暑假作业03 小词专项（名代形副介词）重点通关（巩固培优）高二英语通用版

**基本信息** 聚焦名/代/形/副/介词核心考点，以“知识点精讲+多题型分层训练”构建系统性突破体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心知识点精讲|5类小词|提炼可数/不可数名词辨析、-ed/-ing形容词区别等核心考查点|从定义到句法功能，构建“概念-考点-应用”逻辑链| |单项选择|10题|聚焦词义辨析与基础用法，夯实小词核心考点|覆盖五大词类基础考法，典例含高频易混词| |单句语法填空|12题|专攻词性转换及固定搭配，适配高考语法填空高频考点|从词形变化到语境运用，形成“规则-变式-应用”递进| |短文语法填空|2篇|综合考查小词在语篇中的精准运用|以语篇为载体，整合多词类考点，提升语境理解与表达能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业03 小词专项（名/代/形/副/介词）重点通关 一、核心知识点精讲 （一）名词 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词汇，是英语最基础的实词之一。在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等核心成分。核心考查点：可数与不可数名词辨析、名词单复数变形、名词词性转换、固定名词搭配。 （二）代词 代词用于替代名词、名词短语或整句话，避免语句重复，使表达简洁流畅。主要分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词五大类。核心考查点：主格与宾格用法区别、形容词性/名词性物主代词辨析、不定代词词义辨析、反身代词固定搭配。 （三）形容词 形容词专门修饰名词或代词，用于描述人或事物的性质、特征、状态、属性。在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。核心考查点：词性转换、-ed/-ing形容词用法区别、形容词比较级和最高级、形容词固定搭配。 （四）副词 副词主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，可表达时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、态度等含义，句中唯一功能为状语。核心考查点：形容词变副词规则、不规则副词变形、副词词义辨析、副词比较等级运用。 （五）介词 介词属于虚词，无法单独充当句子成分，必须后接名词、代词、动名词构成介词短语，可作状语、定语、表语、补语。核心考查点：时间/地点/方式介词辨析、固定介词短语搭配、介词后接动名词、介词语境运用。 一、单项选择 本板块聚焦名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词词义辨析及基础用法，夯实小词核心考点。 1．The little boy has a strong ________ of curiosity and loves exploring new things. A．sense B．feeling C．spirit D．thought 2．I have two best friends. One likes painting, ________ loves playing the piano. A．another B．other C．the other D．others 3．It is very ________ of you to offer your seat to the elderly on the bus. A．polite B．politely C．rude D．carelessly 4．She writes so ________ that her teachers always praise her handwriting. A．beautiful B．beautifully C．clear D．careful 5．We often chat with each other ________ breaks to relax ourselves. A．between B．among C．in D．at 6．There is no ________ in worrying about things we cannot change. A．need B．use C．point D．difference 7．— Which pen do you prefer? — I like ________ of them. They are both good. A．either B．neither C．all D．none 8．The movie is so ________ that many teenagers are deeply moved. A．touching B．touched C．excited D．exciting 9．He studies ________ harder than his classmates to make up for his shortcomings. A．very B．quite C．much D．so 10．Success depends ________ hard work and positive attitudes in daily life. A．on B．in C．at D．with 二、单句语法填空 本板块专攻名、代、形、副词性转换及介词固定搭配，适配高考语法填空高频考点。 1．Reading is a source of ________ (wise) and opens up a new world for us. 2．Everyone should protect ________ (they) in dangerous situations. 3．Keeping a balanced diet is ________ (benefit) to our physical health. 4．We should learn to communicate ________ (active) with people around us. 5．I am grateful ________ my parents for their endless love and support. 6．She speaks English ________ (fluent) and wins many speech competitions. 7．We have faith ________ our ability to overcome difficulties. 8．True ________ (happy) comes from hard work and sincere love. 9．We should learn to respect ________ (other) differences and get along well with others. 10．The little girl is very ________ (care) and she seldom makes mistakes in her homework. 11．You should think ________ (serious) before making important decisions. 12．Most students are familiar ________ this kind of learning method. 一、句型转换 灵活运用名词、形容词、副词、介词短语改写句子，优化句式表达。 1．He is a person of great honesty.（改为同义句） →He is an ________ man. 2．Tom runs more quickly than any other student in his class.（改为最高级） →Tom runs ________ ________ in his class. 3．I finished my homework because of my teacher’s guidance.（替换介词短语改写） →________ ________ ________ ________, I finished my homework. 4．This book is very valuable to middle school students.（同义句转换） →This book is of great ________ to middle school students. 5．He is a man of great courage.（改为同义句） →He is a ________ man. 6．She runs faster than all the other students in her class.（改为最高级） →She runs ________ ________ in her class. 二、完成句子 聚焦小词高频固定搭配，强化语境精准运用能力。 1．We should keep a ________ (平衡) between study and rest.（填名词） 2．It is ________ (high) recommended that we develop good reading habits.（词形转换） 3．Young people are thirsty ________ new knowledge and new skills.（填介词） 4．She is a ________ (talent) girl who is good at singing and dancing.（词形转换） 5．As students, we should hold a positive ________ (态度) towards study.（填名词） 6．It’s ________ (extreme) important to keep promises in daily life.（用所给词适当形式填空） 三、英汉互译 结合小词核心用法，提升书面表达精准度与规范性。 1．积极的心态能让我们在困境中保持坚定。（positive 形容词） 2．毫无疑问，坚持是成功的关键。（without doubt 介词短语） 3．我们应该独立思考，不要过度依赖他人。（independently 副词） 4．自信的心态能帮助我们克服生活中的困难。（confident 形容词） 5．总而言之，坚持和努力是成功的关键。（in short 介词短语） 短文语法填空 Passage 01 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Self-improvement is of great ________1 (important) to every student. In our daily life, we all have ________2 (we) own shortcomings. Some students are lazy and learn things ________3 (slow), while others are too careless to keep ________4 (they) focused on study. To become better, we need to form ________5 positive habit of self-reflection. It is ________6 (extreme) necessary for us to learn from mistakes. We should be strict ________7 ourselves and make clear plans. Truly, no one becomes excellent ________8 effort. Every small progress will finally lead to great changes. We must hold on and keep moving ________9 (brave) on our way to ________10 (succeed). Passage 02 Life is full of various ________1 (difficult). As ordinary people, we all have ________2 (we) own worries and troubles. Some people feel ________3 (total) discouraged when they meet failures, while others stay ________4 (cheer) and keep trying. In my opinion, a positive attitude is the most ________5 (value) quality. No matter what happens, we should believe ________6 ourselves. Every mistake is ________7 useful lesson. Only by learning from mistakes can we make progress step ________8 step. Truly, no one can succeed ________9 effort. Hard work always leads to ________10 (good) results than laziness. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业03 小词专项（名/代/形/副/介词）重点通关 一、核心知识点精讲 （一）名词 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词汇，是英语最基础的实词之一。在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等核心成分。核心考查点：可数与不可数名词辨析、名词单复数变形、名词词性转换、固定名词搭配。 （二）代词 代词用于替代名词、名词短语或整句话，避免语句重复，使表达简洁流畅。主要分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词五大类。核心考查点：主格与宾格用法区别、形容词性/名词性物主代词辨析、不定代词词义辨析、反身代词固定搭配。 （三）形容词 形容词专门修饰名词或代词，用于描述人或事物的性质、特征、状态、属性。在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。核心考查点：词性转换、-ed/-ing形容词用法区别、形容词比较级和最高级、形容词固定搭配。 （四）副词 副词主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，可表达时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、态度等含义，句中唯一功能为状语。核心考查点：形容词变副词规则、不规则副词变形、副词词义辨析、副词比较等级运用。 （五）介词 介词属于虚词，无法单独充当句子成分，必须后接名词、代词、动名词构成介词短语，可作状语、定语、表语、补语。核心考查点：时间/地点/方式介词辨析、固定介词短语搭配、介词后接动名词、介词语境运用。 一、单项选择 本板块聚焦名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词词义辨析及基础用法，夯实小词核心考点。 1．The little boy has a strong ________ of curiosity and loves exploring new things. A．sense B．feeling C．spirit D．thought 答案：A 解析：考查名词固定搭配。a sense of curiosity 为固定搭配，意为“好奇心”。feeling侧重情绪感受；spirit侧重精神、意志；thought侧重想法、思考，均不符合固定搭配。句意：这个小男孩好奇心很强，喜欢探索新事物。故选A。 2．I have two best friends. One likes painting, ________ loves playing the piano. A．another B．other C．the other D．others 答案：C 解析：考查不定代词辨析。one...the other... 特指两者中的“一个……另一个……”。another用于三者及以上泛指；other后必须接名词；others泛指其余的人/事物。句意：我有两个最好的朋友，一个喜欢画画，另一个喜欢弹钢琴。故选C。 3．It is very ________ of you to offer your seat to the elderly on the bus. A．polite B．politely C．rude D．carelessly 答案：A 解析：考查形容词作表语。本句为固定句型 It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.，空处需填形容词。polite礼貌的；politely为副词；rude粗鲁的；carelessly为副词。结合语境给老人让座是礼貌的行为，故选A。 4．She writes so ________ that her teachers always praise her handwriting. A．beautiful B．beautifully C．clear D．careful 答案：B 解析：考查副词用法。空处修饰动词writes，需使用副词。beautifully优美地；beautiful、clear、careful均为形容词，不能修饰动词。句意：她写字非常优美，老师总是夸赞她的字迹。选B。 5．We often chat with each other ________ breaks to relax ourselves. A．between B．among C．in D．at 答案：A 解析：考查介词辨析。between用于两者之间，between breaks 表示“课间休息时”；among用于三者及以上之间；in表示在内部；at用于具体时刻、小地点。句意：我们常在课间互相聊天放松自己。故选A。 6．There is no ________ in worrying about things we cannot change. A．need B．use C．point D．difference 答案：C 解析：考查名词固定句型。There is no point in doing sth. 为固定句型，意为“做某事毫无意义”。句意：为无法改变的事情担忧毫无意义。故选C。 7．— Which pen do you prefer? — I like ________ of them. They are both good. A．either B．neither C．all D．none 答案：A 解析：考查不定代词辨析。根据后句both可知范围为两者，either表示“两者任一”；neither表示“两者都不”；all/none用于三者及以上。句意：——你更喜欢哪支钢笔？——两支我都喜欢，都很不错。故选A。 8．The movie is so ________ that many teenagers are deeply moved. A．touching B．touched C．excited D．exciting 答案：A 解析：考查-ing/-ed形容词辨析。touching令人感动的（修饰事物）；touched感动的（修饰人）。本句主语为movie，需用-ing形容词。结合are deeply moved可知电影很感人。选A。 9．He studies ________ harder than his classmates to make up for his shortcomings. A．very B．quite C．much D．so 答案：C 解析：考查副词修饰比较级。much可用于修饰比较级，表程度“……得多”；very、quite、so只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。句意：他比同学们学习努力得多，以此弥补自己的不足。故选C。 10．Success depends ________ hard work and positive attitudes in daily life. A．on B．in C．at D．with 答案：A 解析：考查固定介词搭配。depend on 为固定短语，意为“依靠、取决于”。句意：成功取决于日常生活中的努力和积极的态度。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 本板块专攻名、代、形、副词性转换及介词固定搭配，适配高考语法填空高频考点。 1．Reading is a source of ________ (wise) and opens up a new world for us. 答案：wisdom 解析：考查名词转换。介词of后接名词作宾语，wise为形容词，名词形式wisdom（智慧），为不可数名词。句意：阅读是智慧的源泉，为我们打开新世界的大门。 2．Everyone should protect ________ (they) in dangerous situations. 答案：themselves 解析：考查反身代词。主语everyone与宾语指代同一主体，需用反身代词themselves（他们自己）。句意：每个人在危险情况下都要学会自我保护。 3．Keeping a balanced diet is ________ (benefit) to our physical health. 答案：beneficial 解析：考查形容词。固定搭配be beneficial to 意为“对……有益”，空处作表语，需将名词benefit变为形容词beneficial。句意：均衡饮食对我们的身体健康有益。 4．We should learn to communicate ________ (active) with people around us. 答案：actively 解析：考查副词转换。空处修饰动词communicate，需用副词形式，active的副词为actively（积极地）。句意：我们要学会主动与身边的人沟通。 5．I am grateful ________ my parents for their endless love and support. 答案：to 解析：考查固定介词搭配。be grateful to sb. 为固定搭配，意为“感激某人”。句意：我十分感激父母无尽的关爱与支持。 6．She speaks English ________ (fluent) and wins many speech competitions. 答案：fluently 解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词speaks，用副词fluently（流利地）。句意：她英语说得很流利，赢得了很多演讲比赛。 7．We have faith ________ our ability to overcome difficulties. 答案：in 解析：考查固定介词搭配。have faith in sb./sth. 意为“相信、信任”。句意：我们相信自己克服困难的能力。 8．True ________ (happy) comes from hard work and sincere love. 答案：happiness 解析：考查名词转换。空前为形容词True，修饰名词，空处作句子主语。happy为形容词，名词形式为happiness（幸福），不可数名词。句意：真正的幸福源于努力和真挚的爱。 9．We should learn to respect ________ (other) differences and get along well with others. 答案：others’ 解析：考查代词所有格。空后有名词differences，需用名词性物主代词所有格，表示“其他人的差异”，others指代其他人，所有格形式为others’。句意：我们要学会尊重他人的差异，与他人和睦相处。 10．The little girl is very ________ (care) and she seldom makes mistakes in her homework. 答案：careful 解析：考查形容词转换。空前有be动词is，空处作表语需用形容词。care动词/名词，形容词careful（细心的），结合后文seldom makes mistakes可知填褒义形容词。句意：这个小女孩很细心，作业很少出错。 11．You should think ________ (serious) before making important decisions. 答案：seriously 解析：考查副词转换。空处修饰动词think，需用副词。serious形容词，副词形式为seriously（认真地、严肃地）。句意：做重要决定前你应该认真思考。 12．Most students are familiar ________ this kind of learning method. 答案：with 解析：考查固定介词搭配。固定短语 be familiar with 表示“熟悉……”，为高频固定搭配。句意：大多数学生都熟悉这种学习方法。 一、句型转换 灵活运用名词、形容词、副词、介词短语改写句子，优化句式表达。 1．He is a person of great honesty.（改为同义句） →He is an ________ man. 答案：honest 解析：考查名词转形容词。a person of great honesty（诚实的人）可替换为形容词honest（诚实的）作定语修饰man，语义完全一致。 2．Tom runs more quickly than any other student in his class.（改为最高级） →Tom runs ________ ________ in his class. 答案：the most quickly 解析：考查副词最高级。quickly为多音节副词，比较级more quickly，最高级为the most quickly，对应句意“全班跑得最快”。 3．I finished my homework because of my teacher’s guidance.（替换介词短语改写） →________ ________ ________ ________, I finished my homework. 答案：With my teacher’s guidance 解析：考查介词短语替换。because of表原因，with one’s guidance 介词短语表“在某人的指导下”，语义贴合，句式更简洁。 4．This book is very valuable to middle school students.（同义句转换） →This book is of great ________ to middle school students. 答案：value 解析：考查形容词与名词转换。be valuable = be of great value，意为“有价值的”，为高频句式转换。 5．He is a man of great courage.（改为同义句） →He is a ________ man. 答案：courageous 解析：考查名词转形容词。原句a man of great courage（一个勇敢的人），可替换为形容词courageous（勇敢的）作定语修饰man，语义一致。 6．She runs faster than all the other students in her class.（改为最高级） →She runs ________ ________ in her class. 答案：the fastest 解析：考查副词最高级。副词fast修饰动词runs，比较级faster对应最高级fastest，副词最高级前通常加the。句意：她是班里跑得最快的学生。 二、完成句子 聚焦小词高频固定搭配，强化语境精准运用能力。 1．We should keep a ________ (平衡) between study and rest.（填名词） 答案：balance 解析：考查名词。固定搭配keep a balance between A and B 表示“在A和B之间保持平衡”。 2．It is ________ (high) recommended that we develop good reading habits.（词形转换） 答案：highly 解析：考查副词修饰动词。highly为抽象副词，修饰recommend（推荐），表示“高度推荐”。 3．Young people are thirsty ________ new knowledge and new skills.（填介词） 答案：for 解析：考查固定搭配。be thirsty for 意为“渴望、渴求”。 4．She is a ________ (talent) girl who is good at singing and dancing.（词形转换） 答案：talented 解析：考查形容词作定语。修饰名词girl需用形容词talented（有天赋的）。 5．As students, we should hold a positive ________ (态度) towards study.（填名词） 答案：attitude 解析：考查名词。空前a positive修饰单数名词，attitude表示“态度”，固定搭配hold a positive attitude towards... 对……持积极态度。 6．It’s ________ (extreme) important to keep promises in daily life.（用所给词适当形式填空） 答案：extremely 解析：考查副词修饰形容词。空处修饰形容词important，需用副词extremely（极其、非常）。 三、英汉互译 结合小词核心用法，提升书面表达精准度与规范性。 1．积极的心态能让我们在困境中保持坚定。（positive 形容词） 答案：A positive attitude can keep us firm in difficult situations. 解析：形容词positive修饰attitude（心态）；keep sb. + 形容词为固定结构，firm作宾补表“坚定的”；in difficult situations为介词短语作状语。 2．毫无疑问，坚持是成功的关键。（without doubt 介词短语） 答案：Without doubt, perseverance is the key to success. 解析：without doubt 固定介词短语，意为“毫无疑问”；the key to success 为名词固定搭配。 3．我们应该独立思考，不要过度依赖他人。（independently 副词） 答案：We should think independently and not rely too much on others. 解析：副词independently修饰动词think；rely on为固定搭配“依赖”，贴合句意。 4．自信的心态能帮助我们克服生活中的困难。（confident 形容词） 答案：A confident mind can help us overcome difficulties in life. 解析：形容词confident（自信的）作定语修饰mind；help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事；overcome difficulties 克服困难，贴合语境。 5．总而言之，坚持和努力是成功的关键。（in short 介词短语） 答案：In short, persistence and hard work are the keys to success. 解析：固定介词短语in short表示“总而言之”，作句首状语；the key to success 成功的关键，为名词固定搭配。 短文语法填空 Passage 01 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Self-improvement is of great ________1 (important) to every student. In our daily life, we all have ________2 (we) own shortcomings. Some students are lazy and learn things ________3 (slow), while others are too careless to keep ________4 (they) focused on study. To become better, we need to form ________5 positive habit of self-reflection. It is ________6 (extreme) necessary for us to learn from mistakes. We should be strict ________7 ourselves and make clear plans. Truly, no one becomes excellent ________8 effort. Every small progress will finally lead to great changes. We must hold on and keep moving ________9 (brave) on our way to ________10 (succeed). 答案解析： 1. importance 解析：考查名词。be of great + 名词 = be + 形容词，important的名词为importance，of great importance意为“非常重要的”。 2. our 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。空后有名词shortcomings，用our修饰，表示“我们的缺点”。 3.slowly 解析：考查副词。修饰动词learn，需用副词slowly（缓慢地）。 4. themselves 解析：考查反身代词。宾语与主语others指代一致，用反身代词themselves（他们自己）。 5. a 解析：考查冠词。habit为可数名词单数，positive以辅音音素开头，填a。 6. extremely 解析：考查副词。修饰形容词necessary，用副词extremely（极其、非常）。 7. with 解析：考查固定介词搭配。be strict with sb. 意为“对某人严格”。 8. without 解析：考查介词。结合句意“没有付出就不会变得优秀”，without表示“没有”。 9. bravely 解析：考查副词。修饰动词moving，用副词bravely（勇敢地）。 10. success 解析：考查名词。介词to后接名词作宾语，succeed动词，名词形式success（成功）。 Passage 02 Life is full of various ________1 (difficult). As ordinary people, we all have ________2 (we) own worries and troubles. Some people feel ________3 (total) discouraged when they meet failures, while others stay ________4 (cheer) and keep trying. In my opinion, a positive attitude is the most ________5 (value) quality. No matter what happens, we should believe ________6 ourselves. Every mistake is ________7 useful lesson. Only by learning from mistakes can we make progress step ________8 step. Truly, no one can succeed ________9 effort. Hard work always leads to ________10 (good) results than laziness. 答案解析 1. difficulties 解析：考查名词复数。various（各种各样的）后接可数名词复数，difficult形容词，名词形式difficulty，复数为difficulties。 2. our 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。空后有名词worries，需用形容词性物主代词our修饰，表示“我们的烦恼”。 3. totally 解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词discouraged，用副词totally（完全地）。 4. cheerful 解析：考查形容词。stay为系动词，后接形容词作表语，cheer的形容词形式cheerful（开朗的、积极的）。 5. valuable 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词quality，用形容词valuable（宝贵的、有价值的）。 6. in 解析：考查固定介词搭配。believe in oneself 为固定短语，意为“相信自己”。 7. a 解析：考查冠词。lesson为可数名词单数，useful以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 8. by 解析：考查固定介词短语。step by step 为固定搭配，意为“一步步地、循序渐进地”。 9. without 解析：考查介词。结合句意“没有人可以不努力就成功”，without表示“没有”，符合语境。 10. better 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后文than可知，此处用good的比较级better，表对比。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $