专题05 阅读还原（期末真题汇编，山东专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 汇集山东多地市八年级下期末真题，聚焦“人与社会”“人与自我”主题，通过阅读还原题型考查逻辑思维与文化理解，素材涵盖科普知识、中华文化、科技发展等真实情境。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读还原|14篇短文（每篇5-6空）|上下文逻辑衔接、文化意识（如杜甫诗歌、筷子文化）、科普知识（AI、数码设备影响）|真题汇编，主题式编排（如“科普知识”“人际交往”），情境贴近学生生活与社会热点，考查思维品质中的分析与推断能力|

专题05 阅读还原 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．E Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．F Passage 3 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．E 5．B Passage 4 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 主题02 人与社会--人际交往与志愿服务 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．E Passage 3 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 主题03 人与社会--中华文化 Passage 1 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．E Passage 2 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．D Passage 3 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．D 主题04 人与社会--科学技术 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．D Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．G 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．E Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．C 5．B Passage 3 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．B 主题02 人与自我--哲理感悟 Passage 1 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 2 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 主题03 人与自我--问题与解决 Passage 1 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．D Passage 2 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．F Passage3 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．B 主题04 人与社会--文化差异 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．G Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．E / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读还原 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市章丘区·期末） Crying is sometimes good for both your body and mind. 1 It also helps keep your eyes clean. Crying is like giving your eyes a good wash from the inside. Moreover, it can help you sleep better. 2 When you are happy, you may not often think of crying. But have you ever heard of “happy crying”? You might have experienced it before. Scientists have found out happy crying may happen in the following situations: ◇ 3    When you have some bad feelings that haven’t been noticed for a long time, and they can’t be expressed easily, happy crying happens. That is to say, even when you experience something happy, the bad feelings that haven’t been noticed or dealt with will still make you cry. ◇ When you are unable to keep yourself in good condition. Crying can help you manage strong moods or feelings. Some happy moments can also bring you strong feelings and you may find it hard to control them. 1 When you cry, it feels like you are driving some bad or terrible feelings away from your body. Besides, the hormones (激素) in tears can help to keep a balance between body and mood. 2 This helps people face difficulties in life more actively. A．At this time, crying can be helpful. B．It is a good way to make you feel less stressed and cheer you up. C．When you have feelings that can’t be expressed. D．Crying is usually connected with feelings like anger or sadness. E．They can calm you down and make you feel peaceful. F．Perhaps crying too much is not good for you. G．You will find it difficult to calm down after crying. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市崂山区·期末） As we spend more time on touchscreens, digital devices (数码设备) are not just changing our habits, but also changing our skills, especially in kids. Chloe Han is a teacher who works with young children. She has noticed that kids’ physical abilities are getting worse because they spend too much time on screens. 1 But many experts are worried that too much screen time is hurting kids’ fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are the small movements we make with our hands and fingers. 2 Normally, children develop these skills by doing hands-on activities like playing with toys and making arts works. But now, kids often play more on screens than with their hands, leading to weaker fine motor skills. 3 They don’t help develop the finger movements and hand-eye coordination (协调) that hands-on play provides. Less physical playtime means that children have fewer chances to build these important skills naturally. 4 More children are in need of help with their fine motor skills for school and activities. Some are even hard to hold a pencil or zip up their jackets. But there’s good news. 5 Fun activities like drawing and building with Lego improve their hand-eye coordination. These activities also improve the skills that can help children do better during playground activities. Finding a better way between screen time and physical play helps kids develop strong fine motor skills while still enjoying the technology. A．The digital devices are expensive for kids to buy. B．The digital world can be quite fun and educational. C．Using screens needs a lot of tapping and swiping (点击和滑动). D．As a result, everyday activities are now a challenge for many young learners. E．These skills help us do everyday activities, such as buttoning shirts and tying shoes. F．Parents and teachers can help by adding screen-free playtime to kids’ everyday activities. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市即墨区·期末） The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometers across North Africa. 1 During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest (艰难的) environments on Earth. The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, most of them nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes. 2 The nomads of the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means “desert people”. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them, they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. 3 A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. 4 Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel (砂砾). 5 Later it turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is place of history and change. A．Without water, life is impossible. B．Long ago, the Sahara was covered with ice. C．The Sahara is a large desert full of sand. D．The weather there can be very different in a day’s time. E．To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. F．They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市胶州市·期末） In spring, some people wear T-shirts while others are in down coats. 1 This happens because everyone’s body acts differently to the same weather. Scientists say feeling hot or cold also depends on your body, not just the air. In fact, people don’t feel air temperature right away. There are sensors (传感器) on our skin that can feel cold, cool, warm, and hot temperatures. 2 They send information to our head, which then tells us if we’re feeling hot or cold. When bodies are the same size, how much body fat we have can be different and make us feel different about temperature. 3 This is because the fat under the skin helps keep heat (热度). For example, old people often feel colder than young people as the fat under the skin gets less with age. 4 We need blood to move around our bodies to keep us warm. Since most people’s hearts are about the same size, it is more difficult and it takes more time for the blood to move around in taller people. So taller people might feel colder. Metabolism (新陈代谢) also changes how we feel temperature. It shows how fast our bodies use energy (能量). People with a higher Metabolism feel hotter than others. 5 And they may take more time to cool down. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项多余选项。 A．Surprisingly, another reason is height. B．This is because they produce more heat. C．The sensors are also found in our nose and body. D．The more body fat one has, the warmer he or she feels. E．The kind of clothing people wear leads to different feelings. F．It seems that people feel different temperatures on the same day. 主题02 人与社会--人际交往与志愿服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市高新区·期末） Everyone has different opinions. This is very common. Your opinion is one of the things that make you different, according to Lisa Linardatos, a clinical psychologist (诊疗心理学家) from Canada. 1 It allows you to share yourself with others. But you should be careful about how you express your opinions. First, listen carefully to other people. Although you may be eager (热切的) to explain your side, you should listen to others explain their opinions first. 2 You will also better understand their side at the conversation. Next, express your own opinion politely. Remember, you’re not trying to start an argument. Don’t express yourself too eagerly. 3 Don’t try to make your friends think like you. Last but most importantly, show your friends that you value (重视) your friendship, even if you disagree about some things. This can stop both of you from becoming too emotional (情绪化的). In the future, you may have different opinions with many people. 1 You can even learn from it. For example, sometimes you may not realize (意识到) that your ideas are wrong. But by sharing them with others, you have a chance to learn, according to Li Songwei, a Beijing-based psychologist. 根据短文内容，选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中一项为多余选项。 A．In fact, this can be a good thing. B．Winning or losing is not the point. C．It is okay to express your own opinions. D．This will help keep the conversation calm. E．You should start a conversation to express your opinions. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市天桥区·期末） How many close friends do you have? And does the number of friends you have play a role in your life? Researchers in Australia studied 1, 500 people over 70 and found that those with strong friendships live longer. 1 For example, people with close friends are more likely to exercise, eat well, and feel good about themselves. Friendships also influence wealth (财富) . An American study of 10, 000 students, over a period of 35 years, found that if you make more friends at school, you’ll make more money in later life. People need good social skills at work to communicate with people and work in a team successfully. 2 Online networks make it easy to stay in touch. On average, teenagers have 500 online “friends,” while adults have 130. But according to Oxford Professor Robin Dunbar, people regularly (定期) communicate with only about 150. He suggests we typically have five very close friends, ten more we contact (联系) sometimes, 35 we share hobbies with, and 100 we don’t know well. 3 However, having too many online friends might be harmful (有害的). 4 Seeing others’ “perfect lives” can make people feel bad, and being popular online can cause social stress. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this: first take away all the people you can’t remember. 5 And finally take away friends who you wouldn’t care if you lost touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. A．More than this, relationships become less meaningful. B．The more online friends we have, the happier we will be. C．These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. D．One key reason is that good friends encourage healthy habits. E．Then take away those you haven’t been in touch with for a year. F．So it’s not necessary to share everything with your close friends. G．A study found that highly sociable users experienced more worries. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东德州市陵城区·期末） A couple of years ago, my teacher asked me to take part in a program. 1 I thought for a while and agreed. To start with, I thought I would be afraid to be around the disabled (残疾人). I was a little nervous. 2 As soon as I got to the school, a teacher welcomed me at the school gate. She took me to a class on the first floor. I walked into the classroom and saw ten special students sitting inside. I smiled at them and they smiled back at me. 3 After telling the stories, I helped the children make clay figurines (泥人). I felt good when I saw the children’s smiles on their faces. To my surprise, they made clay figurines very well. I even created the “Castle for Kids” project. I thought it would be fun for the children to change the classroom into a castle. The children were builders of the castle. 4 Today I still work with special children.   5 It helps me to understand others’ needs better. A．Working with them has changed my life. B．They also built a lifetime of memories for themselves and me. C．After introducing myself, I told some stories to them. D．I took a deep breath and tried to calm down. E．I felt sad when I said goodbye to them. F．The program’s purpose was to go to a special school and help the disabled there. 主题03 人与社会--中华文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东滨州市滨城区·期末） Good rain knows its time right; It will fall when comes spring. With wind it steals in night; Mute, it moistens each thing. 1 Yes, it is Du Fu (712—770). Most of you know him and his poems. But many Western people are not familiar with the poet. Thanks to a recent BBC documentary called Du Fu, China’s Greatest Poet, they have a chance to learn more about Du. As the first English-language documentary about Du, 2 one of the greatest writers of the West. They created the standard of judging great poetry, it says. Du lived during the Tang Dynasty (618—907). He worked in the court. Later, he saw how the country came to an end and how people suffered (遭受). 3 He recorded these things in his poems. He talked about his suffering and how he cared about the country and common people. Some people said, Du’s poems give us a closer look at history. 4 Did you know? Li Bai was Du Fu’s good friend. Both were great poets of their period. 5 Most of Li’s poems describe scenery and are full of imagination. Du’s poems are more about real life. A．That’s why they have been so popular for a long time. B．it compares him to William Shakespeare, C．Du Fu has been popular for many years. D．Do you know who wrote this poem above? E．But their poems are different. F．He also went through ups and downs in his own life. G．In order to let students know it is important to learn his poems. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东烟台市莱阳市·期末） Chinese calligraphy (书法) is a mix of art and writing. People use a brush, ink, and special paper to create Chinese characters. This art started over 3,000 years ago with characters written on bones (骨头). 1 But later it became a special art. 2 How you hold the brush, move your hand and write is important. The way characters look on paper makes them beautiful. It’s not just about writing. It also shows the writer’s feelings. 3 His work is an important part of Chinese culture and history. It shows how Chinese writing has changed over time. Calligraphy isn’t just for famous artists like Wang Xizhi. 4 For example, people write calligraphy on couplets during the Spring Festival. It’s a way for Chinese people to enjoy beauty and express themselves. Calligraphy connects the past and present. Where there is Chinese language, there is calligraphy. 5 A．It can also be seen in our daily lives. B．There are five styles of handwriting. C．Calligraphy needs a lot of practice and skills. D．And where there is calligraphy, there is beauty. E．At first, calligraphy was just for writing things down. F．A famous example of calligraphy is “Lan Ting Xu” by Wang Xizhi. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东淄博市周村区·期末） When you use a knife and fork, you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand. But with chopsticks, you can solve eating problems with just one hand. Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood. One day, he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. 1 It was one of the legends (传说) about chopsticks. In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze (青铜). They were discovered from Henan Province. Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meaning of chopsticks. 2 Do you notice that one end of the chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? In Chinese culture, the round end is the symbol of Heaven (天) and the square end is the symbol of Earth. 3 It shows the perfect combination (结合) of yin and yang. 4 At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world. So it’s unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks. A．Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs. B．It is not easy to learn to use chopsticks. C．That was how chopsticks came into use. D．The influence of Chinese culture has been far and wide. E．It’s regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture. 主题04 人与社会--科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） Humans are good at certain things but bad at other things. We once thought that we were unbeatable at board games like chess and go (围棋). But now we know that developed AI systems (系统) can beat the best human players. 1 But even the most intelligent (智能的) systems are good at only a few kinds of jobs. Truly intelligent machines must be able to learn. 2 For example, it takes humans only about 20-30 hours to learn how to drive properly, but at present no machine can drive independently as well as a human, even after thousands of hours. Today some machines are so intelligent that some people consider them to be a risk. They worry that machines will become smarter than us and take over the world. 1 Another problem is how to control the behavior (行为) of intelligent machines. We can “educate” machines to behave properly—the same way we educate our kids. We can make rules for them to make sure their behavior is proper. 2 I am confident (自信的) in our ability to deal with the problems of new technologies successfully as they appear. What excites me most about the future of AI is discovering more secrets of intelligence. 3 So that we can better understand the world. I also hope that we will be able to improve AI more successfully to help us live more comfortable lives in the future. A．Every new technology brings with it some unexpected results. B．Actually, intelligence does not mean one will control the other. C．Today, there are other jobs which AI systems can perform better than humans. D．That would help us build more intelligent systems. E．Humans learn naturally, but the best learning machines still cannot. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市槐荫区·期末） Do you know virtual products (虚拟产品) ? They are things that you can’t touch or see. These days, they have become quite popular with young people in China. 1 If you want to play jokes on your friends, you can buy virtual bees for them. Then someone will buzz (发出蜂鸣声) at them. If you find it hard to study on your own, you can join a virtual study room online. 1 When you want to play on your phone, the watcher will stop you right away. Another popular virtual product is called the “virtual tree hole”. It means that you can pay someone to listen to you when you need someone to talk to. “I found it hard to share some secrets with family or friends. 2 They can give me some great advice. ” said Yu Xiaoyu, a user of the “virtual tree hole”. 3 “It’s a matter of luck, ” Yu said. “Sometimes you meet nice people, but sometimes you feel even worse. ” Buying virtual products shows young people’s emotional (情感的) needs. But there’s also a risk that you may share your information with strangers too much when you’re down. 4 A．Talking to strangers is easier for me. B．It’s good to have great virtual products. C．There will be somebody watching over you. D．There are many kinds of virtual products online. E．However, the communication isn’t always good. F．Virtual products are the best way to make friends. G．So protecting personal information is very important. 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市历下区·期末） What’s best: a new phone or a day out with friends? Is it better to spend money buying things or doing things? A study showed that six in ten people would like to pay for something to do instead of something to have. 1 Many people think that material possessions (物质财产) can last for many years, while experiences are short. 2 Professor Gilovich found that the happiness that objects provide can disappear quickly. We are used to having new things, so instead of being something we are excited about, they just become our new normal. Our feelings can also be affected (影响) by others. 3 So if someone else has better things, we may no longer like what we own. A holiday may be short, but the happiness can last much longer. Waiting for something from online shopping may be boring, but waiting for an event brings great excitement. Experiences are often shared, so we get joy from social events with other people. Memories of our experiences become part of our life. 4 Of course, it’s not always that simple. Other studies have shown that happiness from experiences might depend on your personality (性格), and how many possessions you already have. A shy person may get less joy from social activities. 5 However, for many of us, it could be that we’ll be more likely to spend on something to do, A．Soon we may even feel sad to part with certain old things. B．For example, young people enjoy spending the most on fun activities. C．It’s hard for us to choose how to spend our money properly. D．This, however, might be the wrong way to look at things. E．And those with few possessions may get greater joy from objects. F．We often compare what we have with other people. G．An object gets worse over time, while sweet memories always stay. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市莱西市·期末） Tacos are the world’s most popular street food, according to a new study of TikTok posts. Coming from Mexico, 1 Common fillings of tacos are meat, beans and cheese. 2 It made a list of more than 300 kinds of street foods from 136 countries, and looked at TikTok to see how many times each one was talked about on the app. Tacos, a type of Mexican pancake filled with meat, vegetables or almost anything else you can think of, were talked about more than 1.8 million times. 3 Eaten in India at any time of day, these are crispy dough balls (面团) often filled with potato, chickpeas and spices. Pani puri was talked about more than 734, 000 times, a little more than the third-placed food: hot dogs, which were talked about almost 654,000 times. Some sweet snacks were also in the website’s top 10, including waffles, croissants and crepes. Many of the most popular street foods on the list are things you can easily eat while walking, 1 Many of these street foods can now be found around the world, 2 But travel website Time Out says eating authentic (正宗的) local street food is one of the best parts of travelling! 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A．Next came a South Asian favorite, pani puri. B．although some are easier to find than others. C．although you might get some sauce (调味汁) on your shirt! D．these simple and hand-sized snacks are enjoyed around the world. E．The outside of the shell is nice and crispy, and the inside is really soft. F．A company called Remitly wanted to find out about the world’s best-loved street foods. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东临沂市兰山区·期末） In the countries all over the world, people are leaving the countryside in large numbers to find jobs in the cities. They leave because the countryside is much poorer than the city, 1 Services such as hospitals and transport are usually much better in cities than they are in the countryside. They hope that their lives will be improved when they move to the city. But in the big cities of Europe and America, people are moving out of the city. These are usually families who have some money, and want to live a quieter life. 2 And they are tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses. They don’t want to sit in traffic any more. They want a house with a garden, and clean air that isn’t polluted. So they move out. Some don’t go very far, just a little way out of the city, to the towns near the cities, and other people move to the real countryside with sheep and cows and green fields! 3 4 After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big mistake. They don’t make so much money and there isn’t much work to do. Country people are very different and aren’t always very friendly. As a result, quite a lot of people who have moved to the countryside move back to the city. “It’s wonderful to see crowds in the streets and cinema lights,” they say. “ 5 ” A．We’ll never leave the countryside! B．I’m so glad that I’m back in the city! C．And often there isn’t much work there. D．They are tired of the noise and the dirt of the city. E．But not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy. F．There, they start new lives and try to make new friends. 主题02 人与自我--哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市潍城区·期末） A student asked his teacher ,“Sir, I have a question. How many friends should a person have—one or many?” “It is easy,” the teacher answered. “Get me that red apple from the highest branch (树枝) of the tree.” The student looked up and said, “It’s too high! I can’t reach it.” “Ask a friend. Maybe he can help,” the teacher suggested. 1 “I still can’t reach it, sir,” said the student sadly after the first try. “Don’t you have more friends?” the teacher smiled. 1 They stood on each other’s shoulders, trying to make a human pyramid (金字塔). But the apple was so high that they couldn’t go higher and the pyramid fell. 2 Then one of the friends went home, brought a ladder (梯子)and the students finally picked the apple. After getting the apple, the teacher asked, “So, do you understand how many friends a person needs?” “I do,” the student said. “Many, so together we can work out any problem.” “Sounds good,” the teacher said. “ 1 Among them, there will be at least one smart person who can think of a good idea, like getting a ladder!” 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A．I should have many friends. B．You need as many friends as you can. C．The students still couldn’t reach the apple. D．The student asked more friends to come over. E．The student called another student and stood on his shoulders to reach the branch. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东枣庄市薛城区·期末） Leo was a small and thin boy. Some boys in the village often made fun of him, which made him sad. One day, a wizard (巫师) saw Leo being made fun of. When the other boys left, the wizard went over to Leo. 1 “When a person wearing it acts bravely, he turns into a lion,” the wizard told Leo. 2 When the boys came, Leo felt the tail behind his body and remembered what the wizard had said. 3 He looked at them and said he would make them feel sorry for what they did. Hearing this, the boys looked at each other and finally ran off as quickly as possible. Leo was very happy. 4 But he was a bit disappointed that his new lion body lasted only a short time, so he couldn’t fight them. The wizard saw everything and told him that no one fights with lions because they know lions are very brave and strong. Leo understood everything. There had been no magic and no transformation. 5 Bravery is power. A．He must have turned into a lion just now. B．Leo was very scared. C．He gave Leo a magic lion’s tail. D．Those bad boys are afraid of facing a truly brave boy. E．Leo hung the lion’s tail behind his body. F．He made two fists (拳头) and became brave. G．The boys apologized to Leo for their mistakes. 主题03 人与自我--问题与解决 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东烟台龙口市·期末） Everyone has their own personality traits (性格特点), but you may think some are not good for your growth. Of course, you can make a change for the better if you want. Face up to your faults. 1 Think about it carefully and write down the traits, like the ones that always get you into trouble. You can also ask a friend or a family member for help. When you are talking with some people who know you well, ask them what they think your faults are. 2 They can sometimes see some of your faults that you don’t know. Find people who you want to learn from. There must be some people you look up to in real life. Maybe they are hosts, writers or scientists. 3 Knowing more about them can help you find out the personality traits that they have and that you would like to have. Put your ideas into practice. You can get started after you decide what you want to change. But if you try to change many personality traits at a time, you won’t be able to focus on any of them. 4 To have a good beginning, you can start with easier ones. It’s not easy to form a new habit. It can take months or years for your new personality traits to really feel like you. 5 Keep moving forward and don’t give up! A．Other people may help you see yourself clearly. B．Make sure they are the most outgoing ones in the world. C．Try reading stories or watching videos about these people. D．But if you practice them long enough, you’ll make it in the end. E．So, work on just one or two traits at first and leave the others for later. F．Which of your personality traits stop you from living the life you want? Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市莱芜区·期末） Teenagers are in a special stage of physical and mental (心理) development: Social nervousness is quite common among teenagers, but don’t be afraid. The things that make you nervous in social situations can become good points. 1 Thoughts are not facts. Teenagers with social anxiety (焦虑) usually think that bad things will surely come. 2 Just because you’re scared something bad will happen doesn’t mean it will. For example, a teen might be afraid of asking teachers simple questions, but teachers are glad to help. 3 We find that teens with social anxiety often pay too much attention to themselves. This can cause problems. Try to look at others instead. You can start by listening to what they say and joining in their activities. Discover your advantages. Teenagers with social anxiety have their own strong points. They may be very kind-hearted and can have great talks about the things they are interested in, though unaware (没意识到). For example, a quiet teen who loves painting can share ideas actively when talking about it. 4 Master self-encouragement. Teenagers with social anxiety often feel bad about themselves. When that happens, they should learn to encourage themselves. 5 It can also help you to feel better and more confident. By using these tips, teenagers can manage their social anxiety well and become more confident in social life. A．Change your attention to others. B．Teenagers always worry about their exams. C．But remember, thoughts are not always the truth. D．They have many after-school activities. E．The following tips may be of some help. F．Encouraging yourself in a kind way can help you face social events better. G．This shows that they have the ability to communicate well in their favorite field. Passage3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市泰山区·期末） Adolescence (青春期) is important in everyone’s life. It includes a lot of big changes. 1 During this stage (阶段), teenagers start to grow more quickly. They can find that they are much taller than before. They also begin to notice other body changes, like the change of their voice. Appearance (外貌) is very important in life. 2 They usually spend much time looking in the mirror and dressing themselves. Teenagers have an increasing need for private space. They don’t want their parents to go into their rooms. 3 If their parents want to know some secrets about them by reading their diaries, they usually become very angry and even argue with their parents. 4 Since teenagers’ way of thinking changes, they hope to be treated as an adult and get respect (尊重) and trust. They want to make their own decisions on some things, such as deciding whether to go abroad or not. Some of them even want to get away from their family and experience a different life. Teenagers develop friendships. 5 They used to share everything with parents, but now they like to share everything with friends better. Friendship is very important to them. A．They become more independent than before. B．Teenagers at this time always put their friends first. C．When meeting something, they like keeping diaries. D．The most common change is the physical change. E．They care a lot about what clothes they wear and what hairstyles they have. 主题04 人与社会--文化差异 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市钢城区·期末） There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant (令人愉快的) but are not. 1 When someone says they have to “face the music”, it does not mean they are going to a concert. “Facing the music” means to accept and deal with the punishment (惩罚) of an action. 2 For example, “I can’t face another night of camping! It’s cold and rainy.” Or “In life, you must face your fears.” Face used in this way is very common. But now, let’s go back to facing the music. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says, “Thanks so much for watching my car while I’m away. But please, do not drive it. It is an extremely (极其) fast car.” 3 You want to show off to some friends. So, you drive it around town one night. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. Bang! When your friend returns, you must tell her what you have done and “face the music”. 4 It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both. Whatever the music is, you must face it. 5 To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done. And if someone says, “You made your bed. Now lie in it,” they mean you created a bad situation and now you will experience the results! A．But you do not listen. B．“Face the music” is a good example. C．The “music” here is the result of your actions. D．Americans often use the word “face” in this way. E．Everyone likes to enjoy a concert in the evening. F．You are very afraid of losing the trust of your friend. G．There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as “face the music”. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东威海乳山市·期末） New words keep coming into the English language all the time. Actually, English has always been changing. In recent years, more and more words and phrases have entered the language. This is partly because dictionary makers are willing to put them in dictionaries. 1 Words come from the culture they stand for and describe. So, if there’s a new development in medicine, we’ll get a new word from it. 2 For example, World War I and World War II were times when a lot of new words were made. People from different countries met and shared their words. 3 It surely has more words than other European languages and maybe more than any other language in the world. This is mainly because English is made up of many different parts. At first, it was a German-like language. After the Norman Conquest (诺曼征服), many French words came in. English comes from the UK. The UK was a big trading and colonial country in the past. 4 When it comes to finding and adding new words, dictionary makers usually type them into their computers and send them to the main computer. 5 They have to wait until there’s enough proof (证据) that the word is used a lot in the computer files before they put it in the dictionary. A．They have trouble with so many words. B．But where do these new words come from? C．All these have brought lots of new words into English. D．Does English have more words than other languages? E．They don’t add a word just because they see one use of it. F．If there’s a war, it may make all kinds of new words appear and be noticed by people. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读还原 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市章丘区·期末） Crying is sometimes good for both your body and mind. 1 It also helps keep your eyes clean. Crying is like giving your eyes a good wash from the inside. Moreover, it can help you sleep better. 2 When you are happy, you may not often think of crying. But have you ever heard of “happy crying”? You might have experienced it before. Scientists have found out happy crying may happen in the following situations: ◇ 3    When you have some bad feelings that haven’t been noticed for a long time, and they can’t be expressed easily, happy crying happens. That is to say, even when you experience something happy, the bad feelings that haven’t been noticed or dealt with will still make you cry. ◇ When you are unable to keep yourself in good condition. Crying can help you manage strong moods or feelings. Some happy moments can also bring you strong feelings and you may find it hard to control them. 1 When you cry, it feels like you are driving some bad or terrible feelings away from your body. Besides, the hormones (激素) in tears can help to keep a balance between body and mood. 2 This helps people face difficulties in life more actively. A．At this time, crying can be helpful. B．It is a good way to make you feel less stressed and cheer you up. C．When you have feelings that can’t be expressed. D．Crying is usually connected with feelings like anger or sadness. E．They can calm you down and make you feel peaceful. F．Perhaps crying too much is not good for you. G．You will find it difficult to calm down after crying. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文主要讲述了哭泣对身体和心理的益处，特别是快乐哭泣的现象及其作用。 【详解】1．根据“It also helps keep your eyes clean.”可知，此处与哭泣的作用有关。选项B“这是一种让你感觉压力更小，且让你振作起来的好方法。”符合语境。故选B。 1．根据“When you are happy, you may not often think of crying.”可知，此处与发生哭泣时的情绪有关。选项D“哭泣通常与愤怒或悲伤等情绪有关。”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“When you have some bad feelings that haven’t been noticed for a long time, and they can’t be expressed easily, happy crying happens.”可知，此处需填入无法表达情绪的情形。选项C“当你有无法表达的感觉时。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“When you cry, it feels like you are driving some bad or terrible feelings away from your body.”可知，此处与此时哭泣的作用有关。选项A“在这个时候，哭泣是有帮助的。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“the hormones (激素) in tears can help to keep a balance between body and mood.”可知，此处与哭泣能平衡情绪有关。选项E“他们可以让你冷静下来，让你感到平静。”符合语境。故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市崂山区·期末） As we spend more time on touchscreens, digital devices (数码设备) are not just changing our habits, but also changing our skills, especially in kids. Chloe Han is a teacher who works with young children. She has noticed that kids’ physical abilities are getting worse because they spend too much time on screens. 1 But many experts are worried that too much screen time is hurting kids’ fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are the small movements we make with our hands and fingers. 2 Normally, children develop these skills by doing hands-on activities like playing with toys and making arts works. But now, kids often play more on screens than with their hands, leading to weaker fine motor skills. 3 They don’t help develop the finger movements and hand-eye coordination (协调) that hands-on play provides. Less physical playtime means that children have fewer chances to build these important skills naturally. 4 More children are in need of help with their fine motor skills for school and activities. Some are even hard to hold a pencil or zip up their jackets. But there’s good news. 5 Fun activities like drawing and building with Lego improve their hand-eye coordination. These activities also improve the skills that can help children do better during playground activities. Finding a better way between screen time and physical play helps kids develop strong fine motor skills while still enjoying the technology. A．The digital devices are expensive for kids to buy. B．The digital world can be quite fun and educational. C．Using screens needs a lot of tapping and swiping (点击和滑动). D．As a result, everyday activities are now a challenge for many young learners. E．These skills help us do everyday activities, such as buttoning shirts and tying shoes. F．Parents and teachers can help by adding screen-free playtime to kids’ everyday activities. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数码设备对儿童精细运动技能的影响，以及如何通过减少屏幕时间和增加动手活动来帮助儿童发展这些技能。 1．根据“But many experts are worried that too much screen time is hurting kids’ fine motor skills.”可推知，此处需要一个转折句，说明数码设备虽然有趣且具有教育意义，但过度使用会对孩子产生负面影响，选项B“数字世界很有趣，也很有教育意义。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Fine motor skills are the small movements we make with our hands and fingers.”可推知，此处需要补充说明这些技能的具体用途，选项E“这些技能帮助我们完成日常活动，比如扣衬衫扣子和系鞋带。”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“They don’t help develop the finger movements and hand-eye coordination (协调) that hands-on play provides.”可推知，此处需要说明屏幕活动的局限性，选项C“使用屏幕需要大量的点击和滑动。”符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“More children are in need of help with their fine motor skills for school and activities. Some are even hard to hold a pencil or zip up their jackets.”可推知，此处需要说明这种技能不足的后果，选项D“因此，日常活动现在对许多年轻学习者来说是一个挑战。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“Fun activities like drawing and building with Lego improve their hand-eye coordination.”可推知，此处需要提出解决方案，选项F“家长和老师可以通过在孩子的日常活动中增加无屏幕游戏时间来帮助他们。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市即墨区·期末） The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometers across North Africa. 1 During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest (艰难的) environments on Earth. The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, most of them nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes. 2 The nomads of the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means “desert people”. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them, they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. 3 A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. 4 Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel (砂砾). 5 Later it turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is place of history and change. A．Without water, life is impossible. B．Long ago, the Sahara was covered with ice. C．The Sahara is a large desert full of sand. D．The weather there can be very different in a day’s time. E．To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. F．They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、气候特征、居民生活方式以及沙漠的定义和历史变迁。 1．根据下一句“During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold.”可知，是在描述了撒哈拉沙漠白天很热，晚上很冷。选项D“那里的天气在一天之内可能会有很大的不同。”引起下文，符合语境。故选D。 2．根据上一句“Nomads are people who have no permanent homes.”以及后两句“The nomads of the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means ‘desert people’. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport.”可知，是在描述了游牧民族没有固定住所，他们依靠山羊、绵羊和骆驼来获取食物和运输。选项F“他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方，带着他们生活所需的一切。”符合语境。故选F。 3．根据上一句“Water is the most important for them, they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it.”可知，是在描述水对撒哈拉沙漠中的人们的重要性。结合选项，选项A“没有水，生命是不可能的。”承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 4．根据上一句“A desert is not defined by sand but by the lack of rain.”以及后两句“Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel.”可知，是在描述沙漠的定义与降雨量有关，而不是沙子。选项E“要成为沙漠，一个地方每年必须得到少于250毫米的降雨量。”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据后两句“Later it turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today.”可知，是在描述撒哈拉沙漠的演变过程。选项B“很久以前，撒哈拉被冰覆盖。”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市胶州市·期末） In spring, some people wear T-shirts while others are in down coats. 1 This happens because everyone’s body acts differently to the same weather. Scientists say feeling hot or cold also depends on your body, not just the air. In fact, people don’t feel air temperature right away. There are sensors (传感器) on our skin that can feel cold, cool, warm, and hot temperatures. 2 They send information to our head, which then tells us if we’re feeling hot or cold. When bodies are the same size, how much body fat we have can be different and make us feel different about temperature. 3 This is because the fat under the skin helps keep heat (热度). For example, old people often feel colder than young people as the fat under the skin gets less with age. 4 We need blood to move around our bodies to keep us warm. Since most people’s hearts are about the same size, it is more difficult and it takes more time for the blood to move around in taller people. So taller people might feel colder. Metabolism (新陈代谢) also changes how we feel temperature. It shows how fast our bodies use energy (能量). People with a higher Metabolism feel hotter than others. 5 And they may take more time to cool down. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项多余选项。 A．Surprisingly, another reason is height. B．This is because they produce more heat. C．The sensors are also found in our nose and body. D．The more body fat one has, the warmer he or she feels. E．The kind of clothing people wear leads to different feelings. F．It seems that people feel different temperatures on the same day. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文解释了为什么在相同天气下，不同人对温度的感知不同。 【详解】16．根据前文“In spring, some people wear T-shirts while others are in down coats.”和后文“This happens because everyone’s body acts differently to the same weather.”可知，此处应填入一个总结性句子，说明人们对同一天气的温度感受不同。选项F“似乎人们在同一天感受到不同的温度。”符合语境。故选F。 1．根据前文“There are sensors (传感器) on our skin that can feel cold, cool, warm, and hot temperatures.”和后文“They send information to our head…”可知，“They”指代传感器。此处应补充传感器的其他信息。选项C“传感器也存在于鼻子和身体其他部位。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据前文“When bodies are the same size, how much body fat we have can be different and make us feel different about temperature.”提到体脂影响温度感受，后文“This is because the fat under the skin helps keep heat.”解释原因。此处需要一个过渡句。选项D“体脂越多，感觉越温暖。“故选D。 3．根据后文“We need blood to move around our bodies to keep us warm… So taller people might feel colder.”提到身高影响温度感受，此处需要一个引入身高因素的句子。选项A“令人惊讶的是，另一个原因是身高。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据前文“People with a higher Metabolism feel hotter than others.”提到新陈代谢快的人感觉更热，此处应解释原因。选项B“这是因为他们产生更多热量。”符合语境。故选B。 主题02 人与社会--人际交往与志愿服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市高新区·期末） Everyone has different opinions. This is very common. Your opinion is one of the things that make you different, according to Lisa Linardatos, a clinical psychologist (诊疗心理学家) from Canada. 1 It allows you to share yourself with others. But you should be careful about how you express your opinions. First, listen carefully to other people. Although you may be eager (热切的) to explain your side, you should listen to others explain their opinions first. 2 You will also better understand their side at the conversation. Next, express your own opinion politely. Remember, you’re not trying to start an argument. Don’t express yourself too eagerly. 3 Don’t try to make your friends think like you. Last but most importantly, show your friends that you value (重视) your friendship, even if you disagree about some things. This can stop both of you from becoming too emotional (情绪化的). In the future, you may have different opinions with many people. 1 You can even learn from it. For example, sometimes you may not realize (意识到) that your ideas are wrong. But by sharing them with others, you have a chance to learn, according to Li Songwei, a Beijing-based psychologist. 根据短文内容，选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中一项为多余选项。 A．In fact, this can be a good thing. B．Winning or losing is not the point. C．It is okay to express your own opinions. D．This will help keep the conversation calm. E．You should start a conversation to express your opinions. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述表达个人观点的相关建议，包括表达观点的意义及沟通时倾听、礼貌表达等方法。 1．根据“It allows you to share yourself with others. But you should be careful about how you express your opinions.”可知，前文应是说表达观点是好的，选项C“表达自己的观点是可以的。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“First, listen carefully to other people. Although you may be eager (热切的) to explain your side, you should listen to others explain their opinions first....You will also better understand their side at the conversation.”可知，此处应是介绍倾听他人观点的好处，选项D“这会有助于让对话保持冷静。”，承接倾听的作用，符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“Don’t express yourself too eagerly...Don’t try to make your friends think like you.”及选项可知，不要急切表达自己，输赢不重要，不要试图让你的朋友像你一样思考。选项B“输赢不是重点。”符合语境。故选B。 4．根据“In the future, you may have different opinions with many people...You can even learn from it.”可知，是说可以从不同的观点中学习，选项A“事实上，这可能是件好事。”符合语境。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市天桥区·期末） How many close friends do you have? And does the number of friends you have play a role in your life? Researchers in Australia studied 1, 500 people over 70 and found that those with strong friendships live longer. 1 For example, people with close friends are more likely to exercise, eat well, and feel good about themselves. Friendships also influence wealth (财富) . An American study of 10, 000 students, over a period of 35 years, found that if you make more friends at school, you’ll make more money in later life. People need good social skills at work to communicate with people and work in a team successfully. 2 Online networks make it easy to stay in touch. On average, teenagers have 500 online “friends,” while adults have 130. But according to Oxford Professor Robin Dunbar, people regularly (定期) communicate with only about 150. He suggests we typically have five very close friends, ten more we contact (联系) sometimes, 35 we share hobbies with, and 100 we don’t know well. 3 However, having too many online friends might be harmful (有害的). 4 Seeing others’ “perfect lives” can make people feel bad, and being popular online can cause social stress. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this: first take away all the people you can’t remember. 5 And finally take away friends who you wouldn’t care if you lost touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. A．More than this, relationships become less meaningful. B．The more online friends we have, the happier we will be. C．These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. D．One key reason is that good friends encourage healthy habits. E．Then take away those you haven’t been in touch with for a year. F．So it’s not necessary to share everything with your close friends. G．A study found that highly sociable users experienced more worries. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文讨论了朋友数量对生活的影响，包括健康、财富、在线朋友等方面。最终，文章强调真正深厚的友谊比朋友数量更重要。 1．根据“Researchers in Australia studied 1, 500 people over 70 and found that those with strong friendships live longer. ”及“For example, people with close friends are more likely to exercise, eat well, and feel good about themselves. ”可知，空前提到有强大友谊的人活得更长，空后举例说明为什么，因此空处应该解释为什么友谊能让人活得更长。选项D“一个关键原因是好朋友鼓励健康习惯”解释了原因，符合上下文语境。故选D。 2．根据“Friendships also influence wealth (财富).”可知，整个段落是关于友谊对财富的影响。选项C“这些是我们在学校用来交朋友的相同技能。”这里的these skills应该指前一句的good social skills，而make friends at school与前面的内容一致。故选C。 3．空前描述了Dunbar的数字，关于不同层次的友谊。整个段落是关于在线朋友的数量和实际沟通的。选项A“超过这个数量，关系变得不那么有意义”与全文内容相匹配。故选A。 4．根据“However, having too many online friends might be harmful”可知，此处说太多在线朋友可能有害，空后举例说明如何有害；因此空处应该具体说明有害的原因或一个研究。选项G“一项研究发现，高度社交的用户经历更多担忧”符合上文语境。故选G。 5．根据“If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this: first take away all the people you can’t remember.”以及“And finally take away friends who you wouldn’t care if you lost touch with.”可知，空前是第一步：移除记不住的人。空后是最后一步：移除不在乎失去联系的人。因此空处应该是中间步骤。选项E“然后移除那些一年没联系的人”符合上下文语境。故选E。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东德州市陵城区·期末） A couple of years ago, my teacher asked me to take part in a program. 1 I thought for a while and agreed. To start with, I thought I would be afraid to be around the disabled (残疾人). I was a little nervous. 2 As soon as I got to the school, a teacher welcomed me at the school gate. She took me to a class on the first floor. I walked into the classroom and saw ten special students sitting inside. I smiled at them and they smiled back at me. 3 After telling the stories, I helped the children make clay figurines (泥人). I felt good when I saw the children’s smiles on their faces. To my surprise, they made clay figurines very well. I even created the “Castle for Kids” project. I thought it would be fun for the children to change the classroom into a castle. The children were builders of the castle. 4 Today I still work with special children.   5 It helps me to understand others’ needs better. A．Working with them has changed my life. B．They also built a lifetime of memories for themselves and me. C．After introducing myself, I told some stories to them. D．I took a deep breath and tried to calm down. E．I felt sad when I said goodbye to them. F．The program’s purpose was to go to a special school and help the disabled there. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者参加一个帮助残疾儿童的项目，从最初的紧张到逐渐融入，最终与这些特殊儿童建立深厚情感的经历。 1．根据“A couple of years ago, my teacher asked me to take part in a program.”可知，此处在描述项目的目的。选项F“项目的目的是去一所特殊学校帮助那里的残疾人”符合语境。故选F。 2．根据“I was a little nervous.”和“As soon as I got to the school...”可知，此处需填入缓解紧张的动作。选项D“我深呼吸并试图冷静”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“After telling the stories, I helped the children make clay figurines.”可知，此处需填入与“讲故事”相关的动作。选项C“自我介绍后讲故事”符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“The children were builders of the castle.”和后文“Today I still work with special children.”可知，此处需填入项目对双方的深远影响。选项B“他们也为自己和我留下了终生回忆”符合语境。故选B。 5．根据“It helps me to understand others’ needs better.”可知，此处需总结与特殊儿童相处的感悟。选项A“与他们共事改变了我的生活”符合语境。故选A。 主题03 人与社会--中华文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东滨州市滨城区·期末） Good rain knows its time right; It will fall when comes spring. With wind it steals in night; Mute, it moistens each thing. 1 Yes, it is Du Fu (712—770). Most of you know him and his poems. But many Western people are not familiar with the poet. Thanks to a recent BBC documentary called Du Fu, China’s Greatest Poet, they have a chance to learn more about Du. As the first English-language documentary about Du, 2 one of the greatest writers of the West. They created the standard of judging great poetry, it says. Du lived during the Tang Dynasty (618—907). He worked in the court. Later, he saw how the country came to an end and how people suffered (遭受). 3 He recorded these things in his poems. He talked about his suffering and how he cared about the country and common people. Some people said, Du’s poems give us a closer look at history. 4 Did you know? Li Bai was Du Fu’s good friend. Both were great poets of their period. 5 Most of Li’s poems describe scenery and are full of imagination. Du’s poems are more about real life. A．That’s why they have been so popular for a long time. B．it compares him to William Shakespeare, C．Du Fu has been popular for many years. D．Do you know who wrote this poem above? E．But their poems are different. F．He also went through ups and downs in his own life. G．In order to let students know it is important to learn his poems. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了杜甫以及他的诗歌相关内容，包括一首诗引出杜甫，介绍西方人通过纪录片了解他，将其与西方伟大作家对比，讲述杜甫的经历、诗歌特点以及和李白诗歌的差异等。 1．根据“Yes, it is Du Fu (712—770). Most of you know him and his poems.”可知，此处应是提出关于这首诗作者的问题，选项D“你知道上面这首诗是谁写的吗？”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“As the first English-language documentary about Du”以及“one of the greatest writers of the West. They created the standard of judging great poetry, it says.”可知，此处应是将杜甫和西方伟大作家对比，选项B“它把他比作威廉·莎士比亚”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“He worked in the court. Later, he saw how the country came to an end and how people suffered (遭受).”可知，此处应是说杜甫自身的经历，选项F“他自己的生活也经历了起起落落”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“Some people said. Du’s poems give us a closer look at history.”可知，此处应是说杜甫诗歌受欢迎的原因，选项A“这就是为什么它们长期以来如此受欢迎”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“Most of Li’s poems describe scenery and are full of imagination. Du’s poems are more about real life.”可知，此处应是说李白和杜甫诗歌的不同，选项E“但他们的诗不同”符合语境。故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东烟台市莱阳市·期末） Chinese calligraphy (书法) is a mix of art and writing. People use a brush, ink, and special paper to create Chinese characters. This art started over 3,000 years ago with characters written on bones (骨头). 1 But later it became a special art. 2 How you hold the brush, move your hand and write is important. The way characters look on paper makes them beautiful. It’s not just about writing. It also shows the writer’s feelings. 3 His work is an important part of Chinese culture and history. It shows how Chinese writing has changed over time. Calligraphy isn’t just for famous artists like Wang Xizhi. 4 For example, people write calligraphy on couplets during the Spring Festival. It’s a way for Chinese people to enjoy beauty and express themselves. Calligraphy connects the past and present. Where there is Chinese language, there is calligraphy. 5 A．It can also be seen in our daily lives. B．There are five styles of handwriting. C．Calligraphy needs a lot of practice and skills. D．And where there is calligraphy, there is beauty. E．At first, calligraphy was just for writing things down. F．A famous example of calligraphy is “Lan Ting Xu” by Wang Xizhi. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国书法的相关情况，包括其起源、特点、代表作品以及在生活中的体现等内容。 1．根据“This art started over 3,000 years ago with characters written on bones.”和“But later it became a special art.”可知，书法起源于3000多年前写在骨头上的文字，后面说后来成为了一种特殊的艺术。所以这里应该有一个转折，选项E“起初，书法只是用来记录的。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“How you hold the brush, move your hand and write is important.”可知，下文提到如何握笔、运笔以及书写方式的重要性，所以这里应该是在强调书法需要练习和技巧。选项C“书法需要大量练习和技巧。”直接点明主题，引出下文的细节描述。故选C。 3．根据“His work is an important part of Chinese culture and history.”可知，他的作品是中国文化和历史的重要组成部分，此处需填入具体人物例子。选项F“王羲之的《兰亭序》是书法的著名代表。”恰好提供例证，与后文“他”指代一致。故选F。 4．根据“Calligraphy isn’t just for famous artists like Wang Xizhi.”可知，书法不限于名家，后文举例春节写对联，所以此处需填入日常生活的应用。选项A“它也可见于我们的日常生活。”自然衔接，引出春联的例子。故选A。 5．根据“Where there is Chinese language, there is calligraphy.”可知，有中文的地方就有书法；后面需要一个总结性的句子，需对称呼应。选项D“有书法的地方就有美。”形成对仗，总结文化意义，符合结尾升华的语境。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东淄博市周村区·期末） When you use a knife and fork, you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand. But with chopsticks, you can solve eating problems with just one hand. Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood. One day, he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. 1 It was one of the legends (传说) about chopsticks. In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze (青铜). They were discovered from Henan Province. Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meaning of chopsticks. 2 Do you notice that one end of the chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? In Chinese culture, the round end is the symbol of Heaven (天) and the square end is the symbol of Earth. 3 It shows the perfect combination (结合) of yin and yang. 4 At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world. So it’s unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks. A．Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs. B．It is not easy to learn to use chopsticks. C．That was how chopsticks came into use. D．The influence of Chinese culture has been far and wide. E．It’s regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的起源传说、文化意义以及筷子在世界范围内的使用情况，体现了中国文化的影响力。 1．根据“It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood. One day, he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food.”可知，前文讲述了大禹用树枝取热食的故事，这里应表示是筷子开始被使用的由来。选项C“那就是筷子开始被使用的方式”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meaning of chopsticks.”可知，接下来要阐述筷子的文化意义相关内容，选项E“它被视为中国饮食文化的象征之一”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“Do you notice that one end of the chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? In Chinese culture, the round end is the symbol of Heaven (天) and the square end is the symbol of Earth.”以及“It shows the perfect combination (结合) of yin and yang.”可知，此处需介绍筷子是成对使用的，从而体现阴阳结合。选项A“此外，筷子是成对使用的”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world.”可知，说明中国文化影响广泛，选项D“中国文化的影响深远广泛”符合语境。故选D。 主题04 人与社会--科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） Humans are good at certain things but bad at other things. We once thought that we were unbeatable at board games like chess and go (围棋). But now we know that developed AI systems (系统) can beat the best human players. 1 But even the most intelligent (智能的) systems are good at only a few kinds of jobs. Truly intelligent machines must be able to learn. 2 For example, it takes humans only about 20-30 hours to learn how to drive properly, but at present no machine can drive independently as well as a human, even after thousands of hours. Today some machines are so intelligent that some people consider them to be a risk. They worry that machines will become smarter than us and take over the world. 1 Another problem is how to control the behavior (行为) of intelligent machines. We can “educate” machines to behave properly—the same way we educate our kids. We can make rules for them to make sure their behavior is proper. 2 I am confident (自信的) in our ability to deal with the problems of new technologies successfully as they appear. What excites me most about the future of AI is discovering more secrets of intelligence. 3 So that we can better understand the world. I also hope that we will be able to improve AI more successfully to help us live more comfortable lives in the future. A．Every new technology brings with it some unexpected results. B．Actually, intelligence does not mean one will control the other. C．Today, there are other jobs which AI systems can perform better than humans. D．That would help us build more intelligent systems. E．Humans learn naturally, but the best learning machines still cannot. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了人工智能与人类能力的对比。AI在棋类等特定领域超越人类，但通用学习能力仍远不及人类。同时还分析了AI发展的挑战与机遇，强调了人机互补的关系及技术治理的重要性。 1．根据上文“But now we know that developed AI systems can beat the best human players.”及备选项可知，人工智能系统可以击败最好的人类玩家，空处应是继续介绍AI相较于人类的优势，选项C“如今，还有许多工作是人工智能系统能够比人类做得更好的”与之匹配。故选C。 2．根据上下文“Truly intelligent machines must be able to learn…For example, it takes humans only about 20-30 hours to learn how to drive properly, but at present no machine can drive independently as well as a human, even after thousands of hours.”及备选项可知，上文指出了人工智能应该具备学习的能力，下文在举例说明人类学习的优势，则空处应是引出人工智能无法与人类比拟的优势，选项E“人类是通过自然的方式学习的，但最优秀的学习机器仍然无法做到”与之匹配。故选E。 3．根据下文“Another problem is how to control the behavior of intelligent machines.”及备选项可知，空处应是引出与控制人工智能行为相关的信息，选项B“实际上，智能并不意味着一方能够控制另一方”与之匹配。故选B。 4．根据下文“I am confident in our ability to deal with the problems of new technologies successfully as they appear.”及备选项可知，作者有信心可以成功解决新技术所带来的问题，空处应是引出新技术给社会带来的改变，选项A“每一种新技术都会带来一些意想不到的结果”与之匹配。故选A。 5．根据“discovering more secrets of intelligence…So that we can better understand the world”及备选项可知，空处应是引出发现人工智能的秘密对人类的好处，选项D“这将有助于我们构建更智能的系统”与之匹配。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市槐荫区·期末） Do you know virtual products (虚拟产品) ? They are things that you can’t touch or see. These days, they have become quite popular with young people in China. 1 If you want to play jokes on your friends, you can buy virtual bees for them. Then someone will buzz (发出蜂鸣声) at them. If you find it hard to study on your own, you can join a virtual study room online. 1 When you want to play on your phone, the watcher will stop you right away. Another popular virtual product is called the “virtual tree hole”. It means that you can pay someone to listen to you when you need someone to talk to. “I found it hard to share some secrets with family or friends. 2 They can give me some great advice. ” said Yu Xiaoyu, a user of the “virtual tree hole”. 3 “It’s a matter of luck, ” Yu said. “Sometimes you meet nice people, but sometimes you feel even worse. ” Buying virtual products shows young people’s emotional (情感的) needs. But there’s also a risk that you may share your information with strangers too much when you’re down. 4 A．Talking to strangers is easier for me. B．It’s good to have great virtual products. C．There will be somebody watching over you. D．There are many kinds of virtual products online. E．However, the communication isn’t always good. F．Virtual products are the best way to make friends. G．So protecting personal information is very important. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了虚拟产品在中国非常受欢迎及其利弊。 1．根据后文“If you want to play jokes on your friends, you can buy virtual bees for them.”，“If you find it hard to study on your own, you can join a virtual study room online.”及“Another popular virtual product is called the “virtual tree hole”.”可知，此处引出具体的网络上的虚拟产品，选项D“网上有许多种虚拟产品。”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据“If you find it hard to study on your own, you can join a virtual study room online. ”和“When you want to play on your phone, the watcher will stop you right away.”可知，虚拟学习室会有人监督你学习，选项C“会有人监督你的。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“I found it hard to share some secrets with family or friends.”及“They can give me some great advice.”可知，如果很难与家人或朋友分享一些秘密时，可以在树洞上和陌生人分享，陌生人可能会给出很好的建议，选项A“和陌生人说话对我来说更容易。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“They can give me some great advice.”及“It’s a matter of luck,”和“Sometimes you meet nice people, but sometimes you feel even worse.”可知，此处表示转折，介绍使用虚拟树洞和陌生人沟通有时不是很好，选项E“不过，这种沟通并不总是很顺畅。”符合语境。故选E。   5．根据“there’s also a risk that you may share your information with strangers too much when you’re down.”可知，把信息分享给陌生人也是有风险的，使用要保护个人信息，选项G“因此，保护个人信息非常重要。”符合语境，故选G。 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市历下区·期末） What’s best: a new phone or a day out with friends? Is it better to spend money buying things or doing things? A study showed that six in ten people would like to pay for something to do instead of something to have. 1 Many people think that material possessions (物质财产) can last for many years, while experiences are short. 2 Professor Gilovich found that the happiness that objects provide can disappear quickly. We are used to having new things, so instead of being something we are excited about, they just become our new normal. Our feelings can also be affected (影响) by others. 3 So if someone else has better things, we may no longer like what we own. A holiday may be short, but the happiness can last much longer. Waiting for something from online shopping may be boring, but waiting for an event brings great excitement. Experiences are often shared, so we get joy from social events with other people. Memories of our experiences become part of our life. 4 Of course, it’s not always that simple. Other studies have shown that happiness from experiences might depend on your personality (性格), and how many possessions you already have. A shy person may get less joy from social activities. 5 However, for many of us, it could be that we’ll be more likely to spend on something to do, A．Soon we may even feel sad to part with certain old things. B．For example, young people enjoy spending the most on fun activities. C．It’s hard for us to choose how to spend our money properly. D．This, however, might be the wrong way to look at things. E．And those with few possessions may get greater joy from objects. F．We often compare what we have with other people. G．An object gets worse over time, while sweet memories always stay. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文探讨了人们在消费时更倾向于购买物质商品还是体验活动。 【详解】59．根据“A study showed that six in ten people would like to pay for something to do instead of something to have.”可知，研究指出多数人更愿意为体验付费。选项B“例如，年轻人在娱乐活动上花费最多。”符合语境。故选B。 1．根据“Many people think that material possessions can last for many years, while experiences are short.”可知，前文提到传统观点认为物质比体验更持久。选项D“然而，这可能是看待事物的错误方式。”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“Our feelings can also be affected by others.”和“So if someone else has better things, we may no longer like what we own.”可知，此处强调他人对自身感受的影响。选项F“我们常将自己的拥有与他人比较。”符合语境。故选F。 3．根据“Memories of our experiences become part of our life.”可知，体验的记忆会成为生活的一部分。选项G“物品会随时间贬值，而甜蜜回忆永存。”符合语境。故选G。 4．根据“A shy person may get less joy from social activities.”和“However, for many of us...”可知，前文提到性格对幸福感的影响，此处需补充另一影响因素。选项E“拥有较少物质的人可能从物品中获得更大快乐。”符合语境。故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛市莱西市·期末） Tacos are the world’s most popular street food, according to a new study of TikTok posts. Coming from Mexico, 1 Common fillings of tacos are meat, beans and cheese. 2 It made a list of more than 300 kinds of street foods from 136 countries, and looked at TikTok to see how many times each one was talked about on the app. Tacos, a type of Mexican pancake filled with meat, vegetables or almost anything else you can think of, were talked about more than 1.8 million times. 3 Eaten in India at any time of day, these are crispy dough balls (面团) often filled with potato, chickpeas and spices. Pani puri was talked about more than 734, 000 times, a little more than the third-placed food: hot dogs, which were talked about almost 654,000 times. Some sweet snacks were also in the website’s top 10, including waffles, croissants and crepes. Many of the most popular street foods on the list are things you can easily eat while walking, 1 Many of these street foods can now be found around the world, 2 But travel website Time Out says eating authentic (正宗的) local street food is one of the best parts of travelling! 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A．Next came a South Asian favorite, pani puri. B．although some are easier to find than others. C．although you might get some sauce (调味汁) on your shirt! D．these simple and hand-sized snacks are enjoyed around the world. E．The outside of the shell is nice and crispy, and the inside is really soft. F．A company called Remitly wanted to find out about the world’s best-loved street foods. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于全球最受欢迎街头食品的研究结果。研究通过分析TikTok上的讨论热度，发现墨西哥的tacos是最受欢迎的街头食品，其次是南亚的pani puri和热狗。 1．根据前文“Tacos are the world’s most popular street food, according to a new study of TikTok posts. Coming from Mexico”和后文“ Common fillings of tacos are meat, beans and cheese.”可知，此处需说明tacos的全球普及性。选项D“这些简单的手持小吃风靡全球。”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“It made a list of more than 300 kinds of street foods from 136 countries”可知“It”指代研究主体，需先明确研究发起者。选项F “一家名为Remitly的公司想调查全球最受欢迎的街头食品。”符合语境。故选F。 3．根据“Tacos, a type of Mexican pancake filled with meat, vegetables or almost anything else you can think of, were talked about more than 1.8 million times”和“Pani puri was talked about more than 734,000 times”可知，此处需引入第二名。选项A“接下来是南亚最爱的pani puri。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Many of the most popular street foods on the list are things you can easily eat while walking”可知需补充潜在问题。选项C“尽管可能会把酱汁弄到衬衫上！”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据前文“Many of these street foods can now be found around the world”和后文“But travel website Time Out says eating authentic (正宗的) local street food is one of the best parts of travelling!”可知，需强调差异。选项B “尽管有些比其他的更容易找到。”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东临沂市兰山区·期末） In the countries all over the world, people are leaving the countryside in large numbers to find jobs in the cities. They leave because the countryside is much poorer than the city, 1 Services such as hospitals and transport are usually much better in cities than they are in the countryside. They hope that their lives will be improved when they move to the city. But in the big cities of Europe and America, people are moving out of the city. These are usually families who have some money, and want to live a quieter life. 2 And they are tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses. They don’t want to sit in traffic any more. They want a house with a garden, and clean air that isn’t polluted. So they move out. Some don’t go very far, just a little way out of the city, to the towns near the cities, and other people move to the real countryside with sheep and cows and green fields! 3 4 After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big mistake. They don’t make so much money and there isn’t much work to do. Country people are very different and aren’t always very friendly. As a result, quite a lot of people who have moved to the countryside move back to the city. “It’s wonderful to see crowds in the streets and cinema lights,” they say. “ 5 ” A．We’ll never leave the countryside! B．I’m so glad that I’m back in the city! C．And often there isn’t much work there. D．They are tired of the noise and the dirt of the city. E．But not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy. F．There, they start new lives and try to make new friends. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了人们从乡村迁往城市寻找更好生活的原因，以及一些城市人为了追求安静生活又搬回乡村，最后又因生活不如意而返回城市的现象。 【详解】69．根据“people are leaving the countryside in large numbers to find jobs in the cities”和后文“Services such as hospitals and transport are usually much better in cities than they are in the countryside.”可知，乡村条件差，缺少工作机会，选项C“而且那里通常没有太多工作。”与上下文衔接合理。符合语境，故选C。 1．根据“These are usually families who have some money, and want to live a quieter life.”可知，此处应说明他们对城市生活感到厌倦，选项D“他们厌倦了城市的噪音和肮脏。”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据前文“Some don’t go very far...other people move to the real countryside...”可知，此处应承接他们搬到乡村后的情况，选项F“在那里，他们开始新的生活，并尝试结交新朋友。”衔接自然。符合语境。故选F。 3．根据“After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big mistake.”可知，这一段讲的是一些人搬到乡村后并不满意的情况，选项E“但并不是所有从城市搬到乡村的人都感到满意。”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据上一句“It’s wonderful to see crowds in the streets and cinema lights”可知，说话人回到城市后感到高兴，选项B“我真高兴回到城市了！”承接自然。符合语境。故选B。 主题02 人与自我--哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市潍城区·期末） A student asked his teacher ,“Sir, I have a question. How many friends should a person have—one or many?” “It is easy,” the teacher answered. “Get me that red apple from the highest branch (树枝) of the tree.” The student looked up and said, “It’s too high! I can’t reach it.” “Ask a friend. Maybe he can help,” the teacher suggested. 1 “I still can’t reach it, sir,” said the student sadly after the first try. “Don’t you have more friends?” the teacher smiled. 1 They stood on each other’s shoulders, trying to make a human pyramid (金字塔). But the apple was so high that they couldn’t go higher and the pyramid fell. 2 Then one of the friends went home, brought a ladder (梯子)and the students finally picked the apple. After getting the apple, the teacher asked, “So, do you understand how many friends a person needs?” “I do,” the student said. “Many, so together we can work out any problem.” “Sounds good,” the teacher said. “ 1 Among them, there will be at least one smart person who can think of a good idea, like getting a ladder!” 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A．I should have many friends. B．You need as many friends as you can. C．The students still couldn’t reach the apple. D．The student asked more friends to come over. E．The student called another student and stood on his shoulders to reach the branch. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文通过讲述找朋友帮忙够苹果的故事，老师告诉学生应该需要尽可能多的朋友。其中，至少会有一个聪明人能想出一个好主意，帮助解决问题。 1．根据“‘Ask a friend. Maybe he can help,’ the teacher suggested.”可知，老师建议他喊一个朋友来帮忙，因此他叫来另一名学生，E项“这个学生叫来另一个学生，站在他的肩膀上去够树枝。”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据“‘I still can’t reach it, sir,’ said the student sadly after the first try. ‘Don’t you have more friends?’ the teacher smiled.”可知，他喊来更多朋友，D项“这个学生邀请了更多的朋友过来。”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据“But the apple was so high that they couldn’t go higher and the pyramid fell.”可知，苹果太高了，他们的人体金字塔倒了，因此没有够着苹果，C项“学生们仍然够不到苹果。”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据“‘Sounds good,’ the teacher said.”和“Among them, there will be at least one smart person who can think of a good idea, like getting a ladder!”可知，老师建议他需要尽可能多的朋友，B项“你需要尽可能多的朋友。”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东枣庄市薛城区·期末） Leo was a small and thin boy. Some boys in the village often made fun of him, which made him sad. One day, a wizard (巫师) saw Leo being made fun of. When the other boys left, the wizard went over to Leo. 1 “When a person wearing it acts bravely, he turns into a lion,” the wizard told Leo. 2 When the boys came, Leo felt the tail behind his body and remembered what the wizard had said. 3 He looked at them and said he would make them feel sorry for what they did. Hearing this, the boys looked at each other and finally ran off as quickly as possible. Leo was very happy. 4 But he was a bit disappointed that his new lion body lasted only a short time, so he couldn’t fight them. The wizard saw everything and told him that no one fights with lions because they know lions are very brave and strong. Leo understood everything. There had been no magic and no transformation. 5 Bravery is power. A．He must have turned into a lion just now. B．Leo was very scared. C．He gave Leo a magic lion’s tail. D．Those bad boys are afraid of facing a truly brave boy. E．Leo hung the lion’s tail behind his body. F．He made two fists (拳头) and became brave. G．The boys apologized to Leo for their mistakes. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了Leo经常被人欺负，一个巫师给了他一个狮子的尾巴，告诉他，戴上尾巴就能变成狮子，但这只能维持很短的时间，最终Leo明白了他并没有真正变成一头狮子，真正起作用的是他勇敢的心。 1．根据“When a person wearing it acts bravely, he turns into a lion”结合备选选项可知，空处应该在说巫师给了Leo什么东西，因此C项“他给了Leo一条神奇的狮子尾巴。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“When the boys came, Leo felt the tail behind his body and remembered what the wizard had said.”结合备选选项可知，此处在说男孩们来时Leo感受到了尾巴，因此空处应该是男孩们来之前Leo把尾巴放在了身上，因此E项“Leo把狮子的尾巴挂在身体后面。”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“Leo felt the tail behind his body and remembered what the wizard had said.”与“He looked at them and said he would make them feel sorry for what they did.”可知，空处应表示在记起巫师的话后，Leo做了什么，因此F项“他握紧了两个拳头，变得勇敢起来。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“But he was a bit disappointed that his new lion body lasted only a short time”可知，空处应该提到他变成了狮子或类似的内容，因此A项“他刚才一定变成一头狮子了。”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“There had been no magic and no transformation. … Bravery is power.”可知，Leo明白了一切。没有魔法，没有变身。最后又提到勇敢就是力量，因此空处应该是总结或点明与勇敢有关的主题，因此D项“那些坏男孩害怕面对一个真正勇敢的男孩。”符合语境。故选D。 主题03 人与自我--问题与解决 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东烟台龙口市·期末） Everyone has their own personality traits (性格特点), but you may think some are not good for your growth. Of course, you can make a change for the better if you want. Face up to your faults. 1 Think about it carefully and write down the traits, like the ones that always get you into trouble. You can also ask a friend or a family member for help. When you are talking with some people who know you well, ask them what they think your faults are. 2 They can sometimes see some of your faults that you don’t know. Find people who you want to learn from. There must be some people you look up to in real life. Maybe they are hosts, writers or scientists. 3 Knowing more about them can help you find out the personality traits that they have and that you would like to have. Put your ideas into practice. You can get started after you decide what you want to change. But if you try to change many personality traits at a time, you won’t be able to focus on any of them. 4 To have a good beginning, you can start with easier ones. It’s not easy to form a new habit. It can take months or years for your new personality traits to really feel like you. 5 Keep moving forward and don’t give up! A．Other people may help you see yourself clearly. B．Make sure they are the most outgoing ones in the world. C．Try reading stories or watching videos about these people. D．But if you practice them long enough, you’ll make it in the end. E．So, work on just one or two traits at first and leave the others for later. F．Which of your personality traits stop you from living the life you want? 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了改善自身性格特点的方法。 1．根据下一句“Think about it carefully and write down the traits, like the ones that always get you into trouble.”可知，是在建议仔细想想，写下这些特质，比如那些总是给你带来麻烦的特质。选项F“你的哪些性格特征阻碍了你过上想要的生活？”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 2．根据上一句“When you are talking with some people who know you well, ask them what they think your faults are.”可知，是在建议当你和一些熟悉你的人交谈时，问问他们认为你的缺点是什么。选项A“其他人可能会帮助你清楚地看到自己。”承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 3．根据前文“Find people who you want to learn from.”可知，是在建议发现你想向其学习的人。选项C“尝试阅读关于这些人的故事或观看相关视频。”符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“But if you try to change many personality traits at a time, you won’t be able to focus on any of them.”可知，如果你试图一次改变许多性格特征，你将无法专注于其中任何一个。选项E“所以，一开始只专注于一两个特点，把其他的留到以后。”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 5．根据前两句“It’s not easy to form a new habit. It can take months or years for your new personality traits to really feel like you.”可知，养成一个新习惯并不容易，可能需要几个月或几年的时间。选项D“但如果你练习足够长的时间，你最终会成功的。”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市莱芜区·期末） Teenagers are in a special stage of physical and mental (心理) development: Social nervousness is quite common among teenagers, but don’t be afraid. The things that make you nervous in social situations can become good points. 1 Thoughts are not facts. Teenagers with social anxiety (焦虑) usually think that bad things will surely come. 2 Just because you’re scared something bad will happen doesn’t mean it will. For example, a teen might be afraid of asking teachers simple questions, but teachers are glad to help. 3 We find that teens with social anxiety often pay too much attention to themselves. This can cause problems. Try to look at others instead. You can start by listening to what they say and joining in their activities. Discover your advantages. Teenagers with social anxiety have their own strong points. They may be very kind-hearted and can have great talks about the things they are interested in, though unaware (没意识到). For example, a quiet teen who loves painting can share ideas actively when talking about it. 4 Master self-encouragement. Teenagers with social anxiety often feel bad about themselves. When that happens, they should learn to encourage themselves. 5 It can also help you to feel better and more confident. By using these tips, teenagers can manage their social anxiety well and become more confident in social life. A．Change your attention to others. B．Teenagers always worry about their exams. C．But remember, thoughts are not always the truth. D．They have many after-school activities. E．The following tips may be of some help. F．Encouraging yourself in a kind way can help you face social events better. G．This shows that they have the ability to communicate well in their favorite field. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文讲述了聚焦青少年社交焦虑问题，为有社交焦虑的青少年提供实用的建议，帮助他们克服紧张情绪，增强自信，更好地适应社交生活。 1．根据“Social nervousness is quite common among teenagers, but don’t be afraid. The things that make you nervous in social situations can become good points.”以及后文列举的多个建议可知，此处是说以下建议可能会有帮助。选项E“以下建议可能会有所帮助。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据前文“Thoughts are not facts. Teenagers with social anxiety (焦虑) usually think that bad things will surely come.”以及后文“Just because you’re scared something bad will happen doesn’t mean it will.”可知，是说想法不总是事实。选项C“但要记住，想法并不总是事实。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据后文“We find that teens with social anxiety often pay too much attention to themselves. This can cause problems. Try to look at others instead.”可知，是说要把注意力转向他人。选项A“把你的注意力转向他人。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据前文“For example, a quiet teen who loves painting can share ideas actively when talking about it.”可知，这体现了在喜欢的领域有交流能力。选项G“这表明他们有能力在自己喜欢的领域进行良好的交流。”符合语境。故选G。 5．根据前文“Master self-encouragement. Teenagers with social anxiety often feel bad about themselves. When that happens, they should learn to encourage themselves.”以及后文“It can also help you to feel better and more confident.”可知，是说自我鼓励的好处。选项F“以一种友善的方式自我鼓励可以帮助你更好地面对社交活动。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市泰山区·期末） Adolescence (青春期) is important in everyone’s life. It includes a lot of big changes. 1 During this stage (阶段), teenagers start to grow more quickly. They can find that they are much taller than before. They also begin to notice other body changes, like the change of their voice. Appearance (外貌) is very important in life. 2 They usually spend much time looking in the mirror and dressing themselves. Teenagers have an increasing need for private space. They don’t want their parents to go into their rooms. 3 If their parents want to know some secrets about them by reading their diaries, they usually become very angry and even argue with their parents. 4 Since teenagers’ way of thinking changes, they hope to be treated as an adult and get respect (尊重) and trust. They want to make their own decisions on some things, such as deciding whether to go abroad or not. Some of them even want to get away from their family and experience a different life. Teenagers develop friendships. 5 They used to share everything with parents, but now they like to share everything with friends better. Friendship is very important to them. A．They become more independent than before. B．Teenagers at this time always put their friends first. C．When meeting something, they like keeping diaries. D．The most common change is the physical change. E．They care a lot about what clothes they wear and what hairstyles they have. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了青春期的重要变化，包括身体变化、外貌关注、隐私需求、独立性和友谊发展等方面。 【详解】93．根据“Adolescence (青春期) is important in everyone’s life. It includes a lot of big changes…During this stage (阶段), teenagers start to grow more quickly. They can find that they are much taller than before. They also begin to notice other body changes, like the change of their voice.”可知，此处描述的是最常见的身体变化，选项D“最常见的变化是身体上的变化。”符合语境。故选D。 1．根据“Appearance (外貌) is very important in life…They usually spend much time looking in the mirror and dressing themselves.”可知，青少年非常关注穿着和发型，选项E“他们非常关心自己穿什么衣服，有什么发型。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“They don’t want their parents to go into their rooms…If their parents want to know some secrets about them by reading their diaries, they usually become very angry and even argue with their parents.”可是，青少年喜欢用日记记录事情，选项C“遇到什么事情时，他们喜欢记日记。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Since teenagers’ way of thinking changes, they hope to be treated as an adult and get respect (尊重) and trust…”可知，他们变得更加独立，选项A“他们变得比以前更加独立。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Teenagers develop friendships…They used to share everything with parents, but now they like to share everything with friends better.”可知，青少年把朋友放在第一位，选项B“这个时候的青少年总是把朋友放在第一位。”符合语境。故选B。 主题04 人与社会--文化差异 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市钢城区·期末） There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant (令人愉快的) but are not. 1 When someone says they have to “face the music”, it does not mean they are going to a concert. “Facing the music” means to accept and deal with the punishment (惩罚) of an action. 2 For example, “I can’t face another night of camping! It’s cold and rainy.” Or “In life, you must face your fears.” Face used in this way is very common. But now, let’s go back to facing the music. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says, “Thanks so much for watching my car while I’m away. But please, do not drive it. It is an extremely (极其) fast car.” 3 You want to show off to some friends. So, you drive it around town one night. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. Bang! When your friend returns, you must tell her what you have done and “face the music”. 4 It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both. Whatever the music is, you must face it. 5 To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done. And if someone says, “You made your bed. Now lie in it,” they mean you created a bad situation and now you will experience the results! A．But you do not listen. B．“Face the music” is a good example. C．The “music” here is the result of your actions. D．Americans often use the word “face” in this way. E．Everyone likes to enjoy a concert in the evening. F．You are very afraid of losing the trust of your friend. G．There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as “face the music”. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文讲述了美式英语中有很多听起来令人愉快但实际上并不愉快的表达方式。 1．前文说美式英语里很多表达听起来令人愉快而实际不是，后文开始讲“face the music”这个表达，B选项 “‘Face the music’就是个很好的例子”起到承上启下的作用，引出要讲的表达，符合语境。故选B。 2．后文举例“I can’t face another night of camping...you must face your fears.”是关于“face”的用法，D选项“美国人常这样使用‘face’这个词”引出下文对“face”的用法举例，符合语境。故选D。 3．前文朋友说别开那辆车，后文说你想开去炫耀，A选项“但你没听”体现出转折，衔接前后文，符合语境。故选A。 4．前文说要“face the music”，后文说可能的结果，C选项“这里的‘music’是你行为的结果”解释了“face the music”中“music”的含义，符合逻辑。故选C。 5．后文开始讲“take your medicine”以及“You made your bed. Now lie in it.”这些和“face the music”意思类似的表达，G选项“还有其他美式表达和‘face the music’意思一样”起到引出下文的作用，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东威海乳山市·期末） New words keep coming into the English language all the time. Actually, English has always been changing. In recent years, more and more words and phrases have entered the language. This is partly because dictionary makers are willing to put them in dictionaries. 1 Words come from the culture they stand for and describe. So, if there’s a new development in medicine, we’ll get a new word from it. 2 For example, World War I and World War II were times when a lot of new words were made. People from different countries met and shared their words. 3 It surely has more words than other European languages and maybe more than any other language in the world. This is mainly because English is made up of many different parts. At first, it was a German-like language. After the Norman Conquest (诺曼征服), many French words came in. English comes from the UK. The UK was a big trading and colonial country in the past. 4 When it comes to finding and adding new words, dictionary makers usually type them into their computers and send them to the main computer. 5 They have to wait until there’s enough proof (证据) that the word is used a lot in the computer files before they put it in the dictionary. A．They have trouble with so many words. B．But where do these new words come from? C．All these have brought lots of new words into English. D．Does English have more words than other languages? E．They don’t add a word just because they see one use of it. F．If there’s a war, it may make all kinds of new words appear and be noticed by people. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨英语词汇持续更新的现象、新词来源、英语词汇量庞大的历史成因，以及词典编纂者收录新词的标准流程。 1．根据第二段首句“Words come from the culture they stand for and describe.”可知，此处提到了新词来源，选项B“但这些新词从何而来”符合语境，一问一答，形成逻辑闭环。故选B。 2．根据“For example, World War I and World War II were times when a lot of new words were made.”可知，此处提到了两次世界大战，选项F“如果有战争，这可能会催生各种新词汇，并引起人们的关注”符合语境，“war”为关键词复现。故选F。 3．根据“It surely has more words than other European languages and maybe more than any other language in the world.”可知，此处提到了英语词汇量比其他语言大，选项D“英语词汇量是否多于其他语言”符合语境，一问一答，形成逻辑闭环。故选D。 4．根据“At first, it was a German-like language. After the Norman Conquest (诺曼征服), many French words came in. English comes from the UK. The UK was a big trading and colonial country in the past.”可知，此处解释了英语词汇量庞大的历史成因，选项C“所有这些都为英语带来大量新词”符合语境，总结上文。故选C。 5．根据“They have to wait until there’s enough proof (证据) that the word is used a lot in the computer files before they put it in the dictionary.”可知，此处与收录新词有关，选项E“他们不会因一次使用就收录新词”符合语境，揭示词典编纂的严谨性。故选E。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $