专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期末真题汇编，广东专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为八年级下阅读理解说明文专题汇编，精选16篇来自广东多校期末真题的语篇，涵盖AI机器人、盲文阅读器、飞 cars、植物声音等贴近时代与生活的主题，通过真实情境考查学生信息提取与综合理解能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|80题（每篇5题）|科技（如DeepSeek-RI AI）、文化（秧歌传承）、自然（植物应激声音）、社会（校园压力管理）等|情境具时代性（如2025春晚机器人舞蹈）；问题梯度分明（细节题如时间计算，推理题如结构分析）；注重思维品质（如通过实验数据推断植物状态）|

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——发明与创造 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东汕头市潮阳区金德实验学校·期末） At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala (Year of the Snake),16 humanoid (人形) robots named “Fuxi” amazed the world. Dressed in Northeast-style floral-patterned jackets, they danced Yangge with Xinjiang artists. Famous director Zhang Yimou called it “a dialogue between ancient wisdom and AI”. These robots, made by Chinese company Unitree, moved like real humans. They could twist their waists, kick legs, and even spin handkerchiefs—a classic Yangge skill. Engineers shared that teaching the robots these moves took nearly three months of daily practice. Special sensors helped them follow human dancers’ steps perfectly. Unitree named this kind of robot “Fuxi”. The name has the same pronunciation as an ancient Chinese figure. It stands for the wonderful good wishes that technology brings. This robot dance does more than entertain (娱乐). It helps protect culture in new ways. Using special videos, engineers can record exactly how the old artists move. When 78-year-old Ms. Zhao, a Yangge expert, danced with her handkerchief, 3D cameras were used to record her every move in detail. “Now, even children a hundred years from now can learn the real Yangge,” she said with a happy smile. With the help of this technology, the traditional dance moves can be exactly kept, making sure that the key of Yangge is passed down through ages. The robots also make Chinese culture travel farther. Over 200 million people worldwide watched the show online. A French teenager commented (评论): “Robots + tradition = cool China!” This technology helps save and share traditions. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．the Year of the Snake B．the wisdom C．the Yangge performance D．Xinjiang dancers 2．How long did it nearly take the robots to learn the moves? A．20 days B．30 days C．60 days D．90 days 3．Why did they choose the name “Fuxi”? A．To show good wishes for modern engineers. B．To connect technology with Chinese culture. C．To ask foreign visitors to China. D．To give good wishes for the Snake Year. 4．How does technology help protect Yangge? A．By recording artists’ movements. B．By making better costumes. C．By training more engineers. D．By selling robot videos. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the Spring Festival Gala in 2025 B．To show how Unitree makes humanoid robots. C．To describe the team work between robots and artists. D．To describe how robots help protect and pass on Chinese traditional culture. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了2025年蛇年春晚中，16个人形机器人“伏羲”与新疆艺术家共跳秧歌，展现了科技与传统文化的融合，以及机器人在保护和传承中国传统文化方面的作用。 1．文章第一段指出“Dressed in Northeast-style floral-patterned jackets, they danced Yangge with Xinjiang artists. Famous director Zhang Yimou called it ‘a dialogue between ancient wisdom and AI’.”，结合上下文，“it”指代前文提到的机器人与新疆艺术家一起跳秧歌的表演。 2．第二段中明确写道：“Engineers shared that teaching the robots these moves took nearly three months of daily practice.”，三个月约为90天，说明机器人学习这些动作几乎花了90天。 3．第三段中明确写道：“The name has the same pronunciation as an ancient Chinese figure. It stands for the wonderful good wishes that technology brings.”，可知命名“伏羲”是为了将科技与中国传统文化相联系。 4．第四段中明确写道：“Using special videos, engineers can record exactly how the old artists move...With the help of this technology, the traditional dance moves can be exactly kept”，说明科技通过记录艺术家的动作来保护秧歌。 5．通读全文可知，文章围绕人形机器人“伏羲”展开，重点讲述了它们如何以新的方式保护和传承中国传统秧歌文化，说明本文主要内容是机器人如何帮助保护和传承中国传统文化。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东潮州江海实验中学·期末） Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi found that their city library didn’t have enough Braille (盲文) books for blind people and many of the Braille books were out of date. So, they teamed up to help the blind by fixing the problem. Feng and Meng both studied at No. 37 Middle School in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. They invented (发明) a new kind of Braille reader. Their work won the first prize in a national competition aiming to nurture creative thinking by encouraging the young to solve social problems. The invention also got a national patent (专利). When connected to a computer, their Braille reader can turn words into raised dots (凸起的点). Blind people can read by touching the dots, which are magnets (磁铁). This is the first Braille reader that uses magnets. “We found that today’s Braille readers are very difficult and expensive,” Feng said. “So, we decided to develop a user-friendly product (产品) , especially for young blind children from grade 1 to 3. Moreover, it only costs about 2000 yuan.” After making their first product, Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to get advice and improved it based on the students’ needs, like changing the size of the screen and the amount of space between the dots. “We hope the invention will be popularized in the future to help those blind people who can’t afford the Braille reader now,” Meng told Taiyuan News. 6．Why did the two students invent a new kind of Braille reader? A．To get a national patent. B．To hold a reading competition. C．To encourage kids to solve social problems. D．To help the blind get more Braille books. 7．What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Develop. B．Lower. C．Imagine. D．Understand. 8．Which is the correct order of the following events? ①Feng and Meng were interviewed by Taiyuan News. ②Many of the Braille books in the city library were out of date. ③Feng and Meng teamed up to help the blind by fixing the problem. ④Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to learn about the students’ needs. A．②①④③ B．②③④① C．②③①④ D．②④①③ 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．Feng and Meng are caring and creative. B．Feng and Meng solved many social problems. C．Feng and Meng have set up their own business. D．Feng and Meng became very popular at home and abroad. 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Braille Reader B．A User-friendly Product C．The Need of Blind People D．Two Teenagers and Their Invention 【答案】6．D 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了山西太原的两名中学生冯博尧和孟书琦发现市图书馆盲文书籍不足且陈旧的问题后，合作发明了一款新型磁铁盲文阅读器，帮助盲人更便捷地阅读，并获得了全国奖项和国家专利，展现了青少年的爱心与创造力。 6．第一段指出“Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi found that their city library didn’t have enough Braille books for blind people and many Braille books were out of date. So, they teamed up to help the blind by fixing the problem.”，这直接说明两人发明新型盲文阅读器是为了帮助盲人获得更多盲文阅读资源。 7．第二段说明“a national competition aiming to nurture creative thinking by encouraging the young to solve social problems”，结合“鼓励青少年解决社会问题、培养创造性思维”的语境，nurture 意为“培养、发展”，与develop含义一致。 8．文章事件顺序为：② 市图书馆很多盲文书籍陈旧（开头）→③ 两人合作解决问题、发明阅读器（第二段）→④ 拜访盲校了解学生需求并改进产品（第四段）→① 接受《太原新闻》采访（第四段末尾）。 9．全文体现两人关心盲人需求（有爱心）、发明新型阅读器解决问题（有创造力），对应选项A“Feng and Meng are caring and creative”。 10．文章围绕两名青少年及其发明的盲文阅读器展开，选项D “Two Teenagers and Their Invention” 最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东珠海市文园中学·期末） Have you ever dreamed of flying cars? Today, they are becoming real through something called eVTOL. It stands for electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing machines. These are special flying cars that can go straight up and down. They don’t need long runways, but they need to run on batteries (电池) and they are much quieter than planes. China is doing well in making these flying cars. Some companies like EHang are playing a big part in it. EHang tested its flying cars in cities such as Guangzhou and Zhaoqing. Other Chinese companies like XPeng, are also working on their own flying cars. On February 27, 2024, in a testing flight, an eVTOL made by Shanghai Fengfei flew from Shenzhen to Zhuhai in just 20 minutes, covering 55 kilometers! It shows how important this kind of new car is for China’s future. Chinese cities are planning special landing spots for flying cars on the top of buildings. By 2026, we might see everyday eVTOL services in some Chinese cities. This could help to relax the heavy traffic on the ground and make travel faster and easier. However, there are still some problems. First, the batteries need to work longer so that the cars can fly farther. Also, just like we have traffic lights for cars on roads, we need ways to control flying cars in the sky. Right now, these flying cars are still very expensive. Engineers and scientists are working hard to solve these problems. Maybe soon, we will see these quiet flying cars in the skies above our cities! 11．How does the writer show China is doing well in making flying cars? A．By giving steps. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 12．Why does the passage mention EHang, XPeng and Shanghai Fengfei? A．Because the flying cars from these companies sell very well in China. B．Because the flying cars are of great importance for China’s future. C．Because these three companies are the best at fixing up flying cars. D．Because these three companies have many problems making flying cars. 13．What does the underlined word “spots” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．halls B．gardens C．stations D．pools 14．What’s the writer’s opinion about flying cars? A．Flying cars are bad for our environment. B．Today there is no need to make flying cars. C．We will not use flying cars because they are not safe. D．Though flying cars have problems, their future is bright. 15．Which is the best title for this passage? A．A New Way to Travel B．An Interesting Machine to Buy C．The Good Sides of Flying Cars D．The Problems eVTOL has 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了电动垂直起降飞行汽车（eVTOL）的发展现状及中国在该领域的突出进展，通过具体案例展示了其未来在缓解交通压力、提升出行效率方面的潜力，同时指出电池续航、空中交通管理和成本等挑战，并表达了对飞行汽车光明前景的积极展望。 11．推理判断题。根据“Some companies like EHang are playing a big part in it. EHang tested its flying cars in cities such as Guangzhou and Zhaoqing. Other Chinese companies like XPeng, are also working on their own flying cars. On February 27, 2024, in a testing flight, an eVTOL made by Shanghai Fengfei flew from Shenzhen to Zhuhai in just 20 minutes, covering 55 kilometers!”可知，作者通过列举EHang、XPeng、Shanghai Fengfei等中国企业的实际研发和测试案例来证明“中国在制造飞行汽车方面做得很好”。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据“Some companies like EHang are playing a big part in it. EHang tested its flying cars in cities such as Guangzhou and Zhaoqing. Other Chinese companies like XPeng, are also working on their own flying cars. On February 27, 2024, in a testing flight, an eVTOL made by Shanghai Fengfei flew from Shenzhen to Zhuhai in just 20 minutes, covering 55 kilometers! It shows how important this kind of new car is for China’s future.”可知，这句话直接出现在介绍完上述三家公司之后，是对前文举例的总结。也就是说，提到这些企业是为了说明：这类新型交通工具对中国未来发展具有重要意义。故选B。 13．词句猜测题。根据“Chinese cities are planning special landing spots for flying cars on the top of buildings.”可知，飞行汽车需要停靠、起飞的地方，尤其是在建筑物顶部设置的专用区域，这类似于交通系统中的“站点”。因此，spots与stations意思相近。故选C。 14．观点态度题。根据“However, there are still some problems. First, the batteries need to work longer so that the cars can fly farther. Also, just like we have traffic lights for cars on roads, we need ways to control flying cars in the sky. Right now, these flying cars are still very expensive. Engineers and scientists are working hard to solve these problems. Maybe soon, we will see these quiet flying cars in the skies above our cities!”可知，作者指出飞行汽车目前面临的三大挑战——电池续航不足、空中交通管理缺失和成本高昂，但强调科研人员正在积极解决，未来有望实现普及。说明作者承认当前存在挑战，但仍看好未来发展。故选D。 15．最佳标题题。全文核心内容围绕“eVTOL作为一种新型交通工具”的出现、技术特点、应用场景和发展前景展开。这些都指向它是一种未来的出行方式革新。选项A“一种新型的出行方式”作为标题最为合适。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东深圳市南山区南山外国语学校·期末） Frodo was a 20-year-old cat who loved to sleep in the sun. Although Frodo was old, he would still struggle (艰难地行进) up and down the stairs every day to get to the pool to enjoy the sun. But life has become a lot easier for the old cat now. Liam Thompson is a young inventor who loves cats. He found Frodo’s difficulties and decided to do something helpful. He spent four days building an elevator (电梯) that would allow Frodo to go up and down the stairs easily. He also shot a video to record the inventing process and posted it online. The video called I Built an Elevator for My Cat showed how Thompson made the elevator for Frodo. It was funny. The video made more than 900,000 people interested in the elevator. In his video, Thompson used a toy to test the elevator because he wanted to make sure it was safe for Frodo. Thompson asked his favourite cat, “Are you ready to go downstairs without moving a muscle? I hope you will be happy because it took me four days to complete the machine.” Frodo seemed relaxed in the elevator as it went to the bottom of the stairs. Frodo stayed in the elevator for a moment. He didn’t seem to know how to get off. But after a while, Frodo found out how to get out of the elevator. Thompson laughed excitedly as Frodo walked out of the elevator and made his way to the pool. Thompson’s invention was a great success. His love for his cat has won 1.87 million fans on the internet. After watching the video, many people felt amazed at his work and one said, “His invention for his pet is much safer than the ones he invents for himself. I think he is excellent.” 16．How does the writer start the story? A．By using a famous saying. B．By comparing two characters. C．By introducing a problem. D．By showing the ending. 17．Why did Thompson use a toy to test the elevator according to Paragraph 4? A．To win more fans on the internet. B．To make sure it was safe for Frodo. C．To make the elevator move quickly. D．To teach his friend to use the elevator. 18．What can we infer from Paragraph 5? A．Frodo knew how to use the elevator immediately. B．Frodo didn’t like the elevator built by Thompson at all. C．The elevator Thompson built for Frodo didn’t work well D．It might be easier for Frodo to get to the pool to enjoy the sun. 19．What’s the writer’s attitude towards Thompson’s invention? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 20．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (① refers to Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①②/③④⑤⑥ 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了20岁的猫咪Frodo因年老上下楼梯困难，年轻发明家Liam Thompson为其发明了一部电梯，还拍摄了发明过程视频发布到网上，该发明大获成功，赢得了众多粉丝的故事。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Although Frodo was old, he would still struggle (艰难地行进) up and down the stairs every day to get to the pool to enjoy the sun.”可知，作者通过介绍Frodo面临上下楼梯困难这一问题来开启故事。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In his video, Thompson used a toy to test the elevator because he wanted to make sure it was safe for Frodo.”可知，Thompson用玩具测试电梯是为了确保它对Frodo来说是安全的。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Frodo seemed relaxed in the elevator as it went to the bottom of the stairs...Thompson laughed excitedly as Frodo walked out of the elevator and made his way to the pool.”可知，Frodo乘坐电梯后能轻松走向泳池，由此可推断出它可能更容易到达泳池享受阳光了。故选D。 19．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“Thompson’s invention was a great success. His love for his cat has won 1.87 million fans on the internet.”以及人们对Thompson发明的评价可知，作者对Thompson的发明持积极态度。故选A。 20．篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍Frodo面临的问题，为故事背景引入；第二至五段讲述Thompson为Frodo发明电梯的过程以及Frodo使用电梯的情况；第六段总结Thompson的发明大获成功，赢得了众多粉丝。所以文章结构为①/②③④⑤/⑥。故选B。 主题02 人与自然——动物与植物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东湛江市实验中学·期末） ①Scientists have found that plants can make sounds. ②A scientist Lily Hadany and her team recorded tomato plants at different times. It showed that the plants made ultrasonic (超声波) sounds. Humans could only hear them with the help of a computer. They were noises like clicking (咔哒声) sounds. ③As the scientists studied the sounds, they began to find some interesting facts. Plants made different sounds at different times. They hardly clicked when they had enough water, but as the earth got drier, they clicked more and more. Scientists also found that plants made sounds when they got hurt. When scientists cut off a leaf from the plants, the plants also clicked more. But the clicking wasn’t the same as when the plants needed water. ④Some scientists trained a computer AI system to recognize (识别) the different kinds of clicking sounds. It was able to find the difference between plants that needed water and plants with cuts. It means that one day we may be able to use these sounds to figure out when it is in difficult time, and what problem it is having. That could be very helpful to farmers. ⑤The team’s finding changes our ideas about plants. As Dr. Hadany says, “Even in a quiet field, there are sounds made by plants, and those sounds carry information and may help us a lot.” 1．If you want to hear the sounds of plants, which of the following may you need? A．B． C． D． 2．How does the writer show the interesting facts in Paragraph ③? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By using numbers. 3．What does “figure out” mean in Paragraph ④? A．Think about. B．Put out. C．Find out. D．Care about. 4．What can people do with the help of the team’s finding? A．Hear more beautiful sounds from different plants. B．Know how to recognize different sounds faster. C．Help farmers to know more about their plants. D．Stop people from cutting down trees. 5．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B．C．D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家发现植物能够发出声音，并进行分析，并由此训练了一个AI智能系统来识别不同种类的声音，这对农民是很有帮助的。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Humans could only hear them with the help of a computer.”可知，人们想要听到植物的声音，需要通过电脑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As the scientists studied the sounds, they began to find some interesting facts …”可知，作者通过举例说明方法，说明一些有意思的事实。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“… when it is in difficult time, and what problem it is having”可知，此处表示我们可能能够通过这些声音来发现它什么时候处于困难时期，以及它遇到了什么问题，短语“figure out”指的是“弄清楚”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Even in a quiet field, there are sounds made by plants, and those sounds carry information and may help us a lot”可知，植物的声音可以帮助我们更多的了解植物。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。第一段总体指出植物能发出声音；根据“A scientist Lily Hadany and her team recorded tomato plants at different times.”、“As the scientists studied the sounds, they began to find some interesting facts.”、“Some scientists trained a computer AI system to recognize (识别) the different kinds of clicking sounds.”及“The team’s finding changes our ideas about plants.”可知，第二、三、四段说的是科学家们对此观点进行了不同的论证，第五段讲研究的意义，属于总分总结构。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市顺德一中·期末） Think about this: you sit down and begin to eat a tomato. Suddenly, the tomato starts to shout! Don’t worry! This thing would never really happen. But a new study showed that plants make sounds when they are stressed (有压力的). “Plants make sounds to communicate with insects and other animals all the time,” said Lilach Hadany, the researcher of the study, “but those sounds are undetectable to humans’ ears.” With this in mind, the team started the research by recording the plants’ sounds. First, the team developed a smart machine that can record and translate the sounds of plants. Then they divided plants into three groups: one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the last group was untouched. The result showed that untouched plants stayed quiet, but in other two groups, these plants made sounds up to 40 clicks every hour.More interestingly, thirsty plants made louder and louder sounds at the beginning, with the loudest sounds when they were very thirsty, then lower as they died. This result helps us better understand how plants manage stress and how they communicate with the world around them. It can also help farmers to tell which plant is thirsty, which one is hurt or which one is healthy, so that they can water them in time or protect them from disease. Scientists are still working on inventing machines to help farmers to understand their plants better. They also wonder if the plants make sounds because of other reasons. 6．How does the writer start the passage? A．By explaining the sounds of a tomato. B．By comparing the sounds of two tomatoes. C．By telling a fact about a shouting tomato. D．By introducing an idea about a shouting tomato. 7．What does the underlined word “undetectable” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Unacceptable. B．Unchangeable. C．Uncomfortable. D．Unnoticeable. 8．Which is most like the sound wave of the thirsty plant? (s=sound wave t=time) A．B．C．D． 9．What is the scientists’ future plan? A．To buy new machines to help farmers. B．To study further why plants make sound. C．To make plants grow faster by playing sound. D．To record sounds from different kinds of plants. 10．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Secret Sounds of Plants B．Machines That Talk to Plants C．How Plants Grow in Sound D．Secret Conversation in Nature 【答案】6．D 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 6．推理判断题。根据“Think about this: you sit down and begin to eat a tomato. Suddenly, the tomato starts to shout!”可知，作者是通过引入一个关于喊叫的西红柿的想法开始这篇文章的。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据“Plants make sounds to communicate with insects and other animals all the time... but those sounds are undetectable to human’s ears.”可知，植物能发出声音与昆虫和其他动物交流，但是这些声音是人的耳朵无法察觉到的。因此此处undetectable与选项D“unnoticeable(难以察觉的)”意思相近。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据“More interestingly, thirsty plants made louder and louder sounds at the beginning, with the loudest sounds when they were very thirsty, then lower as they died.”可知，口渴的植物在开始时发出越来越大的声音，当它们非常口渴时声音最大，然后随着它们的死亡声音变小。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据“They also wonder if the plants make sounds because of other reasons.”可知，他们还想知道植物发出声音是否是因为其他原因。故选B。 10．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东黄埔区华附学校·期末） If you own a dog, you’ve probably seen it yawn (打哈欠) a lot. Dog yawning is cute, but why do dogs yawn? Dogs yawn mainly when they are tired, though scientists still haven’t fully understood why yawning happens. “Yawning helps relax face muscles (肌肉) and wake up tired dogs,” says Dr. Katy Nelson, a doctor of an animal hospital. At the same time, yawning increases blood flow in the head, neck, and face. By sending more oxygen to the brain, yawning helps keep a clearer mind. Dogs also yawn when they are worried, scared or excited. When two dogs meet in the street and one of them yawns, that is a friendly greeting signal (信号). It is sent to show the other dog that “I want to make friends with you”. In this case, yawning is much the same as a handshake of humans. Dogs’ yawning can mean other things as well, like good relationships between dogs and their owners. Some studies have shown that dogs can “catch” yawns from people who they feel close to. That is to say, when the owners yawn, the dogs will yawn, too. Finding out why dogs’ yawning can help us understand their body conditions and feelings so that we can take better care of them. 11．According to Paragraph 2, what is good about dogs’ yawning? A．It helps dogs feel less worried or scared. B．It wakes up dogs naturally in the morning. C．It produces oxygen to help the brain work. D．It relaxes muscles and increases blood flow. 12．What does “It” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Another dog. B．A handshake. C．Greeting signal. D．The dogs’ feelings. 13．Which “catch” below means the same as the one in Paragraph 4? A．The dog tried to catch the ball but failed. B．I run quickly to catch the bus with my dog. C．My dogs catch my feelings and also become excited. D．The owners catch the dog digging holes in the garden. 14．Which is the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．C 14．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍狗狗打哈欠的原因及意义。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yawning helps relax face muscles (肌肉) and wake up tired dogs,”以及“yawning increases blood flow in the head, neck, and face.”可知，狗打哈欠的好处是能放松肌肉并增加血流量。故选D。 12．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“that is a friendly greeting signal (信号). It is sent to show the other dog that ‘I want to make friends with you’.”可知，这里的“It”指代前文提到的“a friendly greeting signal”，即这种友好的问候信号被用来向另一只狗表示想交朋友。故选C。 13．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Some studies have shown that dogs can ‘catch’ yawns from people who they feel close to.”可知，“catch”意为“感染，模仿”，指狗会模仿亲近的人的哈欠。C选项“我的狗能察觉到我的情绪，也会变得兴奋”符合题意，“catch”同样表示“感受到，受影响而模仿”，与原文意思一致。故选C。 14．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出问题“why do dogs yawn?” (为什么狗会打哈欠?)；第二、三、四段分别从狗疲劳时、情绪波动时以及与主人的关系等方面阐述狗打哈欠的原因；最后一段说明了解狗打哈欠的原因的意义。结构为“总—分—总”。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东东莞市东莞中学松山湖学校·期末） World Animal Day falls on October 4th every year. It started in 1931 to encourage everyone on our planet to care about animals. However, many wild animals are facing great danger. Some are even dying out and we can’t see them anymore. Recently, China has done a lot to improve the living condition of endangered wild animals. The protection of Asian elephants is a good example. Asian elephants in China are mostly found in Yunnan Province. These animals have become endangered because some people are killing them for their ivories. The government has been trying to protect them. For example, elephants’ ivory business is not allowed. This can greatly stop hunting elephants. Another example is the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚). Because of over-fishing and water pollution, the number of the Yangtze finless porpoise was just 1,012 in 2018. That number was smaller than that of giant pandas. In 2020, the government introduced a 10-year fishing ban (禁令). This action is very useful and now people can see a group of Yangtze finless porpoises jump and play in the Yangtze River. With World Animal Day drawing near, we all can think of more ways to better protect our wild friends. As we live with all the living things together, we can truly make a difference to all animals. 15．What’s the purpose (目的) of World Animal Day? A．To introduce wild animals to the public. B．To encourage us to care about wild animals. C．To collect information about wild animals. D．To count the population of wild animals. 16．What does the underlined word “hunting” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Living. B．Feeding. C．Killing. D．Protecting. 17．What can we learn about Yangtze finless porpoises from Paragraph 3? A．Their number was 1,012 in 2020. B．Their number was larger than that of giant pandas in 2018. C．They were in danger because of over-fishing and illnesses. D．Their number is bigger now because the government introduced a fishing ban. 18．What is the structure (结构) of this passage? (P-paragraph 段落) A．B． C． D． 19．What is the best title of the passage? A．Let’s Save Elephants B．Yangtze Finless Porpoises Are In Danger C．World Animal Day Is Coming D．Let’s Protect Wild Friends 【答案】15．B 16．C 17．D 18．C 19．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界动物日的起源和目的，以及中国政府为保护濒危动物所做的努力和措施。 15．细节理解题。根据“It started in 1931 to encourage everyone on our planet to care about animals.”可知，世界动物日的设立是为了鼓励人们关心动物，故选B。 16．词句猜测题。根据“For example, elephants’ ivory business is not allowed. This can greatly stop hunting elephants.”并结合选项可知，大象的象牙生意是不允许的，目的应是阻止猎杀大象。因此“hunting”意思是“猎杀”。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据“the number of the Yangtze finless porpoise was just 1,012 in 2018... In 2020, the government introduced a 10-year fishing ban (禁令). This action is very useful and now people can see a group of Yangtze finless porpoises jump and play in the Yangtze River.” 可知，2018年长江江豚的数量仅为1012头；2020年，政府出台了为期10年的捕鱼禁令，现在人们可以看到一群江豚在长江里跳跃和玩耍。由此可知，长江江豚的数量因为政府的禁渔令而增加，故选D。 18．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍世界动物日及其设立的原因，第二段和第三段分别举例说明中国在保护濒危动物方面的努力，第四段总结并呼吁大家保护动物。故选C。 19．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了世界动物日的起源和目的，以及中国政府为保护濒危动物所做的努力和措施。因此“让我们保护野生的朋友”可作为最佳标题。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——食物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东省清远市英德中学·期末） Food Festivals in China Food festivals are great ways to enjoy delicious food and learn about cities’ culture. Here are some famous ones in China. Chongqing Hot Pot Festival In April and May, Chongqing is full of hot pot. People sit by the river and eat spicy (辛辣的) hot pot with beef tripe (毛肚) and Chongqing Noodles. People living here usually say, “If you don’t cry from the heat, you haven’t been to Chongqing!” Chengdu Spring Food Festival From March to May, Chengdu has a slow food festival. Walk in Kuanzhai Street and eat Chuanchuanxiang and Zhong Noodles. It’s relaxing to sit in a tea house, drink a cup of tea and listen to stories. Xi’an Muslim Street Food Festival In May and June, walking in Xi’an’s Muslim Street is like traveling back to the Tang Dynasty. When enjoying people making Yangroupaomo under old lanterns, you can feel the long history of the city. Xiamen Seafood Festival From April to June, Xiamen has lots of fresh seafood. On Gulangyu Island, try Shacha Noodles and seafood. The wind from the sea makes the food taste even better. These festivals let us taste not just food, but also the heart of each city. Come and join them! 1．What can you enjoy at Chongqing Hot Pot Festival? A．Spicy hot pot by the river. B．Sweet noodles in the city. C．Stories in tea houses. D．Fresh seafood on the beach. 2．When is the best time to visit Chengdu Spring Food Festival? A．February. B．April. C．June. D．August. 3．What makes Xi’an Muslim Street Food Festival special? A．Feel the history of the Tang Dynasty. B．Fast food making. C．Modern buildings. D．Sea food. 4．How many festivals mention (提到) noodles? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 5．Where can you read this text? A．A science book. B．A history report. C．A travel magazine. D．A math textbook. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国的四个美食节，包括重庆火锅节、成都春季美食节、西安回民街美食节和厦门海鲜节，阐述了各美食节的举办时间、特色美食及相关体验。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“In April and May, Chongqing is full of hot pot. People sit by the river and eat spicy (辛辣的) hot pot with beef tripe (毛肚) and Chongqing Noodles.”可知，在重庆火锅节能在河边享用辛辣火锅，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“From March to May, Chengdu has a slow food festival.”可知，参观成都春季美食节的最佳时间在三月到五月之间，四月符合，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“In May and June, walking in Xi’an’s Muslim Street is like traveling back to the Tang Dynasty. When enjoying people making Yangroupaomo under old lanterns, you can feel the long history of the city.”可知，西安回民街美食节的特别之处在于能感受唐朝的历史，故选A。 4．细节理解题 。根据“Chongqing Noodles…Zhong Noodles…Shacha Noodles”可知，文中提到重庆小面，钟面，沙茶面，共三个美食节提到面条，故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章围绕中国各地美食节展开，根据文中对美食节的介绍内容，可推测能在旅游杂志读到，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东东莞市东华初级中学·期末） You may have experienced the feeling. Your mouth feels like it is on fire. Your eyes start to water. You just ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper (辣椒)！ Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in dishes around the world. They are in dishes like Indian curries (咖喱), Thai tom yum soup (冬阴功), and Mexican enchiladas (卷饼). Chilies are fiery because they contain something called capsaicin (辣椒素). Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better, and it may even help keep you fit. Capsaicin makes you feel less hungry. It also makes your body burn more fat. Eating chilies can be uncomfortable, but some people love to eat them. Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a woman from India, became famous for eating chilies. She ate 51 hot peppers in just two minutes! The peppers were Naga Jolokia (ghost peppers). They grow in India and are one of the hottest chilies in the world. “I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,” said Tamuly. She began eating chilies when she was a child. She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well too. “Every time I have a cold or flu, I just eat some chilies and I feel better. To be honest, I hardly notice them now.” 6．What does the underlined word “fiery” mean? A．Sweet. B．Salty. C．Fresh. D．Hot. 7．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To advise us not to eat too many chilies. B．To show chilies are the hottest food. C．To explain how chilies are good for us. D．To explain why eating chilies is uncomfortable. 8．Which of the following is NOT true about Anandita Dutta Tamuly? A．She thought eating chilies was good for health. B．She started eating chilies when she was a child. C．She became famous for eating Chinese chilies. D．She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well. 9．What’s the structure of this text? (① = Paragraph 1…) A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．The kinds of hot chili peppers. B．The ways of planting hot chili peppers. C．The reasons why people don’t like chili peppers. D．The taste and health benefits (好处) of chili peppers. 【答案】6．D 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍辣椒的辛辣特点、食用后的生理感受、健康益处，以及印度女子爱吃辣椒的事例，展现辣椒的独特价值。 6．词句猜测题。根据“You just ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper!”及第二段“Chilies are fiery because they contain something called capsaicin”可知，“fiery”意为“辣的”，故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据“Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better…burn more fat”可知，该段解释辣椒对健康的益处，故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“Anandita Dutta Tamuly... became famous for eating chilies”及“The peppers were Naga Joloka (ghost peppers). They grow in India”可知，她因吃印度辣椒出名，而非中国辣椒，故选C。 9．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章结构为：①用吃辣椒的感受引出说明对象；②③段介绍辣椒的分布、辛辣原因和健康益处；④⑤以Anandita为例说明吃辣椒的习惯及益处→即①/②③/④⑤，故选D。 10．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，本文先描述辣椒的辛辣口感，再介绍其健康益处，还列举了相关事例，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市黄埔区第八十六中学·期末） Do you miss the great snacks you had when you were a kid? Do they help you remember your happy childhood? Sugar Figures In the old days, there were always some people making sugar figures at the school gate. The maker would take a little maltose (麦芽糖) with a small spoon and draw a figure such as the Monkey King and the White Dragon. It was not expensive, only 1 yuan for each. Bubble Gum Almost every kid loves bubble gum and kids often got together to see who got the largest bubble. I still remember my cousin once blew a big bubble and then it broke! Her face was covered with gum. It was cheap. I could get two for 1 yuan. Baby Face Ice cream It tastes delicious but a little expensive. I remember the price was 2 yuan for each piece which was not easy for me to buy those days. Each time I got one, the happiness would last for several days. Tangguar Tangguar is often found in northern China and offered during the days just before the Spring Festival. It’s delicious and cheap, and you could get five pieces for 1yuan. My friends and I often shared Tangguar with each other in the past. 11．If you had 3 yuan, you could buy ________ pieces of Tangguar. A．5 B．10 C．15 D．20 12．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．you can buy Tangguar at any time B．people made sugar figures only for boys C．children usually enjoyed blowing bubbles together D．the writer had a lot of baby face ice cream in the past 13．The purpose(目的)of the passage is ________. A．to introduce some childhood snacks B．to tell some funny stories C．to remember the poor childhood D．to sell some popular snacks 【答案】11．C 12．C 13．A 【导语】本文介绍了糖人、泡泡糖、糖瓜等童年零食的价格、吃法及相关回忆，展现了童年时期的饮食乐趣。 11．细节理解题。根据“Tangguar”部分中的“you could get five pieces for 1 yuan”可知，1元可买5块，3元可以买15块。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“Almost every kid loves bubble gum and kids often got together to see who got the largest bubble.”可知，孩子们经常聚在一起吹泡泡，看谁吹的泡泡最大。故选C。 13．主旨大意题。根据“Do you miss the great snacks you had when you were a kid?”及通读全文可知，本文介绍了糖人、泡泡糖、糖瓜等童年零食的价格、吃法及相关回忆。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市越秀区第七中学·期末） More than 2.25 billion cups of coffee are drunk across the world each day, and it’s likely that many taste bitter (苦的). Now, a new study suggests that coffee fans can make their drinks taste sweeter by simply changing the color of their cups. Scientists say that blue and glass cups, which are popular in some coffee shops, make the coffee less bitter, without any need for sugar. Researchers prove (证明) that coffee drunk from a white cup tastes bitter. They used 36 volunteers and three different colored cups—blue, white and transparent (透明的) glass to prove that. In the first experiment, the white cups made the coffee more bitter. Then, in the second experiment, coffee drunk from the white cup was found to taste less sweet when compared to the other colored cups, while the blue cup made the coffee taste the sweetest. “Our study clearly shows that the color of a cup does influence (影响) the taste of coffee” Dr George Doom of Federation University Australia wrote in an article for The Conversation. “The influence of the color of the cup on the taste of coffee reported here suggests that coffee shop owners should carefully think about the color of their cups,” he said. 14．What does the first paragraph mainly want to tell us? A．Much coffee in the world is bitter. B．Millions of people drink coffee around the world. C．Changing the color of the cup can make coffee taste sweeter. D．Changing the color of the cup can make coffee taste more delicious. 15．What kind of cups should you use if you want to make your coffee taste sweetest? A．The white cup. B．The yellow cup. C．The blue cup. D．The glass cup 16．According to the study, what can we learn? A．White cups can make the coffee less bitter. B．The color of the cup has an influence on the taste of coffee. C．Two more experiments are mentioned. D．Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are drunk in the world every day. 17．What can we know about Dr George Doom according to the passage? A．He is a businessman. B．He wrote this passage. C．He is a coffee shop owner. D．He was a member of the study. 【答案】14．C 15．C 16．B 17．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了一项研究表明杯子颜色会影响咖啡口感，其中蓝色杯子让咖啡最甜、白色杯子使咖啡更苦，建议咖啡店老板重视杯子颜色选择。 14．推理判断题。根据“Now, a new study suggests that coffee fans can make their drinks taste sweeter by simply changing the color of their cups.”可知，第一段主要想告诉我们改变杯子的颜色可以让咖啡尝起来更甜。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据“while the blue cup made the coffee taste the sweetest”可知，若想让咖啡尝起来最甜，应该用蓝色杯子。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据“Our study clearly shows that the color of a cup does influence the taste of coffee”可知，杯子的颜色会影响咖啡的味道。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“Dr George Doom of Federation University Australia wrote in an article for The Conversation”及“the influence of the color of the cup on the taste of coffee reported here suggests that...”可知，Dr George Doom是该研究的成员。故选D。 主题01 人与自我——方法与策略 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东省东莞市可园中学·期末） Do you know how to clean rooms or grow plants? Can you cook by yourself? These will all be part of Chinese education later. The government made a new standard (标准) for labor education to make Chinese students’ lives colorful and build their independent character through labor. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class a week to do different kinds of chores and learn different life skills. Middle school students need to learn the following skills: Everyday Chores Students from the seventh to ninth grade have to clean up their rooms and classrooms. They also need to cook some dishes. What’s more, they should learn to look after and restore home machines. For example, if the washing machine is broken, they should know some simple skills to make it work well. Creative (创造性的) Labor Middle school students have to take part in local labor, such as planting, fishing and paper-making. Making one or two kinds of traditional handmade things is in the standard, too. Service Labor It’s middle school students’ duty to do one or two kinds of volunteer work. They can take part in modern service labor. The standard also calls on families to take part in students’ labor education in order to help students be more independent. So let us develop labor abilities and spirits from now on! 1．Why did the government make the new standard? A．To make students study harder. B．To develop China’s labor education. C．To make students learn to do housework. D．To let students live colorfully and be independent. 2．What does the underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Repair. B．Buy. C．Clean. D．Choose. 3．Which of the following is creative labor? A．Tidying up a room. B．Planting some trees. C．Doing the dishes. D．Putting shared bikes in order. 4．How can we achieve (实现) the goals of labor education? A．By building many schools. B．By improving the new standard. C．By making students do more chores. D．By letting parents teach children life skills. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．A Helpful Standard for Students B．The History of Labor Education C．The Wonderful Life of Middle School Students D．The After-school Activities of Middle School Students 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【分析】本文介绍中国劳动教育新标准的具体内容和目标，包括日常家务、创造性劳动、服务性劳动三个维度，强调通过家校合作培养学生独立品格。 1．细节理解题。根据“The government made a new standard for labor education to make Chinese students’ lives colorful and build their independent character through labor.”可知，政府制定新标准的原因是为了使中国学生的生活丰富多彩，并通过劳动培养他们的独立人格。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据后面的举例“For example, if the washing machine is broken, they should know some simple skills to make it work well.”可知，这里的restore意为“修理”，与A选项Repair“修理”意义相同。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Creative Labor”中“Middle school students have to take part in local labor, such as planting, fishing and paper-making. Making one or two kinds of traditional handmade things is in the standard, too.”可知，选项B“种树”属于创造性劳动。故答案为B。 4．推理判断题。根据“The standard also calls on families to take part in students’ labor education in order to help students be more independent.”可知，该标准还呼吁家庭参与学生的劳动教育，以帮助学生更加独立。所以，选项D“让家长在家教授孩子生活技能”符合题意。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文围绕'劳动教育新标准'展开，详细说明其内容、分类和实施方式等。选项A“一个对学生有益的标准”符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东惠州市南山学校·期末） Do you ever feel worried about school? Many students experience stress (压力) when they have too much homework, tests, or feel difficult to get high marks. This is called school stress, and it’s really normal! Let’s talk about why it happens and how to manage it. It’s common to have school stress. Some students feel stressed because of high hopes from others. For example, parents or teachers might want them to get perfect grades, making students feel they are never doing well enough. Others feel stressed from comparing themselves to classmates. When they see others doing better, it seems like that they need to keep up all the time. Perfectionism (完美主义) is also another reason. Wanting to be the best at everything is great, but it can also make you feel stressed when things aren’t perfect. In some ways, stress can be helpful. It can help you work harder. However, too much stress can cause negative feelings, such as worry, sadness and nervousness. For example, you will have trouble focusing or remembering what you studied. It may cause kinds of headaches, tiredness, or trouble sleeping. What’s worse, you may feel like you don’t enjoy learning anymore. If school stress has caused you trouble, here are some simple ways to feel better. The good news is that there are easy things you can do to reduce stress. First, break it down. Instead of trying to study everything at once, make a simple plan. Study for 30 minutes, then take a short break. Second, sleep well. Your brain needs rest! Try to get 8 hours of sleep each night to feel refreshed. Third, have fun. Playing sports, drawing, or listening to music can help you relax and forget about stress for a while. Please remember, it’s okay not to be perfect! Doing your best is what really matters. 6．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．How to get better grades B．What school stress is C．Why students need sleep D．When tests should happen 7．Which is a cause of school stress? A．High hope from parents B．Wanting to be perfect C．Comparing with classmates D．All of the above 8．What does the underlined word “negative” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Deep B．Terrible C．Warm D．Strange 9．How many ways are mentioned to help reduce stress? A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five 10．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to Always Get Stress B．Why Teachers Give Tests C．School Stress: Causes and Cures D．The History of School Stress 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了学业压力的成因，以及如何应对学业压力。 6．主旨大意题。根据“This is called school stress, and it’s really normal!”可知，第一段主要介绍了什么是学业压力。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“Some students feel stressed because of high hopes from others.”、“ Others feel stressed from comparing themselves to classmates.”和“Perfectionism is also another reason.”可知，学业压力的原因有：别人很高的期望、与同学比较以及想要变得完美。故选D。 8．词句猜测题。根据“However, too much stress can cause negative feelings, such as worry, sadness and nervousness.”可知，这里的negative feelings是指如担忧、悲伤和紧张这样的负面情绪，所以划线单词negative的意思是“负面的、消极的”，与terrible“可怕的、糟糕的”最为接近。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“First, break it down.”、“Second, sleep well.”以及“Third, have fun.”可知，一共提到了三种方法。故选B。 10．最佳标题题。根据“This is called school stress, and it’s really normal! Let’s talk about why it happens and how to manage it.”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了学业压力的成因，以及如何应对学业压力。所以，C选项“学业压力：原因和治疗”符合题意。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东东莞翰林实验学校·期末） Have you heard of (听说) dazi? Have you ever found a dazi? These days, finding a dazi is becoming popular with Chinese young people. A dazi is a person we eat with, study with, exercise with or take a trip with, but we haven’t known him or her before. The dazi culture is about finding the right person to do the right activity with. Xiaoyue, a young woman from Ningxia, has met many dazi because of her love for basketball and biking. Having a dazi not only gives her company (陪伴) but also helps her enjoy sports more. These dazi relationships are very different from close friendships. As for close friends, we need to stay in close contact. With a dazi, you don’t have to do so. Many dazi may not meet again after a trip or a game together. So, many people believe having a dazi makes their social life easier and more comfortable. Finding a dazi shows that Chinese young people want clearer boundaries (界限) in their social relationships. Dazi will not talk or ask a lot about their personal lives. And they hope these relationships can let them share their hobbies and interests, or that they can help them to improve themselves. Although finding a dazi has many good points, we should be careful and put our safety first. 11．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving numbers. D．By giving an example. 12．How might Xiaoyue describe having a dazi? A．Serious. B．Difficult. C．Enjoyable. D．Meaningless. 13．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having a social life. B．Playing games together. C．Staying in close contact. D．Talking about personal life. 14．Why do Chinese young people like to find a dazi? ①To improve themselves. ②To share their hobbies and interests. ③To save time and money. ④To have boundaries in their social relationships. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 15．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Some stories of dazi B．How we find a dazi C．Dazi: special close friends D．Dazi: a new popular culture 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文介绍了“搭子”这一新兴的文化现象，解释了其定义、与亲密友谊的区别、受年轻人欢迎的原因以及相关注意事项。 11．细节理解题。根据“Have you heard of dazi? Have you ever found a dazi?”两个问题开头，通过提问引出主题。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Having a dazi not only gives her company but also helps her enjoy sports more.”可知，小月认为搭子带来陪伴且让她更享受运动，Enjoyable符合语境。故选C。 13．词句猜测题。根据前文“As for close friends, we need to stay in close contact.”可知，so指代 “保持密切联系”，搭子无需如此。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“want clearer boundaries in their social relationships” ，“share their hobbies and interests”， “help them to improve themselves”可知，①②④正确，文中未提及“节省时间和金钱”。故选B。 15．最佳标题题。文章围绕“搭子”文化的定义、特点及影响展开，强调其作为流行文化现象的属性，选项D“搭子：一种新兴流行文化”最能概括全文。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市第二中学·期末） ①Some people can manage any journey with no guide but their “pigeon (鸽子) sense”. How do they do it? And can this ability be learned? In fact, the latest science research suggests that there are plenty of ways for common people to improve their sense of direction. ②People’s sense of direction is influenced by many different factors. Childhood environment shapes people’s comfort and confidence in finding ways. Allowing kids to have the chance to move independently around different places is very important. “Experiments suggest that passive (被动的) movement is not that good because you don’t usually pay attention,” says Nora, a psychological scientist. People who grew up outside cities, or in very large cities, also appear to have better sense of direction when they become adults. “We have found that even as adults, people who move around their environment more widely have better senses of direction,” says Nora. ③In many ancient societies, girls and women had fewer chances to go out to find directions while men went hunting in the rainforest. So women are more likely to consider that they are born with worse sense of direction although studies show that gender (性别) differences don’t influence their performance in finding ways. ④__________ “One is that you think you cannot improve the sense of direction,” Nora says. While adults’ brains are different from children’s in some ways, adults can still learn to do that. Nora is also worried because people think that the sense of direction is of no use in the time of GPS. “But what if phone batteries die or systems make mistakes, like driving into water on the advice of their GPS.” Nora pointed out. ⑤In fact, people can train their sense of direction by better noticing environmental cues. “People can pay attention to things around them, like the wind, the sun or even a tree, whether they’re in the city or the countryside.” Nora says. “It is difficult to provide common ways to improve the sense of direction because of people’s cultural differences. But in general, the more you move, especially in ways that are kind of challenging, the better senses of direction you will develop,” Nora says. ⑥Besides, getting a proper amount of sleep may help too. One global study found that for people aged 54 and older, sleeping seven hours a night leads to the best performance in a way-finding game. ⑦So although not everyone is born with “pigeon sense”, the good news is that everyone can continue to develop the skill over a lifetime. 16．Which of the following in the dictionary can best explain the underline word “cues” in Paragraph 5? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ cue        n. cues         v. cueing; cuing; cued ① a signal (信号) that helps to solve a problem. ② a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do sth. ③ a long wooden stick used for hitting the ball in the games ④ to give sb. a signal so they know when to start doing sth. 17．Which sentence can be put in__________? A．People have discovered some useful facts of sense of direction. B．People have many misunderstandings about the sense of direction. C．People haven’t worked out some mysteries of the sense of direction. D．People have thought of some ways to develop the sense of direction. 18．What can we infer from the passage? A．Women have worse sense of direction than men. B．Adults can still improve sense of direction. C．Active movement can lead to better sense of direction. D．Sense of direction influences one’s sleep amount. 19．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? （①=Paragraph 1; ②=Paragraph 2…） A． B． C． D． 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．C 19．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了方向感的影响因素以及如何提高方向感。文章通过科学研究和个人经验，探讨了方向感的形成、性别差异、以及通过环境线索和睡眠来提高方向感的方法。 16．词句猜测题。根据文章第5段“People can pay attention to things around them, like the wind, the sun or even a tree, whether they’re in the city or the countryside.”可知，“cues”指的是帮助解决问题的信号。根据词典解释，“a signal that helps to solve a problem”与文章中的描述相符。故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“One is that you think you cannot improve the sense of direction,”以及“Nora is also worried because people think that the sense of direction is of no use in the time of GPS.”可知，人们对方向感存在误解。因此，填入的句子应与误解相关。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“Experiments suggest that passive movement is not that good because you don’t usually pay attention”以及“People who grew up outside cities, or in very large cities, also appear to have better sense of direction when they become adults.”可以推断，主动运动有助于提高方向感。选项C“主动运动可以带来更好的方向感。”与文章内容一致。故选C。 19．篇章结构题。本文结构如下：第一段段引入话题；二三段讲影响方向感的原因 (环境、性别等)；第四段谈对方向感的常见误解；五六段介绍提高方向感的方法；第七段总结。与选项B的分层示意图相符。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东深圳市福田区红岭中学·期末） Hundreds of foreign plants and animals are secretly entering China inside delivery boxes and hiding in city parks. About 660 such species now cause a loss of 200 billion yuan every year. Shenzhen Customs is fighting back with special machines after finding 17.5% more invaders (入侵者) in early 2025 than the year before. These “eco-invaders” push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests. One water plant grows so fast that it can cover a whole lake in just six days, making fish die from lack of air. Equally dangerous are fire ants, which have spread to 12 provinces in 20 years. These insects not only hurt people with painful stings (蜇刺) but also ruin crops across wide areas. The invaders sneak in (潜行) through clever hiding ways. Wood brought from other countries often carries tiny worms that kill pine trees within 40 days. Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild. Customs officers recently discovered new hiding tricks, such as large ants carried inside toy boxes and shoes during border checks. To stop these invaders, customs now uses smart machines called “AI X-ray scanners” that can see inside packages. These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before. At the same time, scientists are using special insects that eat harmful foreign weeds, creating nature’s own army against invaders. While customs officers work hard, ordinary people must also join the fight. Citizens should never set free foreign pets like red-eared turtles in nature, avoid buying strange animals or plants online, and immediately report any unknown fast-spreading species. “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment,” said a Shenzhen Customs officer after finding dangerous species in international mail. As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology with public awareness remains China’s strongest shield (防护物) in this unseen war for our environment. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe different types of foreign pets. B．To discuss the history of fire ants in China. C．To explain how Shenzhen Customs uses technology. D．To warn about harmful foreign species and protection methods. 2．What does the phrase “push out” in Paragraph 2 most likely means? A．endanger B．protect C．observe D．warn 3．How do some foreign species enter China? A．By flying freely across national borders. B．Through online shopping made by scientific researchers. C．Through being imported before escaping into nature. D．As passengers on airplanes inspected by customs officers. 4．What result did the “AI X-ray scanners” achieve? A．They help officers detect 25% more hidden species. B．They trained insects to eat harmful foreign weeds. C．They reduced border checks by about 25%. D．They discovered 660 entirely new species. 5．Why does the customs officer state “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment”? A．Because captured animals are sold to zoos to support environmental projects. B．To emphasize that preventing biological invasions protects ecological balance. C．To encourage citizens to keep foreign pets instead of buying local animals. D．To show that technology cannot work without international cooperation. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文揭示了外来物种通过多种渠道入侵中国造成的生态威胁，并介绍了海关利用AI扫描仪等科技手段联合公众共同防御的措措施。 【详解】1．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了外来物种入侵中国的危害、入侵途径及防治措施，因此选项D最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“These ‘eco-invaders’ push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests.”可知“push out”与后面的“harm”含义相近，意为“危害、威胁”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild.”可知，部分外来物种是通过合法引进后逃逸到野外的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before.”可知，AI扫描仪帮助海关多发现了25%的隐蔽物种。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology…in this unseen war for our environment.”及全文关于外来物种危害的论述，可知海关官员的话意在强调拦截有害生物有助于保护生态环境平衡。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东揭阳第一中学·期末） People know animals have feelings, but can we understand them? In order to find out, scientists studied dogs’ tails (尾巴). ________ It says that humans can tell if a dog is happy or sad by watching its tail. First of all, the researchers showed dogs different things. Sometimes they gave the dogs their favorite toys or food. Sometimes there was nothing. When dogs saw something they liked, they wagged (摇动) their tails fast and high. When there was nothing, their tails moved slowly and low. During the whole process, the scientists used a camera to record these movements. Then the researchers showed 10 videos of dog tail movements to 100 volunteers. Half of the videos showed happy tails, and the other half showed sad tails. About 70% of the volunteers correctly guessed the dogs’ true feelings, although some of them had never kept a dog before. The result shows humans can naturally understand dogs’ feelings through their tails. Scientists hope that the study will help people take better care of pets. Now, some are working on a special machine (机器) to detect dogs’ feelings automatically. This could make dogs’ lives happier. 6．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 1? A．Dogs don’t like humans. B．Nobody knows how dogs feel. C．A new study gives an answer. D．Scientists love dogs very much. 7．Which of the following shows a happy dog’s tail movement? A． B． C． D． 8．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By playing with dogs. B．By taking photos. C．By feeding the dogs. D．By watching dog tail videos. 9．What does the underlined word “detect” mean in Paragraph 4? A．create B．find C．change D．forget 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．Happy Tails, Sad Tails B．Dogs and Their Toys C．A New Machine for Dogs D．Scientists and Volunteers 【答案】6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述科学家通过研究表明，人类可通过观察狗尾巴判断其是开心还是难过。实验中，志愿者观看狗尾巴运动的视频来猜测狗的情绪，结果显示约70% 的志愿者能正确判断。科学家希望该研究能帮助人们更好照顾宠物，现在还在研发能自动检测狗情绪的机器，让狗生活更快乐。 6．词句猜测题。根据“People know animals have feelings, but can we understand them? In order to find out, scientists studied dogs’ tails (尾巴). … It says that humans can tell if a dog is happy or sad by watching its tail.”可知，前文提出能否理解动物情感的问题，后文说研究给出答案。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据“When dogs saw something they liked, they wagged (摇动) their tails fast and high.”可知，当狗看见喜欢的东西时，会快速且高高摇动。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据“the researchers showed 10 videos of dog tail movements to 100 volunteers ... guessed the dogs’ true feelings”可知，通过观看狗尾巴视频。故选D。 9．词句猜测题。根据“a special machine (机器) to detect dogs’ feelings automatically”可知，这里表示机器会自动检测狗的情绪。与find意思接近。故选B。 10．最佳标题题。通读原文可知，全文围绕狗开心和难过时的尾巴运动展开。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东汕头市潮阳实验学校·期末） If you feel stressed at school, what can you do to make yourself happy? Some may eat their favorite food or listen to some music. Others may go for a walk or get some exercise. A new study found another great way to lower students’ stress—playing with dogs. Scientists studied 105 students between the ages of eight and nine. 35 trained dogs and their trainers also took part in the test. The children were divided into 3 groups. The students in the first group spent 20 minutes with a dog and its trainer. They watched the trained dogs perform and even played with them. They did this twice a week for 4 weeks. The second group spent the same amount of time (时长) doing exercise to relax. The last group did neither of these things. During this time, the scientists recorded the students’ cortisol levels (皮质醇水平). Cortisol is a stress hormone (激素). The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body. What did the scientists find? Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels. The first group, however, showed no big increase. And the children in this group had the lowest cortisol levels right after playing with the dogs. According to the study, students enjoy playing with dogs, and it helps them become happier. The stress hormone falls over time this way, which is good for students’ health. But here comes the next question: Is 20 minutes of playtime with a dog the best amount of time? Scientists are going to keep working to find out the answer. 11．Why is the first paragraph written? A．To raise a difficult question. B．To lead in the topic. C．To shock the readers. D．To show the latest research results. 12．What made the testing results of the three groups different? A．The time. B．The age. C．The activity. D．The place. 13．Which one shows the relationship between students’ stress (x) and cortisol levels (y) ? A． B． C． D． 14．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Trainers. B．Dogs. C．Scientists. D．Students. 15．What may the scientists study next? A．More useful ways to lower stress. B．New skills of keeping pets at home. C．The best amount of time to play with a dog. D．The most suitable kind of dog to play with. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文探讨学生在校缓解压力的方法，通过实验研究“与狗玩耍”对降低压力的作用。 11．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，第一段通过列举常见解压方式，引出“与狗玩耍能降压力”这一研究话题。由此可知第一段目的是为了引出主题。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“The students in the first group spent 20 minutes with a dog and its trainer. They watched the trained dogs perform and even played with them. They did this twice a week for 4 weeks. The second group spent the same amount of time (时长) doing exercise to relax. The last group did neither of these things.”可知，第一组与狗互动，第二组运动，第三组无特殊活动，变量是活动内容。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body.”可知，压力越大，皮质醇越多，即正相关。故选A。 14．词句猜测题。根据“students enjoy playing with dogs, and it helps them become happier”可知，此句表示学生喜欢和狗玩，帮助学生变开心。them指代学生。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据“Is 20 minutes of playtime with a dog the best amount of time? Scientists are going to keep working to find out the answer.”可知，科学家针对玩耍时间提出疑问，由此可知打算研究和狗玩耍的最佳时长。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市顺德区养正学校·期末） Dogs are the most popular pets in the world. They help us stay healthy and make us feel good. However, two Australian researchers worry that pet dogs are making changes on the environment. From past studies, the researchers found that medicine on dogs’ fur (皮毛) can wash off into water when they swim. The medicine can be harmful to local wildlife, and birds may even use pieces of the harmful fur to make their nests (鸟巢). Dogs can also pass on illnesses to local wildlife. In Australia, some penguins and special kinds of baby birds have died because of it. Dogs often run through birds’ seaside nesting areas. When this happens, the birds have to keep flying away. All that flying causes exhaustion. And these birds probably have already used up a lot of energy (能量) just to reach the beach. As a result, a smaller number of birds are living in the area and there are fewer kinds of birds too. But the researchers also say the problem isn’t really with dogs—it’s with how many of them we have and how little their owners care about the environment. According to the researchers, there are between 700 million and 1 billion pet dogs in the world. Since we will not stop having dogs as pets, we need to find better ways to love our pet dogs as well as to protect the world we share with them. 16．How does medicine on dogs’ fur go into water? A．When dogs jump into rivers. B．When dogs walk to the beach. C．When dogs play with seabirds. D．When dogs make nests by the river. 17．What causes the death of some penguins in Australia? A．Dogs bite and kill them. B．Dogs take their home away. C．Dogs catch and eat them. D．Dogs make them weak and sick. 18．What does the underlined word “exhaustion” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Tiredness. B．Carelessness. C．Excitement. D．Enjoyment. 19．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①②‖③④‖⑤⑥ B．①‖②③④‖⑤‖⑥ C．①②③④‖⑤‖⑥ D．①②③‖④‖⑤⑥ 20．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To ask people to give up keeping pet dogs. B．To tell people to walk pet dogs at sea sides. C．To show the number of pet dogs all over the world. D．To discuss environmental problems caused by pet dogs. 【答案】16．A 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了宠物狗对环境的影响，包括药物污染、疾病传播以及对鸟类栖息地的干扰等问题。 16．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“From past studies, the researchers found that medicine on dogs’ fur can wash off into water when they swim.”可知，当狗游泳时，皮毛上的药物会被冲入水中。由此推知，当狗跳入水中时，狗皮毛上的药物会进入水中。故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第3段“Dogs can also pass on illnesses to local wildlife. In Australia, some penguins and special kinds of baby birds have died because of it.”可知，狗会将疾病传播给当地野生动物。在澳大利亚，一些企鹅和特殊种类的幼鸟因此死亡。由此可推知，澳大利亚的企鹅死亡是因为狗让它们生病和变得虚弱。故选D。 18．词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“All that flying causes exhaustion. And these birds probably have already used up a lot of energy just to reach the beach.”可知，频繁飞行导致疲惫，这些鸟可能已经耗尽了大量能量才到达海滩。结合上下文可推知，“exhaustion”意为“疲惫”。故选A。 19．篇章结构题。第1段引入话题——狗对环境有影响；第2-4段并列，具体说明狗对环境有哪些影响；第5段指出问题根源；第6段提出解决方案。因此结构为“引入问题→具体影响→根源分析→解决方案”，对应选项B。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。阅读全文内容，主要探讨了宠物狗对环境的影响，包括药物污染、疾病传播以及对鸟类栖息地的干扰等问题。可推知，作者目的是讨论宠物狗引发的环境问题。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东湛江市岭南师范附属中学、东方实验学校联考·期末） For more than a month, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called Deep Seek-RI. The company behind it, also called Deep Seek, is a business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The new AI first appeared on January 20th. In just one week, it beat Open AI’s Chat GPT and became number one free application (应用) in the App Store. What is so special about it? According to Deep Seek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. That is way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have to spend on making similar AI models, said Marc Andreessen, a technology expert in the US. The achievement was largely due to an idea the scientist had while they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, Deep Seek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This makes RI better at reasoning and solving hard problems. What’s more, Deep Seek-RI is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its code (代码). They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng, who set up Deep Seek. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about Deep Seek-RI? A．It’s new. B．It’s popular. C．It’s special. D．It’s free. 2．What is one of the strong points of Deep Seek-RI compared to other AI models? A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others. C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker in solving problems. 3．The word “achievement” refers to ________. A．failure B．success C．problem D．difficulty 4．What is the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of open-source code. B．The challenges faced by Deep Seek-RI. C．The differences between AI models. D．The introduction to Deep Seek-RI. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了由浙江杭州深度求索公司开发的AI模型Deep Seek-RI：包括它上线后迅速登顶苹果应用商店免费应用榜首的受欢迎程度，相比其他AI模型的核心优势，其成功的技术原因，以及开源的特点和价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“The new AI first appeared on January 20th. In just one week, it beat Open AI’s Chat GPT and became number one free application in the App Store.”可知，这款新的人工智能模型于1月20日首次亮相。仅用一周时间，它就击败了OpenAI的ChatGPT，成为苹果应用商店里免费应用的第一名。说明它很受欢迎。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“But it needs much less computing power to do that. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make.”可知，但它完成这些任务所需的算力要少得多。它也是同类人工智能模型中成本最低的，研发仅花费了约557万美元(折合 4058万元人民币)，说明它的优势之一是研发成本更低。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The achievement was largely due to an idea the scientist had while they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, Deep Seek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This makes RI better at reasoning and solving hard problems.”可知，这一成就很大程度上源于科学家们在训练该模型过程中产生的一个想法。与传统方式不同，Deep Seek主要采用强化学习技术。这种技术让人工智能通过自主摸索出正确的做事方法来获取分数，从而实现学习。这使得RI在推理和解决难题方面表现更出色，因此此处achievement表达的是“成功”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章可知，第一段引入话题，第二至五段分别从上线后快速走红的热度、成本低及算力需求少的优势、采用强化学习的技术原因、开源的特点四个并列维度，展开介绍Deep Seek-RI的具体信息，对应B。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，全文围绕Deep Seek-RI展开，涵盖其开发公司、上线后的热度、相比其他模型的优势、成功的技术原因及开源特点，整体是对该AI模型的全面介绍。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东梅州东山中学初中部·期末） Since January 2025, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called DeepSeek-R1. The company behind it, also called DeepSeek, is in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The new AI first appeared on January 20th. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the No.1 free app in the App Store. What is so special about it? DeepSeek says the new AI model is as good at hard things like math as other big AI models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It’s also the cheapest of its kind, costing only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. That’s way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars that US companies spend on similar AI models, said a US technology expert. This achievement is mainly because of an idea the scientist had while they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, DeepSeek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL，强化学习). It helps AI learn by finding the right way to do things on its own to get points. So R1 is better at thinking and solving hard problems. What’s more, DeepSeek-R1 is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its code (代码). They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng, who set up DeepSeek. 6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about DeepSeek-R1? A．It’s new. B．It’s popular. C．It’s special. D．It’s free. 7．What is one of the strong points of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models? A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others. C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker in solving problems. 8．The word “achievement” refers to ________. A．failure B．success C．problem D．difficulty 9．How does DeepSeek-R1 learn? A．In a traditional way. B．Through solving hard problems. C．By finding the right way to do things on its own. D．By following all kinds of orders from its creators. 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of open-source code. B．The challenges faced by DeepSeek-R1. C．The differences between AI models. D．The introduction to DeepSeek-R1. 【答案】6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新型AI模型DeepSeek-R1的特点。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the No.1 free app in the App Store.”可知，仅一周DeepSeek-R1就击败了ChatGPT，成为应用商店排名第一的免费应用，由此推知，DeepSeek-R1很受欢迎。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s also the cheapest of its kind, costing only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. That’s way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars that US companies spend on similar AI models”可知，DeepSeek-R1是同类产品中最便宜的，其成本远低于美国公司在类似人工智能模型上的花费。由此推知，与其他人工智能模型相比，DeepSeek-R1的优势是开发成本低。故选A。 8．词义猜测题。根据第三段“the new AI model is as good at hard things like math as other big AI models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It’s also the cheapest of its kind, costing only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. That’s way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars that US companies spend on similar AI models”可知，此处讲述了DeepSeek-R1在技术方面取得的成功，由此推知，achievement指的是success“成功”。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“DeepSeek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL，强化学习). It helps AI learn by finding the right way to do things on its own to get points.”可知，DeepSeek-R1通过自主探索正确的做事方法来学习。故选C。 10．主旨大意题。全文依次介绍了DeepSeek-R1的市场表现、技术优势和开源特性，属于对AI模型DeepSeek-R1的全面介绍。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市越秀区华侨外国语学校·期末） From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games, we usually overuse technology. “For many people, a moment without your phone or computer in sight can feel like a lifetime.” the Daily Mail commented. A computer model called Mindy may make many people think twice. A team from a US company built a three-dimensional (3D) model to show the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years. “Spending hours looking down at your phone tires your neck and throws your backbone off balance.” explained Caleb Backe, a health and wellness expert (专家) in the US. This, in turn, will make it more difficult for the muscles in our neck to support the head, making our back hunched and our neck wide. “The way we hold our phones can cause pain in certain muscles of your hands.” Nikola Djordjevic, a doctor in Serbia, told the team. It affects the elbows too, making your arm hurt a lot. Scientifically, it is called cubital tunnel syndrome (肘管综合征). That’s why Mindy has a 90-degree elbow, and her hands look like she’s always holding a mobile phone. Some people also commented that human evolution (进化) may not work this way. They believe that only good changes would be kept over the years. For example, changes that can enable people to live longer, instead of the negative effect of technology. However, human lifestyles nowadays still cause worries. A model called Emma was built by researchers in the UK in 2019 to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years. The research team built Emma based on the health problems mentioned by over 3,000 workers in France, Germany and the UK. Emma’s back stays bent, and her legs are swollen because of the time people spend in front of computers. With little time spent outdoors in the sun, her skin is pale, too. While Mindy and Emma are just predictions about what may happen in the future, they remind us to think more about tech habits. Experts suggest taking breaks, stretching muscles, and balancing screen time with outdoor activities. After all, evolution is kind to those who get used to changes wisely—not those controlled by devices like phones and computers. 11．What does the underlined word “negative” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Useful. B．Harmful. C．Amazing. D．Hopeless. 12．Why did the researchers create “Mindy” and “Emma”? A．To introduce future technology. B．To sell new types of models to doctors. C．To show possible effects of overusing technology. D．To explain how technology improves human health. 13．How does the article support its opinion about technology’s effects? A．By telling stories about future humans. B．By explaining how human evolution works. C．By comparing traditional and modern lifestyles. D．By showing experts’ opinions and research models. 14．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Working outdoors is important. B．More models should be created. C．Technology will make humans healthier. D．Using technology wisely helps us live better. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．D 14．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了过度使用科技对人体可能产生的不良影响，通过介绍Mindy和Emma这两个模型以及专家观点来阐述，呼吁人们明智使用科技。 11．词句猜测题。根据“A team from a US company built a three-dimensional (3D) model to show the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.”及结合后文介绍的科技给人体带来的不良影响可推测出，negative意为“有害的”。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“A team from a US company built a three-dimensional (3D) model to show the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.”和“A model called Emma was built by researchers in the UK in 2019 to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years.”可知，创建这两个模型是为了展示过度使用科技可能产生的影响。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“...explained Caleb Backe, a health and wellness expert (专家) in the US”，“...Nikola Djordjevic, a doctor in Serbia, told the team.”和“While Mindy and Emma are just predictions about...Experts suggest...”可知，文章中引用了健康专家Caleb Backe、医生Nikola Djordjevic的观点，还介绍了Mindy和Emma这两个研究模型，通过这些来支撑科技影响的观点。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据“After all, evolution is kind to those who get used to changes wisely—not those controlled by devices like phones and computers”可推知，作者认为明智地使用科技有助于我们更好地生活。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东深圳市翠园东晓中学·期末） When it is possible that AI may be able to change our lives, we need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future. The book AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes out just in time. In general, written by Catriona Campbell, the book explains how AI will change our lives and what we can do to prepare for the coming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could be very difficult to understand. But thankfully, with over 20 years of professional experience, Campbell writes in simple terms, not like a teacher but like someone who wants to share useful knowledge. By the end, you’ll feel much smarter about AI. According to Campbell, AI is already very smart and will keep improving. Right now, we have “Narrow AI,” which does specific (具体的) tasks. Soon, we may have “General AI,” which thinks more like humans. Later, “Dominant (主导的) AI” could become even more powerful. Campbell warns that we must raise our awareness of AI now—before it’s too late. If we don’t, AI could make decisions without us, leading to serious problems. Campbell’s goal is to wake up those who are responsible for AI — the tech companies and world leaders. They must work with experts to guide AI’s growth. She says we are at a key moment in history. If we act now, we can shape a safe and bright future. But if we wait, AI could become a threat. To avoid disasters, we need clear rules and careful planning. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 15．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If it is read by someone with poor education. B．If it is written by someone with weaker ability. C．If it is reviewed by someone with mean thoughts. D．If it is translated by someone with less knowledge. 16．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the passage? A．It is written for AI experts. B．It is difficult to understand. C．It provides detailed instructions. D．It uses a down-to-earth writing style. 17．What does Campbell ask people to do on AI development? A．Wait for its further development. B．Rethink experts’ opinions about it. C．Learn from past experience to slow it down. D．Make efforts together to keep it under control. 18．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To predict the future of AI. B．To recommend a book on AI. C．To praise an outstanding AI expert. D．To give a brief introduction to Al history. 19．What’s the structure of the passage? A．B． C．D． 【答案】15．A 16．D 17．D 18．B 19．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著的《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》一书，书中探讨了人工智能将如何改变我们的生活，并提出了应对AI革命的建议。 15．词句猜测题。根据“In the wrong hands, such a book could be very difficult to understand.”可知，如果落在不适合的人手中，这样一本书可能会很难理解。既已成一本书，此处应是指“读者”，结合选项，这句话意为“如果这本书被教育水平较低的人阅读，可能会难以理解”。故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据“But thankfully, with over 20 years of professional experience, Campbell writes in simple terms, not like a teacher but like someone who wants to share useful knowledge.”可知，《AI by Design》的特点是使用了平易近人的写作风格。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据“Campbell’s goal is to wake up those who are responsible for AI—the tech companies and world leaders. They must work with experts to guide AI’s growth.”可知，Campbell呼吁人们共同努力来控制AI的发展。故选D。 18．主旨大意题。根据“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于AI的书籍。故选B。 19．篇章结构题。文章第一段引入书籍《AI by Design》，指出其及时出版的意义；第二、第三以及第四段分别介绍书的内容、坎贝尔的呼吁和建议；最后一段强调书籍的必要性，呼吁阅读。选项C与之相符。故选C。 主题04 人与自然——航天与航空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东中山市第一中学·期末） Do you ever think about the universe? It’s amazing, isn’t it? How big is it? What’s out there? Are there other planets with life on them? We don’t know yet, but we’re trying to discover more. Some people work hard to learn about the universe. They are astronomers (天文学家) and they look at the stars. Other people design (设计) and make machines and these machines travel in space. These people are astronauts. Astronauts go up into space and look at the earth. They also take photos of the other planets and the stars. Sometimes they live in space for a few days or weeks. They do experiments (实验) and learn about what happens to the human body in space. The space is really mysterious. It’s strange but interesting for us because we don’t know much about them. Soon, some people will be able to travel into space for fun. A company called Virgin Galactic is designing a new kind of plane. This plane can go very fast and very high. People who want to travel in space will pay $200,000 for a ticket. The plane goes up to 100 kilometers above the earth. There are only six passengers and two pilots on the plane. The journey is only two hours, so the passengers don’t get any food. But they can see the earth from space and that’s an amazing thing! This could be the most exciting holiday experience in the future. 1．What do astronauts do in space? A．Do experiments. B．Design new machines. C．Look at the stars. D．All of the above. 2．What does the underlined word “mysterious” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Secret. B．Difficult. C．Strong. D．Terrible. 3．How long is the trip on the new space travel plane? A．Two days. B．Two weeks. C．Two hours. D．Two months. 4．According to the passage, what will people do if they want to travel to space in the future? A．Buy tickets for your family with eight people. B．Pay $200,000 for a ticket on a special plane. C．Enjoy two nights in space. D．Bring food for lunch on the plane. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The history of space travel company B．Anyone out there in space? C．Learn about the universe from astronauts to space traveling D．An exciting holiday experience in space 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了各个行业的人们为了探索太空所作出的努力，以及未来去太空旅行的畅想。 1．细节理解题。根据“They do experiments (实验) and learn about what happens to the human body in space.”可知，宇航员做实验，故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“It’s strange but interesting for us because we don’t know much about them.”可知，太空对我们来说是奇怪而有趣的，因为我们对它们知之甚少，划线部分表达的是太空很神秘，所以划线单词与secret同义，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The journey is only two hours”可知，只需要两个小时，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“People who want to travel in space will pay $200,000 for a ticket.”可知，想要去太空旅行的人需要支付20万美元的机票，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了各个行业的人们为了探索太空所作出的努力，以及未来去太空旅行的畅想，所以C符合本文标题，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市南海区大沥镇初级中学·期末） As it is known to all of us, living in space can be very different from that on Earth. One of the most important differences is that there is no gravity (重力) in space. So many people think living things can’t develop well in space. ▲ A team of American scientists sent mouse embryos (胚胎) to space in August 202l. Then astronauts let them grow on the space station for four days. Guess what happened? The mouse embryos successfully developed just like they do on Earth! The different environment didn’t prevent the development of mouse embryos. The scientists soon shared their study online in the scientific magazine Science. They clearly pointed out that gravity might not bring as many differences to the development of these mouse embryos as they had thought before. When the mouse embryos were sent back to Earth, the scientists also checked their DNAs and genes (基因). They found that they were still the same. However, they still needed to do more studies to make sure everything was okay with the embryos. This surprising research is the first to suggest that mouse embryos can successfully develop in the special environment of space. The team’s next plan is to place these embryos into the mice to see if they can give birth. If that goes well, it may not be impossible for us to see space babies in the future! 6．Which sentence can be put in ________? A．Soon children would like to travel to space. B．Many researchers are trying to solve the problems. C．However, there are also several bad sides about this. D．However, a new discovery may prove (证明) they’re wrong. 7．The underlined word “prevent” in paragraph 2 probably means “________ ” . A．stop B．allow C．follow D．afford 8．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．The embryos’ DNAs didn’t change in space. B．Something was wrong with the embryos in space. C．Gravity brings many differences to the embryos’ growth. D．The mouse embryos in space shared different genes. 9．Next, the research team is going to ________. A．put the embryos into the mice B．send more mouse embryos to space C．take some human babies to space D．study if mice could give birth in space. 10．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The possibility of developing living things in space. B．The discovery of normal growth of mouse embryos in space. C．The activities of American astronauts on the space station. D．The future of giving birth to mouse babies in space. 【答案】6．D 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了小鼠胚胎在太空中的研究，根据研究发现，生物在太空中也可以发展良好。 6．推理判断题。根据“So many people think living things can’t develop well in space.”和“Then astronauts let them grow on the space station for four days. Guess what happened? The mouse embryos successfully developed just like they do on Earth!”可知第一段表达生物不能在太空中发育，第二段讲述老鼠胚胎成功地发育了，因此两段为转折关系，第二段反驳了第一段一些人的观点。选项D“然而，一项新的发现可能会证明他们是错误的。”符合上下文。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据“The mouse embryos successfully developed just like they do on Earth! The different environment didn’t prevent the development of mouse embryos.”可知老鼠胚胎成功地发育了，环境的差异没有阻止其发育，猜测该生词意为“阻止”。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据“...the scientists also checked their DNAs and genes (基因). They found that they were still the same.”可知胚胎的DNA在太空中没有变化。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“The team’s next plan is to place these embryos into the mice...”可知该团队的下一个计划是将这些胚胎放入小鼠体内。故选A。 10．主旨大意题。根据“A team of American scientists sent mouse embryos (胚胎) to space in August 202l. … The different environment didn’t prevent the development of mouse embryos.”可知文章主要讲述了美国科学家将小鼠胚胎送到太空，在空间站上成功发育的情况。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东惠州市第一中学·期末） On April 30, 2025, the Shenzhou-19 spaceship safely landed on Earth. It had a great 183-day trip in space. Three astronauts—Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze—got out of the return module (返回舱). This was a big success for China’s space team! The spaceship took off on October 30, 2024. It did 88 science experiments in space. For example, astronauts studied how life and things grow without the Earth’s pull. They also did three spacewalks. One spacewalk lasted 9 hours—the longest ever by Chinese astronauts. Cai Xuzhe has now walked in space more than any other Chinese astronaut. Song Lingdong, born in 1990, was the first astronaut of his age group to walk in space. Wang Haoze was China’s first woman space station engineer and helped everyone talk and work together well. During spacewalks, astronauts used a robot arm on the Tianhe Core Module and got help from scientists on the ground. They put in things to keep the space station safe from harmful things and also checked the machines outside the space station. ▲ They landed more safely and faster at 13:08 because of improved technology (技术). The success of the Shenzhou-19 journey shows how much China has improved in space technology. It also encourages teenagers to study science and dream big, like reaching for the stars. China will keep making its space program stronger and help the world learn more about space. 11．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By comparing. B．By asking questions. C．By providing examples. D．By giving some facts. 12．What does the underlined word “experiments” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Lights. B．Tests. C．Articles. D．Models. 13．Why did the astronauts use a robot arm during spacewalks? A．To protect the space station from dangerous things. B．To help them walk in space. C．To communicate with scientists on the ground. D．To mix the machines outside the space station. 14．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．They also planted vegetables in the space station. B．They have been to the space. C．The trip back home started at 4:00 a.m. D．There were billions of stars. 15．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．A Successful 183-Day Space Mission B．Three Astronauts’ Spacewalk C．The Return of Shenzhou-19 D．Daily Life in Space 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国神舟十九号飞船在太空完成183天任务后成功返回地球，并介绍了宇航员在太空进行的科学实验、太空行走等成就，以及中国航天技术的进步。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On April 30, 2025, the Shenzhou-19 spaceship safely landed on Earth… This was a big success for China’s space team!”可知，作者通过陈述神舟十九号成功返回的事实引入主题。故选D。 12．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“It did 88 science experiments in space… studied how life and things grow without the Earth’s pull”可知，“experiments”指在太空进行的科学测试或研究。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They put in things to keep the space station safe from harmful things”可知，宇航员使用机械臂的目的是保护空间站免受危险物质的侵害。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“They landed more safely and faster at 13:08 because of improved technology”可知，空格处应补充与返回过程相关的信息。选项C“The trip back home started at 4:00 a.m.”与此逻辑衔接最紧密。故选C。 15．最佳标题。全文围绕神舟十九号183天的太空任务展开，重点描述其科学成就和成功返回。选项A“A Successful 183-Day Space Mission”最能概括全文主旨。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市顺德区梁开初级中学·期末） On November 7th, 2023, ESA’s Euclid space telescope (望远镜) sent back its first full-colour pictures of the universe. Last July, people sent Euclid into space. Its job is to find out how dark matter and dark energy (能量) have made our universe look the way it does today. 95% of our universe appears to be made of these “dark” things. But we still don’t understand what they are. However, Euclid is able to take a clear picture across a huge part of the sky. This time, Euclid sent back 5 pictures. One of them shows us the spiral galaxy IC 342. It is a look-alike of our Milky Way. Thanks to its infrared view (红外线视图), Euclid has already uncovered very important information about the stars in this galaxy. Euclid’s first full-colour pictures of the universe are not only beautiful, but also very helpful for scientists. They show that Euclid is working quite well and that scientists can use it to study the matters in the universe. In the coming months, scientists will study the pictures taken by Euclid, extract (提取) information from them and write many scientific papers. What’s more, over the next six years, Euclid will take a close look at billions of galaxies 10 billion light years from us. By doing this, it will create the largest 3D map ever made. And the pictures by it will take us common people to a much farther universe. 16．Why did people send Euclid into space? A．To make a 3D map of the universe. B．To study dark matter and dark energy. C．To take full-colour pictures of astronauts. D．To find more galaxies like our Milky Way. 17．What do we know about the dark things? A．People know them very well. B．They are useless for us humans. C．They are unusual in the universe. D．Scientists are still studying them. 18．The underlined word “uncovered” probably means “______”. A．changed B．discovered C．missed D．used 19．What is NOT mentioned about Euclid in the passage? A．How people created it. B．What it will do in space. C．When people sent it into space. D．What its first full-colour pictures. 20．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Euclid and its first full-colour pictures B．The largest 3D map by Euclid C．Dark things in the universe D．Scientific papers on Euclid 【答案】16．B 17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了欧几里德空间望远镜及其发布的首批5张科学图像，科学家将利用其揭示暗能量与暗物质的秘密。 16．推理判断题。根据“Its job is to find out how dark matter and dark energy (能量) have made our universe look the way it does today.”可推知，人们将“欧几里德”送入太空是为了研究暗物质和暗能量。故选B。 17．推理判断题。根据“95% of our universe appears to be made of these “dark” things. But we still don’t understand what they are.”可知，我们宇宙的95%似乎是由这些“黑暗”物质组成的，但是我们仍然不明白它们是什么。由此推测，科学家们仍在研究这些“黑暗”物质。故选D。 18．词义猜测题。根据“Thanks to its infrared view (红外线视图), Euclid has already uncovered very important information about the stars in this galaxy.”可知，由于它的红外观测，“欧几里德”已经揭示了这个星系中恒星非常重要的信息。由此猜测，uncovered意为discovered“发现”。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“Last July, people sent Euclid into space.”可知，此处提到了“欧几里德”被送上太空的时间；根据“This time, Euclid sent back 5 pictures. One of them shows us the spiral galaxy IC 342. It is a look-alike of our Milky Way.”可知，此处提到了“欧几里德”传送回来的首批图像是什么样的；根据“What’s more, over the next six years, Euclid will take a close look at billions of galaxies 10 billion light years from us.”可知，此处提到了“欧几里德”将在太空做什么。因此，选项A“他们是如何创造出它的”没有被提及。故选A。 20．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了欧几里德空间望远镜及其发布的首批5张科学图像，科学家将利用其揭示暗能量与暗物质的秘密。因此，选项A“‘欧几里德’和它的首批彩色图像”是最佳标题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——发明与创造 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东汕头市潮阳区金德实验学校·期末） At the 2025 Spring Festival Gala (Year of the Snake),16 humanoid (人形) robots named “Fuxi” amazed the world. Dressed in Northeast-style floral-patterned jackets, they danced Yangge with Xinjiang artists. Famous director Zhang Yimou called it “a dialogue between ancient wisdom and AI”. These robots, made by Chinese company Unitree, moved like real humans. They could twist their waists, kick legs, and even spin handkerchiefs—a classic Yangge skill. Engineers shared that teaching the robots these moves took nearly three months of daily practice. Special sensors helped them follow human dancers’ steps perfectly. Unitree named this kind of robot “Fuxi”. The name has the same pronunciation as an ancient Chinese figure. It stands for the wonderful good wishes that technology brings. This robot dance does more than entertain (娱乐). It helps protect culture in new ways. Using special videos, engineers can record exactly how the old artists move. When 78-year-old Ms. Zhao, a Yangge expert, danced with her handkerchief, 3D cameras were used to record her every move in detail. “Now, even children a hundred years from now can learn the real Yangge,” she said with a happy smile. With the help of this technology, the traditional dance moves can be exactly kept, making sure that the key of Yangge is passed down through ages. The robots also make Chinese culture travel farther. Over 200 million people worldwide watched the show online. A French teenager commented (评论): “Robots + tradition = cool China!” This technology helps save and share traditions. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．the Year of the Snake B．the wisdom C．the Yangge performance D．Xinjiang dancers 2．How long did it nearly take the robots to learn the moves? A．20 days B．30 days C．60 days D．90 days 3．Why did they choose the name “Fuxi”? A．To show good wishes for modern engineers. B．To connect technology with Chinese culture. C．To ask foreign visitors to China. D．To give good wishes for the Snake Year. 4．How does technology help protect Yangge? A．By recording artists’ movements. B．By making better costumes. C．By training more engineers. D．By selling robot videos. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the Spring Festival Gala in 2025 B．To show how Unitree makes humanoid robots. C．To describe the team work between robots and artists. D．To describe how robots help protect and pass on Chinese traditional culture. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东潮州江海实验中学·期末） Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi found that their city library didn’t have enough Braille (盲文) books for blind people and many of the Braille books were out of date. So, they teamed up to help the blind by fixing the problem. Feng and Meng both studied at No. 37 Middle School in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. They invented (发明) a new kind of Braille reader. Their work won the first prize in a national competition aiming to nurture creative thinking by encouraging the young to solve social problems. The invention also got a national patent (专利). When connected to a computer, their Braille reader can turn words into raised dots (凸起的点). Blind people can read by touching the dots, which are magnets (磁铁). This is the first Braille reader that uses magnets. “We found that today’s Braille readers are very difficult and expensive,” Feng said. “So, we decided to develop a user-friendly product (产品) , especially for young blind children from grade 1 to 3. Moreover, it only costs about 2000 yuan.” After making their first product, Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to get advice and improved it based on the students’ needs, like changing the size of the screen and the amount of space between the dots. “We hope the invention will be popularized in the future to help those blind people who can’t afford the Braille reader now,” Meng told Taiyuan News. 6．Why did the two students invent a new kind of Braille reader? A．To get a national patent. B．To hold a reading competition. C．To encourage kids to solve social problems. D．To help the blind get more Braille books. 7．What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Develop. B．Lower. C．Imagine. D．Understand. 8．Which is the correct order of the following events? ①Feng and Meng were interviewed by Taiyuan News. ②Many of the Braille books in the city library were out of date. ③Feng and Meng teamed up to help the blind by fixing the problem. ④Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to learn about the students’ needs. A．②①④③ B．②③④① C．②③①④ D．②④①③ 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．Feng and Meng are caring and creative. B．Feng and Meng solved many social problems. C．Feng and Meng have set up their own business. D．Feng and Meng became very popular at home and abroad. 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Braille Reader B．A User-friendly Product C．The Need of Blind People D．Two Teenagers and Their Invention Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东珠海市文园中学·期末） Have you ever dreamed of flying cars? Today, they are becoming real through something called eVTOL. It stands for electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing machines. These are special flying cars that can go straight up and down. They don’t need long runways, but they need to run on batteries (电池) and they are much quieter than planes. China is doing well in making these flying cars. Some companies like EHang are playing a big part in it. EHang tested its flying cars in cities such as Guangzhou and Zhaoqing. Other Chinese companies like XPeng, are also working on their own flying cars. On February 27, 2024, in a testing flight, an eVTOL made by Shanghai Fengfei flew from Shenzhen to Zhuhai in just 20 minutes, covering 55 kilometers! It shows how important this kind of new car is for China’s future. Chinese cities are planning special landing spots for flying cars on the top of buildings. By 2026, we might see everyday eVTOL services in some Chinese cities. This could help to relax the heavy traffic on the ground and make travel faster and easier. However, there are still some problems. First, the batteries need to work longer so that the cars can fly farther. Also, just like we have traffic lights for cars on roads, we need ways to control flying cars in the sky. Right now, these flying cars are still very expensive. Engineers and scientists are working hard to solve these problems. Maybe soon, we will see these quiet flying cars in the skies above our cities! 11．How does the writer show China is doing well in making flying cars? A．By giving steps. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 12．Why does the passage mention EHang, XPeng and Shanghai Fengfei? A．Because the flying cars from these companies sell very well in China. B．Because the flying cars are of great importance for China’s future. C．Because these three companies are the best at fixing up flying cars. D．Because these three companies have many problems making flying cars. 13．What does the underlined word “spots” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．halls B．gardens C．stations D．pools 14．What’s the writer’s opinion about flying cars? A．Flying cars are bad for our environment. B．Today there is no need to make flying cars. C．We will not use flying cars because they are not safe. D．Though flying cars have problems, their future is bright. 15．Which is the best title for this passage? A．A New Way to Travel B．An Interesting Machine to Buy C．The Good Sides of Flying Cars D．The Problems eVTOL has Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东深圳市南山区南山外国语学校·期末） Frodo was a 20-year-old cat who loved to sleep in the sun. Although Frodo was old, he would still struggle (艰难地行进) up and down the stairs every day to get to the pool to enjoy the sun. But life has become a lot easier for the old cat now. Liam Thompson is a young inventor who loves cats. He found Frodo’s difficulties and decided to do something helpful. He spent four days building an elevator (电梯) that would allow Frodo to go up and down the stairs easily. He also shot a video to record the inventing process and posted it online. The video called I Built an Elevator for My Cat showed how Thompson made the elevator for Frodo. It was funny. The video made more than 900,000 people interested in the elevator. In his video, Thompson used a toy to test the elevator because he wanted to make sure it was safe for Frodo. Thompson asked his favourite cat, “Are you ready to go downstairs without moving a muscle? I hope you will be happy because it took me four days to complete the machine.” Frodo seemed relaxed in the elevator as it went to the bottom of the stairs. Frodo stayed in the elevator for a moment. He didn’t seem to know how to get off. But after a while, Frodo found out how to get out of the elevator. Thompson laughed excitedly as Frodo walked out of the elevator and made his way to the pool. Thompson’s invention was a great success. His love for his cat has won 1.87 million fans on the internet. After watching the video, many people felt amazed at his work and one said, “His invention for his pet is much safer than the ones he invents for himself. I think he is excellent.” 16．How does the writer start the story? A．By using a famous saying. B．By comparing two characters. C．By introducing a problem. D．By showing the ending. 17．Why did Thompson use a toy to test the elevator according to Paragraph 4? A．To win more fans on the internet. B．To make sure it was safe for Frodo. C．To make the elevator move quickly. D．To teach his friend to use the elevator. 18．What can we infer from Paragraph 5? A．Frodo knew how to use the elevator immediately. B．Frodo didn’t like the elevator built by Thompson at all. C．The elevator Thompson built for Frodo didn’t work well D．It might be easier for Frodo to get to the pool to enjoy the sun. 19．What’s the writer’s attitude towards Thompson’s invention? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 20．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (① refers to Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①②/③④⑤⑥ 主题02 人与自然——动物与植物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东湛江市实验中学·期末） ①Scientists have found that plants can make sounds. ②A scientist Lily Hadany and her team recorded tomato plants at different times. It showed that the plants made ultrasonic (超声波) sounds. Humans could only hear them with the help of a computer. They were noises like clicking (咔哒声) sounds. ③As the scientists studied the sounds, they began to find some interesting facts. Plants made different sounds at different times. They hardly clicked when they had enough water, but as the earth got drier, they clicked more and more. Scientists also found that plants made sounds when they got hurt. When scientists cut off a leaf from the plants, the plants also clicked more. But the clicking wasn’t the same as when the plants needed water. ④Some scientists trained a computer AI system to recognize (识别) the different kinds of clicking sounds. It was able to find the difference between plants that needed water and plants with cuts. It means that one day we may be able to use these sounds to figure out when it is in difficult time, and what problem it is having. That could be very helpful to farmers. ⑤The team’s finding changes our ideas about plants. As Dr. Hadany says, “Even in a quiet field, there are sounds made by plants, and those sounds carry information and may help us a lot.” 1．If you want to hear the sounds of plants, which of the following may you need? A．B． C． D． 2．How does the writer show the interesting facts in Paragraph ③? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By using numbers. 3．What does “figure out” mean in Paragraph ④? A．Think about. B．Put out. C．Find out. D．Care about. 4．What can people do with the help of the team’s finding? A．Hear more beautiful sounds from different plants. B．Know how to recognize different sounds faster. C．Help farmers to know more about their plants. D．Stop people from cutting down trees. 5．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B．C．D． Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市顺德一中·期末） Think about this: you sit down and begin to eat a tomato. Suddenly, the tomato starts to shout! Don’t worry! This thing would never really happen. But a new study showed that plants make sounds when they are stressed (有压力的). “Plants make sounds to communicate with insects and other animals all the time,” said Lilach Hadany, the researcher of the study, “but those sounds are undetectable to humans’ ears.” With this in mind, the team started the research by recording the plants’ sounds. First, the team developed a smart machine that can record and translate the sounds of plants. Then they divided plants into three groups: one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the last group was untouched. The result showed that untouched plants stayed quiet, but in other two groups, these plants made sounds up to 40 clicks every hour.More interestingly, thirsty plants made louder and louder sounds at the beginning, with the loudest sounds when they were very thirsty, then lower as they died. This result helps us better understand how plants manage stress and how they communicate with the world around them. It can also help farmers to tell which plant is thirsty, which one is hurt or which one is healthy, so that they can water them in time or protect them from disease. Scientists are still working on inventing machines to help farmers to understand their plants better. They also wonder if the plants make sounds because of other reasons. 6．How does the writer start the passage? A．By explaining the sounds of a tomato. B．By comparing the sounds of two tomatoes. C．By telling a fact about a shouting tomato. D．By introducing an idea about a shouting tomato. 7．What does the underlined word “undetectable” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Unacceptable. B．Unchangeable. C．Uncomfortable. D．Unnoticeable. 8．Which is most like the sound wave of the thirsty plant? (s=sound wave t=time) A．B．C．D． 9．What is the scientists’ future plan? A．To buy new machines to help farmers. B．To study further why plants make sound. C．To make plants grow faster by playing sound. D．To record sounds from different kinds of plants. 10．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Secret Sounds of Plants B．Machines That Talk to Plants C．How Plants Grow in Sound D．Secret Conversation in Nature Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东黄埔区华附学校·期末） If you own a dog, you’ve probably seen it yawn (打哈欠) a lot. Dog yawning is cute, but why do dogs yawn? Dogs yawn mainly when they are tired, though scientists still haven’t fully understood why yawning happens. “Yawning helps relax face muscles (肌肉) and wake up tired dogs,” says Dr. Katy Nelson, a doctor of an animal hospital. At the same time, yawning increases blood flow in the head, neck, and face. By sending more oxygen to the brain, yawning helps keep a clearer mind. Dogs also yawn when they are worried, scared or excited. When two dogs meet in the street and one of them yawns, that is a friendly greeting signal (信号). It is sent to show the other dog that “I want to make friends with you”. In this case, yawning is much the same as a handshake of humans. Dogs’ yawning can mean other things as well, like good relationships between dogs and their owners. Some studies have shown that dogs can “catch” yawns from people who they feel close to. That is to say, when the owners yawn, the dogs will yawn, too. Finding out why dogs’ yawning can help us understand their body conditions and feelings so that we can take better care of them. 11．According to Paragraph 2, what is good about dogs’ yawning? A．It helps dogs feel less worried or scared. B．It wakes up dogs naturally in the morning. C．It produces oxygen to help the brain work. D．It relaxes muscles and increases blood flow. 12．What does “It” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Another dog. B．A handshake. C．Greeting signal. D．The dogs’ feelings. 13．Which “catch” below means the same as the one in Paragraph 4? A．The dog tried to catch the ball but failed. B．I run quickly to catch the bus with my dog. C．My dogs catch my feelings and also become excited. D．The owners catch the dog digging holes in the garden. 14．Which is the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东东莞市东莞中学松山湖学校·期末） World Animal Day falls on October 4th every year. It started in 1931 to encourage everyone on our planet to care about animals. However, many wild animals are facing great danger. Some are even dying out and we can’t see them anymore. Recently, China has done a lot to improve the living condition of endangered wild animals. The protection of Asian elephants is a good example. Asian elephants in China are mostly found in Yunnan Province. These animals have become endangered because some people are killing them for their ivories. The government has been trying to protect them. For example, elephants’ ivory business is not allowed. This can greatly stop hunting elephants. Another example is the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚). Because of over-fishing and water pollution, the number of the Yangtze finless porpoise was just 1,012 in 2018. That number was smaller than that of giant pandas. In 2020, the government introduced a 10-year fishing ban (禁令). This action is very useful and now people can see a group of Yangtze finless porpoises jump and play in the Yangtze River. With World Animal Day drawing near, we all can think of more ways to better protect our wild friends. As we live with all the living things together, we can truly make a difference to all animals. 15．What’s the purpose (目的) of World Animal Day? A．To introduce wild animals to the public. B．To encourage us to care about wild animals. C．To collect information about wild animals. D．To count the population of wild animals. 16．What does the underlined word “hunting” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Living. B．Feeding. C．Killing. D．Protecting. 17．What can we learn about Yangtze finless porpoises from Paragraph 3? A．Their number was 1,012 in 2020. B．Their number was larger than that of giant pandas in 2018. C．They were in danger because of over-fishing and illnesses. D．Their number is bigger now because the government introduced a fishing ban. 18．What is the structure (结构) of this passage? (P-paragraph 段落) A．B． C． D． 19．What is the best title of the passage? A．Let’s Save Elephants B．Yangtze Finless Porpoises Are In Danger C．World Animal Day Is Coming D．Let’s Protect Wild Friends 主题03 人与自我——食物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东省清远市英德中学·期末） Food Festivals in China Food festivals are great ways to enjoy delicious food and learn about cities’ culture. Here are some famous ones in China. Chongqing Hot Pot Festival In April and May, Chongqing is full of hot pot. People sit by the river and eat spicy (辛辣的) hot pot with beef tripe (毛肚) and Chongqing Noodles. People living here usually say, “If you don’t cry from the heat, you haven’t been to Chongqing!” Chengdu Spring Food Festival From March to May, Chengdu has a slow food festival. Walk in Kuanzhai Street and eat Chuanchuanxiang and Zhong Noodles. It’s relaxing to sit in a tea house, drink a cup of tea and listen to stories. Xi’an Muslim Street Food Festival In May and June, walking in Xi’an’s Muslim Street is like traveling back to the Tang Dynasty. When enjoying people making Yangroupaomo under old lanterns, you can feel the long history of the city. Xiamen Seafood Festival From April to June, Xiamen has lots of fresh seafood. On Gulangyu Island, try Shacha Noodles and seafood. The wind from the sea makes the food taste even better. These festivals let us taste not just food, but also the heart of each city. Come and join them! 1．What can you enjoy at Chongqing Hot Pot Festival? A．Spicy hot pot by the river. B．Sweet noodles in the city. C．Stories in tea houses. D．Fresh seafood on the beach. 2．When is the best time to visit Chengdu Spring Food Festival? A．February. B．April. C．June. D．August. 3．What makes Xi’an Muslim Street Food Festival special? A．Feel the history of the Tang Dynasty. B．Fast food making. C．Modern buildings. D．Sea food. 4．How many festivals mention (提到) noodles? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 5．Where can you read this text? A．A science book. B．A history report. C．A travel magazine. D．A math textbook. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东东莞市东华初级中学·期末） You may have experienced the feeling. Your mouth feels like it is on fire. Your eyes start to water. You just ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper (辣椒)！ Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in dishes around the world. They are in dishes like Indian curries (咖喱), Thai tom yum soup (冬阴功), and Mexican enchiladas (卷饼). Chilies are fiery because they contain something called capsaicin (辣椒素). Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better, and it may even help keep you fit. Capsaicin makes you feel less hungry. It also makes your body burn more fat. Eating chilies can be uncomfortable, but some people love to eat them. Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a woman from India, became famous for eating chilies. She ate 51 hot peppers in just two minutes! The peppers were Naga Jolokia (ghost peppers). They grow in India and are one of the hottest chilies in the world. “I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,” said Tamuly. She began eating chilies when she was a child. She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well too. “Every time I have a cold or flu, I just eat some chilies and I feel better. To be honest, I hardly notice them now.” 6．What does the underlined word “fiery” mean? A．Sweet. B．Salty. C．Fresh. D．Hot. 7．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To advise us not to eat too many chilies. B．To show chilies are the hottest food. C．To explain how chilies are good for us. D．To explain why eating chilies is uncomfortable. 8．Which of the following is NOT true about Anandita Dutta Tamuly? A．She thought eating chilies was good for health. B．She started eating chilies when she was a child. C．She became famous for eating Chinese chilies. D．She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well. 9．What’s the structure of this text? (① = Paragraph 1…) A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．The kinds of hot chili peppers. B．The ways of planting hot chili peppers. C．The reasons why people don’t like chili peppers. D．The taste and health benefits (好处) of chili peppers. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市黄埔区第八十六中学·期末） Do you miss the great snacks you had when you were a kid? Do they help you remember your happy childhood? Sugar Figures In the old days, there were always some people making sugar figures at the school gate. The maker would take a little maltose (麦芽糖) with a small spoon and draw a figure such as the Monkey King and the White Dragon. It was not expensive, only 1 yuan for each. Bubble Gum Almost every kid loves bubble gum and kids often got together to see who got the largest bubble. I still remember my cousin once blew a big bubble and then it broke! Her face was covered with gum. It was cheap. I could get two for 1 yuan. Baby Face Ice cream It tastes delicious but a little expensive. I remember the price was 2 yuan for each piece which was not easy for me to buy those days. Each time I got one, the happiness would last for several days. Tangguar Tangguar is often found in northern China and offered during the days just before the Spring Festival. It’s delicious and cheap, and you could get five pieces for 1yuan. My friends and I often shared Tangguar with each other in the past. 11．If you had 3 yuan, you could buy ________ pieces of Tangguar. A．5 B．10 C．15 D．20 12．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．you can buy Tangguar at any time B．people made sugar figures only for boys C．children usually enjoyed blowing bubbles together D．the writer had a lot of baby face ice cream in the past 13．The purpose(目的)of the passage is ________. A．to introduce some childhood snacks B．to tell some funny stories C．to remember the poor childhood D．to sell some popular snacks Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市越秀区第七中学·期末） More than 2.25 billion cups of coffee are drunk across the world each day, and it’s likely that many taste bitter (苦的). Now, a new study suggests that coffee fans can make their drinks taste sweeter by simply changing the color of their cups. Scientists say that blue and glass cups, which are popular in some coffee shops, make the coffee less bitter, without any need for sugar. Researchers prove (证明) that coffee drunk from a white cup tastes bitter. They used 36 volunteers and three different colored cups—blue, white and transparent (透明的) glass to prove that. In the first experiment, the white cups made the coffee more bitter. Then, in the second experiment, coffee drunk from the white cup was found to taste less sweet when compared to the other colored cups, while the blue cup made the coffee taste the sweetest. “Our study clearly shows that the color of a cup does influence (影响) the taste of coffee” Dr George Doom of Federation University Australia wrote in an article for The Conversation. “The influence of the color of the cup on the taste of coffee reported here suggests that coffee shop owners should carefully think about the color of their cups,” he said. 14．What does the first paragraph mainly want to tell us? A．Much coffee in the world is bitter. B．Millions of people drink coffee around the world. C．Changing the color of the cup can make coffee taste sweeter. D．Changing the color of the cup can make coffee taste more delicious. 15．What kind of cups should you use if you want to make your coffee taste sweetest? A．The white cup. B．The yellow cup. C．The blue cup. D．The glass cup 16．According to the study, what can we learn? A．White cups can make the coffee less bitter. B．The color of the cup has an influence on the taste of coffee. C．Two more experiments are mentioned. D．Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are drunk in the world every day. 17．What can we know about Dr George Doom according to the passage? A．He is a businessman. B．He wrote this passage. C．He is a coffee shop owner. D．He was a member of the study. 主题01 人与自我——方法与策略 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东省东莞市可园中学·期末） Do you know how to clean rooms or grow plants? Can you cook by yourself? These will all be part of Chinese education later. The government made a new standard (标准) for labor education to make Chinese students’ lives colorful and build their independent character through labor. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class a week to do different kinds of chores and learn different life skills. Middle school students need to learn the following skills: Everyday Chores Students from the seventh to ninth grade have to clean up their rooms and classrooms. They also need to cook some dishes. What’s more, they should learn to look after and restore home machines. For example, if the washing machine is broken, they should know some simple skills to make it work well. Creative (创造性的) Labor Middle school students have to take part in local labor, such as planting, fishing and paper-making. Making one or two kinds of traditional handmade things is in the standard, too. Service Labor It’s middle school students’ duty to do one or two kinds of volunteer work. They can take part in modern service labor. The standard also calls on families to take part in students’ labor education in order to help students be more independent. So let us develop labor abilities and spirits from now on! 1．Why did the government make the new standard? A．To make students study harder. B．To develop China’s labor education. C．To make students learn to do housework. D．To let students live colorfully and be independent. 2．What does the underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Repair. B．Buy. C．Clean. D．Choose. 3．Which of the following is creative labor? A．Tidying up a room. B．Planting some trees. C．Doing the dishes. D．Putting shared bikes in order. 4．How can we achieve (实现) the goals of labor education? A．By building many schools. B．By improving the new standard. C．By making students do more chores. D．By letting parents teach children life skills. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．A Helpful Standard for Students B．The History of Labor Education C．The Wonderful Life of Middle School Students D．The After-school Activities of Middle School Students Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东惠州市南山学校·期末） Do you ever feel worried about school? Many students experience stress (压力) when they have too much homework, tests, or feel difficult to get high marks. This is called school stress, and it’s really normal! Let’s talk about why it happens and how to manage it. It’s common to have school stress. Some students feel stressed because of high hopes from others. For example, parents or teachers might want them to get perfect grades, making students feel they are never doing well enough. Others feel stressed from comparing themselves to classmates. When they see others doing better, it seems like that they need to keep up all the time. Perfectionism (完美主义) is also another reason. Wanting to be the best at everything is great, but it can also make you feel stressed when things aren’t perfect. In some ways, stress can be helpful. It can help you work harder. However, too much stress can cause negative feelings, such as worry, sadness and nervousness. For example, you will have trouble focusing or remembering what you studied. It may cause kinds of headaches, tiredness, or trouble sleeping. What’s worse, you may feel like you don’t enjoy learning anymore. If school stress has caused you trouble, here are some simple ways to feel better. The good news is that there are easy things you can do to reduce stress. First, break it down. Instead of trying to study everything at once, make a simple plan. Study for 30 minutes, then take a short break. Second, sleep well. Your brain needs rest! Try to get 8 hours of sleep each night to feel refreshed. Third, have fun. Playing sports, drawing, or listening to music can help you relax and forget about stress for a while. Please remember, it’s okay not to be perfect! Doing your best is what really matters. 6．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．How to get better grades B．What school stress is C．Why students need sleep D．When tests should happen 7．Which is a cause of school stress? A．High hope from parents B．Wanting to be perfect C．Comparing with classmates D．All of the above 8．What does the underlined word “negative” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Deep B．Terrible C．Warm D．Strange 9．How many ways are mentioned to help reduce stress? A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five 10．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to Always Get Stress B．Why Teachers Give Tests C．School Stress: Causes and Cures D．The History of School Stress Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东东莞翰林实验学校·期末） Have you heard of (听说) dazi? Have you ever found a dazi? These days, finding a dazi is becoming popular with Chinese young people. A dazi is a person we eat with, study with, exercise with or take a trip with, but we haven’t known him or her before. The dazi culture is about finding the right person to do the right activity with. Xiaoyue, a young woman from Ningxia, has met many dazi because of her love for basketball and biking. Having a dazi not only gives her company (陪伴) but also helps her enjoy sports more. These dazi relationships are very different from close friendships. As for close friends, we need to stay in close contact. With a dazi, you don’t have to do so. Many dazi may not meet again after a trip or a game together. So, many people believe having a dazi makes their social life easier and more comfortable. Finding a dazi shows that Chinese young people want clearer boundaries (界限) in their social relationships. Dazi will not talk or ask a lot about their personal lives. And they hope these relationships can let them share their hobbies and interests, or that they can help them to improve themselves. Although finding a dazi has many good points, we should be careful and put our safety first. 11．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving numbers. D．By giving an example. 12．How might Xiaoyue describe having a dazi? A．Serious. B．Difficult. C．Enjoyable. D．Meaningless. 13．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having a social life. B．Playing games together. C．Staying in close contact. D．Talking about personal life. 14．Why do Chinese young people like to find a dazi? ①To improve themselves. ②To share their hobbies and interests. ③To save time and money. ④To have boundaries in their social relationships. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 15．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Some stories of dazi B．How we find a dazi C．Dazi: special close friends D．Dazi: a new popular culture Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市第二中学·期末） ①Some people can manage any journey with no guide but their “pigeon (鸽子) sense”. How do they do it? And can this ability be learned? In fact, the latest science research suggests that there are plenty of ways for common people to improve their sense of direction. ②People’s sense of direction is influenced by many different factors. Childhood environment shapes people’s comfort and confidence in finding ways. Allowing kids to have the chance to move independently around different places is very important. “Experiments suggest that passive (被动的) movement is not that good because you don’t usually pay attention,” says Nora, a psychological scientist. People who grew up outside cities, or in very large cities, also appear to have better sense of direction when they become adults. “We have found that even as adults, people who move around their environment more widely have better senses of direction,” says Nora. ③In many ancient societies, girls and women had fewer chances to go out to find directions while men went hunting in the rainforest. So women are more likely to consider that they are born with worse sense of direction although studies show that gender (性别) differences don’t influence their performance in finding ways. ④__________ “One is that you think you cannot improve the sense of direction,” Nora says. While adults’ brains are different from children’s in some ways, adults can still learn to do that. Nora is also worried because people think that the sense of direction is of no use in the time of GPS. “But what if phone batteries die or systems make mistakes, like driving into water on the advice of their GPS.” Nora pointed out. ⑤In fact, people can train their sense of direction by better noticing environmental cues. “People can pay attention to things around them, like the wind, the sun or even a tree, whether they’re in the city or the countryside.” Nora says. “It is difficult to provide common ways to improve the sense of direction because of people’s cultural differences. But in general, the more you move, especially in ways that are kind of challenging, the better senses of direction you will develop,” Nora says. ⑥Besides, getting a proper amount of sleep may help too. One global study found that for people aged 54 and older, sleeping seven hours a night leads to the best performance in a way-finding game. ⑦So although not everyone is born with “pigeon sense”, the good news is that everyone can continue to develop the skill over a lifetime. 16．Which of the following in the dictionary can best explain the underline word “cues” in Paragraph 5? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ cue        n. cues         v. cueing; cuing; cued ① a signal (信号) that helps to solve a problem. ② a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do sth. ③ a long wooden stick used for hitting the ball in the games ④ to give sb. a signal so they know when to start doing sth. 17．Which sentence can be put in__________? A．People have discovered some useful facts of sense of direction. B．People have many misunderstandings about the sense of direction. C．People haven’t worked out some mysteries of the sense of direction. D．People have thought of some ways to develop the sense of direction. 18．What can we infer from the passage? A．Women have worse sense of direction than men. B．Adults can still improve sense of direction. C．Active movement can lead to better sense of direction. D．Sense of direction influences one’s sleep amount. 19．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? （①=Paragraph 1; ②=Paragraph 2…） A． B． C． D． 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东深圳市福田区红岭中学·期末） Hundreds of foreign plants and animals are secretly entering China inside delivery boxes and hiding in city parks. About 660 such species now cause a loss of 200 billion yuan every year. Shenzhen Customs is fighting back with special machines after finding 17.5% more invaders (入侵者) in early 2025 than the year before. These “eco-invaders” push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests. One water plant grows so fast that it can cover a whole lake in just six days, making fish die from lack of air. Equally dangerous are fire ants, which have spread to 12 provinces in 20 years. These insects not only hurt people with painful stings (蜇刺) but also ruin crops across wide areas. The invaders sneak in (潜行) through clever hiding ways. Wood brought from other countries often carries tiny worms that kill pine trees within 40 days. Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild. Customs officers recently discovered new hiding tricks, such as large ants carried inside toy boxes and shoes during border checks. To stop these invaders, customs now uses smart machines called “AI X-ray scanners” that can see inside packages. These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before. At the same time, scientists are using special insects that eat harmful foreign weeds, creating nature’s own army against invaders. While customs officers work hard, ordinary people must also join the fight. Citizens should never set free foreign pets like red-eared turtles in nature, avoid buying strange animals or plants online, and immediately report any unknown fast-spreading species. “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment,” said a Shenzhen Customs officer after finding dangerous species in international mail. As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology with public awareness remains China’s strongest shield (防护物) in this unseen war for our environment. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe different types of foreign pets. B．To discuss the history of fire ants in China. C．To explain how Shenzhen Customs uses technology. D．To warn about harmful foreign species and protection methods. 2．What does the phrase “push out” in Paragraph 2 most likely means? A．endanger B．protect C．observe D．warn 3．How do some foreign species enter China? A．By flying freely across national borders. B．Through online shopping made by scientific researchers. C．Through being imported before escaping into nature. D．As passengers on airplanes inspected by customs officers. 4．What result did the “AI X-ray scanners” achieve? A．They help officers detect 25% more hidden species. B．They trained insects to eat harmful foreign weeds. C．They reduced border checks by about 25%. D．They discovered 660 entirely new species. 5．Why does the customs officer state “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment”? A．Because captured animals are sold to zoos to support environmental projects. B．To emphasize that preventing biological invasions protects ecological balance. C．To encourage citizens to keep foreign pets instead of buying local animals. D．To show that technology cannot work without international cooperation. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东揭阳第一中学·期末） People know animals have feelings, but can we understand them? In order to find out, scientists studied dogs’ tails (尾巴). ________ It says that humans can tell if a dog is happy or sad by watching its tail. First of all, the researchers showed dogs different things. Sometimes they gave the dogs their favorite toys or food. Sometimes there was nothing. When dogs saw something they liked, they wagged (摇动) their tails fast and high. When there was nothing, their tails moved slowly and low. During the whole process, the scientists used a camera to record these movements. Then the researchers showed 10 videos of dog tail movements to 100 volunteers. Half of the videos showed happy tails, and the other half showed sad tails. About 70% of the volunteers correctly guessed the dogs’ true feelings, although some of them had never kept a dog before. The result shows humans can naturally understand dogs’ feelings through their tails. Scientists hope that the study will help people take better care of pets. Now, some are working on a special machine (机器) to detect dogs’ feelings automatically. This could make dogs’ lives happier. 6．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 1? A．Dogs don’t like humans. B．Nobody knows how dogs feel. C．A new study gives an answer. D．Scientists love dogs very much. 7．Which of the following shows a happy dog’s tail movement? A． B． C． D． 8．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By playing with dogs. B．By taking photos. C．By feeding the dogs. D．By watching dog tail videos. 9．What does the underlined word “detect” mean in Paragraph 4? A．create B．find C．change D．forget 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．Happy Tails, Sad Tails B．Dogs and Their Toys C．A New Machine for Dogs D．Scientists and Volunteers Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东汕头市潮阳实验学校·期末） If you feel stressed at school, what can you do to make yourself happy? Some may eat their favorite food or listen to some music. Others may go for a walk or get some exercise. A new study found another great way to lower students’ stress—playing with dogs. Scientists studied 105 students between the ages of eight and nine. 35 trained dogs and their trainers also took part in the test. The children were divided into 3 groups. The students in the first group spent 20 minutes with a dog and its trainer. They watched the trained dogs perform and even played with them. They did this twice a week for 4 weeks. The second group spent the same amount of time (时长) doing exercise to relax. The last group did neither of these things. During this time, the scientists recorded the students’ cortisol levels (皮质醇水平). Cortisol is a stress hormone (激素). The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body. What did the scientists find? Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels. The first group, however, showed no big increase. And the children in this group had the lowest cortisol levels right after playing with the dogs. According to the study, students enjoy playing with dogs, and it helps them become happier. The stress hormone falls over time this way, which is good for students’ health. But here comes the next question: Is 20 minutes of playtime with a dog the best amount of time? Scientists are going to keep working to find out the answer. 11．Why is the first paragraph written? A．To raise a difficult question. B．To lead in the topic. C．To shock the readers. D．To show the latest research results. 12．What made the testing results of the three groups different? A．The time. B．The age. C．The activity. D．The place. 13．Which one shows the relationship between students’ stress (x) and cortisol levels (y) ? A． B． C． D． 14．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Trainers. B．Dogs. C．Scientists. D．Students. 15．What may the scientists study next? A．More useful ways to lower stress. B．New skills of keeping pets at home. C．The best amount of time to play with a dog. D．The most suitable kind of dog to play with. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市顺德区养正学校·期末） Dogs are the most popular pets in the world. They help us stay healthy and make us feel good. However, two Australian researchers worry that pet dogs are making changes on the environment. From past studies, the researchers found that medicine on dogs’ fur (皮毛) can wash off into water when they swim. The medicine can be harmful to local wildlife, and birds may even use pieces of the harmful fur to make their nests (鸟巢). Dogs can also pass on illnesses to local wildlife. In Australia, some penguins and special kinds of baby birds have died because of it. Dogs often run through birds’ seaside nesting areas. When this happens, the birds have to keep flying away. All that flying causes exhaustion. And these birds probably have already used up a lot of energy (能量) just to reach the beach. As a result, a smaller number of birds are living in the area and there are fewer kinds of birds too. But the researchers also say the problem isn’t really with dogs—it’s with how many of them we have and how little their owners care about the environment. According to the researchers, there are between 700 million and 1 billion pet dogs in the world. Since we will not stop having dogs as pets, we need to find better ways to love our pet dogs as well as to protect the world we share with them. 16．How does medicine on dogs’ fur go into water? A．When dogs jump into rivers. B．When dogs walk to the beach. C．When dogs play with seabirds. D．When dogs make nests by the river. 17．What causes the death of some penguins in Australia? A．Dogs bite and kill them. B．Dogs take their home away. C．Dogs catch and eat them. D．Dogs make them weak and sick. 18．What does the underlined word “exhaustion” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Tiredness. B．Carelessness. C．Excitement. D．Enjoyment. 19．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①②‖③④‖⑤⑥ B．①‖②③④‖⑤‖⑥ C．①②③④‖⑤‖⑥ D．①②③‖④‖⑤⑥ 20．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To ask people to give up keeping pet dogs. B．To tell people to walk pet dogs at sea sides. C．To show the number of pet dogs all over the world. D．To discuss environmental problems caused by pet dogs. 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东湛江市岭南师范附属中学、东方实验学校联考·期末） For more than a month, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called Deep Seek-RI. The company behind it, also called Deep Seek, is a business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The new AI first appeared on January 20th. In just one week, it beat Open AI’s Chat GPT and became number one free application (应用) in the App Store. What is so special about it? According to Deep Seek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. That is way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have to spend on making similar AI models, said Marc Andreessen, a technology expert in the US. The achievement was largely due to an idea the scientist had while they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, Deep Seek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This makes RI better at reasoning and solving hard problems. What’s more, Deep Seek-RI is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its code (代码). They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng, who set up Deep Seek. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about Deep Seek-RI? A．It’s new. B．It’s popular. C．It’s special. D．It’s free. 2．What is one of the strong points of Deep Seek-RI compared to other AI models? A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others. C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker in solving problems. 3．The word “achievement” refers to ________. A．failure B．success C．problem D．difficulty 4．What is the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of open-source code. B．The challenges faced by Deep Seek-RI. C．The differences between AI models. D．The introduction to Deep Seek-RI. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东梅州东山中学初中部·期末） Since January 2025, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called DeepSeek-R1. The company behind it, also called DeepSeek, is in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The new AI first appeared on January 20th. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the No.1 free app in the App Store. What is so special about it? DeepSeek says the new AI model is as good at hard things like math as other big AI models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It’s also the cheapest of its kind, costing only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. That’s way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars that US companies spend on similar AI models, said a US technology expert. This achievement is mainly because of an idea the scientist had while they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, DeepSeek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL，强化学习). It helps AI learn by finding the right way to do things on its own to get points. So R1 is better at thinking and solving hard problems. What’s more, DeepSeek-R1 is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its code (代码). They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng, who set up DeepSeek. 6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about DeepSeek-R1? A．It’s new. B．It’s popular. C．It’s special. D．It’s free. 7．What is one of the strong points of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models? A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others. C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker in solving problems. 8．The word “achievement” refers to ________. A．failure B．success C．problem D．difficulty 9．How does DeepSeek-R1 learn? A．In a traditional way. B．Through solving hard problems. C．By finding the right way to do things on its own. D．By following all kinds of orders from its creators. 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of open-source code. B．The challenges faced by DeepSeek-R1. C．The differences between AI models. D．The introduction to DeepSeek-R1. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东广州市越秀区华侨外国语学校·期末） From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games, we usually overuse technology. “For many people, a moment without your phone or computer in sight can feel like a lifetime.” the Daily Mail commented. A computer model called Mindy may make many people think twice. A team from a US company built a three-dimensional (3D) model to show the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years. “Spending hours looking down at your phone tires your neck and throws your backbone off balance.” explained Caleb Backe, a health and wellness expert (专家) in the US. This, in turn, will make it more difficult for the muscles in our neck to support the head, making our back hunched and our neck wide. “The way we hold our phones can cause pain in certain muscles of your hands.” Nikola Djordjevic, a doctor in Serbia, told the team. It affects the elbows too, making your arm hurt a lot. Scientifically, it is called cubital tunnel syndrome (肘管综合征). That’s why Mindy has a 90-degree elbow, and her hands look like she’s always holding a mobile phone. Some people also commented that human evolution (进化) may not work this way. They believe that only good changes would be kept over the years. For example, changes that can enable people to live longer, instead of the negative effect of technology. However, human lifestyles nowadays still cause worries. A model called Emma was built by researchers in the UK in 2019 to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years. The research team built Emma based on the health problems mentioned by over 3,000 workers in France, Germany and the UK. Emma’s back stays bent, and her legs are swollen because of the time people spend in front of computers. With little time spent outdoors in the sun, her skin is pale, too. While Mindy and Emma are just predictions about what may happen in the future, they remind us to think more about tech habits. Experts suggest taking breaks, stretching muscles, and balancing screen time with outdoor activities. After all, evolution is kind to those who get used to changes wisely—not those controlled by devices like phones and computers. 11．What does the underlined word “negative” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Useful. B．Harmful. C．Amazing. D．Hopeless. 12．Why did the researchers create “Mindy” and “Emma”? A．To introduce future technology. B．To sell new types of models to doctors. C．To show possible effects of overusing technology. D．To explain how technology improves human health. 13．How does the article support its opinion about technology’s effects? A．By telling stories about future humans. B．By explaining how human evolution works. C．By comparing traditional and modern lifestyles. D．By showing experts’ opinions and research models. 14．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Working outdoors is important. B．More models should be created. C．Technology will make humans healthier. D．Using technology wisely helps us live better. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东深圳市翠园东晓中学·期末） When it is possible that AI may be able to change our lives, we need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future. The book AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes out just in time. In general, written by Catriona Campbell, the book explains how AI will change our lives and what we can do to prepare for the coming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could be very difficult to understand. But thankfully, with over 20 years of professional experience, Campbell writes in simple terms, not like a teacher but like someone who wants to share useful knowledge. By the end, you’ll feel much smarter about AI. According to Campbell, AI is already very smart and will keep improving. Right now, we have “Narrow AI,” which does specific (具体的) tasks. Soon, we may have “General AI,” which thinks more like humans. Later, “Dominant (主导的) AI” could become even more powerful. Campbell warns that we must raise our awareness of AI now—before it’s too late. If we don’t, AI could make decisions without us, leading to serious problems. Campbell’s goal is to wake up those who are responsible for AI — the tech companies and world leaders. They must work with experts to guide AI’s growth. She says we are at a key moment in history. If we act now, we can shape a safe and bright future. But if we wait, AI could become a threat. To avoid disasters, we need clear rules and careful planning. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 15．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If it is read by someone with poor education. B．If it is written by someone with weaker ability. C．If it is reviewed by someone with mean thoughts. D．If it is translated by someone with less knowledge. 16．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the passage? A．It is written for AI experts. B．It is difficult to understand. C．It provides detailed instructions. D．It uses a down-to-earth writing style. 17．What does Campbell ask people to do on AI development? A．Wait for its further development. B．Rethink experts’ opinions about it. C．Learn from past experience to slow it down. D．Make efforts together to keep it under control. 18．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To predict the future of AI. B．To recommend a book on AI. C．To praise an outstanding AI expert. D．To give a brief introduction to Al history. 19．What’s the structure of the passage? A．B． C．D． 主题04 人与自然——航天与航空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东中山市第一中学·期末） Do you ever think about the universe? It’s amazing, isn’t it? How big is it? What’s out there? Are there other planets with life on them? We don’t know yet, but we’re trying to discover more. Some people work hard to learn about the universe. They are astronomers (天文学家) and they look at the stars. Other people design (设计) and make machines and these machines travel in space. These people are astronauts. Astronauts go up into space and look at the earth. They also take photos of the other planets and the stars. Sometimes they live in space for a few days or weeks. They do experiments (实验) and learn about what happens to the human body in space. The space is really mysterious. It’s strange but interesting for us because we don’t know much about them. Soon, some people will be able to travel into space for fun. A company called Virgin Galactic is designing a new kind of plane. This plane can go very fast and very high. People who want to travel in space will pay $200,000 for a ticket. The plane goes up to 100 kilometers above the earth. There are only six passengers and two pilots on the plane. The journey is only two hours, so the passengers don’t get any food. But they can see the earth from space and that’s an amazing thing! This could be the most exciting holiday experience in the future. 1．What do astronauts do in space? A．Do experiments. B．Design new machines. C．Look at the stars. D．All of the above. 2．What does the underlined word “mysterious” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Secret. B．Difficult. C．Strong. D．Terrible. 3．How long is the trip on the new space travel plane? A．Two days. B．Two weeks. C．Two hours. D．Two months. 4．According to the passage, what will people do if they want to travel to space in the future? A．Buy tickets for your family with eight people. B．Pay $200,000 for a ticket on a special plane. C．Enjoy two nights in space. D．Bring food for lunch on the plane. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The history of space travel company B．Anyone out there in space? C．Learn about the universe from astronauts to space traveling D．An exciting holiday experience in space Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市南海区大沥镇初级中学·期末） As it is known to all of us, living in space can be very different from that on Earth. One of the most important differences is that there is no gravity (重力) in space. So many people think living things can’t develop well in space. ▲ A team of American scientists sent mouse embryos (胚胎) to space in August 202l. Then astronauts let them grow on the space station for four days. Guess what happened? The mouse embryos successfully developed just like they do on Earth! The different environment didn’t prevent the development of mouse embryos. The scientists soon shared their study online in the scientific magazine Science. They clearly pointed out that gravity might not bring as many differences to the development of these mouse embryos as they had thought before. When the mouse embryos were sent back to Earth, the scientists also checked their DNAs and genes (基因). They found that they were still the same. However, they still needed to do more studies to make sure everything was okay with the embryos. This surprising research is the first to suggest that mouse embryos can successfully develop in the special environment of space. The team’s next plan is to place these embryos into the mice to see if they can give birth. If that goes well, it may not be impossible for us to see space babies in the future! 6．Which sentence can be put in ________? A．Soon children would like to travel to space. B．Many researchers are trying to solve the problems. C．However, there are also several bad sides about this. D．However, a new discovery may prove (证明) they’re wrong. 7．The underlined word “prevent” in paragraph 2 probably means “________ ” . A．stop B．allow C．follow D．afford 8．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．The embryos’ DNAs didn’t change in space. B．Something was wrong with the embryos in space. C．Gravity brings many differences to the embryos’ growth. D．The mouse embryos in space shared different genes. 9．Next, the research team is going to ________. A．put the embryos into the mice B．send more mouse embryos to space C．take some human babies to space D．study if mice could give birth in space. 10．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The possibility of developing living things in space. B．The discovery of normal growth of mouse embryos in space. C．The activities of American astronauts on the space station. D．The future of giving birth to mouse babies in space. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·广东惠州市第一中学·期末） On April 30, 2025, the Shenzhou-19 spaceship safely landed on Earth. It had a great 183-day trip in space. Three astronauts—Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze—got out of the return module (返回舱). This was a big success for China’s space team! The spaceship took off on October 30, 2024. It did 88 science experiments in space. For example, astronauts studied how life and things grow without the Earth’s pull. They also did three spacewalks. One spacewalk lasted 9 hours—the longest ever by Chinese astronauts. Cai Xuzhe has now walked in space more than any other Chinese astronaut. Song Lingdong, born in 1990, was the first astronaut of his age group to walk in space. Wang Haoze was China’s first woman space station engineer and helped everyone talk and work together well. During spacewalks, astronauts used a robot arm on the Tianhe Core Module and got help from scientists on the ground. They put in things to keep the space station safe from harmful things and also checked the machines outside the space station. ▲ They landed more safely and faster at 13:08 because of improved technology (技术). The success of the Shenzhou-19 journey shows how much China has improved in space technology. It also encourages teenagers to study science and dream big, like reaching for the stars. China will keep making its space program stronger and help the world learn more about space. 11．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By comparing. B．By asking questions. C．By providing examples. D．By giving some facts. 12．What does the underlined word “experiments” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Lights. B．Tests. C．Articles. D．Models. 13．Why did the astronauts use a robot arm during spacewalks? A．To protect the space station from dangerous things. B．To help them walk in space. C．To communicate with scientists on the ground. D．To mix the machines outside the space station. 14．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．They also planted vegetables in the space station. B．They have been to the space. C．The trip back home started at 4:00 a.m. D．There were billions of stars. 15．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．A Successful 183-Day Space Mission B．Three Astronauts’ Spacewalk C．The Return of Shenzhou-19 D．Daily Life in Space Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·广东佛山市顺德区梁开初级中学·期末） On November 7th, 2023, ESA’s Euclid space telescope (望远镜) sent back its first full-colour pictures of the universe. Last July, people sent Euclid into space. Its job is to find out how dark matter and dark energy (能量) have made our universe look the way it does today. 95% of our universe appears to be made of these “dark” things. But we still don’t understand what they are. However, Euclid is able to take a clear picture across a huge part of the sky. This time, Euclid sent back 5 pictures. One of them shows us the spiral galaxy IC 342. It is a look-alike of our Milky Way. Thanks to its infrared view (红外线视图), Euclid has already uncovered very important information about the stars in this galaxy. Euclid’s first full-colour pictures of the universe are not only beautiful, but also very helpful for scientists. They show that Euclid is working quite well and that scientists can use it to study the matters in the universe. In the coming months, scientists will study the pictures taken by Euclid, extract (提取) information from them and write many scientific papers. What’s more, over the next six years, Euclid will take a close look at billions of galaxies 10 billion light years from us. By doing this, it will create the largest 3D map ever made. And the pictures by it will take us common people to a much farther universe. 16．Why did people send Euclid into space? A．To make a 3D map of the universe. B．To study dark matter and dark energy. C．To take full-colour pictures of astronauts. D．To find more galaxies like our Milky Way. 17．What do we know about the dark things? A．People know them very well. B．They are useless for us humans. C．They are unusual in the universe. D．Scientists are still studying them. 18．The underlined word “uncovered” probably means “______”. A．changed B．discovered C．missed D．used 19．What is NOT mentioned about Euclid in the passage? A．How people created it. B．What it will do in space. C．When people sent it into space. D．What its first full-colour pictures. 20．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Euclid and its first full-colour pictures B．The largest 3D map by Euclid C．Dark things in the universe D．Scientific papers on Euclid / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解说明文 基础 必练 主题01人与社会—发明与创造 Passage 1 1.C 2.D3.B 4.A5.D Passage 2 6.D7.A8.B9.A 10.D Passage 3 11.B 12.B13.C14.D15.A Passage 4 16.C 17.B18.D 19.A20.B 主题02人与自然一动物与植物 Passage 1 1.B 2.A3.C4.C5.A Passage 2 6.D7.D8.C9.B10.A 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 3 11.D 12.C13.C 14.D Passage 4 15.B 16.C17.D18.C19.D 主题03人与自我—食物 Passage 1 1.A2.B 3.A4.C5.C Passage 2 6.D 7.C8.C9.D 10.D Passage 3 11.C 12.C13.A Passage 4 14.C15.C 16.B17.D 进阶提升 主题01人与自我 -方法与策略 Passage 1 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.D2.A3.B 4.D 5.A Passage 2 6.B 7.D8.B9.B10.C Passage 3 11.B 12.C13.C14.B 15.D Passage 4 16.A 17.B18.C 19.B 主题02人与社会一—科普知识 Passage 1 1.D 2.A3.C4.A 5.B Passage 2 6.C7.A8.D9.B10.A Passage 3 11.B 12.C13.A14.D15.C Passage 4 16.A 17.D18.A 19.B20.D 主题03人与社会—科技术 Passage 1 厨学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.B2.A3.B 4.B5.D Passage 2 6.B 7.A8.B9.C10.D Passage 3 11.B 12.C13.D 14.D Passage 4 15.A 16.D17.D18.B19.C 主题04人与自然一航天与航空 Passage 1 1.A2.A3.C4.B5.C Passage 2 6.D7.A8.A9.A10.B Passage 3 11.D 12.B13.A14.C15.A Passage 4 16.B 17.D18.B19.A20.A