选修2 Unit 6 Survival（课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival，依据高考评价体系覆盖词汇、语法、阅读、写作等核心考点，梳理高频单词38个、核心短语14个及经典句型2类，通过近三年高考真题分析明确词汇辨析（占30%）、长难句理解（占25%）等高频考点分布，归纳阅读七选五、语法填空等常考题型的答题逻辑。 课件亮点在于“词汇语境化+真题实战化+写作结构化”策略，如结合2024新课标Ⅰ卷、2025全国一卷真题训练“expose”“consist of”等核心词汇用法，通过“先练透再归纳”提升语言能力，读后续写“动作描写语料库”培养思维品质。特设“易错陷阱警示”和“写作模板库”，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准规划复习，实现高效备考。

高三一轮复习讲义 外研版 选择性必修　第二册 Unit 6　Survival 03 核心知识巩固 02 探究必备知识 语基自主学习 01 内容索引 05 单元测评 04 提升关键能力 06 阶段测评 语基自主学习 返回 1．chacma baboon　　　　 南非大狒，大狒狒 2．predator n. 掠食动物，捕食性动物 3．flourish v. 生长茂盛，兴盛 4．racoon n. 浣熊 5．lamb n. 羔羊肉 6．kebab n. 烤(肉)串 7．garlic n. (大)蒜 8．clay n. 黏土 9．cave n. 洞穴 注： 表示熟词生义； 表示反义词 Ⅰ.阅读单词 10．heat wave 酷热期，热浪期 11．supplement v. 补充，增补，增加 12．blaze n. 烈火，大火 13．fierce adj. 恶劣的，极端的 14．Mars n. 火星 15．hostile adj. (生长环境)恶劣的 16．stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 17．garbage n. 垃圾 18．migratory adj. 迁徙的 19．eliminate v. 消 除，根除 20．nuclear adj. 核武器的 21．capsule n. (航天器的)密封舱，太空舱 22．trunk n. 树干 1．fox n. 狐狸 2．seaside adj. 海滨的 3．suburb n. 郊区，城郊 4．commit v. 犯(错误或罪行) 5．urban adj. 城镇的，城市的 6．newcomer n. 新来者 7．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 8．hiker n. 徒步旅行者，远足者 9．kit n. 成套工具 10．indoors adv. 在室内 Ⅱ.核心单词 11．fuel n. 燃料 12．firefighter n. 消防队员 13．monthly adj. 每月一次的 14．wipe v. 擦，拭，揩 15．unmanned adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的 16．spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船 17．orbit v. 环绕……运行 18．astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人 1．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识 →appreciation n．欣赏；感激 →appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的 2．contain v．包含；容纳； 遏制，抑制(感情) →container n．容器 →contained adj. 泰然自若的；被控制的 3．consist v．组成 →consistent adj.始终如一的；一贯的 →consistency n．一致性，连贯性 Ⅲ.拓展单词 4．restrict v．限制，控制 →restriction n．限制，控制 5．terrify v．使恐惧；使惊吓 →terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的 →terrified adj.害怕的；恐惧的 6．consume v．消耗，消费 →consumption n．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量 →consumer n．消费者；顾客 7．expose v．使暴露(于险境) →exposure n．暴露，显露； 接触 →exposed adj.无遮蔽的； 无保护的，易受攻击的 8．stun v．使昏迷；使震惊 →stunning adj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 →stunned adj.目瞪口呆的 9．greed n．贪婪，贪心 →greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的 →greedily adv.贪婪地，贪心地 10．react v．(作出)反应 →reaction n．反应 11．estimate v．估计，估算 →estimation n．估计，估算 12．thief n．小偷，贼 →thieves(复数) →theft n．偷窃，盗窃 13．infer v．推定，推断 →(过去式/过去分词)inferred →(动词­ing形式)inferring →inference n．推断；结论 14．crime n．罪，罪行 →criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的 15．dust n．尘土，沙土 →dusty adj.布满灰尘的 16．optimism n．乐观；乐观主义 →optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 →optimist n．乐观的人 17．advance n．前进；发展 →advanced adj.高级的；先进的 18．agency n．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处 →agent n．代理人，代理商 构词法：名词后缀­ist 表示“某方面的专家，从事某职业的人”。 special特别的；专门的→specialist专家　novel小说→novelist小说家　art艺术→artist艺术家　tour旅游→tourist旅行者　science科学→scientist科学家　cycle骑车→cyclist骑自行车的人 1．fit in with 适应；与……一致 2．get a taste for 尝一尝；体验；感受 3．crash into 撞上 4．amount to 总计，接近 5．split up 分开 6．cope with 应付 7．bring...under control 使……处于控制之下 8．get rid of 摆脱，除去 9．wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭；抹去(旧事) 10．consist of 由……构成，由……组成 Ⅳ.重点短语 11．in one's way 挡某人的道，妨碍某人 12．out of reach 够不到 13．under construction 在建设之中 14．in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时 1．There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins...(that引导同位语从句) 有证据表明，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明…… 2．Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.(“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句) 只有那时，我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。 Ⅴ.经典句型 探究必备知识 返回 appreciate(教材义)v.欣赏；赏识；(补充义)v.理解；感激 先练透 ①We appreciate _____________ (participate)in this activity，which is meant to help build up our bodies. ②(2025·合肥市质检)It will not only enhance our English skills but also foster _________________________________(对阅读的更深层次的欣赏). ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)为了提升学生的艺术鉴赏力和创造力，美术老师带我们班去了附近的公园，让我们走进了大自然的怀抱。 ________________________________________________________，our art teacher took our class to a nearby park，moving us into the embrace of nature. 1 participating a deeper appreciation for reading To improve students' artistic appreciation and creativity ④(应用文写作之询问信)如果你告知我活动的相关细节，我将不胜感激。 I ______________________________________________ some details about the activity. would appreciate it if you could share with me (1)appreciate(doing)sth　 欣赏做某事；对某事感到欣赏或感激 (2)I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激。 (3)appreciate＋that/wh­从句 理解/意识到…… (4)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 再归纳 expose(教材义)v.使暴露(于险境)；(补充义)v.揭露；接触；显露(感情) 先练透 ①(2025·全国一卷)The players' personalities are revealed during the game，and one's weaknesses are exposed __ the opponent... ②They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies _______ (expose). ③(读后续写之神态描写)看到我们走近，她笑逐颜开，露出了漂亮的小白牙。 Seeing us approaching，she smiled joyfully，_________________________． ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)在户外上美术课给了我一个全新的视角。 It gave me a brand­new perspective __________________________________． 2 to exposed exposing nice little white teeth to be exposed to an art lesson outdoors (1)expose...to...　　 使……接触……；使……暴露于…… (be)exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (2)expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… (3)expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事 (4)exposure n. 暴露；接触 再归纳 consist of 由……构成，由……组成 先练透 ①(2025·八省联考卷)Their brainwaves also showed more __________ (consist) levels of activity，indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. ②The class meeting, __________(consist)of three parts，began with a touching video about a student being a volunteer in his community. ③(读后续写之主旨升华句)人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐在于奋斗。 Life mainly ________________________________ while happiness _________ ___________． 3 consistent consisting consists of happiness and sorrow consists in struggle (1)consist of...＝be made up of＝be composed of ＝be comprised of　　由……组成 (2)consist in＝lie in 在于；取决于 (3)consistent adj. 连续的，一致的 be consistent with... 和……一致；与……相符 再归纳 句型公式：no matter＋疑问词 先练透 ①(2025·辽宁名校联考)More importantly，acts of kindness, ______________ _____(不管多小)，can go a long way towards promoting a positive campus culture. ②(2025·湖北七市调研) __________________________________(不管多少时间过去了)，true friendship would never end. ③(读后续写之人物情感心理描写)不管他强颜欢笑多少次，潜在的悲伤总是存在，隐藏在他的灵魂深处。 ___________________________________ upon his face，the underlying sadness was always present，hidden in the depths of his soul. 4 no matter how small No matter how much time had passed No matter how many smiles he forced (1)“no matter＋疑问词”只引导让步状语从句；wherever，whenever，whatever，whoever，whichever，however既可以引导状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。 (2)no matter必须后跟“疑问词”才可以引导从句，一般不能单独使用。 再归纳 核心知识巩固 返回 维度一　词汇语境运用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2025·全国一卷) ...I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it _______(contain)a thesis. 2．(2025·浙江1月卷)Even the most engaged and _________ (commit)audience will eventually get bored. 3．(2024·全国甲卷)What can we _____ (inference)from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? 4．(2024·浙江1月卷)On September 7，1991，the costliest hailstorm(雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern _______ (suburb). contain committed infer suburbs 5．Very small drones with ________ (advance)sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co­pilot. 6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)At the end of the day all transit ________ (agency)right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. advanced agencies Ⅱ.语篇语境填空 In the 1980s，many crimes 1.______________(commit)，the thefts indoors happened from time to time，2.___ serious cases were terrifying.The border of urban and rural areas was an area with a high incidence of crime.People were 3.______(greed) for a stable life and hoped that the government would take measures 4._______(cope)with this situation.The government responded to the needs of the masses in time，sent a large number of police forces，and used 5.________(advance)equipment to fight against crimes. were committed and greedy to cope advanced In 6.___ meantime，many criminal gangs were wiped out and a large number of cases were exposed in the world，effectively 7._________(frustrate) those who had criminal intentions.Eventually，the crime rate was brought under control，the threat harmful to society almost eliminated.It was estimated 8.____ at least 100，000 criminals were punished.People 9._______ (react)strongly to it.The fact showed that it was crucial that the masses 10.________(active)participate in it. the frustrating that reacted actively 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义/一词多义 (写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2025·全国二卷)．..don't beat yourself up if one(or a few！) _________________ 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach，and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy. ___________ 3．(2022·浙江1月卷)Above all，I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. ___________________ 自责，苛责自己 v．刺激 adv.激烈地 4．The parents committed their child to the care of the school. ________________ 5．The ground should be even and hard，and there should be no unmarked holes or other dangers. ________________ v．委托，交付 adj.平坦的 Ⅱ.构词训练 (写出下列黑体词的构词方法和词义) 构词 规则 ①前缀re­表示“再；重新；重复”，用于动词前，强调动作的再次进行。 ②前缀re­表示“回；向后”，体现动作的方向是往回、向后。 ③前缀re­表示“反对；相对”，表示与某种行为、观点等相对立。 1.(2025·全国一卷)Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport，but it is hard to ignite(点燃)and requires an engine redesign. __­_______________________________________________________ 2．He will return to his hometown next week. __­____________________________________________________ 3．They tried to resist the enemy's attack. __­_____________________________________________________________ re­重新＋design n．设计→redesign n．重新设计规划 re­回，往回＋turn转向→return v．返回 re­相反，相对＋sist站立→resist v．相对而立，引申为抵抗，反抗 提升关键能力 返回 Part 1.应用文增分练 请结合本单元话题，用单元词汇句型完成下面的应用文写作，并背诵。 【情境呈现】 假定你是李华，上周你们城市发生了地震，请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： (1)简单介绍地震发生时的情况；(2)采取的措施；(3)表达期待。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 An Earthquake Hit ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【布局谋篇】 首段 开篇点题 发生地震 An Earthquake Hit A fierce earthquake unexpectedly struck my city last week when I was walking in the suburb. 中段 详述过程 　　Fortunately，it happened in the day time，so lots of people were outdoors and many people who were indoors could also react quickly.Thankfully，our government ①___________________________ _________________________________(立即努力找出关键的解决方案).In the meanwhile，firefighters，police and the army all coped with it quickly.②_________________________________________________ ____________(不久，他们就把一切都控制住了). 末段 表达期望 　　I believe that the present situation will soon become better. made efforts to figure out the crucial solution immediately Before long，they brought everything under control 【多元表达】 试用there be句型以及复合句改写本句：A fierce earthquake unexpectedly struck my city last week when I was walking in the suburb. ③______________________________________________________________ when I was walking in the suburb. There was a fierce earthquake that unexpectedly struck my city last week Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　动作描写“看”(二) 【语言素材】 瞥见/ 瞟见 ①glance at/around/back/up/down　 瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看； ②take/cast a glance at ... 向……瞥一眼； ③catch a glimpse of 瞥见； ④see sth out of the corner of one's eye 用眼角余光一瞟； ⑤cast a sideways look at 斜瞟了一眼 偷看 ①peek　　　　 偷看；窥视； ②peep at/through　　偷看； ③take a peep at 偷看一眼； ④steal a glance at 偷偷瞥一眼 其他 ①meet sb's eye(s)/gaze＝gaze/eyes meets/meet sb　　　 目光相遇；对视； ②keep/take one's eyes off ... 把目光从……上移开； ③tear one's eyes away from 恋恋不舍地把目光从……移开； ④look sb in the eye(s)/look into one's eyes 直视某人的眼睛； ⑤drop one's gaze 垂下眼帘 【靓句表达】 1．I glanced/looked back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me. 我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。 2．The teacher cast a glance at the noisy student, and the classroom immediately became quiet. 老师朝那个吵闹的学生匆匆瞥了一眼，教室立刻安静了下来。 3．She apologized to me sincerely and looked me in the eye the whole time. 她真诚地向我道歉，全程直视着我的眼睛。 4．When the teacher pointed out her mistake in the homework, she dropped her eyes , too embarrassed to say a word. 当老师指出她作业中的错误时，她垂下眼帘，尴尬得说不出话来。 5．The teacher was writing on the blackboard, but out of the corner of her eye, she saw two students passing a note. 老师在黑板上写字，却用眼角的余光看到两个学生传纸条。 续写语料运用　用表“看”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“优秀品行”——被老师发现手机后的“看” 　　The teacher ①_________________________________(正环视教室), his eyes quickly sweeping over each student, when he suddenly ②_______________ _____(看见玛丽).Her eyes were glued to the phone.Mary finally lifted her head and ③_____________________ (迎上老师的目光), paused for a moment, and ④________________ (垂下眼帘).She swallowed hard, wondering how to explain it.⑤___________________________________________ (老师把目光从她的手机上移开), waiting patiently for her explanation.Finally, she looked up, ⑥___________________________________________________________ (直视老师的眼睛) and told him the truth. was glancing around the classroom caught sight of Mary met the teacher's eyes dropped her gaze The teacher kept his eyes off her cellphone looked the teacher in the eye/looked into her teacher's eyes 单元测评30　Unit 6　Survival 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A The past decade saw an increase in knowledge about the gut microbiota (肠道微生物群), and how it can have a positive impact on our health.I was first introduced to this area of science by Professor Gretchen Daily from Stanford University.She mentioned a research project conducted in Finland.The study set up an experiment with children in kindergartens to see what happened to their skin and gut microbiomes and their immune (免疫的) system function if they played in areas containing elements of nature. Seventy­nine children took part, all living in urban environments and spending the majority of their days at different daycare centres around Finland.They were encouraged to play in only one of the three types of yard over the 28 days of the experiment.The first was a standard outdoor play area, made up of concrete, gravel and some plastic matting.The second was nature­based：these have grass, soil and planted areas.In the experimental areas, the concrete and gravel were covered with forest floor and soil from the local forest. Before and after periods of play, the children's skin and gut microbiota were measured, along with changes in their blood for immunoregulatory cytokine levels and Treg cell frequencies.These cells and proteins play a crucial role in preventing certain diseases；their levels in our blood are often used as an indication of how well the immune system is functioning.Remarkable results emerged.The children who played in the experimental yard showed a large increase in the diversity of microbiota on their skin and in their gut in comparison to the children playing in the urban and nature­based areas.Importantly, these were the “good” types of microbiota. The importance of this study cannot be overstated.It's clear that even short­term exposure to nature's microbial diversity has the potential to fundamentally change the diversity of microbiota on our skin and in our gut.In addition, it suggests that the altered gut microbiota can regulate the function of our immune system. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述芬兰的研究发现，接触自然有益肠道微生物群。 1．What was the purpose of the research project? A．To analyze children's play preferences. B．To explore the nature's impact on health. C．To compare different daycare environments. D．To seek ways to improve children's immunity. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“The study set up an experiment with children in kindergartens to see what happened to their skin and gut microbiomes and their immune (免疫的) system function if they played in areas containing elements of nature.”可推知，研究项目的目的是探索自然对健康的影响。故选B。 √ 2．What was the feature of the experimental yard according to the text? A．It included plastic matting only. B．It was entirely made of concrete. C．It was planted with artificial grass. D．It was covered with local forest soil. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the experimental areas, the concrete and gravel were covered with forest floor and soil from the local forest.”可知，实验场地的特点是被当地森林土壤覆盖。故选D。 √ 3．What did the research show? A．Fewer kids played in urban areas. B．More kids preferred experimental yards. C．The kids' immune system functioned the same. D．The kids' microbiota diversity rose in experimental areas. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The children who played in the experimental yard showed a large increase in the diversity of microbiota on their skin and in their gut in comparison to the children playing in the urban and nature­based areas.”可知，研究表明孩子们在实验区域的微生物群多样性增加了。故选D。 √ 4．What does the study suggest about future health practices? A．Increasing physical exercise. B．Conducting long­term studies. C．Integrating nature into daily life. D．Increasing microbial diversity artificially. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It's clear that ...can regulate the function of our immune system.”可推知，该研究表明未来的健康实践应该将自然融入日常生活。故选C。 √ B When Philip Sontag first visited Antarctica as a Ph.D.student, he collected a bag of penguin (企鹅) feathers.A decade later, Sontag and his team have discovered how to use these feathers to map mercury (汞) pollution in the Southern Hemisphere, a growing threat to wildlife. Mercury, a poisonous by­product of gold mining, becomes more and more in the food chain and affects animals' nervous systems.While sampling rocks or soil for mercury provides limited insight, tracking its presence in the food web is crucial for ecosystem monitoring. Penguins have a way to dispose of mercury through their feathers, which they molt (换羽) regularly.Sontag, now a polar researcher at Rutgers University, and his team analyzed these molted feathers to determine where penguins were exposed to mercury.They found a clear relationship between mercury levels and carbon­13, which varies geographically and acts as a marker for where penguins feed or breed (繁殖).The study confirmed this pattern across seven penguin species in the Southern Ocean, revealing higher mercury exposure in northern, warmer regions with higher carbon­13 levels. The findings suggest that penguins could serve as bioindicators, living trackers of environmental pollutants.By measuring mercury in feathers, scientists can track the metal's movement through the oceanic food web over time, rather than just at a single moment.For example, penguin species living near each other showed different mercury and carbon­13 levels due to varying migration and feeding patterns.These data could be modeled into a map­like database to aid conservation and polar research. Marine scientist Míriam Gimeno Castells notes that penguins are mid­level predators (捕食性动物), and undergo dramatic molts, making it easy to collect feathers from many individuals.The molted feathers contain mercury that gets into their body during the nonbreeding season. Sontag plans to collect newer feathers from different species and compare mercury levels in penguins' blood and their food with those in their feathers.As for the penguins' health, senior author John Reinfelder makes it clear that they have not yet been exposed to poisonous mercury levels.“The penguins will be okay，”he says. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了菲利普·桑塔格(Philip Sontag)及其团队发现可以利用企鹅的羽毛来绘制南半球汞污染地图，揭示了企鹅羽毛在监测汞污染方面的重要作用，企鹅有望成为环境污染物的生物指示器。 5．How did Sontag use the penguin feathers he collected? A．He kept them as a reminder of his trip. B．He studied the content of a chemical in them. C．He observed their changes in different environments. D．He classified them to identify different species of penguins. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Sontag, now a polar researcher at Rutgers University...which varies geographically and acts as a marker for where penguins feed or breed (繁殖).”可知，桑塔格通过分析企鹅羽毛中汞含量和碳13的情况，也就是研究羽毛中化学物质的含量，来了解相关信息。故选B。 √ 6．What does the underlined part“dispose of”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recognize. B．Consume. C．Remove. D．Combine. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Penguins have a way to...mercury through their feathers, which they molt (换羽) regularly”以及第四段“By measuring mercury in feathers, scientists can track the metal's movement through the oceanic food web over time”可知，企鹅羽毛中会含有汞，企鹅通过换羽，也就是它们把体内的汞通过羽毛排出了。可推理出“dispose of”的意思是“去除，排出”，故选C。 √ 7．What do we know about penguins from the text? A．They are ideal bioindicators. B．They are sensitive to carbon­13. C．They are top­level predators in the food chain. D．They are free from the effects of human activities. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings suggest that penguins could serve as bioindicators, living trackers of environmental pollutants.”以及第五段“Marine scientist Míriam Gimeno Castells notes that penguins are mid­level predators (捕食性动物), and undergo dramatic molts, making it easy to collect feathers from many individuals.”可知，企鹅作为中层捕食性动物，换羽使得人们收集羽毛很容易，且企鹅羽毛能反映环境污染物情况，所以它们是理想的生物指示器。故选A。 √ 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Life Cycle of Penguins in Antarctica B．Gold Mining and Its Effects on Penguins C．The Impact of Climate Change on Penguin Populations D．Penguins Help Map Antarctica's Growing Mercury Threat √ 标题归纳题。本文首段点题，末段呼应。根据第一段“When Philip Sontag first visited Antarctica as a Ph.D.student ...a growing threat to wildlife.”以及最后一段“Sontag plans to collect newer feathers from different species and compare mercury levels in penguins' blood and their food with those in their feathers.”可知，文章开篇讲述菲利普·桑塔格首次访问南极洲时收集了企鹅羽毛，接着阐述了他和团队发现可以利用这些羽毛绘制南半球汞污染地图，以及企鹅作为生物指示器在监测汞污染方面的作用等内容，文章核心围绕“企鹅羽毛帮助科学家追踪汞污染”展开，D选项“企鹅帮助绘制南极洲日益增长的汞威胁图”直接概括了这一主题。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Misinformation and other attempts at misleading the public are common on social media.1( ) ·Never share a post without fact checking. This is especially true if it comes from a source you trust.If you want to spread the truth，you need to assume that other people aren't perfect and may make mistakes.2( ) ·Look for the sources. Mainstream news is as good as the sources it relies on.Stories coming from anonymous(匿名的) sources or only a single source are more suspect than stories with multiple sources of confirmation.3( ) Many important leaks and stories have come from a single anonymous source. ·Consider the story's agenda. Stories are colored by the agendas of their writers.News organizations typically operate for money，and part of their brand (and thus their profits)lies in their accuracy.However，many news groups tailor their content to particular sections of customers，and thus are more likely to cover stories with a particular perspective.4( ).Consequently，the stories are turned into preference with the preconceptions of their target audience. ·5( ) Injustices are things that make any ethical person upset or angry.A story that promotes emotion is not automatically false just because it arouses strong feelings.Unfortunately，cheaters know the power of emotion and use that tool in their work.Therefore，check the fact before you share. A．Don't view stories with caution. B．This can weaken their accuracy. C．But it doesn't mean that they are false. D．In this way you will be more cautious. E．Don't discount stories that are full of emotion. F．The following tips may help you surf the Internet safely. G．Here are some steps to take to separate yourself from misinformation. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在社交媒体上如何避免被误导性信息和虚假新闻欺骗。 Misinformation and other attempts at misleading the public are common on social media.1( ) 上文“Misinformation and other attempts at misleading the public are common on social media.”引出了社交媒体上存在误导性信息的问题。下文给出了一些避免受错误信息影响的具体方法。G项“以下是一些可以采取的让你远离错误信息的措施”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 G．Here are some steps to take to separate yourself from misinformation. ·Never share a post without fact checking. This is especially true if it comes from a source you trust.If you want to spread the truth，you need to assume that other people aren't perfect and may make mistakes.2( ) 前文提到如果想传播真相，就要假设他人不完美并且可能会犯错，所以要在核查事实后再分享，这样做的结果就是会更加谨慎，D项中的“In this way”指代前文提到的核查事实的做法，符合语境。故选D。 D．In this way you will be more cautious. ·Look for the sources. Mainstream news is as good as the sources it relies on.Stories coming from anonymous(匿名的) sources or only a single source are more suspect than stories with multiple sources of confirmation.3( ) Many important leaks and stories have come from a single anonymous source. 空前句指出匿名或单一来源的报道比有多个消息来源证实的报道更可疑，后文又说许多重要的爆料和报道都来自单一匿名来源，说明虽然单一或者匿名来源的报道可疑，但并不意味着它们就是假的，C项“但这不意味着它们是假的”与上文形成转折，承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 C．But it doesn't mean that they are false. ·Consider the story's agenda. Stories are colored by the agendas of their writers.News organizations typically operate for money，and part of their brand (and thus their profits)lies in their accuracy.However，many news groups tailor their content to particular sections of customers，and thus are more likely to cover stories with a particular perspective.4( ).Consequently，the stories are turned into preference with the preconceptions of their target audience. 空前句提到许多新闻团体根据特定客户群体来订制内容，它们会更倾向于从特定角度报道新闻，B项“这会削弱它们的准确性”承接上文，指出这样做的后果。故选B。 B．This can weaken their accuracy. ·5( ) Injustices are things that make any ethical person upset or angry.A story that promotes emotion is not automatically false just because it arouses strong feelings.Unfortunately，cheaters know the power of emotion and use that tool in their work.Therefore，check the fact before you share. 该空是段落小标题。根据本段内容可知，带有情绪的报道不一定是假的，但骗子会利用情绪的力量，所以在分享前要核查事实。E项“不要轻视那些充斥着情绪的报道”能够概括本段主旨，其中E项中的“emotion”是复现词，在本段多次出现，是解题关键。故选E。 E．Don't discount stories that are full of emotion. 阶段测评(五) 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共15个小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A The artifacts (文物) are silent witnesses of bygone eras.It is only in a museum that you can reconnect with the past.If you are visiting museums in Sydney, the following will offer you the best experiences that reflect on the diverse history of Australia and its people. Powerhouse Museum In case you are visiting Sydney with your family, this museum offers one of the most exciting experiences in this city.The museum's exhibits are devoted to displaying technologies that have transformed our world.Detailing innovations in space travel, nuclear science and the workings of light, electricity and gravity, they will surely interest your entire family, especially the young ones. Australian National Maritime Museum Australia is surrounded by water.Getting some insights into how this huge land relates to its surrounding waters is quite helpful as it is exciting.Learn how Australia and its people have been affected by the waters.Go back in history and learn about the experiences of the first people brought to Australia as prisoners.The Sea Journeys exhibit takes care of this. Australian Museum Imagine coming face to face with ten complete dinosaur skeletons in the Dinosaur exhibit! As you walk through the museum, you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit which will take you through stuffed recreations of some of Australia's most dangerous animals including the now­extinct Tasmanian Tiger, ten most poisonous snakes and a number of crocodiles. Certainly, this is a museum you will not want to miss out on. Museum of Sydney Here you will learn everything about the rich and diverse history of this city.The digital presentations will interest you.Get the opportunity to view a huge range of artifacts from Sydney's history.The gift shop in the museum gives you a wide range of special gifts to choose for your loved ones. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了悉尼四个值得参观的博物馆。 1．What is special about Powerhouse Museum? A．It's especially kid­friendly. B．Its exhibits are the latest. C．It tells Australia's early history. D．It reflects Sydney's life near the sea. 细节理解题。根据 Powerhouse Museum部分中的最后一句可知，悉尼动力博物馆尤其会引起儿童们的兴趣，即受孩子喜欢。 √ 2．Where does the Exploring Australia exhibit take place? A．Powerhouse Museum. B．Museum of Sydney. C．Australian Museum. D．Australian National Maritime Museum. 细节理解题。根据 Australian Museum 部分中的“you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit”可知，澳大利亚博物馆举办了“探索澳大利亚”展览。 √ Who are the intended readers of this passage? A．Students. B．Tourists. C．Historians. D．Journalists. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这篇文章的目标读者是去悉尼的旅行者。 √ B Thurgood Marshall was born in Baltimore on July 2nd, 1908.In that city, and in many other parts of the USA，at that time, black people were separated from white people by law.When he was in primary school, one of his teachers punished him by sending him to read and remember the words of the Constitution (宪法).It's a long document but he managed to remember most of it.He began to think about the Constitution's guarantees of freedom, which should be for people of all races, not just for white people. Marshall attended Lincoln University where he completed his studies with honors, in 1930.He wanted to go to law school at the University of Maryland, but was refused because he was black.So he went to law school of Howard University, which is a school for African Americans. After completing his law studies, he accepted the case of a young black man who wanted to attend the University of Maryland law school and was refused too.Marshall took legal action.He won the case. He went on to win many more cases dealing with racial separation laws.His most important case was the one of “Brown versus Board of Education” in 1954.The case involved the city of Topeka, where it was legal to have“separate but equal”schools for black students and white students.Marshall argued it was a violation (违背) of the Constitution to separate people because of their race.He added that the word “equal”meant getting the same thing, at the same time and in the same place.The Supreme Court agreed.The case helped destroy the terrible wall of legal racial separation throughout the United States. In 1961, President John Kennedy named Thurgood Marshall to be a judge of a federal appeals court.In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson appointed him to the Supreme Court.He served for 24 years before he retired. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国最高法院法官瑟古德·马歇尔的成长经历以及他在反种族隔离运动中做出的巨大贡献。 4．What does the first paragraph say about Marshall? A．He was born in a city with friendlier laws to the black. B．He went to primary school together with white children. C．He used to be punished for failing to recite the Constitution. D．He developed an interest in the Constitution at an early age. 推理判断题。根据第一段“He began to think about the Constitution's guarantees of freedom”可推知，第一段主要介绍了瑟古德·马歇尔从小就开始对宪法产生了兴趣。故选D。 √ 5．What do we know about the University of Maryland law school? A．It awarded honors to Marshall. B．It was for African Americans only. C．It discriminated the black people. D．It admitted qualified students only. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“He wanted to go to law school at the University of Maryland, but was refused because he was black”可推断出马里兰大学对黑人有种族歧视。故选C。 √ 6．What can we learn about the case of “Brown versus Board of Education”？ A．It was about a crime of a black man. B．It was refused by the Supreme Court. C．It challenged the racial separation laws. D．It changed the Constitution of the USA． 细节理解题。文章第四段“The case helped destroy the terrible wall of legal racial separation throughout the United States”可知，“布朗诉教育委员会案”挑战了种族隔离法律。故选C。 √ 7．What is the text mainly about? A．A case improving the education equality. B．A man changing the racial separation laws. C．The development of American racial laws. D．The responsibilities of the Supreme Court. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍瑟古德·马歇尔从小就开始对宪法产生了兴趣，第二段介绍他学习法律，第三、四段介绍了瑟古德·马歇尔事业中影响美国的重要案件，最后一段介绍了他的成就。故这篇说明文主要介绍了瑟古德·马歇尔，这位美国历史上帮助改变美国种族分裂法律的人。故选B。 √ C Tawonga Zakeyu is the oldest of 13 siblings.She grew up in Machinga District in the southern region of Malawi, the 12th­poorest country in the world.Now she is working for an organization called CAMFED—the Campaign for Female Education—on a key, often­ignored strategy in the fight against the climate crisis：women's and girls' education. Education for women is related to lower fertility rate, which contributes to the reduction of global carbon emissions.When girls are allowed to stay in school, they tend to wait longer to get married.This is especially important in countries like Malawi, where the average age of a woman at first birth was 19 in 2016, and women go on to have an average of four children.Educated girls, like Zakeyu, also become more economically empowered, which gives them more agency to access health­care services like birth control. Education also helps women and their families survive climate disasters and improve climate resilience.Climate resilience can take many forms, like women learning to follow weather reports or choose more durable construction techniques for their homes or as Zakeyu is doing, to make farming more resilient and productive despite changing weather. Zakeyu is training other girls in Malawi to be a part of CAMFED's Agriculture Guides program.This program supports young women farmers, who tend to own small pieces of land, to increase their yields and practice agriculture techniques like drip irrigation(滴灌).Women are also encouraged to switch to traditional crops like cassava(木薯)that use less water, and to plant trees to shade their crops, increasing yields while reducing water needs. Zakeyu says，“We want to restore our environment and then we want these women to have food at the same time, to have enough to sell, to have money, to be economically empowered and not just for them, but also for their families, for their community.”She is pushing back against a culture where families prioritize school fees for sons over daughters.“With CAMFED, we are trying to teach the nation that when you educate a girl child, everything will change.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍扎克于和CAMFED组织，讲述了妇女和女童教育有助于应对气候危机的原因。 8．What is the purpose of the organization CAMFED? A．To fight against government policy. B．To plant more food for poor people. C．To promote female education. D．To establish schools for girls. 细节理解题。根据题干的purpose、CAMFED可定位到第一段最后一句“该项目专注于一项……战略，即促进妇女和女童的教育(women's and girls' education)”，故C项“促进女性教育发展”正确。 √ 9．How does CAMFED help women in Malawi? A．Give them money and lands. B．Help them choose good husband. C．Teach them farming skills. D．Help them become richer than males. 细节理解题。根据题干CAMFED、women in Malawi定位至第四段。第四段第一句提到扎克于对她们进行农业培训，第二句提到培训内容是如何提高产量，实施农业技术(increase their yields and practice agriculture techniques)，故C选项“教会她们种植技术”正确。 √ 10．What can we know about Zakeyu? A．She is from a rich family. B．She is the chief of the CAMFED. C．She is good at planting cassava. D．She is against gender inequality. 推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到她反对(pushing back against)更优先为儿子支付学费而不是女儿的文化观念，即反对重男轻女，故D选项“反对性别不平等”正确。 √ 11．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The criticism for gender inequality in poor countries. B．Zakeyu's contributions to fighting against climate change. C．The advocacy for people to join CAMFED. D．The importance of female education to climate issues. 主旨大意题。文章首段介绍扎克于和CAMFED组织，并以其为主线，讲述了妇女和女童教育有助于应对气候危机的两方面原因：促进女性教育会降低生育率，因而有助于应对气候危机。第3～5段解释第2个原因：向年轻女性提供教育能帮助她们提高粮食生产技术，以更好地应对气候变化。故D项“女性教育对气候问题的重要性”正确。 √ D The brain is protected by shock­absorbing fluid and, outside that, the skull.In a concussion (脑震荡), the brain bounces around in the skull, accelerating, decelerating or revolving.This creates a series of impacts.The neurons (神经元) in the brain are disturbed, and between those neurons, the axons—thin fibers that transmit electrical impulses—stretch or break.Inside the brain, it's like an earthquake that has happened.Everything is still standing, but there are cracks in the roads and in building foundations. This extremely small damage has big consequences.But decades ago, the public had a “walk it off”attitude towards concussions.That's changed, thanks in part to an increased awareness about the long­term effects.The 2015 film “Concussion” tells the true story of Dr Bennet Omalu, a forensic pathologist studying chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain disorder caused by repeated head injuries. Until recently, the dark­room treatment was the standard prescribed by most doctors, involving patients resting in darkness and without any mental stimulation, until their symptoms eased off.This suggestion came out of studies in the 1990s and early 2000s that found when athletes with concussions continued with high levels of activity, they recovered more slowly than those who rested. But people who spend more time in a dark room—sometimes called “cocooning”—are also more likely to experience anxiety, depression and sleep problems.Their bodies get weaker due to underuse, as well. “Science and research have evolved over the past decade, showing that when you stop doing activity altogether, that actually affects your recovery process，”says Babul, a sports­injury specialist.The active­rest approach to concussion recovery promotes a slow increase in activity, starting with a day or two of light daily movement, and gradually adding activity, building to a full return to normal, unrestricted activity. “People who follow the right guidance and management tend to recover uneventfully, and those who don't and continue to do their activities continue to tax their brain and are likely to have long­term, persisting symptoms，”Babul says.“The key is to recognize it immediately and know what to do.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑震荡的研究和治疗方法的探讨，即从传统的黑暗治疗方法转向更积极的恢复策略。 12．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The workings of concussion. B．The causes of concussion. C．The symptoms of concussion. D．The effects of concussion. 段落大意题。根据第一段“The brain is protected by....in the roads and in building foundations.”可知，第一段主要讲的是脑震荡的机制，包括脑部在颅骨内的运动及其对神经元的影响。故选A项。 √ 13．What leads to people's weaker bodies in the dark­room treatment? A．The dark environment. B．Their physical pain. C．Their insufficient activity. D．Their mental disorder. 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，活动不足导致人们在暗室治疗中身体变弱。故选C项。 √ 14．Which practice is advised to help with concussion, according to the passage? A．Setting a progressive fitness plan first. B．Doing heavy housework daily. C．Playing competitive sports regularly. D．Lying in bed for the whole day. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The active­rest approach to...building to a full return to normal, unrestricted activity.”可知，首先制定一个循序渐进的健身计划这种练习被建议用来帮助治疗脑震荡。故选A项。 √ 15．What is the best title of the text? A．From Inaction to Action：Concussion Shocks B．From Darkness to Light：Concussion Recovery C．From Outside to Inside：Concussion Treatment D．From Nothing to Something：Concussion Study 标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及最后一段可知，文章主要讲的是脑震荡的研究和治疗方法的探讨，即从传统的黑暗治疗方法转向更积极的恢复策略。故这篇文章最好的标题是“从黑暗到光明：脑震荡的康复”。故选B项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.1( ) It's so interesting to discover what's going on.With a bit of practice, and know­how from books and websites, stargazers can spot particular stars and also groups of stars. There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look.For the best results, choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.2( ) It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities.It is because of light pollution.The night sky is brightened by light from street lamps, shops and car headlights.The best places for stargazing are open, hilly areas or the coast.3( ) It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.If the full moon is up, it will be hard to see.Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off. 4( ) That is camping in a national park under a star­filled sky.Many national parks offer various night sky programs, from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers.Besides, national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day.Sit quietly and listen for these creatures. When you head out at night, always go with an adult.Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on, plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well, so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky.A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored.5( ) A．Get prepared for the wonder above. B．Just go outside at night and look up. C．You are supposed to avoid the full moon. D．It also matters which direction you observe. E．In these places, you can look for the Milky Way. F．What is the better way to experience the great wonder? G．Where do you prefer to have a stargazing trip at night? 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了观星这一简单但引人入胜的活动，并就如何更好地观星给出了建议。 You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.1( ) It's so interesting to discover what's going on.With a bit of practice, and know­how from books and websites, stargazers can spot particular stars and also groups of stars. 上文提到想要享受观星这一活动不需要有巨大的望远镜，这项活动是简单的，空处应承接上文，介绍观星的简单方法。B项符合语境。 B．Just go outside at night and look up. There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look.For the best results, choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.2( ) 上文提到观星时选择月亮不太明亮的晴朗夜晚，空处应承接上文，说明观星时应该避开满月。C项符合语境。 C．You are supposed to avoid the full moon. It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities.It is because of light pollution.The night sky is brightened by light from street lamps, shops and car headlights.The best places for stargazing are open, hilly areas or the coast. 3( ) It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.If the full moon is up, it will be hard to see.Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off. 上文介绍观星的最佳地点，下文介绍银河系的相关信息，空处应承上启下，说明从这些地点可以看到银河系，且 E项中的“these places”指代上文中的“open, hilly areas or the coast”，“Milky Way”与下文中的“our home galaxy”相呼应。E项符合语境。 E．In these places, you can look for the Milky Way. 4( ) That is camping in a national park under a star­filled sky.Many national parks offer various night sky programs, from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers.Besides, national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day.Sit quietly and listen for these creatures. 下文提到体验观星的最好方式就是在星空下的国家公园里露营，空处应引出下文对观星的最好方式的介绍，F项和下文构成一问一答。F项符合语境。 F．What is the better way to experience the great wonder? When you head out at night, always go with an adult.Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on, plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well, so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky.A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored.5( ) 上文介绍为观星这一活动所做的准备，空处应承接上文，说明为观看奇观做好准备。A项符合语境。 A．Get prepared for the wonder above. Ⅲ.语法填空(本题共10个小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) Dishes in Chinese food culture have their origins.For example，“Dongpo Pork”．After Su Shi was downgraded, he came to Hangzhou organizing migrant workers to dredge(疏浚)the West Lake, build bridges, 1____________ transform the old West Lake into a new look. 考查连词。此处是三个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中build和transform承前省略了to，故填and。 and People there were very grateful to Su Shi for 2____________ he had done.It was heard that he liked pork best, so everyone would carry meat and wine to him to pay a New Year greeting.After 3____________ (receive) it, 考查宾语从句。空处引导从句，作介词for的宾语，又因从句中缺宾语，且表示“……的事情”，故填what。 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，空处在句中作非谓语。空处位于介词 After后，应用动名词形式，故填receiving。 what receiving Su Shi instructed his family to cut the meat into cubes, burned it red and crisp, and then 4____________(distribute) it to the migrant workers participating in the dredging of the West Lake to eat.People warmly called the meat “Dongpo Pork” because of Su Shi's name. 考查动词的时态。and连接三个并列的谓语动词，空处与空前的instructed、burned是并列关系，应用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事情，故填distributed。 distributed In the West, there's also a story behind the origin of food.For example, pizza and the story of Queen Margherita.Thin, round bread 5____________ (use) in the cooking of Egyptians, Etruscans and Romans long ago. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语long ago可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语bread是不可数名词，与use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was used。 was used It was eaten at the end of every meal during the Renaissance 6____ a dish for the poor and enriched by the arrival of various 7____________ (tomato)from America in the 18th century： 考查介词。此处表示“在文艺复兴时期，它被作为穷人的一道菜，在每次用餐结束时食用”，故填介词as。 考查名词复数。tomato前有various“各种各样的”修饰，故填名词复数tomatoes。 as tomatoes it was then that it began to gain the appreciation of the 8____________ (wealth) classes.Another important date in the pizza story is 1899 when Queen Margherita of Savoy made the famous Neapolitan pizza maker Raffaele Esposito 9____________ (prepare) a pizza in three colors, symbolizing the Italian flag. 考查形容词。空前是定冠词the，空后是名词classes, 空处应用形容词修饰名词，故填wealthy。 考查固定用法。此处考查固定用法make sb do sth“使得某人做某事”，故填prepare。 wealthy prepare The Pizza was named“Pizza Margherita”．Since then, pizza 10____________ (take) the world by storm. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的东坡肉和西方的比萨饼的来历和典故。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的“Since then”可知，应用现在完成时；take sth by storm“在某地大获成功”，此处表示“比萨饼风靡世界”；主语pizza在此是不可数名词，与take之间是主动关系。故填has taken。 has taken 谢 谢 观 看 WELCOME UNIT $