专题05 现在完成时（期末复习）2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期期末复习（新教材人教版）

**基本信息** 以“用法-构成-特殊难点-易混辨析”为逻辑主线，系统整合现在完成时核心考点，通过分层训练实现从基础理解到中考应用的能力进阶，培养语言运用与逻辑辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识梳理|6大核心板块（含延续性动词转化表等）|延续性动词转化规则、非延续性动词与时间段连用三法、have been to/ gone to/ in区别、现在完成时与一般过去时对比|从基本用法→构成→句式→标志词→特殊动词→易混结构，形成递进式知识链| |基础训练|25题|聚焦标志词（for/since/already等）及基本句式应用|覆盖核心用法，强化语法规则理解与初步运用| |中考专练|25题（含2024-2025真题）|真题情境中考查延续性动词转换、时态辨析等高频考点|贴合中考命题趋势，提升应试迁移能力| |综合训练|填空15题+句型转换12题|同义句转换（如非延续性→延续性动词）、句式变换|深化知识灵活应用，培养语法思维品质|

专题05 现在完成时（期末复习） 知识梳理 现在完成时 一、基本用法 （一）现在完成时的用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 —Have you had breakfast yet？你吃过早饭了吗？ —Yes, have. I've just had it. 是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+表示过去的时间点或从句”连用。 He has taught French for five years. 他教法语五年了。 He has taught French since he came to this school. 他自从来到这个学校就一直教法语了。 （二）现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。 （三）现在完成时的句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。 I have seen the film. 我看过那部电影。 2. 否定句：主语+have/ has not (haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他. Tom hasn't finished his homework. 汤姆还没有完成他的家庭作业。 I haven't met him since last week. 从上周到现在我一直没有见过他。 3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven't/hasn't. —Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬过那座山吗？ —Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 是的，我爬过。/不，我没有。 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？ How long have you worked in Japan? 你在日本工作多长时间了？ （四）动词过去分词的变化规则 动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。 1. 规则变化 （1）一般情况加-ed finish—finished （2）以-e结尾的，加-d。live—lived （3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed。carry—carried （4）重读闭音节单词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop—stopped 2. 不规则变化 不规则变化见《不规则动词表》。 3.现在完成时的几个标志词 (1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ☞He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 (2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ☞Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾去过上海吗? (3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ☞I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 (4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。 ☞I think we’ve met before.我觉得我们以前见过面。 (5)since+时间点,for+时间段。 ☞I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。 (6)already意为“已经”通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has后，过去分词前或句尾。 ☞We have already read the book. 我们已经读过这本书了。 (7)yet用于完成时的疑问句和否定句中，意为“已经”，通常放于句末。 Have you found your wallet yet? 你已经找到你钱包了吗？ I haven't found my wallet yet. 我还没找到我的钱包。 4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 (1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I’ve left this school for eight years. 正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 【温馨提示】不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。 ☞I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。 (2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: ①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be ②将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 ③用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。 ☞It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 5.have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别 形式 意义及用法说明 例句 have been to 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来) have gone to have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之,现在还未回来 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来) have been in have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词 The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。 6.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 时态 意义及用法说明 例句 侧重点 不同 现在完成时　 与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。(说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解) 一般过去时　 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。(仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关) 连用的 时间状 语不同 现在完成时　 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗? 一般过去时　 一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用 Father bought this bike five years ago.父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。 分层训练 基础训练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Chinese scientists ________ great progress in space research in the past ten years. A．make B．will make C．have made D．are making 2．Amy, you ________ your room already. It looks so tidy. A．clean B．are cleaning C．have cleaned D．will clean 3．I ________ my email yesterday, but I haven’t ________ it today. A．checked; checked B．check; checked C．checked; check D．check; check 4．Many great inventions ________ our life a lot since they were invented. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．were changing 5．—Look at these pictures. I _______ them for three years. —Wow, they’re wonderful. A．bought B．have bought C．kept D．have kept 6．—How long _______ you _______ in Huainan, Mr Green? —Since last month. A．did; come B．do; come C．have; come D．have; been 7．—________ Ann ever ________ online with you? —No, she hasn’t. A．Have; chated B．Has; chated C．Have; chatted D．Has; chatted 8．He told me he would be here at 2 o’clock. But he ________ yet. A．didn’t arrive B．isn’t arriving C．hasn’t arrived D．won’t arrive 9．— Would you like to see the movie with me tonight, Simon? — Sorry. I ________ it twice. A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen 10．Steve ________ in our school since he came to Beijing. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 11．— ________ you ________ the movie Lost in Hong Kong? — No, I haven’t. A．Have; seen B．Are; seeing C．Did; see D．Will; see 12．We ________ our foreign teacher since he ________ to America. A．haven’t heard from; returned B．didn’t hear from; returned C．didn’t hear from; returns D．haven’t heard from; returns 13．Look! What a clean room! Who ______ it? A．has cleaned B．is cleaning C．will clean D．cleaned 14．She ________ the book ________ last week. A．has borrowed; for B．has kept; since C．has borrowed; since D．has kept; for 15．The old man ________ for ten years, but his children still miss him very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 16．The film has ________ for 10 minutes when I came in. A．started B．been on C．been in D．gone to 17．—Is Mr Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 18．Our teacher isn’t in the office. She ______ the school hall since 40 minutes ago and the show is still going on. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone into 19．—Jack, I haven’t seen your father for a long time. —He ________ Shanghai on business for two months and he is still there now. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 20．He ________ in this primary school for over ten years. He loves his job very much. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 21．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. A．have; kept B．have; borrowed C．did; borrow D．did; keep 22．There ________ an old library in our town for the past 20 years. It has brought us so much happiness and knowledge. A．were B．has had C．has been D．have been 23．My mother ________ a new bike for me last month. I ________ it for about four weeks. A．has bought; bought B．bought; have bought C．has bought; have had D．bought; have had 24．Great changes ________ in my hometown since the high-speed railway was built in 2020. A．have taken place B．took place C．take place D．will take place 25．—Where is your sister? —She ________ in her room. She ________ there for an hour. A．reads; has read B．read; read C．is reading; has read D．is reading; has been 中考专练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—Who is the one that knows AI best in our class? —Peter. He ________ classes on it for two years. A．takes B．took C．has taken D．is taking 2．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine. —Of course! Here you are. A．have lost B．will lose C．am losing 3．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 4．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 5．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 6．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 7．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 8．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 9．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 10．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Lots of tourists from the southern part of China ________ Harbin twice. A．have been in B．have gone to C．have been to 11．（2025·福建·中考真题）Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 12．（2025·云南·中考真题）The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far. A．have seen B．am going to see C．saw D．see 13．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 14．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 15．（2024·四川·中考真题）I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema. A．love B．loved C．am loving D．have loved 16．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 17．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I’m afraid the tickets to the concert have been sold out. —Don’t worry. I ________ two tickets online already. A．have bought B．will buy C．may buy 18．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 19．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 20．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 21．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 22．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 23．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already. A．eat B．ate C．have eaten 24．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it? —________ a week. A．keep, For B．borrow, For C．lend, In 25．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 综合训练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．—May I borrow your bike? —I’m afraid not. I ________ (lend) it to Andy. 2．He ________(miss) three lessons since he was ill. 3．The volunteers ________ (hand) out food to people in need many times. 4．Since two years ago, our school _________ (have) an interesting reading club. 5．—Where is your father? —He ________ (go) to Beijing on business. He will come back next Monday. 6．I ________ (not finish) my homework yet. I need to finish it quickly. 7．She ________ (borrow) this book for nearly a week. 8．Look! What a tidy and clean room! Who ________ (clean) it? 9．I ________ (buy) this volunteer uniform last month. I ________ (have) it for only a few weeks. 10．—________ you ever ________ (borrow) books from the city library? —No, I haven’t. 11．She ________ already ________ (finish) her homework about natural disasters. 12．—________ you ________ (see) my book? —Yes. Henry took it away half an hour ago. 13．Mr Lin isn’t here now. He ________ (go) to Beijing on business. 14．The girl has lived here since she ________ (move) to this city in 2018. 15．My uncle ________ (go) abroad on business three days ago, and he ________ (not come) back yet. 二、句型转换 1．Mike bought the book 2 months ago. (同义句改写) Mike ________ ________ the book for 2 months. 2．Tom went to Nanjing 3 days ago, he didn’t come back. (同义句改写) Tom ________ ________ to Nanjing. 3．The couple bought the car 10 years ago. (同义句转换) The couple ________ ________ the car since 10 years ago. 4．George borrowed my umbrella last week. George ________ ________ my umbrella for a week. 5．The old tree died years ago. The old tree ________ ________ ________ for years. 6．He left his hometown 5 years ago. (改为同义句) He ________ ________ ________ from his hometown for 5 years. 7．I have been in Chongqing for 5 years. (同义句转换) I have been in Chongqing ________ 5 years ________. 8．Mr Wu visited Canada in 2010 and 2011. (用twice替换句中的时间) Mr Wu ________ ________ Canada ________. 9．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 10．She has finished reading the novel since last Wednesday.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ reading the novel since last Wednesday. 11．He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he lived in Beijing? 12．They have cleaned the classroom.(对划线部分提问) ________ have they ________? 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 现在完成时（期末复习） 知识梳理 现在完成时 一、基本用法 （一）现在完成时的用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 —Have you had breakfast yet？你吃过早饭了吗？ —Yes, have. I've just had it. 是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+表示过去的时间点或从句”连用。 He has taught French for five years. 他教法语五年了。 He has taught French since he came to this school. 他自从来到这个学校就一直教法语了。 （二）现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。 （三）现在完成时的句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。 I have seen the film. 我看过那部电影。 2. 否定句：主语+have/ has not (haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他. Tom hasn't finished his homework. 汤姆还没有完成他的家庭作业。 I haven't met him since last week. 从上周到现在我一直没有见过他。 3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven't/hasn't. —Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬过那座山吗？ —Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 是的，我爬过。/不，我没有。 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？ How long have you worked in Japan? 你在日本工作多长时间了？ （四）动词过去分词的变化规则 动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。 1. 规则变化 （1）一般情况加-ed finish—finished （2）以-e结尾的，加-d。live—lived （3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed。carry—carried （4）重读闭音节单词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop—stopped 2. 不规则变化 不规则变化见《不规则动词表》。 3.现在完成时的几个标志词 (1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ☞He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 (2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ☞Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾去过上海吗? (3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ☞I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 (4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。 ☞I think we’ve met before.我觉得我们以前见过面。 (5)since+时间点,for+时间段。 ☞I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。 (6)already意为“已经”通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has后，过去分词前或句尾。 ☞We have already read the book. 我们已经读过这本书了。 (7)yet用于完成时的疑问句和否定句中，意为“已经”，通常放于句末。 Have you found your wallet yet? 你已经找到你钱包了吗？ I haven't found my wallet yet. 我还没找到我的钱包。 4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 (1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I’ve left this school for eight years. 正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 【温馨提示】不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。 ☞I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。 (2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: ①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be ②将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 ③用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。 ☞It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 5.have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别 形式 意义及用法说明 例句 have been to 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来) have gone to have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之,现在还未回来 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来) have been in have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词 The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。 6.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 时态 意义及用法说明 例句 侧重点 不同 现在完成时　 与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。(说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解) 一般过去时　 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。(仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关) 连用的 时间状 语不同 现在完成时　 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗? 一般过去时　 一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用 Father bought this bike five years ago.父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。 分层训练 基础训练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Chinese scientists ________ great progress in space research in the past ten years. A．make B．will make C．have made D．are making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，中国科学家在太空研究方面取得了巨大的进步。 根据时间状语“in the past ten years”（在过去的十年里）可知，该句强调从过去到现在这段时间内已经取得的成就，应使用现在完成时，应填have made。 2．Amy, you ________ your room already. It looks so tidy. A．clean B．are cleaning C．have cleaned D．will clean 【答案】C 【详解】句意：艾米，你已经打扫了你的房间。它看起来如此整洁。 clean为一般现在时；are cleaning为现在进行时；have cleaned为现在完成时；will clean为一般将来时。根据“already”以及后句“It looks so tidy”可知，打扫房间的动作已经完成并对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时。应填have cleaned。 3．I ________ my email yesterday, but I haven’t ________ it today. A．checked; checked B．check; checked C．checked; check D．check; check 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我昨天查看了我的电子邮件，但今天还没有查看。 根据“yesterday”可知，第一空所在句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式checked；根据“haven’t”可知，第二空所在句时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，所以第二空应用checked。 4．Many great inventions ________ our life a lot since they were invented. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．were changing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多伟大的发明自被发明以来，已经极大地改变了我们的生活。 句中时间状语“since they were invented”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Many great inventions”是复数，助动词用have，change的过去分词为changed。 5．—Look at these pictures. I _______ them for three years. —Wow, they’re wonderful. A．bought B．have bought C．kept D．have kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——看这些照片。我保存它们已经三年了。——哇，它们真棒。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词。根据时间状语“for three years”可知，动作需持续三年，需用现在完成时且动词需为延续性动词。buy是短暂性动词，不能与“for + 时间段”连用，而keep是延续性动词，其过去分词为kept，符合语境。故选D。 6．—How long _______ you _______ in Huainan, Mr Green? —Since last month. A．did; come B．do; come C．have; come D．have; been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——格林先生，你在淮南待了多久了？——从上个月开始。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“Since last month”可知，问句询问“从过去持续到现在的一段时间”，需用现在完成时，且谓语动词需具有延续性。come是短暂性动词，不能与how long连用，需改为have been。故选D。 7．—________ Ann ever ________ online with you? —No, she hasn’t. A．Have; chated B．Has; chated C．Have; chatted D．Has; chatted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——安曾经和你网上聊天吗？——不，没有。 考查现在完成时态。根据“No, she hasn’t”可知，时态为现在完成时，由于主语是三单所以助动词用has，chat的过去分词是chatted。故选D。 8．He told me he would be here at 2 o’clock. But he ________ yet. A．didn’t arrive B．isn’t arriving C．hasn’t arrived D．won’t arrive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他告诉我他两点钟到。但他还没到。 考查时态。didn’t arrive一般过去时；isn’t arriving现在进行时；hasn’t arrived现在完成时；won’t arrive一般将来时。根据“yet”和语境可知，他告诉我他两点到，可推测此处是他还没到，时态为现在完成时，主语为he，第三人称单数，谓语用“has+过去分词”的结构，arrived“到达”为动词过去分词。故选C。 9．— Would you like to see the movie with me tonight, Simon? — Sorry. I ________ it twice. A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚你想要和我一起看电影吗，Simon？——抱歉。我已经看了两次了。 考查现在完成时。根据语境可知因为看了两次所以今晚不和对方看电影，强调过去事件对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选D。 10．Steve ________ in our school since he came to Beijing. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从Steve来到北京他就工作在我们学校。 考查现在完成时。根据“since he came to Beijing”可知句子时态应为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选C。 11．— ________ you ________ the movie Lost in Hong Kong? — No, I haven’t. A．Have; seen B．Are; seeing C．Did; see D．Will; see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你看过电影《港囧》吗？—— 没有。 考查现在完成时态。根据“No, I haven’t.”可知，此句时态是现在完成时，主语“you”，因此第一空“Have”符合句意；“see”的过去分词是“seen”，因此第二空“seen”符合句意。故选A。 12．We ________ our foreign teacher since he ________ to America. A．haven’t heard from; returned B．didn’t hear from; returned C．didn’t hear from; returns D．haven’t heard from; returns 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从我们的外教回国后我们没有收到他的消息。 考查动词时态。根据题干和选项，可知句意为“自从我们的外教回国后我们没有收到他的消息。”由句中的“since 自从”，可知主句时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+done，否定形式为haven’t/hasn’t+done，主语是we，用haven’t，hear from sb“收到某人的消息”，hear的过去分词是heard；主句时态为现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，所以第二个空用returned，故选A。 13．Look! What a clean room! Who ______ it? A．has cleaned B．is cleaning C．will clean D．cleaned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！多么干净的房间啊！谁打扫的？ 考查动词时态。根据前句“What a clean room!”的语境可知，是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“Who”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has；clean的过去分词是cleaned。故选A。 14．She ________ the book ________ last week. A．has borrowed; for B．has kept; since C．has borrowed; since D．has kept; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她从上周起就一直保留着这本书。 since后接过去的时间点，for后接一段时间，“last week”是过去的时间点，第二空应填since；现在完成时中与since或for连用表示持续状态时，动词需用延续性动词，borrow是短暂性动词，keep是延续性动词，第一空应填has kept。 15．The old man ________ for ten years, but his children still miss him very much. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世十年了，但他的孩子们仍然非常想念他。 根据时间状语for ten years可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需具有延续性。die是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转化为be dead表示状态。结合选项，A、B项含短暂性动词die，D项为过去时，只有C项符合现在完成时且表示延续状态。 16．The film has ________ for 10 minutes when I came in. A．started B．been on C．been in D．gone to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我进来时，电影已经上映十分钟了。 started开始；been on上映；been in在……里面；gone to去了。根据“for 10 minutes”表示一段时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词。been on是固定表达，专门表示“（电影、演出等）开演、上映”，属于延续性状态，可以和for引导的一段时间搭配，符合语法和句意。 17．—Is Mr Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——克拉克先生在那儿吗？我需要和他谈谈。——抱歉，他去上海出差三天了。 went to去了；has gone to去了未回；has been in待在某地；has been to去过已回。根据“Sorry”可知人不在，排除选项D；根据“for three days”可知表示持续三天的时间段,动时态需要体现“从过去持续到现在的状态”。be in表状态可延续。B选项虽然表示去了某地（还没回来），但是它强调“去了没回”的结果，是瞬间动作，不能和持续时间段连用。应填has been in。 18．Our teacher isn’t in the office. She ______ the school hall since 40 minutes ago and the show is still going on. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone into 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师不在办公室。她自从40分钟前就待在学校礼堂了，而且演出仍在进行中。 has gone to去了（未返回，不能接时间段）；has been to去过（已返回，不能接时间段）；has been in待在某地（表示持续状态，可接时间段）；has gone into进入（短暂性动作，不能接时间段）。根据题干“since 40 minutes ago”表示时间段，应用延续性动词的现在完成时；且“the show is still going on”说明她仍在礼堂，应用has been in，应填has been in。 19．—Jack, I haven’t seen your father for a long time. —He ________ Shanghai on business for two months and he is still there now. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克，我很久没见到你爸爸了。——他去上海出差已经两个月了，而且他现在还在那里。 went to去了（一般过去时）；has gone to去了某地（还未回来）；has been in在某地（延续性）；has been to去过某地（已回来）。根据“for two months”及“he is still there now”可知，此处表示在某地持续待了一段时间，需用延续性短语has been in。 20．He ________ in this primary school for over ten years. He loves his job very much. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他在这所小学工作已经十多年了。他非常热爱他的工作。 根据时间状语“for over ten years”可知动作从过去持续到现在，并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时has worked。 21．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. A．have; kept B．have; borrowed C．did; borrow D．did; keep 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你保留这本书多久了？——两周了。 have现在完成时助动词，kept保留；borrowed借；did一般过去时的助动词；borrow借，动词原形；keep保持，动词原形。根据答语“For two weeks”表示一段时间，可知句子应用现在完成时，排除C、D项；且现在完成时中与时间段连用时，谓语动词需用延续性动词，borrow是非延续性动词，keep是延续性动词。应填have；kept。 22．There ________ an old library in our town for the past 20 years. It has brought us so much happiness and knowledge. A．were B．has had C．has been D．have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去20年里，我们镇上有一座老图书馆。它给我们带来了如此多的快乐和知识。 were是，一般过去时；has had已经有，现在完成时；has been已经存在/一直是，there be句型的现在完成时，第三人称单数形式；have been已经存在/一直是，there be句型的现在完成时，第三人称复数形式。根据时间状语“for the past 20 years”可知，句子要用现在完成时，there be句型的现在完成时结构为there have/has been；主语“an old library”是单数，应用there has been。 23．My mother ________ a new bike for me last month. I ________ it for about four weeks. A．has bought; bought B．bought; have bought C．has bought; have had D．bought; have had 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈上个月给我买了一辆新自行车。我已经拥有它大约四周了。 第一空根据时间状语last month可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时bought；第二空根据for about four weeks可知动作持续到现在，用现在完成时，且buy是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需改为延续性动词，have had符合语法与语境。 24．Great changes ________ in my hometown since the high-speed railway was built in 2020. A．have taken place B．took place C．take place D．will take place 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从 2020 年高铁建成以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 根据句中关键词“since”及从句为一般过去时可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。take place意为“发生”，不及物动词短语，无被动语态。B项为一般过去时，C项为一般现在时，D项为一般将来时，均不符合语境。应填have taken place。 25．—Where is your sister? —She ________ in her room. She ________ there for an hour. A．reads; has read B．read; read C．is reading; has read D．is reading; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你姐姐在哪里？——她正在房间里看书。她已经在那里待了一个小时了。 根据“Where is your sister?”可知，询问当前位置，第一空应用现在进行时is reading；根据“for an hour”可知，第二空需用现在完成时，且谓语用持续性动词，has been there表示“待在那里”，符合语境。 中考专练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—Who is the one that knows AI best in our class? —Peter. He ________ classes on it for two years. A．takes B．took C．has taken D．is taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们班谁最了解人工智能？——彼得。他已经上这门课两年了。 根据“for two years”，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。 2．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine. —Of course! Here you are. A．have lost B．will lose C．am losing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我可以用你的尺子吗？我丢失了我的尺子。——当然！给你。 考查现在完成时。根据“Excuse me, may I use your ruler?”可知，此处是指已经丢失了尺子，从而导致去借对方的尺子，空处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 4．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些好朋友。 考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选B。 5．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。 考查时态。started一般过去时；has started现在完成时；will start一般将来时。根据“already”可知，政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划，本句应使用现在完成时。故选B。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 7．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 8．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意： 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直受到公众的欢迎。 考查现在完成时。根据“since it came out”可知，句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去，因此需要使用现在完成时态，has been popular表示“一直受欢迎”。故选A。 9．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——她借了这本科学书多久了？我想向她借这本书。——将近三周了。我想她可能已经读完了。 考查现在完成时。根据“How long has...”可知，本句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用，必须用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，不符合，需要变为对应的延续性动词have，过去分词为had。故选B。 10．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Lots of tourists from the southern part of China ________ Harbin twice. A．have been in B．have gone to C．have been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多来自中国南方的游客去过哈尔滨两次。 考查时态。have been in待在某地；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been to去过某地，已经回来。根据“Harbin twice”可知是去过两次，已经回来，用have been to。故选C。 11．（2025·福建·中考真题）Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从去年开始，我们学校就为贫困学生提供免费早餐了。 考查现在完成时。根据“Since last year”可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故选B。 12．（2025·云南·中考真题）The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far. A．have seen B．am going to see C．saw D．see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止我已经看过三次了。 考查现在完成时。由“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选A。 13．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 14．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的叔叔在哪里？——他去了美国，他将在纽约待两个星期。 考查has gone to与has been to的用法。has been to去过某地，已经回来了；has gone to到某地去了，还没有回来；has been in一直在某地。根据“Where is your uncle”可知，下文应回答他去美国了，用has gone to。故选B。 15．（2024·四川·中考真题）I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema. A．love B．loved C．am loving D．have loved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从我第一次去电影院以来，我就喜欢上了电影。 考查时态。根据“since I first went to the cinema.”可知主句用现在完成时“have/has done”。故选D。 16．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。 考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，本句应用现在完成时，排除AB；和一段时间连用，现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，排除C。故选D。 17．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I’m afraid the tickets to the concert have been sold out. —Don’t worry. I ________ two tickets online already. A．have bought B．will buy C．may buy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——恐怕音乐会的票已经卖完了。——别担心。我已经在网上买了两张票。 考查动词时态。根据“Don’t worry. I...two tickets online already”可知，因为已经买好了票，所以让对方不要担心，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故选A。 18．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好！现在很整洁。 考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。 19．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《红星照耀中国》是一本好书。我已经读了三遍了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的助动词是“have”，故选D。 20．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，一些方言已经使用了数千年。它们充满了地方色彩。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A、B和D选项。故选C。 21．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 22．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经参观过盐城公园好几次了，所以我对它了解很多。 考查现在完成时。根据句中的“several times”可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选B。 23．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already. A．eat B．ate C．have eaten 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——宋先生，你想吃点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我不饿。我已经吃了一些粽子。 考查动词时态。结合“already”可知此处需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 24．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it? —________ a week. A．keep, For B．borrow, For C．lend, In 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书值得一读。我可以借多久？——一周。 考查动词及介词辨析。keep保存，延续性动词；borrow借入，非延续性动词；lend借出，非延续性动词；For连接一段时间；In后接年、月、季节等。第一空与How long连用，应用延续性动词；第二空“a week”表一段时间，用For。故选A。 25．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Alex自从2010年来到中国开始研究茶文化。 考查现在完成时。根据“Alex ... tea culture since he came to China in 2010.”可知，强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，此处用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 综合训练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．—May I borrow your bike? —I’m afraid not. I ________ (lend) it to Andy. 【答案】have lent 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的自行车吗？——恐怕不行。我已经把它借给安迪了。句中强调“借出”这个过去动作对现在造成的影响（自行车现在不在我这里，无法再借给你），需用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语为第一人称单数I，助动词用have；lend的过去分词为lent，故填have lent。 2．He ________(miss) three lessons since he was ill. 【答案】has missed 【详解】句意：自从他生病以来，他已经缺了三节课。括号内单词提示“miss”，句中“since”引导时间状语从句，主句需用现在完成时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，故填has missed。 3．The volunteers ________ (hand) out food to people in need many times. 【答案】have handed 【详解】句意：志愿者们已经多次向有需要的人分发食物。由many times和语境可知，此处动作从过去持续到现在，重复发生的动作，时态应用现在完成时。主语The volunteers为复数，助动词用have，所以应填have handed。 4．Since two years ago, our school _________ (have) an interesting reading club. 【答案】has had 【详解】句意：两年前以来，我们学校就有一个有趣的阅读俱乐部。时间状语Since two years ago（自从两年前）是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为have/has + 动词过去分词，主语是our school，助动词用has，have的过去分词是had。 5．—Where is your father? —He ________ (go) to Beijing on business. He will come back next Monday. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里？——他出差去北京了，可能下周一回来。根据“He will come back next Monday.”可知，爸爸现在不在此地，已经去了北京且还没回来，要用现在完成时has gone表示“去了某地还未回来”。 6．I ________ (not finish) my homework yet. I need to finish it quickly. 【答案】haven’t finished 【详解】句意：我还没有完成作业。我需要快点完成它。finish“完成”，句中“yet”意为“还；尚”，是现在完成时的标志词，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“到目前为止还没有……”。现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语为“I”，助动词用have，否定形式为haven’t，finish的过去分词为finished。 7．She ________ (borrow) this book for nearly a week. 【答案】has kept 【详解】句意：她持有这本书将近一周了。句中“for nearly a week”表示一段时间，提示动作需用现在完成时，且borrow为短暂性动词，需转换为延续性动词keep。keep的过去分词为kept，主语为She，助动词用has。 8．Look! What a tidy and clean room! Who ________ (clean) it? 【答案】has cleaned 【详解】句意：看！多么整洁干净的房间啊！是谁打扫的？房间现在的整洁状态，是过去打扫这个动作造成的影响，因此用现在完成时；主语Who作单数看待，助动词用has，clean的过去分词为cleaned。 9．I ________ (buy) this volunteer uniform last month. I ________ (have) it for only a few weeks. 【答案】 bought have had 【详解】句意：我上个月买了这件志愿者制服。我拥有它只有几周的时间。last month“上个月”是一般过去时的标志，谓语动词需用过去式。buy的过去式为bought；for only a few weeks“只有几周”，“for + 时间段”是现在完成时的标志，表示从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的动作/状态。现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是I，助动词用have，have作“拥有”讲时，过去分词为had。故填bought；have had。 10．—________ you ever ________ (borrow) books from the city library? —No, I haven’t. 【答案】 Have borrowed 【详解】句意：——你从市图书馆借过书吗？——不，我没有。 句中答语为No, I haven’t，表明问句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词；主语是you，助动词用Have，动词borrow的过去分词为borrowed。 11．She ________ already ________ (finish) her homework about natural disasters. 【答案】 has finished 【详解】句意：她已经完成了关于自然灾害的作业。already（已经）提示本句为现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词；主语是She，故用has，动词finish的过去分词为 finished。故填has；finished。 12．—________ you ________ (see) my book? —Yes. Henry took it away half an hour ago. 【答案】 Have seen 【详解】句意：——你看到我的书了吗——看到了。亨利半小时前把它拿走了。根据答句“Henry took it away half an hour ago.”可知，问句想表达的是“你有没有看到我的书？”，是对过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响提问，用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”，主语为you，助动词用have。 现在完成时的一般疑问句是将助动词提到主语前面，see“看见”的过去分词为seen。 13．Mr Lin isn’t here now. He ________ (go) to Beijing on business. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：林先生现在不在这里。他去北京出差了。“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“去了某地（还未回来）”，符合“Mr Lin isn’t here now（不在这儿）”的语境，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词用has，go的过去分词为gone。 14．The girl has lived here since she ________ (move) to this city in 2018. 【答案】moved 【详解】句意：自从2018年搬到这座城市以来，这个女孩就一直住在这里。since引导的时间状语从句中，当主句用现在完成时，从句需用一般过去时，因此move应使用过去式moved。 15．My uncle ________ (go) abroad on business three days ago, and he ________ (not come) back yet. 【答案】 went hasn’t come 【详解】句意：我叔叔三天前出国出差了，而且他还没有回来。①“three days ago”（三天前）是一般过去时的时间标志词，所以动词go要用过去式went；②“yet”（还，仍然）是现在完成时的标志词，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has，否定形式是hasn’t，come的过去分词是come，所以是hasn’t come。 二、句型转换 1．Mike bought the book 2 months ago. (同义句改写) Mike ________ ________ the book for 2 months. 【答案】 has had 【详解】句意：迈克两个月前买了书。改写句中有“for 2 months”表示持续的一段时间，需使用现在完成时。主语“Mike”是第三人称单数，助动词用has；buy是瞬间动词，在现在完成时中不能与时间段连用，需改为对应的延续性动词have“拥有”，have的过去分词是had。 2．Tom went to Nanjing 3 days ago, he didn’t come back. (同义句改写) Tom ________ ________ to Nanjing. 【答案】 has gone 【详解】句意：Tom三天前去了南京，还没回来。根据原句中“didn’t come back”（没回来）可知，Tom现在仍在南京。“went to+地点+过去时间+没回来”可以转换为have/has gone to+地点 ，主语Tom是第三人称单数，助动词用has，has gone to去了某地，人还未返回。 3．The couple bought the car 10 years ago. (同义句转换) The couple ________ ________ the car since 10 years ago. 【答案】 have had 【详解】句意：这对夫妇十年前买了这辆车。原句是一般过去时，转换句中出现标志词since，表示动作从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。buy是非延续性动词（瞬间动词），不能与since引导的时间状语连用。在现在完成时中，需将其转换为对应的延续性动词have“拥有”。have的过去分词是had，因此谓语结构为have/has had。主语The couple意为“夫妇俩”，强调两个人，谓语动词通常用复数have。故填have had。 4．George borrowed my umbrella last week. George ________ ________ my umbrella for a week. 【答案】 has kept/had 【详解】句意：乔治上周借了我的雨伞。原句 “last week”（上周）是一般过去时，强调过去的动作；后句 “for a week”（持续一周）是现在完成时的标志，需用 “have/has + 过去分词”，主语George是第三人称单数，故用has，borrow（短暂性动词）需转化为延续性动词keep或have，过去分词分别为为kept和had。 5．The old tree died years ago. The old tree ________ ________ ________ for years. 【答案】 has been dead 【详解】句意：这棵老树几年前就死了。改为同义句，句中for years是表示一段时间的状语，时态用现在完成时，结构为has/have done，die“死亡”为瞬间动词，需改为延续性结构be dead，主语The old tree为单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been。 6．He left his hometown 5 years ago. (改为同义句) He ________ ________ ________ from his hometown for 5 years. 【答案】 has been away 【详解】句意：他五年前离开了家乡。原句中“left”是关键词，表明动作发生在过去且已经完成，是瞬间动词。改为同义句且时间状语变为“for 5 years”（表示一段时间）时，需要用延续性动词短语来替代瞬间动词。“be away”表示“离开”的状态，是延续性的，可与一段时间连用。原句是一般过去时，改写后的句子要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，所以用“has”，“be”的过去分词是“been”。 7．I have been in Chongqing for 5 years. (同义句转换) I have been in Chongqing ________ 5 years ________. 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：我已经在重庆待了5年了。改为同义句，for+时间段可直接转换为since+时间段+ago，for 5 years可转换为since 5 years ago。 8．Mr Wu visited Canada in 2010 and 2011. (用twice替换句中的时间) Mr Wu ________ ________ Canada ________. 【答案】 has visited twice 【详解】句意：吴先生于2010年和2011年访问了加拿大。原句中visited是关键词，表示“访问”，为短暂性动词。句中有twice表示两次，要用现在完成时，主语Mr Wu为第三人称单数，故填has；visited；twice。 9．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 【答案】 Has been Yes has 【详解】句意：他已经当了五年红十字会志愿者。本句时态为现在完成时，主语He为第三人称单数，变一般疑问句将助动词“has”提至句首，句首字母大写；过去分词“been”不变，位于主语之后；肯定回答用“Yes, he has”。 10．She has finished reading the novel since last Wednesday.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ reading the novel since last Wednesday. 【答案】 hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：她从上周三开始就已经读完这本小说了。原句时态为现在完成时，助动词是has。现在完成时变否定句的核心规则是：在助动词has/have后加not，缩写为hasn’t，动词形式保持不变。 11．He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he lived in Beijing? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他已经在北京住了5年了。 对“for 5 years”表示的时间段提问，用疑问词How long； 原句为现在完成时，助动词has保留在主语前。 12．They have cleaned the classroom.(对划线部分提问) ________ have they ________? 【答案】 What done 【详解】句意：他们已经打扫了教室。划线部分为cleaned the classroom，是对事件进行提问，应用特殊疑问词What，置于句首，首字母大写，句子为现在完成时，用实义动词do的过去分词done替代划线的具体动作。故填What；done。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $