暑假作业03 名词 （名词的数、所有格）（巩固培优）七年级英语新教材人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦名词数与所有格，以规则-例外-易混三级分类构建方法体系，通过典型例词与梯度练习实现知识逻辑闭环。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |可数名词复数|含20题复数转换+15题填空|规则变化按词尾分类（s/x/sh/ch等加-es等），不规则变化归纳元音替换等类型|从一般规则到特殊例外，结合"man teacher→men teachers"等易混点深化理解| |名词所有格|含12题翻译+语法填空|-'s所有格分单复数构成，of所有格区分有生命/无生命，双重所有格强调所属关系|从基本构成到特殊应用（时间/节日等），通过对比"共同拥有vs各自拥有"明晰逻辑|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业03 名词 （名词的数、所有格） 一．可数名词及其复数变化 A、规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s cake—cakes map—maps student—students bed—beds 以字母s、x、sh、ch等结尾的词 通常加-es bus—buses box—boxes dish—dishes watch—watches 也有例外：当词尾ch发/k/音时，加-s stomach—stomachs 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i，再加-es baby—babies city—cities country—countries party—parties 以元音字母加y结尾的词 加-s boy—boys day—days 以f（e）结尾的词 通常变f（e）为v，再加-es leaf—leaves wolf—wolves life—lives knife—knives 以o结尾的词 初中阶段加-es的有：英雄、土豆、西红柿 hero—heroes potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes 其余的通常加-s zoo—zoos radio—radios kangaroo—kangaroos bamboo—bamboos B、不规则变化 情况及构成 例词 改变名词中的元音字母 变a为e man—men woman—women fisherman—fishermen postman—postmen policeman—policemen gentleman—gentlemen 变oo为ee foot—feet tooth—teeth 单复数形式相同 sheep—sheep deer—deer 其他不规则变化形式 mouse—mice child—children medium—media 易混易错 1.“名词+名词” 构成的名词短语变复数，一般只把后面一个名词变复数，但是，当前面的名词是man或woman时，变复数要将其对应变成men或women。如： a man teacher→two men teachers a woman teacher→two women teachers 2.数词、名词（有时再加上形容词）用连字符连接而成的复合形容词，其中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。如： She is a five-year-old girl.她是一个五岁的女孩。 （five-year-old不能写成five-years-old） a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币 a 100-meter race 一场百米赛跑 an eleven-floor building 一幢十一层的楼房 a twenty-minute drive 一段二十分钟的车程 二 .名词所有格 A.-'s所有格的构成 类别 构成 例子 单数名词 加-'s Mary's sister my dad's car the actress's name 复数名词 以-s结尾 加' the teachers' office the girls' interests your grandparents' room 不以-s结尾 加-'s children's park women's rights 某些代词 加-'s anyone's dog nobody's fault 二 of 所有格 1.一般说来，无生命的名词用 of 结构，如 the gate of the school。 2.有时也表示人和其他有生命的名词的所有格，如 the advice of my parents。 3.地名、交通工具名以及与人的活动有关的无生命的名词可用of，也可用’s，如 the future of China/China’s future, the girl’s name/the name of the girl。 三、双重所有格 1.双重所有格有“of+-'s所有格”和“of+名词性物主代词”两种形式。 He is a friend of my brother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。 Is she a daughter of yours?她是你的女儿吗？ 2.双重所有格与of所有格的区别 a friend of his mother's他母亲的一位朋友（强调他母亲朋友中的一位） a friend of his mother他母亲的一位朋友（强调这位是他母亲的朋友） 易混易错 （1）表示时间、距离、价格、国家、城市等的名词。 an hour's ride 骑车一小时的路程 two weeks' leave两个星期的假 today's temperature今天的气温 five hundred metres' distance 五百米的距离 ten pounds' worth of books 十英镑的书 China's population 中国的人口 New York's area 纽约的面积 （2）用来构成一些节日名称。 Children's Day 儿童节 Mother's Day 母亲节 Women's Day 妇女节 Teachers' Day 教师节 （3）表示某人的店铺、医院、诊所、住宅时，常省略所有格后面的名词。 at the doctor's（=at the doctor's office）在诊所 to my uncle's（=to my uncle's home） 到我叔叔家 （4）被else修饰的不定代词，其所有格形式是在else后加-'s。如： The dictionary is not mine. It is someone else's. 这本词典不是我的，是别人的。 （5）由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变成所有格形式；如果表示各自拥有，则每个名词都要变成所有格形式。 共同拥有 This is Mary and her sister's bedroom. 这是玛丽和她姐姐（共有）的卧室。 各自拥有 These are Mary's and her sister's bedrooms. 这些是玛丽和她姐姐（各自）的卧室。 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. dog 2. cat 3. bird 4. fish （鱼的条数） （鱼的种类） 5.wolf 6. panda 7. tiger 8. elephant 9. monkey 10. rabbit 11. mouse 12. child 13. foot 14. eye 15. ear 16. tail 17. tooth 18. zoo 19. box 20. friend 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】1. dogs 2. cats 3. birds 4. fish 5. fishes 6. pandas 7. tigers 8. elephants 9. monkeys 10. rabbits 11. mice 12. children 13. feet 14. eyes 15. ears 16. tails 17. teeth 18. zoos 19. boxes 20. friends 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空 1. Look! There are three (panda) in the zoo. 2. My sister has two lovely (cat) at home. 3. The little boy has two big (eye) and a small nose. 4. How many (monkey) can you see in the tree? 5. I like (fish) very much. I eat it every day. 6. There are many different (fish) in the river. 7. The (child) are playing with the little dogs in the park. 8. My animal friend has a short (tail) and long ears. 9. Those (tiger) are very strong. They are from Africa. 10. I have two good (friend). They both like animal friends. 11. The rabbit has four white (foot). 12. There are some big (elephant) in the zoo. 13. She has a cute (bird). It can sing many songs. 14. How many (box) are there on the desk? 15. The (mouse) are very small. They like eating rice. 【答案】1. pandas 2. cats 3. eyes 4. monkeys 5. fish 6. fishes 7. children 8. tail 9. tigers 10. friends 11. feet 12. elephants 13. bird 14. boxes 15. mice 三、翻译下列短语 1.20分钟的路程______________ 2.母亲节_____________________ 3.教师节_____________________ 4.在Lily的家_________________ 5.Lily和Lucy共同的妈妈______________________ 6.Lily和Jim各自的妈妈_______________________ 7.一张中国地图____________________ 8.我的家庭照片_____________________ 9.老人的雨伞________________________ 10.图书馆的书______________________ 11.飞机场的飞机______________________ 12.我哥哥的电脑______________________ 【答案】1.20 minutes’ walk2.Mother’s Day3.Teachers’ Day4.at Lucy’s home5.Lily and Lucy’s mother 6.Lily’s and Jim’s mother 7.a map of China 8.a photo of my family9.the old man’s umbrella 10.the books of the library11.the planes of the airport12.my brother’s computer 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 taste activity story month race 1．The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar ______. 2．What interests me most is the delicious ______ of zongzi, covered by bamboo leaves. 3．We live near a lake where the dragon boat ______ take place every year. 4．I know the ______ of Qu Yuan, which is the reason why we celebrate the festival. 5．Our ____________ include making and sharing zongzi with neighbors and friends. 【答案】1．month2．taste3．races4．story5．activities 【解析】2．考查名词。根据the delicious...of zongzi可知是粽子的美味让“我”最感兴趣，taste“味道”符合语境。故填taste。 3．考查名词复数。根据空前的the dragon boat和空后的take place并结合常识可知，此处指龙舟赛，race“比赛”符合语境。空后的take为原形，空处应用名词复数形式。故填races。 5．考查名词复数。根据include making and sharing zongzi with neighbors and friends并结合备选词可知，活动包括包粽子和分享粽子。activity“活动”符合语境，此处用名词复数。故填activities。 二．填空题 1.Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its __________（tour）. 【答案】tourists 【解析】考查名词构词法和名词的数。句意：扬州每年为游客们提供一场奇妙且特别的体验。此空位于形容词性物主代词之后，需用名词形式tourist；又因为游客不止一人，故用复数形式。故填tourists。 2.David is a ________（work） at a car factory. He loves his job. 【答案】worker 【解析】考查名词构词法。句意：戴维是一家汽车厂的工人。他喜欢他的工作。由“car factory”和“He loves his job.”可知，此处指戴维是一个工人。故填worker。 3.Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________（city） in China this year. 【答案】cities 【解析】考查名词的数。根据“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”可知,应填cities。 4.Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________（player） in the world, and I love playing table tennis. 【答案】players 【解析】考查名词的数。根据“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知,应填players。 5.My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. 【答案】Children’s 【解析】考查名词的数和名词所有格。根据语境可知,此处表示儿童节。Children’s Day 儿童节,故填Children’s。 6.A school in Changsha held all kinds of ____________（activity） for teenagers. 【答案】activities 【解析】考查名词的数。activity为可数名词，根据all kinds of可知,应用复数形式，故填activities。 7.Even the bottom was full of rubbish, and there were no more fish for ____________（fisherman） to catch. 【答案】fishermen 【解析】考查名词的数。这里的渔夫不止一人，所以应用复数形式，故填fishermen。 8.He also draws a picture beside the poem to help show the ________（mean） of the Chinese poem. 【答案】meaning 【解析】考查名词构词法。句意：为帮助体现这首中国诗歌的含义，他还在诗的旁边画了一幅画。定冠词the后接名词。meaning表示“意思，含义”。故填meaning。 9.Look, the __________（child） are having a good time flying kites in the park. 【答案】children 【解析】考查名词的数。由are可知，主语应用名词的复数形式。child的复数形式是children。 10.Three years ago, I paid a visit to my ________（uncle） home in Sydney. 【答案】uncle's 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：三年前，我拜访了叔叔在悉尼的家。uncle和home是所属关系，故填uncle's。 一．语法选择 （24-25七年级下·广东潮州·期末）One morning, a fox saw a rooster (公鸡). He thought, “This can be my breakfast.” He came up to 1 rooster and said, “I know you can sing very 2 . You are such a great singer. Can you sing for me, please?” After hearing this, the rooster felt really 3 . He closed his eyes and started to sing. When the fox saw that, he quickly caught the rooster in his mouth and 4 him away. Not long after that, the 5 on the farm saw the fox. They shouted out, “Look! Look! The fox is carrying a rooster away.” Soon, the rooster had a perfect idea. He said to the fox, “Mr. Fox, 6 do the people say? Don’t you know? They say you are carrying their rooster away. You must 7 them I am yours, not theirs.” “He is right,” the fox thought, 8 he opened his mouth and said, “The rooster is mine. He doesn’t belong to 9 .” Just then, the rooster ran away from the fox fast. He succeeded 10 saving himself. What a clever rooster! 1．A．the B．a C．an 2．A．good B．well C．best 3．A．happy B．happily C．happiness 4．A．carry B．carries C．carried 5．A．farmer’s B．farmers’ C．farmers 6．A．who B．how C．what 7．A．tell B．to tell C．telling 8．A．because B．so C．but 9．A．you B．your C．yours 10．A．in B．to C．with 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一只狐狸想把公鸡当作早餐，公鸡通过智谋从狐狸口中逃脱，成功自救。 1．句意：他走向那只公鸡并说。 the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前。此处特指上文提到的那只公鸡，应用定冠词the，故选A。 2．句意：我知道你唱得非常好。 good好的，形容词；well好，副词；best最好，good/well的最高级。此处修饰动词sing，应用副词，very修饰原级well，故选B。 3．句意：听到这话后，公鸡感到非常高兴。 happy形容词，高兴的；happily副词，高兴地；happiness名词，幸福。felt是系动词feel的过去式，后接形容词作表语，故选A。 4．句意：狐狸看到后，迅速把公鸡叼在嘴里，带走了。 carry动词原形，携带；carries第三人称单数形式；carried过去式/过去分词。and连接两个并列的动作，caught是catch的过去式，因此此处也应用carry的过去式carried，故选C。 5．句意：不久之后，农场里的农民们看到了这只狐狸。 farmer’s农民的，单数名词所有格；farmers’农民们的，复数名词所有格；farmers农民，复数形式。此处作主语，指“农民们”，应用复数名词farmers，故选C。 6．句意：他对狐狸说：“狐狸先生，人们在说什么？” who谁，对人提问；how怎样，对方式提问；what什么，对事物或内容提问。此处指人们说的内容，应用what，故选C。 7．句意：你必须告诉他们我是你的，不是他们的。 tell动词原形；to tell动词不定式；telling动名词/现在分词。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，故选A。   8．句意：“他说得对，”狐狸想，于是他张开嘴说。 because因为，表原因；so所以，表结果；but但是，表转折。“他说得对”与“张开嘴说”之间是因果关系，前因后果，应用so，故选B。 9．句意：他不属于你们。 you你/你们，人称代词主格或宾格；your你的/你们的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的/你们的，名词性物主代词。belong to后接人称代词宾格，此处指“你们”，应用you，故选A。 10．句意：他成功地救了自己。 in在……里；to到，向；with和……一起。succeed in doing sth.是固定短语，意为“成功做某事”，故选A。 二．语法填空 （24-25七年级下·河北石家庄·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Life is like the four 1 (season). When I was little, I was in the spring of my life. I 2 (go) to school and learned. I was like a young tree. There were happy days and 3 (happy) days. Some days it was sunny and other days it was 4 (rain). In my twenties, I 5 (begin) to work. And then I got married (结婚) and had 6 (child). Every day I was busy 7 my work and family. It was the summer of my life and it went fast. Autumn came 8 summer. It was the harvest (收获) season in my life. My children finished school and had 9 (they) families. They were busy. We seldom had the time 10 (get) together. The trees changed colours and the 11 (leaf) fell down. I started to get some gray hair. One day, I retired (退休). I traveled around the world and had 12 good time. Then came the winter. Days are turning short and cold in winter. And now I 13 (become) old. I 14 (listen) to music and drink tea every day. I know I don’t have many days left, 15 I enjoy my life as always (一如既往). I love every season of my life. 【答案】1．seasons 2．went 3．unhappy 4．rainy 5．began 6．children 7．with 8．after 9．their 10．to get 11．leaves 12．a 13．have become 14．listen 15．but 【导语】本文将人生比作四季，依次描述了人生春季、夏季、秋季、冬季，表达了对人生每个阶段的热爱。 1．句意：人生就像四个季节。根据“four”可知，后跟可数名词复数。故填seasons。 2．句意：我去上学并学习。根据“When I was little”可知，是过去的事，go的过去式是went。故填went。 3．句意：有快乐的日子，也有不快乐的日子。根据“happy days”可知，此处需用happy的反义词与之相对。故填unhappy。 4．句意：有些日子阳光明媚，其他日子下雨。根据“was”可知，后跟形容词作表语；rain的形容词是rainy。故填rainy。 5．句意：在我二十多岁时，我开始工作。全文时态为一般过去时，此处需保持时态一致，动词用过去式。故填began。 6．句意：然后我结婚了，有了孩子。此处需用复数形式泛指。故填children。 7．句意：每天我都忙于工作和家庭。根据“was busy”可知，be busy with“忙于某事”，为固定用法。故填with。 8．句意：夏天之后秋天来了。根据“Autumn came”可知，秋天是在夏天之后。故填after。 9．句意：我的孩子们完成学业，有了他们自己的家庭。根据“families”可知，修饰名词需用形容词性物主代词；they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。 10．句意：我们很少有时间聚在一起。根据“had the time”可知，have the time to do sth.“有时间做某事”，为固定用法。故填to get。 11．句意：树变了颜色，树叶落了下来。此处需用复数形式泛指所有树叶掉落。故填leaves。 12．句意：我环游世界，玩得很开心。根据“had … good time”可知，have a good time“玩得开心”，是固定短语，故填a。 13．句意：现在我变老了。根据时间状语“now”（现在）及语境可知，此处强调过去动作对现在的影响，时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“I”后用“have”，“become”的过去分词是“become”，故填have become。 14．句意：我每天听音乐、喝茶。根据“every day”可知，是一般现在时，主语I，动词用原形。故填listen。 15．句意：我知道我剩下的日子不多了，但我一如既往地享受生活。前后是转折关系，需用but连接。故填but。 三．阅读理解 （24-25七年级下·湖南长沙·期末） We all think eating fruit means just buying it, cutting it and putting it into our mouths. It’s not as easy as you think. It’s important to know how and when to eat. You’d better eat fruit on an empty stomach (胃). If you eat fruit like that, it will go through the stomach into the intestines (肠道). It will be good for your health and give much energy for life activities. But when you eat two pieces of bread and then some good-tasting fruit, things will be different. Do you know the reason? You may hear people saying, “Every time I eat watermelon I burp (打嗝).” or “When I eat a banana I feel like going to the toilet.” When the fruit mixes (混合) with other food, it may produce gas (产生气体). That is why you will not feel well. In fact, this will not happen if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. Eating a whole (整个的) fruit is better than drinking the juice. When you really want to drink fruit juice, drink only fresh fruit juice, not from the bottles or cans. Don’t eat cooked fruit because you can’t get the nutrients (营养成分) at all. You only get the good taste. If you know the right way of eating fruit, you get the key to beauty, health, energy, happiness and a long life. 1．Which is NOT a reason for eating fruit on an empty stomach? A．It is good for our health. B．It gives us much energy. C．It helps get a good taste. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why people mix fruit with other food when eating. B．Why people should eat fruit on an empty stomach. C．Why people like fruit such as watermelon and bananas. 3．Which is the best way to eat fruit according to (根据) the passage? A．Eating a whole fruit. B．Having cooked fruit. C．Drinking fresh fruit juice. 4．In which section of a newspaper may you read this passage? A．Education. B．Health. C．Hobby. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了吃水果并非简单的“买、切、吃”，而是要掌握正确方法，包括空腹吃水果的好处、吃完整水果是最佳方式且不建议吃煮熟水果，以及正确吃水果对健康等方面的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“You’d better eat fruit on an empty stomach (胃). If you eat fruit like that, it will go through the stomach into the intestines (肠道). It will be good for your health and give much energy for life activities”可知，空腹吃水果的原因包括“对健康有益”和“提供大量能量”；再结合“Don’t eat cooked fruit because you can’t get the nutrients (营养成分) at all. You only get the good taste”可知，“获得好味道”是吃煮熟水果的结果，并非空腹吃水果的原因。因此“It helps get a good taste”不是空腹吃水果的原因，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“You may hear people saying, ‘Every time I eat watermelon I burp (打嗝).’ or ‘When I eat a banana I feel like going to the toilet.’ When the fruit mixes (混合) with other food, it may produce gas (产生气体). That is why you will not feel well. In fact, this will not happen if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach”可知，该段先列举了“水果与其他食物混合吃会让人不适”的现象，再解释原因，最后指出“空腹吃水果可避免这种不适”，核心是说明“为什么人们应该空腹吃水果”。因此第三段主要内容是“Why people should eat fruit on an empty stomach”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Eating a whole (整个的) fruit is better than drinking the juice. When you really want to drink fruit juice, drink only fresh fruit juice, not from the bottles or cans. Don’t eat cooked fruit because you can’t get the nutrients (营养成分) at all”可知，文中明确提到“吃完整的水果比喝果汁好”，“不建议吃煮熟的水果”，由此可判断“吃完整的水果”是文中推荐的最佳吃水果方式，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“如何正确吃水果”展开，内容涉及“空腹吃水果的好处”，“吃水果的最佳方式”等与健康相关的话题，属于健康科普类内容，故选B。 一．阅读回答问题 （24-25七年级下·湖北荆州·期末）阅读短文，根据要求填空或作答。 There is a saying that health is better than anything. It’s very important for people to keep a healthy life. Do you have a healthy life? Do you eat well? Do you often do sports? (Olivia White) I run every morning. I like Chinese food very much. Vegetables like carrots and tomatoes are my favourite. I like fruit, too. My mother often makes fruit salad for me. I am a healthy girl. (James Smith) I like hamburgers and meat very much. They are very delicious. But Mom says I’m too fat, so I will exercise more to lose weight. To live a healthy life, we should eat breakfast every morning. We can eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. They are rich in vitamins (维生素) and have little fat. Secondly, we must get enough sleep. If we don’t have enough sleep for a long time, we may get ill. Thirdly, exercise every day. Running, going cycling, swimming, dancing, doing yoga (瑜伽) and other sports are all good choices. At last, take up a hobby because hobbies are enjoyable and relaxing activities. Ways to keep healthy ①Eat breakfast every morning. ② ▲ ③Exercise every day. ④Take up a hobby. 1．What does Olivia like best? (不超过5词) 2．In the passage, the underlined word “They” refers to “_________________”. (不超过 5词) 3．Please complete the ▲ in the chart. (不超过5词) 4．Please give another way for James to lose weight. (不超过15词) 5．Do you have a healthy life? What do you usually do to keep healthy? (不超过20词) 【答案】1．Vegetables like carrots and tomatoes. 2．Fruit and vegetables 3．Get enough sleep. 4．He can eat more fruit and vegetables instead of hamburgers and meat. 5．Yes. I eat breakfast every morning and go cycling every day /often play ping-pong/badminton . 【导语】本文通过Olivia和James的饮食习惯及建议，介绍了保持健康生活的方式。 1．根据“Vegetables like carrots and tomatoes are my favourite”可知，Olivia最喜欢蔬菜。故填Vegetables like carrots and tomatoes. 2．根据“We can eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. They are rich in vitamins…”可知，They指代水果和蔬菜。故填Fruit and vegetables. 3．根据“Secondly, we must get enough sleep”可知，第二条建议是要有充足的睡眠。故填Get enough sleep. 4．根据“I like hamburgers and meat very much. ”及“We can eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. They are rich in vitamins (维生素) and have little fat.”可知，James喜欢吃高热量食物，要减肥还可以少吃汉堡和肉类，多吃水果和蔬菜。故填He can eat more fruit and vegetables instead of hamburgers and meat. 5．此题为开放题，结合短文提示可作答。参考答案为：Yes. I eat breakfast every morning and go cycling every day/often play ping-pong/badminton. 二．阅读填表 （24-25七年级下·山东枣庄·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容和任务描述，做简单的笔记，每空不超过3个词。 In Thailand there are many elephants and they are very important. The elephant is one of Thailand’s symbols. Their first flag had a white elephant on it. This is a symbol of good luck. In 1916, the king of Thailand changed it. Elephants are very useful animals. They can carry heavy things so they often help do a lot of difficult work for people. And they are very smart, too. They can play soccer or music. They can also draw very well. People say that “an elephant never forgets”. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. They can also remember places with food and water. This helps them to live. But later, elephants were once in great danger. People cut down many trees so elephants lost their homes. People also killed elephants for their ivory (象牙). As a result, the number of the elephants fell to 3,000 (over 100,000 before). Luckily, people in Thailand have realized (意识到) the problem. They begin to save the elephants. They try to save the trees and not to buy things made of ivory. There’s also a festival for elephants—Thai Elephant Day. It’s on March 13th. On that day, elephants in Thailand don’t need to work or act. They can have a good rest. They wear beautiful clothes and have great fun with people. Elephants in Thailand They are very important. * first flag of Thailand with a white elephant *a symbol of 1 They are 2 . * help do a lot of difficult work for people * can play soccer or music * can 3 * can walk for a long time and never get lost * can remember places with food and water They were in great danger. * people 4 many trees * people killed them for ivory * the number fell How to save them * save the trees * not to buy things made of ivory * 5 【答案】1．good luck 2．useful and smart 3．draw very well 4．cut down 5．Thai Elephant Day 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了泰国大象的重要性、智慧、面临的危险以及保护措施。 1．根据“This is a symbol of good luck.”可知，这是好运的象征。故填good luck。 2．根据“Elephants are very useful animals…And they are very smart, too.”可知，大象既有用又聪明。故填useful and smart。 3．根据“They can also draw very well.”可知，它们还能画得很好。故填draw very well。 4．根据“People cut down many trees so elephants lost their homes.”可知，人们砍伐了许多树木。故填cut down。 5．根据“There’s also a festival for elephants—Thai Elephant Day.”可知，还有一个大象的节日——泰国大象节。故填Thai Elephant Day。 $完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业03 名词 （名词的数、所有格） 一．可数名词及其复数变化 A、规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s cake—cakes map—maps student—students bed—beds 以字母s、x、sh、ch等结尾的词 通常加-es bus—buses box—boxes dish—dishes watch—watches 也有例外：当词尾ch发/k/音时，加-s stomach—stomachs 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i，再加-es baby—babies city—cities country—countries party—parties 以元音字母加y结尾的词 加-s boy—boys day—days 以f（e）结尾的词 通常变f（e）为v，再加-es leaf—leaves wolf—wolves life—lives knife—knives 以o结尾的词 初中阶段加-es的有：英雄、土豆、西红柿 hero—heroes potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes 其余的通常加-s zoo—zoos radio—radios kangaroo—kangaroos bamboo—bamboos B、不规则变化 情况及构成 例词 改变名词中的元音字母 变a为e man—men woman—women fisherman—fishermen postman—postmen policeman—policemen gentleman—gentlemen 变oo为ee foot—feet tooth—teeth 单复数形式相同 sheep—sheep deer—deer 其他不规则变化形式 mouse—mice child—children medium—media 易混易错 1.“名词+名词” 构成的名词短语变复数，一般只把后面一个名词变复数，但是，当前面的名词是man或woman时，变复数要将其对应变成men或women。如： a man teacher→two men teachers a woman teacher→two women teachers 2.数词、名词（有时再加上形容词）用连字符连接而成的复合形容词，其中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。如： She is a five-year-old girl.她是一个五岁的女孩。 （five-year-old不能写成five-years-old） a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币 a 100-meter race 一场百米赛跑 an eleven-floor building 一幢十一层的楼房 a twenty-minute drive 一段二十分钟的车程 二 .名词所有格 A.-'s所有格的构成 类别 构成 例子 单数名词 加-'s Mary's sister my dad's car the actress's name 复数名词 以-s结尾 加' the teachers' office the girls' interests your grandparents' room 不以-s结尾 加-'s children's park women's rights 某些代词 加-'s anyone's dog nobody's fault 二 of 所有格 1.一般说来，无生命的名词用 of 结构，如 the gate of the school。 2.有时也表示人和其他有生命的名词的所有格，如 the advice of my parents。 3.地名、交通工具名以及与人的活动有关的无生命的名词可用of，也可用’s，如 the future of China/China’s future, the girl’s name/the name of the girl。 三、双重所有格 1.双重所有格有“of+-'s所有格”和“of+名词性物主代词”两种形式。 He is a friend of my brother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。 Is she a daughter of yours?她是你的女儿吗？ 2.双重所有格与of所有格的区别 a friend of his mother's他母亲的一位朋友（强调他母亲朋友中的一位） a friend of his mother他母亲的一位朋友（强调这位是他母亲的朋友） 易混易错 （1）表示时间、距离、价格、国家、城市等的名词。 an hour's ride 骑车一小时的路程 two weeks' leave两个星期的假 today's temperature今天的气温 five hundred metres' distance 五百米的距离 ten pounds' worth of books 十英镑的书 China's population 中国的人口 New York's area 纽约的面积 （2）用来构成一些节日名称。 Children's Day 儿童节 Mother's Day 母亲节 Women's Day 妇女节 Teachers' Day 教师节 （3）表示某人的店铺、医院、诊所、住宅时，常省略所有格后面的名词。 at the doctor's（=at the doctor's office）在诊所 to my uncle's（=to my uncle's home） 到我叔叔家 （4）被else修饰的不定代词，其所有格形式是在else后加-'s。如： The dictionary is not mine. It is someone else's. 这本词典不是我的，是别人的。 （5）由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变成所有格形式；如果表示各自拥有，则每个名词都要变成所有格形式。 共同拥有 This is Mary and her sister's bedroom. 这是玛丽和她姐姐（共有）的卧室。 各自拥有 These are Mary's and her sister's bedrooms. 这些是玛丽和她姐姐（各自）的卧室。 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. dog 2. cat 3. bird 4. fish （鱼的条数） （鱼的种类） 5.wolf 6. panda 7. tiger 8. elephant 9. monkey 10. rabbit 11. mouse 12. child 13. foot 14. eye 15. ear 16. tail 17. tooth 18. zoo 19. box 20. friend 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空 1. Look! There are three (panda) in the zoo. 2. My sister has two lovely (cat) at home. 3. The little boy has two big (eye) and a small nose. 4. How many (monkey) can you see in the tree? 5. I like (fish) very much. I eat it every day. 6. There are many different (fish) in the river. 7. The (child) are playing with the little dogs in the park. 8. My animal friend has a short (tail) and long ears. 9. Those (tiger) are very strong. They are from Africa. 10. I have two good (friend). They both like animal friends. 11. The rabbit has four white (foot). 12. There are some big (elephant) in the zoo. 13. She has a cute (bird). It can sing many songs. 14. How many (box) are there on the desk? 15. The (mouse) are very small. They like eating rice. 三、翻译下列短语 1.20分钟的路程______________ 2.母亲节_____________________ 3.教师节_____________________ 4.在Lily的家_________________ 5.Lily和Lucy共同的妈妈______________________ 6.Lily和Jim各自的妈妈_______________________ 7.一张中国地图____________________ 8.我的家庭照片_____________________ 9.老人的雨伞________________________ 10.图书馆的书______________________ 11.飞机场的飞机______________________ 12.我哥哥的电脑______________________ 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 taste activity story month race 1．The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar ______. 2．What interests me most is the delicious ______ of zongzi, covered by bamboo leaves. 3．We live near a lake where the dragon boat ______ take place every year. 4．I know the ______ of Qu Yuan, which is the reason why we celebrate the festival. 5．Our ____________ include making and sharing zongzi with neighbors and friends. 二．填空题 1.Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its __________（tour）. 2.David is a ________（work） at a car factory. He loves his job. 3.Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________（city） in China this year. 4.Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________（player） in the world, and I love playing table tennis. 5.My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. 6.A school in Changsha held all kinds of ____________（activity） for teenagers. 7.Even the bottom was full of rubbish, and there were no more fish for ____________（fisherman） to catch. 8.He also draws a picture beside the poem to help show the ________（mean） of the Chinese poem. 9.Look, the __________（child） are having a good time flying kites in the park. 10.Three years ago, I paid a visit to my ________（uncle） home in Sydney. 一．语法选择 （24-25七年级下·广东潮州·期末）One morning, a fox saw a rooster (公鸡). He thought, “This can be my breakfast.” He came up to 1 rooster and said, “I know you can sing very 2 . You are such a great singer. Can you sing for me, please?” After hearing this, the rooster felt really 3 . He closed his eyes and started to sing. When the fox saw that, he quickly caught the rooster in his mouth and 4 him away. Not long after that, the 5 on the farm saw the fox. They shouted out, “Look! Look! The fox is carrying a rooster away.” Soon, the rooster had a perfect idea. He said to the fox, “Mr. Fox, 6 do the people say? Don’t you know? They say you are carrying their rooster away. You must 7 them I am yours, not theirs.” “He is right,” the fox thought, 8 he opened his mouth and said, “The rooster is mine. He doesn’t belong to 9 .” Just then, the rooster ran away from the fox fast. He succeeded 10 saving himself. What a clever rooster! 1．A．the B．a C．an 2．A．good B．well C．best 3．A．happy B．happily C．happiness 4．A．carry B．carries C．carried 5．A．farmer’s B．farmers’ C．farmers 6．A．who B．how C．what 7．A．tell B．to tell C．telling 8．A．because B．so C．but 9．A．you B．your C．yours 10．A．in B．to C．with 二．语法填空 （24-25七年级下·河北石家庄·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Life is like the four 1 (season). When I was little, I was in the spring of my life. I 2 (go) to school and learned. I was like a young tree. There were happy days and 3 (happy) days. Some days it was sunny and other days it was 4 (rain). In my twenties, I 5 (begin) to work. And then I got married (结婚) and had 6 (child). Every day I was busy 7 my work and family. It was the summer of my life and it went fast. Autumn came 8 summer. It was the harvest (收获) season in my life. My children finished school and had 9 (they) families. They were busy. We seldom had the time 10 (get) together. The trees changed colours and the 11 (leaf) fell down. I started to get some gray hair. One day, I retired (退休). I traveled around the world and had 12 good time. Then came the winter. Days are turning short and cold in winter. And now I 13 (become) old. I 14 (listen) to music and drink tea every day. I know I don’t have many days left, 15 I enjoy my life as always (一如既往). I love every season of my life. 三．阅读理解 （24-25七年级下·湖南长沙·期末） We all think eating fruit means just buying it, cutting it and putting it into our mouths. It’s not as easy as you think. It’s important to know how and when to eat. You’d better eat fruit on an empty stomach (胃). If you eat fruit like that, it will go through the stomach into the intestines (肠道). It will be good for your health and give much energy for life activities. But when you eat two pieces of bread and then some good-tasting fruit, things will be different. Do you know the reason? You may hear people saying, “Every time I eat watermelon I burp (打嗝).” or “When I eat a banana I feel like going to the toilet.” When the fruit mixes (混合) with other food, it may produce gas (产生气体). That is why you will not feel well. In fact, this will not happen if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. Eating a whole (整个的) fruit is better than drinking the juice. When you really want to drink fruit juice, drink only fresh fruit juice, not from the bottles or cans. Don’t eat cooked fruit because you can’t get the nutrients (营养成分) at all. You only get the good taste. If you know the right way of eating fruit, you get the key to beauty, health, energy, happiness and a long life. 1．Which is NOT a reason for eating fruit on an empty stomach? A．It is good for our health. B．It gives us much energy. C．It helps get a good taste. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why people mix fruit with other food when eating. B．Why people should eat fruit on an empty stomach. C．Why people like fruit such as watermelon and bananas. 3．Which is the best way to eat fruit according to (根据) the passage? A．Eating a whole fruit. B．Having cooked fruit. C．Drinking fresh fruit juice. 4．In which section of a newspaper may you read this passage? A．Education. B．Health. C．Hobby. 一．阅读回答问题 （24-25七年级下·湖北荆州·期末）阅读短文，根据要求填空或作答。 There is a saying that health is better than anything. It’s very important for people to keep a healthy life. Do you have a healthy life? Do you eat well? Do you often do sports? (Olivia White) I run every morning. I like Chinese food very much. Vegetables like carrots and tomatoes are my favourite. I like fruit, too. My mother often makes fruit salad for me. I am a healthy girl. (James Smith) I like hamburgers and meat very much. They are very delicious. But Mom says I’m too fat, so I will exercise more to lose weight. To live a healthy life, we should eat breakfast every morning. We can eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. They are rich in vitamins (维生素) and have little fat. Secondly, we must get enough sleep. If we don’t have enough sleep for a long time, we may get ill. Thirdly, exercise every day. Running, going cycling, swimming, dancing, doing yoga (瑜伽) and other sports are all good choices. At last, take up a hobby because hobbies are enjoyable and relaxing activities. Ways to keep healthy ①Eat breakfast every morning. ② ▲ ③Exercise every day. ④Take up a hobby. 1．What does Olivia like best? (不超过5词) 2．In the passage, the underlined word “They” refers to “_________________”. (不超过 5词) 3．Please complete the ▲ in the chart. (不超过5词) 4．Please give another way for James to lose weight. (不超过15词) 5．Do you have a healthy life? What do you usually do to keep healthy? (不超过20词) 二．阅读填表 （24-25七年级下·山东枣庄·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容和任务描述，做简单的笔记，每空不超过3个词。 In Thailand there are many elephants and they are very important. The elephant is one of Thailand’s symbols. Their first flag had a white elephant on it. This is a symbol of good luck. In 1916, the king of Thailand changed it. Elephants are very useful animals. They can carry heavy things so they often help do a lot of difficult work for people. And they are very smart, too. They can play soccer or music. They can also draw very well. People say that “an elephant never forgets”. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. They can also remember places with food and water. This helps them to live. But later, elephants were once in great danger. People cut down many trees so elephants lost their homes. People also killed elephants for their ivory (象牙). As a result, the number of the elephants fell to 3,000 (over 100,000 before). Luckily, people in Thailand have realized (意识到) the problem. They begin to save the elephants. They try to save the trees and not to buy things made of ivory. There’s also a festival for elephants—Thai Elephant Day. It’s on March 13th. On that day, elephants in Thailand don’t need to work or act. They can have a good rest. They wear beautiful clothes and have great fun with people. Elephants in Thailand They are very important. * first flag of Thailand with a white elephant *a symbol of 1 They are 2 . * help do a lot of difficult work for people * can play soccer or music * can 3 * can walk for a long time and never get lost * can remember places with food and water They were in great danger. * people 4 many trees * people killed them for ivory * the number fell How to save them * save the trees * not to buy things made of ivory * 5 $