Unit 2 The universal language Extended reading 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语导学案以“通用语言”为主题，围绕选必修一Unit2第二课时复习目标，通过词汇（29个核心词的词形变化与搭配）、短语（14个固定搭配用法）、语篇（贝多芬生平Extended Reading及语法点解析）到阅读组合训练（阅读理解、七选五等多样题型）的递进式设计，构建“基础巩固-语篇应用-综合提升”的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性。 亮点在于“词汇-语篇-阅读”三维整合的深度学习设计，词汇部分通过词形变化和搭配训练夯实语言能力，贝多芬生平语篇结合非限制性定语从句等语法点培养思维品质，阅读组合训练（如读后续写）提升学习能力。具体如Extended Reading中对“by the time”等句型的单句语法填空，促进学生分析与应用能力发展，为教师实施单元复习提供从基础到综合的完整教学支撑。

选必修一Unit2 The Universal Language (第二课时复习) +阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选必修一Unit2 Extended Reading词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part one词汇 1. combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并 2. greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→greed n. 贪婪 3. gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 4. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往 5. vary vi. 相异，不同；(根据情况)变化，变更 vt. 变更，改变→various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的→variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 6. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰 7. security n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→secure adj. 安全的 vt. 获得；保护；使安全 8. impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n. 印象；效果→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 9. adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 10. foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的→fog n. 雾 11. expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 12. appropriate adj. 合适的→appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地 13. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n. 消费者；顾客→consumption n. 消费，消耗量；吃，喝 14. innovation n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate v. 创新；改革；革新 15. mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合→mix v. (使)混合，(使)结合→mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的 16. compose vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→composer n. 作曲家，作曲者 17. transform vi. & vt. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n. 转化；转换；变形 18. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt. 使适应；改编 vi. 适应→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的 19. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defence n. 防御；防卫；保护 20. greet vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n. 问候，招呼；(pl. )祝词；贺词 21. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v. 对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n. 套装，西装 22. distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n. 距离；远方 23. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→breathe vi. 呼吸 24. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt. 预期；预料；期待；指望 vi. 认为；料想 25. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情 26. gifted adj. 有才华的，有天赋的→gift n. 礼物；天赋；赠品 27. prediction n. 预言，预测→predict v. 预言，预知；断言 28. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj. 沮丧的；萧条的→depression n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 29. possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→possession n. 拥有；(pl. )财产；财物 Part two短语 1. do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的 2. cry out for 迫切需要 3. throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于 4. out of this world 好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 5. let sth. loose 放任；释放 6. hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要 7. fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 8. tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 9. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任 10. throw in 奉送，额外赠送 11. for good measure 作为额外增添 12. consist of 由……组成(或构成) 13. get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 14. all of a sudden 突然，猛地 Part three Extended Reading Beethoven: a remarkable life贝多芬：非凡的一生 1.On 7 May 1824, a crowd of music lovers streamed into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first­ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9．1824年5月7日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳的一座剧院，聆听大作曲家路德维希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首演。 (1)a crowd of 一群 (2)stream vi.& vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n．小溪；(人)流，(车)流 stream into 涌入 stream from sth 从……流出来 (3)first­ever adj.首次的 (4)to hear the first­ever performance---动词不定式短语作目的状语 (5)remarkable adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的---remark n. 评论，意见 vi. & vt. 评论 【归纳】 ①be remarkable for..... 以……著称/引人瞩目 ②remark n．& vi. 言论，意见，评论 make a remark on/upon 就……发表意见 remark on/upon sth 评论/谈论某事 He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness. 他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力 单句语法填空 ①It would be rude to remark on/upon a lady’s appearance. ②There is no other country like China that has made such remarkable (remark) achievements. ③Professor Li made a short remark in the class about/on/upon his performance in the exam. 2.The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special, and they broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony.听众很快意识到他们所听绝非凡品，演出结束的那一刻，全场爆发出热情的欢呼。 (1)recognized that they were listening to---that引导宾语从句 (2)break into cheers突然欢呼起来，突然喝起彩来 (3)enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的---enthusiasm n. 热心；热情--enthusiastically adv.热情地 be enthusiastic about...　　对……积极热情 You don’t sound very enthusiastic about the idea.你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣 单句语法填空 ①More and more teenagers have become increasingly enthusiastic about joining winter sports camps and training activities. ②I am glad to accept new challenges and embrace new technology and knowledge with enthusiasm (enthusiastic). ③The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering enthusiastically (enthusiastic) for the athletes. 3.Beethoven,who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life,was unaware of the audience’s response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd.当时贝多芬已近全聋，直到一位领唱扶他转过身来，面向观众，他才发觉反响之热烈。 (1)Beethoven,who was almost completely deaf....---who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beethoven (2)be unaware of 没有意识到 单句语法填空 (1)China is a powerful country, ________ we are proud of. which (2)My physics teacher is my role model, ________ influence on me has made what I am today. whose (3)I am a fan of Liu Cixin, ________ novels have been translated into many other languages. whose (4)There was a time, ________ China was weak but now she is among the most powerful countries. when (5)The movie opens with a scene, ________ the main characters are lost in the city. where (6)When walking down the street, I came across David, ________ I hadnˈt seen for years. who 4.Before him, he saw a sea of people all standing, clapping, and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork．他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着对这部杰作的赞赏。 (1)handkerchief n．(pl.handkerchiefs or handkerchieves) 手帕，纸巾 (2)to express--动词不定式短语作目的状语 5.Symphony No. 9 was Beethoven’s last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.贝多芬非凡的一生留下了极为丰厚的作品，《第九交响曲》是他最后一部大型作品。 (1)vast adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 (2)works written throughout his remarkable life---动词­ed形式短语作定语，修饰名词works 单句语法填空 (1)Look over there! There is a long winding path (lead) up to the house. 【答案】leading (2)The app, specially (design) for kids, must be simple, colorful and instructive. designed (3)A committee was established (limit) damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. to limit作目的状语 (4)The birthday gift carefully (wrap) in colorful paper made my little sister jump with joy. 【答案】wrapped作后置定语 (5)The cultural relics (belong) to the local area, which we discovered during the field trip, are of great value for studying history of the city. belonging作后置定语 (6)A few minutes ______________(spend) casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. spent 6.As a gifted child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night.Not long after, he began to be appreciated for his piano performances.By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 贝多芬幼年即展露才华，在父亲管教下夜以继日地学习音乐。没过多久，他的钢琴演奏已受人赏识。十多岁的时候，他已经是有名的杰出少年音乐家了。 (1)gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的 be gifted/talented in/at …= have a gift/talent for … 对....有天赋 (2)not long after 不久以后 (3)reputation n. 名誉，名声 【拓展短语】 live up to one’s reputation名副其实 have a reputation for.... 因....而著名，以....闻名 be of great/good/high reputation 很有声望；享有盛名 He is a man of good/high reputation.他是一个具有好名声的男人 The weather in England is living up to its reputation. 英格兰的天气真是名副其实 This store has a bad reputation for unfair dealing. 这家店由于不公平交易而声名狼藉 (4)by the time引导时间状语从句,意为“到……时候为止”。 ①从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。 ②从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时或现在完成时(表示将来)，主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。 ③主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况(主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know，find，believe等表示认知的持续性动词)，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 单句语法填空 ①By the time this letter reaches you, I will have left (leave) the country. ②By the time he was (be) 14, Mozart had composed(compose) many pieces of music. ③By the time he was a teenager, he had enjoyed (enjoy)a reputation as a wonderful musician. ④Brian has a gift for music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. ⑤Even if you are a gifted (gift) man, you should not take your gift for granted.Make full use of it and you’ll succeed. ⑥She is not only gifted ________ music but also familiar with all kinds of musical instruments. in/at ⑦She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a reputation ________ killing some of them, which made it impossible for her to become a mother. for ⑧They will buy less if they find they are cheated, and your supermarket will get ________ bad reputation. a ⑨By now, more than 100 students in my school ____________ (join)us. have joined 7.Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making predictions about Beethoven’s extraordinary future.不少音乐领域的重要人物，包括才华卓越的莫扎特，都纷纷对他不可限量的前程给出预言。 (1)brilliant adj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 (2)prediction n.预言，预测--predict v.预言，预计----predictable adj.可预测的，可预料的---- unpredictable adj. 无法预测的，不定的---predictor n.预言者，预报器 【归纳用法】 ①make a prediction/predictions about sth 预测某事 ②predict sth预测某事 predict sb/sth to do.... 预言某人/某物做...... predict +(that)/wh-..... 预测..... It is/was predicted that.... 据预测..... It is predicted that the price of the houses is going to fall.据预测房价将要下降。 It's difficult to make accurate predictions about the effects on the environment. 很难准确预测对环境产生的影响 (3)extraordinary adj.不寻常的，非凡的，意想不到的，令人惊奇的 单句语法填空 ①It’s difficult to make an accurate prediction (predict) about the effects on the environment. ②The outcome of the election was correspondent with his prediction (predict). ③What happened next is impossible _to predict_ (predict). ④It _is predicted_ (predict) that the price would continue to fall. ⑤He is _unpredictable_ (predict), weeping one moment and laughing the next. 8.However, life took a sharp turn.In his late twenties, Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing.然而，厄运突至，不到三十岁，贝多芬就开始经受对音乐家来说至为残酷的挫折：他的听觉开始衰退了 9.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret.听觉下降令贝多芬深受打击。他痛苦不堪，起初只想尽量隐瞒。 (1)upset adj.难过的，失望的 vt.(upset，upset) 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 【归纳短语】 ①be/get upset about....对……感到不满或不安 be upset that.... 对...感到不高兴 ②upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼 It upset sb to do.../that..... 让某人心烦的是..... Don't upset yourself about it—let's just forget it ever happened.你别为这事烦恼了——让我们就只当它没发生过。 It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服 (2) so upset that, at first, he wanted.....---本句为so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句 (3)depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气---depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的；不景气的，萧条的 depressing adj. 令人抑郁的，令人沮丧的---depression n. 抑郁，沮丧；不景气 it depresses sb that .../to do sth ……让某人感到沮丧 be/get depressed about sth... 因....而沮丧 It depressed me to hear the bad news.听到这个坏消息我觉得沮丧。 单句语法填空 ①There was a feeling of depression (depress)in the office when the news of the job cuts was announced. ②When feeling depressed (depress), I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories. ③The more she thought about it, the more depressed (depress) she felt. ④And in a large sense, the market is so ________ (depress) that it's hurting everyone else. depressing ⑤It ________ (depress) me to see so many girls smoking. depresses ⑥It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye. 10.In a letter to his brothers, he wrote, “....how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection... Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. 他在给弟弟的信中说：“……这样一种在我身上本应比别人更加完美的感官，这样一种我曾经有绝顶禀赋的感官，如今怎能让我承认它有了缺陷……”然而，即使在那些最晦暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。 (1)the one sense which should be --which引导定语从句，修饰先行词sense (2) a sense which I once possessed---which引导定语从句，修饰先行词sense (3)possess vt.具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制 【归纳短语】 ①be possessed of ...... 具有某种品质(或特征) be possessed by..... 为....所支配 ②possession n. 财物；财产 be in possession of... 拥有……(主语为人) be in the possession of... (某物)为(某人)所拥有/控制 take/gain/get possession of... 占有，占据，拥有 Now he is in possession of a big company and has a high position in society.现在他拥有一家大公司，并且在社会上有很高的地位 Different students possess different characters and skills.不同的学生拥有不同的性格和技能。 单句语法填空 ①Though plain­looking, Mary is possessed of extraordinary intelligence. ②All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. ③Now the old house is in the possession of the government and is being taken good care of. ④We can’t take possession (possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. ⑤The more she thought about it, the more depressed (depress) she felt. (4)abandon vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 【归纳】 ①abandon doing sth　放弃做某事 abandon oneself to (doing) ...=be addicted to (doing) 沉湎于……； 纵情于……(to为介词) with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ②abandoned adj.被遗弃的；无约束的；无度的；放纵的 be abandoned to.. 沉湎于……(to为介词) They abandoned the match because of rain.因为下雨，他们中止了比赛 People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning their pets.人们为抛弃他们的宠物找各种各样的借口 单句语法填空 ①They abandoned carrying (carry) out the original plan because of the lack of money. ②Soon they reached an abandoned (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk. ③The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won. ④Abandoned(abandon) to smoking, he gradually developed lung cancer and died young. ⑤Abandoning (abandon)himself to sorrow, Steven just couldn't help crying. 11.Despite his hearing loss，he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.He used a variety of hearing aids to try to increase the amount of sound he could take in． 虽然听不清了，但他决心想办法让生活继续充满音乐。他尝试各种各样的助听设备，让自己听到更多的声音 (1)to try to increase---不定式短语作目的状语；he could take in为定语从句，修饰名词sound (2)take in 吸收；理解，明白；欺骗 12.When composing music at the piano,he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes． 在钢琴上作曲时，他将铅笔的一端含在嘴里，另一端顶住钢琴，这样就能感受到音符 (1)When composing music ---when doing(时间状语的省略用法) (2)so that he could feel--so that引导目的状语从句 【归纳用法】 ①so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便于，为了”，从句中常含有情态动词may, can, could等，并可与in order that互换。 ②so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句可用逗号隔开 Mari tilted her head back so that she could look at him.玛丽把头向后仰了仰，以便能看着他。 The teacher explained that passage again and again in order that every student might understand it. 为了使每个学生都能理解，老师一遍又一遍地讲解那一段 His hearing remained good, so that his contact with the world was uninterrupted.他的听力尚佳，因此他与外界的联系没有中断 单句表达 ①他们决定为这个项目增加人手，这样就不会耽搁了。 They decide to have more workers for the project __________________ it won't be delayed. ②为了确保我们所有人身体健康，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 ________________ make sure all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us. 答案：①so that/in order that　②In order to 13.You can soon feel the determination—a quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficulties—coursing through the music.你顿时会感到贯穿整部作品的那种刚毅——那种深受听障之苦的贝多芬所熟知的品质。 (1)Beethoven understood well--画线部分为定语从句，修饰名词quality，从句省略了关系代词that或which (2)course vi.快速地流动；奔流 (3)determination n．坚定；决心；果断 【拓展】①determine v．决定；查明；(使)下定决心 determine to do sth.决心做某事(表动作) determine sb.to do sth.使某人决定做某事 determine on/upon决定 ②determined adj.坚决的；果断的 be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表状态) 单句语态填空 ①With a strong (determine), one is able to overcome whatever hardships and dangers he may encounter. ②As he (determine)on time, he got up very early. ③The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. ④The teacher’s encouraging words determined him to study (study)harder. . 1.determination2.(was) determined to get there3.determined 14.The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it．接下来的两个乐章，充满了绝望的低声部和激越的高声部，或许分别反映了作曲家的痛苦和与之抗争的坚强意志。 (1)uplifting adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 (2)highs which perhaps reflect --which引导定语从句，修饰名词lows and highs (3)desperate adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的--desperately（adv.）绝望地,不顾一切地；非常,极其---desperation（n.） 【拓展】 be desperate for sth/to do sth 渴望得到某物/做某事 in desperate need of sth 极其需要…… in desperation拼命地；绝望中 He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything. 他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意做。 As the only bread­winner of the family, the father is desperate to get a job. 作为家里唯一的经济支柱，这位父亲急于需要找到一份工作 单句语态填空 ①The poor orphan was desperate for the love from that family. ②The medical workers are desperate to save (save)the patient’s life. ③Medical workers were in desperate need of this type of blood. ④He is desperately busy lately.(desperate) ⑤That was a really uplifting (uplift) message for my daughter. ⑥In ________ (desperate), she called the police and asked for help. desperation 15.The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer. Finally, in the fourth movement，he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus. 即使技术难度很高的段落，音乐也都从容流过，展现了他作为作曲家的才华。最后，在第四乐章中，他将一系列形态各异的变奏合为一阙欢乐的合唱。 (1)ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.& vt.(使)宽慰，减轻 【归纳短语】 with ease 轻松地；容易地；不费力地 put/set sb at one’s ease 使某人感到舒适/不拘束/安心 ease sb of sth 使某人消除/减轻…… He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease. 他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安，可是她的热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了。 Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease. 安妮很聪明，能够轻易地通过考试 (2)genius n．天赋，天资；天才 has a genius/gift for.... 有...天赋 (3)variation n．变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种 (4)chorus n．合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 (5)showing his genius as a composer---动词­ing形式短语作状语 单句语法填空 ①He is strong enough to raise all the boxes with ease. ②Do write to your mother to ease her of her worry. ③Einstein was a scientist who disliked  being called_(call) a genius.  ④She was set ________ ease by learning that her husband had been saved. at 阅读理解一 Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources,but a recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb,jump,and carry loads many times its own weight. The robot,mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York,along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin,is powered by tiny actuators(致动器).“The actuator looks like a column.It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top,” said Aubin. The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet.To make the robot jump or climb,a stream of methane(甲烷) and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked(触发) with electricity from a battery.The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion,causing the rubber to change its form. Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber.But they provided considerable propulsion:the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight. “This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby,a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois. Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications.And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd,described in a paper published in Science,would need further development for use in the field.“ At the moment,it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery,a limitation that presents a challenge.Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Truby.“This is the next big challenge to address.” 1.Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out? A.It is extremely tiny and light. B.It is equipped with a column. C.It is extremely swift and quick. D.It is driven by explosive force. 2.What happens when the methane and oxygen are sparked? A.The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot. B.The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement. C.The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot. D.The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement. 3.What does “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Ability to move. B.Possibility to develop. C.Force to push things. D.Electricity to spark gases. 4.How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built? A.They can use more actuators to provide larger power. B.They can design programs to control the robot efficiently. C.They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly. D.They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery. 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,文中提到该机器人的特别之处在于它是由微小的爆炸推动的。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,甲烷和氧气的反应产生能量,引起橡胶形变,从而驱动机器人。 3.C　词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知,它们提供了相当大的推进力。可推知,划线词为“推动力”。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,他们可以研究如何实现无线能量传输 阅读理解二 Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way.The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision,clarity,and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split. There is nothing wrong with clarity,precision,and the like—but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy.Outside academic journals,abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature,cinema,and song.There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story,and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage,rather than putting the reader to sleep. One of the great things about this is that,unlike formal philosophy,which tries to be very clear,stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve—they require interpretation,and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with. Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics(形而上学) of race—an area of philosophy that explores the question of whether or not race is real.There are three main positions that you can take on these questions.You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”).Or you might think of race as socially real,like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”).Finally,you might think that races are unreal—that they’re more like leprechauns(一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”). A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No More.In the book,a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites.Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure.White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White.In a final episode,Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way,which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more White. Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life.They are stories to think with. 5.What does the author think of philosophical stories? A.The meaning behind is very obvious. B.They are extremely precise and formal. C.They often cause conflicts among readers. D.They are engaging and inspire critical thinking. 6.Which category might “Christmas” fall into according to Paragraph 4? A.Social constructionism. B.Anti-realism. C.Biological realism. D.Literary realism. 7.What is Black No More in Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Racial issues caused by skin colors. B.A society view on race and self-image. C.Black people accepted by the white society. D.The origin of sun bathing among white people. 8.What is the best title of the text? A.Stories Made Easy B.Stories to Think with C.Positions in Philosophy D.Nature of Philosophical Writing 5.D　推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段内容可知,哲学故事可以使读者有参与感和激发批判性思维。 6.A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Christmas为一个节日,是社会的共有认知,应属于“社会建构主义”。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起来像白人的人。在最后一集中,克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比那些生来是白人的人更白,这开启了日光浴使皮肤变黑的趋势,以便看起来不那么白。由此可知,这段是关于种族和自我形象的社会观。 8.B　主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的,它会启发读者思考,所以B项是本文最好的标题 七选五 Critical(批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential.It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.　36　 Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.  Question your assumptions.We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything.It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information,and how we get along in everyday life.You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework.　37　 Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt,from the bottom up.  Don’t take information on authority until you’ve investigated it yourself.Instead of double-checking everything anyone says,we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source.This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way,saving time and energy.But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source,even when they don’t.　38　  Put yourself in other people’s shoes.Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills.　39　 You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behaviour.The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.  　40　 There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends.If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego(自负) feels good, keep this part.If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.  A.Actually,it’s about thinking better. B.Surround yourself with people smarter than you. C.Be someone that people know that they can count on. D.You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation. E.But what if they turned out to be wrong,or at least not entirely truthful? F.The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action. G.So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true. 36.A　37.E　38.G　39.D　40.B 完形 Early in the morning,while it’s still dark outside,I rise from bed,anticipating the day ahead.I leave my room and go downstairs to the 　41　 room of the assisted living facility.There I have 　42　 a quiet place in which to write.I love to write,and in those early morning hours before dawn, I can 　43　.I call these couple of hours in the very early part of my day “My Quiet Hours”. I can think clearly when it’s just me and the 　44　 of a soon-to-be-noisy dining room.  When breakfast is over and the day has officially 　45　,I must sneak(偷偷地做) moments for 　46　 into my day.While the other 　47　 go to the Activities Room to 　48　 themselves—making birthday cards or playing card games,I quietly close the door to my room and remain 　49　 and write.These quiet moments I 　50　 for myself take up most of my day,and I like it that way.  One of the　51　 of living in an assisted living facility is that,after all these years,I can spend more time doing what I love to do.Gone are the 　52　 days that didn’t offer any spare time for me to construct a 　53　,let alone a sentence.All of us need 　54　 time to examine our lives openly and honestly—spending quiet time alone gives my mind a(n) 　55　 to renew itself.  41.A.meeting B.dining C.living D.dressing 42.A.found B.ruined C.sensed D.shown 43.A.stay B.eat C.sleep D.think 44.A.darkness B.loneliness C.silence D.distance 45.A.begun B.passed C.returned D.broken 46.A.teaching B.writing C.cleaning D.playing 47.A.employees B.residents C.neighbours D.relatives 48.A.introduce B.behave C.entertain D.convince 49.A.at a loss B.out of sight C.under the weather D.in the way 50.A.come across B.lay down C.put away D.set aside 51.A.beauties B.challenges C.means D.moments 52.A.joyful B.lazy C.busy D.peaceful 53.A.chapter B.plot C.phrase D.mode 54.A.limited B.equal C.familiar D.quiet 55.A.opportunity B.identity C.diversity D.responsibility 41.B　根据下文“I can think clearly when it’s just me and the 　　　　of a soon-to-be-noisy dining room.”可知,作者是来到养老机构的餐厅。  42.A　根据上文内容可知,作者很早就来到餐厅,由此可推测,作者是想找地方写作。 43.D　根据下文“I can think clearly when it’s just me and the 　　　　of a soon-to-be-noisy dining room.”可知,在清晨这几个小时,作者觉得自己能清晰地思考。  44.C　根据上文“There I have 　　　　a quiet place in which to write.”以及下文“These quiet moments I 　　　　for myself take up most of my day, and I like it that way.”可知,作者需要安静的空间来思考来写作。  45.A　根据上文“When breakfast is over”以及常理可知,早餐后一天就开始了。 46.B　根据下文“I quietly close the door to my room and remain 　　　　and write.”可知,作者需要找出时间写作。  47.B　根据上文“I leave my room and go downstairs to the 　　　　room of the assisted living facility.”可知,作者住在养老机构。由此可知,空处指的是养老机构的其他居住者。  48.C　根据上文的“the Activities Room”以及下文“making birthday cards or playing card games”可知,这些人是去活动室娱乐自己。 49.B　根据上文“I quietly close the door to my room”可知,作者关上自己的房门,由此可知,作者是想避开大家的视线。 50.D　根据上文“While the other 　　　　go to the Activities Room to 　　　　themselves — making birthday cards or playing card games, I quietly close the door to my room and remain 　　　　and write.”可推测,作者每天都为自己留出一些时间写作。  51.A　根据上文的描述以及下文“after all these years, I can spend more time doing what I love to do”可知,作者认为写作是自己喜欢做的事情。由此可推测,作者认为这是住在养老机构的一个美好之处。 52.C　根据下文“days that didn’t offer any spare time for me”可知,曾经的那些日子作者非常忙碌,没有时间写作。 53.C　根据下文“let alone a sentence”可推测,空处指的是“单词或短语”。 54.D　根据上文“There I have 　　　　a quiet place in which to write.”以及“These quiet moments I 　　　　for myself take up most of my day, and I like it that way.”可知,作者想要表达的是每个人都需要安静的时光来审视自己的生活。  55.A　根据上文“examine our lives openly and honestly”以及下文“to renew itself”可推测,独自度过安静的时光可以让我们审视自己的生活从而让自己的心灵有机会得到更新 语法填空 Hoh Xil, which means“beautiful girl” in Mongolian,is located in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province.With the 56.　　　　　 (absent) of humans,Hoh Xil has preserved its primitive state.It’s one of the regions that humans have little knowledge of,thus preserving it as 57.　　　　　untouched natural paradise(天堂).  Hoh Xil is a 58.　　　　　 (forbid) zone for human beings,but a paradise of life.The reserve is home to more than 200 animal species,of 59.　　　　　 at least 20,including the Tibetan antelope(藏羚羊),are state-protected.The antelopes’ fame grew further after it became one of the 2008 Olympic mascots(吉祥物).  Hoh Xil stands 60.　　　　　 China’s largest world natural heritage site,maintaining a high-altitude(高海拔) ecosystem and iconic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,61.　　　　　 the ecological environment of Hoh Xil is delicate.In 2007,the reserve issued a statement,prohibiting all 62.　　　　　 (individual) to enter it illegally.In order for visitors to see the highland creatures,34 special sightseeing stations 63.　　　　 (establish) so far along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The scenery here is 64.　　　　　 (extreme) grand,with snowy mountains and ice-covered peaks,endless grasslands,blue skies and white clouds reflecting on the river surface,all 65.　　　　　 (create) a relaxing and pleasant natural environment.In July 2017,Qinghai Hoh Xil was added to the World Natural Heritage List. 56.absence　57.an　58.forbidden　59.which　60.as 61.but　62.individuals　63.have been established 64.extremely　65.creating 读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Once there lived a girl named Eve. The little girl was living with a dream. She wanted to be a ballet dancer. Her body was very flexible and she had a strong will power. Eve's parents never knew of the great dancing skills their daughter had until one day, they saw the little one dancing with the beautiful steps of a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). “Isn't it strange? Eve is dancing so well without any formal training!” the mother said. “We must give her professional lessons to help her improve her skills,” her father said. The following day, Eve's parents took her to a local dance training school. Upon meeting the dance teacher, her parents requested Eve's admission to the school. The teacher asked Eve to dance. The little girl was happy and showed some of her favorite dance steps. However, the teacher didn't seem interested in her performance. He kept himself busy with other tasks in the dance room while the little girl continued dancing with the hope of impressing the teacher. “That's OK. You can leave now!” the teacher said. Eve was shocked to hear this. So were her parents. They couldn't believe their ears. “The girl is average. She does not have it in her to become a ballerina,” the dance teacher said. “Don't let her waste her time dreaming of one day becoming a dancer.” Disappointed, Eve and her parents returned home. Tears rolled down Eve's face. Her dreams were shattered (粉碎) within a matter of minutes. With crushed ( 被 击 碎 的) confidence, Eve never attempted to dance again. She completed her studies and went on to become a teacher in school. Life was good and she kept herself busy with family and work. However, whenever she happened to pass the school's ballet room, memories of childhood days danced before her eyes. One day, the ballet trainer in her school was late. “What a performance, Eve! You are a true ballerina!” said the ballet trainer entering the classroom. 读后续写 Paragraph 1: One day, the ballet trainer in her school was late. Eve was asked to keep an eye on the girls so that they would behave themselves. Once inside the ballet room, all her old memories flooded back. She couldn't control herself anymore. She started off by teaching some steps to the girls and then carried on dancing herself for some time. Unaware of the time and the people around her, Eve was lost in her own little dancing world. Paragraph 2: “What a performance, Eve! You are a true ballerina!” said the ballet trainer entering the classroom. Hearing her voice, Eve stopped dancing. She was embarrassed to see the teacher in front of her and was at a loss for words. This was the first time that someone had said she was a wonderful dancer. Then the teacher, who was shocked to see Eve's amazing skills, asked Eve to visit a dance trainer with her. There has been no looking back for Eve since then. Today, Eve is a world-famous ballet dancer. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选必修一Unit2 The Universal Language (第二课时复习) +阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选必修一Unit2 Extended Reading词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part one词汇 1. combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并 2. greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→greed n. 贪婪 3. gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 4. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往 5. vary vi. 相异，不同；(根据情况)变化，变更 vt. 变更，改变→various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的→variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 6. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰 7. security n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→secure adj. 安全的 vt. 获得；保护；使安全 8. impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n. 印象；效果→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 9. adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 10. foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的→fog n. 雾 11. expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 12. appropriate adj. 合适的→appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地 13. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n. 消费者；顾客→consumption n. 消费，消耗量；吃，喝 14. innovation n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate v. 创新；改革；革新 15. mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合→mix v. (使)混合，(使)结合→mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的 16. compose vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→composer n. 作曲家，作曲者 17. transform vi. & vt. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n. 转化；转换；变形 18. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt. 使适应；改编 vi. 适应→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的 19. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defence n. 防御；防卫；保护 20. greet vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n. 问候，招呼；(pl. )祝词；贺词 21. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v. 对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n. 套装，西装 22. distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n. 距离；远方 23. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→breathe vi. 呼吸 24. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt. 预期；预料；期待；指望 vi. 认为；料想 25. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情 26. gifted adj. 有才华的，有天赋的→gift n. 礼物；天赋；赠品 27. prediction n. 预言，预测→predict v. 预言，预知；断言 28. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj. 沮丧的；萧条的→depression n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 29. possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→possession n. 拥有；(pl. )财产；财物 Part two短语 1. do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的 2. cry out for 迫切需要 3. throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于 4. out of this world 好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 5. let sth. loose 放任；释放 6. hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要 7. fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 8. tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 9. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任 10. throw in 奉送，额外赠送 11. for good measure 作为额外增添 12. consist of 由……组成(或构成) 13. get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 14. all of a sudden 突然，猛地 Part three Extended Reading Beethoven: a remarkable life贝多芬：非凡的一生 1.On 7 May 1824, a crowd of music lovers streamed into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first­ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9．1824年5月7日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳的一座剧院，聆听大作曲家路德维希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首演。 (1)a crowd of 一群 (2)stream vi.& vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n．小溪；(人)流，(车)流 stream into 涌入 stream from sth 从……流出来 (3)first­ever adj.首次的 (4)to hear the first­ever performance---动词不定式短语作目的状语 (5)remarkable adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的---remark n. 评论，意见 vi. & vt. 评论 【归纳】 ①be remarkable for..... 以……著称/引人瞩目 ②remark n．& vi. 言论，意见，评论 make a remark on/upon 就……发表意见 remark on/upon sth 评论/谈论某事 He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness. 他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力 单句语法填空 ①It would be rude to remark a lady’s appearance. ②There is no other country like China that has made such (remark) achievements. ③Professor Li made a short remark in the class his performance in the exam. 2.The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special, and they broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony.听众很快意识到他们所听绝非凡品，演出结束的那一刻，全场爆发出热情的欢呼。 (1)recognized that they were listening to---that引导宾语从句 (2)break into cheers突然欢呼起来，突然喝起彩来 (3)enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的---enthusiasm n. 热心；热情--enthusiastically adv.热情地 be enthusiastic about...　　对……积极热情 You don’t sound very enthusiastic about the idea.你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣 单句语法填空 ①More and more teenagers have become increasingly enthusiastic joining winter sports camps and training activities. ②I am glad to accept new challenges and embrace new technology and knowledge with (enthusiastic). ③The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering (enthusiastic) for the athletes. 3.Beethoven,who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life,was unaware of the audience’s response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd.当时贝多芬已近全聋，直到一位领唱扶他转过身来，面向观众，他才发觉反响之热烈。 (1)Beethoven,who was almost completely deaf....---who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beethoven (2)be unaware of 没有意识到 单句语法填空 (1)China is a powerful country, ________ we are proud of. (2)My physics teacher is my role model, ________ influence on me has made what I am today. (3)I am a fan of Liu Cixin, ________ novels have been translated into many other languages. (4)There was a time, ________ China was weak but now she is among the most powerful countries. (5)The movie opens with a scene, ________ the main characters are lost in the city. (6)When walking down the street, I came across David, ________ I hadnˈt seen for years. 4.Before him, he saw a sea of people all standing, clapping, and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork．他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着对这部杰作的赞赏。 (1)handkerchief n．(pl.handkerchiefs or handkerchieves) 手帕，纸巾 (2)to express--动词不定式短语作目的状语 5.Symphony No. 9 was Beethoven’s last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.贝多芬非凡的一生留下了极为丰厚的作品，《第九交响曲》是他最后一部大型作品。 (1)vast adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 (2)works written throughout his remarkable life---动词­ed形式短语作定语，修饰名词works 单句语法填空 (1)Look over there! There is a long winding path (lead) up to the house. (2)The app, specially (design) for kids, must be simple, colorful and instructive. (3)A committee was established (limit) damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (4)The birthday gift carefully (wrap) in colorful paper made my little sister jump with joy. (5)The cultural relics (belong) to the local area, which we discovered during the field trip, are of great value for studying history of the city. (6)A few minutes ______________(spend) casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 6.As a gifted child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night.Not long after, he began to be appreciated for his piano performances.By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 贝多芬幼年即展露才华，在父亲管教下夜以继日地学习音乐。没过多久，他的钢琴演奏已受人赏识。十多岁的时候，他已经是有名的杰出少年音乐家了。 (1)gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的 be gifted/talented in/at …= have a gift/talent for … 对....有天赋 (2)not long after 不久以后 (3)reputation n. 名誉，名声 【拓展短语】 live up to one’s reputation名副其实 have a reputation for.... 因....而著名，以....闻名 be of great/good/high reputation 很有声望；享有盛名 He is a man of good/high reputation.他是一个具有好名声的男人 The weather in England is living up to its reputation. 英格兰的天气真是名副其实 This store has a bad reputation for unfair dealing. 这家店由于不公平交易而声名狼藉 (4)by the time引导时间状语从句,意为“到……时候为止”。 ①从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。 ②从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时或现在完成时(表示将来)，主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。 ③主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况(主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know，find，believe等表示认知的持续性动词)，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 单句语法填空 ①By the time this letter reaches you, I (leave) the country. ②By the time he (be) 14, Mozart (compose) many pieces of music. ③By the time he was a teenager, he (enjoy)a reputation as a wonderful musician. ④Brian has a gift music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. ⑤Even if you are a (gift) man, you should not take your gift for granted.Make full use of it and you’ll succeed. ⑥She is not only gifted ________ music but also familiar with all kinds of musical instruments. ⑦She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a reputation ________ killing some of them, which made it impossible for her to become a mother. ⑧They will buy less if they find they are cheated, and your supermarket will get ________ bad reputation. ⑨By now, more than 100 students in my school ____________ (join)us. 7.Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making predictions about Beethoven’s extraordinary future.不少音乐领域的重要人物，包括才华卓越的莫扎特，都纷纷对他不可限量的前程给出预言。 (1)brilliant adj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 (2)prediction n.预言，预测--predict v.预言，预计----predictable adj.可预测的，可预料的---- unpredictable adj. 无法预测的，不定的---predictor n.预言者，预报器 【归纳用法】 ①make a prediction/predictions about sth 预测某事 ②predict sth预测某事 predict sb/sth to do.... 预言某人/某物做...... predict +(that)/wh-..... 预测..... It is/was predicted that.... 据预测..... It is predicted that the price of the houses is going to fall.据预测房价将要下降。 It's difficult to make accurate predictions about the effects on the environment. 很难准确预测对环境产生的影响 (3)extraordinary adj.不寻常的，非凡的，意想不到的，令人惊奇的 单句语法填空 ①It’s difficult to make an accurate (predict) about the effects on the environment. ②The outcome of the election was correspondent with his (predict). ③What happened next is impossible _ (predict). ④It (predict) that the price would continue to fall. ⑤He is (predict), weeping one moment and laughing the next. 8.However, life took a sharp turn.In his late twenties, Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing.然而，厄运突至，不到三十岁，贝多芬就开始经受对音乐家来说至为残酷的挫折：他的听觉开始衰退了 9.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret.听觉下降令贝多芬深受打击。他痛苦不堪，起初只想尽量隐瞒。 (1)upset adj.难过的，失望的 vt.(upset，upset) 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 【归纳短语】 ①be/get upset about....对……感到不满或不安 be upset that.... 对...感到不高兴 ②upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼 It upset sb to do.../that..... 让某人心烦的是..... Don't upset yourself about it—let's just forget it ever happened.你别为这事烦恼了——让我们就只当它没发生过。 It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服 (2) so upset that, at first, he wanted.....---本句为so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句 (3)depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气---depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的；不景气的，萧条的 depressing adj. 令人抑郁的，令人沮丧的---depression n. 抑郁，沮丧；不景气 it depresses sb that .../to do sth ……让某人感到沮丧 be/get depressed about sth... 因....而沮丧 It depressed me to hear the bad news.听到这个坏消息我觉得沮丧。 单句语法填空 ①There was a feeling of (depress)in the office when the news of the job cuts was announced. ②When feeling (depress), I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories. ③The more she thought about it, (depress) she felt. ④And in a large sense, the market is so ________ (depress) that it's hurting everyone else. ⑤It ________ (depress) me to see so many girls smoking. ⑥It upset her he had left without saying goodbye. 10.In a letter to his brothers, he wrote, “....how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection... Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. 他在给弟弟的信中说：“……这样一种在我身上本应比别人更加完美的感官，这样一种我曾经有绝顶禀赋的感官，如今怎能让我承认它有了缺陷……”然而，即使在那些最晦暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。 (1)the one sense which should be --which引导定语从句，修饰先行词sense (2) a sense which I once possessed---which引导定语从句，修饰先行词sense (3)possess vt.具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制 【归纳短语】 ①be possessed of ...... 具有某种品质(或特征) be possessed by..... 为....所支配 ②possession n. 财物；财产 be in possession of... 拥有……(主语为人) be in the possession of... (某物)为(某人)所拥有/控制 take/gain/get possession of... 占有，占据，拥有 Now he is in possession of a big company and has a high position in society.现在他拥有一家大公司，并且在社会上有很高的地位 Different students possess different characters and skills.不同的学生拥有不同的性格和技能。 单句语法填空 ①Though plain­looking, Mary is possessed extraordinary intelligence. ②All customers travelling on TransLink services must be possession of a valid ticket before boarding. ③Now the old house is in possession of the government and is being taken good care of. ④We can’t take (possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. ⑤The more she thought about it, the more (depress) she felt. (4)abandon vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 【归纳】 ①abandon doing sth　放弃做某事 abandon oneself to (doing) ...=be addicted to (doing) 沉湎于……； 纵情于……(to为介词) with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ②abandoned adj.被遗弃的；无约束的；无度的；放纵的 be abandoned to.. 沉湎于……(to为介词) They abandoned the match because of rain.因为下雨，他们中止了比赛 People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning their pets.人们为抛弃他们的宠物找各种各样的借口 单句语法填空 ①They abandoned (carry) out the original plan because of the lack of money. ②Soon they reached an (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk. ③The fans cheered abandon when their football team won. ④ (abandon) to smoking, he gradually developed lung cancer and died young. ⑤ (abandon)himself to sorrow, Steven just couldn't help crying. 11.Despite his hearing loss，he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.He used a variety of hearing aids to try to increase the amount of sound he could take in． 虽然听不清了，但他决心想办法让生活继续充满音乐。他尝试各种各样的助听设备，让自己听到更多的声音 (1)to try to increase---不定式短语作目的状语；he could take in为定语从句，修饰名词sound (2)take in 吸收；理解，明白；欺骗 12.When composing music at the piano,he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes． 在钢琴上作曲时，他将铅笔的一端含在嘴里，另一端顶住钢琴，这样就能感受到音符 (1)When composing music ---when doing(时间状语的省略用法) (2)so that he could feel--so that引导目的状语从句 【归纳用法】 ①so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便于，为了”，从句中常含有情态动词may, can, could等，并可与in order that互换。 ②so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句可用逗号隔开 Mari tilted her head back so that she could look at him.玛丽把头向后仰了仰，以便能看着他。 The teacher explained that passage again and again in order that every student might understand it. 为了使每个学生都能理解，老师一遍又一遍地讲解那一段 His hearing remained good, so that his contact with the world was uninterrupted.他的听力尚佳，因此他与外界的联系没有中断 单句表达 ①他们决定为这个项目增加人手，这样就不会耽搁了。 They decide to have more workers for the project __________________ it won't be delayed. ②为了确保我们所有人身体健康，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 ________________ make sure all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us. 13.You can soon feel the determination—a quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficulties—coursing through the music.你顿时会感到贯穿整部作品的那种刚毅——那种深受听障之苦的贝多芬所熟知的品质。 (1)Beethoven understood well--画线部分为定语从句，修饰名词quality，从句省略了关系代词that或which (2)course vi.快速地流动；奔流 (3)determination n．坚定；决心；果断 【拓展】①determine v．决定；查明；(使)下定决心 determine to do sth.决心做某事(表动作) determine sb.to do sth.使某人决定做某事 determine on/upon决定 ②determined adj.坚决的；果断的 be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表状态) 单句语态填空 ①With a strong (determine), one is able to overcome whatever hardships and dangers he may encounter. ②As he (determine)on time, he got up very early. ③The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. ④The teacher’s encouraging words determined him (study)harder. . 14.The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it．接下来的两个乐章，充满了绝望的低声部和激越的高声部，或许分别反映了作曲家的痛苦和与之抗争的坚强意志。 (1)uplifting adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 (2)highs which perhaps reflect --which引导定语从句，修饰名词lows and highs (3)desperate adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的--desperately（adv.）绝望地,不顾一切地；非常,极其---desperation（n.） 【拓展】 be desperate for sth/to do sth 渴望得到某物/做某事 in desperate need of sth 极其需要…… in desperation拼命地；绝望中 He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything. 他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意做。 As the only bread­winner of the family, the father is desperate to get a job. 作为家里唯一的经济支柱，这位父亲急于需要找到一份工作 单句语态填空 ①The poor orphan was desperate the love from that family. ②The medical workers are desperate (save)the patient’s life. ③Medical workers were desperate need of this type of blood. ④He is busy lately.(desperate) ⑤That was a really (uplift) message for my daughter. ⑥In ________ (desperate), she called the police and asked for help. 15.The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer. Finally, in the fourth movement，he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus. 即使技术难度很高的段落，音乐也都从容流过，展现了他作为作曲家的才华。最后，在第四乐章中，他将一系列形态各异的变奏合为一阙欢乐的合唱。 (1)ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.& vt.(使)宽慰，减轻 【归纳短语】 with ease 轻松地；容易地；不费力地 put/set sb at one’s ease 使某人感到舒适/不拘束/安心 ease sb of sth 使某人消除/减轻…… He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease. 他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安，可是她的热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了。 Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease. 安妮很聪明，能够轻易地通过考试 (2)genius n．天赋，天资；天才 has a genius/gift for.... 有...天赋 (3)variation n．变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种 (4)chorus n．合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 (5)showing his genius as a composer---动词­ing形式短语作状语 单句语法填空 ①He is strong enough to raise all the boxes ease. ②Do write to your mother to ease her her worry. ③Einstein was a scientist who disliked  _(call) a genius.  ④She was set ________ ease by learning that her husband had been saved. 阅读理解一 Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources,but a recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb,jump,and carry loads many times its own weight. The robot,mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York,along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin,is powered by tiny actuators(致动器).“The actuator looks like a column.It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top,” said Aubin. The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet.To make the robot jump or climb,a stream of methane(甲烷) and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked(触发) with electricity from a battery.The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion,causing the rubber to change its form. Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber.But they provided considerable propulsion:the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight. “This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby,a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois. Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications.And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd,described in a paper published in Science,would need further development for use in the field.“ At the moment,it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery,a limitation that presents a challenge.Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Truby.“This is the next big challenge to address.” 1.Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out? A.It is extremely tiny and light. B.It is equipped with a column. C.It is extremely swift and quick. D.It is driven by explosive force. 2.What happens when the methane and oxygen are sparked? A.The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot. B.The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement. C.The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot. D.The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement. 3.What does “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Ability to move. B.Possibility to develop. C.Force to push things. D.Electricity to spark gases. 4.How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built? A.They can use more actuators to provide larger power. B.They can design programs to control the robot efficiently. C.They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly. D.They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery. 阅读理解二 Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way.The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision,clarity,and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split. There is nothing wrong with clarity,precision,and the like—but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy.Outside academic journals,abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature,cinema,and song.There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story,and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage,rather than putting the reader to sleep. One of the great things about this is that,unlike formal philosophy,which tries to be very clear,stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve—they require interpretation,and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with. Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics(形而上学) of race—an area of philosophy that explores the question of whether or not race is real.There are three main positions that you can take on these questions.You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”).Or you might think of race as socially real,like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”).Finally,you might think that races are unreal—that they’re more like leprechauns(一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”). A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No More.In the book,a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites.Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure.White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White.In a final episode,Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way,which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more White. Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life.They are stories to think with. 5.What does the author think of philosophical stories? A.The meaning behind is very obvious. B.They are extremely precise and formal. C.They often cause conflicts among readers. D.They are engaging and inspire critical thinking. 6.Which category might “Christmas” fall into according to Paragraph 4? A.Social constructionism. B.Anti-realism. C.Biological realism. D.Literary realism. 7.What is Black No More in Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Racial issues caused by skin colors. B.A society view on race and self-image. C.Black people accepted by the white society. D.The origin of sun bathing among white people. 8.What is the best title of the text? A.Stories Made Easy B.Stories to Think with C.Positions in Philosophy D.Nature of Philosophical Writing 七选五 Critical(批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential.It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.　36　 Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.  Question your assumptions.We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything.It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information,and how we get along in everyday life.You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework.　37　 Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt,from the bottom up.  Don’t take information on authority until you’ve investigated it yourself.Instead of double-checking everything anyone says,we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source.This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way,saving time and energy.But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source,even when they don’t.　38　  Put yourself in other people’s shoes.Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills.　39　 You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behaviour.The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.  　40　 There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends.If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego(自负) feels good, keep this part.If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.  A.Actually,it’s about thinking better. B.Surround yourself with people smarter than you. C.Be someone that people know that they can count on. D.You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation. E.But what if they turned out to be wrong,or at least not entirely truthful? F.The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action. G.So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true. 完形 Early in the morning,while it’s still dark outside,I rise from bed,anticipating the day ahead.I leave my room and go downstairs to the 　41　 room of the assisted living facility.There I have 　42　 a quiet place in which to write.I love to write,and in those early morning hours before dawn, I can 　43　.I call these couple of hours in the very early part of my day “My Quiet Hours”. I can think clearly when it’s just me and the 　44　 of a soon-to-be-noisy dining room.  When breakfast is over and the day has officially 　45　,I must sneak(偷偷地做) moments for 　46　 into my day.While the other 　47　 go to the Activities Room to 　48　 themselves—making birthday cards or playing card games,I quietly close the door to my room and remain 　49　 and write.These quiet moments I 　50　 for myself take up most of my day,and I like it that way.  One of the　51　 of living in an assisted living facility is that,after all these years,I can spend more time doing what I love to do.Gone are the 　52　 days that didn’t offer any spare time for me to construct a 　53　,let alone a sentence.All of us need 　54　 time to examine our lives openly and honestly—spending quiet time alone gives my mind a(n) 　55　 to renew itself.  41.A.meeting B.dining C.living D.dressing 42.A.found B.ruined C.sensed D.shown 43.A.stay B.eat C.sleep D.think 44.A.darkness B.loneliness C.silence D.distance 45.A.begun B.passed C.returned D.broken 46.A.teaching B.writing C.cleaning D.playing 47.A.employees B.residents C.neighbours D.relatives 48.A.introduce B.behave C.entertain D.convince 49.A.at a loss B.out of sight C.under the weather D.in the way 50.A.come across B.lay down C.put away D.set aside 51.A.beauties B.challenges C.means D.moments 52.A.joyful B.lazy C.busy D.peaceful 53.A.chapter B.plot C.phrase D.mode 54.A.limited B.equal C.familiar D.quiet 55.A.opportunity B.identity C.diversity D.responsibility 语法填空 Hoh Xil, which means“beautiful girl” in Mongolian,is located in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province.With the 56.　　　　　 (absent) of humans,Hoh Xil has preserved its primitive state.It’s one of the regions that humans have little knowledge of,thus preserving it as 57.　　　　　untouched natural paradise(天堂).  Hoh Xil is a 58.　　　　　 (forbid) zone for human beings,but a paradise of life.The reserve is home to more than 200 animal species,of 59.　　　　　 at least 20,including the Tibetan antelope(藏羚羊),are state-protected.The antelopes’ fame grew further after it became one of the 2008 Olympic mascots(吉祥物).  Hoh Xil stands 60.　　　　　 China’s largest world natural heritage site,maintaining a high-altitude(高海拔) ecosystem and iconic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,61.　　　　　 the ecological environment of Hoh Xil is delicate.In 2007,the reserve issued a statement,prohibiting all 62.　　　　　 (individual) to enter it illegally.In order for visitors to see the highland creatures,34 special sightseeing stations 63.　　　　 (establish) so far along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The scenery here is 64.　　　　　 (extreme) grand,with snowy mountains and ice-covered peaks,endless grasslands,blue skies and white clouds reflecting on the river surface,all 65.　　　　　 (create) a relaxing and pleasant natural environment.In July 2017,Qinghai Hoh Xil was added to the World Natural Heritage List. 读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Once there lived a girl named Eve. The little girl was living with a dream. She wanted to be a ballet dancer. Her body was very flexible and she had a strong will power. Eve's parents never knew of the great dancing skills their daughter had until one day, they saw the little one dancing with the beautiful steps of a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). “Isn't it strange? Eve is dancing so well without any formal training!” the mother said. “We must give her professional lessons to help her improve her skills,” her father said. The following day, Eve's parents took her to a local dance training school. Upon meeting the dance teacher, her parents requested Eve's admission to the school. The teacher asked Eve to dance. The little girl was happy and showed some of her favorite dance steps. However, the teacher didn't seem interested in her performance. He kept himself busy with other tasks in the dance room while the little girl continued dancing with the hope of impressing the teacher. “That's OK. You can leave now!” the teacher said. Eve was shocked to hear this. So were her parents. They couldn't believe their ears. “The girl is average. She does not have it in her to become a ballerina,” the dance teacher said. “Don't let her waste her time dreaming of one day becoming a dancer.” Disappointed, Eve and her parents returned home. Tears rolled down Eve's face. Her dreams were shattered (粉碎) within a matter of minutes. With crushed ( 被 击 碎 的) confidence, Eve never attempted to dance again. She completed her studies and went on to become a teacher in school. Life was good and she kept herself busy with family and work. However, whenever she happened to pass the school's ballet room, memories of childhood days danced before her eyes. One day, the ballet trainer in her school was late. “What a performance, Eve! You are a true ballerina!” said the ballet trainer entering the classroom. 读后续写 Paragraph 1: One day, the ballet trainer in her school was late. Eve was asked to keep an eye on the girls so that they would behave themselves. Once inside the ballet room, all her old memories flooded back. She couldn't control herself anymore. She started off by teaching some steps to the girls and then carried on dancing herself for some time. Unaware of the time and the people around her, Eve was lost in her own little dancing world. Paragraph 2: “What a performance, Eve! You are a true ballerina!” said the ballet trainer entering the classroom. Hearing her voice, Eve stopped dancing. She was embarrassed to see the teacher in front of her and was at a loss for words. This was the first time that someone had said she was a wonderful dancer. Then the teacher, who was shocked to see Eve's amazing skills, asked Eve to visit a dance trainer with her. There has been no looking back for Eve since then. Today, Eve is a world-famous ballet dancer. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $