Unit 8 Make a difference Section B 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版八下Unit8 Make a difference Section B的核心内容。从词汇的词形变化及搭配入手，涵盖必背短语及易混辨析，进而聚焦现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及延续动词用法，结合重点句型和同步习题，构建从基础积累到综合应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇-短语-语法-句型-应用”为逻辑主线，词汇部分标注词形变化及必考搭配，助力语言能力提升。短语辨析通过对比表格和例句明晰差异，培养思维品质。习题设置单选和选词填空，结合志愿活动情境，强化知识运用，提升学习能力，体现学科特色的情境化学习方法。

2024 人教版八下 Unit8 Make a difference Section B 单词 音标 词性 释义 词形变化 + 搭配 satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/ n. 满足，满意 satisfy v. 使满意；satisfied adj. 感到满意；be satisfied with 对…… 满意 joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 喜悦，快乐 joyful adj. 快乐的；to one’s joy 令某人高兴的是 try /traɪ/ v./n. 努力；尝试 try to do 尽力做；try doing 试着做；have a try 试一试 journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n. 旅程；人生历程 on the journey 在旅途上 strong /strɒŋ/ adj. 强壮的；意志坚定的 strength n. 力气；strong-willed 意志坚强的 feeling /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ n. 感受，情绪 feel v.(felt/felt) 感觉 understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v. 理解，懂得 understood (过去式 / 过分)；understand doing imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象，设想 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事（必考：不能加 to do） difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难；难事 difficult adj. 困难；have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 open /ˈəʊpən/ v./adj. 打开；开着的 be open（延续）；open up 打开 / 开拓 carry /ˈkæri/ v. 搬运，提拿 carry away 搬走；carry sth.to sp. 把某物搬到某地 excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ n. 兴奋 excited adj.(人) 兴奋；exciting adj.(物) 令人兴奋 kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良；善举 kind adj. 善良；do sb.a kindness 帮某人忙 wheel /wiːl/ n. 车轮 wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə/n. 轮椅【新增课标】 repair /rɪˈpeə(r)/ v. 维修（大件） repair houses/machines；区别 fix 小件修理 broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破损的 break-broke-broken；broken legs 受伤的腿 disable /dɪsˈeɪbl/ v. 使丧失能力；使残疾 disabled adj. 残疾的；the disabled 残疾人 spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的；多余的 spare time 业余时间；spare sth.for sb. 匀出某物 二、Section B 全量课标短语（原有 + 增补短语，易混辨析） 必背短语（增补课标短语） 1.give away 赠送、捐赠（物品） 2.take after （性格 / 外貌）像亲人 3.fix up 修理（小件物品） 4.run out of=use up 用完（人作主语） 5.run out 耗尽（物作主语） 6.cheer up 使振奋、使开心 7.come up with 想出（主意 / 方案） 8.put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 9.help sb.out 帮某人摆脱困境 10.be satisfied with 对…… 满意 11.at the same time 与此同时 12.make a plan to do 制定计划做 13.for free 免费 14.thanks to 多亏，由于 1.spare one’s free time to do 抽出空余时间做 2.offer to help sb. 主动帮助某人 3.give out donations 分发捐赠物资 4.raise money for charity 为慈善筹款 5.help the disabled 为残疾人帮忙 6.put up signs 张贴告示 短语及释义表格 短语 释义 give away 赠送、捐赠（物品） be satisfied with 对…… 满意 take after （性格 / 外貌）像亲人 at the same time 与此同时 fix up 修理（小件物品） make a plan to do 制定计划做 run out of=use up 用完（人作主语） for free 免费 run out 耗尽（物作主语） thanks to 多亏，由于 cheer up 使振奋、使开心 spare one’s free time to do 抽出空余时间做 come up with 想出（主意 / 方案） offer to help sb. 主动帮助某人 put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 give out donations 分发捐赠物资 put up signs 张贴告示 raise money for charity 为慈善筹款 help sb.out 帮某人摆脱困境 help the disabled 为残疾人帮忙 短语辨析 短语 区别 例句 take after 遗传家人长相性格 She takes after her grandma. look like 任意人外貌相像 He looks like his deskmate. fix up 小件：自行车、小家电 fix up broken wheels repair 大件：房屋、机器 repair the old house run out of 人 + 用完 I ran out of spare money. run out 物 + 耗尽 My spare money ran out. 语法 1. 现完标志副词：ever/never/already/yet/just 2. 现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 有具体过去时间 (yesterday/in 2023)→一般过去；无具体时间、强调经历 / 结果→现在完成 3. 延续动词汇总（open→be open /close→be closed） 重点句型 1.It’s necessary for us to spare free time to do volunteer work.抽出空闲做志愿对我们很有必要。 2.Many volunteers offer to take care of sick patients for free.很多志愿者主动免费照顾病患。 3.Thanks to lots of donations, the disabled kids can get new wheelchairs.多亏大量捐赠，残障孩子得到新轮椅。 同步习题 专项一 词义辨析 一.单选 1.We ____ our spare time to help the disabled children every weekend. A.spare B.repair C.imagine D.fix 2.The young man ____ to help carry heavy boxes for the old for free. A.offers B.raises C.signs D.donates 3.We collect many ____ and send them to the poor mountain schools. A.donations B.journeys C.kindness D.satisfaction 4.It’s ____ for us to learn to help people in need. A.necessary B.broken C.difficult D.excited 5.You can ____ up for the charity project on the notice board. A.sign B.put C.cheer D.run 6.My uncle will ____ the old house after the heavy rain. A.rebuild B.carry C.imagine D.understand 7.—Do you get great ____ from voluntary work?—Yes, helping others brings me lots of joy. A.satisfaction B.difficulty C.excitement D.kindness 8.She ____ her mother in warm-hearted personality. A.takes after B.looks for C.cares for D.looks after 9.We have to ____ the volunteer activity because of bad weather. A.put off B.cheer up C.give away D.come up with 10.Please ____ these old toys away to kids in poor areas. A.give B.fix C.run D.spare 11.I have ____ money, so I can’t buy new wheelchairs. A.run out of B.given away C.fixed up D.put off 12.The nurse is very ____ with every sick patient. A.patient B.necessary C.strong D.broken 13.He has great ____ in finishing the hard volunteer task alone. A.difficulty B.kindness C.journey D.satisfaction 14.____ your kindness and donations, more homeless people have warm houses. A.Thanks to B.Thanks for C.Because D.If 15.We need to ____ a good plan to cheer up sick kids in hospital. A.come up with B.run out of C.fix up D.take after 16.Can you ____ the broken wheel of my wheelchair? A.fix up B.give out C.put up D.clean up 17.I can’t ____ life without the help from warm-hearted volunteers. A.imagine B.carry C.repair D.offer 18.The long ____ to the village makes him tired but happy. A.journey B.feeling C.kindness D.donation 二.选词填空（选择符合题意的单词的正确形式填空） spare, offer, donation, necessary, sign, rebuild, satisfaction, kindness, disabled, cheer up 1.It is __________ for every student to learn to show ________ to people around. 2.He ____________ his weekends to visit the ____________ in the nursing home. 3.Many people make ________ to help ____________ the broken houses after the disaster. 4.You can ____________ up for the volunteer group and ____________ to cheer up lonely kids. 5.She gets strong ____________ when she helps others out of trouble. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $