内容正文:
英语八年级下册期末语法复习练习卷(人教版)
知识点1:动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语
①作目的状语,表示“为了……”,常放在句末;如需表强调时,也可以放在句首,要用逗号分隔
例1(选择题):We should do what we can ________ the hunters from ________ the animals.
A.to prevent; to kill B.prevent; to kill
C.prevent; kill D.to prevent; killing
例2(单词拼写题):In the village, the students go on a ropeway ________ (across) the river to school.
②作原因状语,表示产生某种情感或状态的原因,常放在happy、sorry、glad等词后
例(选择题):
I was very happy ______ the good news that our school won the basketball match.
A.hear B. hearing C. to hear D. to hearing
③作结果状语,常用的结构有too+形容词/副词+to do sth.(否定结果)
形容词/副词+enough+to do sth. (表示肯定结果)
例(选择题):The little boy is ______ young ______ look after himself.
A. so; that B. too; to C. enough; to D. such; that
④动词不定式作宾语补足语,用于表示宾语的状态、特性、身份等,构成“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结构
常见的可以接带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词:allow、expect、encourage、want、ask、teach、choose、tell、advise、invite、would like等,否定形式为not to do。
常见的可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾补的动词包括感觉动词(see、hear、notice、feel、listen to等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。
例1(选择题):The teacher encouraged us ________ our own ideas about after-school activities.
A.express B.to express C.expressing D.expressed
例2(选择题):We saw the volunteers ________ books to the children in the countryside yesterday.
A.give B.to give C.gives D.given
知识点2:单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
例(选择题):______ English aloud every morning is a good way to improve your speaking skills.
A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. To reading
知识点3:情态动词should与could的用法
情态动词should后街动词原形,表示建议;否定形式为should not/should’t,表示“不应当;不该”。
与could相比,should提建议的语气相对更直接、更强烈,常带有一种责任或义务感;could语气更温和,更侧重于给出一种可行的选择。
例1(选择题):— I really love candy. I eat it every day.
— You ______ eat too much candy. It’s bad for your teeth.
A. should B. could C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
例2(选择题):— I don’t know how to improve my English.
— You ______ listen to English songs or watch English movies. They really help.
A. should B. must C. could D. had to
知识点4:反身代词的用法
反身代词表示“……自己;本身”,具体用法如下:
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself我自己
yourself你自己
himself他自己
herself她自己
itself它自己
复数
ourselves我们自己
yourselves你们自己
themselves他/她/它们自己
例(单词拼写题):I can finish my homework by ________ (我自己).
知识点5:although引导让步状语从句
although表示“虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前面,也可放在主句后面。
例1(单词拼写题):A the girl is very young, she can speak several foreign languages.
例2(单词拼写题):A she is busy, she always makes time for her family.
知识点6:until引导时间状语从句
until表示“直到……为止;到……时”,引导时间状语从句,常放在主句之后,也可放在主句之前。如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
例1(单词拼写题):Let’s wait u the rain stops.
例2(单词拼写题):The game will start u everyone is ready.
知识点7:so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句
so that表示“为了,以便”时,引导状语从句,一般放在主句后,不用逗号隔开。
so that表示“因此,所以”时,引导结果状语从句,其前面可用逗号隔开。
例1(选择题):I didn’t realize he was a famous scientist _______ you told me.
A.because B.since C.so that D.until
例2(单词拼写题):I bought a map I wouldn’t get lost in the city.
知识点8:so…that…结构
表示“如此……以至于……”,that引导结果状语从句,句型为“主句主语+主句谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”。
例(单词拼写题):Japanese people are so polite they always pay attention to the angle of the bow according to different situations.
知识点9:形容词与副词比较级与最高级的变化规则
单音节词和部分双音节词:
①一般在词尾加-er或-est
②以字母e结尾的词,直接加-r或-st
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y变成i,在加-er或-est
④重度闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写这个辅音字母,在家-er或-est
多音节词和部分双音节词:在词前面加more或most
常见的不规则变化的词有:
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
例1(选择题):China's Fendouzhe dived __________ into the Mariana Trench in 2020.
A.deep B.deeper C.deepest D.the deepest
例2(选择题):Facing difficulties is one of ________ ways to learn and become stronger.
A.good B.better C.the better D.the best
例3(单词拼写题):Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first _________ _________ in 1876.
知识点10:unless引导条件状语从句
unless用作连词,表示“除非;如果不”,引导条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或者谓语中有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
例(单词拼写题):U_________ we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.
知识点11:过去进行时
①表示:在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发送的动作
②构成:was/were+动词-ing
③基本句式:
(肯定句)主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他
(否定句)主语+wasn’t/was not+动词-ing+其他
(一般疑问句)Was/Were+主语+动词-ing+其他,肯定回答用Yes,主语+was/were;否定回答用No,主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not).
例1(选择题):—I phoned you last night, but you weren’t in.
—I ________ coffee with my cousin.
A.had B.was having C.will have
例2(选择题):—Where did you find Tom just now?
—He ________ on the grass in the park, reading The Little Prince.
A.lie B.lay C.lied D.laid
知识点12:现在完成时
①表示:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常和just、already、ever、before、so far等时间状语连用
现在完成时的谓语构成:助动词have/has+过去分词
句型:(肯定句)主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
(否定句)主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
(一般疑问句)Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?→肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.→否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn't.
(特殊疑问句)疑问词+have/has(+主语)+过去分词+其他?
②表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用,如“for+时间段”“since+ 时间点”,时间点可以是具体的时间、一般过去时的句子,也可以是“一段时间+ ago””。
例1(选择题):— ________ you ever read a book about Chinese history?
— Yes, I have. It’s very interesting.
A.Have B.Do C.Did D.Will
例2(选择题):My grandparents ________ in the countryside for 50 years. They love living there.
A.live B.lived C.have lived D.are living
例2(单词拼写题):Jack’s grandparents ________ (buy) this box since it appeared ten years ago.
练 习
一、选择题:
1.—________?
—I feel short of breath and very uncomfortable.
A.What’s the matter B.What’s the wrong
C.What are you doing D.What’s trouble
2.She doesn’t collect coins. ________, she collects beautiful stones from different places.
A.Because B.Instead C.Also D.However
3.You’d better not go to school if you have the flu, or you’ll ________ it to others.
A.spread B.suffer C.expect D.avoid
4.He regrets ________ computer games all day. It’s bad for his studies.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
5.—When did you finish ________ the room?
— At about 4:00 p.m. We were about ________ home when it rained.
A.cleaning; going B.cleaning; to go
C.to clean; going D.to clean; to go
6.You shouldn’t spend ________ time on computer games. It’s bad for your eyes.
A.too many B.much too C.too much D.many too
7.Julia didn’t leave her office ________ the police arrived.
A.since B.if C.until D.while
8.My dad told me ________ too hard, or I would feel tired.
A.not push B.to not push C.not to push D.don’t push
9.The movie was ________ boring ________ I left the cinema halfway.
A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to D.enough; to
10.—Why do you like reading the news online?
—News covers many different subjects, and it is useful for the ________ for politics (政治) exam.
A.condition B.preparation C.situation D.direction
11.The submarine remained underwater for hours and finally ______ near the coast.
A.sank B.dived C.surfaced D.disappeared
12.You ________ eat too much sweet food, or you will have a toothache.
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
13.—What do you ________ the natural wonder?
—It’s fantastic.
A.think up B.think of C.think over D.think for
14.________ is polite to hold chopsticks correctly and avoid sticking them into rice.
A.That B.This C.It D.There
15.— How long have you had the bike?
— I ________ it since I was six years old.
A.bought B.have bought C.have had D.had
16.We should learn to ________ the beauty of nature.
A.appreciative B.appreciation C.appreciating D.appreciate
17.—What’s your attitude towards difficulties in life?
—I believe that a strong ________ can help me overcome them.
A.willing B.will C.meaning D.meaningful
18.She ________ on the beach and enjoyed the sunshine yesterday.
A.lie B.lay C.laid D.lied
19.He told his teammates that he ________ the rare plant species in the rainforest the following month.
A.will search for B.searches for
C.would search for D.has searched for
20.The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are used to ________ them through PPTs.
A.write; showing B.writing; show
C.write; show D.writing; showing
二、单词拼写题:
21.He ________ (relax) by doing yoga every morning to start a good day.
22.A: We decided ________ (visit) the museum this weekend.
B: That sounds fun! I hope ________ (learn) something new there.
23.He felt blue after ________ (fail) the exam, but he tried again.
24.It’s important to express your ________ (feel) in a healthy way, like talking to friends.
25.Our teacher speaks ________, so we can understand quite well.(clear)
26.When she woke up, her leg still ________ (流血).
27.We ________ (not realize) the importance of cultural respect until we encountered some embarrassing cross-cultural incidents.
28.Hainan is in the _______(south) part of China. It's a good place to have fun.
29.—Whose bags are they? —They are those ________ (play).
30.Since two years ago, our school _________ (have) an interesting reading club.
三、语法选择题
第一篇:
Last Friday evening, a terrible storm hit our city. I 31 doing my homework in my room at that time. My parents 32 watching TV in the living room. Suddenly, the lights went out with a loud sound. The wind 33 hard and the rain beat heavily against the windows. We heard loud thunder and saw bright lightning in the dark sky.
My little sister was very scared and started 34 . My mother hugged her and told her not to be afraid. My father tried to find a flashlight, but he couldn’t find it anywhere. The storm 35 for about an hour. During that time, we sat together in the dark and talked quietly to calm down.
When the storm stopped, the lights came back on. We found that a big tree in front of our house 36 down. The street was covered with broken leaves and small branches. But luckily, no one in our family 37 hurt in this terrible storm.
This experience told me that nature’s temper is sometimes very terrible. We should learn to protect ourselves 38 natural disasters. We also need to know some safety knowledge. It can help us keep safe when a storm or earthquake 39 . And it’s also 40 to prepare some emergency things at home, like flashlights and water.
31.A.am B.was C.were
32.A.are B.was C.were
33.A.blow B.blew C.is blowing
34.A.cry B.to cry C.cried
35.A.lasted B.last C.lasts
36.A.fall B.fell C.falls
37.A.is B.was C.were
38.A.from B.to C.for
39.A.happen B.happens C.happened
40.A.important B.unimportant C.interesting
第二篇:
Volunteering has become 41 important part of many teenagers’ lives. An increasing number of students choose to spend their spare time 42 people in need. Last year, our school started a regular volunteer programme at a local elderly care home. 43 part in this activity requires patience, kindness, and a willingness to help 44 .
In the beginning, some volunteers felt a little nervous when 45 with strangers. However, the elderly residents were very friendly. They felt 46 and cheerful to have 47 to talk with. A 48 girl in our class named Lisa became the youngest volunteer there. She read stories to the residents and taught them 49 to use smartphones. She found 50 wonderful to make a difference in someone’s life. So far, the elderly people in the care home 51 great care and support from our school volunteers. Many of them said they felt 52 than before because of these visits.
Our school has made it a rule that every student 53 to join in at least one volunteer activity each term. Qualities such as patience and kindness 54 never be learned from textbooks alone. Therefore, students should make great use 55 every opportunity to volunteer, as giving back to the community is one of the most meaningful things a young person can do.
41.A.a B.an C.the D./
42.A.to help B.help C.helped D.helping
43.A.Take B.Taken C.Taking D.Took
44.A.other B.others C.the other D.another
45.A.talking B.talked C.to talk D.talk
46.A.pleasure B.pleased C.pleasant D.please
47.A.someone B.anyone C.no one D.everyone
48.A.fourteen-year-old B.fourteen-years-old
C.fourteen -years old D.fourteen years old
49.A.what B.how C.where D.when
50.A.them B.it C.this D.that
51.A.received B.were receiving C.have received D.has received
52.A.lonely B.loneliness C.lonelier D.less lonely
53.A.requires B.has required C.is required D.is requiring
54.A.must B.can C.need D.would
55.A.of B.for C.with D.in
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英语八年级下册期末语法复习练习卷(人教版)
知识点1:动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语
①作目的状语,表示“为了……”,常放在句末;如需表强调时,也可以放在句首,要用逗号分隔
例1(选择题):We should do what we can ________ the hunters from ________ the animals.
A.to prevent; to kill B.prevent; to kill
C.prevent; kill D.to prevent; killing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们应该尽我们所能去阻止猎人捕杀动物。
考查非谓语动词。to prevent阻止,动词不定式;to kill杀死,动词不定式;prevent阻止,动词原形;kill杀死,动词原形;killing杀死,动名词/现在分词。根据We should do what we can...the hunters...the animals.可知,what we can是宾语从句,意为“我们能做的”,后面需要接目的状语,用不定式to do表示“为了……”,因此用to prevent;根据We should do what we can...the hunters from...the animals.可知,prevent sb. from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”,所以此处用killing。故选D。
例2(单词拼写题):In the village, the students go on a ropeway ________ (across) the river to school.
【答案】to cross
【详解】句意:在村里,学生们坐索道过河上学。此处应使用动词不定式作目的状语,across是介词,cross“穿过”符合语境,是动词。故填to cross。
②作原因状语,表示产生某种情感或状态的原因,常放在happy、sorry、glad等词后
例(选择题):
I was very happy ______ the good news that our school won the basketball match.
A.hear B. hearing C. to hear D. to hearing
【答案】 C
【详解】句意:听到我们学校赢了篮球赛的好消息,我非常开心。
考查非谓语动词。hear 听见,动词原形;hearing 听见,动名词/现在分词;to hear 听见,动词不定式;to hearing 介词 to + 动名词。
根据句意可知,“我开心”的原因是“听到了好消息”,因此需要用动词不定式作原因状语,说明产生某种情感的原因。在英语中,表示情感或心理状态的形容词(如 happy, surprised, sorry, excited 等)后常接不定式,表示“因……而……”。
同时,本句不存在prevent sb. from doing等固定搭配,也不表示目的,因此排除其他选项。
选项 A hear 是动词原形,不能直接放在形容词 happy之后;
选项 B hearing 不能用于此句型作原因状语;
选项 D to hearing 中 to 为介词形式,此处需要的是不定式符号 to。
因此,正确答案为 C. to hear。
③作结果状语,常用的结构有too+形容词/副词+to do sth.(否定结果)
形容词/副词+enough+to do sth. (表示肯定结果)
例(选择题):The little boy is ______ young ______ look after himself.
A. so; that B. too; to C. enough; to D. such; that
【答案】 B
【详解】句意:那个男孩太小了,不能自己照顾自己。
考查非谓语动词。look after 照顾,动词原形;to look after 照顾,动词不定式;looking after 照顾,动名词/现在分词;of looking after 介词 of + 动名词。
根据句意可知,“太小”导致的结果是“不能照顾自己”,因此需要用动词不定式作结果状语。在英语中,“too + 形容词/副词 + to do”结构表示“太……而不能……”,其中动词不定式短语表示结果,且通常带有否定含义。
同时,本句中 “too young””表示程度过甚,“to look after himself””是结果状语,说明年龄小所造成的结果。
选项 A so; that 引导结果状语从句,但需接完整从句(so...that...),而本句空格后是动词原形,不符合;
选项 B too; to 符合 “too...to...””结构,正确;
选项 C enough; to 表示“足够……去做……”,与句意“太小而不能”相反;
选项 D such; that 后接名词短语及从句,不符合本句结构。
因此,正确答案为B. too; to。
④动词不定式作宾语补足语,用于表示宾语的状态、特性、身份等,构成“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结构
常见的可以接带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词:allow、expect、encourage、want、ask、teach、choose、tell、advise、invite、would like等,否定形式为not to do。
常见的可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾补的动词包括感觉动词(see、hear、notice、feel、listen to等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。
例1(选择题):The teacher encouraged us ________ our own ideas about after-school activities.
A.express B.to express C.expressing D.expressed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:老师鼓励我们表达自己对课后活动的想法。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,因此空格处应填动词不定式to express。故选B。
例2(选择题):We saw the volunteers ________ books to the children in the countryside yesterday.
A.give B.to give C.gives D.given
【答案】A
【详解】句意:昨天我们看到志愿者们给乡村的孩子们送书。
考查动词不定式省略to的用法。在感官动词(如see, watch, hear等)后接宾语和宾语补足语时,若表示动作的全过程或经常性行为,用省略to的不定式(即动词原形);若表示动作正在进行,则用现在分词。根据句意,此处强调“看到志愿者们送书”这一完整过程,故用动词原形give。故选A。
知识点2:单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
例(选择题):______ English aloud every morning is a good way to improve your speaking skills.
A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. To reading
【答案】 C
【详解】句意:每天早上大声朗读英语是提高口语技能的好方法。
考查非谓语动词。Read 读,动词原形;Reads 读,动词第三人称单数形式;Reading 读,动名词/现在分词;To reading 介词 to + 动名词。
根据句意可知,本句需要一个主语成分,表示“每天早上大声朗读英语”这件事。在英语中,动名词(短语)可以作主语,表示一种抽象的动作或习惯。当单个动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式(如 is)。
本句中,Reading English aloud every morning是整个句子的主语,谓语是“is”,宾语是’a good way”。
选项 A Read 是动词原形,不能直接作主语;
选项 B Reads 是谓语动词形式,不能作主语;
选项 C Reading 是动名词,可以作主语,正确;
选项 D To reading 中 to 是介词,不能与动名词构成主语。
因此,正确答案为 C. Reading。
知识点3:情态动词should与could的用法
情态动词should后街动词原形,表示建议;否定形式为should not/should’t,表示“不应当;不该”。
与could相比,should提建议的语气相对更直接、更强烈,常带有一种责任或义务感;could语气更温和,更侧重于给出一种可行的选择。
例1(选择题):— I really love candy. I eat it every day.
— You ______ eat too much candy. It’s bad for your teeth.
A. should B. could C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】 C
【详解】句意:——我真的很喜欢糖果。我每天都吃。
——你不应该吃太多糖果。它对牙齿不好。
考查情态动词。should 应该;could 可以;shouldn’t 不应该;mustn’t 禁止(语气很强,表示绝对不允许)。
根据对话语境,第一个人说”每天都吃糖果”,第二个人给出回应,指出”吃太多糖果对牙齿不好”,这是在给出劝告或建议,告诉对方不要这样做,因此用否定形式 shouldn’t。
选项 A should —— 表示“应该”,与句意相反;
选项 B could —— 表示“可以”,语气是委婉建议,不符合“对牙齿不好”这一负面后果的语境;
选项 C shouldn’t —— 表示“不应该”,符合句意,正确;
选项 D mustn’t —— 表示“禁止”,语气太强硬。吃太多糖果虽然不好,但并不是绝对禁止的行为,用 mustn’t 过于严厉,不符合日常劝告的语气。
因此,正确答案为 C. shouldn’t。
例2(选择题):— I don’t know how to improve my English.
— You ______ listen to English songs or watch English movies. They really help.
A. should B. must C. could D. had to
【答案】 C
【详解】句意:——我不知道如何提高我的英语。
——你可以听听英文歌曲或者看英文电影。它们确实有帮助。
考查情态动词。should 应该(语气较强);must 必须(语气最强);could 可以(语气委婉、温和);had to 不得不(表示客观需要)。
根据语境,说话人是在给出委婉的建议,而不是强硬的命令或强烈的劝告。“听听英文歌曲或看英文电影”只是众多方法中的一种,用 could 表示“可以这样做”,语气更礼貌、更温和。
选项 A should —— 语气太强,像命令或强烈建议,不如 could 自然;
选项 B must —— 语气太强硬,表示“必须”,不符合语境;
选项 C could —— 表示委婉建议,符合语境,正确;
选项 D had to —— 表示“不得不”,与建议无关。
因此,正确答案为 C. could。
知识点4:反身代词的用法
反身代词表示“……自己;本身”,具体用法如下:
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself我自己
yourself你自己
himself他自己
herself她自己
itself它自己
复数
ourselves我们自己
yourselves你们自己
themselves他/她/它们自己
例(单词拼写题):I can finish my homework by ________ (我自己).
【答案】myself
【详解】句意:我可以自己完成作业。“我自己”的英文表达是myself。“by oneself”,意思是“独自地,靠自己”,在这个句子中,主语是“I(我)”,所以对应的反身代词要用myself。故填myself。
知识点5:although引导让步状语从句
although表示“虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前面,也可放在主句后面。
例1(单词拼写题):A the girl is very young, she can speak several foreign languages.
【答案】(A)lthough
句意:虽然这个女孩很年轻,但她会说好几门外语。前后为让步关系,用although表让步。
例2(单词拼写题):A she is busy, she always makes time for her family.
【答案】(A)lthough
句意:虽然她很忙,但她总是抽出时间陪伴家人。前后为让步关系,用although表让步。
知识点6:until引导时间状语从句
until表示“直到……为止;到……时”,引导时间状语从句,常放在主句之后,也可放在主句之前。如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
例1(单词拼写题):Let’s wait u the rain stops.
【答案】(u)ntil
句意:我们等到雨停吧。前后为时间关系,用until表“直到……为止”。
例2(单词拼写题):The game will start u everyone is ready.
【答案】(u)ntil
句意:比赛要等到所有人都准备好才开始。前后为时间关系,用until表“直到……才”。
知识点7:so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句
so that表示“为了,以便”时,引导状语从句,一般放在主句后,不用逗号隔开。
so that表示“因此,所以”时,引导结果状语从句,其前面可用逗号隔开。
例1(选择题):I didn’t realize he was a famous scientist _______ you told me.
A.because B.since C.so that D.until
【答案】D
【详解】句意:直到你告诉我,我才意识到他是一位著名的科学家。
考查连词辨析。because因为;since自从/既然;so that以便;until直到。根据句意和主句I didn’t realize...是否定形式,此处表示“直到某个时间点才意识到”,应使用not...until...结构,表示“直到……才……”。故选D。
例2(单词拼写题):I bought a map I wouldn’t get lost in the city.
【答案】so that
句意:我买了一张地图,这样我就不会在城里迷路了。前后为目的关系,用so that表目的。
知识点8:so…that…结构
表示“如此……以至于……”,that引导结果状语从句,句型为“主句主语+主句谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”。
例(单词拼写题):Japanese people are so polite they always pay attention to the angle of the bow according to different situations.
【答案】that
句意:日本人非常有礼貌,以至于他们总是根据不同的情境注意鞠躬的角度。根据Japanese people are so polite...they always pay attention to the angle of the bow according to different situations.可知,此处是由that引导的结果状语从句,so…that…“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
知识点9:形容词与副词比较级与最高级的变化规则
单音节词和部分双音节词:
①一般在词尾加-er或-est
②以字母e结尾的词,直接加-r或-st
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y变成i,在加-er或-est
④重度闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写这个辅音字母,在家-er或-est
多音节词和部分双音节词:在词前面加more或most
常见的不规则变化的词有:
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
例1(选择题):China's Fendouzhe dived __________ into the Mariana Trench in 2020.
A.deep B.deeper C.deepest D.the deepest
【答案】A
【详解】句意:2020 年,中国的“奋斗者”号深潜器深深潜入马里亚纳海沟。
deep深地;deeper 更深地;deepest最深地;the deepest最深的。deep在此处作副词修饰动词dived,表示具体的深度。句中未出现比较对象或范围,无需使用比较级或最高级,故用原级。
例2(选择题):Facing difficulties is one of ________ ways to learn and become stronger.
A.good B.better C.the better D.the best
【答案】D
【详解】句意:面对困难是学习和变得更强壮的最好方法之一。
考查形容词最高级。good好的,形容词原级;better更好的,形容词比较级;the better更好的,定冠词+形容词比较级;the best最好的,定冠词+形容词最高级。根据one of可知,“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构,表示“最……的……之一”,此处需用the best。故选D。
例3(单词拼写题):Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first _________ _________ in 1876.
【答案】practical telephones
【详解】句意:亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔于1876年发明了第一批实用电话之一。根据Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first…in 1876.可知,此处是指发明了第一批实用电话之一,固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式,因此应用形容词practical“实用的”修饰名词复数形式telephones“电话”。故填practical;telephones。
知识点10:unless引导条件状语从句
unless用作连词,表示“除非;如果不”,引导条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或者谓语中有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
例(单词拼写题):U_________ we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.
【答案】(U)nless
【详解】句意:除非我们和某人交谈,否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。根据首字母及空处句子关系可知,表条件,需用unless来引导条件状语从句。故填(U)nless。
知识点11:过去进行时
①表示:在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发送的动作
②构成:was/were+动词-ing
③基本句式:
(肯定句)主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他
(否定句)主语+wasn’t/was not+动词-ing+其他
(一般疑问句)Was/Were+主语+动词-ing+其他,肯定回答用Yes,主语+was/were;否定回答用No,主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not).
例1(选择题):—I phoned you last night, but you weren’t in.
—I ________ coffee with my cousin.
A.had B.was having C.will have
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我昨晚给你打电话了,但你不在。——我当时正和我表哥/弟一起喝咖啡。
考查过去进行时。last night点明动作发生在过去,而“打电话时对方不在”这一过去时刻,强调“喝咖啡”的动作正在进行,需用过去进行时,结构为“was/were +现在分词”。主语是I,be动词用was,have的现在分词是having。故选B。
例2(选择题):—Where did you find Tom just now?
—He ________ on the grass in the park, reading The Little Prince.
A.lie B.lay C.lied D.laid
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你刚才在哪里找到汤姆的?——他正躺在公园的草地上读《小王子》。
考查动词辨析。lie躺,动词原形;lay躺,lie的过去式;lied说谎,lie的过去式;laid放置,lay的过去式和过去分词。根据on the grass in the park可知,此处描述的是他当时的状态,即“躺在草地上”,应该用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were+动词现在分词”,而lie的现在分词是lying,原句中已有be动词形式(He后省略了was),所以此处用lie的过去式lay表示“躺”的状态。故选B。
知识点12:现在完成时
①表示:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常和just、already、ever、before、so far等时间状语连用
现在完成时的谓语构成:助动词have/has+过去分词
句型:(肯定句)主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
(否定句)主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
(一般疑问句)Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?→肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.→否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn't.
(特殊疑问句)疑问词+have/has(+主语)+过去分词+其他?
②表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用,如“for+时间段”“since+ 时间点”,时间点可以是具体的时间、一般过去时的句子,也可以是“一段时间+ ago””。
例1(选择题):— ________ you ever read a book about Chinese history?
— Yes, I have. It’s very interesting.
A.Have B.Do C.Did D.Will
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你曾经读过关于中国历史的书吗?——是的,我读过。它非常有趣。
Have助动词,用于现在完成时;Do助动词,用于一般现在时;Did助动词,用于一般过去时;Will助动词,用于一般将来时。根据答语Yes, I have.可知问句是由Have引导的一般疑问句,且ever常与现在完成时连用。故填Have。
例2(选择题):My grandparents ________ in the countryside for 50 years. They love living there.
A.live B.lived C.have lived D.are living
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的祖父母已经在农村生活了50年,他们喜欢住在那里。
句中for 50 years表示持续了50年的一段时间,是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在。现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词。
例2(单词拼写题):Jack’s grandparents ________ (buy) this box since it appeared ten years ago.
【答案】have had
【详解】句意:自从这个盒子十年前问世以来,杰克的祖父母就一直拥有它。since it appeared ten years ago“自从十年前”,属于延续性时间状语,谓语用延续性动词,表动作/状态从过去开始持续到现在,对应现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语Jack’s grandparents是复数,助动词用have;buy“买”是瞬间性动词,不能和since引导的延续性时间状语连用,表示“拥有某物从过去持续到现在”,需用延续性动词have“拥有”,其过去分词为had。
练 习
一、选择题:
1.—________?
—I feel short of breath and very uncomfortable.
A.What’s the matter B.What’s the wrong
C.What are you doing D.What’s trouble
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你怎么了?——我感觉呼出的气体里有二氧化碳,很不舒服。
考查情境交际用语。What’s the matter怎么了;What’s the wrong错误表达,应为What’s wrong;What are you doing你在做什么;What’s trouble 错误表达,应为What’s the trouble。根据答语描述身体不适的症状,可知问句是在询问对方“出了什么事”或“哪里不舒服”,常用“What’s the matter?”或“What’s wrong?”,而B项表达错误,C项与答语情境不符。故选A。
2.She doesn’t collect coins. ________, she collects beautiful stones from different places.
A.Because B.Instead C.Also D.However
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她不收集硬币。相反,她收集来自不同地方的漂亮石头。
考查副词辨析。Because因为;Instead相反;Also也;However然而。根据She doesn’t collect coins...she collects beautiful stones from different places.可知,前句“她不收集硬币”和后句“她收集漂亮石头”是转折与替代关系,强调“不是前者而是后者”,应用Instead表示“相反”或“取而代之”。故选B。
3.You’d better not go to school if you have the flu, or you’ll ________ it to others.
A.spread B.suffer C.expect D.avoid
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你得了流感,最好别去上学,否则你会把它传播给别人。
spread传播;suffer遭受;expect期待;avoid避免。根据if you have the flu和to others可知,患流感去学校会将疾病传染给他人,spread符合语境。
4.He regrets ________ computer games all day. It’s bad for his studies.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他后悔整天玩电脑游戏。这对他的学习有害。
regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”,regret to do sth. 表示“遗憾要做某事”。根据后句It’s bad for his study.可知玩游戏这件事已经发生,且造成了不良影响,应用动名词形式。
5.—When did you finish ________ the room?
— At about 4:00 p.m. We were about ________ home when it rained.
A.cleaning; going B.cleaning; to go
C.to clean; going D.to clean; to go
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你什么时候打扫完房间的?——大约下午4点。当下雨时,我们正要回家。
finish后接动名词作宾语,finish doing sth.意为“完成做某事”,故第一空填cleaning;be about to do sth.意为“正要/即将做某事”,故第二空填to go。
6.You shouldn’t spend ________ time on computer games. It’s bad for your eyes.
A.too many B.much too C.too much D.many too
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你不应该在电脑游戏上花太多时间,这对你的眼睛不好。
too many太多,后接可数名词复数;much too太,后接形容词或副词;too much太多,后接不可数名词;many too搭配错误。根据You shouldn’t spend…time on computer games可知,time是不可数名词,应用too much修饰。
7.Julia didn’t leave her office ________ the police arrived.
A.since B.if C.until D.while
【答案】C
【详解】句意:直到警察到达,朱莉娅才离开她的办公室。
since自从;if如果;until直到;while当……时候。根据didn’t leave可知是否定句,使用固定搭配not…until…,意为“直到……才……”。
8.My dad told me ________ too hard, or I would feel tired.
A.not push B.to not push C.not to push D.don’t push
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我爸爸告诉我不要太过用力,否则我会感到疲劳。
考查非谓语动词的否定形式。tell sb. not to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。动词不定式的否定形式为not to do。故选C。
9.The movie was ________ boring ________ I left the cinema halfway.
A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to D.enough; to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这部电影如此无聊以至于我看到一半就离开了电影院。
so...that...如此……以至于(so修饰形容词/副词);such...that...如此……以至于(such修饰名词);too...to...太……而不能;enough...to...足够……去做。句中boring为形容词,且后半句是完整句子,应用so...that结构引导结果状语从句。
10.—Why do you like reading the news online?
—News covers many different subjects, and it is useful for the ________ for politics (政治) exam.
A.condition B.preparation C.situation D.direction
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你为什么喜欢在网上看新闻?——新闻涵盖许多不同的主题,它对政治考试的准备很有用。
condition条件;preparation准备;situation情况;direction方向。根据News covers many different subjects和politics exam可知,新闻内容广泛有助于为考试做准备,preparation for意为“为……做准备”,符合语境。
11.The submarine remained underwater for hours and finally ______ near the coast.
A.sank B.dived C.surfaced D.disappeared
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这艘潜艇在水下停留了数小时,最终在海岸附近浮出水面。
sank下沉;dived下潜;surfaced浮出水面;disappeared消失。根据上文The submarine remained underwater for hours可知,潜艇在水下停留数小时后,最后浮出了水面,surfaced符合语境。
12.You ________ eat too much sweet food, or you will have a toothache.
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你不应该吃太多甜食,否则你会牙疼。
shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t 不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止。根据or you will have a toothache可知,此处是给出建议,提醒对方不要吃太多甜食,shouldn’t符合语境。
13.—What do you ________ the natural wonder?
—It’s fantastic.
A.think up B.think of C.think over D.think for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你觉得这个自然奇观怎么样?——太棒了。
think up构思;think of认为;think over仔细考虑;think for为……着想。根据答句It’s fantastic.可知,问句是询问对自然奇观的看法,固定句型What do you think of...? 表示“你觉得……怎么样?”,应填think of。
14.________ is polite to hold chopsticks correctly and avoid sticking them into rice.
A.That B.This C.It D.There
【答案】C
【详解】句意:正确拿筷子并避免将其插进米饭里是礼貌的。
考查It作形式主语的句型。That那个(指示代词);This这个(指示代词);It它(人称代词,可作形式主语);There那儿(副词)。根据…is polite to hold chopsticks correctly and avoid sticking them into rice.可知,本句真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to hold chopsticks correctly and avoid sticking them into rice。为了保持句子平衡,英语中常使用代词It作形式主语放在句首。句型结构为It is+adj.+to do sth.,意为“做某事是……”。故选C。
15.— How long have you had the bike?
— I ________ it since I was six years old.
A.bought B.have bought C.have had D.had
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你拥有这辆自行车多久了?——自从我六岁起我就拥有它了。
bought买(buy的过去式);have bought已经买(现在完成时结构);have had已经拥有(现在完成时结构);had 拥有(过去式)或有(过去完成时)。since I was six years old表明该句使用现在完成时,谓语结构have done,需用延续性动词,buy为短暂性动词不能连用,have表拥有是延续性动词,应填have had。
16.We should learn to ________ the beauty of nature.
A.appreciative B.appreciation C.appreciating D.appreciate
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们应该学会欣赏自然之美。
appreciative欣赏的、感激的 (形容词);appreciation欣赏、感激 (名词);appreciating欣赏 (动名词或现在分词);appreciate欣赏 (动词原形)。learn to do sth.意为“学习做某事”,后接动词原形。应填appreciate。
17.—What’s your attitude towards difficulties in life?
—I believe that a strong ________ can help me overcome them.
A.willing B.will C.meaning D.meaningful
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你对待生活中困难的态度是什么?——我相信坚强的意志能帮助我克服它们。
willing愿意的,形容词;will意志、意愿,名词;meaning意义,名词;meaningful有意义的,形容词。空格前有形容词strong,后应接名词,且根据句意“克服困难”需要“坚强的意志”,因此应选will。
18.She ________ on the beach and enjoyed the sunshine yesterday.
A.lie B.lay C.laid D.lied
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她昨天躺在沙滩上享受阳光。
考查动词辨析。lie躺,原形;lay躺,过去式;laid放置,过去式;lied 说谎,过去式。根据时间状语yesterday可知,句子需用一般过去时,且此处表示躺的过去式是lay。故选B。
19.He told his teammates that he ________ the rare plant species in the rainforest the following month.
A.will search for B.searches for
C.would search for D.has searched for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他告诉队友们,他将在下个月搜寻雨林中的稀有植物物种。
考查宾语从句的时态。will search for将搜寻,一般将来时;searches for搜寻,一般现在时;would search for将搜寻,过去将来时;has searched for已经搜寻,现在完成时。根据宾语从句时态的“主过从必过”原则,主句动词told是过去时,且从句时间状语the following month是将来的时间(从过去看将来),故宾语从句应用过去将来时would search for。故选C。
20.The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are used to ________ them through PPTs.
A.write; showing B.writing; show
C.write; show D.writing; showing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师们过去常常在黑板上写重点,但现在他们习惯通过PPT展示重点。
考查固定搭配的辨析。used to do表示“过去常常做某事”,后接动词原形;be used to doing表示“习惯于做某事”,后接动名词。第一空表示“过去写”,用write;第二空表示“现在习惯展示”,用showing。故选A。
二、单词拼写题:
21.He ________ (relax) by doing yoga every morning to start a good day.
【答案】relaxes
【详解】句意:他每天早上做瑜伽来放松,开始美好的一天。every morning表明时态为一般现在时,主语为He,谓语动词用relaxes。
22.A: We decided ________ (visit) the museum this weekend.
B: That sounds fun! I hope ________ (learn) something new there.
【答案】to visit to learn
【详解】句意:A:我们决定这个周末去参观博物馆。B:那听起来很有趣!我希望在那里学到一些新东西。第一空,decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,固定短语,此处应该使用动词不定式;第二空,hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”,固定短语,此处应该使用动词不定式。故填to visit;to learn。
23.He felt blue after ________ (fail) the exam, but he tried again.
【答案】failing
【详解】句意:他考试不及格后情绪低落,但他又尝试了一次。after是介词,后接动名词形式,fail的动名词形式是failing。故填failing。
24.It’s important to express your ________ (feel) in a healthy way, like talking to friends.
【答案】feelings
【详解】句意:用健康的方式表达你的感受很重要,比如和朋友聊天。your是形容词性物主代词,后接名词,feel的名词形式是feeling,此处表示多种感受,用复数feelings。
25.Our teacher speaks ________, so we can understand quite well.(clear)
【答案】clearly
【详解】句意:我们的老师说话很清楚,所以我们都能听得很明白。根据Our teacher speaks...可知,空处需要填入副词形式来修饰动词speaks。clear“清楚的”,为形容词,其副词形式是clearly。故填clearly。
26.When she woke up, her leg still ________ (流血).
【答案】bled
【详解】句意:她醒来时,腿还在流血。流血bleed。根据When she woke up可知,描述过去的动作,所以用一般过去时描述过去的客观事实,此处应用bled,表示“她醒来时,腿还在流血(过去的状态)”。
27.We ________ (not realize) the importance of cultural respect until we encountered some embarrassing cross-cultural incidents.
【答案】didn’t realize
【详解】句意:直到我们遇到一些令人尴尬的跨文化事件,我们才意识到文化尊重的重要性。realize“意识到”,根据句意和时间状语until we encountered...可知,主句动作发生在过去,且为否定,应使用一般过去时的否定式,主语为we,助动词用did,否定式为did not realize,可缩写为didn’t realize。故填didn’t realize。
28.Hainan is in the _______(south) part of China. It's a good place to have fun.
【答案】southern
【详解】句意“海南在中国的南部,它是一个玩的开心的好地方”。空后有名词part,空处用形容词,southern南部的,故填southern。
29.—Whose bags are they? —They are those ________ (play).
【答案】players’
【详解】句意:——它们是谁的包?——它们是那些运动员的。根据句意和提示词可知,此处表示“运动员的”。Player“运动员”,those后接可数名词复数players,“运动员的”用名词所有格players’表示。故填players’。
30.Since two years ago, our school _________ (have) an interesting reading club.
【答案】has had
【详解】句意:两年前以来,我们学校就有一个有趣的阅读俱乐部。时间状语Since two years ago(自从两年前)是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,现在完成时的结构为have/has + 动词过去分词,主语是our school,助动词用has,have的过去分词是had。
三、语法选择题
第一篇:
Last Friday evening, a terrible storm hit our city. I 31 doing my homework in my room at that time. My parents 32 watching TV in the living room. Suddenly, the lights went out with a loud sound. The wind 33 hard and the rain beat heavily against the windows. We heard loud thunder and saw bright lightning in the dark sky.
My little sister was very scared and started 34 . My mother hugged her and told her not to be afraid. My father tried to find a flashlight, but he couldn’t find it anywhere. The storm 35 for about an hour. During that time, we sat together in the dark and talked quietly to calm down.
When the storm stopped, the lights came back on. We found that a big tree in front of our house 36 down. The street was covered with broken leaves and small branches. But luckily, no one in our family 37 hurt in this terrible storm.
This experience told me that nature’s temper is sometimes very terrible. We should learn to protect ourselves 38 natural disasters. We also need to know some safety knowledge. It can help us keep safe when a storm or earthquake 39 . And it’s also 40 to prepare some emergency things at home, like flashlights and water.
31.A.am B.was C.were
32.A.are B.was C.were
33.A.blow B.blew C.is blowing
34.A.cry B.to cry C.cried
35.A.lasted B.last C.lasts
36.A.fall B.fell C.falls
37.A.is B.was C.were
38.A.from B.to C.for
39.A.happen B.happens C.happened
40.A.important B.unimportant C.interesting
【答案】
31.B 32.C 33.B 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.B 38.A 39.B 40.A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了上周五晚上一场暴风雨袭击作者所在城市时,作者一家人的经历,以及作者从中得到的启示。
31.句意:那时我正在房间里做作业。
am是,一般现在时;was是,一般过去时,单数;were是,一般过去时,复数。根据Last Friday evening和at that time可知,此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。主语是I,be动词用was。故选B。
32.句意:我的父母正在客厅看电视。
are是,一般现在时;was是,一般过去时,单数;were是,一般过去时,复数。根据上下文语境,此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。主语是My parents,be动词用were。故选C。
33.句意:风刮得很大,雨重重地打在窗户上。
blow吹,动词原形;blew吹,过去式;is blowing正在吹,现在进行时。根据the rain beat heavily against the windows中的动词beat可知,句子时态为一般过去时,动词blow应用过去式blew。故选B。
34.句意:我的小妹妹非常害怕,开始哭起来。
cry哭,动词原形;to cry哭,不定式;cried哭,过去式。根据固定搭配start to do sth.可知,此处应用动词不定式to cry。故选B。
35.句意:暴风雨持续了大约一个小时。
lasted持续,过去式;last持续,动词原形;lasts持续,一般现在时,单数。根据上下文语境,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,动词last应用过去式lasted。故选A。
36.句意:我们发现我们家门前的一棵大树倒了。
fall落下,动词原形;fell落下,过去式;falls落下,一般现在时,单数。根据When the storm stopped, the lights came back on可知,“树倒了”这一动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,动词fall应用过去式fell。故选B。
37.句意:但幸运的是,在这场可怕的暴风雨中,我们家没有人受伤。
is是,一般现在时,单数;was是,一般过去时,单数;were是,一般过去时,复数。根据no one in our family作主语时视为单数,且句子描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,be动词用was。故选B。
38.句意:我们应该学会保护自己免受自然灾害的侵害。
from从;to到;for为了。根据固定搭配protect…from…意为’保护……免受……”可知,此处应用介词from。故选A。
39.句意:当暴风雨或地震发生时,它可以帮助我们保持安全。
happen发生,动词原形;happens发生,一般现在时,单数;happened发生,过去式。根据when a storm or earthquake引导的时间状语从句,遵循”主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时。主语是a storm or earthquake,动词用第三人称单数形式happens。故选B。
40.句意:在家里准备一些应急物品,比如手电筒和水,也很重要。
important重要的;unimportant不重要的;interesting有趣的。根据上下文语境,准备应急物品在自然灾害来临时是很重要的,因此应用形容词important。故选A。
第二篇:
Volunteering has become 41 important part of many teenagers’ lives. An increasing number of students choose to spend their spare time 42 people in need. Last year, our school started a regular volunteer programme at a local elderly care home. 43 part in this activity requires patience, kindness, and a willingness to help 44 .
In the beginning, some volunteers felt a little nervous when 45 with strangers. However, the elderly residents were very friendly. They felt 46 and cheerful to have 47 to talk with. A 48 girl in our class named Lisa became the youngest volunteer there. She read stories to the residents and taught them 49 to use smartphones. She found 50 wonderful to make a difference in someone’s life. So far, the elderly people in the care home 51 great care and support from our school volunteers. Many of them said they felt 52 than before because of these visits.
Our school has made it a rule that every student 53 to join in at least one volunteer activity each term. Qualities such as patience and kindness 54 never be learned from textbooks alone. Therefore, students should make great use 55 every opportunity to volunteer, as giving back to the community is one of the most meaningful things a young person can do.
41.A.a B.an C.the D./
42.A.to help B.help C.helped D.helping
43.A.Take B.Taken C.Taking D.Took
44.A.other B.others C.the other D.another
45.A.talking B.talked C.to talk D.talk
46.A.pleasure B.pleased C.pleasant D.please
47.A.someone B.anyone C.no one D.everyone
48.A.fourteen-year-old B.fourteen-years-old
C.fourteen -years old D.fourteen years old
49.A.what B.how C.where D.when
50.A.them B.it C.this D.that
51.A.received B.were receiving C.have received D.has received
52.A.lonely B.loneliness C.lonelier D.less lonely
53.A.requires B.has required C.is required D.is requiring
54.A.must B.can C.need D.would
55.A.of B.for C.with D.in
【答案】
41.B 42.D 43.C 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.A 48.A 49.B 50.B 51.C 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年参与志愿者活动的意义,以及学校组织的养老院志愿服务项目给老人和学生带来的影响。
【详解】41.句意:志愿服务已经成为许多青少年生活中“一个”重要的部分。
空后单词important是以元音音素开头的,因此前面的不定冠词应用“an”。“a”用于辅音音素开头的单词前;“the”是定冠词,表示特指,此处表示泛指“一个”,不符合语境。
42.句意:越来越多的学生选择花费他们的业余时间去“帮助”有需要的人。
固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”,因此此处应用动名词形式helping。“to help”是不定式,通常表目的;“help”是原形;“helped”是过去式,均不符合该固定搭配。
43.句意:“参加”这项活动需要耐心、善良和乐于助人的意愿。
句中requires是谓语动词,前面的部分是主语。动词原形不能作主语,应用动名词短语Taking part in this activity作主语。“Take”是原形;“Taken”是过去分词;“Took”是过去式,均不能作主语。
44.句意:参加这项活动需要耐心、善良和乐于助人的意愿。
此处指“帮助其他人”,others是代词,意为“其他人”,相当于other people,符合语境。other是形容词,后需接名词;the other指两者中的另一个;another指三者或三者以上中的另一个,均不符合语境。
45.句意:一开始,一些志愿者在与陌生人“交谈”时感到有点紧张。
句中when引导的时间状语从句省略了主语和be动词,完整形式为when they were talking with strangers,因此此处应用现在分词talking。talked是过去式;to talk是不定式;talk是原形,均不符合省略句的用法。
46.句意:他们感到“高兴”和愉快,因为有人可以和他们交谈。
此处felt是系动词,后接形容词作表语。pleased是形容词,意为“高兴的”,修饰人,符合语境。pleasure是名词,意为“快乐”;pleasant是形容词,意为“令人愉快的”,通常修饰物;please是动词,意为“使高兴”,均不符合语境。
47.句意:他们感到高兴和愉快,因为“有人”可以和他们交谈。
此处指“有人”可以和他们交谈,someone意为“某人,有人”,符合语境。anyone通常用于否定句或疑问句;no one意为“没有人”,与句意相反;everyone意为“每个人”,不符合语境。
48.句意:我们班“一个十四岁的”女孩丽莎成为了那里最年轻的志愿者。
复合形容词“数词-名词-形容词”作定语时,名词用单数形式,因此“十四岁的”应表达为fourteen-year-old。fourteen-years-old中years用了复数,错误;fourteen -years old格式错误;fourteen years old通常作表语,不作定语。
49.句意:她给老人们读故事,并教他们“如何”使用智能手机。
此处指教老人们“如何”使用智能手机,how意为“如何”,符合语境。what意为“什么”;where意为“在哪里”;when意为“什么时候”,均不符合语境。
50.句意:她发现改变某人的生活是“很棒的”。
固定句型find it+adj.+to do sth.意为“发现做某事是……的”,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。因此此处应用it。them是宾格代词;this是指示代词;that是指示代词,均不符合该句型。
51.句意:到目前为止,养老院的老人们“已经收到”了我们学校志愿者的悉心照顾和支持。
时间状语So far意为“到目前为止”,通常与现在完成时连用。主语the elderly people是复数,因此谓语动词应用“have received”。received是一般过去时;were receiving是过去进行时;has received是现在完成时,但主语是单数,均不符合语境。
52.句意:他们中的许多人说,因为这些探望,他们感到比以前“不那么孤独”了。
根据语境,志愿者们的探望让老人们感到不那么孤独了,less lonely意为“不那么孤独”,符合语境。lonely是原级;loneliness是名词,意为“孤独”;lonelier是比较级,意为“更孤独”,与句意相反,均不符合语境。
53.句意:我们学校规定每个学生每学期“被要求”参加至少一项志愿者活动。
主语every student与动词require之间是被动关系,因此应用被动语态“is required”。requires是主动语态;has required是现在完成时主动语态;is requiring是现在进行时主动语态,均不符合语境。
54.句意:诸如耐心和善良之类的品质“不能”仅仅从课本中学到。
根据语境,耐心和善良等品质不能仅仅从课本中学到,can与never连用表示“不能”,符合语境。must意为“必须”;need意为“需要”;would意为“将要”,均不符合语境。
55.句意:因此,学生们应该充分利用每一个做志愿者的机会。
固定搭配make great use of意为“充分利用”,因此此处应用介词“of”。for意为“为了”;with意为“和……一起”;in意为“在……里面”,均不符合该固定搭配。
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