2027年高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专题 词+词义猜测题课件+讲义

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读基本能力培养与词句猜测题，依据高考评价体系梳理词汇障碍扫除（4种方法）和猜测题（5种解法）核心考点，通过近三年全国卷真题分析，明确单词、短语、句子猜测题型占比，构建系统备考框架，体现针对性与实用性。 课件亮点为“方法引领+真题实战+素养提升”，如用构词法（派生、合成）和逻辑法（因果、转折）突破2025全国一卷“champion”熟词生义，培养语言能力与思维品质。含“易错点警示”和“答题模板”，助学生掌握技巧，教师可精准教学，高效冲刺高考。

阅读专题 ☞ 词 → 4方法扫除障碍词 ☆ 方法一：人名地名某某名，快速略过 (2025·全国二卷阅读A篇) Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. ☆ 方法二：全然陌生障碍词，巧用逻辑 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇) He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. ☆ 方法三　熟词探源引生义, 借助语境 (2025·全国一卷阅读C篇) Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion“New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. ☆ 方法四　长难单词巧拆解，善用构词法 派生法: 由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法 (2025·全国一卷阅读B篇) As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. 转化法: 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法（一词多义，一词多性） (2025·全国一卷阅读A篇) Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. (2023全国甲卷 B篇) She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” (2023全国甲卷 B篇) Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. （2023年天津卷第一次高考） After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. 合成法: 由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新单词的方法 (2025·全国一卷阅读B篇) For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis(论文,论点). The breathtaking scenery and unique local culture we experienced during the journey were truly mind-blowing, leaving every traveler deeply shocked and impressed. ☆ 词义猜测题 ☞ 考向1 考查猜测单词意思 1.（浙江省强基联盟高三上学期12月联考） Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset(子集) of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale. Q．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect. 2. （2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考） After the plane landed, I immediately read the critique myself, which was harsh and thorough, pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of my work. I was depressed, wondering what this would mean for my career. Q．What does the underlined word “fallout” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame. 3.（2026·浙江一月高考 阅读C篇） When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. Q：What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 4. With the popularity of digital reading, more and more people are choosing to read e-books instead of paper books. However, some experts worry about the impact of excessive screen time on people’s eyesight and concentration. A recent study shows that long-term exposure to electronic screens can lead to eye strain, headaches, and even decreased attention spans. To address this problem, many tech companies have developed “eye-friendly” e-readers that reduce blue light emission. These devices are designed to mimic the texture of real paper, making digital reading more comfortable and less harmful to the eyes. The introduction of such e-readers has alleviated many people’s concerns about digital reading. Q：What does the underlined word “alleviated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Increased B. Relieved C. Ignored D. Strengthened 5.【西南大学附中2026模拟 阅读D篇】 The findings were surprising. First, participants were only in a worse mood when they acknowledged feeling hungry, rather than simply when they had lower blood sugar levels. Second, the study highlighted the critical role of a psychological concept called “interoception” — the brain’s ability to perceive internal physical sensations. The underlined word “interoception” most probably means ______. A. external perception B. emotional control C. the ability to sense internal body signals D. blood sugar regulation 6.【湖南师范大学附属中学2026二模 阅读B篇】 Cui’s dedication began in high school through volunteer work, leading her to study special education. Her travels with physically-challenged friends during university revealed how everyday obstacles like small steps became significant barriers. This inspired her long-term goal of an accessible hotel. As a practical start, she transformed her apartment’s first floor into this inclusive guesthouse in 2023. The underlined word “inclusive” most probably means ______. A. expensive B. exclusive C. welcoming to all, especially the disabled D. temporary 考向2 考查猜测短语的意思 （2024新高考全国1卷，C篇） When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 能力篇　阅读之基本能力培养 词 —— 4方法扫除障碍词 目录 方法一　人名地名某某名, 快速略过 如果在阅读中遇见人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种名、机构组织名等,我们不需要弄明白其具体意思,可以根据上下文将其转换为“某人”“某地”“某组织”“某作品”等,加快阅读速度。这些词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。 Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (2025·全国二卷阅读A篇) 某地(Hereford),某地(Herefordshire) 某地(Hereford)自1189年以来一直是一个热闹的集镇。 绕着城镇广场，你会发现温馨的商店、餐馆和某博物馆 (the Black and White House Museum)。某大教堂(The Hereford Cathedral)是镇上最宏伟的建筑。它也是一个古老图书馆的所在地。 某文献(the Magna Carta)的四个原始副本之一就陈列在此处。 skirt n.裙子 v.环绕；绕开 eatery n.小饭馆 be home to ...的所在地/家园 方法二　全然陌生障碍词,巧用逻辑 如果在阅读中遇到纯粹的生词或生僻短语, 我们可以借助上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义, 常见的方法有利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义; 借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义; 通过因果、转折关系猜测词义; 根据所举的例子反推词义。 He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇) “holistic”medicine表示将传统的西方疗法与针灸、按摩疗法和草药 相结合的 “全面” 疗法。 针灸 方法三　熟词探源引生义, 借助语境 课标词汇数量是有限的, 但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有限制的, 命题者会在试题中使用一些学生熟悉的单词, 但其含义是较为陌生的, 需要学生结合语境仔细推敲来确定。 Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (2025·全国一卷阅读C篇) champion的熟义：___________ 生义：_________________ n.冠军 得体的，像样的，相当不错的 n.警报(器)；惊恐,惊慌 n.拥护者 v.支持，捍卫 She was a champion of the poor all her life. 发起一场运动 高速公路 Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇) condition的熟义：___________ 生义：_________________ n.状况 n. 疾病 ease v.缓解 n.轻易；舒适 方法四　长难单词巧拆解, 善用构词法 派生法: 由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法 (2025·全国一卷阅读B篇) As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. persuade (v.说服) + -ive (形容词后缀 )→ persuasive adj.有说服力的 构词法 针对超纲生词、派生词，无需死记硬背，通过拆分单词结构快速推断词义，节省解题时间。 重点牢记高频前缀、词根、后缀，结合语境验证含义： ① 前缀：un-（否定，unhappy“不开心的”）、 unpack(打开包裹) mis-（错误，misunderstand“误解”）、 over-（过度，如overwork“过度工作”）、 under-（不足，如underestimate “低估”）； outnumber ② 后缀：-able（可……的，如unidentifiable“无法辨认的”）、、-tion（名词后缀）、-ful（充满…的，如helpful“有帮助的”）、 -less（无……的，如homeless“无家可归的”） 数量上比...多 转化法: 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法 　　(2025·全国一卷阅读A篇) Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. adj.高能效的，节能的 adj.固态的 charge v.充电； 指控； 收费；猛冲；掌管/负责；使充满...情感 n. 充电；收费；指控；猛冲； He plugged his razor in to recharge it. We needed the break in order to recharge. v.给...充电 v.使恢复精力 (2023全国甲卷 B篇) She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” (2023全国甲卷 B篇) Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 使个性化 charge v.充电； 指控； 收费；猛冲；掌管/负责；使充满...情感 n. 充电；收费；指控；猛冲；掌管/负责 v.重画；重刷油漆 lead the charge带头，主导 （2023年天津卷第一次高考） After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. 冲进.... charge v.充电； 指控； 收费；猛冲；掌管/负责；使充满...情感 n. 充电；收费；指控；猛冲；掌管/负责 合成法: 由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新单词的方法 　　(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇) For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative① unit followed by a creative-writing② workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis(论文,论点). ① personal (个人的) + narrative (叙述的,故事体的) → personal-narrative 个人叙事的 ② creative (有创造力的) + writing(写作) → creative-writing 创意写作; 创造性写作 The breathtaking scenery and unique local culture we experienced during the journey were truly mind-blowing, leaving every traveler deeply shocked and impressed.. mind (思想,头脑) + blow (吹；打击) + -ing(形容词后缀) →　　　　　　　　　　　　　   adj.令人惊叹的 adj.令人兴奋的，给人深刻印象的 我们在旅途中所经历的令人叹为观止的风景和独特的当地文化确实令人叹为观止，让每个旅行者都深深震撼和印象深刻。 eg: Watching your baby being born is a mind-blowing experience. Practice! 根据语境和构词法写出加黑单词的词性和汉语意思 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D) document n.文件, (计算机)文档 →　　　　　　　　　　　　  v.记录, 记载 阅读专题 阅读理解之词句猜测题 稿定PPT 稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你 02 知识构建 稿定PPT 稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你 02 知识构建 考向 1 考查猜测单词意思 1.（浙江强基联盟高三上学期12月联考） Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural(神经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale. 29．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect. v.记录, 记载 考向 1 考查猜测单词意思 1.（2024·浙江省强基联盟高三上学期12月联考） Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale. 29．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect. 【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Sperm whales have complex social groups. ...For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. ...individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale.(抹香鲸有复杂的社会群体。……二十年来，科学家们记录了两个抹香鲸群，捕捉到它们的咔哒声。在手动解码一些声音后，他们转向人工智能来加快翻译速度。……从声音子集中（）单个鲸鱼。接下来，他们雄心勃勃的目标是训练一台计算机说鲸鱼语。)”可知，该团队利用AI来将个体抹香鲸(的声音)与一个子集的声音分辨开来，由此可知，discern意为“识别”，与B项“Recognize”意思接近。故选B项。 2.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考） After the plane landed, I immediately read the critique myself, which was harsh and thorough, pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of my work. I was depressed, wondering what this would mean for my career. What does the underlined word “fallout” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame. n.评论(文章) 刺耳的 彻底的 缺点 迅速的 激烈的 大量的 3.（2026·浙江一月高考 阅读C篇） When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. Q：What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. n.可信度 fake adj.假冒的 v.冒充，伪造 冷静的 (报刊上的)评论 漫长的 辱骂的/虐待的 有洞察力的/ 有深刻见解的 With the popularity of digital reading, more and more people are choosing to read e-books instead of paper books. However, some experts worry about the impact of excessive screen time on people’s eyesight and concentration. A recent study shows that long-term exposure to electronic screens can lead to eye strain, headaches, and even decreased attention spans. To address this problem, many tech companies have developed “eye-friendly” e-readers that reduce blue light emission. These devices are designed to mimic the texture of real paper, making digital reading more comfortable and less harmful to the eyes. The introduction of such e-readers has alleviated many people’s concerns about digital reading. What does the underlined word “alleviated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Increased B. Relieved C. Ignored D. Strengthened 4. 过度的 5.【西南大学附中2026模拟 阅读D篇】 The findings were surprising. First, participants were only in a worse mood when they acknowledged feeling hungry, rather than simply when they had lower blood sugar levels. Second, the study highlighted the critical role of a psychological concept called “interoception” — the brain’s ability to perceive internal physical sensations. The underlined word “interoception” most probably means ______. A. external perception B. emotional control C. the ability to sense internal body signals D. blood sugar regulation 心情更糟 v.强调 低血糖水平 批判的；关键的 6.【湖南师范大学附属中学2026二模 阅读B篇】 Cui’s dedication began in high school through volunteer work, leading her to study special education. Her travels with physically-challenged friends during university revealed how everyday obstacles like small steps became significant barriers. This inspired her long-term goal of an accessible hotel. As a practical start, she transformed her apartment’s first floor into this inclusive guesthouse in 2023. The underlined word “inclusive” most probably means ______. A. expensive B. exclusive C. welcoming to all, especially the disabled D. temporary 奉献 身体残疾的 可进入的 考向 2 考查猜测短语意思 （2024新高考全国1卷，C篇）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 阅读策略 破折号的基本使用思路：破折号后接的内容核心作用为对前文内容的具体阐释、举例或补充说明； 两个破折号之间：插入补充 / 举例（like identifying the main idea in a reading passage）→ 可略读 两个破折号之后：主句剩余核心内容（to ones that require mental abstraction）→ 重要信息，必须读。 单破折号之后：补充解释 / 举例（such as drawing inferences from a text）→ 可略读 like prep.___________和 such as _______，都是在给出具体的事例。是为了帮助读者更好地理解语句内容，也可以直接忽略。 像、类似 例如 小结：划掉破折号后的举例内容，剩下的就是本句核心意思。 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 短语知识 print reading _____________ digital reading ______________ shine through _____________________ from A to B ________（专门用来表示时间、位置、阶段、状态等内容的变化） pose simple tasks__________________ identify the main idea ___________ drawing inferences ___________ 纸质阅读 数字阅读 闪耀光芒、大放异彩、清晰可见 从A到B 识别主旨 提出简单任务 作出推断 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 中文翻译 当实验者从提出简单任务——比如识别阅读文章的主旨——转向需要智力抽象概念的任务——比如从文本中推断结论时， 纸质阅读的优势尤为明显。 Thanks！ 本 讲 内 容 结 束 目录 $