专题04 定语从句（期末复习讲义）高一英语下学期人教版

专题04 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握定语从句的基本概念（先行词、关系词），能准确识别句子成分。 2. 掌握关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的用法与辨析。 3. 掌握定语从句的核心规则，包括 that 与 which 的用法区别、只能用 that 的情况、介词 + 关系代词的用法。 4. 理解并运用限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，以及 as 引导的特殊定语从句。 5. 掌握定语从句在写作、完形、语法填空、句型转换中的综合运用。 复习难点： 1. 区分关系代词与关系副词的用法，能根据先行词和从句成分正确选择。 2. 掌握 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，介词的选择方法（先行词搭配 / 从句动词搭配 / 固定搭配）。 3. 理解非限制性定语从句的用法，尤其是 which 指代整个主句的情况。 4. 区分 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的差异，以及 as 引导的固定句型。 5. 解决先行词为 way、time、reason 等特殊名词时，关系词的省略与用法。 考情规律 词汇运用 / 语法填空：侧重关系词在具体语境中的选择，介词 + 关系代词的搭配，以及 that/which/who 等高频考点辨析。 翻译：常涉及定语从句与简单句的转换，以及非限制性定语从句的汉译英。 完形 / 写作：侧重定语从句在语篇中的灵活运用，尤其是用于丰富句子结构、提升表达层次的用法。 知识点1 定语从句的基础概念 1.定义： 在复合句中，用来修饰名词、代词，或整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句。本质相当于汉语中“……的”，用来限定、修饰前面的内容，让句子表意更具体。 2.核心结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 ①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，位置永远在定语从句之前。可以是人、物、时间、地点、原因、整个句子。 ②=关系词：引导定语从句的连接词，分为关系代词、关系副词两大类。 ③=定语从句：紧跟关系词之后，用来修饰先行词的完整从句。 The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. （先行词：the book；关系词：that；定语从句：that I bought yesterday） 3.关系词的双重作用： ①连接作用：连接主句和定语从句，让两个句子合并为一个复合句； ②成分作用：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语，从句成分由关系词补齐。 4.分类 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句 知识点2 关系代词的用法与辨析 关系代词包括：who/whom/which/that/whose，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who is standing there is my classmate.（作主语） The teacher who we met yesterday is very kind.（作宾语） whom 人 宾语（可被 who/that 替代，介词后只能用 whom） The boy whom you talked to just now is my brother. The person to whom you wrote the letter has moved.（介词后用 whom） which 物 / 事 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 The film which we saw last week is moving.（作宾语）The house which was built last year is our new classroom.（作主语） that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语（不可引导非限制性定语从句） This is the best book that I have ever read.（作宾语）The man that helped me is a doctor.（作主语） whose 人 / 物（表示所属关系） 定语（后接名词） The girl whose father is a doctor is my deskmate. The house whose windows face south is very bright. 高频考点1：关系代词 that / which / who / whom 完整用法辨析（扩充版） 一、只能用 that 引导定语从句的7种情况（必考） 1. 先行词为不定代词 常见代词：all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, much, little, few, one, no one 等。 All that you said is true. 你所说的一切都是真的。 There is nothing that can stop me. 没有什么能阻止我。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能帮你做点什么吗？ 2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 结构：the + 最高级 + 名词 + that… This is the most beautiful park that I have ever seen.这是我见过最美的公园。 That is the best film that I have watched recently.那是我最近看过最好的电影。 3. 先行词被序数词修饰 结构：the + 序数词(first/second/last…) + 名词 + that… This is the first novel that I have read. 这是我读的第一本小说。 The last person that arrived was Tom. 最后到的人是汤姆。 4. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰 He is the only student that passed the difficult exam. 他是唯一一个通过这场难题考试的学生。 This is the very pen that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天弄丢的那支笔。 5. 先行词同时包含人 + 物 先行词既有指人的名词，又有指物的名词，统一用that。 We talked about the people and the places that we had visited. 我们聊了我们去过的人和地方。 I can remember the persons and stories that you told me. 我还记得你讲的那些人和故事。 6. 主句以 Who / Which 开头的特殊疑问句 为避免句子重复、句式混乱，从句只用that。 Which is the book that you bought last week? 哪一本是你上周买的书？ Who is the girl that is singing on the stage? 在台上唱歌的那个女孩是谁？ 7. 先行词为 who, which 本身（代词作先行词） Who that breaks the rule will be punished. 任何违规的人都会受处罚。 二、只能用 which 引导定语从句的4种情况（重难点） 1. 引导非限制性定语从句（逗号分隔主句与从句） 非限制性定语从句绝对不能用that，指物/指代整句话一律用which。 The house, which we bought last year, is now being repaired. 我们去年买的那栋房子现在正在修缮。 He forgot the key, which made him late again. 他忘了带钥匙，这件事让他又迟到了。（which指代前面整句话） 2. 关系词前有介词（介词 + 关系代词） 介词后面指物，只能用which，禁止用that。 This is the room in which I lived last year. 这就是我去年住过的房间。（in + which） The chair on which he sat just now is broken. 他刚才坐的那把椅子坏了。 3. 先行词为 that / those（指物） 为避免词汇重复，从句用which。 What is that which is lying on the ground? 地上那个东西是什么？ 4. 引导并列的多个定语从句 若一个主句后接两个及以上定语从句，第一个可用that，后面重复出现的定语从句只用which。 I have a bike that looks new and which was given by my uncle. 我有一辆看起来很新、是我叔叔送的自行车。 三、只能用 who 引导定语从句的4种情况 who 专门指代人，以下场景优先/必须用who，不用that。 1. 先行词为 one, ones, anyone, someone, everyone, nobody 等指人的不定代词 Anyone who breaks the rules will be fined. 任何违规者都会被罚款。 There is nobody who can help him now. 现在没人能帮他了。 2. 先行词为 he, she, they, those（特指人，常用书面/正式语境） He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后才笑得最好。（谚语） Those who work hard will succeed. 努力的人终会成功。 3. 先行词和定语从句被较长状语隔开（分隔式定语从句） 主句主语（人）与从句距离远，为明确指代，多用who。 A girl stood by the window who wanted to see you. 窗边站着一位想见你的女孩。 4. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人 指人的非限制性定语从句，常用who（不用that）。 My mother, who is a doctor, works very hard. 我妈妈是一名医生，她工作很努力。 四、只能用 whom 引导定语从句的情况（介词后必考） whom 指代人，在从句中只作宾语。 1. 口语/限制性从句中，whom 常可替换为 who / that，也可省略； 2. 介词放在关系词前面时，必须用 whom，绝对不能用 who / that（期末高频易错点）。 基础例句（从句内部，可替换）： The boy whom/who/that you met yesterday is my cousin.你昨天见到的那个男孩是我表弟。 介词前置（只能用whom）： The person to whom you spoke just now is our head teacher.你刚才说话的那个人是我们的班主任。 The girl with whom I went shopping is my deskmate.和我一起购物的女孩是我的同桌。 五、补充易混对比 （一）通用禁忌（必记） 1. that 绝对不能使用的场景 不能引导非限制性定语从句； 不能直接放在介词后面。 2. which 不能指代人，who/whom 不能指代物。 （二）易混对比：that vs. who（先行词都指人） 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only 等修饰 → 用 that He is the only man that I trust. 他是我唯一信任的人。 先行词为 anyone/those/he 等 → 多用 who Those who are late must stand outside. 迟到的人必须站在外面。 （三）拓展：whose 补充（搭配延伸） whose 表所属，可指人/指物，不受以上规则限制，可用于限制性、非限制性从句。 1. The student whose bag is red is my friend.（指人） 2. The tree whose leaves turn yellow is very old.（指物） 知识点3 关系副词的用法与辨析 关系副词包括：when/where/why， 在从句中作状语（分别作时间、地点、原因状语），可转换为 “介词 + which” 结构。 关系副词 先行词 在从句中作用 等价结构 例句 when 表示时间的名词（time, day, year, month 等） 时间状语 on/in/at which I still remember the day when we met for the first time.= I still remember the day on which we met for the first time. where 表示地点的名词（place, room, city, school 等） 地点状语 in/at/on which This is the school where I studied three years ago.= This is the school in which I studied three years ago. why 表示原因的名词（reason） 原因状语 for which I don’t know the reason why he was late.= I don’t know the reason for which he was late. 判断用关系代词还是关系副词，关键看先行词在从句中所作的成分： 若先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 → 用关系代词； 若先行词在从句中作状语 → 用关系副词。 This is the factory where my father works.（先行词 factory 在从句中作地点状语，用 where） This is the factory which/that my father built last year.（先行词 factory 在从句中作宾语，用 which/that） 四、介词 + 关系代词的用法 1. 基本结构：介词 + which/whom（不可用 that/who） 介词的选择依据： 依据先行词的搭配： I remember the day on which we first met.（先行词 day，搭配介词 on） 2. 依据定语从句中动词 / 形容词的搭配： This is the person to whom you should write.（从句动词 write 搭配介词 to） 3. 依据固定搭配： The house in front of which there is a garden is mine.（固定搭配 in front of） 4. 特殊情况：of which/whom 表示所属关系，可与 whose 转换： The house whose roof is broken is old. = The house the roof of which is broken is old. = The house of which the roof is broken is old. 5. 表示部分与整体的关系（常与数词 / 代词连用）： There are 50 students in our class, 30 of whom are girls. 知识点4 限制性与非限制性定语从句 项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 标点 无逗号隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 作用 修饰限定先行词，去掉后主句意思不完整 补充说明先行词 / 整个主句，去掉后主句意思完整 关系词 可用 that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why 不可用 that/why；可用 which/who/whom/whose/when/where/as 例句 The book that you bought is very useful.（去掉从句，句子变成 “The book is very useful.”，表意不明） The book, which you bought yesterday, is very useful.（去掉从句，句子 “The book is very useful.” 表意完整） which 可指代前面整个主句的内容，意为 “这一点，这件事”，不可用 that 替换。 He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. She didn’t come to school, which was strange. 知识点5 as 引导的定语从句 as 引导限制性定语从句： 1. 先行词被 such, the same 修饰时，用 as 引导： This is the same book as I lost yesterday.（同类不同物） Such people as you describe are rare now. 2. 对比：the same...as（同类不同物） vs the same...that（同一物） This is the same book that I lost yesterday.（同一本书） as 引导非限制性定语从句： 1. 位置灵活，可放在句首、句中、句末，意为 “正如，正像”，常见固定句型： as we all know /as is known to all（众所周知） as is reported（据报道） as we expected（正如我们预料的） As we all know, the earth goes around the sun. 2. 对比：as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别： as which 可放在句首、句中、句末 只能放在句末 常表示 “正如，正像”，与主句内容一致 常表示 “这一点，这件事”，可表示与主句内容相反的结果 例：He won the game, as we expected.（正如我们预料的） 例：He lost the game, which made us surprised.（这件事让我们惊讶） 知识点6 特殊先行词的定语从句 1. 先行词为 way： 关系词可用 that/in which / 省略，意为 “…… 的方式”： I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your parents. 2. 先行词为 time： 表示 “次数” 时，用 that 引导，that 可省略： This is the first time (that) I have been to Beijing. 表示 “时间” 时，用 when/at which/that 引导： I still remember the time when we lived together. 3. 先行词为 reason： 关系词可用 why/that/for which，that/why 可省略： The reason (why/that) he was late is that he missed the bus. 先行词为 one of /the only one of + 复数名词： one of + 复数名词，关系词后的谓语动词用复数： He is one of the students who are good at English. the only one of + 复数名词，关系词后的谓语动词用单数： He is the only one of the students who is good at English. 知识点7 定语从句的解题步骤 1. 找先行词：确定被修饰的名词 / 代词 / 句子； 2. 看从句成分：判断先行词在从句中作什么成分； 3. 选关系词： 若作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 → 关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）； 若作状语 → 关系副词（when/where/why）或介词 + which/whom； 4. 检查特殊规则：that/which 的用法、非限制性定语从句、as 引导的情况等。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2025 江苏南京师大附中高一期末】We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers. 2.【2025 湖南长沙长郡中学高一月考】This is the very museum ______ we visited last Sunday. 3.【2025 山东济南外国语学校期中】Anyone ______ breaks the rules will be punished strictly. 4.【2025 河北衡水中学同步练习】I can remember the days ______ we spent together in the countryside. 5.【2025 河北衡水中学同步练习】I can remember the days ______ we worked together in the countryside. 6.【2024 全国新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编】The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. 7.【2025 广东深圳中学高一期末】Those ______ want to attend the lecture must sign up before Friday. 8.【2025 四川成都七中月考】This is all ______ I can do for you at the moment. 9.【2025 湖北华师一附中期中】The house ______ roof was damaged in the storm has now been repaired. 10.【2025 浙江学考改编】Do you know the reason ______ he refused to accept the invitation? 11.【2025 浙江学考改编】Do you know the reason ______ he explained to the manager just now? 12.【2025 河南郑州一中高一期末】The first novel ______ I read during the holiday was written by Mo Yan. 13.【2025 陕西西安铁一中月考】There is nothing ______ can stop him from realizing his dream. 14.【2025 辽宁东北育才中学期中】The girl with ______ you talked just now is a famous pianist. 15.【2025 安徽合肥一中同步训练】The village ______ we visited last week lies at the foot of a mountain. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.【2024 全国卷 Ⅰ 改编】Gun control is a subject ______ which Americans have argued for a long time. 2.【2025 重庆南开中学高一期末】The house ______ which we stayed last summer is a holiday hotel. 3.【2025 福建厦门双十中学月考】I will never forget the day ______ on which I joined the League. 4.【2025 天津耀华中学期中】She has two daughters, both of ______ are doctors in a big hospital. 5.【2025 上海格致中学同步练习】He has a new car, the price of ______ is more than 200,000 yuan. 6.【2024 北京高考改编】______ is often the case, he comes late for school again. 7.【2025 吉林东北师大附中期末】He failed the exam again, ______ made his parents very disappointed. 8.【2025 云南昆明一中月考】The teacher set so difficult a problem ______ none of us worked it out. 9.【2024 江苏高考改编】The days are gone ______ people lived a hard life.（分隔定语从句） 10.【2025 广西南宁三中期中】I have many friends, some of ______ are businessmen. 11.【2025 贵州贵阳一中同步训练】The pen ______ which I write was bought three years ago. 12.【2025 海南海口一中期末】We walked around the town, ______ was full of colorful flowers. 13.【2024 广东模考改编】This is the same tool ______ I used yesterday.（同类不同物） 14.【2024 广东模考改编】This is the same tool ______ I used yesterday.（同一事物） 15.【2025 甘肃兰州一中月考】The man ______ whom you borrowed the book is my elder brother. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2025 全国新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编】The movie, ______ director is a young man, has won several international awards. 2.【2024 山东高考改编】We won three games in a row, ______ no one had expected. 3.【2025 湖南雅礼中学压轴题】The museum ______ we paid a visit last month was built 100 years ago. 4.【2025 江苏苏州中学模考】The person ______ you think is honest actually cheated in the exam. 5.【2025 江西临川一中期末】She showed me a new dictionary ______ cover is bright red. 6.【2023 全国乙卷真题改编】______ we all know, failure is the mother of success. 7.【2022 全国甲卷真题改编】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of ______ are sold abroad. 8.【2024 天津高考改编】I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents. 9.【2025 湖北黄冈中学易错题】Is this factory ______ you visited last year?（经典陷阱题） 10.【2025 湖北黄冈中学易错题】Is this the factory ______ you visited last year? 11.【2025 内蒙古呼市二中月考】The moment ______ you wait for will finally come. 12.【2024 四川模考改编】He is such a clever boy ______ everyone admires. 13.【2025 青海西宁一中期末】The artist ______ works are on show at the gallery is well-known nationwide. 14.【2025 新疆乌鲁木齐一中同步训练】I still remember the scene ______ we met for the first time. 15.【2023 浙江高考改编】There are many reasons ______ people like to travel on holidays. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握定语从句的基本概念（先行词、关系词），能准确识别句子成分。 2. 掌握关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的用法与辨析。 3. 掌握定语从句的核心规则，包括 that 与 which 的用法区别、只能用 that 的情况、介词 + 关系代词的用法。 4. 理解并运用限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，以及 as 引导的特殊定语从句。 5. 掌握定语从句在写作、完形、语法填空、句型转换中的综合运用。 复习难点： 1. 区分关系代词与关系副词的用法，能根据先行词和从句成分正确选择。 2. 掌握 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，介词的选择方法（先行词搭配 / 从句动词搭配 / 固定搭配）。 3. 理解非限制性定语从句的用法，尤其是 which 指代整个主句的情况。 4. 区分 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的差异，以及 as 引导的固定句型。 5. 解决先行词为 way、time、reason 等特殊名词时，关系词的省略与用法。 考情规律 词汇运用 / 语法填空：侧重关系词在具体语境中的选择，介词 + 关系代词的搭配，以及 that/which/who 等高频考点辨析。 翻译：常涉及定语从句与简单句的转换，以及非限制性定语从句的汉译英。 完形 / 写作：侧重定语从句在语篇中的灵活运用，尤其是用于丰富句子结构、提升表达层次的用法。 知识点1 定语从句的基础概念 1.定义： 在复合句中，用来修饰名词、代词，或整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句。本质相当于汉语中“……的”，用来限定、修饰前面的内容，让句子表意更具体。 2.核心结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 ①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，位置永远在定语从句之前。可以是人、物、时间、地点、原因、整个句子。 ②=关系词：引导定语从句的连接词，分为关系代词、关系副词两大类。 ③=定语从句：紧跟关系词之后，用来修饰先行词的完整从句。 The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. （先行词：the book；关系词：that；定语从句：that I bought yesterday） 3.关系词的双重作用： ①连接作用：连接主句和定语从句，让两个句子合并为一个复合句； ②成分作用：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语，从句成分由关系词补齐。 4.分类 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句 知识点2 关系代词的用法与辨析 关系代词包括：who/whom/which/that/whose，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who is standing there is my classmate.（作主语） The teacher who we met yesterday is very kind.（作宾语） whom 人 宾语（可被 who/that 替代，介词后只能用 whom） The boy whom you talked to just now is my brother. The person to whom you wrote the letter has moved.（介词后用 whom） which 物 / 事 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 The film which we saw last week is moving.（作宾语）The house which was built last year is our new classroom.（作主语） that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语（不可引导非限制性定语从句） This is the best book that I have ever read.（作宾语）The man that helped me is a doctor.（作主语） whose 人 / 物（表示所属关系） 定语（后接名词） The girl whose father is a doctor is my deskmate. The house whose windows face south is very bright. 高频考点1：关系代词 that / which / who / whom 完整用法辨析（扩充版） 一、只能用 that 引导定语从句的7种情况（必考） 1. 先行词为不定代词 常见代词：all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, much, little, few, one, no one 等。 All that you said is true. 你所说的一切都是真的。 There is nothing that can stop me. 没有什么能阻止我。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能帮你做点什么吗？ 2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 结构：the + 最高级 + 名词 + that… This is the most beautiful park that I have ever seen.这是我见过最美的公园。 That is the best film that I have watched recently.那是我最近看过最好的电影。 3. 先行词被序数词修饰 结构：the + 序数词(first/second/last…) + 名词 + that… This is the first novel that I have read. 这是我读的第一本小说。 The last person that arrived was Tom. 最后到的人是汤姆。 4. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰 He is the only student that passed the difficult exam. 他是唯一一个通过这场难题考试的学生。 This is the very pen that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天弄丢的那支笔。 5. 先行词同时包含人 + 物 先行词既有指人的名词，又有指物的名词，统一用that。 We talked about the people and the places that we had visited. 我们聊了我们去过的人和地方。 I can remember the persons and stories that you told me. 我还记得你讲的那些人和故事。 6. 主句以 Who / Which 开头的特殊疑问句 为避免句子重复、句式混乱，从句只用that。 Which is the book that you bought last week? 哪一本是你上周买的书？ Who is the girl that is singing on the stage? 在台上唱歌的那个女孩是谁？ 7. 先行词为 who, which 本身（代词作先行词） Who that breaks the rule will be punished. 任何违规的人都会受处罚。 二、只能用 which 引导定语从句的4种情况（重难点） 1. 引导非限制性定语从句（逗号分隔主句与从句） 非限制性定语从句绝对不能用that，指物/指代整句话一律用which。 The house, which we bought last year, is now being repaired. 我们去年买的那栋房子现在正在修缮。 He forgot the key, which made him late again. 他忘了带钥匙，这件事让他又迟到了。（which指代前面整句话） 2. 关系词前有介词（介词 + 关系代词） 介词后面指物，只能用which，禁止用that。 This is the room in which I lived last year. 这就是我去年住过的房间。（in + which） The chair on which he sat just now is broken. 他刚才坐的那把椅子坏了。 3. 先行词为 that / those（指物） 为避免词汇重复，从句用which。 What is that which is lying on the ground? 地上那个东西是什么？ 4. 引导并列的多个定语从句 若一个主句后接两个及以上定语从句，第一个可用that，后面重复出现的定语从句只用which。 I have a bike that looks new and which was given by my uncle. 我有一辆看起来很新、是我叔叔送的自行车。 三、只能用 who 引导定语从句的4种情况 who 专门指代人，以下场景优先/必须用who，不用that。 1. 先行词为 one, ones, anyone, someone, everyone, nobody 等指人的不定代词 Anyone who breaks the rules will be fined. 任何违规者都会被罚款。 There is nobody who can help him now. 现在没人能帮他了。 2. 先行词为 he, she, they, those（特指人，常用书面/正式语境） He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后才笑得最好。（谚语） Those who work hard will succeed. 努力的人终会成功。 3. 先行词和定语从句被较长状语隔开（分隔式定语从句） 主句主语（人）与从句距离远，为明确指代，多用who。 A girl stood by the window who wanted to see you. 窗边站着一位想见你的女孩。 4. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人 指人的非限制性定语从句，常用who（不用that）。 My mother, who is a doctor, works very hard. 我妈妈是一名医生，她工作很努力。 四、只能用 whom 引导定语从句的情况（介词后必考） whom 指代人，在从句中只作宾语。 1. 口语/限制性从句中，whom 常可替换为 who / that，也可省略； 2. 介词放在关系词前面时，必须用 whom，绝对不能用 who / that（期末高频易错点）。 基础例句（从句内部，可替换）： The boy whom/who/that you met yesterday is my cousin.你昨天见到的那个男孩是我表弟。 介词前置（只能用whom）： The person to whom you spoke just now is our head teacher.你刚才说话的那个人是我们的班主任。 The girl with whom I went shopping is my deskmate.和我一起购物的女孩是我的同桌。 五、补充易混对比 （一）通用禁忌（必记） 1. that 绝对不能使用的场景 不能引导非限制性定语从句； 不能直接放在介词后面。 2. which 不能指代人，who/whom 不能指代物。 （二）易混对比：that vs. who（先行词都指人） 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only 等修饰 → 用 that He is the only man that I trust. 他是我唯一信任的人。 先行词为 anyone/those/he 等 → 多用 who Those who are late must stand outside. 迟到的人必须站在外面。 （三）拓展：whose 补充（搭配延伸） whose 表所属，可指人/指物，不受以上规则限制，可用于限制性、非限制性从句。 1. The student whose bag is red is my friend.（指人） 2. The tree whose leaves turn yellow is very old.（指物） 知识点3 关系副词的用法与辨析 关系副词包括：when/where/why， 在从句中作状语（分别作时间、地点、原因状语），可转换为 “介词 + which” 结构。 关系副词 先行词 在从句中作用 等价结构 例句 when 表示时间的名词（time, day, year, month 等） 时间状语 on/in/at which I still remember the day when we met for the first time.= I still remember the day on which we met for the first time. where 表示地点的名词（place, room, city, school 等） 地点状语 in/at/on which This is the school where I studied three years ago.= This is the school in which I studied three years ago. why 表示原因的名词（reason） 原因状语 for which I don’t know the reason why he was late.= I don’t know the reason for which he was late. 判断用关系代词还是关系副词，关键看先行词在从句中所作的成分： 若先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 → 用关系代词； 若先行词在从句中作状语 → 用关系副词。 This is the factory where my father works.（先行词 factory 在从句中作地点状语，用 where） This is the factory which/that my father built last year.（先行词 factory 在从句中作宾语，用 which/that） 四、介词 + 关系代词的用法 1. 基本结构：介词 + which/whom（不可用 that/who） 介词的选择依据： 依据先行词的搭配： I remember the day on which we first met.（先行词 day，搭配介词 on） 2. 依据定语从句中动词 / 形容词的搭配： This is the person to whom you should write.（从句动词 write 搭配介词 to） 3. 依据固定搭配： The house in front of which there is a garden is mine.（固定搭配 in front of） 4. 特殊情况：of which/whom 表示所属关系，可与 whose 转换： The house whose roof is broken is old. = The house the roof of which is broken is old. = The house of which the roof is broken is old. 5. 表示部分与整体的关系（常与数词 / 代词连用）： There are 50 students in our class, 30 of whom are girls. 知识点4 限制性与非限制性定语从句 项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 标点 无逗号隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 作用 修饰限定先行词，去掉后主句意思不完整 补充说明先行词 / 整个主句，去掉后主句意思完整 关系词 可用 that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why 不可用 that/why；可用 which/who/whom/whose/when/where/as 例句 The book that you bought is very useful.（去掉从句，句子变成 “The book is very useful.”，表意不明） The book, which you bought yesterday, is very useful.（去掉从句，句子 “The book is very useful.” 表意完整） which 可指代前面整个主句的内容，意为 “这一点，这件事”，不可用 that 替换。 He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. She didn’t come to school, which was strange. 知识点5 as 引导的定语从句 as 引导限制性定语从句： 1. 先行词被 such, the same 修饰时，用 as 引导： This is the same book as I lost yesterday.（同类不同物） Such people as you describe are rare now. 2. 对比：the same...as（同类不同物） vs the same...that（同一物） This is the same book that I lost yesterday.（同一本书） as 引导非限制性定语从句： 1. 位置灵活，可放在句首、句中、句末，意为 “正如，正像”，常见固定句型： as we all know /as is known to all（众所周知） as is reported（据报道） as we expected（正如我们预料的） As we all know, the earth goes around the sun. 2. 对比：as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别： as which 可放在句首、句中、句末 只能放在句末 常表示 “正如，正像”，与主句内容一致 常表示 “这一点，这件事”，可表示与主句内容相反的结果 例：He won the game, as we expected.（正如我们预料的） 例：He lost the game, which made us surprised.（这件事让我们惊讶） 知识点6 特殊先行词的定语从句 1. 先行词为 way： 关系词可用 that/in which / 省略，意为 “…… 的方式”： I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your parents. 2. 先行词为 time： 表示 “次数” 时，用 that 引导，that 可省略： This is the first time (that) I have been to Beijing. 表示 “时间” 时，用 when/at which/that 引导： I still remember the time when we lived together. 3. 先行词为 reason： 关系词可用 why/that/for which，that/why 可省略： The reason (why/that) he was late is that he missed the bus. 先行词为 one of /the only one of + 复数名词： one of + 复数名词，关系词后的谓语动词用复数： He is one of the students who are good at English. the only one of + 复数名词，关系词后的谓语动词用单数： He is the only one of the students who is good at English. 知识点7 定语从句的解题步骤 1. 找先行词：确定被修饰的名词 / 代词 / 句子； 2. 看从句成分：判断先行词在从句中作什么成分； 3. 选关系词： 若作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 → 关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）； 若作状语 → 关系副词（when/where/why）或介词 + which/whom； 4. 检查特殊规则：that/which 的用法、非限制性定语从句、as 引导的情况等。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2025 江苏南京师大附中高一期末】We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers. 2.【2025 湖南长沙长郡中学高一月考】This is the very museum ______ we visited last Sunday. 3.【2025 山东济南外国语学校期中】Anyone ______ breaks the rules will be punished strictly. 4.【2025 河北衡水中学同步练习】I can remember the days ______ we spent together in the countryside. 5.【2025 河北衡水中学同步练习】I can remember the days ______ we worked together in the countryside. 6.【2024 全国新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编】The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. 7.【2025 广东深圳中学高一期末】Those ______ want to attend the lecture must sign up before Friday. 8.【2025 四川成都七中月考】This is all ______ I can do for you at the moment. 9.【2025 湖北华师一附中期中】The house ______ roof was damaged in the storm has now been repaired. 10.【2025 浙江学考改编】Do you know the reason ______ he refused to accept the invitation? 11.【2025 浙江学考改编】Do you know the reason ______ he explained to the manager just now? 12.【2025 河南郑州一中高一期末】The first novel ______ I read during the holiday was written by Mo Yan. 13.【2025 陕西西安铁一中月考】There is nothing ______ can stop him from realizing his dream. 14.【2025 辽宁东北育才中学期中】The girl with ______ you talked just now is a famous pianist. 15.【2025 安徽合肥一中同步训练】The village ______ we visited last week lies at the foot of a mountain. 1.【2025 江苏南京师大附中高一期末】We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers. 答案：when 解析：先行词为抽象名词 age（时代、年代），表时间。分析从句：从句主谓宾结构完整，不缺少主语、宾语，因此选用关系副词。指代时间的关系副词用 when，在从句中作时间状语。 2.【2025 湖南长沙长郡中学高一月考】This is the very museum ______ we visited last Sunday. 答案：that 解析：先行词 museum 指物，从句中谓语动词 visited 缺少宾语，本可用 that/which。但先行词被限定词 the very（正是、恰恰）修饰，属于语法硬性规则：先行词被 the very、the only、the last 等修饰时，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。 3.【2025 山东济南外国语学校期中】Anyone ______ breaks the rules will be punished strictly. 答案：who 解析：先行词 Anyone（任何人）为不定代词，指代人。从句缺少主语，需用关系代词。规则：先行词为指人的不定代词（anyone, everyone, someone 等），关系代词常用 who，从句中 who 作主语。 4.【2025 河北衡水中学同步练习】I can remember the days ______ we spent together in the countryside. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 days（日子）指事物。从句谓语 spent（度过）是及物动词，后面必须接宾语，从句缺少宾语。关系代词 that/which 可指代事物，在从句中作宾语，二者均可使用。 5.【2025 河北衡水中学同步练习】I can remember the days ______ we worked together in the countryside. 答案：when 解析：先行词同样是 days（表时间）。从句谓语 worked（工作）为不及物动词，从句主谓结构完整，不缺主、宾，因此用关系副词。指代时间用 when，在从句中作时间状语。 ⚠️ 对比第 4 题：先行词相同，从句成分不同，关系词完全不同，是高频易考点。 6.【2024 全国新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编】The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. 答案：whose 解析：从句名词 story 前缺少定语，表达 “这位作者的故事”，存在所属关系。关系词 whose 专门表示 “…… 的”，可指代人或物，后接名词构成所属结构，是本考点唯一答案。 7.【2025 广东深圳中学高一期末】Those ______ want to attend the lecture must sign up before Friday. 答案：who 解析：先行词 Those 此处指代 “那些人”（复数，指人）。从句缺少主语，需用关系代词。语法规则：先行词为 those 且指代人时，关系代词只用 who，不可用 that。 8.【2025 四川成都七中月考】This is all ______ I can do for you at the moment. 答案：that 解析：先行词 all 是不定代词。核心规则：当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用 that，禁用 which。that 在从句中作 do 的宾语。 9.【2025 湖北华师一附中期中】The house ______ roof was damaged in the storm has now been repaired. 答案：whose 解析：句意为 “屋顶在暴风雨中受损的那栋房子现已修好”。名词 roof（屋顶）前缺少定语，表达 “房子的屋顶”，表所属关系。用 whose 修饰 roof，whose roof = the roof of which，两种表达等价。 10.【2025 浙江学考改编】Do you know the reason ______ he refused to accept the invitation? 答案：why 解析：先行词 reason（原因）。从句主谓宾结构完整，不缺主、宾，关系词在从句中作原因状语。指代原因的关系副词用 why，固定搭配 the reason why...（…… 的原因）。 11.【2025 浙江学考改编】Do you know the reason ______ he explained to the manager just now? 答案：that/which 解析：先行词依旧是 reason。从句谓语 explained（解释）为及物动词，缺少宾语，关系词指代 reason，在从句中作宾语，因此用关系代词 that/which。 ⚠️ 对比第 10 题：判断 reason 后用 why 还是 that/which，关键看从句是否缺宾语。 12.【2025 河南郑州一中高一期末】The first novel ______ I read during the holiday was written by Mo Yan. 答案：that 解析：先行词 novel 被序数词 the first（第一）修饰。硬性语法规则：先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。that 在从句中作 read 的宾语。 13.【2025 陕西西安铁一中月考】There is nothing ______ can stop him from realizing his dream. 答案：that 解析：先行词 nothing（没有任何事物）属于不定代词。遵循规则：先行词为不定代词时，关系代词仅能用 that，在从句中作主语。 14.【2025 辽宁东北育才中学期中】The girl with ______ you talked just now is a famous pianist. 答案：whom 解析：先行词 the girl 指人。关系词位于介词 with 之后，介词后接关系代词时，指人只能用宾格形式 whom，不能用 who/that。talk with sb（与某人交谈），whom 作 with 的宾语。 15.【2025 安徽合肥一中同步训练】The village ______ we visited last week lies at the foot of a mountain. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 the village 指物，从句谓语 visited 缺少宾语。关系代词 that/which 指代 village，在从句中作宾语，两个答案均成立。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.【2024 全国卷 Ⅰ 改编】Gun control is a subject ______ which Americans have argued for a long time. 2.【2025 重庆南开中学高一期末】The house ______ which we stayed last summer is a holiday hotel. 3.【2025 福建厦门双十中学月考】I will never forget the day ______ on which I joined the League. 4.【2025 天津耀华中学期中】She has two daughters, both of ______ are doctors in a big hospital. 5.【2025 上海格致中学同步练习】He has a new car, the price of ______ is more than 200,000 yuan. 6.【2024 北京高考改编】______ is often the case, he comes late for school again. 7.【2025 吉林东北师大附中期末】He failed the exam again, ______ made his parents very disappointed. 8.【2025 云南昆明一中月考】The teacher set so difficult a problem ______ none of us worked it out. 9.【2024 江苏高考改编】The days are gone ______ people lived a hard life.（分隔定语从句） 10.【2025 广西南宁三中期中】I have many friends, some of ______ are businessmen. 11.【2025 贵州贵阳一中同步训练】The pen ______ which I write was bought three years ago. 12.【2025 海南海口一中期末】We walked around the town, ______ was full of colorful flowers. 13.【2024 广东模考改编】This is the same tool ______ I used yesterday.（同类不同物） 14.【2024 广东模考改编】This is the same tool ______ I used yesterday.（同一事物） 15.【2025 甘肃兰州一中月考】The man ______ whom you borrowed the book is my elder brother. 1.【2024 全国卷 Ⅰ 改编】Gun control is a subject ______ which Americans have argued for a long time. 答案：about 解析：本题考查介词 + 关系代词结构。固定动词搭配 argue about sth（争论某事），先行词 subject 是 argue about 的宾语。当介词提前至关系代词 which 前时，介词由从句动词固定搭配决定，因此填 about。 2.【2025 重庆南开中学高一期末】The house ______ which we stayed last summer is a holiday hotel. 答案：in 解析：介词 + 关系代词考点。固定搭配 stay in the house（住在房子里），介词 in 与动词 stay 绑定。介词提前至 which 前，故填 in。 3.【2025 福建厦门双十中学月考】I will never forget the day ______ on which I joined the League. 答案：/（不填） 解析：on which 等价于关系副词 when，本句中已有 on which 作状语，句子结构完整，空格无需填词。整句意为：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。 4.【2025 天津耀华中学期中】She has two daughters, both of ______ are doctors in a big hospital. 答案：whom 解析：逗号分隔，判定为非限制性定语从句，不能用 that。先行词 two daughters 指人，介词 of 后需用宾格形式，因此用 whom。both of whom 意为 “两人都”，是高考高频结构。 5.【2025 上海格致中学同步练习】He has a new car, the price of ______ is more than 200,000 yuan. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 a car 指物。the price of which = whose price（它的价格），非限制性从句中禁用 that，因此只能填 which。 6.【2024 北京高考改编】______ is often the case, he comes late for school again. 答案：As 解析：固定句式 As is often the case（情况往往如此），属于as 引导的非限制性定语从句。as 引导从句可置于句首、句中、句末，翻译为 “正如”；而 which 引导的非限制性从句不能放在句首，这是二者核心区别。单词首字母大写。 7.【2025 吉林东北师大附中期末】He failed the exam again, ______ made his parents very disappointed. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面一整句话的内容（他考试再次失利这件事）。指代整件事时，非限制性从句只用 which，不能用 that/as（as 侧重 “正如”，本句无此意）。 8.【2025 云南昆明一中月考】The teacher set so difficult a problem ______ none of us worked it out. 答案：as 解析：固定定语从句结构 so + 名词 + as，意为 “如此…… 以至于”。as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词 problem。区分状语从句：本句从句有宾语 it，因此是定语从句，不用 that。 9.【2024 江苏高考改编】The days are gone ______ people lived a hard life.（分隔定语从句） 答案：when 解析：典型分隔式定语从句。正常语序：The days ______ people lived a hard life are gone. 先行词 the days 表时间，从句结构完整，用关系副词 when 作时间状语。谓语 are gone 把先行词和从句隔开，是高考难点题型。 10.【2025 广西南宁三中期中】I have many friends, some of ______ are businessmen. 答案：whom 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 many friends 指人。some of whom（其中一些人），介词 of 后接指人的宾格 whom，不可用 who/that。 11.【2025 贵州贵阳一中同步训练】The pen ______ which I write was bought three years ago. 答案：with 解析：介词 + 关系代词结构。固定搭配 write with the pen（用钢笔写字），介词由动词搭配决定，介词提前至 which 前，故填 with。 12.【2025 海南海口一中期末】We walked around the town, ______ was full of colorful flowers. 答案：which 解析：逗号分隔，非限制性定语从句。先行词 the town 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，非限制性从句不用 that，因此填 which。 13.【2024 广东模考改编】This is the same tool ______ I used yesterday.（同类不同物） 答案：as 解析：the same...as... 固定结构，引导定语从句，表示同类不同物（这把工具和我昨天用的是同一款，但不是同一个物品）。 14.【2024 广东模考改编】This is the same tool ______ I used yesterday.（同一事物） 答案：that 解析：the same...that... 结构，表示同一个事物（就是我昨天用过的那一把工具）。 ⚠️ 13、14 题是高考经典辨析点，翻译语义不同，关系词不同。 15.【2025 甘肃兰州一中月考】The man ______ whom you borrowed the book is my elder brother. 答案：from 解析：介词 + 关系代词结构。固定短语 borrow sth from sb（向某人借某物），介词 from 提前至 whom 前，因此填 from。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2025 全国新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编】The movie, ______ director is a young man, has won several international awards. 2.【2024 山东高考改编】We won three games in a row, ______ no one had expected. 3.【2025 湖南雅礼中学压轴题】The museum ______ we paid a visit last month was built 100 years ago. 4.【2025 江苏苏州中学模考】The person ______ you think is honest actually cheated in the exam. 5.【2025 江西临川一中期末】She showed me a new dictionary ______ cover is bright red. 6.【2023 全国乙卷真题改编】______ we all know, failure is the mother of success. 7.【2022 全国甲卷真题改编】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of ______ are sold abroad. 8.【2024 天津高考改编】I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents. 9.【2025 湖北黄冈中学易错题】Is this factory ______ you visited last year?（经典陷阱题） 10.【2025 湖北黄冈中学易错题】Is this the factory ______ you visited last year? 11.【2025 内蒙古呼市二中月考】The moment ______ you wait for will finally come. 12.【2024 四川模考改编】He is such a clever boy ______ everyone admires. 13.【2025 青海西宁一中期末】The artist ______ works are on show at the gallery is well-known nationwide. 14.【2025 新疆乌鲁木齐一中同步训练】I still remember the scene ______ we met for the first time. 15.【2023 浙江高考改编】There are many reasons ______ people like to travel on holidays. 1.【2025 全国新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编】The movie, ______ director is a young man, has won several international awards. 答案：whose 解析：非限制性定语从句。名词 director（导演）前缺少定语，表达 “这部电影的导演”，存在所属关系。whose 可用于非限制性从句，修饰人 / 物，表 “…… 的”。 2.【2024 山东高考改编】We won three games in a row, ______ no one had expected. 答案：as/which 解析：非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前文整件事（我们连胜三场）。 which：通用用法，仅指代整件事，无额外含义； as：翻译为 “正如”，暗含 “所有人都没料到” 的语义，二者均为标准答案。 3.【2025 湖南雅礼中学压轴题】The museum ______ we paid a visit last month was built 100 years ago. 答案：to 解析：介词 + 关系代词考点。固定搭配 pay a visit to + 地点（参观某地），介词 to 不可省略。本句介词提前至关系代词 which 前（句中省略 which），因此填 to。 4.【2025 江苏苏州中学模考】The person ______ you think is honest actually cheated in the exam.（插入语嵌套） 答案：who/that 解析：嵌套句式难点。you think 是插入语，做题时可直接删除，简化句子：The person ______ is honest actually cheated in the exam. 先行词 the person 指人，从句缺少主语，因此用 who/that。 5.【2025 江西临川一中期末】She showed me a new dictionary ______ cover is bright red. 答案：whose 解析：名词 cover（封面）前缺定语，表达 “字典的封面”，所属关系。whose 修饰名词 cover，为标准用法。 6.【2023 全国乙卷真题改编】______ we all know, failure is the mother of success. 答案：As 解析：经典固定句式 As we all know（众所周知），as 引导非限制性定语从句，置于句首，翻译为 “正如”，是高考必考句型，首字母大写。 7.【2022 全国甲卷真题改编】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of ______ are sold abroad. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 shoes 指物。80% of which（其中 80% 的鞋子），介词 of 后指物只能用 which，禁用 that。 8.【2024 天津高考改编】I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents. 答案：that/in which / 不填 解析：高考最高频考点。当先行词为 the way，且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，有三种合法填法： ① 填 that ② 填 in which ③ 省略关系词。三种答案均得分。 9.【2025 湖北黄冈中学易错题】Is this factory ______ you visited last year?（经典陷阱题） 答案：what 解析：终极陷阱题，并非定语从句。还原陈述句：This factory is ______ you visited last year. 主句缺少表语，后面从句也缺少宾语，整体为表语从句。what 在从句中作宾语，指代事物，这是学生最易混淆的题型。 10.【2025 湖北黄冈中学易错题】Is this the factory ______ you visited last year? 答案：that/which/ 不填 解析：标准定语从句。还原陈述句：This is the factory ______ you visited last year. 先行词 the factory 作 visited 的宾语，关系代词 that/which 可使用，也可以直接省略。 ⚠️ 对比第 9 题：有无定冠词 the，句式完全不同，从句类型不同。 11.【2025 内蒙古呼市二中月考】The moment ______ you wait for will finally come. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 the moment（时刻）表事物，从句短语 wait for 缺少宾语。关系代词 that/which 指代 the moment，在从句中作宾语，二者均可。 12.【2024 四川模考改编】He is such a clever boy ______ everyone admires. 答案：as 解析：such + 名词 + as 固定定语从句结构，as 指代先行词 boy，在从句中作 admires 的宾语。区分状语从句：从句无完整主谓宾结构，因此不用 that。 13.【2025 青海西宁一中期末】The artist ______ works are on show at the gallery is well-known nationwide. 答案：whose 解析：名词 works（作品）前缺定语，表达 “这位艺术家的作品”，所属关系。whose 修饰 works，是基础但高频的考点。 14.【2025 新疆乌鲁木齐一中同步训练】I still remember the scene ______ we met for the first time. 答案：where 解析：先行词 scene（场景、场面）属于抽象地点名词。从句主谓结构完整，不缺主、宾，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词 where。同类词：stage, situation, point 等，均用 where。 15.【2023 浙江高考改编】There are many reasons ______ people like to travel on holidays. 答案：why/for which 解析：先行词 reasons 表原因，从句结构完整，关系词作原因状语。 关系副词 why 直接使用； for which 等价于 why（介词 for + 关系代词 which），两个答案均为高考标准答法。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $