专题01 Units 1～2（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材人教版

专题01 Units 1~2（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握描述情感与兴趣的形容词（如 scared / scary / scared of 的辨析与用法，以及 relaxed / relaxing、bored / boring、interested / interesting 等 -ed / -ing 形容词的辨析与用法）。 2.理解并运用动词不定式的核心句型（包括动词不定式作目的状语、动词不定式作宾语、动词不定式作宾语补足语，以及 使役动词和感官动词后省略 to 的不定式）。 3.掌握动词与名词的搭配规律及常用短语（如 collect / do / go / play / write + 名词 的固定搭配，以及 take up / give up / manage to do / in return / find it + adj. + to do sth. 等核心短语的用法）。 4.掌握描述健康问题与身体状况的形容词（如 ill / sick 的辨析与用法，以及 painful / painless / careless / careful / harmful / harmless 等形容词后缀派生词的辨析与用法）。 5. 理解并运用情态动词表建议的核心句型（包括 should / shouldn’t 的用法，could 表委婉建议，had better (not) do sth. 表建议，以及 What’s wrong / What’s the matter 等询问健康问题的句型）。 6. 掌握反身代词及词缀构词法（包括 反身代词的形式与用法，-self / -selves 后缀，以及 常见的词形变换规律）。 复习难点： 1. 动词不定式 2. 情态动词should/could和反身代词 考情规律 Unit 1 Time to Relax 1.单项选择（单选） ：动词不定式作目的状语、作宾语及固定搭配（如 want / hope / expect / allow sb. to do sth.）是高频考点 2.完形填空：动词不定式在语篇中的辨识与运用 3.书面表达：在兴趣爱好、课余活动类话题作文中自然运用动词不定式 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 1.情景交际：should表建议常出现在情景对话题中，考查建议的提出与回应 2.书面表达：健康话题作文中should建议句型是核心得分点 3.健康话题阅读：阅读理解中健康生活方式类说明文是常考文体 Unit 1 Time to Relax 知识点1 scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌的，其同义词为afraid，常用于以下结构中： 1. be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 I’m certainly not scared of him. 我当然不怕他。 2. be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事 She is scared of going out alone.她不敢一个人外出。 3. be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 I was too scared to move. 我吓得动弹不得。 4. be scared +(that) 从句 害怕…… I’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。 注意：这些结构中的scared均可以替换为afraid，但afraid可用于“I’m afraid not/so.”，scared则不能。 scare，scared和scary scare v. & n. 害怕；恐惧 scared adj. 害怕的 形容人的感受 scary adj. 吓人的 用于描述事物的特征 The tiny mouse tried to scare the big cat with a scary roar. The cat looked scared for one second — then yawned. 小老鼠试图用一声可怕的吼叫吓唬大猫。猫害怕了一秒钟——然后打了个哈欠。 — How did you like the movie you watched last night? — It was so ________ and made me ________. A. scary; scary B. scary; scared C．scared; scary 知识点2 Unit 1 高频 -ed / -ing 形容词 -ing 形容词（修饰事物） 含义 -ed 形容词（修饰人的感受） 含义 relaxing 令人放松的 relaxed 感到放松的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感到有趣的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 感到无聊的 tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的 scary 令人害怕的 scared 感到害怕的 教材原句示例（Unit 1） Climbing alone is scary. （攀岩本身是“令人害怕的”事物 → scary） → I was *scared* at the beginning.（我感到害怕 → scared） What a relaxing weekend activity!（周末活动是“令人放松的”事物 → relaxing） → Listening to music makes me feel *relaxed*.（我感到放松 → relaxed） Skiing is such an exciting sport.（滑雪是“令人兴奋的”运动 → exciting） → She was *excited* about her first ski trip.（她感到兴奋 → excited） —What do you think of the film? —The story is not bad. But I felt a little _______ because it lasted over 3 hours. A．interesting B．boring C．bored D．interested 知识点3 get over 克服（困难）；解决（问题）。其中over为介词，因此宾语无论是名词还是代词，均应放在over之后。 He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ll get over it.他没得到这份工作非常失望，不过他会想得开的。 “How would they get over that problem?” he wondered. “他们将怎样解决那个问题呢？”他琢磨着。 get over还可以表示“从（疾病、惊讶、悲伤等）中回复”。 It took her ages to get over her illness.她花了很长时间才把病治好。 As students, we have to ________ something that may get in the way of our development, like laziness. A．get back B．get away C．get over D．get down 知识点4 When I started to do calligraphy, I spend hours practicing single strokes. 我刚开始练习语法时，花了好几个小时练习单个的笔画。 1. when引导的时间状语从句 ①when引导时间状语从句时，可表示具体的时间点或时间段。 When he arrived, I was cooking. 他来时，我正在做饭。（时间点） When I lived in Beijing, I often visited the Palace Museum. 我在北京居住期间，经常参观故宫博物院。（时间段） ②主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；主句为过去时，从句根据动作顺序用相应的时态。 I will call you when I arrive. 我到时给你打电话。（主将从现） They looked around when he called.他呼喊时他们回头张望。（主句一般过去时，从句一般过去时） when的常见结构 be about to do... when... 正要做某事，突然…… We were about to start when the lights went out. 我们正要开始，灯突然灭了。 had just done... when...刚做完某事，突然…… He had just finished his speech when the bell rang. 他刚做完演讲，铃声就响了。 3. spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事 2. What do you do in your spare time? 3. How do you occupy your leisure time?（稍正式，leisure time表闲暇） spend，cost，take与pay spend sb.＋spend＋time/money ＋ on sth.　“某人花时间/金钱在某物上” sb. ＋spend＋time/ money ＋ (in) doing sth.　“某人花时间/金钱做某事” He spends much of his pocket money on science books. 他把很多零花钱用在买科学书上。 She spent most of her life caring for others. 她花了大半辈子的时间照顾他人。 cost sth. ＋ cost ＋ sb. ＋money　“某物花费某人多少钱” It cost me 60 dollars to go to New York by train. 我乘火车到纽约花了60美元。 take It ＋ takes ＋ sb. ＋time ＋ to do sth.　“做某事花费某人多长时间” It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 到邮局花了我10分钟。 pay sb. ＋pay＋money＋for sth.　“某人为某物付多少钱” sb. ＋ pay for ＋ sth. “某人为某物付款” He has paid the doctor 50 yuan for the medicine. 他买药付给医生50元。 Mr. Green needn’t pay for his son’s tuition fees this year. 今年格林先生不需要给他儿子付学费了。 Yaming spends an hour ______ calligraphy every evening because it helps him _______ after studying. A．do; relax B．doing; relax C．do; relaxed 知识点4 encourage的用法 encourage为动词，意为“鼓励”。常见搭配： （1）encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 如：They encourage boys to take part in ball games. 他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。 （2）encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人 如：My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。 1．My coach always encourages us ________ our best in every game. A．trying B．tried C．try D．to try 2．Mr. Li always encourages us ________ each other with kindness and warmth. A．treated B．to treat C．treating D．to treats 知识点5 express 【详解】变形：expression（n）表达；表情 expressive（adj）善于表达的；富有表现力的 词性及意义 固定搭配 典例 动词（v.） 表达；表述；传递（情感、想法等），及物动词，直接接宾语 1. express + n. 表达（情感/观点/想法） 2. express oneself 表达自己的想法/观点（高频短语） 3. express sth. to sb. 向某人表达某事 She expressed her thanks to the teacher. 她向老师表达了谢意。 形容词（adj.） 特快的；快递的；明确的 1. express train 特快列车 2. express delivery 快递 3. express thanks/apology 明确的谢意/歉意 We sent the parcel by express delivery. 我们用快递寄了这个包裹。 名词（n.） 快车；快递服务 1. take an express 乘坐快车 2. send sth. by express 通过快递寄送某物 3.domestic/international express 国内/国际快递 You can get this dress via express tomorrow. 这件裙子你明天就能通过快递收到 副词（adv.） 用快递；乘快车，使用场景少 Please send the document express. 请快递寄送这份文件。 —Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way. —I agree. Most poets describe this season to ________ a feeling of sadness, but in Liu’s eyes autumn is full of life and hope. A．excuse B．expect C．explain D．express 知识点6 give up 变形：gives up（三单），gave up（过去式），given up（过去分词） 核心用法&固定搭配 1. give up + n./pron. 放弃某物；戒除某习惯；让出某物 例句：He gave up his job last week. 他上周辞去了工作。 例句：My father gave up smoking last year. 我爸爸去年戒烟了。 2. give up + doing sth. 放弃做某事（高频核心结构，后接动词必须用ing形式） 例句：Don't give up learning English. 不要放弃学习英语。 例句：She gave up running because of the pain. 她因为疼痛放弃了跑步。 3. give up on sb./sth. 对某人/某事绝望；不再抱有希望 例句：We never give up on our students. 我们从不对学生放弃希望。 —I think your grandfather should ________ smoking. —I agree. Smoking is bad for his health. A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．take up 知识点7 Fu Xing used to be scared of water,but she stared swimming to get over her fear.付星过去怕水，但她开始游泳以克服恐惧。 【详解】①辨析used to do sth.， be/get used to （doing） sth.与be used to do sth. 结构 意义及用法 例句 used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，只用于过去时。说明现在不做了。 I used to get up late in the morning， but now I’m used to getting up early. 我过去早上常常起得很晚，但我现在习惯早起。 be/get used to （doing） sth. 意为“习惯于（做）某事”，其中to是介词。 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。 A knife is used to cut things. 刀是用来切东西的。 Jenny used to ________ afraid of the dark, but now she has got used to ________ alone. A．be; sleep B．being; sleeping C．be; sleeping D．being; sleep 知识点8 But I was afraid to sing in front of others at first.但我一开始害怕在别人面前唱歌。（教材P3） 【详解】 知识点9 How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult?当你成功做到某件困难的事情时，你通常感觉如何？ manage的名词形式有两种： ①manager n. 经理，管理人； ②management n. 经营，管理（不可数）。 知识点10 His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian.最新的应用程序让世界各地的人可以找到学习意大利语的学习伙伴。 allow的用法 如：The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.医生也许会允许她下周回去上班。 Apps like WeChat allow us ________ with others any time and anywhere. A．to talk B．talking C．to talking D．talk 知识点11 ①I think it's interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries.我认为看看国外美丽的建筑和风景很有趣。（教材P7） It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 ②However, it is impolite to ask someone's age, weight, or other personal information. 然而，询问别人的年龄、体重或其他个人信息是不礼貌的。 It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 （1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。 如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。 （2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。 如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。 1．I find it joyful ________ with Doubao when you feel upset. A．chat B．to chat C．chatting D．to chatting 2．It is selfish (自私) ________ him ________ his umbrella with others. A．of, to not share B．for, not to share C．of, not to share D．for, to not share 知识点12 She liked it so much that she put it up one her bedroom wall!她非常喜欢它，以至于把它贴在了她卧室的墙上！（教材P7） ① so....that......表示“如此.以至于…”，引导结果状语从句 结构：so+形容词/副词+that+从句 She was so tired that she fell asleep at once. （她太累了，以至于立刻睡着了。） 【妙辨异同】so…that…/so that/such…that… 辨析 意义及用法 so… that… 意为“如此.以至于…”，引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词或副词。可与too… to…结构互换。 so that 意为“为了”，引导目的状语从句。可与in order that互换。 such… that… 意为“如此....以致于....”，引导结果状语从句，such后接名词。 【注意】 such＋a/an＋adj. ＋可数名词单数(＋that从句)＝ so＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋that从句) 当名词前有many, much, few或little等词修饰时，其前必须用so而不用such。 — My English is poor. What should I do? — OK. I’ll buy a dictionary for you ________ you can learn English better. A．although B．so that C．if Unit 2 Stay Healthy 知识点1 You don't look well. What's wrong？ 【详解】“What's wrong”表示“怎么了？/出什么事了？”，常用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题，其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用。 【拓展延伸】 重点：“What’ s the matter with sb? ”的同义句型： ►What’s the  trouble with sb? ►What’s the matter with sb?  ►What’s up?   ►What happens to sb.?  【注意】matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是形容词，不能加the。 ．—________? —I have a headache and I feel terrible. A．What’s the matter B．What are you doing C．How are you D．What do you like 知识点2：I have a stomachache. I ate too much at my friend’s birthday party yesterday. 【详解1】I have a stomachache. 我患胃痛。 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 常见的生病/看病用语 ①询问病情常用语： ②表示生病的短语： ③当得知某人生病或住院时，常用“I’m sorry to hear that.”来回应。 ④询问别人现在病情如何时，常用“How are you feeling now？”；当表示“好多了”时常用“Much better./Fine./I’m feeling quite well now.”来回答。 —I have a terrible ________. It’s hard for me to chew food. —You should see a dentist as soon as possible. A．throat B．toothache C．stomachache D．fever 知识点3 too much/too many/much too 短语 含义 用法 例句 too much 太多 后接不可数名词 There is too much rain these days 修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many things for me to do every day. much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 It’s much too cold in winter. I can’t hear Tom clearly (清楚地) because there are ________ people in the room and he speaks ________ fast. A．too many; much too B．too much; much too C．much too; too many 知识点4 Accidents often happen in sport. Be more careful next time! 【详解】 辨析happen与take place 词（组） 用法 happen 意为“发生；碰巧”，一般用于偶然或者突发的事件 sth. happen（s） to sb.某人发生某事 sb. happen（s） to do sth.某人碰巧做某事 take place 意为“发生；出现；举行”，一般指有计划的安排 【注意】 ①二者均有“发生”之意，都是不及物动词（词组），不能用于被动语态。 ②二者表示的都是“瞬间”的意思，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。 1．________ to his arm during the rescue yesterday? A．What happened B．What happens C．What will happen D．What is happening 2．—Oh dear! There is something wrong with my computer. It’s not working at all. —Well, it ________. Just reboot (重启) it. A．happens B．happened C．is happening D．will happen 知识点5 Would you like some snacks? Help yourself! 【用法详解】本句是表示建议的句型。其中，would like相当于want，但比want语气委婉，其常见用法有： would like would like sth.想要某物 would like to do sth. 想要做某事 would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 重点： Eg.He would like a cup of tea. 他想要一杯茶。 I would like to go shopping on weekends. 我想要周末去购物。 Mom would like me to buy some salt for her. 妈妈想让我帮她买些盐。 【拓展延伸】重点：Would you like ...?的常见答语 句式 肯定回答 否定回答 Would you like sth.? Yes, please. No, thanks. Would you like to do sth.? Sure/Certainly, I’d love to. Sorry, I can’t./I’m afraid not. I have to... —Kate, the new film Cold War 1994 is worth watching. Would you like to watch it together? —________. Let’s book tickets online right away. A．Good idea B．My pleasure C．Enjoy your time D．That’s right 知识点6 enough意为“足够的”，既可作形容词也可作副词。 重点：名前形副后 enough+名词 形容词/副词+enough 足够的钱 enough money 足够漂亮 beautiful enough He didn’t do his homework ________, though he had ________. A．carefully enough; enough time B．careful enough; time enough C．carelessly enough; enough time D．careless enough; enough time 知识点7 I didn't have much energy. When I tried to get out of bed, I almost fell and hurt myself. 【详解】 get out of摆脱；逃避；从……出来 反义短语：get into（陷入/进入，动词短语） 固定搭配： get out of bed → 起床 get out of trouble → 摆脱麻烦 get out of a bad habit → 改掉坏习惯 例句： It's hard for him to get out of bed early in winter.（冬天他很难早起。） He tried to get out of doing the housework.（他试图逃避做家务。） 【归纳拓展】 常见get构成的短语： She ________ some problems. Let’s help her ________ them. A．got on; get out of B．got into; get out of C．got into; run out of 知识点8 It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. 【详解】stop……from 用法详解：阻止/制止某人/某物做某事，from后接动名词 1. stop sb./sth. from doing sth.（最常用，完整结构） 例：We must stop factories from polluting rivers.（我们必须阻止工厂污染河流） 2. stop sb./sth. doing sth.（省略from，英美通用） 例：She stopped the boy running on the road.（她制止男孩在马路上跑） 3. stop from doing sth.（省略sb./sth.，主语是动作承受者） 例：The spread of the disease was stopped from spreading.（疾病传播被遏制了） 1．We should stop people from ________ down trees. A．cut B．to cut C．cutting D．cutted 2．—Smoking is bad for our health. The second-hand smoke is also bad for others. —I agree with you. I must ask my dad to ________ A．stop smoking B．stop to smoking C．stop to smoke 知识点9 I didn't expect to see someone around the corner. 【详解】 expect v. 期待；期望；预料 词汇拓展：expectation（期望/期待，n.）；expectancy（预期/期待，n.） expected（预期的，adj.）；unexpected（意外的，adj.） 固定搭配： expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事 expect sth. from sb.从某人那里期待某事 as expected 正如预期 例句： Parents expect their children to study hard.（父母期望他们的孩子努力学习。） As expected, he passed the exam easily.（正如预期，他轻松通过了考试。） 【句型剖析】 辨析expect， hope， wish与look forward to 词（组） 常见搭配 expect ①expect （sb.） to do sth. 期望（某人）做某事 ②expect＋that从句 期望…… hope ①hope to do sth. 希望做某事 ②hope＋that从句　希望…… wish ①wish （sb.） to do sth. 希望（某人）做某事 ②wish＋从句（通常用虚拟语气） 希望……（一般表示难以实现的愿望） ③wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人…… look forward to look forward to （doing） sth. 期待（做）某事 The ________ of China-US high-level strategic dialogue (中美高层战略对话) is to solve differences and disagreement between two countries. China ________ the US to stop interference (干扰) and avoid confrontation (对抗). A．content, hopes B．purpose, expects C．meaning, wishes D．conclusion, warns 知识点10 Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. 【拓展延伸】turn构成的常用短语： turn turn down 调低；拒绝 turn off 关闭 turn back 折回；往回走 turn up 调高 turn on 打开 turn away 扭头；转身 —It’s time for the weather report. Could I ______ the TV, Dad? —Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow. A．turn on B．turn off C．turn down D．turn up 知识点11 She was suffering from shock and her arm was bleeding. 【详解】shock v. 使震惊；使惊愕 / n. 震惊；惊愕；休克 词汇拓展：shocked（感到震惊的，adj.）；shocking（令人震惊的，adj.） shockingly（令人震惊地，adv.） 固定搭配： be shocked at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊 a great shock巨大的震惊 electric shock电击 例句： I was shocked by the news of his sudden death.（他突然去世的消息让我感到震惊。） The movie has some shocking scenes.（这部电影有一些令人震惊的场景。） 【易混辨析】shocked与shocking shocked “感到震惊的”，表示人对事物的感受，主语通常为人 shocking “令人震惊的”，表示事物的性质或状态，主语通常为物 Eg.We were all shocked at the shocking news. 我们都对这条惊人的消息感到震惊。 —Did you hear of the ________ accident? —Yes. The bad news made every one of us ________. A．shocked; shocking B．shocking; shocked C．shocked; shocked D．shocking; shocking Units 1~2 重点语法 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语，其基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。 2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——不定式（短语）放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语，你真是太好了。 作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语，通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。 作宾语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下： 想要干：want， wish， hope， expect， would like/love， like 早打算：plan， prepare， mean 同意否：agree， offer， refuse 问问看：ask， afford 决定了：decide， make up one’s mind， promise 开始学：begin/start， learn 尽力干：manage（反义词fail）， try 努力做：make an effort 莫等待：wait 别忘记：forget（反义词remember） ②在find， think等词后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the station. 他同意在车站接我。 ②I think it difficult to finish the program in two weeks. 我觉得要在两周内完成这个项目很难。 作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise， allow， ask， encourage， force， help， invite， order， teach， tell， warn， wish， want/would like， expect， get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。 作定语 不定式（短语）作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。 作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。（目的状语） ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子，结果却发现它是空的。（结果状语） ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。（原因状语） 【拓展】 1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时，后一个不定式往往省略to。如： The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. 2.省略to的常见句型： ①Why not do sth.？ ＝ Why don’t you do sth.？ 为什么不……呢？ ②Could/Would/Will you please （not） do sth.？ 你可以（不）做……吗？ ③had better （not） do sth. 最好（不要）做某事 ④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B ⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。 ⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 3.含动词不定式的特殊句型： ①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 ②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 ③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 ④adj.＋enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 ⑤too...to... 太……而不能…… 易错提醒：非谓语和祈使句的辨析 若逗号后无连词，直接跟一个句子，则前半句用非谓语动词；若有逗号，且逗号后有and或or等并列连词，则前半句为祈使句。 如：①To catch the early bus， Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公交车，露西今天早上起得很早。 ②Hurry up， or we will miss the train. 快点儿，否则我们就赶不上火车了。 1．Parents should allow children ________ their own ideas. A．express B．expressing C．expressed D．to express 2．—Do you expect ______ the coming sports meeting? —Yes, I’m ready to compete in it. A．join B．to join C．take part in D．to take part in 3．It is ________ for me ________ the project on time without your help. A．impossible; finish B．impossible; to finish C．possible; finish D．possible; to finishing 4．Ms Brown always encourages me ________ afraid of making mistakes. A．not to be B．not be C．to be D．being 5．—Mum, I’m always too tired after finishing homework. What should I do? —Well, I advise you ________ your time better every day. Also, you should avoid ________ up late. A．spending; staying B．to spend; to stay C．to spend; staying 二、情态动词should/could的用法 情态动词should的用法 情态动词should意为“应当；应该”，后接动词 原形 ，没有人称和数的变化。 一、should的句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+ should +动词原形+其他 We should help the people in trouble. 否定句 主语+ shouldn’t +动词原形+其他 They shouldn’t eat too much. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ should +主语+动词原形+其他？ Where should we meet? 一般疑问句 Should +主语+动词原形+其他？ —It’s too cold. Should I close the window? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语+ should. —Yes, you should. 否定回答 No, 主语+shouldn’t. —No, you shouldn’t. 二、should的基本用法及示例 用法 示例 表示劝告、建议 You should answer the question in English.你应该用英语回答这个问题。 表示义务、责任 Children should do their homework by themselves.孩子们应该独自做作业。 表示推断、判断 They should be at home now, I think.我认为，他们现在应该在家。 表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等 How should I know?我怎么会知道？ 情态动词could的用法 can 的过去式 礼貌地请求 提出建议 推测 could 一、提出礼貌的请求 could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有： 1. Could you +动词原形+...? 2. Could you please+动词原形+...? 意为＂请你做……好吗? ＂句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. ☞ Li Lei, could you please help me? 李雷，请你帮我个忙好吗？ ☞ —Could you come here soon? 你尽快过来，行吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 ☞ —Could you please close the window? 请你关上窗户好吗？ —I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。 【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...? 【知识拓展】 Would you mind doing sth? 也可表示请求，常用句型： Would you please + do sth? Would you + do sth? 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I’d love to. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. / I’d love to, but... ☞ —Would you mind cleaning your room? 你介意去打扫你的房间吗？ —No. I’d like to. 不，我很乐意。 二、表示请求许可 1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为： Could I/we +动词原形+...? 意为＂请问我（们）能做……吗? ＂ 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you can’t. 【温馨提示】在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。 ☞ Could I come in? 我可以进来吗？ 2. 另外，用Could I ...？时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could，而要用can。 ☞ —Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ —Yes, you can. 是的，可以。学！科网 3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语 肯定回答常用语：Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can. 否定回答常用语：I’m afraid not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, you can’t. 三、could与can的区别 could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同： 1. can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。 ☞ Can you tell us your story, Tony? 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，托尼？ 2. could表示有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。 ☞ —Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 1．As the head of the team, I try to improve ________ to set an example and encourage others to believe in ________. A．me; they B．me; themselves C．myself; they D．myself; themselves 2．Don’t deal with all the problems ________. You can ask ________ teammates for advice. A．yours; your B．yours; yours C．yourself; your D．yourself; yours 3．Some tourists fall in love with Ganzhou ________ rather than just its tourist attractions. A．themselves B．itself C．herself D．ourselves 4．When you find ________ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ________ possible for you to get out of danger. A．you; it B．you; it’s C．yourself; it D．yourself; itself 5．Linda, you should believe in________. That’s the secret of success. A．myself B．himself C．herself D．yourself 3、 反身代词 类别 反身代词 第一人称 单数 myself 复数 ourselves 第二人称 单数 yourself 复数 yourselves 第三人称 单数 himself herself itself 复数 themselves 2.常见含反身代词的短语 ①动词之后 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学 hurt oneself伤到自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 help oneself to随便吃/喝…… lose oneself in沉浸在……中 make oneself at home别拘束，别客气 prove oneself 证明自己 ②介词之后 keep...to oneself保守秘密 laugh to oneself 暗自发笑 look after/take care of oneself照顾自己 say to oneself自言自语 think to oneself盘算，自思自忖 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 believe in oneself相信自己 1．______ you please help me carry the heavy box? A．Should B．Must C．Could D．Need 2．She ______ swim when she was five, but now she can’t. A．should B．could C．must D．may 3．—I have a lot of e-waste like old phones. What ________ I do with them? —You ________ take them to special recycling (回收) centre. It’s good for the planet. A．may; must B．should; could C．mustn’t; should D．should; couldn’t 4．He left home an hour ago, so he _________ get to the station on time. The train leaves in two hours. A．mustn’t B．should C．can’t D．might not 5．The movie starts in 10 minutes. We _________ hurry, or we’ll miss the beginning. A．should B．can’t C．mustn’t D．may 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Our school library allows students ________ up to five books at a time. A．to borrow B．borrow C．borrowing D．borrowed 2．Although it is a difficult task, we should make every effort ________ it before the deadline. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish D．to finishing 3．My mom of ten tells me ________ too much time playing computer games, because it’s bad for my eyes. A．not to spend B．don’t spend C．not spend D．to spend 4．As a new engineer, Andy didn’t know ________ when he took the job at the beginning. A．to achieve what B．what can I achieve C．what to achieve D．what achieve 5．— It’s polite ________ you ________ the line in public . — Thank you. That’s what I should do. A．of; to jump B．for; to jump C．of; not to jump D．for; not to jump 6．—Did you have a good time doing exercise with your friends last weekend? —Yes, we _________ ourselves very much and felt very energetic. A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed D．will enjoy 7．—Tom lost his wallet on the way to school. —________ , a kind-hearted man found it and returned it to him. A．Clearly B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Usually 8．We must always remember that ________ comes first when we do sports. A．exercise B．energy C．health D．safety 9．—The team lost because the members just didn’t work together. —Exactly! Team members were only thinking of ________, not passing the ball! A．myself B．herself C．themselves D．ourselves 10．Mr Lu knows how to teach his child because he used to be a teacher ________. A．yourself B．herself C．himself D．myself 二、单词拼写 1．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）I make some time ________ (take) online tours of famous places every weekend. 2．（25-26八年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中）________, (surprise) he passed the difficult exam at last. 3．（25-26八年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中）I’d like ________ (buy) a new pair of shoes. 4．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段检测）Moreover, Lily advises us _________ (not buy) pirated books in order to respect the author. 5．（25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）Thanks for your advice! It made me ________ (decide) to try skating. 6．（25-26八年级下·云南昆明·期中）I’m suffering from a terrible ________. (tooth) 7．（25-26八年级下·甘肃兰州·期中）Mr. Wang gave us a clear ________ (describe) about his life in the past. 8．（25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）After taking the safety training, we can enjoy ________ in the mountains. (we) 9．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）After the school trip to Wuxi Plum Garden, he was tired out. By the time he ________ (lie) down on the sofa, he fell asleep. 10．（25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）I won’t leave until you ________ (tell) me the truth. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 （25-26八年级下·湖北武汉·期中） 阅读下面材料，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 James lived with his friend Allen in the city. One day, he decided to make fried chicken. First, he 1 oil into a pan. Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he 2 the chicken. Just then, he heard the sound of Allen singing. “Guess What,” Allen called out 3 . “We won!” “No way!” James followed him into the living room to talk about the football game. Suddenly, they smelt 4 and rushed back into the kitchen. The pan was on fire! Large flames were jumping into the air. In a panic, James 5 the stove at once. But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. James cried out and threw himself to the 6 . He put out the fire by 7 on the ground, but the pan was still burning! “Get water, quick!” he shouted! Allen was about to do so when he 8 . Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much 9 ! Instead, he rushed to get the fire extinguisher. In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was out. Luckily, they were not badly 30 . 1．A．cut B．mixed C．poured D．turned 2．A．hid B．prepared C．fed D．greeted 3．A．carefully B．sadly C．nervously D．happily 4．A．blood B．smoke C．food D．medicine 5．A．turned off B．picked up C．took back D．put away 6．A．window B．door C．floor D．wall 7．A．sleeping B．rolling C．climbing D．running 8．A．looked straight B．came along C．sat still D．stopped short 9．A．lighter B．worse C．cooler D．smaller 30．A．helped B．hurt C．treated D．used 二、阅读理解 A （25-26八年级下·河南驻马店·期中） Having a hobby is a great way to relax after work or after school. Here are three hobbies for you to try. △Flower arranging (插花) If you like plants, think about flower arranging. Many flower shops have classes for beginners, so you can learn it in one of them. It’s also a good idea to read books or visit websites. After you learn flower arranging, you can use the flowers to make gifts or make your home more beautiful. △________ Do you dream of being a writer? Well, now it is the right time to make your dream come true. To start with, you don’t need to be very good at writing. Spend some time writing something in a notebook every day. You can also try making a short story. By practicing, you can make your writing better and better. △Painting Painting is a fun and relaxing thing, but many people think it is hard. In fact, it is not. At first, you may find it is not easy to draw, but it doesn’t matter. The most important thing is that when you draw, you are enjoying the beauty of art. If you have a busy life, this is a nice hobby for you to relax. 1．Where can we learn flower arranging according to the text? ① In a flower shop.  ②At school.  ③On the Internet.  ④From a friend.  ⑤From a book. A．①②⑤ B．②③⑤ C．①③⑤ D．①③④ 2．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Writing something B．Reading a book C．Telling a story D．Learning from a writer 3．Who should take painting as a hobby according to the text? A．A man who lives a relaxing life. B．A girl who likes beautiful flowers. C．A student who likes reading stories. D．A person who is very busy with her work. 4．What does the writer think of painting? A．Difficult and boring. B．Relaxing but meaningless. C．Interesting and relaxing. D．Important and necessary. 5．In which part of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Sports. B．Interest. C．Health. D．Travel. B （25-26八年级下·湖北荆州·期中） ① Fire has all kinds of uses in our everyday life. However, fire can also be very dangerous. Do you know what to do if a fire happens? Here is some advice. ②When a building catches fire, getting outside quickly and safely is the first thing to do. Never go back into the building for any reason! ③If you are in the room with closed door when a fire happens, you must be very careful before opening the door. If you see smoke coming under the door or if the door is hot, don’t open it. If there is no smoke, open the door and move quickly to get out. As you move, stay low to the floor. This way, you will avoid smoke along the way. ④If you can’t get out quickly because fire or smoke stops you, shout for help. Make sure that you’re easy to find. ⑤It is important to know what to do when a fire happens, and it is also important to practise. That’s why schools have fire practice often. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．asking questions B．telling a story C．showing numbers D．describing feelings 2．What should we do first when a building catches fire? A．Stay in the room quietly. B．Get outside quickly and safely. C．Open the hot door at once. D．Shout loudly in the room. 3．The underlined word “avoid” means “________” in Chinese. A．吸入 B．避开 C．制造 D．等待 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the writer want to tell us through the passage? A．Fire is very useful in our life. B．We mustn’t go back to the building on fire. C．Schools often have fire drills. D．What to do when a fire happens. 三、短文填空 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Health and safety are of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily had 1 cough and felt really terrible. Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had a high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor checked her 2 (careful). He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 3 a very bad cold. He gave her some 4 (pill) and advised her to have a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw a man riding a bike in front. Suddenly, the man lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 5 (bad), and there was even a small injury on his hand. Lily and her mother ran to help without hesitation. They used the first aid knowledge they learned before 6 (deal) with the injury. Then they called the emergency number for help. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people should always pay close attention to 7 (they)—especially their health. And when people are outside, they must be careful about 8 (safe) to avoid any harm. What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing 9 (ill) or accidents. We should also remember that a clean environment is good for our health, 10 we should try our best to protect it. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1． （2025·山东临沂·中考真题） 某英文网站正在开展以 “体质健康提升” 为主题的征文活动。请你以“How I Improve My Physical Health”为题，用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你在体质健康提升方面的做法和理由。 提示:1. What kind of exercise do you usually do? 2 How do you do exercise? 3. What else can help you to improve your physical health? Give your reasons. 要求：1.词数不少于80，开头已经写好，不计入总词数； 2.语言通顺，条理清楚，书写规范； 3.文中不要出现任何真实人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。 How I Improve My Physical Health Nowadays, people pay much more attention to physical health. For me, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 1~2（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握描述情感与兴趣的形容词（如 scared / scary / scared of 的辨析与用法，以及 relaxed / relaxing、bored / boring、interested / interesting 等 -ed / -ing 形容词的辨析与用法）。 2.理解并运用动词不定式的核心句型（包括动词不定式作目的状语、动词不定式作宾语、动词不定式作宾语补足语，以及 使役动词和感官动词后省略 to 的不定式）。 3.掌握动词与名词的搭配规律及常用短语（如 collect / do / go / play / write + 名词 的固定搭配，以及 take up / give up / manage to do / in return / find it + adj. + to do sth. 等核心短语的用法）。 4.掌握描述健康问题与身体状况的形容词（如 ill / sick 的辨析与用法，以及 painful / painless / careless / careful / harmful / harmless 等形容词后缀派生词的辨析与用法）。 5. 理解并运用情态动词表建议的核心句型（包括 should / shouldn’t 的用法，could 表委婉建议，had better (not) do sth. 表建议，以及 What’s wrong / What’s the matter 等询问健康问题的句型）。 6. 掌握反身代词及词缀构词法（包括 反身代词的形式与用法，-self / -selves 后缀，以及 常见的词形变换规律）。 复习难点： 1. 动词不定式 2. 情态动词should/could和反身代词 考情规律 Unit 1 Time to Relax 1.单项选择（单选） ：动词不定式作目的状语、作宾语及固定搭配（如 want / hope / expect / allow sb. to do sth.）是高频考点 2.完形填空：动词不定式在语篇中的辨识与运用 3.书面表达：在兴趣爱好、课余活动类话题作文中自然运用动词不定式 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 1.情景交际：should表建议常出现在情景对话题中，考查建议的提出与回应 2.书面表达：健康话题作文中should建议句型是核心得分点 3.健康话题阅读：阅读理解中健康生活方式类说明文是常考文体 Unit 1 Time to Relax 知识点1 scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌的，其同义词为afraid，常用于以下结构中： 1. be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 I’m certainly not scared of him. 我当然不怕他。 2. be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事 She is scared of going out alone.她不敢一个人外出。 3. be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 I was too scared to move. 我吓得动弹不得。 4. be scared +(that) 从句 害怕…… I’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。 注意：这些结构中的scared均可以替换为afraid，但afraid可用于“I’m afraid not/so.”，scared则不能。 scare，scared和scary scare v. & n. 害怕；恐惧 scared adj. 害怕的 形容人的感受 scary adj. 吓人的 用于描述事物的特征 The tiny mouse tried to scare the big cat with a scary roar. The cat looked scared for one second — then yawned. 小老鼠试图用一声可怕的吼叫吓唬大猫。猫害怕了一秒钟——然后打了个哈欠。 — How did you like the movie you watched last night? — It was so ________ and made me ________. A. scary; scary B. scary; scared C．scared; scary 句意：——你觉得你昨晚看的电影怎么样? ——它太可怕了，让我很害怕。scary令人害怕的，修饰物；scared感到害怕的，修饰人。根据"It was so...and made me...可知第一空修饰“movie”，需用描述事物特性的形容词scary；第二空表示“使我感到害怕”，需用描述人物感受的形容词scared。故选B。 知识点2 Unit 1 高频 -ed / -ing 形容词 -ing 形容词（修饰事物） 含义 -ed 形容词（修饰人的感受） 含义 relaxing 令人放松的 relaxed 感到放松的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感到有趣的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 感到无聊的 tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的 scary 令人害怕的 scared 感到害怕的 教材原句示例（Unit 1） Climbing alone is scary. （攀岩本身是“令人害怕的”事物 → scary） → I was *scared* at the beginning.（我感到害怕 → scared） What a relaxing weekend activity!（周末活动是“令人放松的”事物 → relaxing） → Listening to music makes me feel *relaxed*.（我感到放松 → relaxed） Skiing is such an exciting sport.（滑雪是“令人兴奋的”运动 → exciting） → She was *excited* about her first ski trip.（她感到兴奋 → excited） —What do you think of the film? —The story is not bad. But I felt a little _______ because it lasted over 3 hours. A．interesting B．boring C．bored D．interested 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你认为这部电影怎么样？——故事不错。但我觉得有点无聊，因为它持续了超过3个小时。interesting令人感兴趣的；boring令人无聊的；bored感到无聊的；interested感到感兴趣的。主语是I，表示人的感受通常用-ed结尾的形容词，排除A、B；根据“because it lasted over 3 hours”可知电影太长让人产生厌烦情绪，填bored。 知识点3 get over 克服（困难）；解决（问题）。其中over为介词，因此宾语无论是名词还是代词，均应放在over之后。 He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ll get over it.他没得到这份工作非常失望，不过他会想得开的。 “How would they get over that problem?” he wondered. “他们将怎样解决那个问题呢？”他琢磨着。 get over还可以表示“从（疾病、惊讶、悲伤等）中回复”。 It took her ages to get over her illness.她花了很长时间才把病治好。 As students, we have to ________ something that may get in the way of our development, like laziness. A．get back B．get away C．get over D．get down 句意：作为学生，我们必须克服一些可能会阻碍我们发展的东西，比如懒惰。get back回来；get away离开；get over克服; get down下来。根据“may get in the way of our development, like laziness”可知，阻碍我们发展的东西需要克服。故选C。 知识点4 When I started to do calligraphy, I spend hours practicing single strokes. 我刚开始练习语法时，花了好几个小时练习单个的笔画。 1. when引导的时间状语从句 ①when引导时间状语从句时，可表示具体的时间点或时间段。 When he arrived, I was cooking. 他来时，我正在做饭。（时间点） When I lived in Beijing, I often visited the Palace Museum. 我在北京居住期间，经常参观故宫博物院。（时间段） ②主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；主句为过去时，从句根据动作顺序用相应的时态。 I will call you when I arrive. 我到时给你打电话。（主将从现） They looked around when he called.他呼喊时他们回头张望。（主句一般过去时，从句一般过去时） when的常见结构 be about to do... when... 正要做某事，突然…… We were about to start when the lights went out. 我们正要开始，灯突然灭了。 had just done... when...刚做完某事，突然…… He had just finished his speech when the bell rang. 他刚做完演讲，铃声就响了。 3. spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事 2. What do you do in your spare time? 3. How do you occupy your leisure time?（稍正式，leisure time表闲暇） spend，cost，take与pay spend sb.＋spend＋time/money ＋ on sth.　“某人花时间/金钱在某物上” sb. ＋spend＋time/ money ＋ (in) doing sth.　“某人花时间/金钱做某事” He spends much of his pocket money on science books. 他把很多零花钱用在买科学书上。 She spent most of her life caring for others. 她花了大半辈子的时间照顾他人。 cost sth. ＋ cost ＋ sb. ＋money　“某物花费某人多少钱” It cost me 60 dollars to go to New York by train. 我乘火车到纽约花了60美元。 take It ＋ takes ＋ sb. ＋time ＋ to do sth.　“做某事花费某人多长时间” It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 到邮局花了我10分钟。 pay sb. ＋pay＋money＋for sth.　“某人为某物付多少钱” sb. ＋ pay for ＋ sth. “某人为某物付款” He has paid the doctor 50 yuan for the medicine. 他买药付给医生50元。 Mr. Green needn’t pay for his son’s tuition fees this year. 今年格林先生不需要给他儿子付学费了。 Yaming spends an hour ______ calligraphy every evening because it helps him _______ after studying. A．do; relax B．doing; relax C．do; relaxed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：亚明每天晚上花一个小时练习书法，因为这有助于他在学习之后放松。 spend time doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，第一空应用doing；help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，第二空应用动词原形relax。故选B。 知识点4 encourage的用法 encourage为动词，意为“鼓励”。常见搭配： （1）encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 如：They encourage boys to take part in ball games. 他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。 （2）encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人 如：My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。 1．My coach always encourages us ________ our best in every game. A．trying B．tried C．try D．to try 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的教练总是鼓励我们在每场比赛中尽最大努力。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 2．Mr. Li always encourages us ________ each other with kindness and warmth. A．treated B．to treat C．treating D．to treats 【答案】B 【详解】句意：李老师总是鼓励我们用善良和温暖对待彼此。根据“Mr. Li always encourages us...each other with kindness and warmth.”，此处为固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。应填to treat。 知识点5 express 【详解】变形：expression（n）表达；表情 expressive（adj）善于表达的；富有表现力的 词性及意义 固定搭配 典例 动词（v.） 表达；表述；传递（情感、想法等），及物动词，直接接宾语 1. express + n. 表达（情感/观点/想法） 2. express oneself 表达自己的想法/观点（高频短语） 3. express sth. to sb. 向某人表达某事 She expressed her thanks to the teacher. 她向老师表达了谢意。 形容词（adj.） 特快的；快递的；明确的 1. express train 特快列车 2. express delivery 快递 3. express thanks/apology 明确的谢意/歉意 We sent the parcel by express delivery. 我们用快递寄了这个包裹。 名词（n.） 快车；快递服务 1. take an express 乘坐快车 2. send sth. by express 通过快递寄送某物 3.domestic/international express 国内/国际快递 You can get this dress via express tomorrow. 这件裙子你明天就能通过快递收到 副词（adv.） 用快递；乘快车，使用场景少 Please send the document express. 请快递寄送这份文件。 —Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way. —I agree. Most poets describe this season to ________ a feeling of sadness, but in Liu’s eyes autumn is full of life and hope. A．excuse B．expect C．explain D．express 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——刘禹锡的《秋词》用一种不同的方式描述了秋天。——我同意。大多数诗人描述这个季节是为了表达一种悲伤的感觉，但在刘的眼中秋天充满了生机和希望。 excuse原谅；expect期待；explain解释；express表达。根据“Most poets describe this season to...a feeling of sadness”可知，大多数诗人描述这个季节是为了表达悲伤的感觉，应填express。 知识点6 give up 变形：gives up（三单），gave up（过去式），given up（过去分词） 核心用法&固定搭配 1. give up + n./pron. 放弃某物；戒除某习惯；让出某物 例句：He gave up his job last week. 他上周辞去了工作。 例句：My father gave up smoking last year. 我爸爸去年戒烟了。 2. give up + doing sth. 放弃做某事（高频核心结构，后接动词必须用ing形式） 例句：Don't give up learning English. 不要放弃学习英语。 例句：She gave up running because of the pain. 她因为疼痛放弃了跑步。 3. give up on sb./sth. 对某人/某事绝望；不再抱有希望 例句：We never give up on our students. 我们从不对学生放弃希望。 —I think your grandfather should ________ smoking. —I agree. Smoking is bad for his health. A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．take up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我认为你的祖父应该戒掉吸烟。——我同意。吸烟对他的健康有害。put up张贴，搭建；give up放弃，戒除；pick up捡起，接载；take up占据，开始从事。根据“Smoking is bad for his health.”可知，此处建议祖父停止吸烟，give up与smoking搭配意为“戒烟”，符合语境逻辑。 知识点7 Fu Xing used to be scared of water,but she stared swimming to get over her fear.付星过去怕水，但她开始游泳以克服恐惧。 【详解】①辨析used to do sth.， be/get used to （doing） sth.与be used to do sth. 结构 意义及用法 例句 used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，只用于过去时。说明现在不做了。 I used to get up late in the morning， but now I’m used to getting up early. 我过去早上常常起得很晚，但我现在习惯早起。 be/get used to （doing） sth. 意为“习惯于（做）某事”，其中to是介词。 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。 A knife is used to cut things. 刀是用来切东西的。 Jenny used to ________ afraid of the dark, but now she has got used to ________ alone. A．be; sleep B．being; sleeping C．be; sleeping D．being; sleep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：珍妮过去怕黑，但现在她已经习惯了独自睡觉。 used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，“to”后接动词原形；get used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”，“to”是介词，后接动名词。根据第一空前“used to”可知，第一空应填动词原形be，表示过去怕黑；根据第二空前“has got used to”可知，第二空应填动名词sleeping，表示习惯于独自睡觉。 知识点8 But I was afraid to sing in front of others at first.但我一开始害怕在别人面前唱歌。（教材P3） 【详解】 知识点9 How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult?当你成功做到某件困难的事情时，你通常感觉如何？ manage的名词形式有两种： ①manager n. 经理，管理人； ②management n. 经营，管理（不可数）。 知识点10 His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian.最新的应用程序让世界各地的人可以找到学习意大利语的学习伙伴。 allow的用法 如：The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.医生也许会允许她下周回去上班。 Apps like WeChat allow us ________ with others any time and anywhere. A．to talk B．talking C．to talking D．talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：像微信这样的应用程序让我们可以随时随地和他人交谈。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，使用不定式作宾语补足语。 知识点11 ①I think it's interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries.我认为看看国外美丽的建筑和风景很有趣。（教材P7） It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 ②However, it is impolite to ask someone's age, weight, or other personal information. 然而，询问别人的年龄、体重或其他个人信息是不礼貌的。 It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 （1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。 如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。 （2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。 如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。 1．I find it joyful ________ with Doubao when you feel upset. A．chat B．to chat C．chatting D．to chatting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你感到难过时，我发现和豆包聊天很快乐。固定搭配find it + adj. + to do sth.表示发现做某事是……的。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。应填to chat。 2．It is selfish (自私) ________ him ________ his umbrella with others. A．of, to not share B．for, not to share C．of, not to share D．for, to not share 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他不和别人共用雨伞，真是太自私了。本句是固定句型“It is+adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.”，当形容词描述人的品质时，用of，意为“某人做某事真是……”；当形容词描述事物性质时，用for，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。句中selfish“自私的”，是描述人的品质，应该用of；动词不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not，即not to share。 知识点12 She liked it so much that she put it up one her bedroom wall!她非常喜欢它，以至于把它贴在了她卧室的墙上！（教材P7） ① so....that......表示“如此.以至于…”，引导结果状语从句 结构：so+形容词/副词+that+从句 She was so tired that she fell asleep at once. （她太累了，以至于立刻睡着了。） 【妙辨异同】so…that…/so that/such…that… 辨析 意义及用法 so… that… 意为“如此.以至于…”，引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词或副词。可与too… to…结构互换。 so that 意为“为了”，引导目的状语从句。可与in order that互换。 such… that… 意为“如此....以致于....”，引导结果状语从句，such后接名词。 【注意】 such＋a/an＋adj. ＋可数名词单数(＋that从句)＝ so＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋that从句) 当名词前有many, much, few或little等词修饰时，其前必须用so而不用such。 — My English is poor. What should I do? — OK. I’ll buy a dictionary for you ________ you can learn English better. A．although B．so that C．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我的英语很差。我该怎么办？——好的，我会给你买一本词典，这样你就能更好地学习英语。although虽然；so that以便，为了；if如果。买字典的目的是为了更好地学习英语，前后句构成目的关系。so that引导目的状语从句，符合题意。应填so that。 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 知识点1 You don't look well. What's wrong？ 【详解】“What's wrong”表示“怎么了？/出什么事了？”，常用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题，其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用。 【拓展延伸】 重点：“What’ s the matter with sb? ”的同义句型： ►What’s the  trouble with sb? ►What’s the matter with sb?  ►What’s up?   ►What happens to sb.?  【注意】matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是形容词，不能加the。 ．—________? —I have a headache and I feel terrible. A．What’s the matter B．What are you doing C．How are you D．What do you like 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——怎么了？——我头痛，感觉很难受。 What’s the matter怎么了；What are you doing你在做什么；How are you你好吗；What do you like你喜欢什么。根据答语“I have a headache and I feel terrible.”可知，回答者身体不舒服，陈述了健康状况。询问对方身体状况或发生了什么事常用“What’s the matter”。 知识点2：I have a stomachache. I ate too much at my friend’s birthday party yesterday. 【详解1】I have a stomachache. 我患胃痛。 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 常见的生病/看病用语 ①询问病情常用语： ②表示生病的短语： ③当得知某人生病或住院时，常用“I’m sorry to hear that.”来回应。 ④询问别人现在病情如何时，常用“How are you feeling now？”；当表示“好多了”时常用“Much better./Fine./I’m feeling quite well now.”来回答。 —I have a terrible ________. It’s hard for me to chew food. —You should see a dentist as soon as possible. A．throat B．toothache C．stomachache D．fever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我牙痛得厉害。我很难咀嚼食物。——你应该尽快去看牙医。 throat喉咙；toothache牙痛；stomachache胃痛；fever发烧。根据“It’s hard for me to chew food.”及“see a dentist”可知，咀嚼困难且需要看牙医，说明是牙痛，应填toothache。 知识点3 too much/too many/much too 短语 含义 用法 例句 too much 太多 后接不可数名词 There is too much rain these days 修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many things for me to do every day. much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 It’s much too cold in winter. I can’t hear Tom clearly (清楚地) because there are ________ people in the room and he speaks ________ fast. A．too many; much too B．too much; much too C．much too; too many 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我听不清Tom的话，因为房间里人太多，而且他说得太快了。 too many修饰可数名词复数；too much修饰不可数名词；much too修饰形容词或副词。第一空修饰people，为可数名词复数，应用too many；第二空修饰fast，为副词，应用much too。故选A。 知识点4 Accidents often happen in sport. Be more careful next time! 【详解】 辨析happen与take place 词（组） 用法 happen 意为“发生；碰巧”，一般用于偶然或者突发的事件 sth. happen（s） to sb.某人发生某事 sb. happen（s） to do sth.某人碰巧做某事 take place 意为“发生；出现；举行”，一般指有计划的安排 【注意】 ①二者均有“发生”之意，都是不及物动词（词组），不能用于被动语态。 ②二者表示的都是“瞬间”的意思，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。 1．________ to his arm during the rescue yesterday? A．What happened B．What happens C．What will happen D．What is happening 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天救援时他的手臂怎么了？   考查动词时态。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，事情发生在过去，需用一般过去时。选项中只有A项使用了过去时态happened，符合语境。故选A。 2．—Oh dear! There is something wrong with my computer. It’s not working at all. —Well, it ________. Just reboot (重启) it. A．happens B．happened C．is happening D．will happen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——唉！我的电脑出毛病了。它根本不工作。——唉，这事儿就这么发生了。你重新启动一下它吧。考查一般现在时。happens一般现在时；happened一般过去时；is happening现在进行时；will happen一般将来时。表示经常发生或存在的状态，应用一般现在时。故选A。 知识点5 Would you like some snacks? Help yourself! 【用法详解】本句是表示建议的句型。其中，would like相当于want，但比want语气委婉，其常见用法有： would like would like sth.想要某物 would like to do sth. 想要做某事 would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 重点： Eg.He would like a cup of tea. 他想要一杯茶。 I would like to go shopping on weekends. 我想要周末去购物。 Mom would like me to buy some salt for her. 妈妈想让我帮她买些盐。 【拓展延伸】重点：Would you like ...?的常见答语 句式 肯定回答 否定回答 Would you like sth.? Yes, please. No, thanks. Would you like to do sth.? Sure/Certainly, I’d love to. Sorry, I can’t./I’m afraid not. I have to... —Kate, the new film Cold War 1994 is worth watching. Would you like to watch it together? —________. Let’s book tickets online right away. A．Good idea B．My pleasure C．Enjoy your time D．That’s right 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——凯特，新电影《冷战 1994》值得一看。你想一起看吗？——好主意。我们马上网上订票吧。Good idea好主意，用于回应建议表示赞同；My pleasure很高兴能帮上忙，常用于回应感谢；Enjoy your time祝你玩得愉快，用于祝愿他人；That’s right没错，表示确认事实正确。根据下文“马上订票”可知对方同意了建议。 知识点6 enough意为“足够的”，既可作形容词也可作副词。 重点：名前形副后 enough+名词 形容词/副词+enough 足够的钱 enough money 足够漂亮 beautiful enough He didn’t do his homework ________, though he had ________. A．carefully enough; enough time B．careful enough; time enough C．carelessly enough; enough time D．careless enough; enough time 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管他有足够的时间，但他做作业不够仔细。 考查 enough 的用法和副词修饰动词。enough 修饰形容词或副词时后置，修饰名词时前置。第一空修饰动词 do，需用副词 carefully，enough 置于其后；第二空修饰名词 time，enough 置于其前。故选 A。 知识点7 I didn't have much energy. When I tried to get out of bed, I almost fell and hurt myself. 【详解】 get out of摆脱；逃避；从……出来 反义短语：get into（陷入/进入，动词短语） 固定搭配： get out of bed → 起床 get out of trouble → 摆脱麻烦 get out of a bad habit → 改掉坏习惯 例句： It's hard for him to get out of bed early in winter.（冬天他很难早起。） He tried to get out of doing the housework.（他试图逃避做家务。） 【归纳拓展】 常见get构成的短语： She ________ some problems. Let’s help her ________ them. A．got on; get out of B．got into; get out of C．got into; run out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她遇到了一些问题。让我们帮助她摆脱它们。 考查动词短语辨析。got on上车；got into陷入；get out of摆脱；run out of用完。根据“some problems”可知，此处指遇到一些问题，第一空应用got into；根据“help her...them”可知，此处指帮助她摆脱问题，第二空应用get out of。故选B。 知识点8 It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. 【详解】stop……from 用法详解：阻止/制止某人/某物做某事，from后接动名词 1. stop sb./sth. from doing sth.（最常用，完整结构） 例：We must stop factories from polluting rivers.（我们必须阻止工厂污染河流） 2. stop sb./sth. doing sth.（省略from，英美通用） 例：She stopped the boy running on the road.（她制止男孩在马路上跑） 3. stop from doing sth.（省略sb./sth.，主语是动作承受者） 例：The spread of the disease was stopped from spreading.（疾病传播被遏制了） 1．We should stop people from ________ down trees. A．cut B．to cut C．cutting D．cutted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该阻止人们砍倒树木。 固定搭配stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词from后接动词的-ing形式。应填cutting。 2．—Smoking is bad for our health. The second-hand smoke is also bad for others. —I agree with you. I must ask my dad to ________ A．stop smoking B．stop to smoking C．stop to smoke 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——吸烟对我们的健康有害。二手烟也对别人有害。——我同意你的观点。我必须让我爸爸停止吸烟。stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事情”，stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做某事”。根据前文“Smoking is bad for our health.”可知吸烟有害健康，所以是让爸爸戒掉吸烟，即停止正在做的这件事，应用stop doing结构。故选A。 知识点9 I didn't expect to see someone around the corner. 【详解】 expect v. 期待；期望；预料 词汇拓展：expectation（期望/期待，n.）；expectancy（预期/期待，n.） expected（预期的，adj.）；unexpected（意外的，adj.） 固定搭配： expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事 expect sth. from sb.从某人那里期待某事 as expected 正如预期 例句： Parents expect their children to study hard.（父母期望他们的孩子努力学习。） As expected, he passed the exam easily.（正如预期，他轻松通过了考试。） 【句型剖析】 辨析expect， hope， wish与look forward to 词（组） 常见搭配 expect ①expect （sb.） to do sth. 期望（某人）做某事 ②expect＋that从句 期望…… hope ①hope to do sth. 希望做某事 ②hope＋that从句　希望…… wish ①wish （sb.） to do sth. 希望（某人）做某事 ②wish＋从句（通常用虚拟语气） 希望……（一般表示难以实现的愿望） ③wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人…… look forward to look forward to （doing） sth. 期待（做）某事 The ________ of China-US high-level strategic dialogue (中美高层战略对话) is to solve differences and disagreement between two countries. China ________ the US to stop interference (干扰) and avoid confrontation (对抗). A．content, hopes B．purpose, expects C．meaning, wishes D．conclusion, warns 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中美高层战略对话的目的是解决两个国家之间的差异和分歧。中国期望美国停止干扰和对抗。考查名词辨析及动词辨析。content内容；purpose目的；meaning意义；conclusion总结；hopes希望，指对愿望实现有一定信心的希望，多指可以达到的事；expects期望；wishes希望，通常用于难以实现或达到的事；warns警告。根据“...to solve differences and disagreement between two countries”可知，解决两个国家之间的差异和分歧是中美高层战略对话的目的，故第一个空填purpose；再根据“...to stop interference (干扰) and avoid confrontation (对抗).”可知，中国期望美国停止干扰和对抗。故选B。 知识点10 Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. 【拓展延伸】turn构成的常用短语： turn turn down 调低；拒绝 turn off 关闭 turn back 折回；往回走 turn up 调高 turn on 打开 turn away 扭头；转身 —It’s time for the weather report. Could I ______ the TV, Dad? —Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow. A．turn on B．turn off C．turn down D．turn up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 天气预报时间到了。爸爸，我能打开电视吗？—— 去吧，我也想知道明天的天气。 turn on打开；turn off关闭；turn down调小（音量）；turn up调大（音量）。根据“天气预报时间到了”以及爸爸的回应“去吧，我也想知道明天的天气”可知，说话人是想打开电视看天气预报，应选turn on。 知识点11 She was suffering from shock and her arm was bleeding. 【详解】shock v. 使震惊；使惊愕 / n. 震惊；惊愕；休克 词汇拓展：shocked（感到震惊的，adj.）；shocking（令人震惊的，adj.） shockingly（令人震惊地，adv.） 固定搭配： be shocked at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊 a great shock巨大的震惊 electric shock电击 例句： I was shocked by the news of his sudden death.（他突然去世的消息让我感到震惊。） The movie has some shocking scenes.（这部电影有一些令人震惊的场景。） 【易混辨析】shocked与shocking shocked “感到震惊的”，表示人对事物的感受，主语通常为人 shocking “令人震惊的”，表示事物的性质或状态，主语通常为物 Eg.We were all shocked at the shocking news. 我们都对这条惊人的消息感到震惊。 —Did you hear of the ________ accident? —Yes. The bad news made every one of us ________. A．shocked; shocking B．shocking; shocked C．shocked; shocked D．shocking; shocking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你听说那起令人震惊的事故了吗？——是的。这个坏消息让我们每个人都很震惊。shocking令人震惊的，常修饰物；shocked感到震惊的，常修饰人。根据“Did you hear of…the accident ?”可知，第一空修饰accident，指事物性质，用shocking；根据“The bad news made every one of us…”可知，第二空修饰us，指人的感受，用shocked。应填shocking；shocked。 Units 1~2 重点语法 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语，其基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。 2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——不定式（短语）放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语，你真是太好了。 作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语，通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。 作宾语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下： 想要干：want， wish， hope， expect， would like/love， like 早打算：plan， prepare， mean 同意否：agree， offer， refuse 问问看：ask， afford 决定了：decide， make up one’s mind， promise 开始学：begin/start， learn 尽力干：manage（反义词fail）， try 努力做：make an effort 莫等待：wait 别忘记：forget（反义词remember） ②在find， think等词后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the station. 他同意在车站接我。 ②I think it difficult to finish the program in two weeks. 我觉得要在两周内完成这个项目很难。 作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise， allow， ask， encourage， force， help， invite， order， teach， tell， warn， wish， want/would like， expect， get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。 作定语 不定式（短语）作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。 作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。（目的状语） ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子，结果却发现它是空的。（结果状语） ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。（原因状语） 【拓展】 1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时，后一个不定式往往省略to。如： The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. 2.省略to的常见句型： ①Why not do sth.？ ＝ Why don’t you do sth.？ 为什么不……呢？ ②Could/Would/Will you please （not） do sth.？ 你可以（不）做……吗？ ③had better （not） do sth. 最好（不要）做某事 ④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B ⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。 ⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 3.含动词不定式的特殊句型： ①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 ②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 ③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 ④adj.＋enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 ⑤too...to... 太……而不能…… 易错提醒：非谓语和祈使句的辨析 若逗号后无连词，直接跟一个句子，则前半句用非谓语动词；若有逗号，且逗号后有and或or等并列连词，则前半句为祈使句。 如：①To catch the early bus， Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公交车，露西今天早上起得很早。 ②Hurry up， or we will miss the train. 快点儿，否则我们就赶不上火车了。 1．Parents should allow children ________ their own ideas. A．express B．expressing C．expressed D．to express 【答案】D 【详解】句意：父母应该允许孩子们表达他们自己的想法。根据“Parents should allow children...their own ideas.”可知，此处是“allow sb. to do sth.”结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以空处应该用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 2．—Do you expect ______ the coming sports meeting? —Yes, I’m ready to compete in it. A．join B．to join C．take part in D．to take part in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你期待参加即将到来的运动会吗？——是的，我已经准备好参加比赛了。join参加（后接组织或人）；to join参加；take part in参加（后接活动）；to take part in参加。根据“expect to do sth.”表示“期待做某事”，以及“the coming sports meeting”是活动，应用to take part in。应填to take part in。 3．It is ________ for me ________ the project on time without your help. A．impossible; finish B．impossible; to finish C．possible; finish D．possible; to finishing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没有你的帮助，对我来说按时完成这个项目是不可能的。 固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，第二空需填to finish。由“without your help”可知没有帮助难以完成，第一空填impossible。 4．Ms Brown always encourages me ________ afraid of making mistakes. A．not to be B．not be C．to be D．being 【答案】A 【详解】句意：布朗女士总是鼓励我不要害怕犯错误。 固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，根据语境及逻辑可知是鼓励不要害怕犯错误，即encourage sb. not to do sth.。be afraid of是固定短语，表示“害怕……”，应填not to be。 5．—Mum, I’m always too tired after finishing homework. What should I do? —Well, I advise you ________ your time better every day. Also, you should avoid ________ up late. A．spending; staying B．to spend; to stay C．to spend; staying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我做完作业后总是很累。我该怎么办？——嗯，我建议你每天更好地规划时间。另外，你应该避免熬夜。 第一空，advise后接不定式作宾语补足语，即advise sb. to do sth.，表示“建议某人做某事”；第二空，avoid后接动名词作宾语，即avoid doing sth.，表示“避免做某事”。 二、情态动词should/could的用法 情态动词should的用法 情态动词should意为“应当；应该”，后接动词 原形 ，没有人称和数的变化。 一、should的句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+ should +动词原形+其他 We should help the people in trouble. 否定句 主语+ shouldn’t +动词原形+其他 They shouldn’t eat too much. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ should +主语+动词原形+其他？ Where should we meet? 一般疑问句 Should +主语+动词原形+其他？ —It’s too cold. Should I close the window? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语+ should. —Yes, you should. 否定回答 No, 主语+shouldn’t. —No, you shouldn’t. 二、should的基本用法及示例 用法 示例 表示劝告、建议 You should answer the question in English.你应该用英语回答这个问题。 表示义务、责任 Children should do their homework by themselves.孩子们应该独自做作业。 表示推断、判断 They should be at home now, I think.我认为，他们现在应该在家。 表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等 How should I know?我怎么会知道？ 情态动词could的用法 can 的过去式 礼貌地请求 提出建议 推测 could 一、提出礼貌的请求 could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有： 1. Could you +动词原形+...? 2. Could you please+动词原形+...? 意为＂请你做……好吗? ＂句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. ☞ Li Lei, could you please help me? 李雷，请你帮我个忙好吗？ ☞ —Could you come here soon? 你尽快过来，行吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 ☞ —Could you please close the window? 请你关上窗户好吗？ —I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。 【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...? 【知识拓展】 Would you mind doing sth? 也可表示请求，常用句型： Would you please + do sth? Would you + do sth? 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I’d love to. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. / I’d love to, but... ☞ —Would you mind cleaning your room? 你介意去打扫你的房间吗？ —No. I’d like to. 不，我很乐意。 二、表示请求许可 1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为： Could I/we +动词原形+...? 意为＂请问我（们）能做……吗? ＂ 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you can’t. 【温馨提示】在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。 ☞ Could I come in? 我可以进来吗？ 2. 另外，用Could I ...？时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could，而要用can。 ☞ —Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ —Yes, you can. 是的，可以。学！科网 3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语 肯定回答常用语：Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can. 否定回答常用语：I’m afraid not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, you can’t. 三、could与can的区别 could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同： 1. can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。 ☞ Can you tell us your story, Tony? 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，托尼？ 2. could表示有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。 ☞ —Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 1．As the head of the team, I try to improve ________ to set an example and encourage others to believe in ________. A．me; they B．me; themselves C．myself; they D．myself; themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作为团队负责人，我努力提升我自己以树立榜样，并鼓励其他人相信他们自己。me我，人称代词宾格；they他们，人称代词主格；myself我自己、themselves他们自己，为反身代词。第一空：improve后面需要用反身代词表示“提升自己”，主语是I，对应的反身代词是myself；第二空：believe in oneself是固定搭配，表示“相信自己”，与宾语others（其他人）相一致，对应的反身代词是 themselves。 2．Don’t deal with all the problems ________. You can ask ________ teammates for advice. A．yours; your B．yours; yours C．yourself; your D．yourself; yours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要独自处理所有问题。你可以向你的队友寻求建议。第一空，隐含主语为you，表示“你自己”，需用反身代词yourself，yours为名词性物主代词，不符合语境；第二空，修饰名词teammates，需用形容词性物主代词your，yours后不能接名词。 3．Some tourists fall in love with Ganzhou ________ rather than just its tourist attractions. A．themselves B．itself C．herself D．ourselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有些游客爱上了赣州本身，而不仅仅是它的旅游景点。 themselves他们自己；itself它自己；herself她自己；ourselves我们自己。根据“rather than just its tourist attractions”可知，游客爱上的不只是景点，而是赣州这座城市本身，Ganzhou为城市名，指代事物，应用it的反身代词itself。 4．When you find ________ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ________ possible for you to get out of danger. A．you; it B．you; it’s C．yourself; it D．yourself; itself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你发现自己身处险境时，正确的决定会让你脱离危险成为可能。 you你；it它；it’s它是；yourself你自己；itself它自己。第一空，主语是you，当宾语指代主语自身时，应用反身代词yourself，排除A、B；第二空，考查固定句型make it possible for sb. to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，排除D。应填yourself；it。 5．Linda, you should believe in________. That’s the secret of success. A．myself B．himself C．herself D．yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Linda，你应该相信你自己。那是成功的秘诀。 句子是对Linda的直接劝告，反身代词要和主语you保持一致。 myself（我自己）、himself（他自己）、herself（她自己）均不符合人称要求；yourself（你自己）与you对应，符合语境。 3、 反身代词 类别 反身代词 第一人称 单数 myself 复数 ourselves 第二人称 单数 yourself 复数 yourselves 第三人称 单数 himself herself itself 复数 themselves 2.常见含反身代词的短语 ①动词之后 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学 hurt oneself伤到自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 help oneself to随便吃/喝…… lose oneself in沉浸在……中 make oneself at home别拘束，别客气 prove oneself 证明自己 ②介词之后 keep...to oneself保守秘密 laugh to oneself 暗自发笑 look after/take care of oneself照顾自己 say to oneself自言自语 think to oneself盘算，自思自忖 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 believe in oneself相信自己 1．______ you please help me carry the heavy box? A．Should B．Must C．Could D．Need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？ Should应该；Must必须；Could能，可以；Need需要。根据句中的“please”及语境可知，此处是向对方提出委婉请求，常用“Could you please...?”句型，Could符合语境。 2．She ______ swim when she was five, but now she can’t. A．should B．could C．must D．may 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她五岁时会游泳，但现在不会了。   should应该；could能够（过去式）；must必须；may可以。根据“when she was five”及“now she can’t”可知，描述过去的能力，could符合语境。 13．—I have a lot of e-waste like old phones. What ________ I do with them? —You ________ take them to special recycling (回收) centre. It’s good for the planet. A．may; must B．should; could C．mustn’t; should D．should; couldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 我有很多像旧手机这样的电子垃圾，我应该怎么处理它们？—— 你可以把它们送到专门的回收中心，这对地球有好处。 may可以; must必须；should应该; could可以、能够；mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能，第一空是询问处理电子垃圾的建议，用should（应该）符合语境；第二空是给出可行的处理方式，用could（可以）表示合理建议，符合对话逻辑。A 选项must语气过于强硬，C 选项mustn’t语义完全不符，D 选项couldn’t语义矛盾。 4．He left home an hour ago, so he _________ get to the station on time. The train leaves in two hours. A．mustn’t B．should C．can’t D．might not 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他一小时前就出门了，所以他应该准时到达车站。火车还有两小时才开。 mustn’t禁止；should应该；can’t不可能；might not可能不。根据“一小时前出门”和“火车还有两小时才开”，可以判断时间非常充裕，他应该能准时到，故选B。 5．The movie starts in 10 minutes. We _________ hurry, or we’ll miss the beginning. A．should B．can’t C．mustn’t D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影还有10分钟就开始了。我们应该快点，否则会错过开头。 should应该（表示建议、责任或合理的做法）；can’t不能/不可能（表示能力否定或推测否定）；mustn’t禁止（表示强烈的不允许）；may可能/可以（表示不确定推测或许可）。句中“电影还有10分钟就开始，否则会错过开头”，说明“快点” 是一个合理、必要的建议，因此用should（应该）最符合语境。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Our school library allows students ________ up to five books at a time. A．to borrow B．borrow C．borrowing D．borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校图书馆允许学生一次最多借五本书。 allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，空处用动词不定式。故填to borrow。 2．Although it is a difficult task, we should make every effort ________ it before the deadline. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish D．to finishing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管这是一项艰巨的任务，我们应该尽一切努力在截止日期前完成它。 固定短语make every effort to do sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”，此处应用不定式作目的状语。应填to finish。 3．My mom of ten tells me ________ too much time playing computer games, because it’s bad for my eyes. A．not to spend B．don’t spend C．not spend D．to spend 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这十年来，我妈妈告诉我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏，因为这对我的眼睛不好。 根据固定搭配 tell sb. not to do sth.(告诉某人不要做某事)，可知此处需要用动词不定式的否定形式not to spend，因此选A。 4．As a new engineer, Andy didn’t know ________ when he took the job at the beginning. A．to achieve what B．what can I achieve C．what to achieve D．what achieve 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一名新工程师，安迪刚开始接手这份工作时不知道自己要达成什么目标。 动词know后需接宾语，此处使用“疑问词what+动词不定式to achieve”结构，相当于宾语从句，意为“要实现什么”。B选项宾语从句语序错误，应用陈述语序；A选项疑问词位置错误；D选项缺少不定式符号to。 5．— It’s polite ________ you ________ the line in public . — Thank you. That’s what I should do. A．of; to jump B．for; to jump C．of; not to jump D．for; not to jump 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在公共场合不插队是有礼貌的。——谢谢你。这是我应该做的。 第一空：根据“It’s+形容词+of/for sb.+to do sth.”固定句型，polite是描述人的品质、性格的形容词，此时介词用of，排除for开头的B、D 选项；第二空：jump the line意为“插队”，根据常识可知，公共场合“不插队”才是有礼貌的行为，因此要用不定式的否定形式not to jump，排除表示肯定含义的A选项。of; not to jump符合语境和语法要求。 6．—Did you have a good time doing exercise with your friends last weekend? —Yes, we _________ ourselves very much and felt very energetic. A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed D．will enjoy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——上周末你和朋友们锻炼时玩得愉快吗？——是的，我们玩得非常愉快，并且感到精力充沛。问句中的时间状语“last weekend”以及答语中并列谓语“felt”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，应填enjoyed。 7．—Tom lost his wallet on the way to school. —________ , a kind-hearted man found it and returned it to him. A．Clearly B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Usually 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆在上学路上丢了钱包。——幸运的是，一位好心的男士捡到了它并归还给了他。Clearly清楚地；Suddenly突然地；Luckily幸运地；Usually通常地。根据“a kind-hearted man found it and returned it to him”可知，钱包失而复得是一件幸运的事，符合语境。 8．We must always remember that ________ comes first when we do sports. A．exercise B．energy C．health D．safety 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们必须始终记住，当我们做运动时，安全是第一位的。 exercise锻炼；energy能量；health健康；safety安全。根据“when we do sports”可知，运动时首要注意的是避免受伤，安全最重要，符合“安全第一”的常识。 9．—The team lost because the members just didn’t work together. —Exactly! Team members were only thinking of ________, not passing the ball! A．myself B．herself C．themselves D．ourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个队输了，因为队员们没有合作。——确实！队员们只想着他们自己，不传球！myself我自己；herself她自己；themselves他们自己；ourselves我们自己。根据主语“Team members”可知是复数第三人称，对应的反身代词是themselves。 10．Mr Lu knows how to teach his child because he used to be a teacher ________. A．yourself B．herself C．himself D．myself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：陆先生知道如何教育他的孩子，因为他自己曾经是一名老师。 yourself你自己；herself她自己；himself他自己；myself我自己。根据句中主语he可知，此处强调他本人曾经是一名老师，应选用与he对应的反身代词himself。 二、单词拼写 1．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）I make some time ________ (take) online tours of famous places every weekend. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我每个周末都会腾出时间在线游览著名景点。固定搭配“make time to do sth.”意为“腾出时间做某事”，此处需填动词不定式，故填to take。 2．（25-26八年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中）________, (surprise) he passed the difficult exam at last. 【答案】Surprisingly 【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，他最终通过了那次困难的考试。根据空格后逗号及句意，需填副词作状语，修饰整个句子。surprise的副词形式是surprisingly“令人惊讶地”，位于句首首字母大写。 3．（25-26八年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中）I’d like ________ (buy) a new pair of shoes. 【答案】to buy 【详解】句意：我想买一双新鞋。would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，故填不定式to buy。 4．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段检测）Moreover, Lily advises us _________ (not buy) pirated books in order to respect the author. 【答案】not to buy 【详解】句意：此外，莉莉建议我们不要购买盗版书籍以尊重作者。动词advise的用法为advise sb (not) to do sth，意思是“建议某人（不要）做某事”，因此空格需要填动词不定式的否定形式，即not to buy。 5．（25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）Thanks for your advice! It made me ________ (decide) to try skating. 【答案】decide 【详解】句意：谢谢你的建议！它让我决定去尝试滑冰。“decide”“决定”，是动词。句中“made”是使役动词“make”的过去式，其固定用法为“make sb. do sth.”，意为“使某人做某事”，即“make”后接宾语再接省略“to”的动词原形，因此用“decide”。 6．（25-26八年级下·云南昆明·期中）I’m suffering from a terrible ________. (tooth) 【答案】toothache 【详解】句意：我正遭受严重的牙痛之苦。句中“suffer from”其后通常接表示疾病或疼痛的名词。结合形容词“terrible”和冠词“a”，此处应填入表示“牙痛”的名词“toothache”，构成“have/suffer from a toothache”的常用表达。故填toothache。 7．（25-26八年级下·甘肃兰州·期中）Mr. Wang gave us a clear ________ (describe) about his life in the past. 【答案】description 【详解】句意：王先生给我们清晰地描述了他过去的生活。句中不定冠词a和形容词clear后需接名词，提示此处应将动词describe转化为名词形式。结合语境，对应的名词是description（意为“描述”）。 8．（25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）After taking the safety training, we can enjoy ________ in the mountains. (we) 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：在参加完安全培训后，我们可以在山里玩得开心。及物动词enjoy后需接宾语，此处是指“我们自己玩得开心”，构成固定搭配enjoy oneself；主语为we（我们），对应的反身代词形式为ourselves（表示“我们自己”），故填ourselves。 9．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）After the school trip to Wuxi Plum Garden, he was tired out. By the time he ________ (lie) down on the sofa, he fell asleep. 【答案】lay 【详解】句意：学校组织去无锡梅园的旅行后，他累坏了。当他躺在沙发上时，就睡着了。根据句中“was tired out”和“fell asleep”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时；此处lie down意为“躺下”，动词lie表示“躺”时，其过去式为lay。 10．（25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）I won’t leave until you ________ (tell) me the truth. 【答案】tell 【详解】句意：直到你告诉我真相，我才会离开。句中主句为一般将来时“won’t leave”，“until”引导的时间状语从句需遵循“主将从现”规则，故从句用一般现在时；主语you是第二人称，谓语动词用原形tell。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 （25-26八年级下·湖北武汉·期中） 阅读下面材料，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 James lived with his friend Allen in the city. One day, he decided to make fried chicken. First, he 1 oil into a pan. Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he 2 the chicken. Just then, he heard the sound of Allen singing. “Guess What,” Allen called out 3 . “We won!” “No way!” James followed him into the living room to talk about the football game. Suddenly, they smelt 4 and rushed back into the kitchen. The pan was on fire! Large flames were jumping into the air. In a panic, James 5 the stove at once. But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. James cried out and threw himself to the 6 . He put out the fire by 7 on the ground, but the pan was still burning! “Get water, quick!” he shouted! Allen was about to do so when he 8 . Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much 9 ! Instead, he rushed to get the fire extinguisher. In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was out. Luckily, they were not badly 30 . 1．A．cut B．mixed C．poured D．turned 2．A．hid B．prepared C．fed D．greeted 3．A．carefully B．sadly C．nervously D．happily 4．A．blood B．smoke C．food D．medicine 5．A．turned off B．picked up C．took back D．put away 6．A．window B．door C．floor D．wall 7．A．sleeping B．rolling C．climbing D．running 8．A．looked straight B．came along C．sat still D．stopped short 9．A．lighter B．worse C．cooler D．smaller 30．A．helped B．hurt C．treated D．used 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 30．B 【导语】本文讲述了詹姆斯做炸鸡时因分心导致油锅起火，艾伦运用在学校学到的急救知识，用灭火器扑灭大火，避免两人严重受伤的故事。 【详解】1．句意：首先，他把油倒进锅里。 根据下文的“the oil to heat”以及烹饪常识，做炸鸡需要先把油“倒”入锅中，应选用poured表示“倒”。cut“切”，mixed“混合”，turned“转动”，均不符合烹饪步骤。 2．句意：然后他打开炉子，让油加热，同时他去准备鸡肉。 根据上下文，油在加热的同时，詹姆斯去处理鸡肉，应选用prepared表示“准备”。hid“躲藏”，fed“喂养”，greeted“问候”，均不符合语境。 3．句意：“猜猜怎么了，”艾伦高兴地喊道。“我们赢了！” 根据下文“We won!”以及艾伦开心的语气，可知他是“高兴地”喊叫，应选用happily表示“高兴地”。carefully“仔细地”，sadly“悲伤地”，nervously“紧张地”，均不符合语境。 4．句意：突然，他们闻到了烟味，赶紧冲回厨房。 根据下文油锅起火，可知他们闻到的是“烟味”，应选用smoke表示“烟”。blood“血”，food“食物”，medicine“药”，均不符合语境。 5．句意：惊慌之中，詹姆斯立刻关掉了炉子。 油锅着火后，第一时间应“关掉”炉子，切断热源，应选用turned off表示“关掉”。picked up“捡起”，took back“收回”，put away“收好”，均不符合语境。 6．句意：詹姆斯大叫一声，扑倒在地上。 根据下文“on the ground”可知，他扑倒在地板上，应选用floor表示“地板”。window“窗户”，door“门”，wall“墙”，均不符合语境。 7．句意：他通过在地上打滚扑灭了自己身上的火，但锅还在燃烧！ 根据常识，身上着火时应通过“打滚”来灭火，应选用rolling表示“滚动、打滚”。sleeping“睡觉”，climbing“爬”，running“跑”，均不符合语境。 8．句意：艾伦正要去做，突然停住了。 根据下文他想起来水会使油火更严重，可知他“突然停住”了动作，应选用stopped short表示“突然停住”。looked straight“直视”，came along“出现”，sat still“静坐”，均不符合语境。 9．句意：多亏了他在学校上过的急救和安全课，他知道水会让油火变得更糟！ 根据科学常识，水遇到油火会使火势扩大，应用worse表示“更糟的”。lighter“更轻的”，cooler“更凉的”，smaller“更小的”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：幸运的是，他们没有被严重烧伤。 根据上文两人及时处理火情，加上最后一句“Luckily”，可知他们没有严重“受伤”，应选用hurt表示“受伤”。helped“帮助”，treated“治疗”，used“使用”，均不符合语境。 二、阅读理解 A （25-26八年级下·河南驻马店·期中） Having a hobby is a great way to relax after work or after school. Here are three hobbies for you to try. △Flower arranging (插花) If you like plants, think about flower arranging. Many flower shops have classes for beginners, so you can learn it in one of them. It’s also a good idea to read books or visit websites. After you learn flower arranging, you can use the flowers to make gifts or make your home more beautiful. △________ Do you dream of being a writer? Well, now it is the right time to make your dream come true. To start with, you don’t need to be very good at writing. Spend some time writing something in a notebook every day. You can also try making a short story. By practicing, you can make your writing better and better. △Painting Painting is a fun and relaxing thing, but many people think it is hard. In fact, it is not. At first, you may find it is not easy to draw, but it doesn’t matter. The most important thing is that when you draw, you are enjoying the beauty of art. If you have a busy life, this is a nice hobby for you to relax. 1．Where can we learn flower arranging according to the text? ① In a flower shop.  ②At school.  ③On the Internet.  ④From a friend.  ⑤From a book. A．①②⑤ B．②③⑤ C．①③⑤ D．①③④ 2．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Writing something B．Reading a book C．Telling a story D．Learning from a writer 3．Who should take painting as a hobby according to the text? A．A man who lives a relaxing life. B．A girl who likes beautiful flowers. C．A student who likes reading stories. D．A person who is very busy with her work. 4．What does the writer think of painting? A．Difficult and boring. B．Relaxing but meaningless. C．Interesting and relaxing. D．Important and necessary. 5．In which part of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Sports. B．Interest. C．Health. D．Travel. 【答案】1．C 1．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种可以尝试的业余爱好——插花、写作和绘画，并分别说明了每种爱好的学习方式、入门方法及适合人群。 【详解】1．Flower arranging部分指出学习插花的方式：“Many flower shops have classes for beginners”（对应①）、“It’s also a good idea to read books”（对应⑤）、“visit websites”（对应③）。文中未提到在学校学习或向朋友学习，因此答案为①③⑤。 2．第三段内容围绕写作展开：“Spend some time writing something in a notebook every day. You can also try making a short story.” 说明该段的主题是“写东西”，因此标题应为“Writing something”。 3．Painting部分最后一句指出：“If you have a busy life, this is a nice hobby for you to relax.” 说明绘画适合工作繁忙的人。 4．Painting部分开头明确指出：“Painting is a fun and relaxing thing”，其中“fun”对应“interesting”，“relaxing”直接对应，说明作者认为绘画既有趣又令人放松。 5．本文介绍的是三种业余爱好，属于兴趣爱好类文章，最有可能出现在报纸的“Interest（兴趣）”版面。 B （25-26八年级下·湖北荆州·期中） ① Fire has all kinds of uses in our everyday life. However, fire can also be very dangerous. Do you know what to do if a fire happens? Here is some advice. ②When a building catches fire, getting outside quickly and safely is the first thing to do. Never go back into the building for any reason! ③If you are in the room with closed door when a fire happens, you must be very careful before opening the door. If you see smoke coming under the door or if the door is hot, don’t open it. If there is no smoke, open the door and move quickly to get out. As you move, stay low to the floor. This way, you will avoid smoke along the way. ④If you can’t get out quickly because fire or smoke stops you, shout for help. Make sure that you’re easy to find. ⑤It is important to know what to do when a fire happens, and it is also important to practise. That’s why schools have fire practice often. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．asking questions B．telling a story C．showing numbers D．describing feelings 2．What should we do first when a building catches fire? A．Stay in the room quietly. B．Get outside quickly and safely. C．Open the hot door at once. D．Shout loudly in the room. 3．The underlined word “avoid” means “________” in Chinese. A．吸入 B．避开 C．制造 D．等待 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the writer want to tell us through the passage? A．Fire is very useful in our life. B．We mustn’t go back to the building on fire. C．Schools often have fire drills. D．What to do when a fire happens. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了火在日常生活中的用途与危险性，重点讲解了火灾发生时的应对措施， 【详解】1．根据第①段中的“Do you know what to do if a fire happens?”可知，作者以提问的方式开篇，引出下文的建议。 2．根据第②段中的“When a building catches fire, getting outside quickly and safely is the first thing to do.”可知，建筑起火时首先要做的是快速、安全地撤离。 3．根据第③段中的“As you move, stay low to the floor. This way, you will avoid smoke along the way.”可知，移动时压低身体，这样就能在过程中避开烟雾，avoid的意思是“避开”。 4．第①段是总起段，引出火灾应对建议；第②③④段是分述具体做法；第⑤段是总结段，强调了解方法和演练的重要性，文章属于“总—分—总”结构。 5．根据第①段中的“Do you know what to do if a fire happens? Here is some advice.”可知，作者的主要目的是告诉我们火灾发生时的应对方法。 三、短文填空 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Health and safety are of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily had 1 cough and felt really terrible. Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had a high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor checked her 2 (careful). He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 3 a very bad cold. He gave her some 4 (pill) and advised her to have a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw a man riding a bike in front. Suddenly, the man lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 5 (bad), and there was even a small injury on his hand. Lily and her mother ran to help without hesitation. They used the first aid knowledge they learned before 6 (deal) with the injury. Then they called the emergency number for help. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people should always pay close attention to 7 (they)—especially their health. And when people are outside, they must be careful about 8 (safe) to avoid any harm. What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing 9 (ill) or accidents. We should also remember that a clean environment is good for our health, 10 we should try our best to protect it. 【答案】 1．a 2．carefully 3．from 4．pills 5．badly 6．to deal 7．themselves 8．safety 9．illness 10．so 【导语】文章讲述了莉莉的一次看病的路上帮助一个骑车受伤的男子经历。这次经历让莉莉深刻认识到人们应关注自身健康和安全，掌握基本急救技能很有帮助，同时要保护好环境。 【详解】1．句意：上周一，莉莉咳嗽了，感觉很糟糕。固定搭配have a cough表示“咳嗽”，所以此处填a。 2．句意：医生给她仔细地做了检查。修饰动词checked要用副词，careful的副词形式是carefully，意为“仔细地”。 3．句意：他告诉莉莉的妈妈莉莉得了重感冒。suffer from是固定短语，意为“患（病）；遭受”，这里表示莉莉患重感冒，所以填from。 4．句意：他给了她一些药，并劝她在家好好休息。pill是可数名词，some后接可数名词复数，所以此处填pills。 5．句意：他的膝盖严重擦伤了。修饰动词“was bruised”要用副词，bad的副词形式是badly，意为“严重地”。 6．句意：他们运用之前学到的急救知识来处理伤病。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“用之前学到的急救知识来处理伤口”，故填to deal。 7．句意：这段经历让莉莉深刻认识到，人们应该时刻关注自己——尤其是自己的健康。这里表示“关注他们自己”，主语是people，要用反身代词themselves。 8．句意：而人们在外面的时候，一定要注意安全，避免受到任何伤害。介词about后接名词，safe的名词形式是safety，意为“安全”。 9．句意：此外，了解一些基本的急救技能在面对疾病或事故时确实很有帮助。动词facing后接名词，ill的名词形式是illness，意为“疾病”。 10．句意：我们还应该记住，清洁的环境有利于我们的健康，因此我们应该尽力保护它。前后句是因果关系，前半句“清洁的环境对健康有益”是原因，后半句“我们应尽力保护它”是结果，所以用so连接。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1． （2025·山东临沂·中考真题） 某英文网站正在开展以 “体质健康提升” 为主题的征文活动。请你以“How I Improve My Physical Health”为题，用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你在体质健康提升方面的做法和理由。 提示:1. What kind of exercise do you usually do? 2 How do you do exercise? 3. What else can help you to improve your physical health? Give your reasons. 要求：1.词数不少于80，开头已经写好，不计入总词数； 2.语言通顺，条理清楚，书写规范； 3.文中不要出现任何真实人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。 How I Improve My Physical Health Nowadays, people pay much more attention to physical health. For me, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： How I Improve My Physical Health Nowadays, people pay much more attention to physical health. For me, I take several steps to keep fit and improve my physical health. First, I usually do different kinds of exercise. I enjoy jogging in the morning because it helps me stay energetic throughout the day. Sometimes, I play basketball with my friends, which improves my teamwork and coordination. Second, I exercise regularly. I set a schedule and stick to it, such as running three times a week and playing basketball on weekends. By doing this, I build a good habit and avoid laziness. Besides exercise, I also pay attention to my diet. I eat more vegetables and fruits instead of junk food, which provides enough nutrients for my body. Moreover, I make sure to get enough sleep every night because rest is as important as exercise for staying healthy. In conclusion, by exercising regularly, eating healthily, and resting well, I can improve my physical health effectively. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：内容要点已给出，考生需围绕运动、饮食和睡眠展开，适当添加细节，确保逻辑清晰。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开门见山，引出话题，表明自己重视体质健康； 第二步，分点介绍锻炼方式、规律运动以及饮食习惯； 第三步，总结全文，强调健康生活方式的重要性。 [亮点词汇] ①pay much more attention to 更加关注 ②different kinds of 不同种类的 ③stick to坚持 ④build a good habit 养成好习惯 ⑤instead of 而不是 [高分句型] ①Sometimes, I play basketball with my friends, which improves my teamwork and coordination.（which引导的非限制性状语从句） ②Moreover, I make sure to get enough sleep every night because rest is as important as exercise for staying healthy. （because引导的原因状语从句） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $