in the hutongs further away. By connecting people's homes, the hutongs in fact connected people's lives, whether the lives of the rich or the ordinary citizens. Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each other’s lives. They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sorrow of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense³ together. Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions in Beijing's hutongs went down as the political situation cast a dark cloud on China's economy. Many new hutongs were quickly built to house the increasing population but these were poorly made. The turning point came when the People's Republic of China was set up. Conditions were improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs. Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing's life and it is not surprising that tourists love the hutongs. They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back 900 years, wander down Dongjiaominxiang — the longest hutong at about 1.6 km, or squeeze through Qianshi — the narrowest at only 40 cm wide! The hutongs not only link Beijing's streets and communities, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city. 单词注释 1 courtyard n. 庭院 2 architecture n. 建筑 3 incense n. 香 写作要点： 通读原文，划分文章结构层次； 每个层次用 1–2 句话概括关键信息； 删掉举例、具体细节和多余数据； 保持客观，不加个人观点，恰当使用过渡词。 注意：写作词数 80 左右；可适当添加连接词，保证行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（25-26高二下·辽宁鞍山·期中）假定你是高二学生李华，你校将于下月举办“未来创想——造物集”活动（The Future Creators’ Fair），现面向全校招募三大板块（《文化展览、科幻创作、自然诗韵》）的内容创作者。请根据以下提示给学生会负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： （1）申请的板块； （2）创作构思； （3）期待入选。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Dear Chairman, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 4．（25-26高三下·陕西西安·阶段检测）假定你是校英文报编辑李华，学校拟推行“作业无纸化”方案，即所有作业均通过线上平台布置和提交，不再使用纸质作业。这一方案引发了同学们的广泛讨论，请你根据提示内容，写一篇英文评论稿，表达你的看法。 写作要求： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 涵盖双方观点，并给出你的辩证看法； 3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear readers, Our school is planning to carry out a “paperless homework”project, which has caused a hot discussion among us students. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（25-26高二下·浙江宁波·阶段检测）假如你是某中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。 (相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。)  100个单词 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）假定你是李华，请写一段话介绍你最喜欢的一项文艺创作类爱好。 词数：80词左右 需包含以下核心词汇（可变形）：painting, writing, photography, creative ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写 ( ⭐ 审题指导 ⭐ ) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （2026南阳高二下第二次月考）On a sunny summer afternoon, 17-year-old Lila and her little brother Toby set off to explore Misty Peaks, a thickly-wooded mountain well-known for its steep, winding paths and sudden, violent storms. They brought along a worn, yellowed map left by their late uncle, which clearly marked a hidden treasure cave tucked behind a crashing waterfall. Full of excitement and anticipation, they chatted merrily as they climbed, their minds wandering to the precious treasure they hoped to find ahead. Unexpectedly, dark heavy clouds gathered rapidly overhead shortly after noon. Before the two could even turn around to head back, a fierce storm swept violently across the mountainside. Thunder boomed loudly, sharp lightning flashed and lit up the gloomy woods, and heavy rain poured down, flooding the narrow trail and turning the dirt road into a slippery, muddy mess. In a moment of panic, Toby lost his balance, slipped off the path, and fell straight into a deep, narrow valley. His weak cry for help was totally drowned out by the howling wind and roaring rain. Shocked and terrified, Lila froze on the spot, her heart pounding. She called out her brother’s name again and again at the top of her lungs, yet not a single reply reached her ears. The surrounding trees swayed wildly in the wind, their branches creaking, making the whole forest feel strange and threatening. Fighting back her tears, Lila felt utterly helpless, desperately wondering how she could save her trapped little brother in such terrible, dangerous weather. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Toby’s face flashed through Lila’s mind when she was on the edge of despair. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, she heard a faint groan(呻吟) from the bottom of the valley. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( ⭐ 写作框架 ⭐ ) 一、基本信息Who：Lila (17 岁姐姐)、Toby (年幼弟弟) When：夏日晴朗午后→突遇暴雨傍晚 Where：Misty Peaks 茂密山林、山间泥泞小路、深山峡谷 What：姐弟二人带着已故舅舅遗留藏宝地图进山探险寻宝，突遭狂风暴雨，弟弟失足跌落幽深山谷，大雨狂风掩盖呼救声，姐姐被困山路、孤立无助，焦急想方设法营救弟弟 How：满怀期待进山→暴雨突袭环境恶化→弟弟失足坠谷失联→姐姐恐慌无助、濒临绝望 二、段落大意 开篇铺垫：愉快进山寻宝 夏日午后，17 岁 Lila 带着弟弟 Toby 前往迷雾山峰探险。这座山林山路崎岖、多发暴雨，姐弟怀揣已故舅舅留下的藏宝图，地图标注瀑布后方藏有藏宝洞穴。两人兴致勃勃边走边聊，满心期待找到宝藏。 转折突变：暴雨骤然来袭 午后乌云快速聚拢，猛烈暴风雨席卷山林，雷鸣电闪、大雨倾盆，小路被洪水浸泡变成泥泞烂路。慌乱中 Toby 失衡滑落山路，坠入狭长深谷，呼救声被狂风暴雨完全吞没。 困境现状：姐姐孤立无助 Lila 当场吓僵，心脏狂跳，拼命呼喊弟弟却毫无回应。狂风摇晃林木、树枝吱呀作响，森林氛围阴森可怖。Lila 强忍泪水，满心无助，苦苦思索恶劣天气下营救弟弟的办法，陷入绝望。 续写两段开头 ①Toby’s face flashed through Lila’s mind when she was on the edge of despair.（绝望之际，弟弟的模样在 Lila 脑海浮现） ②Suddenly, she heard a faint groan from the bottom of the valley.（忽然，谷底传来微弱的呻吟声）） ( 词汇积累 ) 一．词汇 英文单词 音标 中文释义 原文语境例句 explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ v. 勘探；探险 set off to explore Misty Peaks steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的 well-known for its steep, winding paths winding /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ adj. 蜿蜒曲折的 steep, winding paths violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 猛烈的；狂暴的 sudden, violent storms anticipation /ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/ n. 期盼，期待 Full of excitement and anticipation gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ v. 聚集；聚拢 dark heavy clouds gathered rapidly overhead fierce /fɪəs/ adj. 猛烈的，狂暴的 a fierce storm swept violently gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/ adj. 昏暗阴森的 lit up the gloomy woods flood /flʌd/ v. 淹没；泛滥 flooding the narrow trail slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ adj. 湿滑的 turning the dirt road into a slippery, muddy mess panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 慌乱，惊慌 In a moment of panic drown /draʊn/ v. 淹没；盖过声音 cry was totally drowned out by wind and rain terrify /ˈterɪfaɪ/ v. 使恐惧，吓坏 Shocked and terrified, Lila froze utterly /ˈʌtəli/ adv. 完全地，彻底地 felt utterly helpless despair /dɪˈspeə(r)/ n.&v. 绝望 on the edge of despair faint /feɪnt/ adj. 微弱的 a faint groan from the bottom of the valley 二 短语积累 英文短语 中文释义 原文例句 高考考点拓展 set off to do 动身出发去做… set off to explore Misty Peaks 写作出行场景万能短语，=start out be well-known for 因…… 闻名 a mountain well-known for its steep paths 完形、阅读高频固定搭配 tucked behind 隐匿在…… 后方 cave tucked behind a crashing waterfall 景物描写高级短语 full of excitement 满怀兴奋 Full of excitement and anticipation 续写人物心情开篇常用 shortly after noon 午后不久 clouds gathered shortly after noon 时间环境描写短语 pour down 大雨滂沱、瓢泼而下 heavy rain poured down 天气续写标配短语 in a moment of panic 一时慌乱之间 In a moment of panic, Toby lost balance 突发意外场景万能搭配 slip off 从…… 滑落 slipped off the path 事故类续写高频动词短语 drown out （声音）被盖过、淹没 cry drowned out by howling wind 声音描写必考短语 on the spot 当场、立刻 Lila froze on the spot 完形填空固定词组 at the top of one’s lungs 声嘶力竭地 called out at the top of her lungs 情绪激动呼喊专用短语 fight back tears 强忍泪水 Fighting back her tears 人物伤感神态高频短语 on the edge of despair 濒临绝望 on the edge of despair 心理描写高级短语 ( 句型积累 ) 1. 非限制性定语从句（事物补充说明，景物 / 物品介绍） 原句：They brought along a worn, yellowed map left by their late uncle, which clearly marked a hidden treasure cave tucked behind a crashing waterfall. 结构：名词 + 过去分词后置定语 + , which 非限制性定语从句 考点：语法填空常考 which；续写介绍随身物品、环境景物高频句式 仿写：I picked up an old wooden box left by my grandpa, which contained some precious old photos. 2. 独立主格（伴随环境描写，续写天气、环境万能） 原句：The surrounding trees swayed wildly in the wind, their branches creaking, making the whole forest feel strange and threatening. 结构：主句 + 名词 + doing 独立主格 + doing 结果状语 考点：非谓语语法填空高频；续写渲染阴森 / 优美环境首选句式 仿写：The snow fell silently outside, the wind blowing softly, bringing peace to the whole small village. 3. before 引导时间状语从句（动作来不及发生，突发变故） 原句：Before the two could even turn around to head back, a fierce storm swept violently across the mountainside. 结构：Before + 主语 + 动作（尚未发生），主句（突发意外） 考点：before 一词多义（还未来得及），阅读高频；续写突发灾难、意外万能句型 仿写：Before we could run to safety, the heavy rain rushed down from the mountain. 4. 现在分词作伴随状语（开篇人物心理状态） 原句：Full of excitement and anticipation, they chatted merrily as they climbed, their minds wandering to the precious treasure they hoped to find ahead. 结构：形容词短语开头 + 主句，独立主格补充心理状态 考点：非谓语语法填空；续写出行、探险开篇描写心情 仿写：Full of curiosity, the kids walked into the park, their eyes shining with joy. 5. 现在分词作结果状语（环境变化带来后果） 原句：heavy rain poured down, flooding the narrow trail and turning the dirt road into a slippery, muddy mess. 结构：主句，doing+and doing 并列结果状语 考点：非谓语必考；续写暴雨、灾害造成环境破坏专用句式 仿写：The strong wind blew hard, breaking many branches and blocking the country road. ( ⭐ 参考范文 ⭐ ) Toby’s face flashed through Lila’s mind when she was on the edge of despair. She took a deep breath to calm her trembling heart, which was filled with endless worry for her little brother. Kneeling gently by the valley edge, she leaned down carefully, listening closely for any faint sound that might show Toby was still alive. Though the cold rain beat heavily on her body and the wind howled fiercely around her, she never moved an inch. She called Toby’s name consistently and desperately. Suddenly, she heard a faint groan from the bottom of the valley. Realizing Toby was still conscious, she felt a ray of hope. She quickly took out a rope from her backpack, tied it firmly to the thick tree roots, telling him to hold tight. With all her strength, Lila pulled Toby up inch by inch until he was safe. They hugged tightly, tears mixing with rain. On their way home, Lila realized that courage and love were the greatest treasures, which could turn despair into hope and save the ones we care about. ( ⭐ 写作拓展 ⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （25-26高二上·甘肃兰州·阶段检测）读后续写：阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 My disinterest in “The Beautiful Game” has been lifelong. At primary school, my classmates spent their lunch break playing football, while I was in the library getting kicks from books and computers. In Games lessons, like all fat kids, I was put “in defence” — which involved chatting to my mates and occasionally pretending to be bothered about where the ball was. I became expert in copying the body language of the boys who cared: cheering when a goal was scored, and estimating their joy at a free kick, despite the fact that I didn’t understand the rules. As I got older, I stopped trying to fake it and wore my dislike for football as a symbol of honour. “It’s only a game!” I’d tell Dad, as he persuaded me to watch football matches. I’d separate the Sports section from The Times and throw it straight into the bin, as if it had polluted the rest of the paper. When a big game was on, I’d go shopping, and post performative photos of me doing so on social media, smugly (沾沾自喜地) demonstrating how much more free time I had than the mindless majority around me, who were endlessly absorbed in their silly competition that pointlessly resets itself every 12 months. But, occasionally in the backseat of a taxi, or when meeting a friend’s father, I’d find myself faced with a well-intentioned opener like, “Stephen, terrible season we’re having, eh?”, or simply, “Who do you support?”, and feel my heart sink, knowing my reply would unavoidably disappoint. Sometimes, such fellows would give me a friendly follow-up, “Oh, right, are you a rugby (橄榄球) man, then? Cricket?” — an equally unhelpful line of enquiry, given my total indifference to any sport aside from the Olympics (and there’s only two weeks every four years when anyone wants to chat about the Olympics). This attitude of mine, I could see, had closed hours of conversation, evenings out, even entire friendships with people (well, men, mainly) that I might otherwise have enjoyed. I couldn’t change the fact that I found football boring, but was coming to regret my outsider status as much as I celebrated it. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 续写部分分为2段，每段开头已为你写好。 After I became a dad, I didn’t want my two boys to lack the desirable social skill. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Things began to change in many aspects in my life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （25-26高三上·四川成都·期中）读后续写 Jiang Hui was born into a poor family in Santai County, a mountainous area in Mianyang. His parents, both farmers with calloused hands and sun-wrinkled faces, struggled to make ends meet by planting rice and corn on the barren hillside. The thatched-roof house they lived in leaked whenever it rained, and the only electrical appliance was a 14-inch black-and-white TV that often broke down. Life during high school was even harder. To save money for textbooks, Jiang Hui never bought breakfast. At noon, while classmates rushed to the canteen for hot meals, he would slip back to the empty classroom, take out a 2-yuan instant noodle from his worn-out schoolbag, and eat it quickly with cold water from the tap. In the evening, after self-study, he would linger at the school gate food stand, hesitating for a long time before buying a steamed bun-his only dinner, which he would break into small pieces and chew for 10 minutes to make it “last longer.” But poverty never dimmed his desire to learn. He woke up at 4:30 every morning, tiptoeing to the school corridor where the streetlights were still on, and read English words aloud in a low voice to avoid disturbing others. At night, he was the last to leave the classroom, studying by the dim light until the guard urged him to go. His winter coat was too thin to keep out the cold, so he would pace back and forth while reciting texts to stay warm; his shoes, with holes in the soles, were stuffed with newspaper to keep his feet from getting wet on rainy days. When he felt hungry, he drank water to fill his stomach; when he was tired, he splashed cold water on his face. Three years of unremitting efforts finally bore fruit. On a sweltering July afternoon, a postman rode his bicycle to the village, shouting Jiang Hui’s name. The admission letter from North China Electric Power University, with its red seal, glittered like a precious gem in his trembling hands. Paragraph 1: Holding the admission letter, Jiang Hui stood under the old banyan tree at the village entrance, unable to move. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Two months later, on the day Jiang Hui left for university, the first ray of sunlight had just painted the mountain tops gold when the village alley was already bustling. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （25-26高一上·吉林·月考）读后续写 Once there was a little girl named Emily. Although her singing was very pleasant to hear, lacking courage, she never dared to sing in front of strangers. One summer, the neighborhood where she lived would hold a singing competition. Her best friend, Lucy, came to invite her to participate in the competition, but Emily said, “I am afraid to take part in it.” Her mother said, “It’s okay. Just do it bravely.” Emily followed her mom’s advice and decided to give herself a try. The day came. Emily and Lucy went to the competition site. But she was too timid (胆小的) to walk onto the stage. She had been waiting until others finished singing. She shakily forced herself to stand on the stage. She started to sing, but her voice was so low. What’s worse, she was so nervous that she forgot the lyrics (歌词) after singing a few words. Being laughed at by others, embarrassed and shy, she ran away from the stage. Some naughty boys ran after her and said, “Emily, coward (胆小鬼)! Emily, coward!” Emily didn’t argue with them. What she wanted was to go back home as quickly as she could. Finally, she rushed into the house, hugged her mom and cried sadly. “Well, my poor girl. Don’t cry. Tell me what happened to you,” asked her mom. Emily looked up at her mother and told her what she had experienced. Listening to her, her mom cupped her face and said, “It doesn’t matter, girl. As long as you practice singing more in front of strangers, you will become braver little by little. So, my girl, don’t be beaten by a failure. You can go out to practice singing every day. No matter who is listening to you, go on singing and never stop. I believe there will be a harvest for you.” 注意：1. 续写的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Emily listened to her mother carefully and followed her suggestion. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next year, the neighborhood held the singing competition again. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $