Unit 8 Make a difference Section A 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦“志愿服务与社会影响”主题，系统梳理Unit 8 Section A核心内容。涵盖18个主题词汇（含音标、词性、词义及词形拓展），16个功能短语（如make a difference to、volunteer to do sth.），重点语法为现在完成时（for/since辨析及延续性动词转换），构建从词汇积累到语法应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“主题引领—语言建构—能力应用”逻辑展开，词汇拓展（如donate→donation）提升语言能力，语法中延续性动词转换（如buy→have）训练思维品质，分层习题（词义辨析、语法专项）培养学习能力，助力学生在真实情境中理解并运用语言，落实新课标核心素养要求。

2024八下Unit 8 Make a difference Section A 单词 音标 词性 词义 词形变化/拓展 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n./v. 志愿者；自愿做 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/ n. 参观者；来访者 visit v./n. 参观；拜访 elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的 the elderly 老年人（复数概念，无比较级） organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织；团体；机构 organize v. 组织 donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠物；捐赠 donate v. 捐赠；赠送 shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所；居所 animal shelter 动物收容所 youth /juːθ/ n. 青年；青年时期 young adj. 年轻的 active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的 activity n. 活动；act v. 行动 owner /ˈəʊnə(r)/ n. 主人；物主 own v./adj. 拥有；自己的 warmly /ˈwɔːmli/ adv. 热情地；温暖地 warm adj. 温暖的；warmth n. 温暖 raise /reɪz/ v. 筹集；举起；抚养 raise money（筹钱，本节高频课标词） charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善；慈善机构 charity activity（慈善活动） sign /saɪn/ n./v. 标识；签字 sign up（报名（志愿活动）） notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ n./v. 通知；注意到 put up notices（张贴通知） fix /fɪks/ v. 修理；修补 fix up（修理（房屋 / 物品，课标短语词）） broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破损的 break（v. 打破 (过去式 broken)） train /treɪn/ v./n. v. 培训 n. 火车 train sb to do（培训某人做…） excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adj. 兴奋的 excite（v. 使激动；exciting 令人兴奋的） 短语 释义 短语 释义 make a big/great difference to sb./sth. 对……产生很大影响 volunteer at/in... 在……做志愿者 make no difference to sb./sth. 对……没有影响 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 clean up 打扫干净；清理 care for = look after 照顾；照料 give directions 指路；指引方向 care about 关心（内心情感） visit the elderly 探访老人 give out=hand out 分发 sort waste 垃圾分类 fix up 修理（坏掉的东西） plant trees 植树 put up 张贴（通知 / 海报） raise money for… 为…… 筹钱 on one’s own = by oneself 独自 sign up for 报名参加 help out 帮忙解决困难 语法：现在完成时（重点辨析for & since） 一. 基本结构 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 二. 核心用法 表示动作过去发生，持续到现在，大概率继续持续 for + 时间段：表动作持续多久（for 2 years / for a month） since + 过去时间点：自从某个时间开始（since 2023 / since last week） since + 一般过去时从句：自从某件事发生以来 三. 重难点：延续性动词转换 for/since 连用的句子中，禁止使用短暂性动词，必须转换为对应延续性动词： 短暂性动词（不可连用for/since） 对应延续性动词（可连用） 正确例句 buy 购买 have 拥有 I have had this book for two years. leave 离开 be away 离开 He has been away from school for 3 days. die 死亡 be dead 去世 The cat has been dead since last winter. join 加入 be in 加入 She has been in the volunteer club for a year. start/begin 开始 be on 进行 The show has been on for ten minutes. 四. 问答句型 — How long have you been a volunteer? 你做志愿者多久了？ — I’ve been a volunteer for two years / since 2022. 五、重点句型与交际用语 1. What can we do to help? 我们能做些什么来帮忙？ 2. I want to volunteer as a guide. 我想做导游志愿者。 3. It’s a good way to make a difference. 这是产生影响的好方式。 4. Volunteering is meaningful and helpful. 志愿服务意义非凡、助人利己。 六、易错点 1. elderly 无比较级、最高级，the elderly 表复数含义（老年人），不能说 elder people。 2. make a difference 固定搭配：后接to，make a difference to sb./sth. 3. for+时间段、since+时间点/过去式从句，二者不可混用。 4. 现在完成时表持续状态时，绝对不能用短暂性动词，必须转换延续性动词。 专项练习题 专项一：词义&短语辨析题 一.单项选择 1. We should ______ the old and the sick in our daily life. A. care about B. care for C. look for D. look at 2. Small kind acts can ______ a great difference ______ our community. A. make; to B. take; to C. make; for D. take; for 3. He doesn’t ______ money, but he always helps poor people. A. care for B. care about C. wait for D. look after 4. Many young people ______ to help clean the park every weekend. A. volunteer B. organize C. donate D. visit 5. The animal ______ takes care of homeless dogs and cats. A. shelter B. organization C. youth D. activity 6. She has been ______ in all kinds of volunteer activities. A. warm B. active C. elderly D. own 7. You can finish the work ______ if you try your best. A. on your own B. by you C. of your own D. for yourself 8. Please help ______ the books to the students. A. give up B. give out C. give in D. give off 9. We need to ______ the street before the festival comes. A. clean up B. clean out C. take up D. put up 10. His ______ comes from his hard work and kindness. A. donation B. volunteer C. warmth D. direction 二.用短语的适当形式填空 make a difference, clean up, care for, give out, volunteer to 1. Everyone can _________________ to the world with small good deeds. 2. The students _________________ their classroom after school every day. 3. She _________________ help the elderly in the nursing home every month. 4. Nurses are busy _________________ sick people day and night. 5. They will _________________ leaflets（传单）to call on people to protect the environment. 专项二：语法专项练习题 一.用 for 或 since 填空 1. I have learned English _________ six years. 2. He has lived here _________ 2019. 3. She has been a volunteer _________ she was fourteen. 4. They have stayed in the park _________ two hours. 5. My mom has worked in this hospital _________ ten years ago. 6. We have known each other _________ a long time. 7. The boy has played basketball _________ last summer. 8. This shop has been open _________ 5 months. 9. I have kept this book _________ three days. 10. He has helped the homeless kids _________ he finished school. 二.根据句意，用正确的延续性动词形式改写句子 1. He left Beijing three days ago. He ________ ________ ________ ________ Beijing for three days. 2. I bought this pen last year. I ________ ________ this pen for a year. 3. The dog died two weeks ago. The dog ________ ________ ________ for two weeks. 4. She joined the club in 2022. She ________ ________ ________ the club since 2022. 5. The movie started ten minutes ago. The movie ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 6. My brother arrived here yesterday. My brother ________ ________ here for one day. 7. They borrowed the book a week ago. They ________ ________ the book for a week. 8. I got to know him two years ago. I ________ ________ him for two years. 9. The shop closed last month. The shop ________ ________ ________ for a month. 10. He came to China in 2020. He ________ ________ in China since 2020. 三. 句型转换 1. I have been a volunteer for 3 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ you been a volunteer? 2. She has volunteered here since 2021.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ here since 2021. 3. They cleaned up the park just now.（改为现在完成时） They ________ ________ up the park already. 4. He has finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句） ________ he ________ his homework? 5. Tom joined the music club two years ago.（同义句转换） Tom ________ ________ ________ the music club for two years. 四. 语法单选 1. — How long ______ you ______ in this city? — For five years. A. do; live B. have; lived C. did; live D. will; live 2. My grandfather ______ for over ten years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. was dead 3. She ______ a volunteer since she ______ middle school. A. is; finished B. has been; finished C. was; finishes D. has been; finishes 4. — Have you ever helped the elderly?— ______. I often visit them on weekends. A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven’t C. Yes, I do D. No, I don’t 5. We can’t leave now. The meeting ______ for 20 minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. begins 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $