Unit 2 Natural disasters 单元同步知识点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案围绕必修三Unit 2核心词汇与句型展开，涵盖injure、reaction等词的词形变化、拓展用法及be doing...when...等句型，通过词缀归纳、高考范例解析搭建学习支架，帮助学生梳理前后知识脉络，实现从基础到应用的递进。 资料特色在于结合高考真题设计习题，通过词义辨析、语境应用等学科方法强化语言能力，同时引导学生分析句式结构、归纳语法规则，提升思维品质与学习能力，助力学生高效掌握考点，培养自主学习与知识迁移能力。

必修三 Unit 2 必修三U2【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1.injure vt. 伤害；使受伤； 损害 原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 【变形】 injured adj. 受伤的 injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 -y / -ey a. 充满……的 像……的 有……特征的 cloudy 多云的，模糊的 (cloud 云) windy 多风的 (wind 风) muddy 泥泞的，混乱的 (mud 泥) salty 咸的，含盐的 (salt 盐) [footnoteRef:2] [2: 注意不要与-ty词缀弄混了] watery 含水多的，乏味的 (water 水) greasy 油腻的 (grease 油脂) hairy 多毛的，体毛旺盛的 (hair 头发) bloody 血腥的，(仅BrE)该死的 (blood 血) icy 冰冷的，冷漠的 (ice 冰块) noisy 吵闹的 (noise 噪音) n. 表达事物本身，通常加在v.或a.后 difficulty 困难 (difficult 困难的) discovery 发现 (discover 发现) inquiry 质询 (inquire 询问) mastery 精通 (master 掌握) jealousy 妒忌 (jealous 妒忌的) n. 小…… 表达戏谑或爱称 (另见-ie) fatty 小胖子 (fat 胖) shorty 小矮子 (short 矮，短) sissy小娘炮，娘娘腔 (ext. off.) [footnoteRef:3] (sis = sister 姐妹) [3: ext. off.是 “extremely offensive（极具有侮辱性的）”的缩写。在现代英语中，sissy是一个性别语义贬损(gender-based pejoration)的词语，形容像女孩子那样爱哭、柔弱、胆小的男孩，对应中文的“娘娘腔”。此外，相关的形容词还有girly，意为“像女孩子那样的”，这个词比sissy要稍好一些，它可以中性，也可贬义] 另注：有些词语的-y可以改写成-ie brownie 巧克力布朗尼蛋糕 (brown 棕色的) softie 心软的人 (soft 柔软的) sweetie 甜心 (sweet 甜的) leftie 左撇子 (left 左边的) 【拓展】 ★the injured 伤员 ★do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 【高考范例】 ◎As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. 因此, 她说, 一些与跑步有关的损伤, 比如跑步者的膝伤, 在竞走者中并不常见。 ◎A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.在 我第一次参加马拉松比赛的一个月前，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我两周不能跑步，只剩下两周的训练时间。 ◎These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. 这些化学物质来自植物受伤的部分，似乎是一个警报。 【习题】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】To their big surprise, they found a small, _________________ (injure) fox lying there, making some heartbroken sounds. 【2024一中高三下适应演练1】I_________________ (injure) in a soccer game last night. The doctor examined me carefully and told me that I had to stay in bed for at least one week. 【2025雅礼高三下模1】I strongly hope for a sports injury recovery area. After intense workouts, students may get_________________ (injure). 2.reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 原文：Her students' reaction was quick and correct--they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 【变形】 react v.作出反应；回应 【拓展】 ★reaction to... 对……的反应 ★react to 对……作出反应；回应…… react with... 与……起反应 react against 反抗 【高考范例】 ◎In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. 贝尔维尤运输部(Bellevue Transportation Department)交通工程经理马克·波奇(Mark Poch)说，过去，人们对交通流量增加往往会有一种自动反应：只要拓宽道路就行了。 ◎But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 但我们都必须承认，随着年龄的增长，我们的反应会变慢，这往往会导致人们避免任何可能具有挑战性的驾驶条件，并对自己的驾驶技术失去信心。 ◎The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. 这项研究测试了20名健康的志愿者，当他们看到恐惧面孔的图片时，他们对恐惧的反应。 【习题】 【2024长郡高三下模1】In around 24 hours, it obtained over 70,000_________________(react) and over 76,000 shares. 【2023南雅高二上月考1】When you think about it, shedding tears from your eyes can cause embarrassment or confusion．But it seems to be an automatic_________________(react) when we get sad or upset. 【0-2024雅礼高二上入学】There is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent. I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior _________________ (react), and I know every street in the city. 3.confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 原文：After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 【变形】 confirmation n.证实；确认 【拓展】 confirm one’s opinion 证明某人的观点 confirm one's belief/ determination 坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm sb. in sth. 使某人坚信某事 It has been confirmed that 已确认 【高考范例】 ◎The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.官员证实了这两幅画是真迹, 价值五千万美元。 【习题】 【2023长郡高二上期末】Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but________________ (confirm) that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof. 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Any claims could _____________(confirm) through the names of the kids on the gift tags (标签), which he purposely had left in the headquarters. 【2025一中高二上期末】Miyashita and Kirin said clinical tests on people who follow a low-sodium diet _____________(confirm)that the device enhances the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times. 4. signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志 原文：She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 【拓展】 ★a danger/warning signal　 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号灯 ★signal (to)sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal to sb. 向某人示意 signal (sb.)that... 示意(某人)…… 【高考范例】 ◎In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling " Climb on me. “ 在一个案例中，一位母亲把脚伸给哭闹的婴儿，示意“爬到我身上来。” ◎Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home. 位于西雅图东部的贝尔维尤是一个快速发展的城市，该市使用的一种系统在美国越来越受欢迎:可以根据交通状况实时调整的十字路口信号。 这些灯被称为自适应信号，已经显著降低了往返于工作和家庭之间的麻烦和成本。 【词义辨析】signal，sign，symbol，mark signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。 A red light is a signal of danger, which is even known to a five-year-old child. sign 表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”。 Her popularity clearly shows no sign of waning. 她的受欢迎程度显然没有显示出下降的迹象。 symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 The dove is a universal symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的共同象征。 mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。 The lighthouse on the top of the hill serves as a mark for fliers.山顶上的灯塔成了飞行员（识别地形）的标志。 【习题】 【2025周南高二上期末】Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force, a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital _____________(signal) by a converter (转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth. 【2025周南高二上期末】When the signals _____________(receive), a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration (振动). 【2025雅礼高三下模1】In 1972, a few months after Nixon’s historic visit, China presented two giant pandas to the United States, _____________ (serve) as a powerful signal of the easing of relations between the two countries. 5.occur vi 发生；出现；存在于 原文：Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 【变形】 occurrence n.出现；发生，事件 -ance /-ancy -ence /-ency n. 性质，状况， 结果，行为 acceptance 接受 importance 重要性 appearance 外观，外表 distance 距离 (dis分开 + st 站立) entrance 入口 (trance 进入) balance 平衡 (lance 天平称重) guidance 指引，指导 (guid 引导) vacancy 空缺 (vac 空缺) constancy 坚定 (stan 站立) experience 经历，经验 (peri 尝试) absence 缺席 (sent 存在，送，说) silence 沉默 (sil 安静) fluency 流利度 (flu 流动) urgency 紧急 (urg 推动) tendency 趋势 (tend 倾向) 【拓展】 sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事 It occurs to sb. that.../to do... 某人突然想到…… 【高考范例】 ◎We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. 我们是进化的产物, 而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。 ◎In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. 研究发现，在一个升温3℃的世界里，海洋的颜色会发生多种变化。 【习题】 【2025一中高二下月考3】Three additional deaths, indirectly linked to the power cut, _____________(occur) on Monday in Galicia. 【2025明德高二下期末】Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact. This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue. This phenomenon _____________(occur) for thousands of years. 【2025长郡高三下模1】Sometimes even routine _____________(occur) become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. 6.relief [c]n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 原文：To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 【变形】 relieve vt.减轻；解除；救援 relieved adj.感到宽慰的 【拓展】 relieve sb. of... 减轻某人的……；将某人从……中解脱出来 to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是 with relief 欣慰地；如释重负地 It’s a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。 【高考范例】 ◎Though still trembling with fear, we felt relieved and safe. 虽然依然因恐惧而颤抖, 我们感到宽慰了、安全了。 ◎Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 尽管如此，当这个季节结束时，我们大多数志愿者都松了一口气。 ◎According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. 然而，根据海外发展研究所(ODI)的数据，在过去20年里，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是在事后进行恢复和重建。 【习题】 【2025附中高二上期末】A trip to the doctor and nightly beer and whisky failed to bring any _____________ (relieve) from my condition. 【2025附中高三下模1】After a few rings, Ivy picked up. Aughtry briefly explained the situation. Ivy’s voice trembled _____________ relief and gratitude on the other end of the line. 【0-2024新高考适应高三下】It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away, but a great relief _____________(lift) from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked. 7.inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉 原文：Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 【变形】 information n.信息 【拓展】 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb. that... 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人某事 【高考范例】 ◎In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. 大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了圆形大剧场，至今仍是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续为当代设计提供灵感。 ◎Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. 你要的书一旦送到最近的分行，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，你就可以去取书了。 ◎The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. 剑桥科学节(CSF)很高兴地通知您第六届年度好奇挑战。 【习题】 【2022雅礼高二上月考3】My mom says that she has been able to _____________(inform) by just listening to me. 【2023师附高二上大练习2】High-definition 3D computer vision can provide surgeons ___________ detailed information and enhanced performance during procedures. 【2023南雅高二上月考1】Unfortunately, solid _____________(inform) is hard to come by. RSentences 1.Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 【拓展】 本句中含有be doing...when...句型，意为：正在做……，这时…… ※when用作并列连词，表示“这时”之意，还用于以下三种句型： (1)be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时…… (2)be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……，这时…… (3)had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… 【习题】 (1)The woman was about to signal ________ the telephone rang. (2)The man ______________________________________________________ someone rushed in. 这个人正打算离开，这时有人冲了进来。 (3)She _________________________________________ her mother asked her to play the piano. 她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹琴。 (4)The boy was walking in the street and at that time he was attracted by a bird. →The boy was walking in the street __________________________________. 必修三U2【Extended reading语法】 ●Extended reading RWords 1.shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤 原文：Yes. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock. 【变形】 shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 【拓展】 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 【高考范例】 ◎ Jones was shocked when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. 当她说她真不在意被欺骗时, 琼斯非常震惊。 ◎At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, ＂Does anyone know CPR?＂起初没有人动。女孩们都惊呆了，垒球教练喊道:“有谁会心肺复苏吗?” ◎Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. 还有两名学生跑去找学校护士，护士带来了一个除颤器，一种可以电击心脏的电子设备。 【习题】 【2025明德高二下期中】The surprise attack came as________great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech. 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Once they arrived, they quickly called their parents. Their parents rushed over, ________(shock) but impressed by their children’s kindness. 【2-2024雅礼高三上期中】He said, "Eddie, can you pick up that bag of apples and put it in the cart?" ________(shock) , Eddie did exactly what James asked. 2.scare vt. &vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓 原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材U20) 【变形】 scared adj.害怕的，吓坏了的 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 【拓展】 ★scare...away/off 把……吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 ★(be) scared to death 吓得要死 be scared to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事 【高考范例】 ◎Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. 有时, 这样大的噪音会把熊吓走了。 ◎But before she asked a farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away. 但在她要求农民在他们的农场上设置蜂箱之前，她需要弄清楚蜜蜂是否会吓跑大象。 ◎He said he was just too scared to go up to her. 他说他只是太害怕了，不敢去找她。 ◎Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend. 一天，又害怕又孤独的约书亚和一只他叫伯利恒的小老鼠交朋友，这只老鼠成了他最亲密的朋友。 【习题】 【2024麓山高二上月考1】Being bullied can make you feel alone, ________(scare), and hopeless. 【2025附中高二上期末】My friends Wade and Bred think Andy would ruin everything. He would get ________(scare) in the middle of the night and have to be taken back to the house. 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Even________the scare and nervousness, curiosity got the better of them. They carefully approached the source of that sound. 3.power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控 制力；能力；能量；力量 原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 【变形】 powerful adj. 效能高的；强有力的；强壮的 【拓展】 in power 当权 come to power 上台 beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及 【高考范例】 ◎The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. 病人有权利选择他想要说什么。 ◎Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)--such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway--a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). 照明用电约占美国总用电的7%。由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。 【习题】 【2023南雅高二上月考1】Between Hubble and the star lies a galaxy cluster，WHL0137-08，which is so huge that its mass wraps the fabric of space，________(create) a power of natural magnifying（放大）glass that magnifies the light from objects behind it，a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing（引力透镜效应）. 【2025一中高二上期末】First, download an app with a comprehensive map of the public charging points showing their locations, how __________(power) they are, and whether they’re working. 【2024长郡高三下适应2】Last year, a __________ (power) computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. 4.run out of 用完, 用尽 原文：Were you afraid of running out of supplies? 你是不是担心补给品用光了？ 【拓展】 run across 偶然遇见 run after 追捕；追求 run away from ... 逃离…… run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等） run for 竞选 run through 浏览；快速穿越…… 【高考范例】 ◎We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. 我们都知道那些在到达生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。 【词义辨析】run out of/run out/use up/give out 易混词组 区别 run out 意为“用完，耗尽”时，为不及物动词短语,其主语一般为物，其后不可以接宾语，也不用被动 run out of 意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语一般为人，其后要接宾语 give out 意为“耗尽，用完”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物 use up 意为“用光，用完”，为及物动词短语，其后可接宾语，可用于被动语态 【习题】 ①I 　　　　　　　 her in the public library yesterday.  ②Our food is 　　　　　　　　. Will you go to the supermarket to buy some?  ③You just cannot always 　　　　　　　　 your duty while faced with difficulty.  ④Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are 　　　　　　.We must act immediately before there’s none left.   5.donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官） 原文：Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 【变形】 donation n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 donor n.捐赠者 【拓展】 donate sth. to... 向……捐赠某物 give/make a donation to... 向……捐赠 【高考范例】 ◎We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless. 我们为曾经无家可归的人提供全套家具，比如捐赠的厨房设备和家具。 ◎Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. 摩尔想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到笑容。 她将AilicCandy 10%的利润捐给了Big Smiles。 ◎Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. 志愿者们带来了一车捐赠的衣服和玩具。 【习题】 【2025附中高二上期中】Since the Poetry Nightstand project started, people 　　　　　　　 (donate) a wide range of writing. 【2024雅礼高三下综合测试1】As the article spread, offers of help poured in. People went out of their way 　　　　　　　(donate) materials and help fix the broken facilities. 【2025麓山国际高三下月考8】Soon some neighbors began to donate their　　　　　　　 (abandon) bikes after their kids had outgrown them or adults had upgraded to new models. 6.curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的 原文：She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。 【变形】 curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n.好奇心 【拓展】 be curious about sth. 对某事好奇 be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 【高考范例】 ◎Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” 像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问: “为什么?为什么? 为什么？” ◎She was curious about how the experts did it. 她很好奇专家们是如何做到的。 ◎However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. 然而，当我对某件事感兴趣时，我就会全神贯注，高中的时候，我对电脑很好奇，于是建立了我的第一个网站。 ◎Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. 学生敢画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或写一首诗来表达他们的好奇心。 【习题】 【2023师附高二上大练习2】A few locals approached me and were super __________ (curious) as to what I was doing there alone since most tourists did not go there. 【2025一中高二上期中】One day, during break, his best friend, Jim, with__________ curious look in his eyes, approached. “Are you going to have a birthday party this year?” Jim asked, sensing Sam’s sadness. 【2025长郡高三下模1】Not long after we started cleaning, a few curious __________ (passerby) stopped to ask why we were doing it: Knowing our mission, they began to join us. 7.break out突然开始；爆发 原文：The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。 【拓展】 break down 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 崩溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见） break out 爆发，突然发生 break out of 逃脱，突破，摆脱 break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎 break through （取得）突破，冲破 break off 突然停止 break of 放弃，改掉（习惯） break into 闯入 【高考范例】 ◎Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. 西班牙和英格兰的研究人员最近发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。 【习题】 【2022雅礼高二上月考3】In most films, if two lovers want to break __________of arranged marriage, they can't just run away. They must win over their parents. 【2024弘益高二上期中】That is what people need to ask themselves if we are to have any chance of breaking __________ false beliefs about their use of technology. RSentences 1. The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。 【拓展】 此句中含有must have done结构。must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。如： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。 补充 must表示推测时的常用结构: must do 表示对现在动作的肯定推测 must be doing 表示对正在进行动作的肯定推测 must have done 表示对过去动作的肯定推测 其他的类似结构： should have done sth. 过去本该做某事但没有做。 shouldn’t have done sth. 过去本不该做而做了。 might/might not have done 可能做过/可能没做过 could have done... (肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……” needn’t have done... 不需要做……但是做了…… must have done 过去一定做了 couldn’t have done... 不可能做过…… may have done sth. 或许做了某事。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 1.You ______________________ at home last Sunday，but you didn’t. 上周日你本该待在家里的， 但是你没有。 2.You are sleepy. You _____________________ to bed late last night. 你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。 3.We ____________________ the match，but we were too careless. 我们本可以赢得比赛， 但是我们太粗心了。 4.You _________________________ so much food，for there’s a lot in the fridge. 你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三 Unit 2 必修三U2【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1.injure vt. 伤害；使受伤； 损害 原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures[footnoteRef:2] 200 injured in the disaster area at large[footnoteRef:3]. [2: n.数字，数目，数值；数字符号，位数；身材，体型；（远处的）人影；（重要的）人物；（绘画或模型中）人像；（书中的）图、表；（数学）图形；价格，金额 v.（以重要地位）出现；<美，非正式>认为，估计；理解，弄懂；计算；用图画（或图形等）描绘，想象] [3: 大范围的] 【变形】 injured adj. 受伤的 injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 -y / -ey a. 充满……的 像……的 有……特征的 cloudy 多云的，模糊的 (cloud 云) windy 多风的 (wind 风) muddy 泥泞的，混乱的 (mud 泥) salty 咸的，含盐的 (salt 盐) [footnoteRef:4] [4: 注意不要与-ty词缀弄混了] watery 含水多的，乏味的 (water 水) greasy 油腻的 (grease 油脂) hairy 多毛的，体毛旺盛的 (hair 头发) bloody 血腥的，(仅BrE)该死的 (blood 血) icy 冰冷的，冷漠的 (ice 冰块) noisy 吵闹的 (noise 噪音) n. 表达事物本身，通常加在v.或a.后 difficulty 困难 (difficult 困难的) discovery 发现 (discover 发现) inquiry 质询 (inquire 询问) mastery 精通 (master 掌握) jealousy 妒忌 (jealous 妒忌的) n. 小…… 表达戏谑或爱称 (另见-ie) fatty 小胖子 (fat 胖) shorty 小矮子 (short 矮，短) sissy小娘炮，娘娘腔 (ext. off.) [footnoteRef:5] (sis = sister 姐妹) [5: ext. off.是 “extremely offensive（极具有侮辱性的）”的缩写。在现代英语中，sissy是一个性别语义贬损(gender-based pejoration)的词语，形容像女孩子那样爱哭、柔弱、胆小的男孩，对应中文的“娘娘腔”。此外，相关的形容词还有girly，意为“像女孩子那样的”，这个词比sissy要稍好一些，它可以中性，也可贬义] 另注：有些词语的-y可以改写成-ie brownie 巧克力布朗尼蛋糕 (brown 棕色的) softie 心软的人 (soft 柔软的) sweetie 甜心 (sweet 甜的) leftie 左撇子 (left 左边的) 【拓展】 ★the injured 伤员 ★do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 【高考范例】 ◎As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with[footnoteRef:6] running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. [6: be associated with=be connected with=be linked to与...关联] 因此, 她说, 一些与跑步有关的损伤, 比如跑步者的膝伤, 在竞走者中并不常见。 ◎A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.在 我第一次参加马拉松比赛的一个月前，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我两周不能跑步，只剩下两周的训练时间。 ◎These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm[footnoteRef:7]. 这些化学物质来自植物受伤的部分，似乎是一个警报。 [7: alarmed adj.担忧的，惊恐的 alarming adj.令人震惊的] 【习题】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】To their big surprise, they found a small, _________________ (injure) fox lying there, making some heartbroken sounds. injured 【2024一中高三下适应演练1】I_________________ (injure) in a soccer game last night. The doctor examined me carefully and told me that I had to stay in bed for at least one week. was injured 【2025雅礼高三下模1】I strongly hope for a sports injury recovery area. After intense workouts, students may get_________________ (injure). injured 2.reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 原文：Her students' reaction was quick and correct--they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 【变形】 react v.作出反应；回应 【拓展】 ★reaction to... 对……的反应 ★react to 对……作出反应；回应…… react with... 与……起反应 react against 反抗 【高考范例】 ◎In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. 贝尔维尤运输部(Bellevue Transportation Department)交通工程经理马克·波奇(Mark Poch)说，过去，人们对交通流量增加往往会有一种自动反应：只要拓宽道路就行了。 ◎But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 但我们都必须承认，随着年龄的增长，我们的反应会变慢，这往往会导致人们避免任何可能具有挑战性的驾驶条件，并对自己的驾驶技术失去信心。 ◎The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. 这项研究测试了20名健康的志愿者，当他们看到恐惧面孔的图片时，他们对恐惧的反应。 【习题】 【2024长郡高三下模1】In around 24 hours, it obtained over 70,000_________________(react) and over 76,000 shares. reactions 【2023南雅高二上月考1】When you think about it, shedding tears from your eyes can cause embarrassment or confusion．But it seems to be an automatic_________________(react) when we get sad or upset. reaction 【0-2024雅礼高二上入学】There is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent. I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior _________________ (react), and I know every street in the city. reactions 3.confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 原文：After a roll[footnoteRef:8] call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. [8: v.（使）翻滚，滚动；（使）翻身，翻转；行驶，开动；（机器）转动，运转；（液体）滚落，滑落；使……成球状（或管状）；使平坦，压平；把（衣服的边）卷起来；（使）摇摆，摇晃；n.卷，卷轴；卷状食品；名单，花名册；一管；滚动，翻滚；左右摇晃，振荡；隆隆声，轰轰响；] 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 【变形】 confirmation n.证实；确认 【拓展】 confirm one’s opinion 证明某人的观点 confirm one's belief/ determination 坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm sb. in sth. 使某人坚信某事 It has been confirmed that 已确认 【高考范例】 ◎The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million[footnoteRef:9].官员证实了这两幅画是真迹, 价值五千万美元。 [9: millionaire百万富翁 billionaire亿万富翁] 【习题】 【2023长郡高二上期末】Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but________________ (confirm) that microbial[footnoteRef:10] life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof. [10: adj.微生物的；由细菌引起的] confirming 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Any claims could _____________(confirm) through the names of the kids on the gift tags (标签), which he purposely had left in the headquarters. be confirmed 【2025一中高二上期末】Miyashita and Kirin said clinical tests on people who follow a low-sodium diet _____________(confirm)that the device enhances the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times. had confirmed micro- n. 微小的，微型的，微观 microscope 显微镜 microbe 细菌，微生物 microarray 微阵列 macro- n. 大，宏观 macroclimate 大气候 macroworld 宏观世界 macroeconomics 宏观经济学 macrocosm 宏观世界 4. signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志 原文：She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 【拓展】 ★a danger/warning signal　 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号灯 ★signal (to)sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal to sb. 向某人示意 signal (sb.)that... 示意(某人)…… 【高考范例】 ◎In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling " Climb on me. “ 在一个案例中，一位母亲把脚伸给哭闹的婴儿，示意“爬到我身上来。” ◎Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home. 位于西雅图东部的贝尔维尤是一个快速发展的城市，该市使用的一种系统在美国越来越受欢迎:可以根据交通状况实时调整的十字路口信号。 这些灯被称为自适应信号，已经显著降低了往返于工作和家庭之间的麻烦和成本。 【词义辨析】signal，sign，symbol，mark signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。 A red light is a signal of danger, which is even known to a five-year-old child. sign 表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”。 Her popularity clearly shows no sign of waning. 她的受欢迎程度显然没有显示出下降的迹象。 symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 The dove is a universal symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的共同象征。 mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。 The lighthouse on the top of the hill serves as a mark for fliers.山顶上的灯塔成了飞行员（识别地形）的标志。 【习题】 【2025周南高二上期末】Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force, a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital _____________(signal) by a converter (转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth. signals 【2025周南高二上期末】When the signals _____________(receive), a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration (振动). are received 【2025雅礼高三下模1】In 1972, a few months after Nixon’s historic visit, China presented two giant pandas to the United States, _____________ (serve) as a powerful signal of the easing of relations between the two countries. serving 5.occur vi 发生；出现；存在于 原文：Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 【变形】 occurrence n.出现；发生，事件 -ance /-ancy -ence /-ency n. 性质，状况， 结果，行为 acceptance 接受 importance 重要性 appearance 外观，外表 distance 距离 (dis分开 + st 站立) entrance 入口 (trance 进入) balance 平衡 (lance 天平称重) guidance 指引，指导 (guid 引导)[footnoteRef:11] [11: guide导游；指南 ] vacancy 空缺 (vac 空缺) constancy 坚定 (stan 站立) experience 经历，经验 (peri 尝试) absence 缺席 (sent 存在，送，说) silence 沉默 (sil 安静) fluency 流利度 (flu 流动) urgency 紧急 (urg 推动) tendency 趋势 (tend 倾向) 【拓展】 sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事 It occurs to sb. that.../to do... 某人突然想到…… 【高考范例】 ◎We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. 我们是进化的产物, 而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。 ◎In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. 研究发现，在一个升温3℃的世界里，海洋的颜色会发生多种变化。 【习题】 【2025一中高二下月考3】Three additional deaths, indirectly linked to the power cut, _____________(occur) on Monday in Galicia. occurred 【2025明德高二下期末】Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact. This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue. This phenomenon _____________(occur) for thousands of years. has occurred 【2025长郡高三下模1】Sometimes even routine _____________(occur) become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. occurrences 6.relief [c]n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 原文：To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 【变形】 relieve vt.减轻；解除；救援 relieved adj.感到宽慰的 【拓展】 relieve sb. of... 减轻某人的……；将某人从……中解脱出来 to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是 with relief 欣慰地；如释重负地 It’s a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。 【高考范例】 ◎Though still trembling with fear, we felt relieved and safe. 虽然依然因恐惧而颤抖, 我们感到宽慰了、安全了。 ◎Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 尽管如此，当这个季节结束时，我们大多数志愿者都松了一口气。 ◎According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. 然而，根据海外发展研究所(ODI)的数据，在过去20年里，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是在事后进行恢复和重建。 【习题】 【2025附中高二上期末】A trip to the doctor and nightly beer and whisky failed to bring any _____________ (relieve) from my condition. relief 【2025附中高三下模1】After a few rings, Ivy picked up. Aughtry briefly explained the situation. Ivy’s voice trembled _____________ relief and gratitude on the other end of the line. with 【0-2024新高考适应高三下】It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away, but a great relief _____________(lift) from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked. lifted 7.inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉 原文：Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 【变形】 information n.信息 【拓展】 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb. that... 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人某事 【高考范例】 ◎In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. 大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了圆形大剧场，至今仍是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续为当代设计提供灵感。 ◎Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. 你要的书一旦送到最近的分行，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，你就可以去取书了。 ◎The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. 剑桥科学节(CSF)很高兴地通知您第六届年度好奇挑战。 【习题】 【2022雅礼高二上月考3】My mom says that she has been able to _____________(inform) by just listening to me. be informed 【2023师附高二上大练习2】High-definition 3D computer vision can provide surgeons ___________ detailed information and enhanced performance during procedures. with 【2023南雅高二上月考1】Unfortunately, solid _____________(inform) is hard to come by. information RSentences 1.Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 【拓展】 本句中含有be doing...when...句型，意为：正在做……，这时…… ※when用作并列连词，表示“这时”之意，还用于以下三种句型： (1)be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时…… (2)be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……，这时…… (3)had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… 【习题】 (1)The woman was about to signal ________ the telephone rang. (2)The man ______________________________________________________ someone rushed in. 这个人正打算离开，这时有人冲了进来。 (3)She _________________________________________ her mother asked her to play the piano. 她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹琴。 (4)The boy was walking in the street and at that time he was attracted by a bird. →The boy was walking in the street __________________________________. 【答案】(1)when (2) was about to leave/was on the point of leaving when (2) had just finished her homework when (4) when he was attracted by a bird 必修三U2【Extended reading语法】 ●Extended reading RWords 1.shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤 原文：Yes. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock. 【变形】 shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 shockingly adv. 【拓展】 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 【高考范例】 ◎ Jones was shocked when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. 当她说她真不在意被欺骗时, 琼斯非常震惊。 ◎At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, ＂Does anyone know CPR?＂起初没有人动。女孩们都惊呆了，垒球教练喊道:“有谁会心肺复苏吗?” ◎Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. 还有两名学生跑去找学校护士，护士带来了一个除颤器，一种可以电击心脏的电子设备。 【习题】 【2025明德高二下期中】The surprise attack came as________great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech. a 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Once they arrived, they quickly called their parents. Their parents rushed over, ________(shock) but impressed by their children’s kindness. shocked 【2-2024雅礼高三上期中】He said, "Eddie, can you pick up that bag of apples and put it in the cart?" ________(shock) , Eddie did exactly what James asked. shocked 2.scare vt. &vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓 原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材U20) 【变形】 scared adj.害怕的，吓坏了的 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 【拓展】 ★scare...away/off 把……吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 ★(be) scared to death 吓得要死 be scared to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事 【高考范例】 ◎Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears[footnoteRef:12] off. 有时, 这样大的噪音会把熊吓走了。 [12: bearable adj. 可忍受的；支持得住的 unbearable a.难耐的，无法忍受的] ◎But before she asked a farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away. 但在她要求农民在他们的农场上设置蜂箱之前，她需要弄清楚蜜蜂是否会吓跑大象。 ◎He said he was just too scared to go up to her. 他说他只是太害怕了，不敢去找她。 ◎Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend. 一天，又害怕又孤独的约书亚和一只他叫伯利恒的小老鼠交朋友，这只老鼠成了他最亲密的朋友。 【习题】 【2024麓山高二上月考1】Being bullied can make you feel alone, ________(scare), and hopeless. scared 【2025附中高二上期末】My friends Wade and Bred think Andy would ruin everything. He would get ________(scare) in the middle of the night and have to be taken back to the house. scared 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Even________the scare and nervousness, curiosity got the better of them. They carefully approached the source of that sound. with 3.power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控 制力；能力；能量；力量 原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 【变形】 powerful adj. 效能高的；强有力的；强壮的 【拓展】 in power 当权 come to power 上台 beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及 beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond belief难以置信 【高考范例】 ◎The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. 病人有权利选择他想要说什么。 ◎Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)--such as the distance[footnoteRef:13] from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway--a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). 照明用电约占美国总用电的7%。由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。 [13: In the distance在远处 distant-distantly ] 【习题】 【2023南雅高二上月考1】Between Hubble and the star lies a galaxy cluster，WHL0137-08，which is so huge that its mass wraps the fabric of space，________(create) a power of natural magnifying（放大）glass that magnifies the light from objects behind it，a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing（引力透镜效应）. creating 【2025一中高二上期末】First, download an app with a comprehensive map of the public charging points showing their locations, how __________ (power)they are, and whether they’re working. powerful 【2024长郡高三下适应2】Last year, a __________ (power) computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. powerful 4.run out of 用完, 用尽 原文：Were you afraid of running out of supplies? 你是不是担心补给品用光了？ 【拓展】 run across 偶然遇见 run after 追捕；追求 run away from ... 逃离…… run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等） run for 竞选 run through 浏览；快速穿越…… 【高考范例】 ◎We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. 我们都知道那些在到达生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。 【词义辨析】run out of/run out/use up/give out 易混词组 区别 run out 意为“用完，耗尽”时，为不及物动词短语,其主语一般为物，其后不可以接宾语，也不用被动 run out of 意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语一般为人，其后要接宾语 give out 意为“耗尽，用完”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物 use up 意为“用光，用完”，为及物动词短语，其后可接宾语，可用于被动语态 【习题】 ①I 　　　　　　　 her in the public library yesterday.  ②Our food is 　　　　　　　　. Will you go to the supermarket to buy some?  ③You just cannot always 　　　　　　　　 your duty while faced with difficulty.  ④Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are 　　　　　　.We must act immediately before there’s none left.   【答案】①ran across/into　②running out　③run away from　④running out 5.donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官） 原文：Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 【变形】 donation n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 donor n.捐赠者 【拓展】 donate sth. to... 向……捐赠某物 give/make a donation to... 向……捐赠 【高考范例】 ◎We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless. 我们为曾经无家可归的人提供全套家具，比如捐赠的厨房设备和家具。 ◎Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. 摩尔想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到笑容。 她将AilicCandy 10%的利润捐给了Big Smiles。 ◎Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. 志愿者们带来了一车捐赠的衣服和玩具。 【习题】 【2025附中高二上期中】Since the Poetry Nightstand project started, people 　　　　　　　 (donate) a wide range of writing. have donated 【2024雅礼高三下综合测试1】As the article spread, offers of help poured in. People went out of their way 　　　　　　　(donate) materials and help fix the broken facilities. to donate 【2025麓山国际高三下月考8】Soon some neighbors began to donate their　　　　　　　 (abandon) bikes after their kids had outgrown them or adults had upgraded to new models. abandoned 6.curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的 原文：She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。 【变形】 curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n.好奇心 【拓展】 be curious about sth. 对某事好奇 be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 【高考范例】 ◎Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” 像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问: “为什么?为什么? 为什么？” ◎She was curious about how the experts did it. 她很好奇专家们是如何做到的。 ◎However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. 然而，当我对某件事感兴趣时，我就会全神贯注，高中的时候，我对电脑很好奇，于是建立了我的第一个网站。 ◎Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. 学生敢画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或写一首诗来表达他们的好奇心。 【习题】 【2023师附高二上大练习2】A few locals approached me and were super __________ (curiosity) as to what I was doing there alone since most tourists did not go there. curious 【2025一中高二上期中】One day, during break, his best friend, Jim, with__________ curious look in his eyes, approached. “Are you going to have a birthday party this year?” Jim asked, sensing Sam’s sadness. a 【2025长郡高三下模1】Not long after we started cleaning, a few curious __________ (passerby) stopped to ask why we were doing it: Knowing our mission, they began to join us. passersby 7.break out突然开始；爆发 原文：The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。 【拓展】 break down 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 崩溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见） break out 爆发，突然发生 break out of 逃脱，突破，摆脱 break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎 break through （取得）突破，冲破 break off 突然停止 break of 放弃，改掉（习惯） break into 闯入 【高考范例】 ◎Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. 西班牙和英格兰的研究人员最近发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。 【习题】 【2022雅礼高二上月考3】In most films, if two lovers want to break __________of arranged marriage, they can't just run away. They must win over their parents. out 【2024弘益高二上期中】That is what people need to ask themselves if we are to have any chance of breaking __________ false beliefs about their use of technology. down RSentences 1. The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。 【拓展】 此句中含有must have done结构。must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。如： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。 补充 must表示推测时的常用结构: must do 表示对现在动作的肯定推测 must be doing 表示对正在进行动作的肯定推测 must have done 表示对过去动作的肯定推测 其他的类似结构： should have done sth. 过去本该做某事但没有做。 shouldn’t have done sth. 过去本不该做而做了。 might/might not have done 可能做过/可能没做过 could have done... (肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……” needn’t have done... 不需要做……但是做了…… must have done 过去一定做了 couldn’t have done... 不可能做过…… may have done sth. 或许做了某事。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 1.You ______________________ at home last Sunday，but you didn’t. 上周日你本该待在家里的， 但是你没有。 2.You are sleepy. You _____________________ to bed late last night. 你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。 3.We ____________________ the match，but we were too careless. 我们本可以赢得比赛， 但是我们太粗心了。 4.You _________________________ so much food，for there’s a lot in the fridge. 你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。 【答案】1.should have stayed 2.must have gone 3.could have won 4.needn’t have bought 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $