Unit 6 Living with nature Understanding—Grammar（教学课件） 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦宾语从句（what, when, where, why, how引导），通过“Watch and listen”环节感知目标语言，结合例句分析结构，分引导词、语序、时态系统讲解，搭配即时练习，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于将语法学习与“遵循自然规律生活”主题融合，以禁渔期、冬季冻水果等实例创设真实语境，通过改写句子、补全短文、口语对话等任务提升语言能力，培养文化意识与思维品质，学生能在应用中掌握语法，教师可高效开展教学。

Unit 6 Living with nature (Understanding ideas—Grammar) 通过本节课的学习，同学们将能: 重点：1. 掌握宾语从句的结构和用法，特别是由 what, when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。 2. 学会用目标语言描述和讨论人们如何遵循自然规律而生活。 3. 运用宾语从句和相关表达，完成句子写作和口语交流。 难点：1. 在真实语境中准确、流畅地使用宾语从句。 2. 用恰当的词汇和句式描述自然规律对生活的指 导作用。 学习目标 Watch and listen (a) I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. (b) They help people understand why nature works this way. Language practice 观察以上句子，什么句式？ 宾语从句 主句 宾语从句 引导词 (a) I didn’t know how popular the paintings would become. (b) They help people understand why nature works this way. 主句 宾语从句 引导词 (c) The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. 主句 引导词 引导词 宾语从句 宾语从句 Language focus 宾语从句（二） 概念：用在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。 句子结构： 三大要点： 注意：宾语从句可转化成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构 引导词 语序 时态 主句 +宾语从句 +引导词 1.引导词 词类 功能 词汇 含义 连接 代词 除在句中起连接作用外，还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 who 谁（主格） whom 谁（宾格） whose 谁的 what 什么 which 哪个 ① Do you know who is talking with your mother? 你知道谁在和你妈妈说话吗？ ② Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now? 你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗？ ③ She asked whose computer that was. 她问那是谁的电脑。 (who在宾语从句中作主语) (whom在宾语从句中作宾语) (whose在宾语从句中作定语) 词类 功能 词汇 含义 连接 副词 除在句中起连接作用外，还可在宾语从句中作状语。 when 什么时候 where 在哪里 how 怎样，如何 why 为什么 ① Do you know when we will have a party? 你知道我们什么时候将举行一个派对吗？ （when在宾语从句中作状语） ② Please tell me where the hospital is . 请告诉我医院在哪里。 （where在宾语从句中作状语） 【即时练 1】 1. He said ________ his mother was ill.    A. that       B. where     C. if       D. what 2. —Could you tell me ________ she will leave Paris? —She will take the plane. A. that B. how C. who D. which 3. He asked me ________ I could help him. A. that B. where C. why D. whether 4. —Do you know ________ Mary will arrive here? —Yes, she will arrive here at 4:00. A. how B. where C. when D. if 2.语序 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要用陈述语序。因此当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，一定要注意语序。 e.g: “Where did he go last month?” she asked. 当疑问代词what/who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身即是陈述语序，所以转变成宾语从句后无需再调整语序。 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句结构： did + 主语+动原+其他？ 引导词 陈述句结构：主语+动词+其他. → She asked where he went last month. e.g:“ Who watered the flowers?” the teacher wondered. → The teacher wondered who watered the flowers. 【即时练 2】 1. Her mother didn't tell her ________. A. where is the schoolbag B. where the schoolbag is C. where was the schoolbag D. where the schoolbag was 2. Betty, can you tell me ________ this morning?  A. where you were late for class B. how were you late for class C. why you were late for class D. what you were late for class 3.—Do you know _______ ? — Some chicken, Mapo tofu and rice. A. when do they have for lunch B. why did they have for lunch C. where they have lunch D. what they had for lunch 3.时态 口诀一：主“现”从不“限” 口诀二：主“过”从必“过” 口诀三：“真理”永“一现” ① They help people understand why nature works this way. ② Mrs.Chen asks the man what happened just now. 主句： 一般现在时 宾语从句： 一般现在时 主句： 一般现在时 宾语从句： 一般过去时 主句： 一般现在时 宾语从句： 一般将来时 1).主句是_____________，宾语从句可以是______________。 一般现在时态 任何适当时态 口诀一：主“现”从不“限” 3.时态 ③The old man says that he will be fine . ① I didn’t know how popular the paintings would become. ② The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. 主句： 一般过去时 宾语从句： 一般过去时 主句： 一般过去时 宾语从句： 一般过去时 宾语从句： 一般过去时 2).主句是_____________，宾语从句可以是______________。 一般过去时态 口诀二：主“过”从必“过” 相应的过去时态 ① The teacher said (that) a good beginning is half done. ② The boy asks if/whether the earth travels around the sun . 主句： 一般过去时 宾语从句： 一般现在时 主句： 一般现在时 宾语从句： 一般现在时 3).主句是____________________________________，无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句必须使用______________。 客观真理、自然现象或是格言、谚语等 口诀三：“真理”永“一现” 一般现在时态 宾语从句可转化成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构 在含有疑问词引导的宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语或宾语一致，则宾语从句可以转化为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。 e.g:The villagers don't know what they should do next. →The villagers don't know what to do next . 主句的主语 一致 从句的主语 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构 4.注意 【即时练 3】 1. Tom wants to know when the next spaceship launch is. His teacher said that it ________ in two months. A. will happen B. happens C. would happen D. happened 2. John promised that he ________ my computer, but he broke his word. A. will fix B. had fixed C. has fixed D. would fix 3.The scientist asks what the weather ________ like next week. His colleague answers that it ________ be rainy. A. will be; will B. is; will C. will be; is D. is; is Learn new words 1.energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 2.beekeeping /ˈbiːˌkiːpɪŋ/ n.养蜂业 Write the sentences with object clauses. 6 1 I am / curious about/ Chinese people / celebrate / Rain Water __________________________________________________ 2 Do you / know / people / eat dumplings /in Start of Winter ___________________________________________________ 3 Have you / decided / you want / to do / in Major Snow ___________________________________________________ 4 I am / not sure/ we are/ going / tomorrow / for Minor Heat ____________________________________________________ 5 He has / told me / we / shall meet / in End of Heat ____________________________________________________  I am curious about whether/how/when Chinese people celebrate Rain Water. Do you know if /whether/why/that people eat dumplings in Start of Winter? Have you decided what you want to do in Major Snow? I am not sure where we are going tomorrow for Minor Heat? He has told me that/ when/where we shall meet in End of Heat. The Maori in New Zealand had many terms to describe the sea. They carefully checked 1_______ the water looked and used different words like “energetic” or “dangerous”. Many people have wondered 2______ they did this. Well, think about 3________ they lived—many small islands were around them. They often travelled by sea. It was important for them to know 4________ would happen on the sea and 5________ it was safe to go to the sea. By understanding the laws of nature, people can live in nature more safely. The Maori's words for the sea are only one of many examples. Complete the passage using the words from the box. 7 what when where why how how why where what when 1. What was important for the Maori to know? 2. What can you learn from the passage? Further thinking It was important for them to know what would happen on the sea and when it was safe to go to the sea. The lives of the Maori are closely connected with nature. They live by the laws of nature. By understanding these laws, they can live more safely and in harmony with nature. Work in pairs. Talk about how people live by the laws of nature. A: … Do you know why this rule was made? B: No, I don’t. Why? A: According to... This is the law of nature. People should live by it to ... B: I see. Now I understand… A: Yes, it helps... For example A: From May to September, no fishing is allowed in the sea. Do you know why this rule was made? B: No, I don’t. Why? A: According to studies, these months are the time for fish to have baby fish. This is the law of nature. People should live by it to protect the fish. B: I see. Now I understand how we can keep enough fish for people. A: Yes, it helps keep the ecosystem in balance. The laws of nature are the natural rules that tell us how nature works. They guide all living things and the environment to stay in balance. According to the laws of nature, this is the time when fish lay eggs and young fish grow. Fishermen stop fishing during these months to let fish reproduce. It's common for fishermen in many places to follow this rule. Winter is cold, and low temperatures can keep food fresh. People use the cold weather to freeze fruit, so it can be stored for a long time. This is a traditional way to use nature's rules for food storage. Bees collect nectar from flowers to make honey and help with pollination. People keep bees in hives and take care of them, working with nature instead of against it. The fishing ban means there will be more fish in the future, so fishermen can make a living for a long time. Frozen fruit lets people enjoy fresh food all year round. Keeping bees helps beekeepers make money from honey. It also helps plants grow better, which is good for nature and farming. By understanding the laws of nature, people can live in nature more safely. 通过了解自然规律，人们可以更安全地生活在大自然中。 “by +动名词短语” 作方式状语，表示“通过······方式”。 例：By learning from mistakes, we can grow. 通过从错误中学习，我们可以成长。 【对点练习】 By ___________(listen) to the weather report, we can avoid danger. listening Language points 当堂检测 一、用适当的连接词填空 1. I don’t know ____________________________ he will come back. 2. Tell me ________ you want to eat. 3. Do you know __________________ she was angry? 4. I want to know ____________ we shall meet. 5. Can you show me _______ I can use this tool? if/whether/that/when/how/why what why/if/whether/that when/where how 二、单项选择 1. Do you know ______ the new film will begin? A. what B. when C. where D. who 2. Could you tell me ______ the nearest post office is? A. where B. what C. when D. how 3. I don't know ______ he will come to the party or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 4. He asked me ______ I had been to the Great Wall. A. if B. that C. what D. where 5. The teacher told us ______ the earth goes around the sun. A. if B. whether C. that D. what   THANKS Lavf59.27.100 $