专题02 语法填空（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪教版

**基本信息** 聚焦语法填空核心考点，通过基础巩固与强化提高两级模块，以多样主题语篇系统覆盖动词时态语态、非谓语动词等语法知识，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础巩固|4篇|语法填空（10空/篇）|覆盖动词时态、非谓语、代词、连词等基础语法点，语篇主题贴近生活，由易到难构建语法应用逻辑| |强化提高|3篇|语法填空（10空/篇）|深化复杂句式及时态语态综合运用，语篇涉及文化、科技等跨领域主题，提升语法知识迁移能力|

专题02 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 【基础巩固】 （一） Going Hungry in the Land of the Rich The United States is one of the world’s wealthiest countries. Despite this, many Americans struggle just to put healthy food, or any food at all, on the table every day. One might think that a food shortage (21) _________ (happen) in America, but this is not the case. There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of (22) ________ is unfortunately, wasted every day. There are many different ways food (23) ________ (waste): farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren’t made on time, supermarkets throw out extra products, customers buy more than they need, and so on. The highest level of wastage tends to happen in the richest communities. Meanwhile, people who live in poor or rural areas often have little or no access to food. These areas are called “food deserts.” They have fewer supermarkets, and the only food options that they (24) ________ afford are often unhealthy ones. Healthy foods (25) ________ ________ fresh fruits and vegetables may be impossible to find. Sadly, 12.8% of the American population live in food deserts. What can we do to help (26) ________ who don’t have enough food? Shirley and Annie Zhu came up with a solution. In 2017, when Hurricane Harvey destroyed over 100,000 homes in their city, Houston, the sisters got involved. (27) _______ helping to clear water from a flooded supermarket, they saw a huge amount of food being wasted. At the same time, thousands of people in the city didn't have enough (28) ________ (eat). The girls set up Fresh Hub with 10 of their classmates, (29) ________ (hope) to do something to help. They created an app which could be used by residents to find out (30) _______ fresh food was available. Then they contacted local farmers and supermarkets to ask for their extra food. To date, Fresh Hub has delivered more than 15,000 pounds of food to people in need. （二） Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ___21___ (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B ___22___ running into trouble. When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust ___23___ you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And ___24___ walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness. Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force ___25___ (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls. It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that ___26___ (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone. Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, ___27___ (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data ___28___ (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones. If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting ___29___ at some risk. So how do you stay safe? If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ____30____ accidents are more likely to occur. （三） Preserving Foods Early humans had to rely on the environment to find food. Men hunted animals or caught fish, while women gathered fruits and roots. However, if the food was not eaten quickly, it would spoil and no longer be safe to eat. The lack of knowledge about ____1____ to preserve food made it difficult to store enough to eat later. Today, there are many preservation techniques, some of ____2____ date back thousands of years. One of the ____3____ (early) discoveries was the use of cooling to preserve meat. Early hunters would drag large animals to caves, where they stayed cool. The meat ____4____ (store) in the cool caves could be eaten for days, even weeks, without going bad. In colder climates, the meat would freeze and last for months. These early hunters did not understand bacteria, which cause food to spoil. They didn't know that cooling and freezing slowed bacterial growth. In warmer regions, early humans found that ____5____ (dry) food kept it from spoiling. They discovered that bacteria couldn't grow without moisture (水分) . Dried meats and fruits could last for extended periods, which was essential in areas where refrigeration was not available. ____6____ humans transitioned from hunting to farming, preserving food became even more important. Farmers relied on various methods to preserve their harvests. They salted meat, smoked it over fires, and preserved vegetables in vinegar or oil. Different cultures ____7____ (develop) unique preservation techniques: Koreans made kimchi, Germans made sauerkraut, and during the winter, preserved foods were crucial ____8____survival. Over the centuries, the ways of preserving food advanced. In the 19th century, the canning process ____9____ (introduce). By sealing food in glass jars or metal cans and boiling them to kill bacteria, food could be stored safely for long periods. Later, the invention of refrigeration in the20th century revolutionized food storage, keeping food fresh for much longer. Today, we use a combination of these methods, from freezing and canning to drying and salting, _____10_____ (ensure) that food lasts longer and remains safe to eat. （四） How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. 【强化提高】 （一） By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time, he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page-turner. “___21___ not being a trained musician, I’ve learned to read music to assist Maria in her performance.” Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but ___22___ (act) as the group’s official page-turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score. In this way, the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it ___23___. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage. Being a page-turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music ___24___ go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 pages of turns, including back turns for repeat passages. ___25___ matters is onstage communication. Each pianist has their own style of “nodding” ___26___ ( indicate) a page turn that they need to practise with their page-turner. But like all performances, there are moments ___27___ things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.” ___28___ most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. “Sometimes my husband is not an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, ___29___ (feel) every note, but I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Robert is ___30___ (qualified) page-turner I’ve had in my entire life.” （二） Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning ___1___ paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and ___2___ (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___ (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield ___4___ (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when ___5___ (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from ___6___ (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they ___7___ be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example ___8___ it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying ____9____it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ____10____,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” （三） Frybread In one version of his 1996 song “Frybread”, rock artist Keith Secola sang: “You can’t do much with sugar, flour, lard and salt. But you can add one fundamental ingredient: love.” Since its creation in the 1800s, the subject of Secola’s song, frybread, ___1___ (become) a culturally significant comfort food within local communities across Canada and America. The taste, colour and size of these fried dough (生面团) discs differ across the continent, with each family and community adding their own touch. One online comment says, “Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread ___2___ never be made by anyone else in the world.” ___3___ the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt, ___4___ are mixed together into a dough ball using water, milk or buttermilk. After letting it rise, the ball ___5___ (divide) into pieces, rolled into discs and then fried until bubbly, golden and crispy. Even though widely loved, there is no denying that the treat is heavily loaded with calories — one piece of 500 calories and 20 grams of fat. Besides, it is also a painful symbol of survival. One origin story says the bread was first made by the Diné. In 1864, the Diné were forced to leave their traditional homeland in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico and walk the nearly 500-kilometre journey, ___6___ (know) as the Long Walk. Hundreds of them died of starvation along the way. ___7___ among the cheap ingredients, was given to them by the U.S. government as daily rations was wheat flour previously unknown to them. As the legend goes, the Diné fried the often spoiled flour to kill off parasites (寄生虫). Today, a food-valuing movement, ___8___ (aim) to bring back traditional diets, is booming. However, the diets don’t include frybread. “There is no oral tradition ___9___ (teach) about frybread,” wrote Devon A. Mihesuah, a historian as well as a professor at the University of Kansas. ____10____ ________ ________the future holds for frybread, it will always stand as proof to the adaptability of those native communities. As an enduring food, frybread has demonstrated its lasting significance. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 【基础巩固】 （一） Going Hungry in the Land of the Rich The United States is one of the world’s wealthiest countries. Despite this, many Americans struggle just to put healthy food, or any food at all, on the table every day. One might think that a food shortage (21) _________ (happen) in America, but this is not the case. There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of (22) ________ is unfortunately, wasted every day. There are many different ways food (23) ________ (waste): farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren’t made on time, supermarkets throw out extra products, customers buy more than they need, and so on. The highest level of wastage tends to happen in the richest communities. Meanwhile, people who live in poor or rural areas often have little or no access to food. These areas are called “food deserts.” They have fewer supermarkets, and the only food options that they (24) ________ afford are often unhealthy ones. Healthy foods (25) ________ ________ fresh fruits and vegetables may be impossible to find. Sadly, 12.8% of the American population live in food deserts. What can we do to help (26) ________ who don’t have enough food? Shirley and Annie Zhu came up with a solution. In 2017, when Hurricane Harvey destroyed over 100,000 homes in their city, Houston, the sisters got involved. (27) _______ helping to clear water from a flooded supermarket, they saw a huge amount of food being wasted. At the same time, thousands of people in the city didn't have enough (28) ________ (eat). The girls set up Fresh Hub with 10 of their classmates, (29) ________ (hope) to do something to help. They created an app which could be used by residents to find out (30) _______ fresh food was available. Then they contacted local farmers and supermarkets to ask for their extra food. To date, Fresh Hub has delivered more than 15,000 pounds of food to people in need. 【答案】 21. is happening 22. which 23. is wasted 24. can 25. such as 26. those 27. While/When 28. to eat 29. hoping 30. whether/if/what/where 【导读】文章大意: 本文讲述了美国作为一个富裕国家，许多美国人每天都在努力为自己摆上健康食物甚至任何食物。然而，事实并非如此。美国拥有足够的食物供应，但每天有40%的食物被浪费掉。导致食物浪费的原因有很多，包括农民只选择外观最好的农作物，送货不准时，超市扔掉多余的产品，顾客购买超过需求的食物等等。 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：有人可能会认为美国正在发生食物短缺，但事实并非如此。根据句子结构和上下文，happen是宾语从句谓语动词，表示“现在正在发生”的事情，用现在进行时，从句主语a food shortage，从句谓语单数形式。故填is happening。 【22题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：每个人都有足够的食物，不幸的是，每天有40%的食物被浪费。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词food指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【23题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：食物浪费的方式有很多：农民只挑选最好看的作物，没有按时送货，超市扔掉多余的产品，顾客买的比他们需要的多，等等。分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句谓语动词的填入，从句主语food和从句谓语动词waste为被动关系，结合该句句意可知，应为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时，从句主语不可数名词，从句谓语单数形式。故填is wasted。 【24题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：他们的超市更少，他们唯一能负担得起的食物选择往往是不健康的。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用情态动词can，表示“能够”，强调穷人和农村地区经常无法支付健康食品的价格。故填can。 【25题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：像新鲜水果和蔬菜这样的健康食品可能是不可能找到的。此处需要使用介词短语“such as”，表示“例如”，用来列举健康食品的例子。故填such as。 【26题详解】 考查代词。句意：我们能做些什么来帮助那些没有足够食物的人呢？根据上下文句意可知，此处应为代词those表示“那些”没有足够食物的人，为限制性定语从句who don’t have enough food的先行词。故填those。 【27题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：在帮助清理被洪水淹没的超市的水时，他们看到了大量被浪费的食物。首字母大写，根据句意，此处需要使用时间状语从句省略句的连词，表示“当……的时候”，可用连词While或When引导。故填While/When。 【28题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：与此同时，城市里成千上万的人没有足够的食物。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用不定式形式作后置定语，表示“吃的东西”。故填to eat。 【29题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：女孩们和她们的10个同学一起建立了Fresh Hub，希望能做点什么来帮助别人。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，hope和逻辑主语The girls为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填hoping。 【30题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他们开发了一个应用程序，居民可以用它来查找是否有新鲜食物/居民可以使用它来了解有什么新鲜食物/居民可以使用它来了解哪里有新鲜食物。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用宾语从句的引导词，该空可表示“是否”，用whether/if引导宾语从句；也可用连接代词what作定语，修饰名词短语fresh food，表“什么新鲜食物”；还可用连接副词where在从句中作地点状语，表“哪里”。故填whether/if/what/where。 （二） Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ___21___ (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B ___22___ running into trouble. When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust ___23___ you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And ___24___ walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness. Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force ___25___ (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls. It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that ___26___ (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone. Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, ___27___ (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data ___28___ (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones. If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting ___29___ at some risk. So how do you stay safe? If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ____30____ accidents are more likely to occur. 【答案】21. were absorbed 22. without 23. how 24. if##since 25. placed 26. to get 27. have passed 28. extending 29. yourself 30. where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在任何一个拥挤的人行道上，你都会看到人们低下头，眼睛向下看。最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。 【21题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。短语be absorbed in表示“全神贯注于……”，此处主句found可知为一般过去时，从句用一般过去时，主语为a quarter of people，谓语用复数。故填were absorbed。 【22题详解】 考查介词。句意：它还会改变你的情绪，你走路的方式等等，并影响你从A点到B点而不遇到麻烦的能力。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不”应用介词without。故填without。 【23题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：当你一边走路一边使用手机时，你会自动调整你的移动方式。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故填how。 【24题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如果/既然步行占你日常体育活动的很大一部分，那么走得慢一点可能会对你的健康产生影响。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if；或理解为原因状语从句，表示“既然”用since。故填if/since。 【25题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：走路时低头看智能手机也会增加施加在脖子和上背部肌肉上的力量，这会降低平衡能力，增加跌倒的风险。此处place与force构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填placed。 【26题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看来，为了获得这些好处，你的注意力应该放在环境上，而不是手机上。此处get在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to get。 【27题详解】 考查时态。句意：一些城市，如檀香山，已经通过了法律来控制分心的行人。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时，主语为cities，助动词用have。故填have passed。 【28题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用2011年至2019年政府数据，发现了近3万起由手机引起的步行损伤。此处extend与date构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填extending。 【29题详解】 考查代词。句意：如果你被手机分散了注意力，你肯定会把自己置于危险之中。结合语境，此处指“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 【30题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如果你一边走路一边使用电子设备，在楼梯、人行横道和杂乱或不平整的地面附近停下来，因为这些地方更容易发生事故。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 （三） Preserving Foods Early humans had to rely on the environment to find food. Men hunted animals or caught fish, while women gathered fruits and roots. However, if the food was not eaten quickly, it would spoil and no longer be safe to eat. The lack of knowledge about ____1____ to preserve food made it difficult to store enough to eat later. Today, there are many preservation techniques, some of ____2____ date back thousands of years. One of the ____3____ (early) discoveries was the use of cooling to preserve meat. Early hunters would drag large animals to caves, where they stayed cool. The meat ____4____ (store) in the cool caves could be eaten for days, even weeks, without going bad. In colder climates, the meat would freeze and last for months. These early hunters did not understand bacteria, which cause food to spoil. They didn't know that cooling and freezing slowed bacterial growth. In warmer regions, early humans found that ____5____ (dry) food kept it from spoiling. They discovered that bacteria couldn't grow without moisture (水分) . Dried meats and fruits could last for extended periods, which was essential in areas where refrigeration was not available. ____6____ humans transitioned from hunting to farming, preserving food became even more important. Farmers relied on various methods to preserve their harvests. They salted meat, smoked it over fires, and preserved vegetables in vinegar or oil. Different cultures ____7____ (develop) unique preservation techniques: Koreans made kimchi, Germans made sauerkraut, and during the winter, preserved foods were crucial ____8____survival. Over the centuries, the ways of preserving food advanced. In the 19th century, the canning process ____9____ (introduce). By sealing food in glass jars or metal cans and boiling them to kill bacteria, food could be stored safely for long periods. Later, the invention of refrigeration in the20th century revolutionized food storage, keeping food fresh for much longer. Today, we use a combination of these methods, from freezing and canning to drying and salting, _____10_____ (ensure) that food lasts longer and remains safe to eat. 【答案】1. how 2. which 3. earliest 4. stored 5. drying 6. As##When 7. developed 8. for 9. was introduced 10. to ensure 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类保存食物技术的发展过程。 【1题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：由于缺乏保存食物的知识，很难储存足够的食物供以后食用。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，表示“如何”用how。故填how。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：今天，有许多保存技术，其中一些可以追溯到几千年前。“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词techniques，作介词of的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【3题详解】 考查最高级。句意：最早的发现之一是使用冷却来保存肉类。根据上文“One of the”以及句意“最早的”可知用最高级earliest。故填earliest。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：储存在凉爽洞穴里的肉可以吃上几天，甚至几周，而不会变质。句中已有谓语动词could be eaten，空处应用非谓语动词，此处store与meat构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填stored。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在温暖的地区，早期人类发现晾干食物可以防止变质。空处是从句主语，表示一般动作或状态，应用所给动词dry“(使)变干”的动名词形式drying作主语。故填drying。 【6题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当人类从狩猎过渡到农耕时(随着人类从狩猎过渡到农耕)，保存食物变得更加重要。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”或“随着……”用when或as，首字母大写。故填As/When。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：不同的文化发展出了独特的保存技术：韩国人做泡菜，德国人做酸菜，在冬天，保存食物对生存至关重要。空处是句子的谓语动词，句子描述的是过去的情况，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填developed。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：不同的文化发展出了独特的保存技术：韩国人做泡菜，德国人做酸菜，在冬天，保存食物对生存至关重要。短语be crucial for表示“对……至关重要”。故填for。 【9题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在19世纪，罐头工艺被引入。主语process与谓语introduce构成被动关系，根据上文时间状语In the 19th century可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was introduced。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，我们使用这些方法的组合，从冷冻和罐装到干燥和腌制，以确保食物保存更长时间并保持食用安全。此处ensure作目的状语，用不定式。故填to ensure。 （四） How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. 【答案】1. which 2. an 3. both##either 4. whatever##what 5. more genuinely 6. to copy 7. because##as##since 8. used 9. choose 10. having read##reading 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在追求时尚的同时保护环境，给出了一些具体的建议和措施。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是因为时尚产业依赖于不断变化的潮流，这意味着你必须不断消费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，买一大堆你不需要的东西，比如新衣服，对环境是有害的。此处是固定搭配：an awful lot of意为“大量”。故填an。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：即便如此，你仍然可以采取一些措施来实现这两个目标。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处用固定搭配：both of意为“两个都”或者either of意为“任何一个”符合语境。故填both或者either。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：首先，与其根据时尚界的说法选择衣服，不如选择自己的风格。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可用what引导，也可用whatever（无论什么）引导。故填what或者whatever。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你这样做，你会看起来更有个性，也可能更有型。根据前文more like以及and可知，前后为并列成分，所以也用比较级。故填more genuinely。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：模仿时尚杂志上的造型并不需要任何风格感，但发展自己的风格当然需要。此处是“It+及物动词+宾语+to do”结构，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to copy。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：你会发现你买的衣服少了，因为它们不是每周都在流行和过时，这有助于环境。根据句意，空处引导原因状语从句，可用because，as或者since引导。故填because或者as或者since。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，棉花是一种特别肮脏的作物，它的生产方法会破坏当地的环境。此处是with引导的复合结构，methods和use之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。 【9题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你想避免以这种方式增加土壤和水污染，只需选择有机材料。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填choose。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但我们希望，在读完这篇文章后，你会意识到你的选择可能对我们这个星球的健康产生的影响。本句已有谓语动词，所以read用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，还可理解为动作发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式。故填having read或者reading。 【强化提高】 （一） By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time, he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page-turner. “___21___ not being a trained musician, I’ve learned to read music to assist Maria in her performance.” Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but ___22___ (act) as the group’s official page-turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score. In this way, the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it ___23___. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage. Being a page-turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music ___24___ go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 pages of turns, including back turns for repeat passages. ___25___ matters is onstage communication. Each pianist has their own style of “nodding” ___26___ ( indicate) a page turn that they need to practise with their page-turner. But like all performances, there are moments ___27___ things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.” ___28___ most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. “Sometimes my husband is not an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, ___29___ (feel) every note, but I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Robert is ___30___ (qualified) page-turner I’ve had in my entire life.” 【答案】21. Despite 22. has acted##has been acting 23. themselves 24. can##may##might 25. What 26. to indicate 27. when 28. Although##Though##While 29. feeling 30. the most qualified 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是欧米茄集团的主席Robert Titterton作为钢琴翻页者的趣事。 【21题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管我不是一个训练有素的音乐家，但我学会了读谱来帮助玛丽亚表演。由句意及空后的not being a trained musician可知此处应填介词despite，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Despite。 【22题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：蒂特顿先生是欧米茄集团的主席，但在过去的四年里，他一直是欧米茄集团的官方翻页者。空处为谓语动词，由时间状语for the past four years可知此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示“过去动作对现在造成的影响”或者“过去的动作持续到现在而且还将继续持续下去”。故填has acted/has been acting。 【23题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：这样，音乐家们就不必自己动手来破坏声音的流动。由句意及空前的the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it 可知此处应填反身代词themselves，指代the musicians ，作宾语。故填themselves。 【24题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：有些音乐（可能）长达40分钟，需要翻唱多达50页，包括重复段落的翻唱。由句意此处表示 “（可）能 ”，应用表示推测的情态动词can/may/might。故填can/may/might。 【25题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：重要的是台上的交流。此处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 【26题详解】 考查不定式。句意：每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”的风格来表示他们需要用翻页器练习的翻页。空处应填非谓语动词，由句意此处应填不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to indicate。 【27题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但就像所有的表演一样，也有出错的时候。此处为定语从句，先行词为moments，从句缺少时间 状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 【28题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大多数翻页者都是钢琴学生或崭露头角的音乐会钢琴家，但拉斯波娃女士曾经请她的丈夫在舞台上帮助她。由句意此处为让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，应用引导词Although/Though/While。故填Although/Though/While。 【29题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他对音乐很感兴趣，感受每一个音符，但我不得不说:“翻，翻！”她笑着说。空处为非谓语动词，He 与feel之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动，作伴随状语。故填feeling。 【30题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：“但罗伯特是我这辈子遇到的最合格的翻页者。”由句意及空后的I’ve had in my entire life可知此处意为“最合格的”，应用形容词最高级形式the most qualified。故填the most qualified。 （二） Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning ___1___ paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and ___2___ (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___ (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield ___4___ (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when ___5___ (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from ___6___ (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they ___7___ be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example ___8___ it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying ____9____it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ____10____,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” 【答案】1. which 2. produces 3. to manage## to be managed 4. are credited##were credited 5. fed 6. being given## given 7. must 8. if##when 9. what 10. themselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主因机器学习领域贡献获奖，并讨论了AI风险。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们因在机器学习领域的根本性发现而闻名，这为今天人工智能的使用奠定了基础。根据空前are和空后paved可知，空处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为their fundamental discoveries，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：软件接收数据，根据明确描述进行处理，并产生结果。根据空前and可知，空处为谓语动词，和receive并列，表示一般事实，需用一般现在时，主语为The software，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。故填produces。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在机器学习中，计算机通过示例学习，使其能够解决通过逐步指令无法管理的过于复杂的问题。根据空前are too complicated可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，固定搭配be complicated to do sth.“做某事是复杂的”，可填to manage,也可以构成固定搭配too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，修饰problems，problems和manage之间为被动关系，需用to be managed。故填to manage/to be managed。 【4题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Hinton和Hopfield因使用物理学工具推动该领域的基础研究而受到赞誉。根据空前主语Hinton and Hopfield可知，空处需用谓语动词作谓语，既可指陈述现在事实，需用一般现在时，也可指陈述过去事实，需用一般过去时，主语为Hinton and Hopfield，为复数形式，谓语需用复数形式，和主语之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填are credited/were credited。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1982年，Hopfield开发了一种神经网络模型，今天被称为Hopfield网络，用于描述当大脑接收到部分信息时如何回忆记忆，这与你的大脑记住舌尖上的单词的方法相似。根据空前when可知，此句为when引导时间状语从句的省略句，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，when引导的从句中主语为the brain，和feed之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填fed。 【6题详解】 考查形容词或动名词。句意：它可以学习——不是从指令中学习，而是从给出的例子中学习。根据空前from和空后examples可知，空处需用形容词作名词examples的定语，需用given，意为“特定的”。也可看成动名词，作介词from的宾语，与examples为被动关系，应用被动语态，需用being given。故填being given/given。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：想象一下，当你遇到朋友的兄弟姐妹时，你肯定可以立刻看出他们有亲戚关系。根据空前they和空后be可知，空处需用情态动词must表示“肯定”。故填must。 【8题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：同样地，Boltzmann机器可以识别一个全新的例子，如果它属于训练材料中找到的一个类别。根据空前can和空后belongs可知，空处需用从属连词引导状语从句，根据句意可知，空处需用从属连词if/when表示“如果/当……时”。故填if/when。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他说他离职是因为他想能够分享他对人工智能风险的担忧，而不必担心这会对他的雇主意味着什么。根据空前worrying和空后would可知，空处引导宾语从句，作worrying的宾语，从句中缺少 mean的宾语，指物，需用连接词what。故填what。 【点睛】考查代词。句意：Hinton在2023年的一次采访中说：“这些系统可能失控的方式之一是通过编写自己的计算机代码来修改自己。”根据空前modify可知，空处需用代词作modify的宾语，指代前面提到的computer code，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 （三） Frybread In one version of his 1996 song “Frybread”, rock artist Keith Secola sang: “You can’t do much with sugar, flour, lard and salt. But you can add one fundamental ingredient: love.” Since its creation in the 1800s, the subject of Secola’s song, frybread, ___1___ (become) a culturally significant comfort food within local communities across Canada and America. The taste, colour and size of these fried dough (生面团) discs differ across the continent, with each family and community adding their own touch. One online comment says, “Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread ___2___ never be made by anyone else in the world.” ___3___ the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt, ___4___ are mixed together into a dough ball using water, milk or buttermilk. After letting it rise, the ball ___5___ (divide) into pieces, rolled into discs and then fried until bubbly, golden and crispy. Even though widely loved, there is no denying that the treat is heavily loaded with calories — one piece of 500 calories and 20 grams of fat. Besides, it is also a painful symbol of survival. One origin story says the bread was first made by the Diné. In 1864, the Diné were forced to leave their traditional homeland in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico and walk the nearly 500-kilometre journey, ___6___ (know) as the Long Walk. Hundreds of them died of starvation along the way. ___7___ among the cheap ingredients, was given to them by the U.S. government as daily rations was wheat flour previously unknown to them. As the legend goes, the Diné fried the often spoiled flour to kill off parasites (寄生虫). Today, a food-valuing movement, ___8___ (aim) to bring back traditional diets, is booming. However, the diets don’t include frybread. “There is no oral tradition ___9___ (teach) about frybread,” wrote Devon A. Mihesuah, a historian as well as a professor at the University of Kansas. ____10____ ________ ________the future holds for frybread, it will always stand as proof to the adaptability of those native communities. As an enduring food, frybread has demonstrated its lasting significance. 【答案】1. has become 2. can 3. Despite 4. which 5. is divided 6. known 7. What 8. aiming 9. to be taught 10. No matter what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了油炸面包在美国和加拿大的文化意义，它不仅是社区的安慰食物，还承载了纳瓦霍族人在艰难历史中的生存故事，尽管其营养价值不高，但作为一种文化象征，它展示了土著社区的适应能力。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自19世纪诞生以来，Secola这首歌的主题“油炸面包”已经成为加拿大和美国当地社区具有重要文化意义的安慰食物。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Since its creation in the 1800s”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has become。 【2题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：一条网上评论说：“你妈妈或你阿姨做的油炸面包永远不可能是世界上其他人做的。”空处和be made构成谓语，应用情态动词，结合“never be made by anyone else in the world”可知，此处指“不可能是世界上其他人做的”，应用表示可能性的情态动词can。故填can。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管种类繁多，但大多数版本都有一些共同点。空后为名词the variety，结合“most versions have a few things in common”可知，此处含让步关系，空处应用意为“尽管”的介词despite，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Despite。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最基本的配料是面粉、发酵粉或苏打粉和盐，用水、牛奶或酪乳混合成一个面团球。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面提到的各种配料作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：发面后，球被分成几块，卷成圆片，然后炸至起泡、金黄、酥脆。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常的做法，时态应用一般现在时，divide“（使）分开”和主语the ball之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is divided。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在1864年，纳瓦霍族人被迫离开他们传统的家乡亚利桑那州东部和新墨西哥州西部，走了近500公里的旅程，被称为“漫长的步行”。句子主干成分完整，空处作journey的非限制性后置定语，know“把……看作是，将……称为”和journey逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用know的过去分词形式。故填known。 【7题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：在美国政府提供给他们的廉价食材中，有一种是他们以前不知道的小麦粉。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“wheat flour”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，一场旨在恢复传统饮食的重视食物的运动正在蓬勃发展。句子主干成分完整，空处作movement的非限制性后置定语，aim“旨在”和movement逻辑上是主动关系，且动作在进行中，因此用aim的现在分词形式。故填aiming。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“没有关于油炸面包的口述传统可以传授，”历史学家、堪萨斯大学教授Devon A. Mihesuah写道。空处作tradition的后置定语，teach“教授”和tradition逻辑上是被动关系，且动作未发生，因此用teach的不定式被动语态。故填to be taught。 【10题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：不管油炸面包的未来如何，它将永远是这些土著社区适应能力的证明。逗号的前后句之间是让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句，holds缺少宾语，宾语指物，不含选择范围，因此no matter what来引导，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填No matter what。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $