Unit 6 Section B 2a-2c 课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦否定前缀（un-、in-/im-等）和-ing/-ed形容词用法，通过法国派对礼仪复习导入，引导学生从已知否定词对（如polite-impolite）总结规律，逐步拓展前缀类型，搭建从旧知到新知的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，通过筷子文化语篇填空（2d）巩固语法，结合礼仪介绍培养跨文化认知。采用对比辨析（如embarrassing/embarrassed）提升思维品质，学生能在语境中准确运用语言，教师可高效实现语法与文化教学结合。

Chopsticks Section B (2a-2c) Crossing Cultures Unit 6 Learning Objectives 能够理解形容词否定前缀un-和in-/im-的意义，了解前缀只改变意义，不改变词性的特点；能够在语境中正确使用形容词或其否定形式。 能够在有关筷子文化的语篇中用所给单词的正确形式完成语篇填空，理解单词的语义建构功能。 能够理解语篇的主旨和内涵，加深对亚洲筷子文化的了解，并能简要介绍使用筷子的礼仪。 能够掌握含有后缀-ing/-ed的成对形容词的意义区别；能够在语境中准确运用这两类形容词。 Review Reading and complete the tips. 1. It’s _________ to arrive early to a French party, but it’s _______ to be on time or a few minutes late. (polite) 2. It’s _________ to come to the party without a gift, but it’s ________ to bring small gifts like chocolates or flowers. (proper) 3. It’s _______ to ask people about their age or salary, but it’s _______ to talk about food, culture or hobbies. (safe) 4. It’s ___________ to speak only English all the time, but it’s ___________to use French whenever you can, even just a “merci”. 5. It’s ________ to wear shorts or casual clothes to the party, but it’s ______ to dress nicely for the occasion. (formal) impolite polite improper proper unsafe safe unnecessary necessary informal formal Think and Share impolite polite improper proper 有礼貌的 没礼貌的 恰当的 不恰当的 unsafe safe unnecessary necessary 安全的 不安全的 必要的 不必要的 informal formal 正式的 非正式的 What’s the meaning of these words? These pairs of words have ________ meanings. opposite 4 Think and Share impolite polite improper proper 有礼貌的 没礼貌的 恰当的 不恰当的 unsafe safe unnecessary necessary 安全的 不安全的 必要的 不必要的 informal formal 正式的 非正式的 What are they? Attention: A prefix is a group of letters that we add ______ a word. It ________ the meaning of the word, but doesn’t change its part of speech. before changes im- un- in- Negative prefixes Can you think of more pairs of words? What do they mean? Attention: They mean "not" and make the word have the opposite meaning. Write down the negative forms of the adjectives in the box using un- or in-/im-. 2a safe formal proper possible friendly direct tidy healthy perfect important common correct un-: unsafe, ... in-/im-: informal, improper, … unfriendly, untidy, unhealthy, unimportant,  uncommon indirect, incorrect, impossible,  imperfect Presentation Look and say dis- im- un- non- mis- in- 译为“不 (是)” “无”“非”等。 加在单词前面 , 可变为该词的反义词 , 表示否定意义的前缀 否定前缀 Presentation Look and say dis- 表否定 dis- like 喜欢 dis- dislike 不喜欢 “dis-” 加在________前，改变词义，使其表示与原动词相反的动作或状态。 动词 in- in- 表否定 active 积极的 in- inactive 不活跃的 ability 能力 in- inability 无能力 “in-” 加在以元音或除 b, m, p, l, r 以外的辅音开头的形容词或者_____前，强调“缺乏某种性质”含义。 名词 8 Presentation Look and say im- 是 in- 变体，仅接以唇音字母 m / p 开头的形容词或名词。 moral道德的 im- immoral 不道德的 proper 恰当的 im- improper 不恰当的 patient 耐心的 im- impatient 不耐烦 im- Presentation Look and say un- 表否定，加在形容词前, 直接否定属性或状态。加在动词前, 表示 “逆转、取消原动作”; 加在名词前：表示 “否定状态或相反事物”。 un- lucky幸运的 un- unlucky 不幸的 comfortable舒适的 un- uncomfortable 不舒服的 cover v. 覆盖 un- uncover 揭开；揭露 rest n. 休息 un- unrest 动荡 接形容词： 接动词： 接名词： 10 Presentation non- 表否定 non- stop n.停止 non- nonstop 不间断的行程 sense n. 感觉 non- nonsense 无意义的话 “non-” 加在_______或者_____前，表达否定的含义。 alcoholic（含酒精的 ） non- non-alcoholic 不含酒精的 名词 形容词 Look and say Presentation mis- 表否定, 核心是 “错误性”描述动作的偏差或结果的不当。 mis- place v. 放置 mis- misplace 放错地方 understand v. 理解 mis- misunderstand 误解 fortune n. 运气 mis- misfortune 不幸；厄运 “mis-” 加在_______或者_____前，表达否定的含义。 名词 动词 Look and say Presentation il- 表否定,常用于以l开头的形容词前 il- legal v.法律的 il- illegal 非法的 responsible负责的 ir- Irresponsible 不负责的 Look and say ir- 常用于以r开头的形容词前 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the adjectives in brackets. 2b 1. Saying “hi” is an _________ way to greet others. (formal) 2. It is _________ to point at people in many countries. (polite) 3. The host is certainly _________ when you enjoy yourself at their party. (happy) 4. People usually dress in formal clothes when visiting some public places such as concert halls. It is _________ to wear shorts, short skirts, or jeans there. (proper) 5. In some cultures, it is OK to be late sometimes. People are _________ even if their meetings don’t start on time. (patient) informal impolite happy improper patient Global Manners Sentence Making Try to make more sentences about different cultures around the world. im- un- in- In India, it’s unacceptable to eat with your left hand. People shouldn’t wear informal clothes to a wedding in the UK. It’s incorrect to touch someone’s head in Thailand. In China, it is impolite to open gifts in front of the giver. Think and Share When you travel to a new place and don’t know the local manners, what would happen? We may make some ___________ mistakes, and we'll feel ___________. embarrassing embarrassed Attention: Rule 1: Words that end in -ed describe how someone ________. Rule 2: Words that end in -ing describe the features of _________ feels something Circle the correct words to complete the conversations. 2c 1. A: Did you understand the rules? I found them confused / confusing. B: I was confused / confusing at first too, but Mr Thompson explained them to me. 2. A: Isn't it excited / exciting that James will marry Jennifer next month? B: Yes! I'm so excited / exciting, and I can't wait to congratulate them. 3. A: Sally was a little embarrassed / embarrassing just now. She wished her friend happy birthday on the wrong date. B: Oh no! That can be embarrassed / embarrassing. /ˈmæri/ v. /kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt/ v. Tip: Find out the key words. -ing 形容词 “令人.......的”, 主语是事物 / 情况，描述事物的性质。 -ed 形容词 “感到......的”, 主语是人，描述人的感受。 explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 17 1. I am ________ in the book, because it is full of ________ stories. 2. They felt ________ about the news and almost jumped with joy, because it was really ________. 3. I am ________ about the question, because it is not clear. Actually, it’s quite ________. 4. I was so ___________ that I wanted to hide, because I made a very ___________ mistake at the party yesterday. More practice Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives ending in -ed or -ing. interested interesting excited exciting confused confusing embarrassed embarrassing Language points 教材 P58 2c 1. Isn't it exciting that James will marry Jennifer next month？ 詹姆斯下个月要和珍妮弗结婚了，这难道不令人激动吗？ marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚 (注意：该短语中to不能换为with) 【及物动词】&【不及物动词】具体用法如下： marry sb. 娶／嫁给某人 marry sb. to sb. 把···嫁给···；为···娶亲 1. My uncle _________a teacher. 我叔叔娶了一位教师。 2. Daisy's parents ______________a lawyer. 戴西的父母把她嫁给了一名律师。 married married her to 她五年前和陈先生结婚了。 She married Mr Chen 5 years ago.= She got married to Mr Chen 5 years ago. 她已经和陈先生结婚五年了。She has been married to Mr Chen for 5 years. marry和get married都表示瞬间动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用be married表示状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 19 Language points 教材 P58 2c 2. I'm so excited, and I can't wait to congratulate them. 我很激动，等不及要去祝贺他们了。 congratulate v. 祝贺 congratulate sb. 祝贺某人 congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事祝贺某人 congratulate sb. for doing sth. 祝贺某人做某事 拓展：congratulation【名词】祝贺 常用其复数形式：congratulations 1.Soon after the show, my family came backstage to_______________. 表演结束后不久，我的家人到后台来祝贺我。（衢州中考） 2.My mother ______________________my great success． 妈妈祝贺我取得了巨大的成功。 3. ______________________________first place in the 100-meter dash． 祝贺你赢得了100米短跑的第一名。 4.Hi, Tom. I heard that you won first prize in the talent show yesterday. _______________ to you on winning the first prize！ 恭喜你获一等奖！（齐齐哈尔中考） Congratulations congratulate me congratulated me on Congratulate you for winning 20 Language Points 2. I'm so excited/exciting, and I can't wait to congratulate them. 我太兴奋/令人兴奋了，都等不及要去祝贺他们了。 can't wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事 拓展: can't wait for sth 急切地等某事 can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 1.我迫不及待地想看他的新科幻小说。 I _____________read his new science fiction. 2.我急切地等待假期的到来。 I ______________the vacation. can't wait to can't wait for Language Points 3. She wished her friend happy birthday on the wrong date. 她在错误的日期祝她朋友生日快乐。 (1)wish ①（动词）祝，祝愿（某人好运、幸福等） wish sb sth 祝愿某人…… ②（动词）但愿；希望 与hope同义。 wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb/sth to do sth 希望某人/某物做某事 ③（名词）希望；愿望；（复数）祝福 Best wishes! make a wish 许愿 1.他祝愿朋友旅途平安。He wished his friend a safe trip. 2.我希望有一天能去夏威夷。I wish to go to Hawaii some day. 3.我们希望他们的梦想能够实现。We wish their dream to come true. 4.她闭上眼睛，对着流星许了个愿。 She closed her eyes and made a wish on the shooting star. 22 Language Points 3. She wished her friend happy birthday on the wrong date. 她在错误的日期祝她朋友生日快乐。 辨析 wish hope 动词 表示某种强烈而难以实现的“愿望” 表示可以实现的“希望”或能达到的“期望” wish to do sth 希望做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb/sth to do sth 希望某人/某物做某事 - “wish+(that)从句”表示难以实现的愿望 “hope+(that)从句”表示可以实现的愿望 wish sb sth 祝愿某人某事 - 名词 常用复数形式，表示祝福 表示某人的期盼、愿望 I wish you a happy New Year! We hope to see you again. I wish (that)I could fly like a bird. Best wishes to you. I hope (that)he can do that. We're full of hope for the future. I wish to travel to the moon. I wish her to fly to the moon. 23 Look and Share What are these? They are chopsticks. Do you use chopsticks every day? Yes. Do you know any rules about using chopsticks? Don’t point at others with chopsticks. Don’t stick chopsticks into food. Don’t tap your chopsticks on the bowl or plate Use serving chopsticks when serving others. Use serving chopsticks when serving others. 给别人夹菜时请使用公筷。 24 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. 2d normal last manner proper challenge In many Asian countries, it is ______ for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks ________. Firstly, don't stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad _________. Secondly, don't pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. Thirdly, don't point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. ______, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little ___________. The key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks well! /ˈeɪʒ(ə)n/ adj. /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ n.传统 /ˈfɜːstli/ adv. /ˈsekəndli/ adv. /ˈθɜːdli/ adv. / kəˈrektli / adv. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. 2d normal last manner proper challenge In many Asian countries, it is ______ for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks ________. Firstly, don't stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad _________. Secondly, don't pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. Thirdly, don't point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. ______, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little ___________. The key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks well! adj. adv. it is + adj. +for sb to do sth use chopsticks + adv. n. adv. bad +n. adj. be a little + adj. Practice Complete the sentences. 1. A: Is it ___________ to you that he’s always late for dinner? B: Yes, I’m really ___________. (annoyed / annoying) 2. A: The new rule about using phones in class is really ___________. B: I’m still ___________ about when we can use them. (confused/confusing) 3. A: The news that our favorite singer will come to our school is ________. B: I’m so ________ that I can’t sleep well these days. (excited/exciting) annoying annoyed confusing confused exciting excited annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ v. 使恼怒；打扰 27 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. 2d normal last manner proper challenge In many Asian countries, it is __________ for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks __________. Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad __________. Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. __________, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little ___________. The key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks well! normal properly manners Lastly challenging stick... into... 把....插进.... point at 指向 plenty of 大量，许多 (后跟‌可数名词/不可数名词) Read 2d again and answer the question. In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks properly. Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad manners. Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. Lastly, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little challenging. The key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks well! What are the three rules of using chopsticks mentioned in the passage? Don’t stick chopsticks into food. Don’t pull dishes close to you with chopsticks. Don’t point at others or wave chopsticks when talking. In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks properly. Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad manners. Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. Lastly, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little challenging. The key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks well! 在许多亚洲国家 用筷子吃饭 关于……的规则与传统 把……插进食物里 不礼貌的行为；失礼 指着别人 wave... about 挥舞… 有点挑战性 关键所在 不断尝试；坚持尝试 大量的练习 学会很好地使用…… Language points 教材 P58 2d 3. In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. 在许多亚洲国家，人们用筷子吃饭是很正常的事。 Asian adj.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 Tip: Asian的发音以元音音素开头，其前的不定冠词要用an。 (1)【形容词】亚洲（人）的 (2)【可数名词】亚洲人 拓展：(1) Asia【名词】亚洲 China is in Asia. 中国位于亚洲。 （2）其他相关词汇：Europe 欧洲→European 欧洲人；欧洲（人）的 Africa 非洲 → African 非洲人；非洲（人）的 America 美洲 → American 美洲人；美洲（人） 练1. China is ____ Asian country,while France is ____ European country. A. an;a B. a;an C. an;an D. a;a 2. How is the _________foot type different from westerners？ 亚洲人的脚型和西方人的有什么不同？ 3. I saw two ________at school yesterday. 我昨天在学校看见了两个亚洲人。 A Asian Asians Language points 教材 P58 2d 4. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks properly. 关于如何恰当地使用筷子，有许多规则和传统。 tradition n. 传统 a/the tradition of... ······的传统 拓展：tradition n.传统 → traditional → adj.传统的 → traditionally adv.传统上 练：1.书法是世界上最著名的中国传统艺术形式之一。 Calligraphy is one of the best-known ____________ Chinese art forms in the world. 2.People _____________eat mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival. 传统上，人们在中秋节吃月饼。 3.The ____________of tea drinking began in China thousands of years ago. 饮茶的传统几千年前始于中国。（湖州中考） traditional traditionally tradition Language points 教材 P58 2d 5. Lastly, hold your chopsticks correctly. 最后，要正确地拿筷子。 correctly adv. 正确地；得体地 由“correct (adj.正确的；得体的）+ -ly（后缀）”构成。 拓展：correct的含义和用法： 【形容词】正确的；恰当的 【及物动词】纠正；批改 correct the kids' homework 1.AI can make a better world if we use it _________ (correct). 2. It's necessary to ________ his mistakes. 有必要纠正他的错误。 3.When you hold your pen in the _______ way, writing is much easier. 当你以正确的方式握笔时，书写就容易多了。 correctly correct correct Language Points 6. It is impolite to point at people in many countries. 在许多国家，指着别人是不礼貌的。 辨析：point at, point to与point out point at 指着 at是介词，侧重于指的对象, 指着离说话人较近的人或事物 point to 指向 to是介词，侧重于指的方向 , 指向离说话人较远的人或事物 point out 指出 out是副词, 给某人指出方向、要点或错误等 1.用你的筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。 It's impolite to point at others with your chopsticks. 2.他指向河对岸的房子说：“那是我家。” He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said, "That's my home." 3.老师指出我家庭作业里的许多错误。 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出所缺的单词 1 1. In our school, it is a t_________ to hold a sports meeting every autumn. 2. I was happy to r_________ a birthday present from my best friend. 3. We will c_________ loudly for our class team in the football match. 4. Many of the students in our class like wearing _________ (牛仔裤). 5. She made a ____________ (错误的) answer in the maths test. radition 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 2 6. It’s ________ (safe) to swim in this deep river. 7. It’s ________ (proper) to speak loudly in the library. 8. If you follow the steps, you can solve the problem ________ (correct). 9. Many ______ (Asia) students in our school like playing table tennis after class. 10. Firstly, we need to finish our homework; _______ (two), we can watch a short video. eceive heer jans false/wrong unsafe improper correctly Asian  Secondly 35 从方框中选择合适的单词填空，每词限用一次 3 11. —Lily was so excited to hear the news that she won first prize. —So she was! Let’s ______ her on her success. A. celebrate B. greet C. congratulate D. serve 12. Lucy is going to ______ Jim next week. Now it seems that everything is ready. A. marry for B. marry C. marry to D. marry with 13. —What’s your ______ of our new English teacher? —She’s kind and always ready to help us. A. impression B. decision C. invitation D. attention C B A 36 Homework Must-do Choose-to-do 1. 用本课学到的 un-/in-/im- 否定前缀，写出3组“原词+反义词”，并各造1个句子。例：formal → informal Sentence: It is informal to wear shorts in a concert hall. 2. 用本课学到的 -ed / -ing 形容词，写3个对比句，体现两者用法差异。例：The movie is exciting. I feel excited about it. 课文内容复述 用自己的话复述2D筷子礼仪文本，至少包含： - 3条筷子使用规则 - 2个 sequence words（firstly/secondly/thirdly/lastly） - 课文原句中的核心观点（keep trying / practice makes perfect） 1488.979 Wxmm_9020230808 Wxmm_9020230808 $