选修3 Unit 6 Nature in words（课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 6，覆盖词汇语境运用、句型结构分析、阅读理解清障、写作增分等核心考点，严格对接高考评价体系，通过近三年真题（如2024新课标Ⅰ卷、浙江1月卷）统计，明确“词汇派生”“熟词生义”“not...but...句型”等高频考点权重，归纳阅读理解细节题、完形填空语境题等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题实战+素养融合”策略，如以2024新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空为例，解析“launch”的被动语态用法，培养语言能力；读后续写中“说”的多样化表达训练（如whisper、murmur）提升思维品质。特设“易错陷阱警示”（如insist的两种从句用法）和“答题模板库”，助力学生掌握得分技巧，教师可据此精准定位学情，实现高效复习冲刺。

高三一轮复习讲义 外研版 选择性必修　第三册 Unit 6　Nature in words 03 核心知识巩固 02 探究必备知识 语基自主学习 01 内容索引 05 单元测评 04 提升关键能力 06 阶段测评 语基自主学习 返回 1．shaving n.　　　　　　　 刮胡子 2．flush v. (使)发红 3．plum n. 李子；梅子 4．dispose v. 排列，布置 5．sparkle n. 闪耀，闪光 6．redden v. (使)变红 7．glare n. 刺眼的强光 8．flake n. 小薄片 9．weathercock n. (公鸡形)风标 注： 表示熟词生义； 表示反义词 Ⅰ.阅读单词 10．alabaster n. 雪花石膏 11．goose n. 鹅 12．bleak adj. 阴冷的；阴郁的 13．orchard n. 果园 14．cluster n. 串，丛，簇 15．tinge v. 着淡色于…… 16．wagon n. 四轮运货车 17．reap v. 收割(庄稼) 18．moribund adj. 垂死的，奄奄一息的 19．throb v. 生机勃勃；热闹 20．robin n. 知更鸟 21．catbird n. 猫鹊 22．dove n. 鸽子 23．jay n. 松鸦 24．wren n. 鹪鹩(一种褐色小鸟) 25．marsh n. 沼泽，湿地 26．knowingly adv. 故意地 27．gypsy moth 舞毒蛾 28．posthumous adj. 死后获得的 29．marine adj. 海洋的 30．wheat n. 小麦 31．chorus n. 合唱曲 32．faintly adv. 微弱地；模糊地 33．prospect n. 预期，展望； 开阔的景观，景色 34．enhance v. 改进；增强 35．bloom v. 开花 1．weekly adj. 一周一次的，每周的 2．bend v. 变弯曲 3．church n. 教堂 4．rhyme n. 儿歌，童谣 5．feather n. 羽毛 6．fade v. 逐渐消失；褪色 7．pile v. 堆放，摞起 8．gentle adj. 轻柔的；温和的 9．sweep v. 吹过，掠过 10．ban v. 禁止，取缔 Ⅱ.核心单词 11．backyard n. 后院 12．tremble v. 颤抖，发抖 13．fable n. 寓言 14．alert v. 提醒，使(某人)意识到 15．dozen 一打；许多 16．precise adj. 精确的；一丝不苟的 17．launch n. 推出，发起 18．reputation n. 名誉，名望 19．diamond n. 钻石 1．insist v．坚称，坚决认为 →insistence n．坚持；坚决要求 →insistent adj.坚持的 2．puzzle v．迷惑；使困惑 →puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的 →puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的 →puzzlement n．迷茫；困惑 3．inspect v．检查；审视；视察 →inspector n．检查员，巡视员 →inspection n．视察；检查 Ⅲ.拓展单词 4．know v．知道；知悉；了解；认识到 → knowing adj.会意的；心照不宣的；知情的 → knowingly adv.故意地 →known adj.知名的；已知的 5．charm n．魅力，魔力 →charming adj.令人着迷的；迷人的；吸引人的 6．thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的 →thoroughly adv.彻底；极其 →thoroughness n．彻底；完全 7．elegance n．优美；简洁 →elegant adj.优美的；文雅的；优雅的 →elegantly adv.优美地；高雅地 8．secrecy n．保密，秘密状态 →secret adj.秘密的；隐秘的 n．秘密；秘诀 →secretly adv.秘密地 9．passion n．激情 →passionate adj.具有强烈信念的 →passionately adv.充满热情地；激动地 10．innocent adj.天真无邪的 →innocence n．无邪；天真 →innocently adv.天真无邪地 构词法：否定前缀im­，il­，ir­，in­表示“不，非”。多用于形容词前表示否定。 ①possible可能的→impossible不可能的　polite礼貌的→impolite不礼貌的　moral道德的→immoral不道德的 ②legal合法的→illegal不合法的　logical逻辑的→illogical不合逻辑的 ③regular规则的→irregular不规则的 ④correct正确的→incorrect不正确的　accurate准确的→inaccurate不准确的 1．break out 爆发 2．talk away 喋喋不休，不断地谈 3．come round 拜访；发生；苏醒 4．alert sb to sth 使某人注意/意识到某事物 5．cause harm to 对……造成危害 6．urge sb to do sth 督促某人做某事 7．become a target for 成为……的目标 8．stand by 坚持，信守(原有的决定、承诺或宣言)；支持；袖手旁观 9．at the risk of 冒着……的危险 10．early on 早先，在初期，在开始阶段 11．dozens of 几十个 12．rather than 而不是 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．Then the sun came out，and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.(by the time引导时间状语从句) 接着太阳出来了，等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。 2．This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments，strong though they are，but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.(not...but...) 这并非仅仅因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，还因为她优美和高雅的文笔(让读者喜欢)。 Ⅴ.经典句型 探究必备知识 返回 insist v．(教材义)坚称，坚决认为；(补充义)v．坚持要求 先练透 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was overwhelmed by his kindness and ________ (insist) on paying him later. ②The group leader ___________________________________________ (坚持要求所有成员出席)at the study meeting. ③(读后续写之人物描写)我妹妹坚持要把视频发到网上，所以我只好让步了。 My sister ________________________________________________________ ______________，so I had to give in to her. 1 insisted insisted that all members(should)be present insisted on posting the video online/insisted that the video should be posted online (1)insist on/upon(doing)sth坚持(做)某事 (2)insist that 从句，从句用陈述语气，表示“坚持说/认为……” (3)insist(that)sb/sth(should)do，从句用should do形式，should可以省略，表示“坚持主张；坚决要求” 再归纳 ban(教材义)v.禁止，取缔；(补充义)n.禁止 v．把(某人)逐出某地 先练透 ① _______ (ban)students from bringing electronic devices to school may reduce distractions. ② ______ (ban)from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back. ③(读后续写之人物描写)他被禁止驾驶六个月，这使我们很震惊。 It came as a great shock to us that he ________________________________． 2 Banning Banned was banned from driving for six months (1)a ban on(doing)sth　　 对(做)某事的禁令 (2)ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 再归纳 句型公式：not...but...不是……而是…… 先练透 ①What we need in the study is _____________________________________ (不是大量的参考书)but the ability to think independently. ②The teacher doesn't scold the students ______________________________ ______________________(而是鼓励他们勇敢地面对困难). ③(中国元素)中国武术不是关于暴力，而是关于追求内心的平和和精神的发展。 Chinese martial arts are ___________________________________________ inner peace and spiritual development. 3 not a large number of reference books but encourages them to face the difficulties bravely not about violence，but about the pursuit of ④(读后续写之人物性格描写)他不是旁观者，而是社区的积极参与者，总是准备伸出援手。 He _____________________________________________ in the community，always ready to lend a helping hand. is not a bystander，but an active participant (1)not...but...可连接并列的主语、宾语、谓语、表语等。连接并列主语时，谓语的数与靠近它的主语一致。 (2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：neither...nor...既不……也不……；either...or...或者/要么……或者/要么……；not only...but(also)...不但……而且……。 再归纳 核心知识巩固 返回 维度一　词汇语境运用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)The tip that comes up most often is simple：build online courses into your ______ (week)schedule，just like what you would do with in­person courses. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program ____________(launch)last March. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“We are __________ (passion)about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 4．In spite of the court hearing testimonials of her ability as a doctor，she __________(ban)from medicine. weekly was launched passionate was banned 5．The more regularly they can ____________ (inspect)，the more railway safety，reliability and on­time performance will be improved. 6．In its rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney _____ (sweep)aside much of its past，including many of its finest buildings. be inspected swept Ⅱ.语篇语境填空 Known as an 1._________(inspect)，Mike insisted that he 2.__________ (make)a weekly examination on the production procedure of the factory carefully.One morning，he got up，washed，shaved and then he went out to work.Suddenly，there was something on the ground so he 3.____(bend)down and found some 4.________(feather)of goose.In the distance，he heard the rhyme being sung from the church.What a prospect！He sighed and continued his way to his company.There he saw some cleaners 5.________(sweep)the ground 6.__________(thorough)and several workers were busy unloading some piles of wheat from the wagon.He was 7._______(puzzle)；therefore，he questioned them what they were doing in a gentle voice. inspector (should)make bent feathers sweeping thoroughly puzzled The workers answered in a 8._________(tremble)voice that they did nothing wrong.However，Mike was alert to that and he found dozens 9.__ faults in what they had said.He thought it his duty to protect the reputation of the company and avoid any mistakes 10.____ would happen. trembling of that 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义/一词多义 (写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)While gendering a product may be good marketing，it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. __________________ 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. ______________________________ 3．He was innocent of the details surrounding the incident. ________________________ v．给……赋予性别 n．(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯，弯道 adj.不熟悉，不涉及某事的 4．The manager has decided to hold a party to celebrate the successful launch of the new magazine. ___________ 5．The chef prepared a thorough meal with attention to every detail. ____________________ n．上市 adj.精心准备的 Ⅱ.构词训练 (写出下列黑体词的构词方法和词义) 构词 规则 ①post­前缀表示“在……之后”，用于表示时间或顺序上的先后关系，表明某事物发生在另一个事物之后。 ②表示“邮政；邮件”，描述和邮政系统、邮件相关的概念。 1．They decided to postpone the meeting until next week. ____­______________­______________­______________________ 2．The country experienced rapid economic growth in the postwar years. ____­______________­______________­______________________ 3．I sent a postcard to my friend from Paris. ____­______________­______________­______________________ post­在……之后＋pone放置→postpone v．推迟 post­在……之后＋war n．战争→postwar adj.战后的 post­邮政＋card n．卡片→postcard n．明信片 提升关键能力 返回 Part 1.应用文增分练 请结合本单元话题，用单元词汇句型完成下面的应用文写作，并背诵。 【情境呈现】 (2025·安徽省“江南十校”高三联考)假定你是李华，近期你校推出了宣传学校的系列文创作品，你打算赠送一件给你的英国朋友Jack。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.说明写信目的；2.介绍此文创作品及其意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 参考词汇：文创作品creative cultural works Dear Jack， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【布局谋篇】 首段 开篇提及 文创作品 Dear Jack， Haven't seen you for ages! I am glad to know you are keen on collecting creative cultural works popular in China.Now I am writing to introduce the item I intend to mail to you. 中段 具体介绍 礼物细节 　　Our school recently ① _____________________________________________ __________(推出文创作品以增强自身的魅力).The one I'll send you is a key­chain with our school logo.②__________________________________ _____________ (它柔和的设计展现出校园的优雅特质).Take a closer look，and you will notice how delicate it is with many details added，such as the shining decorations. 末段 表达 期望 　　I'm passionate about this gift.I insist it can let you know our school's prospect thoroughly.Hope you like it! Yours， Li Hua launched creative cultural works to enhance its charm Its gentle design shows the elegance of our campus 【多元表达】 试用非谓语动词结构或者形容词短语作状语的结构合并两个句子：I am glad to know you are keen on collecting creative cultural works popular in China.Now I am writing to introduce the item I intend to mail to you. ③____________________________ collecting creative cultural works popular in China，I am now writing to introduce the item I intend to mail to you.(形容词短语作状语) ④_______________________ collecting creative cultural works popular in China，I am now writing to introduce the item I intend to mail to you.(非谓语动词短语作状语) Glad to know you are keen on Knowing you are keen on Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　语言描写之“说”(二) 【语言素材】 高低 ①whisper　 小声说；　　 ②murmur　 喃喃地说；　　　 ③mutter　 轻声低语；咕哝地抱怨； ④sigh 叹息道； ⑤cry 喊； ⑥shout 大叫； ⑦scream 尖叫； ⑧roar 大声说，吼叫； ⑨thunder 怒喝道； ⑩declare 果断地说； ⑪stammer/stutter 结结巴巴地说； ⑫cheer 欢呼 问答 ①ask　　　　问道；　　②question　　 询问道；　　 ③demand　　 查问道； ④answer/reply/respond 回答道； ⑤assure 保证道 始、终 ①begin　　 开始说；　 ②continue/go on　　　继续说；　　 ③interrupt 插嘴说； ④repeat 重复道； ⑤add 补充说； ⑥end/finish/conclude 最后说 告诉 ①tell　　　告诉；　　②remind　　提醒道；　　 ③explain　 解释道； ④warn 警告道； ⑤admit 承认说； ⑥encourage 鼓励道 哭/笑道 ①smile　　微笑着说； ②beam　　满面笑容地说；　　 ③laugh　　哈哈大笑着说； ④joke 开玩笑道； ⑤sob 抽噎着说； ⑥weep 哭着说 【靓句表达】 1．He sat on the bench, staring at the old photo in his hand, and murmured, “Where did all the time go？” 他坐在长椅上，盯着手里的旧照片，喃喃自语：“时间都去哪儿了？” 2．When the final goal was scored, the fans jumped to their feet and roared, “We won! We won！” Some waved flags, others hugged each other, and the stadium shook with their cheers. 当最后一粒进球得分时，球迷们跳起来欢呼：“我们赢了！我们赢了！” 有人挥舞旗帜，有人互相拥抱，体育场都被欢呼声震得嗡嗡响。 3．“I have to help my grandma move to her new apartment，” he added, looking a little disappointed. “我得帮奶奶搬去新公寓，” 他补充道，表情有些失落。 4．When she saw her favorite singer walk onto the stage, she jumped up from her seat and shouted, “I love you! You're the best！” 当她看到自己最喜欢的歌手走上舞台时，立刻从座位上跳了起来，大喊道：“我爱你！你最棒了！” 续写语料运用　用表“说”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“亲情”——父子之间谈话时的“说” 　　①___________(我小声说), “I'm so sorry I disappointed you, Dad.” He gave me a gentle pat on the shoulder, ②_______ (微笑着说), “You could never disappoint me.Sometimes these things just happen.All that matters is that you did your best.” Looking up, I saw my dad's eyes, in which I saw the sweat, the time, and the work we had put into our dream.The miles we had run together for this race flashed across my mind.“But we worked so hard.What about our dream？” ③_________________________ (我声音哽咽地问道).In that second, the world stood still.He reached over for my hand, holding back his own tears, and ④______ (叹息着说), “Don't you know that you are my dream come true？” I whispered smiling I asked in a choked voice sighed 单元测评36　Unit 6　Nature in words 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共7个小题，每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A “A bird's experience is far richer, more complex and thoughtful than I'd imagined.”It is a sentence on the first page of David Allen Sibley's new book What It's Like to Be a Bird. Sibley is a top bird expert.When he did research for this book, though, he became convinced of something he had not previously anticipated：Birds routinely make complex decisions and experience emotions. He notes that songbirds use reasoning to figure out which seeds offer the best return for their effort.It won't automatically be the biggest seed around, because if a small seed had high fat content and a lot of energy, it could be the best choice.They may decide to eat later in the day when they spot enemies nearby, thus keeping at flight­ready status in case they are attacked. Occasionally, Sibley presents birds' ways that seem to me unpleasant.He describes goose feather as the perfect material sought after for jackets and sleeping bags and reports that globally the most common bird is the chicken，“about 500 million egg­layers and the rest being raised for meat.”Why not devote a line or two to calling out cruelty in these industries? Of course, he does not shy away from other scientific reminders, saying that it's a bad idea to rescue most baby birds, who don't actually need our help.He also asks readers to resist the desire of adopting baby birds observed on the ground.“They are wild animals and can't learn life skills from human parents，” he warns. Sibley's main aim is to draw attention to the varied North American birds we may encounter in our backyards and nearby parks.He recommends an engaged approach to bird­watching：“You will learn faster if you can be an active observer—draw pictures, take notes, write poetry, or take photos.All of these things make you look a little more carefully and a little longer.” Reading every page of the book, I am amazed by the beauty of birds it describes so beautifully. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文书评。作者在文中对David Allen Sibley关于鸟类的新书做出了非常精彩的评价。 1．When Sibley did research for his new book, he was surprised by _______． A．humans' reliance on animals for survival B．the cruelty of food chain among animals C．birds' intelligence and complex feelings D．the varieties of birds in our neighborhoods 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When he did research for this book, though, he became convinced of something he had not previously anticipated：Birds routinely make complex decisions and experience emotions.”可知，让David Allen Sibley感到吃惊的是鸟的智慧和复杂的感情，故选C。 √ 2．What can we learn about songbirds from paragraph 3? A．They usually prefer the biggest seeds. B．They consume a lot of energy each day. C．They are unwilling to delay eating their food. D．They are good at making balanced decisions. 推理判断题。根据第三段“It won't automatically be the biggest seed around...thus keeping at flight­ready status in case they are attacked.”可知，songbirds不会自动选择最大的种子，而是根据能量回报选择，并可能推迟进食以应对威胁，由此推知songbirds做决定时，很会审时度势，故选D。 √ 3．How does the author feel about Sibley's description about chickens? A．Unsatisfied. B．Scientific. C．Romantic. D．Funny. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Why not devote a line or two to calling out cruelty in these industries？”可知，作者对书中有关鸡的描述并不满意：只是把它们当作食物和原料来对待，这有点残酷，故选A。 √ B Unlike some of Spain's tourist hotspots, where tensions between locals and tourists have risen over the summer，the Cies Islands present a rare success story.A simple but effective limit on daily visitor numbers has greatly reduced the pressure on the environment and created a more pleasant experience for visitors. Before boarding the ferryboat to the islands，visitors must first secure a QR code from the Galician regional government and pay 625 for the round­trip fare.“It was chaos before the limit，”says José Bouzas，the director of the park.“There were just too many people.Now，not only do they understand the need for this limit，but they also appreciate it.It allows visitors to enjoy their time here without impacting the ecosystem.” Spain's overtourism problems aren't limited to its most famous cities.Mass tourism has become a flashpoint for local annoyances.Protests erupted in multiple locations this year against the unchecked growth that affects local life.While tourism is often blamed for broader social issues, some experts argue that it's only part of the problem.Linda Osti，a senior tourism lecturer at Bangor University，suggests that protests in cities like Barcelona expose a deeper disconnect between local authorities and residents.“Local governments should talk more about their intentions with their communities，”Osti says.“It's not just about tourism，but about economic planning.If local people had better housing and employment conditions，tourism wouldn't be such a flashpoint.” As visitors sail to the Cies Islands，they witness a rare and beautiful balance between nature and tourism.It's a place where nature lovers and eco­conscious travellers can enjoy a break from the crowds that overwhelm other parts of Spain.But this careful balance wasn't achieved overnight.It required local authorities to take tough decisions，like the limit on visitors, and to stick with them，even as tourism grew elsewhere.For José Bouzas, the lesson is clear：“If you don't conserve these islands，there's no point.You'd end up killing the goose that lays the golden egg.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了西班牙谢斯群岛在旅游业方面的成功经验。 4．What's the secret of the Cies Islands' success in tourism? A．Limiting tourist numbers. B．Building more facilities. C．Practising green tourism. D．Providing quality service. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A simple but effective limit on daily visitor numbers has greatly reduced the pressure on the environment and created a more pleasant experience for visitors.”可知，谢斯群岛成功的关键在于限制游客数量。故选A。 √ 5．What is a requirement for tourists to visit the Cies Islands? A．Taking a local ferryboat. B．Buying travel insurance. C．Getting an official QR code. D．Passing security checks. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Before boarding the ferryboat to the islands, visitors must first secure a QR code from the Galician regional government and pay 625 for the round­trip fare.”可知，游客参观谢斯群岛的一个必要条件是获得官方二维码。故选C。 √ 6．What should the government do according to Linda Osti? A．Communicate with tourists. B．Promote community interactions. C．Develop the mass­tourism industry. D．Improve housing and employment conditions. 推理判断题。根据第四段中Linda Osti 说 的 话“Local governments should talk more about their intentions with their communities”和“It's not just about tourism，but about economic planning.If local people had better housing and employment conditions, tourism wouldn't be such a flashpoint.”可推断，Linda Osti认为政府应当改善住房条件和就业状况。故选D。 √ 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Tourism benefits both tourists and local people. B．The local authority will continue the tourism policy. C．The ecosystem on the Cies Islands needs improving. D．Travellers will visit the Cies Islands in large crowds. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But this careful balance wasn't achieved overnight...For José Bouzas，the lesson is clear：‘If you don't conserve these islands，there's no point.You'd end up killing the goose that lays the golden egg.’”可知，这种谨慎的平衡并非一蹴而就，虽然限制游客数量短期内会影响收入，但从长远来看是有好处的。由此可推断，地方当局将继续执行现有的旅游政策，以保护自然环境。故选B。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) My Irish setter, Henry, had been trained to be a show dog.But I 1 his uniqueness right away—while other champion dogs enjoyed holding their heads high in the spotlight, Henry would stay with children offstage.He tilted(使倾斜)his head, brown eyes 2 their minor facial expressions.Because of his 3 nature and welcoming presence, I decided to retrain him to be a therapy dog. His job was to 4 elementary school classes and listen to students read to him.He gave 5 attention to the readers and never corrected or laughed at them when they stuttered(结结巴巴地说话).After reading, students got to put a 6 on Henry's nose, which he'd flip(轻抛)up and catch in his mouth. One day, a special education student 7 us in class.Henry lay on the floor against the boy's shaking knees as he worked with great 8 to read his picture book.Words 9 in his throat.Henry licked his hands, and the boy tried again，“Cat...in...the...”Then a cool 10 pushed the page with a picture of a hat.“HAT！”the boy shouted.Now they had a game：Henry smelt the book, and the boy read three words.As soon as they finished, the teacher whispered，“That was amazing！”Thinking she 11 Henry, I replied，“Yes, he's quite a dog.”“No，”she said，“that is the first time this student has ever read 12 ！” It was just one of the many times I saw the value of the tiny 13 that Henry could create.Over 200 school visits, Henry was rewarded with more than 600 biscuits and 14 silent fears into brave voices.Children 15 picture books, and classrooms changed posters, but my red­furred listener remained constant.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱尔兰雪达犬 Henry 帮助小学生克服阅读恐惧的故事，展现了人与动物之间的和谐关系。 1．A．changed B．rejected C．improved D．recognized 根据下文“his uniqueness right away—while other champion dogs...Henry would stay with children offstage”可知，此处指“我”马上就意识到了Henry的独特性。故选D。 √ 2．A．tracking B．terrifying C．causing D．avoiding 根据上文“He tilted(使倾斜) his head”及下文“their minor facial expressions”可知，此处指Henry追踪孩子们的细微表情。故选A。 √ 3．A．graceful B．insightful C．amusing D．dominant 根据上文“He tilted(使倾斜) his head, brown eyes ____ their minor facial expressions”可知，此处指Henry富有洞察力的天性。故选B。 √ 4．A．visit B．design C．interrupt D．instruct 根据下文“elementary school classes and listen to students read to him”和“Over 200 school visits”可知，此处指Henry的工作是拜访小学课堂，听学生们给它读书。故选A。 √ 5．A．unwanted B．uncomfortable C．undivided D．unusual 根据下文“never corrected or laughed at them when they stuttered(结结巴巴地说话)”和语境可知，此处指Henry专注地听读者说话。故选C。 √ 6．A．page B．treat C．coin D．hand 根据下文“which he'd flip(轻抛) up and catch in his mouth”和“Henry was rewarded with more than 600 biscuits”可知，此处指学生们会在Henry的鼻子上放一个美食。故选B。 √ 7．A．witnessed B．led C．joined D．invited 根据下文“us in class”和“read his picture book”可知，此处指一个特殊教育的学生加入了课堂。故选C。 √ 8．A．effort B．respect C．risk D．speed 根据下文“Henry licked his hands, and the boy tried again，‘Cat...in...the...’”可知，此处指这个学生在努力地读。故选A。 √ 9．A．turned up B．got stuck C．spread out D．came true 根据下文可知，这个学生读的时候结结巴巴的，所以此处指话语卡在他的喉咙里。故选B。 √ 10．A．wind B．teacher C．finger D．nose 根据下文“Now they had a game：Henry smelt the book，and the boy read three words.”可知，此处指Henry用鼻子推书。故选D。 √ 11．A．encouraged B．ordered C．compared D．meant 根据下文“I replied，‘Yes, he's quite a dog.’”可知，此处指作者以为老师指的是Henry。故选D。 √ 12．A．smoothly B．regularly C．carefully D．silently 上文描述了这个学生刚开始结结巴巴地读的场景，再根据上文“That was amazing！”和“that is the first time this student has ever read”可知，此处指这个学生第一次流畅地读。故选A。 √ 13．A．memories B．miracles C．sounds D．opportunities 根据上文“that is the first time this student has ever read”和下文“that Henry could create”可知，此处指Henry所能创造的奇迹之一。故选B。 √ 14．A．persuaded B．broke C．brought D．transformed 根据下文“silent fears into brave voices”和语境可知，此处指Henry把沉默的恐惧变成了勇敢的声音。transform...into...把……转变为……。故选D。 √ 15．A．overlooked B．downloaded C．outgrew D．undertook 根据下文“picture books, and classrooms changed posters”及常识可知，孩子们长大了，不再看图画书。故选C。 √ 阶段测评(六) 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共15个小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour Running：February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price) Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request Duration(时长)：2 hours Price：$ 90 Back to the Fifties Tour Running：August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods，the 1950s！Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream. Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pm Duration：2 hours Price：$ 90 Spooky Halloween Tour Running：October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pm Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes Price：Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour Running：December 6th through December 23rd This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit. Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pm Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。 1．Which of the tours is available in March? A．San Francisco Winery Tour. B．Back to the Fifties Tour. C．Spooky Halloween Tour. D．Holiday Lights Tour. 细节理解题。根据第一个标题San Francisco Winery Tour下的“February 1st through April 30th”可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要选择San Francisco Winery Tour，故选A项。 √ 2．What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour? A．Go to Treasure Island. B．Enjoy the holiday scenes. C．Have free ice cream. D．Visit the Presidio district. 细节理解题。根据第二个标题Back to the Fifties Tour下的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在领略历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃，故选C项。 √ 3．What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour? A．Take some drinks. B．Set off early in the morning. C．Wear warm clothes. D．Make reservations in advance. 细节理解题。根据最后一个标题Holiday Lights Tour下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想参加这条路线，游客要提前预订，故选D项。 √ B Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30，000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow­covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path，killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon，the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today，people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了加拿大城市道森的历史、发展与现状。 4．What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A．Its business culture. B．Its small population. C．Its geographical position. D．Its favourable climate. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.”可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C项正确。 √ 5．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A．Two­thirds of them stayed there. B．One out of five people got rich. C．Almost everyone gave up. D．Half of them died. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.”可知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4 000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人(one out of five people)变得富有了，故答案为B。 √ 6．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A．They found the city too crowded. B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C．They were unable to stand the winter. D．They were short of food. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But soon...and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。B项正确。 √ 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The rise and fall of a city. B．The gold rush in Canada. C．Journeys into the wilderness. D．Tourism in Dawson. 主旨大意题。本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。 √ C Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating.But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad.Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dublin and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day.Their work suggests that when we can't recall an old phone number or a high school teacher's name, those details are not necessarily lost. As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning.He also discussed how dementia(痴呆)may ultimately affect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. You study an idea that some people may find counter­intuitive(违反常理的)：forgetting can be part of learning.How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brainpower or a limitation.Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating.But we also experience “everyday forgetting”as we go about our lives because there's just so much going on.We're expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society.Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you'll never need again for school exams.Others are not so arbitrary but quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build up to become a practicing doctor. Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug.A growing body of research on neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting.So forgetting comes in many forms? There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct.We may use the word amnesia(健 忘 症)for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial.Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了对“遗忘”这一现象的新理解和研究。 8．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By defining a concept. B．By presenting a study result. C．By making a comparison. D．By giving an example. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge.”和第二段内容可知，作者先陈述研究结果，之后再讲述研究的具体内容，即作者通过展示研究结果引出这篇文章的主题。故选B。 √ 9．What does the author agree in the passage? A．Dementia mainly results in lost memories. B．Forgetting means imperfection of the brain. C．It's terrible that the best friend's name escapes me. D．The knowledge you need to be a teacher is not arbitrary. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Others are not so arbitrary but quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build up to become a practicing doctor.”可知，成为执业医师而积累的知识不是随意的，由此可推知成为一名教师所需的知识也不是随意的。故选D。 √ 10．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A．Scientists think forgetting limits our life. B．Neuroscientists are researching the adaptive role of forgetting. C．People would agree that amnesia is harmful in most conditions. D．Amnesia definitely makes it challenging to recollect memories. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A growing body of research on neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting.”可知，神经科学家正在研究遗忘的适应性作用。故选B。 √ 11．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the reasons of forgetting. B．To present the process of forgetting. C．To emphasize the benefits of forgetting. D．To clarify the misunderstanding of forgetting. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad.Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge.”和倒数第二段中的“Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug.”可知，人们对遗忘现象存在误解。遗忘是大脑的特征而不是缺陷，作者写这篇文章的目的是澄清这一误解。故选D。 √ D Until now it has been impossible to peer into the human mind, but new biometric(生物计量的)and machine learning tools are changing this. Assuming people approve of these technologies monitoring them, researchers can collect real­time facial analyses and eye­movement data using webcams, and therefore recognize subconscious facial expressions when people are engaged with different urban scenes. Our research group at Tufts University has conducted a number of facial analyses and eye­tracking studies, using iMotions—Online AFFDEX facial coding software to track 51 participants' real­time visual attention and facial expressions in response to images and videos of Memorial Drive in Cambridge.We captured similar images of the same stretch of road with and without cars and compared our participants' emotional reactions to both types of images.The system records a person's eye movements and facial expressions with a camera.Then the software uses an algorithm (算法) to score whether a participant displayed positive, negative or neutral emotions during each millisecond of the study based on subtle movements in their facial muscles. In its results, although our participants expressed neutral emotions in response to the images 85 percent of the time, participants spent on average 0.4 percent more time expressing positive emotions in response to vehicle­less images and videos.While seemingly a small difference, any measurable effect from a still image can signal something worth considering.And after several follow­up researches, we did find that cars absorb people naturally, whereas people's emotional responses are more negative while looking at them. Scientists and urban planners globally are beginning to polish biometric tools to understand these kinds of behavioral responses to urban and architectural elements.Natural elements like trees are less foreign to our brain than car­related infrastructure like traffic lights, and accord better with our in­born preferences.Furthermore, natural design elements make it easier for humans to relax and enjoy their surroundings as they reflect the natural surroundings of our environment.Car­free spaces are important in community building.Some studies have taken these biometric tools out of the lab, but more work is still needed to test these human behavioral responses in real­world conditions. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新的生物计量和机器学习工具可以研究人们处于不同的城市场景时的潜意识的面部表情，以及全球科学家和城市规划者正在如何利用这些工具。 12．How did the researchers reach the conclusion? A．By making an assumption. B．By using webcams. C．By analyzing collected data. D．By using coding software. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Assuming people approve of these...urban scenes”可知，通过使用网络摄像头，研究人员能够搜集实时的面部分析和眼睛活动数据，这样的话就能识别人们处于不同城市场景时潜意识的面部表情。所以研究人员是通过分析搜集到的数据得到结论的。C项中的“collected data”和文中的“collect real­time facial analyses and eye­movement data”呼应。故选C。 √ 13．According to the research conducted by Tufts University，________ . A．a still image is worth more consideration B．images without vehicles could thrill participants C．most participants were neutral about the research D．images with vehicles might well capture participants 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“after several follow­up researches, we did find that cars absorb people naturally”可知，在接下来的几个研究之后，我们确实发现汽车会自然地吸引人们的注意力。D项中的capture 和文中的 absorb是同义表达。故选D。 √ 14．What can be inferred from this passage? A．Biometric tools can improve people's emotional states. B．The research findings might help guide urban planning. C．Happiness and the number of cars are positively related. D．Human consciousness can be transformed by biometric tools. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientists and urban planners...to urban and architectural elements”可知，全球的科学家和城市规划者正开始改善生物计量工具，以理解对于城市和建筑因素做出的行为反应的类型。所以可推断，该研究结果也许能帮助指导城市规划。故选B。 √ 15．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Biometric tools help decode human perception. B．Biometrics suggests car­free cities in the future. C．Biometric tools make for a better environment. D．Biometrics promotes urban planning and building. 主旨大意题。第一段讲述了新的生物计量和机器学习工具可以帮助人们知道人类思维的一些情况；第二段介绍了一个研究小组进行的研究，包括研究过程和方法；第三段对研究结果进行了分析；第四段讲述了生物测量工具的其他用途；所以本文主要围绕生物测量工具帮助我们了解人类思维展开。故选A项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Have you ever travelled somewhere without noticing the route you took or the people and landmarks you passed? 1( ) A lot of us run around on autopilot, which means we do things without being aware that we're doing them, lost in our thoughts instead. Mindfulness is about training the mind to be in the present moment—to be more aware of what is happening now, rather than what has already happened or what might happen next.2( ) Mindfulness can be traced back to the religion of Buddhism but it's now practiced by people of all religions, as well as people who don't follow any religion. 3( ) Becoming more aware of the present can help us enjoy the world around us.It encourages us to appreciate things we might take for granted.According to the University of Oxford Mindfulness Research Centre, mindfulness can teach us to spot difficult emotions and thoughts and deal with them more easily.4( ) An important part of mindfulness is tuning in to the five senses—being aware of what you can see, hear, touch, smell and taste.You can try this throughout the day—for example, when going for a walk or eating your dinner.5( ) Mindfulness requires practice, and lots of people find that sitting quietly and focusing on their breathing helps. A．It is about observing our thoughts, feelings and surroundings. B．These are the only ways to help us stay focused on the present. C．Maybe you've swallowed your breakfast without noticing what it tastes like. D．Mindfulness can improve our concentration, relationships and mental health. E．We can choose to set aside our worries and concerns that aren't helpful to us. F．Despite these emotional benefits, mindfulness sometimes leads to physical harm. G．Activities that require you to use your hands can also help you become more mindful. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正念的含义、重要性及训练方法。 Have you ever travelled somewhere without noticing the route you took or the people and landmarks you passed? 1( ) A lot of us run around on autopilot, which means we do things without being aware that we're doing them, lost in our thoughts instead. 空后提到，有时我们在做事情时没有意识到自己正在做这些事情，而是迷失在了我们的思绪中。C项“也许你没有注意到早餐的味道，就已经把早餐吞下去了。”与上文“Have you ever travelled somewhere without noticing the route you took or the people and landmarks you passed？”一样，都是lost in our thoughts的表现。故选C。 C．Maybe you've swallowed your breakfast without noticing what it tastes like. Mindfulness is about training the mind to be in the present moment—to be more aware of what is happening now, rather than what has already happened or what might happen next.2( ) Mindfulness can be traced back to the religion of Buddhism but it's now practiced by people of all religions, as well as people who don't follow any religion. 空前是介绍正念是什么(是指训练大脑专注于当下——更多地意识到正在发生的事情，而不是已经发生的事情或接下来可能发生的事情)，因此空处应是接着介绍正念的概念。A项“它是关于观察我们的思想、感觉和环境的。”承接上文，符合语境；且 A项中的 It指的是上文中的Mindfulness。故选A。 A．It is about observing our thoughts, feelings and surroundings. 3( ) Becoming more aware of the present can help us enjoy the world around us.It encourages us to appreciate things we might take for granted. 通读本段内容可知，本段主要谈论了正念的重要意义。D项中的 concentration 与下文“Becoming more aware of the present can help us enjoy the world around us.”相呼应；relationships与下文“It encourages us to appreciate things we might take for granted.”相呼应；mental health 与下文中的“mindfulness can teach us to spot difficult emotions and thoughts and deal with them more easily”相呼应。故选D。 D．Mindfulness can improve our concentration, relationships and mental health. According to the University of Oxford Mindfulness Research Centre, mindfulness can teach us to spot difficult emotions and thoughts and deal with them more easily.4( ) 空前提到，正念可以教会我们去发现消极的情绪和想法，并且更容易地应对它们。E项“我们可以选择把对我们来说没有帮助的忧虑放在一边。”承接上文中的deal with them。故选E。 E．We can choose to set aside our worries and concerns that aren't helpful to us. An important part of mindfulness is tuning in to the five senses—being aware of what you can see, hear, touch, smell and taste.You can try this throughout the day—for example, when going for a walk or eating your dinner.5( ) Mindfulness requires practice, and lots of people find that sitting quietly and focusing on their breathing helps. 通读本段内容可知，本段谈论了正念的训练方法。G项“需要你动手的活动也可以帮助你变得更加专注。”符合语境。故选G。 G．Activities that require you to use your hands can also help you become more mindful. Ⅲ.语法填空(本题共10个小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1____，through agriculture.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 考查介词。live in是固定词组，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。 考查名词性从句。根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语。由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。 in what Farming produced more food per person 3______ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food 4____________(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. 考查比较结构。根据上文的more food可知，此处是more...than...结构，表示“比……多……”。故填than。 考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was needed。 than was needed By about 6，000 BC，people 5______________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals 6____________(raise). 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By about 6，000 BC可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had discovered。 考查非谓语动词。根据the best crops to grow and animals...可知，此处and连接并列结构，to grow修饰the best crops，所以要用不定式to raise修饰animals。故填to raise。 had discovered to raise Later，they learned to work with the 7________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，8____________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 考查名词的单复数。根据常识和语境可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼，故填seasons。 考查非谓语动词。结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。 seasons making This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with 9__________ rise of science，changes began. 考查冠词。根据空后的rise of science可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填定冠词the，表示特指。 the New methods 10____________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。 考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主谓关系，同时文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填meant。 meant 谢 谢 观 看 WELCOME UNIT $