必修3 Unit 6 Disaster and hope（课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“Disaster and hope”主题，依据高考评价体系梳理了词汇语境运用、句型结构分析、阅读理解清障、应用文与读后续写等核心考查维度，通过近三年高考真题统计明确核心词（如rescue、occur）运用占35%、长难句分析占30%的高频考点分布，归纳单句语法填空、语篇填空、观点态度题等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题实战+素养提升”策略，如以2025全国一卷occur语法填空为例，结合“sth occurs to sb”句型归纳培养语言能力，读后续写中“头部动作描写”（如“lowered his head”“nodded in agreement”）语料积累提升思维品质。提供“多元表达”模板和“熟词生义”警示（如shelter v.躲避），助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可借单元测评精准把握学情，实现高效复习。

高三一轮复习讲义 外研版 必修　第三册 Unit 6　Disaster and hope 03 核心知识巩固 02 探究必备知识 语基自主学习 01 内容索引 05 单元测评 04 提升关键能力 06 阶段测评 语基自主学习 返回 1．the Tube　　　　　　　 (伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁 2．hurricane n. 飓风 3．landslide n. 山崩，滑坡 4．tsunami n. 海啸 5．typhoon n. 台风 6．blizzard n. 暴风雪 7．avalanche n. 雪崩 8．billion num. 十亿 9．lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部 注： 表示熟词生义； 表示反义词 Ⅰ.阅读单词 10．mosquito n. 蚊子 11．the Big Dipper 北斗七星 12．the Little Dipper 小北斗七星 13．the Milky Way 银河 14．tube n. 管子 1．plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余 2．immediately adv. 即刻，马上 3．forecast v. 预测，预报 4．grab v. 攫取，抓住 5．rescue n. 营救，解救 6．claim v. 声称；索取； (战争、事故等)夺去(生命) 7．crisis n. 危机 8．satellite n. 人造卫星 9．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处 10．otherwise adv. 否则，要不然 Ⅱ.核心单词 11．helicopter n. 直升机 12．midnight n. 子夜，午夜 13．county n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡 14．property n. 所有物，资产，财产 15．shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽 1．occur v．发生→(过去式/过去分词)occurred →(动词-ing形式)occurring →occurrence n．发生；出现；存在 2．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发 →eruption n．爆发，喷发 3．rely v．信赖，可靠 →reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的 →reliably adv.可靠地 →reliability n．可靠性 →reliance n. 依靠，信任 Ⅲ.拓展单词 4．announce v．宣布；声称；播报 →announcement n．通告，公告 →announcer n．广播员；播音员 5．threat n．威胁；构成威胁的人(或事物) →threaten v．威胁到，危及 →threatened adj.受到威胁的 6．disaster n．灾难，灾祸 →disastrous adj.灾难性的 7．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 →sufficiently adv.充分地，足够地 →sufficiency n．足量，充足 8．emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件 →emergent adj.紧急的 9．exception n．例外；除外 →exceptional adj.特别的；杰出的 →exceptionally adv.极其，非常 10．precisely adv. 精确地，准确地 →precise adj.精确的 →precision n．精确度，精准； 严谨 构词法：前缀im-表示“向内，进入”，也可以表示否定意义“不、非”。多加在动词、形容词或者名词前。 ①press v．按，压→impress使钦佩，使留下深刻印象 ②migrate v．迁徙→immigrate(从外地)移居，移民 ③port n．港口→import进口　prison n．监狱→imprison监禁 ④possible adj.可能的→impossible 不可能的　polite adj.礼貌的→impolite 无礼的 1．go down 下降，落下；沉没；走下(某一处) 2．make it to 及时赶到…… 3．look through 浏览，迅速查看 4．leave out 遗漏，不包括 5．consist of 包含，包括；由……组成 6．fly off 飞走 7．look out for 注意查看，留心 8．keep on(doing sth) 继续(做某事) 9．have yet to 还没有 10．in the open air 在户外 Ⅳ.重点短语 11．a crowd of 一大群 12．after all 毕竟；终究 13．all of a sudden 突然 14．up and down 来来回回；上上下下 1．Sure enough，going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting.(动词-ing形式短语作主语) 果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山一样。 2．One very hot summer，the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below！(动词-ed形式作定语) 一个非常炎热的夏天，太阳光反射过来，融化了停在下面的汽车！ 3．Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...(now that引导原因状语从句) 既然很难避免地球上的灾难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去…… Ⅴ.经典句型 探究必备知识 返回 occur(教材义)v.发生；(补充义)v.存在，出现；(想法)产生 先练透 ①(2025·全国一卷)Similar campaigns ________ (occur)in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. ② ______________________ (我突然想到)I had left the door unlocked when I was away from home. ③(读后续写之天气描写)那天晚上发生了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风拍打着房子。 That night _________________________，with the wind blowing and beating the house. 1 occurred It occurred to me that a terrible storm occurred (1)sth occurs to sb　　　 某人突然想起某事 (2)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that... 某人突然想起…… (3)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 再归纳 rescue(教材义)n.解救，营救；(补充义)v.援救；挽救(生意等) 先练透 ①(2025·八省联考卷读后续写)I saw their appearance in the film and their efforts _________(rescue)abandoned dogs in the documentary. ②All the people nearby __________________ (来救她)when hearing her cry for help. ③(应用文写作之救援报道)正是这个勇敢的年轻人将那个可怜的老人从着火的房子中救出来的。 It was the brave young man that ______________________________________ _________． 2 to rescue came to her rescue rescued the poor old man from the burning house (1)rescue...from...　 把……从……营救出来 (2)come to one's rescue 来营救某人 (3)rescuer n. 救援者；救助者 再归纳 compare...to...……与……相似；将……比作…… 先练透 ①(2025·浙江1月卷) ___________(compare)to traditional garden plots，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. ②It is difficult to make a __________(compare)with her previous book—they are completely different. ③(读后续写之主旨升华句)与一辆新自行车相比，老师的鼓励似乎更有效地帮助男孩克服了恐惧。 ______________________，encouragement from a teacher seemed more effective to help the boy conquer fear. 3 Compared comparison Compared to a new bike (1)compare...with...　 把……和……相比较 (2)compared to/with... 和……相比(通常作状语) (3)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双 (4)comparison n. 比较 by/in comparison with.../make a comparison with... 与……相比 再归纳 句型公式：the moment 连接句子 先练透 ① ______________________(他一到)，he started telling us what to do. ② ______________________________(每次他检查数据时) with great caution before leaving the lab，his face was surprisingly pale and drawn. ③(动作心理描写)我的目光落在她身上的那一刻，一股感激之情涌上心头。 ______________________________，a wave of appreciation surged through me. 4 Immediately he arrived Every time he checked the data The moment my eyes fell on her ④(2024·新课标卷读后续写)我一下飞机，就像疯了一样穿过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。 ______________________________，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. The moment I got off the plane (1)此处为名词短语用作从属连词，连接时间状语从句和主句。 (2)另外还有些名词短语/副词可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句： ·the instant/moment/second/minute/day，相当于as soon as(一……就……) ·every/each/next/last time 每次/下次/上次；the first/second...time 第一/二……次 ·instantly/immediately/directly 一……就…… 再归纳 核心知识巩固 返回 维度一　词汇语境运用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)________(grab) a branch from a cut-down tree，he jumped in through the window. 2．(2025·八省联考卷)A nearby theater was showing a documentary(记录片) about several local animal ________ (shelter)that were helping to save abandoned dogs across the country. 3．(2025·八省联考卷)Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes ___________ (immediate)after the test. 4．(2025·全国二卷)The awkward moment ended with the class ________ (erupt)into laughter. Grabbing shelters immediately erupting 5．(2024·浙江1月卷)But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife _________(rescue)me. 6． The collapse was __________ (disaster)，requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork. to rescue disastrous Ⅱ.语篇语境填空 The hurricane was exceptionally strong yesterday，1._______(cause) significant damage to people's safety and property.Based on the 2._____________ (announce)，a number of lives 3.____________(claim) by the disaster.People 4.________ survived the disaster had nowhere to go.Plus，drinking water was hard to get and 5._____ was no sufficient food. Their emotions erupted like a volcano and a sense of helplessness 6._______ (grab) them.Luckily，the 7.________(rely) government immediately took action and sent helicopters 8._________(rescue) the trapped people.Otherwise they would have starved to death.At midnight，mosquitoes circled the shelter and bit people's laps 9._________(precise). People's lives and property were still under threat，because no one knew whether the hurricane would occur again 10.__ not. causing announcement were claimed who/that there grabbed reliable to rescue precisely or 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义/一词多义 (写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2025·全国一卷)The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. _______________________ 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. _______ 3．(2024·浙江1月卷)I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. _______ 4．One of the hotel's pluses is that it is very central. _______________ 5．She was passed by several runners in the last lap. ______________ adj.令人吃惊的，惊人的 n．特性 v．躲避 n．好处，优势 n．(跑道的)一圈 Ⅱ.构词训练 (写出下列黑体词的构词方法和词义) 构词 规则 ①“ate”加在名词或形容词后构成动词，通常表示“使……；做……；造成……”的意思，有使动的含义。 ②加在名词或动词后构成形容词，用来描述具有某种特征或性质。 ③也有少数-ate结尾的名词形式。 1．(2025·全国一卷)In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. _______________________________________________ 2．(2025·全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go，or weiqi in Chinese，which originated in China more than 4，000 years ago. _________________________________________________________ 3．She is always polite and considerate towards her employees. _________________________________________________________ carbon n．碳→carbonate n．碳酸钙 origin n．起源；起因→originate vi.起源；发源 vt.创立；开创 consider v．考虑→considerate adj.周到的，体贴的 提升关键能力 返回 Part 1.应用文增分练 请结合本单元话题，用单元词汇句型完成下面的应用文写作，并背诵。 【情境呈现】 假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“How to deal with natural disaster？”的分享与交流活动。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括：(1)具体做法；(2)你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear friends， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That's all.Thank you. 【布局谋篇】 首段 开篇点题 有备无患 Dear friends， Natural disasters，such as floods，volcanic eruptions，earthquakes and tsunamis，can occur at any time.So we need to make preparations in advance just in case. 中段 具体措施 做法 　　First of all，we should master rich knowledge of natural disasters (1)__________________________________________________________ (通过浏览预防自然灾害的书籍).Secondly，when natural disasters really occur，we should protect our property，(2)____________________________________ (确保我们有足够的食物)，water，medicine and so on. Besides，we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and go to rescue others. 末段 总结 　　Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. That's all.Thank you.　　 by looking through books about natural disaster prevention making sure we have sufficient food 【多元表达】 用不同结构句型重写本句：So we need to make preparations in advance just in case. We need to make preparations in advance ③_____________________________ _________．(目的状语从句) ④_______________________________，we need to have made preparations in advance.(条件状语从句) so that we can deal with unexpected situations If something unexpected happens Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　肢体动作描写“头部”动作 【语言素材】 仰/摇头等 ①raise one's head　　　　　 仰头；　　　　 ②hold one's head high　　　　　 高昂着头； ③throw one's head back 头往后仰； ④drop/lower/bow/hang one's head 低头； ⑤stick/poke one's head 伸/探头； ⑥shake one's head 摇头 转/挠头等 ①turn one's head　　　　　　　　 转头；　　 ②scratch one's head　　　　 挠头； ③put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands双手抱头； ④rest one's head on/against 把头靠在……上面； ⑤with a nod 点头； ⑥head for/towards 朝……走去 【靓句表达】 1．Steven walked slowly to the bus，his head down，tears in his eyes. 史蒂文低着头，眼里含着泪，慢慢地向公交车走去。 2．He felt a gentle touch on his arm.It was his friend John who nodded and smiled at him/smiled at him with a nod. 他觉得有人轻轻碰了一下他的胳膊。是他的朋友John向他点头微笑。 3．Though he was in a bad mood，he dropped/hung/lowered his head to hide it and managed a smile. 尽管他心情不好，但是他低下头来掩饰，勉强笑了一下。 4．Steven rose，sat close to his mother，rested his head on/against her shoulder，and could hardly resist weeping. 史蒂文起来坐在母亲身边，将头靠在她的肩膀上，再也忍不住哭泣起来。 5．Seeing the broken vase, the little boy buried his head in his hands, afraid of being scolded. 看到打碎的花瓶，小男孩双手抱头，害怕受到责骂。 6．Even though she was feeling down, she managed to hold her head high and face the challenges head on. 即使她情绪低落，她还是努力昂首挺胸，勇敢地面对挑战。 续写语料运用　用表“头部”动作的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“挑战自我”——请求参与比赛，教练从迟疑到同意时的“头部”动作 　　“I think I can give it a try，” a determined voice came from the crowd.Everyone ①________________________ (转头) and all eyes rested on Paul.②______________________________________ (他低下头), a bit embarrassed.Looking at him up and down, the coach ③________________ (摇头). “Give him a chance.He has real skills, coach！” I begged.“What have we got to lose? Let Paul play！” another player said.Seeing the coach still hesitant, Paul stepped forward and raised his voice, “Trust me, coach! I won't let you down！” His eyes were burning with eagerness.“Well, it's your turn to shine.” the coach finally ④___________________ (点头同意). turned their heads He bowed/hung/lowered/dropped his head shook his head nodded in agreement 单元测评18　Unit 6　Disaster and hope 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共7个小题，每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A After taking an introductory course in global health last winter, Yashaswi Bista，president of Stanford SupplyHer，was empowered to take action against malaria，a disease that has been claiming hundreds of thousands of lives every year for centuries. Stanford SupplyHer，a student group supporting women's health through art，hosted an event in partnership with the United to Beat Malaria (UBM) campaign，a global grassroots campaign of the UN Foundation, to encourage funding for malaria prevention，treatment and research initiatives at White Plaza last Monday.“Knowing that malaria is especially dangerous to pregnant individuals and children makes advocacy of malaria funding and research essential for our mission，”said Bista. “We in the U．S.need to be aware of the impact of global warming on malaria because less developed countries in other parts of the world are more heavily affected by our emissions，”Bista said.Last year，the U．S.experienced its first local outbreaks of malaria since 2003.Infectious disease experts have warned that climate change will spread malaria and other diseases carried by mosquitoes to areas that were once free of malaria. This summer，after discovering the work of the UBM campaign，Bista met with her congressional representatives to advocate malaria treatment and research.To support continued funding for global malaria programs，Bista wrote to officials in Congress.“It's easy for people to feel like they are powerless to handle issues as big as malaria.But any person can give input to their decision makers on issues as big as these，”wrote Maegan Cross，a senior advocate at the UBM campaign.“By sending messages to your elected officials in support of global health funding，you are making sure your voice is heard.” Bista encouraged students to become involved in initiatives on campus to spread awareness of malaria and other global health issues.“Global health is important to me because there are so many health inequities around the world and health itself is important to living a fulfilling life，”Bista said.“Because there are so many health inequities around the world，I want to raise awareness and help people live fulfilling lives.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Stanford SupplyHer 组织的主席 Yashaswi Bista 为抗击疟疾所采取的一系列行动。 1．What inspired Bista to engage in action against malaria? A．A learning experience. B．A health crisis. C．A grassroots campaign. D．A tabling event. 细节理解题。根据题干中的“action against malaria”定 位 至 第一段。根据第 一 段中的“After taking an introductory course in global health last winter，Yashaswi Bista...was empowered to take action against malaria”可知，Yashaswi Bista在参加了一门全球健康入门课程后，受到激励，决定采取行动对抗疟疾。由此可知，是一次学习经历激励Bista采取行动对抗疟疾。故选A。 √ 2．What did Bista do to support malaria prevention? A．She organized a charity sale. B．She launched a research project. C．She campaigned for fundraising. D．She budgeted for malaria treatment. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Stanford SupplyHer...hosted an event...to encourage funding for malaria prevention, treatment and research initiatives”可知，Bista所在组织Stanford SupplyHer与UBM组织合作举办活动，呼吁为疟疾的预防、治疗及研究计划提供资金。因此，Bista为资金筹集开展了活动。故选C。 √ 3．What is the message Maegan Cross intends to convey? A．Community voices secure health funding. B．Malaria outbreaks are difficult to prevent. C．The public needs more knowledge about health. D．Individual efforts matter in government decisions. 推理判断题。根据第四段中Maegan Cross所写的内容“It's easy for people to feel like they are powerless...But any person can give input to their decision makers...”和“By sending messages to your elected officials...you are making sure your voice is heard.”可知，面对重大的问题，人们很容易感到无能为力，但每个人都可以就这些重大问题向决策者表达自己的看法，通过向官员发送信息，你能确保自己的呼声被听到。由此推断，Maegan Cross想要传达的信息是个人的努力在政府的决定中很重要。故选D。 √ B Watching the disastrous fires across southern California，many wonder if the complex, diverse ecosystems of the region can possibly recover from this disaster.The short answer is yes.However, the process is not simple.More recently, it has also become apparent that our rapidly changing climate is changing the stages of recovery, and humans can help the process. Fire is a natural part of ecosystem cycles.After a fire, there is an open parcel of land that, to the human eye, is similar to a wound on the land.To many species, though, it is an opportunity：no competition for resources and no predators (食肉动物).A lack of competition after fire opens a new space in the ecosystem for increased diversity.This new beginning is known as ecological succession (生态演替). Land conditions after a fire depend on the intensity of the fire：how hot it burned and how far it spread.In the early days of ecosystem recovery, burnt landscapes are taken over by strong microorganisms and tough plants.These initial explorers use the nutrients in the soil to allow more plants to expand.After a disaster, the strong plants and young trees that make up the forest's lower layer are often the most noticeable sign of recovery.These typically fast-growing species require a lot of sunlight, and expand in areas where there are no tall trees to shade them out. Animals will not return until plants have returned, and it is typically small animals who return to an area first.Lots of habitat and few predators attract small animals like mice, insects, and birds.Once the small animals have established a stable population and are doing well in the area, predators gradually follow. Though all ecosystems are constantly changing, the sign that an ecosystem has reached a point of “health” is biodiversity.Humans can assist in this process by introducing relevant species to the area through community planting efforts and distribution of beneficial pioneer species.As the threat of climate change continues to hang over us, we must support affected ecosystems in recovery instead of dismissing their natural cycles. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了火灾后生态系统的恢复过程及人类在其中的作用。 4．What do we know about“ecological succession”in paragraph 2? A．It destroys the diversity of species. B．It keeps predators active in the area. C．It leads to fierce competition for resources. D．It creates opportunities for new life to grow. 细节理解题。根据第二段“To many species ...This new beginning is known as ecological succession (生态演替).”可知，生态演替为新生命的生长创造了机会。故选D。 √ 5．What is the first sign of ecosystem recovery after a fire? A．Large trees growing back. B．Animal species returning. C．The return of fast-growing plants. D．The return of predators to the area. 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a disaster...and expand in areas where there are no tall trees to shade them out.”可知，火灾后生态系统恢复的第一个迹象是快速生长的植物的回归。故选C。 √ 6．Why are predators the last to return to burned areas? A．They are attracted by human activity. B．They prefer areas with abundant food. C．They need plants to return first for shelter. D．They have to adapt to the dry environment. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Animals will not return until plants have returned...and are doing well in the area, predators gradually follow.”可知，捕食者需要以植物为基础的食物链和栖息地先恢复，小型动物回归并稳定后才会有足够的猎物，因此它们最后返回。捕食者最后一个回归的原因是它们更喜欢食物丰富的地区。故选B。 √ 7．What does the author think of human involvement in ecosystem recovery? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Humans can assist in this process...instead of dismissing their natural cycles.”可知，作者对人类参与生态系统恢复持支持态度。故选A。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) A potentially dangerous situation turned into evidence of preparedness and quick action in Cleveland Heights when a school bus caught fire on the way to Monticello Middle School.Thanks to the 1 response of the bus driver, all 15 students on board were safely 2 without injury. The incident occurred at the intersection of Cambridge and Northampton roads when a fire broke out behind one of the back wheels of Bus 21.The driver immediately 3 the danger and guided the students off the bus, 4 their safety.Another district driver in the area quickly stepped in to transport the students to school. Officer Liz Kirby 5 her relief that no one was hurt and praised both the driver and the students for their 6 and orderly response. “First and foremost, I can't describe how 7 I am that no one was hurt, and I am 8 grateful for the quick response from the driver，”she said.“I spoke with the driver today, and they 9 the full preparation to the annual bus emergency drills that drivers do with students.” While the driver has chosen to remain nameless, their actions were widely 10 ． School administrators, counselors, social workers, and staff at Monticello Middle School were prepared to support students upon 11 ， to make sure they felt safe and 12 after the incident. An 13 into the fire's cause is ongoing in cooperation with the Cleveland Heights Fire Department and the Ohio State Highway Patrol.Thanks to the driver's 14 actions：what could have been a 15 ended with everyone safe and sound. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一辆校车在前往蒙蒂塞洛中学途中起火，由于司机反应迅速，车上15名学生全部安全撤离，未造成人员受伤的事件。 1．A． sudden B．risky C．generous D．rapid 根据下文“all 15 students on board were safely without injury”可知，车上15名学生全部安全转移，没有受伤，这说明了司机的反应是“迅速的”。故选D项。 √ 2．A．residents B．foreigners C．athletes D．volunteers 根据下文“but also the innocent animals caught in the disaster.”以及常识可知，救援人员是在拯救居民。故选A。 √ 3．A．left behind B．picked out C．taken away D．dressed up 根据下文“because it was too scared to get aboard the transport truck”可知，这匹马被主人遗弃了。故选A。 √ 4．A．angry B．crazy C．curious D．concerned 根据上文“After finding the horse still at the farm”可知，Kalyna变得非常关心这匹马。故选D。 √ 5．A．observing B．selling C．mounting D．raising 根据下文“leading it to safety.”可知，Kalyna决定骑上这匹马。故选C。 √ 6．A．alarm B．push C．force D．guide 根据下文“sometimes ____， other times walking or jogging beside it”可知，Fedorowycz试图引导这匹马离开。故选D。 √ 7．A．lying B．climbing C．riding D．flying 根据上文“____ the horse”可知，Fedorowycz有时骑马。故选C。 √ 8．A．roughly B．gently C．rapidly D．suddenly 根据上文“because it was too scared to get aboard the transport truck.”可知，马已经受到了惊吓，所以Fedorowycz轻轻地抚摸着马的脖子。故选B。 √ 9．A．calm B．comforted C．anxious D．upset 根据下文“patiently”可知，Fedorowycz保持冷静。故选A。 √ 10．A．suggested B．predicted C．commented D．warned 根据上文“One TikTok user”可知，这位用户是在评论。故选C。 √ 11．A．challenging B．interesting C．confusing D．profitable 根据下文“attempts difficult”可知，这样的事情具有挑战性。故选A。 √ 12．A．pity B．respect C．care D．curiosity 根据上文“This was so brave”可知，这位用户对Fedorowycz表示尊重。故选B。 √ 13．A．exploration B．rebuilding C．training D．rescue 根据上文“Though many people do their best to save them, the creatures might get so scared that they run away”可知，救援尝试变得困难。故选D。 √ 14．A．regularly B．positively C．hardly D．seriously 根据上文“these fires”可知，烟雾会严重影响它们的健康。故选D。 √ 15．A．generosity B．pride C．determination D．admiration 根据上文“After finding the horse still at the farm, Kalyna became ____ about it.”可知，Fedorowycz的决心拯救了这匹马。故选C。 √ 阶段测评(三) 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共15个小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel：01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish.We also have the Stewart Museum, a children's playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms.Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open：10：00 am to 5：30 pm Prices：Adults ￡4.65, Seniors ￡3.95, Children￡2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel：01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors.The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft(工艺)and local history exhibitions which change every month. Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Prices：Adults ￡4.65, Seniors ￡3.95, Children￡2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel：01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors.The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft(工艺)and local history exhibitions which change every month. Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel：01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire's most attractive houses.We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children's play area, and a café & gift shop.Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open：11：30 am to 3：30 pm Prices：Adults￡8.00, Seniors￡6.00, Children￡3.00 Bridlington Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel：01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment.It offers daily shows of pig racing.We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun filled day out for families. Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm Prices：Adults￡4.50, Seniors￡4.00, Children￡3.50 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。介绍了东约克郡四个旅游胜地。 1．Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A．Goole Museum. B．Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C．Sledmere House. D．Bridlington Animal Park. 细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位至 Goole Museum下的“The temporary exhibition gallery...every month”可知，临时展览馆有各种各样的艺术品、工艺和当地历史展览，每月都会更换。故选A项。 √ 2．What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A．Feed a wide range of animals. B．Watch a band concert on Sunday. C．Explore the history of the town. D．Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 细节理解题。根据 Sledmere House下的内容“Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons”可知，在星期四下午有管风琴曲表演。故选D项。 √ 3．What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Animal Park? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A．￡2.50. B．￡3.00. C．￡3.50. D．￡4.00. 细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位于 Bridlington Animal Park 下的“Prices：Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00，Children ￡3.50”，可知孩子如果去Bridlington Animal Park 的话需要付3.5英镑。故选C项。 √ B Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface(BCI).The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) which leads to the gradual loss of mobility and speech.It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer.The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movements.BCI technology can restore communication for those affected.In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system.Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying，“My past condition was so demoralizing．Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped.Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.” The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr.Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis(瘫痪)communicate.In July 2023, the UC Davis Health team implanted a BCI device into Harrell's brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech.The system translates brain activity into phonemes(音素)and words, enabling real-time communication.Harrell's BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS.This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way. Harrell used the system for over 248 hours, and the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6%accuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes and 90.2% accuracy for a 125，000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology，”Brandman said.“It provides hope for people who want to speak but can't.”Dr.John Ngai, director of the National Institutes of Health's BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。BrainGate研究中心研发出突破性脑机接口(BCI)技术，旨在帮助渐冻症等疾病患者恢复交流能力。文章以 Harrell为例，阐述了该技术的效果、临床试验过程以及取得的显著成果，相关专家对这项技术给予了高度评价。 4．What do we know about the BrainGate BCI? A．It is used to treat speech disabilities. B．It translates brain signals into speech. C．It helps people with ALS move and speak. D．It connects brains to make computers smarter. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer”可知，该技术使用植入的传感器在用户试图说话时解读大脑信号，并将其转化为文本，然后由计算机大声朗读出来。这是将大脑信号转化为语音的过程。故选B。 √ 5．What does the underlined word“demoralizing”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Discouraging. B．Demanding. C．Comforting. D．Eye-opening. 词义猜测题。画线词描述的是Harrell过去的情况，根据画线词后的“Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped”可知，对Harrell来说，不能交流就好像被困住了。由此可以推断之前不能交流的状况是让人感到沮丧/消沉的。discouraging“令人失去信心的，使人气馁的，使人泄气的”符合题意。故选A。 √ 6．Why was the speech composed in Harrell's pre-ALS voice? A．To enable his communication in real time. B．To make his speech emotionally meaningful. C．To improve the accuracy of speech translation. D．To help interpret his brain signals more easily. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Harrell's BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own...This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way”可知，用患病前的声音能让他以一种更私人的方式与所爱的人联系，也就是让他的语音在情感上更有意义，故选B。 √ 7．What is Dr.John Ngai's attitude towards the BrainGate BCI? A．Favourable. B．Unclear. C．Cautious. D．Dismissive. 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Dr.John Ngai...highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis”可知， Dr.John Ngai强调这一里程碑是为瘫痪患者恢复沟通的重要一步。由此可以推断出他对这项技术持积极支持的态度。故选A。 √ C In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.Those who read an article that had“just the facts”preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation—meaning it specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts. For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride(氟化物) in water.The students then read two articles：one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease.The participants all read the same misinformation, but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional “just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation.The study also tested the effects of having the participants read the correct article before, or after, the misinformation. A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions—but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text.Those who had read the refutation article either before, or after, the misinformation had fewer misconceptions.They also had more positive emotions toward the subject. With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for many people to sort fact from falsehood.This can cause a problem called“conceptual pollution”—when learning incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information.“Your mind doesn't discriminate contents.Whether it's a correct conception or a misconception, it just absorbs it，”Danielson, a psychology researcher, says.Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation.This study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective.Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究案例来说明不同信息的呈现方式对纠正错误认知的效果。 8．What do we know about the student participants in the study? A．They were divided into two groups. B．They got misinformation first. C．They were shown the right information. D．They read the same two articles. √ 细节理解题。文章第一段介绍了研究结果，第二段解释研究过程。根据第二段中的“The students then read two articles：one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease”可知，参与的学生阅读了两篇文章：一篇包含虚假信息，另一篇则提出了科学观点。第二段末句“The study also tested the effects of having the participants read the correct article before, or after, the misinformation”提到，研究还测试了让参与者在阅读错误信息之前或之后阅读正确文章的效果。由此可知，实验过程中，虽顺序不同，但学生参与者都阅读了正确的信息。故选C。 9．In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles? A．Misinformation first, then refutation. B．“Just the facts” first, then misinformation. C．Refutation first, then misinformation. D．Misinformation first, then “just the facts”． 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a‘just the facts’type text”可知，表现最差的小组是先看到了错误信息，然后阅读了“仅事实”类型的文本。故选D。 √ 10．What does the underlined word“noise”probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Correction. B．Disturbance. C．Occurrence. D．Comprehension. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Your mind doesn't discriminate contents.Whether it's a correct conception or a misconception, it just absorbs it”可知，你的大脑不会对内容进行区分，无论是正确的概念还是误解，它都会吸收。所以研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息的“noise”的方式来教授科学， noise应是与disturbance“干扰”意义相近。故选B。 √ 11．How does the text develop? A．Fact—Contrast—Explanation—Expectation B．Introduction—Process—Result—Conclusion C．Background—Problem—Analysis—Solution D．Topic—Classification—Discussion—Outcome 文章结构题。文章共有四段，首段以研究结论引入话题；第二段介绍实验过程；第三段介绍实验结果；第四段分析原因，得出结论(最后两句)。故选B。 √ D During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are“most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题，积极倡导和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。 12．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A．Unkind. B．Lonely. C．Generous. D．Cool. 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes...”，根据句意和sharing 一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。 √ 13．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The classification of the popular. B．The characteristics of adolescents. C．The importance of interpersonal skills. D．The causes of dishonorable behavior. 段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号)，可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用“The likables'...”和“Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence...”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。故A项能概括本段大意。故选A。 √ 14．What did Dr.Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids? A．They appeared to be aggressive. B．They tended to be more adaptable. C．They enjoyed the highest status. D．They performed well academically. 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究发现，讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。故选B。 √ 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last B．The Higher the Status, the Better C．Be the Best—You Can Make It D．More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的Be Nice与likability, popularity, kindness等词相呼应。Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为善”。这里的finish本义是“获得(名次)；排名”。故选A。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect those who are more capable, more skilled or more successful than us？1( ) A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how kindergartners in the U．S.and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others.2( ) Chinese children often expressed respect for high achievers and a desire to imitate their success.In contrast, U.S.children's stories typically focused on negative reactions, including envy and being left out. The findings reflect the cultural narratives(叙述)surrounding achievement in each society.In American culture, the “self” is defined by qualities and abilities, which are largely fixed.Thus, while the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one's own lack of ability.3( ) As a result, Chinese children tend to view others' achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement. 4( ) In China, students' overall performance may be publicly recognized to encourage success and motivate further improvement.Teachers even invite outstanding graduates to share their experiences and lessons with current students to promote learning.In the U.S.，such phenomena are less common as they can be seen as threats to self-esteem. Ultimately, our perceptions and reactions to others' success are profoundly shaped by cultural narratives surrounding achievement.5( ) These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or inspired, fearful or respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others. A．It can be a source of motivations. B．These cultural differences extend to educational practices. C．Education facilitates personal growth and social progress. D．They influence our motivations, relationships and actions. E．Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content. F．Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions and actions. G．However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。布朗大学研究发现，中美幼儿园孩子讲述同伴成就故事时反应不同，这源于两国文化差异。这种差异延伸至教育实践，且文化叙述深刻影响着人们对他人成功的看法和反应等。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect those who are more capable, more skilled or more successful than us？1( ) 前文提出两个当他人更优秀时我们应有何种反应的问题。F选项“不同的反应会导致建设性或破坏性的反应和行动”直接回应了前面的问题，同时自然地引出下文对中美儿童不同反应的具体阐述。F项中的“Different responses”与开头的问题中所涉及的不同感受和态度相呼应，“constructive or destructive reactions and actions”则与后文研究中中美孩子不同的表现及潜在影响相契合，故选F项。 F．Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions and actions. A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how kindergartners in the U．S.and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others.2( ) Chinese children often expressed respect for high achievers and a desire to imitate their success.In contrast, U.S.children's stories typically focused on negative reactions, including envy and being left out. 空后明确阐述了中国孩子和美国孩子在讲述关于表现优秀的同伴的故事时的不同表现：中国孩子表达尊重和模仿愿望，美国孩子则聚焦负面反应。E选项“两个群体都讲述了详细的故事，但在内容上显示出明显的差异”精准概括了后文即将呈现的这种差异，故选E项。 E．Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content. The findings reflect the cultural narratives(叙述)surrounding achievement in each society.In American culture, the “self” is defined by qualities and abilities, which are largely fixed.Thus, while the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one's own lack of ability. 3( ) As a result, Chinese children tend to view others' achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement. 前文着重介绍了美国文化中对“自我”及他人成就的看法，即他人成就反映自身能力不足。而空后表明中国孩子对他人成就的不同看法，倾向于将其视为学习和自我提升的机会。G选项“然而，中国文化强调能力和品质可以通过努力得到提升”符合语境。故选G项。 G．However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts. 4( ) In China, students' overall performance may be publicly recognized to encourage success and motivate further improvement.Teachers even invite outstanding graduates to share their experiences and lessons with current students to promote learning.In the U.S.，such phenomena are less common as they can be seen as threats to self-esteem. 空后详细说明了中美在教育实践中对学生成就的不同处理方式，中国通过公开认可、邀请优秀毕业生分享经验等促进学习，美国则因担心威胁自尊较少有此类现象。B选项“这些文化差异延伸到了教育实践中”最能概括本段内容，故选B。 B．These cultural differences extend to educational practices. Ultimately, our perceptions and reactions to others' success are profoundly shaped by cultural narratives surrounding achievement.5( ) These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or inspired, fearful or respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others. 前文强调关于成就的文化叙述对我们看待他人成功的影响，后文进一步说明这些叙述决定了我们面对他人成功时的感受和反应。所以推测此处应该也在描述文化叙述对我们的影响，D选项“它们影响我们的动机、关系和行动”符合语境。其中的They指代上文的“cultural narratives”，故选D项。 D．They influence our motivations, relationships and actions. Ⅲ.语法填空(本题共10个小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台)，Henry ran one hundred metres，jumped over a 1.2-metre fence，and held out his arms to catch the 1 (fall) child. Eric Brown，only three years old，knocked Henry down when he fell.The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK. 考查非谓语动词。句中的held out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用动词-ing形式作定语。故填falling。 falling 2 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident，Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 3 (sleep) while watching TV. 考查冠词。设空处要填冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the＋姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，符合句意。同时该单词位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。 考查形容词。设空处应该填形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“入睡”，故填asleep。 The asleep Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony，and climbed up 4 (see) them. When he looked down，he 5 (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 考查非谓语动词。句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们)，故应该使用不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 考查副词。设空处应该填副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 to see accidentally He hung on for a few minutes 6 screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him. 考查连词。设空处应该填连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 and Henry 7 (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly 8 (throw) his tools aside，and started running，arms out. 考查谓语动词。设空处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的“when he heard the screams”可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 考查并列谓语动词。设空处与空后的“and started”构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去式为threw。故填threw。 was fixing threw “He saved my 9 (son) life，”said Mrs.Brown.“I don't know 10 to thank him.” “I just didn't want the boy to be hurt，”said Henry. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是正在修车的Henry救了挂在六楼公寓阳台上即将要掉下去的小孩Eric的故事。 考查名词所有格。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son's。 考查“从句引导词＋不定式结构”。设空处是宾语从句的省略结构，考查引导词；根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 son's how 谢 谢 观 看 WELCOME UNIT $