专题01 阅读理解 （期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语期末阅读理解，按应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文+文体分类训练，覆盖细节理解、推理判断等核心能力，系统性提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|4篇|以展览、课程等实用文本为主，考查信息定位与数据计算|从具体信息提取到实际应用，培养快速获取关键信息能力| |记叙文|4篇|含个人经历、人物故事，侧重主旨归纳与情感态度|通过叙事线索分析，提升逻辑推理与共情能力| |说明文|6篇|涵盖环保、科技等主题，关注说明对象与方法|从现象到原理，构建科学认知与抽象思维| |议论文+文体|4篇|涉及社会议题与文学作品，考查观点提炼与论证分析|结合文化背景，发展批判性思维与跨文化理解|

专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（4篇） Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．B Passage 2 4. B 5. C 6. B Passage 3 7．B 8．C 9．A Passage 4 10. A 11. D 12. A 语篇类型二: 记叙文（4篇） Passage 1 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A Passage 2 5. B 6. C 7. A 8．D Passage 3 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A Passage 4 13. D 14. C 15. A 16．B 语篇类型三: 说明文（6篇） Passage 1 1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B Passage 2 5. D 6. A 7. D 8．C Passage 3 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．D Passage 4 13. A 14. A 15. C 16．B Passage 5 17．C 18．A 19．B 20. C Passage 6 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 语篇类型四: 议论文+ 文体（4篇） Passage 1 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D Passage 2 5. C 6. D 7. C 8．A Passage 3 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．B Passage 4 13. C 14. A 15. C 16．B Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．B Passage 2 4. A 5. D 6. B 7．D Passage 3 8．D 9．C 10．D 11．A Passage 4 12. B 13. A 14. D 15．D Passage 5 16．A 17．D 18．A 19. D Passage 6 20. D 21. D 22. B 23. C ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（4篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年江苏省南京市高一下学期6月期末) Picturing Pickwick: The Art of The Pickwick Papers Published serially from 1836 to 1837, The Pickwick Papers formed Charles Dickens’s first novel. It helped to kick-start Dickens’s career, and continues to excite readers’ imaginations today. Picturing Pickwick explores the illustrations of this incredible book, which began with the cooperation between Dickens and the illustrator Robert Seymour. The exhibition, which runs from 6th April 2024 to 11th September 2024, explores the relationship between Dickens and his illustrators, and includes original illustrations of The Pickwick Papers, a page of the original manuscript, and historic monthly instalments (连载) of the story, some of which was penned here at 48 Doughty Street. The exhibition showcases a series of works by Anna Marongiu, an Italian artist who created 262 illustrations of The Pickwick Papers between 1928 and 1929. These rich artworks picture scenes from the novel that have rarely been illustrated. This is the first time they have been on display in the UK to celebrate the unique talent of Marongiu, whose own life was cut short in 1941 by a plane crash when she was just 34. Her Pickwick series was given to the Charles Dickens Museum by her family in the 1980s. The Pickwick Papers caused a sensation when it was published, inspiring ‘Pickwick Clubs’ and societies to be set up in honour of the work. The exhibition features items including an 1837 Pickwick Club MinuteBook, which records the debates of one such society. The display will also note the international reaction to the novel, exploring how the story came to Italy, where it would inspire such incredible artistry within Marongiu. Admission: Adult: £12.50; Child 6-16 years: £7.50; Child < 6 years: Free. Address: The Charles Dickens Museum, 48 Doughty Street, London WC1N 2LX. 1．What can be learned about the exhibition? A．It takes place in the second half of 2024. B．It reveals the stories behind The Pickwick Papers. C．It explores Dickens’s early career. D．It invites visitors to illustrate Dickens’s novels. 2．What do we know about Marongiu? A．She wasn’t acknowledged as an artist until 1941. B．She wasn’t interested in Dickens’s writing styles. C．She died young because of a serious disease. D．She did her Pickwick series in the 1920s. 3．How much should a 5-year-old boy and his parents pay for the exhibition? A．£20.00. B．£25.00. C．£32.50. D．£37.50. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍2024年4月6日至9月11日，伦敦狄更斯博物馆举办“Picturing Pickwick”展览，展示《匹克威克外传》插图等，含马隆吉乌作品，介绍相关背景。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Picturing Pickwick explores the illustrations of this incredible book, which began with the cooperation between Dickens and the illustrator Robert Seymour. The exhibition, which runs from 6th April 2024 to 11th September 2024, explores the relationship between Dickens and his illustrators, and includes original illustrations of The Pickwick Papers, a page of the original manuscript, and historic monthly instalments (连载) of the story, some of which was penned here at 48 Doughty Street.(Picturing Pickwick探索了这本令人难以置信的书的插图，这始于狄更斯和插画家罗伯特・西摩的合作。这次展览将于2024年4月6日至2024年9月11日举行，探索了狄更斯和他的插画家之间的关系，包括《匹克威克外传》的原始插图、一页原始手稿，以及故事的历史性月度分期作品，其中一些是在道蒂街48号写的。)”可知，这次展览揭示了《匹克威克外传》背后的故事，包括插图创作以及狄更斯和插画家的关系等。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The exhibition showcases a series of works by Anna Marongiu, an Italian artist who created 262 illustrations of The Pickwick Papers between 1928 and 1929.(展览展示了意大利艺术家安娜・马隆吉乌的一系列作品，她在1928年至1929年间为《匹克威克外传》创作了262幅插图。)”可知，马隆吉乌在20世纪20年代创作了她的“匹克威克”系列作品。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Admission:(门票：)“ Adult: £12.50; Child 6 - 16 years: £7.50; Child < 6 years: Free.(成人：12.50 英镑；6 - 16 岁儿童：7.50 英镑；6 岁以下儿童：免费)”可知，一个5岁男孩和他的父母去参观展览，父母需购买两张成人票，共 £12.50×2 = £25.00，5 岁男孩免费，所以他们一共需要支付 25 英镑。故选B项。 Passage 2 (2024-2025学年江苏省连云港市赣榆区高一下学期6月期末) Secondary Plus Online With Secondary Plus for 11-to 17-year-olds, you will learn with expert teachers in a supportive environment. Build your confidence to communicate in English and develop the life skills you need for a global world. This course is available in four learning plans to offer flexibility. Learning is a lifelong process and the 24-week learning plan will help you become an independent learner, and develop future life skills and a strong foundation in English learning. PRICE & DURATION You can study flexibly in 6, 12, or 18 weeks. We recommend the 12-week study plan to maximise learning and enhance communication skills. Course Duration 6-week learning plans 12-week learning plans Number of learning hours 12 hours of teacher-taught learning 12 hours of self-access learning 24 hours of teacher-taught learning 24 hours of self-access learning Course fee INR 6,000 INR 10,800 (with 10% discount) Price per class INR 500 INR 450 PLEASE NOTE The Secondary Plus Online course can be accessed using a desktop computer or a laptop. We want to make sure all our students enjoy a quality learning experience. You may face login (登陆) issues while accessing the course using a tablet; hence we don’t advise it. Registration will close 24 hours prior to course commencement (开始). Each time slot (时段) has limited seat availability. Registrations are on a first-come-first-served basis only. Classes will commence with minimum registrations to ensure an engaging learning experience. In case of less registration, the Customer Service team will contact you to agree on options. 4．Which learning plan is recommended for 11-to 17-year-olds? A．The 6-week learning plan. B．The 12-week learning plan. C．The 18-week learning plan. D．The 24-week learning plan. 5．How much should an applicant pay for 6 weeks of learning? A．INR 450. B．INR 500. C．INR 6,000. D．INR 10,800. 6．What should applicants pay attention to? A．Using tablets when login issues appear. B．Registering 24 hours before the course starts. C．Choosing courses with minimum registration restrictions. D．Contacting the Customer Service team during working hours. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Secondary Plus 在线课程的情况。 4．细节理解题。根据PRICE & DURATION部分“We recommend the 12-week study plan to maximise learning and enhance communication skills.(我们推荐这个为期 12 周的学习计划，旨在最大限度地促进学习并提升沟通能力)”可知，对于11至17岁的青少年，推荐采用为期12周的学习计划。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据表格中“6-week learning plans；INR 6,000 (6周学习计划；6000印度卢比)”可知，申请者要支付6000印度卢比才能参加为期6周的学习课程。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Registration will close 24 hours prior to course commencement (开始).(报名将于课程开始前 24 小时截止)”可知，申请者应该注意在课程开始前24小时进行注册。故选B。 Passage 3 (2024-2025学年河北省雄安新区雄安十校高一下学期7月期末) Where to Eat Chinese Food on Christmas in Charm City It doesn’t feel like Christmas without a plate of Chinese dish. Here are a few of Baltimore’s Chinese food restaurants that are open on Christmas Day. Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro: Head to this Towson hangout to try Sichuan dishes that include salty, sour, sweet, and even floral flavors (花香). Besides spicy hot pots, the menu lists offerings like steamed chicken, stir-fried Shanghai cabbage, and sweet-and-sour fish, which support food delivery service. Location: 11 Allegheny Ave. Towson. Grace Garden: This Odenton treasure is all about typical Chinese style. Look out for family-style servings of pocket tofu, fish noodles, and tea - smoked duck with perfectly crisp (酥脆的) skin. The sugary fried rolls are also a must to end the meal on a sweet note. Location: 1690 Annapolis Rd., Odenton. Sonny Lee’ s Hunan Taste: In addition to the delicious dishes, the comforting atmosphere of this beautifully decorated restaurant has made it the most popular spot in the community for more than a decade. The service is always first-rate, and maybe you’re lucky enough to meet Sonny himself, who is making his rounds greeting guests or carving Peking duck at your table. Location: 750 Main St. Suite 104A, Reisterstown. Peter Chang Baltimore: Located near the Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, this restaurant is a destination for Chinese cakes, bubble tea, and a lengthy list of other vegan, seafood, and noodle dishes. Sit comfortably at the table and place a takeout order, but whatever you do, do not forget the sweet course. Location: 1923 Ashland Ave. Maryland 21205. 7．Which restaurant provides pocket tofu? A．Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro. B．Grace Garden. C．Sonny Lee’s Hunan Taste. D．Peter Chang Baltimore. 8．Where can you go for the Peking duck served by Sonny? A．11 Allegheny Ave. Towson. B．1690 Annapolis Rd., Odenton. C．750 Main St. Suite 104A, Reisterstown. D．1923 Ashland Ave. Maryland 21205. 9．What do Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro and Peter Chang Baltimore have in common? A．They offer takeout service. B．Their steamed dishes are popular. C．They are near a university campus. D．Their dining environment is first class. 【答案】7．B 8．C 9．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了在巴尔的摩圣诞节期间可以品尝中国美食的几家餐厅，包括各餐厅的特色菜品和具体位置等信息。 7．细节理解题。根据Grace Garden部分中“Look out for family - style servings of pocket tofu, fish noodles, and tea - smoked duck with perfectly crisp (酥脆的) skin. (留意家庭式的口袋豆腐、鱼面和皮酥脆的茶熏鸭)”可知，Grace Garden餐厅提供口袋豆腐。故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据Sonny Lee’s Hunan Taste部分中“Location: 750 Main St. Suite 104A, Reisterstown. (地址：750 主街，104A 套房，雷斯特镇)”以及“The service is always first-rate, and maybe you’re lucky enough to meet Sonny himself, who is making his rounds greeting guests or carving Peking duck at your table. (这里的服务始终是一流的，而且你或许足够幸运，能见到桑尼本人。他正四处走动，问候宾客，还可能会在你桌前为你片北京烤鸭)”可知，在Reisterstown的750 Main St. Suite 104A可以品尝到Sonny亲自服务的北京烤鸭。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro部分中“which support food delivery service. (支持外卖服务)”和Peter Chang Baltimore部分中“Sit comfortably at the table and place a takeout order, (舒适地坐在桌旁，点一份外卖)”可知，Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro和Peter Chang Baltimore都提到了外卖服务，所以它们的共同点是都提供外卖服务。故选A项。 Passage 4 (2024-2025学年浙江省嘉兴市高一下学期6月期末) Traveling doesn’t mean ignoring your workout! San Francisco’s top hotels offer gyms that provide you with wonderful experiences, blending (融合) convenience with comfort. These four hotels deliver unusual fitness experiences. Hotel Zetta Address: 55 5th St, San Francisco, CA94103, USA Tel: (415) 453-8555 Located in the heart of San Francisco, this hotel has a 24-hour gym with modern exercise machines and equipment. Some rooms even include exercise bicycles, not to mention a fridge with free packed snacks. It’s a great place for any gym rat! Westin St. Francis Address: 335 Powell St, San Francisco, CA94102, USA Tel: (415) 397-7000 This 6,000-square-foot gym here stays open all day with various machines. If you forget your running shoes at home or fail to pack your workout clothes, don’t worry: Westin St. Francis and New Balance (NB) have teamed up to provide you with clean sports shoes and clothes for a $5 fee per stay. Palace Hotel Address: 2 New Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA94105, USA Tel: (415)512-1111 Palace Hotel’s updated fitness center has its own floor exercise room and features a nice indoor pool area with comfortable seating. After the tough exercising, you can relax in warm water baths. Hotel Drisco Address: 2901 Pacific Ave, San Francisco, CA94115, USA Tel: (415)346-2880 Along with a 24-hour fitness center, Hotel Drisco provides bicycles for free, together with helmets, locks, and backpacks for storing your belongings as you ride. In addition, you can also receive free access to a nearby youth club with a swimming pool, exercise classes, and guided hikes through the park. 10．Which hotel can offer guests free packed snacks? A．Hotel Zetta. B．Westin St. Francis. C．Palace Hotel. D．Hotel Drisco. 11．What do Westin St. Francis and Hotel Drisco have in common? A．Both partner with New Balance. B．Both have an indoor swimming pool. C．Both offer bicycle rental for free. D．Both provide a 24-hour fitness center. 12．Who might be most interested in the hotels mentioned in the text? A．Sports-loving tourists. B．Hotel-reviewing experts. C．Victory-pursuing athletes. D．Adventure-seeking explorers. 【答案】10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍旧金山四家提供独特健身体验的顶级酒店。 【详解】10．细节理解题。根据Hotel Zetta部分中的“Some rooms even include exercise bicycles, not to mention a fridge with free packed snacks.(有些房间甚至配有健身自行车，更不用说一个装有免费包装零食的冰箱了)”可知，Hotel Zetta能为客人提供免费包装零食。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据Westin St. Francis部分中的“This 6,000-square-foot gym here stays open all day with various machines.(这间6000平方英尺的健身房全天开放，配备各种器械)”以及Hotel Drisco部分中的“Along with a 24-hour fitness center, Hotel Drisco provides bicycles for free, together with helmets, locks, and backpacks for storing your belongings as you ride. (除了24小时健身中心，德里斯科酒店还免费提供自行车，同时配备头盔、车锁和用于骑行时存放物品的背包)”可知，Westin St. Francis和Hotel Drisco的共同之处是都提供24小时健身中心。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Traveling doesn’t mean ignoring your workout! San Francisco’s top hotels offer gyms that provide you with wonderful experiences, blending (融合) convenience with comfort.(旅行并不意味着忽视你的锻炼！旧金山的顶级酒店提供健身房，为你提供美妙的体验，将便利与舒适融为一体)”可知，热爱运动的游客可能对文中提到的酒店最感兴趣。故选A项。 语篇类型二: 记叙文（4篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年浙江省台州市高一下学期6月期末) It was 3 a.m. when my phone buzzed (嗡嗡声) repeatedly, disturbing my baby who had just fallen asleep after an hour of rocking. It was a WhatsApp message from a mom friend. The screen lit up with a flood of messages — fellow moms discussing sleeping training, arranging playdates, and sharing Instagram posts about motherhood. Their cheerful “We can do this, mamas!” only increased my tiredness. The blue light from my phone screen left me wide awake with a racing heart. It’s in this moment that I made my change, sliding my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to access the control centre, hitting wildly at the little moon pattern that stops notifications (通知) in their tracks, and hanging up my virtual door sign: Do Not Disturb. That was three years ago. Since then, I’ve seldom turned notifications back on, except when waiting for important calls. I do not want to be disturbed; nor, actually, do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler (学步儿童) or his new baby brother does. Sure, I’m not easily reachable, which upsets my partner, but I’m calmer not being always there for the world and those WhatsApp-mad moms. I still work on my self-control to avoid checking my phone all the time for fear of missing out. The pull of unread messages is strong, but in general, the benefit to my mental health, sleep, and parenting is obvious. My phone is still a big part of my life, but it no longer disturbs my daily life as much as before. I believe this change has made me a better and more caring mother. There are, after all, few things that seek quite as much attention as toddlers and WhatsApp groups. Given the choice, I’d rather focus on my three-year-old trying to climb curtains, put the dog in the washing machine, or feed his baby brother a stick of chalk than on a phone buzzing with notifications pretending to be urgent. 1．What made the author turn on “Do Not Disturb” three years ago? A．Nonstop late-night messages. B．Complaints about phone overuse. C．Pointless mom-group chats. D．Failures in baby sleeping training. 2．Why does the author mention her children in paragraph 3? A．To show her busy schedules. B．To describe her family affairs. C．To explain her turning off notifications. D．To compare her children’s attention needs. 3．What is the author’s current phone usage like? A．She maintains strict control over notifications. B．She checks messages continuously for updates. C．She feels pressured to respond to every group message. D．She finds it impossible to balance phone use with parenting. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To share her phone-habit change. B．To solve problems in socializing. C．To warn against smartphone overuse. D．To discuss digital-age parenting struggles. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在深夜被手机消息打扰后，决定关闭手机通知功能，并分享了这一改变带来的积极影响，包括改善睡眠、提升心理健康以及更好地专注于育儿等。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It was a WhatsApp message from a mom friend. The screen lit up with a flood of messages — fellow moms discussing sleeping training, arranging playdates, and sharing Instagram posts about motherhood. Their cheerful “We can do this, mamas!” only increased my tiredness. The blue light from my phone screen left me wide awake with a racing heart.(那是一位妈妈朋友发来的WhatsApp消息，屏幕上瞬间弹出大量信息——妈妈们在讨论睡眠训练、安排亲子聚会，分享关于育儿的Instagram帖子。她们那句欢快的“妈妈们，我们能行！”反而让我更加疲惫。手机屏幕的蓝光让我心跳加速，毫无睡意。)”以及第二段“It’s in this moment that I made my change, sliding my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to access the control centre, hitting wildly at the little moon pattern that stops notifications (通知) in their tracks, and hanging up my virtual door sign: Do Not Disturb.(就在那一刻，我做出了改变：手指从手机右上角下滑打开控制中心，急切地点击那个像月亮的图标，它能阻止通知弹出，也相当于挂上了虚拟的“请勿打扰”牌。)”可知，，作者在凌晨3点被手机不断震动的WhatsApp消息打扰，导致宝宝醒来，随后决定开启“请勿打扰”模式。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I do not want to be disturbed; nor, actually, do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler (学步儿童) or his new baby brother does. Sure, I’m not easily reachable, which upsets my partner, but I’m calmer not being always there for the world and those WhatsApp-mad moms.(我不想被打扰，事实上，我也不希望手机像我蹒跚学步的孩子和他刚出生的弟弟那样占据我太多注意力。当然，别人很难联系到我，这让我的伴侣有些不满，但不再时刻回应这个世界和那些沉迷WhatsApp的妈妈们，我反而更平静了。)”可知，作者提到不希望手机像孩子一样占据太多注意力，直接解释了她关闭通知的原因——将育儿需求置于手机之上。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“That was three years ago. Since then, I’ve seldom turned notifications back on, except when waiting for important calls.(这是三年前的事了。从那以后，除了等重要电话，我很少再打开通知。)”可知，作者除必要情况外很少开启通知，维持着对通知的严格控制。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I believe this change has made me a better and more caring mother.(我相信这个改变让我成为了更优秀、更贴心的母亲。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者因深夜消息打扰而关闭手机通知的经历，详细描述了这一改变的过程、影响及个人感悟，由此可知，文章主要目的是“分享手机使用习惯的改变”。故选A。 Passage 2 (2024-2025学年安徽省宣城市高一下学期期末考试) Sandoval, who comes from Los Angeles, has traveled and filmed in over 50 countries across seven continents and now lives in China. “In 2008, tired of my studio work in the U.S, I came to China, with the hope of trying something different for myself.” he said. Sandoval is a professional photographer and he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then. To him, Chengdu is the capital of a laid-back lifestyle. He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets “as slowly as snails”. Almost a “walking encyclopedia” of Chengdu, Sandoval covered every corner of Chengdu and recorded Chengduese and their lives with his camera, listening to the sound of mahjong being played and music from traditional stringed instruments. He also goes from place to place with his heavy travel kit. The various culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning. He remembers a wide range of adventures like exploring a local vineyard and local wine in Yinchuan City, a riding performance by a Mongolian ethnic group in the Shuidonggou Horse Riding Show, and then the totally different experience of visiting the Hainan Free Trade Port in the south. He thinks he has done a lot in “this beautiful and vast country” with his “travel photos”. “I try to show people the beauty of where I go. I try to inspire them to travel and go to places. I’m hoping to do more international work,” he said. 5．Why did Sandoval come to China in 2008? A．He was not good at studio work in the U. S. B．He wanted to seek for something different. C．He had a preference for international work. D．He was attracted by China’s natural scenery. 6．What does the underlined word “laid-back” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fast-paced. B．Healthy. C．Leisurely. D．Simple. 7．Sandoval’s experiences around China are mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show . A．his fascination for Chinese culture B．his superb photo technique C．his desire for new careers D．his diverse hobbies 8．What is the writing purpose of this passage? A．To praise Sandoval for his studio work in the U. S. B．To facilitate the development of tourism in Chengdu. C．To call on readers to take up photography as a hobby. D．To introduce the experience of a foreign photographer in China. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自美国洛杉矶的专业摄影师Sandoval，2008年来到中国后，因喜爱中国文化与生活，不仅定居成都记录当地生活，还游历中国多地并用摄影作品展现中国之美，且计划开展更多国际相关工作的经历。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2008, tired of my studio work in the U.S, I came to China, with the hope of trying something different for myself.(2008年，我厌倦了在美国的工作室工作，来到中国，希望为自己尝试一些不同的事情。)”可知，Sandoval于2008年来到中国是因为想尝试不同的事物。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets ‘as slowly as snails’.(他很高兴地看到，居民们穿着时髦或舒适的衣服，‘像蜗牛一样慢’地在街上漫步。)”可知，成都居民生活节奏缓慢，由此可推测laid-back指“悠闲的、放松的”。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“The various culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning.(多样的文化和广阔美丽的土地让他在中国停留的时间比最初计划的要长得多。)”以及其后列举的在银川、参加蒙古族马术表演、参观海南自由贸易港等经历可知，这些经历是为了体现他对中国文化的喜爱与着迷。故选A。 8．推理判断题。 通读全文，根据第二段“Sandoval is a professional photographer and he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then.(Sandoval是一名专业摄影师，他于2008年10月来到中国西南部的成都生活，此后游历了全国各地。)”可知，文章围绕美国摄影师Sandoval来到中国后的生活、游历经历以及他用摄影记录中国、展现中国之美的想法展开，核心是介绍这位外国摄影师在中国的经历。故选D。 Passage 3 (2024-2025学年安徽省阜阳市临泉县高一下学期7月期末) I grew up as an only child, enjoying free-range childhood adventures in nature. I would disappear into the forest, fascinated by the mysterious stories of animals around me. When I was about seven, I came across a little cat seriously injured by a board. The vet (兽医) examined her mouth and said, “She’s not going to make it.” I couldn’t understand how he knew that. That moment awakened my interest in understanding animals, and I decided to become a vet. I eventually earned a degree and spent over 25 years working as an environmental health scientist. In 2017, concerns about antibiotic resistance (抗生素抗药性) led the US government to change laws, meaning beekeepers could no longer buy antibiotics over the counter; they now required a prescription (处方). This change inspired me to establish a veterinary practice specifically for bees—a unique field in the US. As a bee vet, I assist beekeepers facing various issues in their hives (蜂箱). European foulbrood, a disease often detectable by its special sweet smell, is especially harmful to babies. The queen survives, but over weeks or months, the colony fails. We’ve had terrible weather here. If bees are struggling to find food, it can put them at risk. Last February was really warm, and wild bees were coming out of hibernation (冬眠) only to find nothing for them to eat. This mismatch in timing is one of the leading risks to both honeybees and wild bees. Honeybees are protected from some environmental pressures because we house them, we feed them, and we care for them. It is the wild bees that I’m extremely worried about—they depend on how well the environment is supporting them. My first approach to learning this profession was books, but books can only take me so far. I feel like every bee is so precious now, especially early in the year. That is often when the wild bee queens are out and may be weak. Saving her can save a whole colony. So a lot is resting on that one bee: If I can help her, I will. 9．What inspired the author to become a vet? A．The experiences of raising pet cats. B．The joy of exploring nature as a child. C．The need for a vet specializing in bees. D．The words of a vet about an injured cat. 10．Why did the author establish a veterinary practice for bees? A．The government banned antibiotics for bees. B．Beekeepers needed prescriptions for antibiotics. C．Bee diseases had become more difficult to treat. D．Beekeeping had become more popular in the US. 11．According to the author, what is probably the deadliest threat to wild bees? A．The overuse of antibiotics. B．The increased honey demands. C．The abnormal weather patterns. D．The competition from farmed bees. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．A Vet’s Journey to Saving Bees B．A New Challenge for Beekeepers C．The Hidden Dangers of Antibiotics D．The Concerning Loss of Bee Population 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从小对动物产生兴趣，成为兽医后，因美国政府对抗生素使用的法律变更，进而开创蜜蜂兽医这一独特职业，并致力于拯救蜜蜂的经历。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was about seven, I came across a little cat seriously injured by a board. The vet (兽医) examined her mouth and said, “She’s not going to make it.” I couldn't understand how he knew that. That moment awakened my interest in understanding animals, and I decided to become a vet. (大约七岁时，我遇到了一只被木板严重砸伤的小猫。兽医检查了它的嘴巴后说：“它活不下来了。” 我不明白他是怎么知道的。那一刻唤醒了我了解动物的兴趣，于是我决定成为一名兽医)”可知，作者成为兽医的灵感来源于兽医对一只受伤猫的判断。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2017, concerns about antibiotic resistance (抗生素抗药性) led the US government to change laws, meaning beekeepers could no longer buy antibiotics over the counter; they now required a prescription (处方). This change inspired me to establish a veterinary practice specifically for bees—a unique field in the US. (2017年，出于对抗生素耐药性的担忧，美国政府修订了相关法律，这意味着养蜂人再也不能在柜台直接购买抗生素，而是需要凭处方才能获取。这一法律变化促使我创办了专门为蜜蜂提供服务的兽医业务——这在美国是一个独特的领域)”可知，作者建立蜜蜂兽医诊所的原因是养蜂人需要处方才能购买抗生素。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“If bees are struggling to find food, it can put them at risk. Last February was really warm, and wild bees were coming out of hibernation (冬眠) only to find nothing for them to eat. This mismatch in timing is one of the leading risks to both honeybees and wild bees. (如果蜜蜂难以找到食物，它们就会面临风险。去年二月非常温暖，野蜂从冬眠中醒来，却发现没有食物可吃。这种时间上的不匹配是蜜蜂和野蜂面临的主要风险之一)”可知，作者认为异常天气模式对野蜂来说是最大的威胁。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“In 2017, concerns about antibiotic resistance (抗生素抗药性) led the US government to change laws, meaning beekeepers could no longer buy antibiotics over the counter; they now required a prescription (处方). This change inspired me to establish a veterinary practice specifically for bees—a unique field in the US. (2017年，出于对抗生素耐药性的担忧，美国政府修订了相关法律，这意味着养蜂人再也不能在柜台直接购买抗生素，而是需要凭处方才能获取。这一法律变化促使我创办了专门为蜜蜂提供服务的兽医业务——这在美国是一个独特的领域)”可知，作者从童年立志成为兽医，到转型为蜜蜂专科兽医、保护野生蜜蜂的经历展开，强调其职业旅程与救蜂行动。A项“A Vet’s Journey to Saving Bees(兽医拯救蜜蜂的历程)”可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 (2024-2025学年福建省漳州市高一下学期期末考试) In Kenya’s countryside, many women had to struggle with dried-up streams, food shortages, and long journeys to collect firewood for fuel and fencing — problems mainly caused by deforestation (森林砍伐). To solve these issues, Professor Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement (GBM) in 1977 to encourage women to work together to plant trees, which would help hold soil, store rainwater, and provide food and firewood. By doing so, they could also earn small payments for their work. The movement started with just seven trees planted on World Environment Day in 1977. Yet within months, it grew into a national effort with thousands of trees planted in rows to form “green belts”. As the trees took root, Professor Maathai saw something deeper. The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions. In response, the Green Belt Movement launched the Community Empowerment (赋权) and Education conferences to teach people how to stand up for their rights while protecting the land, empowering women to lead and challenge the traditional roles. Looking back, the journey has by no means been easy. Time and again, the group stood against powerful interests — from stopping a 60-story building in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park (1989) to saving Karura Forest from privatization (1999). These victories came at great risk. Professor Maathai and members always faced violent attacks and even death threats during protests. Yet, GBM never stopped. To date, hundreds of thousands of women have become involved, and over 5,000 tree farms have been established. More than 51 million trees have been planted — on farms, in schools and churches, along rivers, and throughout the nation, contributing significantly to environmental protection and sustainable (可持续的)development. In 2004, Professor Maathai was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to sustainable development, democracy (民主) and peace. Today, the work of Professor Maathai and the Green Belt Movement continues to stand as living proof that small actions make big changes. 13．Why did Professor Maathai originally start the Green Belt Movement? A．To ensure food safety. B．To create job opportunities. C．To unite women for land rights. D．To help women overcome environmental hardships. 14．What did Professor Maathai realize after the movement started? A．Lack of community fund. B．Strong disagreements from powerful interests. C．Women’s absence from community decisions. D．Difficulty in growing trees in drought-hit areas. 15．Which of the following best describes the Green Belt Movement? A．Tough but successful. B．Traditional but significant. C．Unrecognized but sustainable. D．Limited but well-known. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Trees for a Greener World B．Green Roots to Empowerment C．Facing Preservation Challenges D．Empowering Women through Leadership 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马塔伊教授创立绿带运动GBM并且发展至今，通过植树等一系列运动帮助女性获得权力。 【详解】13．细节理解题。根据首段中的“To solve these issues, Professor Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement (GBM) in 1977 to encourage women to work together to plant trees, which would help hold soil, store rainwater, and provide food and firewood.(为了解决这些问题，王加里·马塔伊教授于1977 年创立绿带运动GBM，旨在鼓励女性团结起来种植树木，这些树木将有助于保持土壤、储存雨水并提供食物和柴火)”可推断，马塔伊教授开始创立绿带运动的原因是帮助女性团结起来改善自然环境。选项D表示“为了帮助女性克服环境困难”，与推断内容相吻合。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the trees took root, Professor Maathai saw something deeper. The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions.(随着树木扎根生长，马塔伊教授有了更深刻的感悟。这些妇女的抗争不仅是因为干旱，还因为她们在社区决策中缺乏话语权)”可知，马塔伊教授意识到女性无法参与社区决策。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Looking back, the journey has by no means been easy. Time and again, the group stood against powerful interests — from stopping a 60-story building in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park (1989) to saving Karura Forest from privatization (1999). These victories came at great risk. (回首往事，这段历程绝非一帆风顺。他们一次又一次地与强大的势力作斗争——从阻止内罗毕乌胡鲁公园上建造一座60 层的高楼（1989 年），到阻止卡鲁拉森林被私有化（1999 年）。这些胜利来之不易，付出了巨大的代价)”可知，绿带运动的历程艰难但还是成功了。故选A项。 16．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“To solve these issues, Professor Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement (GBM) in 1977 to encourage women to work together to plant trees, which would help hold soil, store rainwater, and provide food and firewood.(为了解决这些问题，王加里·马塔伊教授于1977 年创立绿带运动GBM，旨在鼓励女性团结起来种植树木，这些树木将有助于保持土壤、储存雨水并提供食物和柴火)”、第二段中的“ In response, the Green Belt Movement launched the Community Empowerment and Education conferences to teach people how to stand up for their rights while protecting the land, empowering women to lead and challenge the traditional roles.(对此，绿色护林运动发起了社区赋权与教育会议，旨在教导人们如何在保护土地的同时维护自身权利，同时赋予女性领导和挑战传统角色的权力)”、第三段中的“Looking back, the journey has by no means been easy. Time and again, the group stood against powerful interests — from stopping a 60-story building in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park (1989) to saving Karura Forest from privatization (1999). These victories came at great risk. (回首往事，这段历程绝非一帆风顺。他们一次又一次地与强大的势力作斗争——从阻止内罗毕乌胡鲁公园上建造一座60 层的高楼（1989 年），到阻止卡鲁拉森林被私有化（1999 年）。这些胜利来之不易，付出了巨大的代价)”以及末段末句“Today, the work of Professor Maathai and the Green Belt Movement continues to stand as living proof that small actions make big changes. (如今，马塔伊教授的事业以及“绿带运动”仍在继续，它生动地证明了小小的行动也能带来巨大的改变)”可知，本文旨在说明绿带运动不光保护环境，而且赋予女性权力。选项B表示“绿色根基到赋权”，涵盖本文的中心。故选B项。 语篇类型三: 说明文（6篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年湖南省永州市高一下学期期末质量监测) Danish recycling artist and climate activist Thomas Dambo is introducing his large troll sculptures (巨魔雕塑) to the United States. Together with 22 troll builders, Dambo has created 10 sculptures that spread from the East Coast to the West Coast. His U.S. tour, titled “Way of the Bird King”, uses thousands of thrown- away palettes (调色板) to create these magical woodland creatures. “It has always been a dream of mine to go on a coast-to-coast road trip, especially since my days as a rapper touring around Denmark in a big bus,” says Dambo. “So, in a way, this feels like my big American breakthrough. My hope is that these sculptures will not only show the beauty of recycled materials but also inspire people to reconnect with nature, and promote a greater sense of environmental responsibility.” Starting in New Jersey and finishing in Washington State, “Way of the Bird King” continues to use recycled materials to tell a story of honoring nature and protecting land and waterways. Along with the installations (雕塑装置), Dambo has also been hosting talks, workshops, and other events to connect with the local community. The Pacific Northwest is particularly represented on the tour, with one sculpture going up in Portland, Oregon, and five others located across West Washington. These Northwest Trolls were organized by the Scan De Foundation, which aims to support relations between Denmark and the United States. The organization connected Dambo with members of the Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie tribes (部落), as his trolls are set on their traditional land. Together, they worked to ensure that these installations would respect Native American traditions. “Dambo brings messages to the world about taking care of our planet and not being wasteful,” Halliday says. “Our tribe shares the same values, so it was a natural cooperation. We need to take care of our Mother Earth.” 1．Why did Thomas Dambo create the 10 sculptures? A．To show his artistic talent. B．To make a profit from art exhibitions. C．To experience a coast-to-coast road trip. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 2．What do we know about the “Way of the Bird King” tour? A．It starts in Washington State. B．It uses new materials to create sculptures. C．It only includes the display of installations. D．It aims to respect nature and protect land and waterways. 3．What is John Halliday’s attitude towards the cooperation with Dambo? A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of creating troll sculptures. B．Thomas Dambo’s U.S. tour with troll sculptures. C．The Scan De Foundation’s support for art events. D．Thomas Dambo’s experience as a rapper in Denmark. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丹麦艺术家托马斯·丹博携团队用回收材料在美国打造10座巨魔雕塑，办巡回展并开展活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“My hope is that these sculptures will not only show the beauty of recycled materials but also inspire people to reconnect with nature, and promote a greater sense of environmental responsibility.(我的愿望是，这些雕塑不仅能够展现回收材料的美感，还能激励人们重新与大自然建立联系，并增强他们对环境保护的责任感)”可知，他创作这10件雕塑作品是为了提高人们的环保意识。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Starting in New Jersey and finishing in Washington State, “Way of the Bird King” continues to use recycled materials to tell a story of honoring nature and protecting land and waterways.(“鸟王之路”从新泽西州出发，最终抵达华盛顿州，它继续采用回收材料来讲述一个尊重自然、保护土地和水道的故事)”可知，这个活动旨在尊重自然、保护土地和水道。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Dambo brings messages to the world about taking care of our planet and not being wasteful,” Halliday says. “Our tribe shares the same values, so it was a natural cooperation. We need to take care of our Mother Earth.”(哈利迪说：“丹博向世界传递了有关保护地球、避免浪费的信息。我们部落秉持着同样的价值观，所以这种合作是自然而然发生的。我们必须呵护我们的地球母亲。”)”可知，约翰·哈利迪对与丹博的合作是支持的态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Danish recycling artist and climate activist Thomas Dambo is introducing his large troll sculptures to the United States. Together with 22 troll builders, Dambo has created 10 sculptures that spread from the East Coast to the West Coast. His U.S. tour, titled “Way of the Bird King”, uses thousands of thrown- away palettes to create these magical woodland creatures.(丹麦的回收利用艺术家兼气候活动家托马斯·丹博正将他的大型巨魔雕塑作品引入美国。与 22 名巨魔雕塑建造者一起，丹博创作了 10 件雕塑作品，这些作品从东海岸延伸至西海岸。他的美国巡回展览名为“鸟王之路”，利用了数千块废弃的调色板来塑造这些神奇的森林生物)”结合文章主要说明了丹麦艺术家托马斯·丹博携团队用回收材料在美国打造10座巨魔雕塑，办巡回展并开展活动。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是托马斯·丹博的以巨像雕塑进行的美国巡展。故选B。 Passage 2 (2024-2025学年湖南省衡阳市常宁市高一下学期7月期末) When children learn a musical instrument, one of the hardest things for a parent to do is encourage them to practice. But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That may not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music. Researchers from the UK looked at data from an online survey of more than 1,000 people over the age of 40 who had been asked to talk about their musical experiences and exposure (暴露) to music during their lives. They were also given tasks that tested their memory and skills in things like planning and focusing. The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect. Singing was related to better brain health in older age too. The research team suggested that the social factors that came with singing in a singing group may also have had an effect. One of the researchers, Anne Corbett, who is a professor of dementia (痴呆) research at the University of Exeter, said that encouraging older adults to return to music later in life could be a useful public health strategy. Anne said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia. Of those who took part in the survey,89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing. 5．Which is a benefit children may get by learning musical instruments according to the text? A．Becoming famous. B．Doing things perfectly. C．Getting courage to try new things. D．Having better brain health in later life. 6．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Positive. B．Absolute. C．Typical. D．Sufficient. 7．According to Anne, how could music benefit older adults? A．It inspired them to sing more. B．It helps them stay physically active. C．It provides a relaxing mind in their free time. D．It lowers their chance of developing dementia. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the importance of a hobby. B．To tell us what we should do in daily life. C．To push people to join in music activities. D．To describe that singing is good for health. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现演奏乐器和唱歌对人晚年的大脑健康有益，尤其能降低患痴呆症的风险。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life.(但父母可以用以下方式给孩子一个尝试的理由：一项研究发现，演奏乐器可能会在以后的生活中带来更好的大脑健康。)”可知，孩子们学习乐器的一个好处是在晚年拥有更好的大脑健康。故选D项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect.(研究发现，演奏乐器，尤其是钢琴，与更好的记忆力和思维能力有关。研究还发现，晚年继续演奏乐器会产生更salutary效果。)”可知，salutary在这里与“better”呼应，表达积极的、有益的意思。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Anne said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia.(Anne说：“有很多证据表明，音乐团体活动对痴呆症患者有益。”她还建议，这样的活动可以用来降低患痴呆症的风险。)”可知，Anne认为音乐可以降低老年人患痴呆症的几率。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That may not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music.(但这里有个理由，家长们可以用它来激励孩子尝试：一项研究发现，演奏乐器或许能让他们在晚年拥有更健康的大脑。对于那些有其他更想做的事情的孩子来说，这可能不足以起到鼓励作用，但对那些热爱音乐的孩子而言，这无疑是个好消息。)”和最后一段“Of those who took part in the survey,89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing.(在参与调查的人中，89%的人说他们在生活中的某个时候玩过乐器，大约一半的人仍然在玩乐器。大约七成的人说他们参加过集体演唱)”并结合文中对该研究的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了演奏乐器和唱歌对大脑健康的益处，尤其是对老年人降低患痴呆症风险有帮助，且最后提到参与调查的人多数有过相关音乐活动经历，由此可推断作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们参与音乐活动。故选C项。 Passage 3 (2024-2025学年湖南省沅澧共同体高一下学期期末) Scientists have long been sounding the alarm about an approaching disaster of ocean overfishing — the harvesting of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for species to replace themselves. Scientists know when widespread overfishing of the seas began. And they have a pretty good idea when, if left unaddressed, it will end badly. Faced with the collapse of large-fish populations, commercial ships began traveling deeper in the ocean and farther down the food chain for practicable catches. This so-called “fishing down” has encouraged a chain reaction that is upsetting the ancient and delicate balance of the sea’s biologic system. coral reefs, for example, are particularly sensitive to overfishing. Fishing out too many herbivores (食草动物) — whether intentionally or as bycatch (误捕) — can weaken reefs and make them more sensitive to being destroyed by extreme weather events and climate change. Fishing equipment can also physically destroy the delicate corals that make up the reef foundations. Overfishing can also harm other species. Dolphins, sea birds, sharks, and other animals have all faced existential threats as bycatch. Over the years, humans have begun to understand that the oceans, thought to be unendingly vast and rich, are in fact highly delicate. Many scientists say most fish populations could be restored with forceful management and better application of laws governing catches, including establishing catch limits. An increased use of aquaculture (水产业), the farming of seafood, would also help. And in many regions, there is reason for hope. 9．What do we know about “fishing down”? A．It makes a lot of profit. B．It causes extreme climate change. C．It makes coral reefs more sensitive. D．It increases bycatch to balance the sea’s ecosystem. 10．How does overfishing harm species like dolphins and sharks? A．Accidental capture as bycatch. B．Competition with herbivores for food. C．Direct hunting for commercial purpose. D．destruction of their living environment. 11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．There are solutions and hope for recovery. B．The damage caused by overfishing affects our life. C．People’s awareness of ocean protection needs raising. D．Governments have taken forceful measures to manage overfishing. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Who to Blame? B．Where to Catch? C．Why the Overfishing? D．What disaster? 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．A 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋过度捕捞的问题，包括其定义、对海洋生态系统的破坏、对特定物种的影响，以及可能的解决方案和恢复希望。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fishing out too many herbivores (食草动物) — whether intentionally or as bycatch (误捕) — can weaken reefs and make them more sensitive to being destroyed by extreme weather events and climate change. (过度捕捞食草动物 —— 无论是有意为之还是误捕 —— 都会削弱珊瑚礁，使其对极端天气事件和气候变化造成的破坏更加敏感。)”以及第二段中提到的“This so-called “fishing down” has encouraged a chain reaction that is upsetting the ancient and delicate balance of the sea’s biologic system. (这种所谓的“向下捕捞”引发了一系列连锁反应，扰乱了海洋生物系统古老而微妙的平衡。)”可知，“向下捕捞”使得珊瑚礁对极端天气事件和气候变化造成的破坏更加敏感。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dolphins, sea birds, sharks, and other animals have all faced existential threats as bycatch. (海豚、海鸟、鲨鱼和其他动物都因误捕而面临生存威胁。)”可知，过度捕捞通过误捕的方式对海豚和鲨鱼等物种造成伤害。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many scientists say most fish populations could be restored with forceful management and better application of laws governing catches, including establishing catch limits. An increased use of aquaculture (水产业), the farming of seafood, would also help. And in many regions, there is reason for hope. (许多科学家表示，通过强有力的管理和更好地应用有关捕捞的法律，包括建立捕捞限制，大多数鱼类种群都可以得到恢复。更多地利用水产养殖业，即海鲜养殖，也将有所帮助。在许多地区，我们有理由抱有希望。)”可推知，对于海洋生态的恢复，存在解决办法且有希望。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。纵览全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have long been sounding the alarm about an approaching disaster of ocean overfishing — the harvesting of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for species to replace themselves. (长期以来，科学家们一直在敲响海洋过度捕捞灾难即将来临的警钟 —— 以过高的速度从海洋中捕捞野生动物，导致物种无法自我替代。)”可知，文章开篇点明过度捕捞这一海洋灾难，随后阐述其带来的危害，最后提及恢复的可能措施和希望，D项“What disaster? (什么灾难？)”以设问形式概括了文章围绕过度捕捞这一灾难展开的内容，适宜作为标题。故选D项。 Passage 4 (2024-2025学年湖北省仙桃市高一下学期期末质量监测) Dogs have been close four-legged friends of humans for as long as we can remember, but exactly how long has this relationship lasted? Scientists may finally have an answer, thanks to a new study on ancient human remains found in Alaska. The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today’s dogs began 12,000 years ago. “We now have proof that dogs and humans had close connections earlier than we thought in the Americas,” said the study’s lead author, Francois Laneo, an assistant researcher at the University of Arizona’s School of Anthropology. “People interested in the origins of the Americans want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess — it’s hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant.” In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age. More recently, in June 2023, the team dug up an 8,100-year-old jawbone from a similar animal at a nearby site. For the new study, scientists performed chemical tests on these bones. They found salmon proteins, suggesting these animals ate fish regularly. This was unusual because dog- like animals at the time only hunted land animals, showing human influence. While the team believes this is the earliest known relationship between humans and dogs, they say it’s too soon to be certain. A key question remains: “What defines a dog?” said Dr. Ben Pot, a co- author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Though these creatures acted and looked like dogs, they might be too ancient to be genetically connected to modern dogs we know today. 13．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Humans and dogs developed a close bond 12,000 years ago. B．Scientists discovered the oldest human remains in America. C．Ancient dogs survived the Ice Age by eating fish. D．A new study proves dogs originated in Alaska. 14．What can we infer about the significance of the discovery? A．It shows early human- dog friendship. B．It proves dogs came before humans. C．It changes ice Age theories. D．It explains dog DNA fully. 15．How was the age of the bone determined in the 2018 study? A．Genetic testing. B．Protein analysis. C．Carbon dating. D．Site comparison. 16．Why is the team uncertain about the earliest human-dog relationship? A．Weak DNA link. B．Not sure what is a “dog”. C．Few bone samples. D．unclear fish protein results. 【答案】13．A 14．A 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过一项针对阿拉斯加古人类遗骸的新研究，揭示了人类与狗之间深厚关系的起源时间。 13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today’s dogs began 12,000 years ago.(研究表明，人类和今天狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于12000年前)”结合文章主要说明了科学家通过一项针对阿拉斯加古人类遗骸的新研究，揭示了人类与狗之间深厚关系的起源时间。故文章主旨是人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“People interested in the origins of the Americans want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess — it’s hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant.(对于美洲原住民起源感兴趣的人们想知道，最初的人类是否是带着狗一同抵达这里的。在我们能在古老的挖掘地点找到这些动物之前，我们只能进行猜测——这很难得到证实。这一发现意义重大)”可知，这一发现表明了早期人类与狗之间的友好关系。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age.(在2018年的一次考古研究中，同一研究团队在阿拉斯加的一个遗址中发现了一块类似成年犬类的下肢骨骼。碳年代测定显示，该动物生活在12000年前，处于冰河时代末期)”可知，在2018年的研究中，骨头的年龄是通过碳年代测定法确定的。故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A key question remains: “What defines a dog?” said Dr. Ben Pot, a co- author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.(一个关键问题依然存在：“究竟什么才能定义一只狗？”该研究的合著者、阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学的考古学家本·波特博士说道)”可知，这个团队对于人类与狗之间最早的关系存在的疑问是对狗的定义，即，不清楚什么是“狗”。故选B。 Passage 5 (2024-2025学年湖北省恩施州高一下学期期末质量监测) In 2016, China made April 24 Space Day to celebrate its space achievements. The country’s commercial space journey progressed quickly in November 2024 when the Long March 12 rocket was successfully sent into space from the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site in Wenchang. This important event showed that China had finished building its whole commercial space industry chain, including making satellites, launch services, and data applications. Commercial space means activities in space technology that are driven by the market, aiming to make profits through launches and services. Globally, the U.S. is the leader in this field. In 2023, the world’s space economy made $400 billion, and commercial satellites accounted for 71% ($285 billion). Private companies like SpaceX helped the U.S. stay ahead with creative methods in making reusable rockets and satellite internet (Starlink). The U.S. also leads in space investment, securing 51% of the world’s money put into space projects. China entered commercial space later but has gained momentum. Since announcing Long March rockets for international launches in 1985, its market scale has sharply risen from 0.6 trillion yuan ($82 billion) in 2018 to 1.9 trillion yuan in 2023, growing 23% per year. Government support has helped this growth: commercial space was called a “new growth engine” in China’s 2024 government report, and Hainan province has set up platforms for rocket recovery technology. The Hainan launch site is a game-changer. Its No. 2 launch pad (发射台), designed for medium-sized liquid-fuel rockets, enables high-frequency, cost-effective launches with rapid turnaround times. The Long March 12 rocket, China’s first 3.8-meter-diameter vehicle, uses a design that breaks it into parts to make it better at carrying things and cheaper. A key innovation (创新) is its way of putting the rocket together and moving it while it’s lying down. This gets rid of the need for tall buildings to assemble (组装) the rockets, cuts down on work done high up, and improves efficiency. Looking ahead, China plans to launch many satellites in low -Earth orbits to give broadband internet to the whole world. With continuous breakthroughs in reusable rocket technology and simpler launch processes, the country is on track to become a major player of the global space economy by 2025, finding a good balance between innovation and commercial possibility. 17．What may contribute to the U.S.’s leading place in the commercial space field? A．A complete commercial space industry chain. B．High government funding for space projects. C．Market-driven profitable activities. D．The establishment of Space Day. 18．What does the underlined phrase “gained momentum” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Advanced rapidly B．Sped suddenly C．Progressed gradually D．Changed completely 19．Why is the Hainan launch site called a game-changer? A．Intended to launch China’s biggest rockets. B．Having creative and efficient technical advantages. C．Able to conduct many launches quickly and costly. D．Using a traditional system for rocket assembly. 20．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．China has the most advanced reusable rocket technology. B．China has launched many satellites for global broadband. C．China aims to make both breakthroughs and profits D．China aims to lead the global economy by 2025 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球商业航天的发展现状，重点分析了中美两国在该领域的竞争态势、技术创新及未来规划，展现了中国在科技自主创新和商业航天领域的崛起。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Globally, the U.S. is the leader in this field. In 2023, the world’s space economy made $400 billion, and commercial satellites accounted for 71% ($285 billion). Private companies like SpaceX helped the U.S. stay ahead with creative methods in making reusable rockets and satellite internet (Starlink). The U.S. also leads in space investment, securing 51%of the world’s money put into space projects.( 从全球来看，美国在这一领域处于领先地位。2023年，世界空间经济收入为4000亿美元，商业卫星占71%（2850亿美元）。像SpaceX这样的私营公司帮助美国在制造可重复使用的火箭和卫星互联网（Starlink）方面保持领先地位。美国在太空投资方面也处于领先地位，占全球太空项目投资的51%。)”可知，美国在商业太空领域领先是因为商业太空是由市场驱动，通过发射和服务获取利润的活动，美国的私人公司在其中发挥了作用，这些活动是市场驱动的盈利活动。故选C项。 18．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“China entered commercial space later but has …. Since announcing Long March rockets for international launches in 1985, its market scale has sharply risen from 0.6 trillion yuan ($82 billion) in 2018 to 1. 9 trillion yuan in 2023, growing 23%per year.( 中国进入商业太空的时间较晚，但……。自1985年宣布长征火箭进行国际发射以来，其市场规模从2018年的0.6万亿元（820亿美元）急剧上升到1万亿元。2023年达到9万亿元，年均增长23%。)”可知，中国虽然进入商业太空领域较晚，但市场规模大幅增长，每年增长 23%，由此可推测“gained momentum”意思是快速发展，A选项 “Advanced rapidly(快速前进，迅速发展)”符合语境。故选A项。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The Hainan launch site is a game - changer. Its No. 2 launch pad (发射台), designed for medium - sized liquid - fuel rockets, enables high - frequency, cost - effective launches with rapid turnaround times. A key innovation (创新) is its way of putting the rocket together and moving it while it’s lying down. This gets rid of the need for tall buildings to assemble (组装) the rockets, cuts down on work done high up, and improves efficiency.( 海南的发射场改变了游戏规则。它的2号发射台是为中型液体燃料火箭设计的，可以实现高频率、高成本效益的发射，并且周转时间短。长征12号火箭是中国首个直径3.8米的运载火箭，它采用了将火箭分成多个部分的设计，以使其运载能力更好，成本更低。一个关键的创新是把火箭放在一起，并在它躺着的时候移动它的方式。这样就不需要高层建筑来组装火箭，减少了在高层完成的工作，提高了效率。)”可知，海南发射场被称为改变游戏规则的因素是因为它有创新的技术，如独特的火箭组装和移动方式，提高了效率，具有创造性和高效的技术优势。故选B项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking ahead, China plans to launch many satellites in low-Earth orbits to give broadband internet to the whole world. With continuous breakthroughs in reusable rocket technology and simpler launch processes, the country is on track to become a major player of the global space economy by 2025, finding a good balance between innovation and commercial possibility.( 展望未来，中国计划在近地轨道发射多颗卫星，为全世界提供宽带互联网。随着可重复使用火箭技术的不断突破和发射过程的简化，中国有望在2025年之前成为全球太空经济的主要参与者，并在创新和商业可能性之间找到良好的平衡。)”可知，中国计划发射卫星提供宽带互联网，在可重复使用火箭技术等方面有持续突破，并且要在创新和商业可能性之间找到平衡，这意味着中国既追求技术突破又追求利润。故选C项。 Passage 6 (2024-2025学年河南省平顶山市等3地高一下学期6月期末) Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 21．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 22．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．What encourages bacterial growth. B．How sponges are exactly structured. C．How bacteria grow independently. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 23．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Poorly adaptive. B．Relatively harmless. C．Partly distributed. D．Surprisingly unpleasant. 24．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Evidence of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to help bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list.(细菌知道如何在地球上顽强生存。不过，问它们最希望定居在何处的话，厨房用的海绵可能会高居榜首。)”可知，厨房用的海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要。)”可知，Lingchong You发现了是什么能促进细菌的生长。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段““The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(Quinlan说：“海绵上的绝大多数细菌并不会使人患病，它们只会让海绵散发出异味。”)”可知，Quinlan认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.(如果有害细菌真的出现在现场，这种海绵特殊的结构特性就会使其成为细菌滋生和繁殖的理想场所。而且有证据表明情况确实如此。)”可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明有害细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。 语篇类型四: 议论文+ 文体（4篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年河南省商丘市高一下学期期末联考) Walking around most large cities in Europe and the United States, you may find it easy and cheap to get shared bikes and cars ready to use with a tap on your phone — unless you are older, have a disability, lack a smartphone or credit card, or live in a poorer neighborhood. These services usually appear in richer areas and often can’t handle wheelchairs or child seats. As a result, most riders are young, able-bodied, well-off, and male. Shared mobility could be a key part of a more sustainable (可持续的) transportation system. If shared mobility could work for everyone, it might cut city traffic by as much as 90 percent and reduce transport emissions (排放) by half. But today, private cars still cover 61 percent of all travel in the Global North. To move more people away from private cars to shared ones is an important first step, because a lot of people are left out today. A 2019 study of 10 US cities, for example, showed that a fifth of low-income Americans still don’t have a smartphone and almost a quarter don’t have a bank account — both necessary for using most shared mobility services. A 2017 survey in Philadelphia, Chicago and Brooklyn showed that low-income people are just as interested in bikesharing as other groups, but less likely to use such a system: While 10 percent of higher-income people were members of a bikeshare system, only two percent of lower-income people were. How can we bridge the accessibility gap? In several US cities, low-income subsidy (补贴) programs have increased bikeshare use among underserved groups. In Buffalo, New York, an organization launched an “E-Bike Library” using 3,000 e-bikes retired by a private company. 71 percent of its members tried e-bikes for the first time, and 84 percent were low-income people. Simple fixes can make a big difference. When mobility providers include diverse voices in planning and care more about users’ needs, they build services that work for everyone. In that case, shared mobility can become truly fair, green, and effective. 1．What does the author intend to point out in paragraph 1? A．Kids should respect wheelchair users. B．People are glued to their mobile phones. C．Access to shared mobility is unequal. D．It’s hard to find a shared car in the US. 2．What percentage of all travel in the Global North do private cars account for? A．50%. B．61%. C．75%. D．90%. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The challenges facing shared mobility. B．A significant increase in people’s income. C．The downside of the bikeshare service. D．A change in personal preference for bikes. 4．What does the author expect mobility providers to do? A．Fix broken bikes in time. B．Put more effort into e-cars. C．Voice their views on travel. D．Meet customers’ real needs. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨共享出行在普及过程中存在的不平等问题以及如何解决以实现公平、绿色和高效。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Walking around most large cities in Europe and the United States, you may find it easy and cheap to get shared bikes and cars ready to use with a tap on your phone — unless you are older, have a disability, lack a smartphone or credit card, or live in a poorer neighborhood. These services usually appear in richer areas and often can’t handle wheelchairs or child seats.(在欧洲和美国的大多数大城市里走动，你可能会发现只需在手机上轻点一下，就能轻松且廉价地使用共享单车和共享汽车——除非你年纪较大、有残疾、没有智能手机或信用卡，或者生活在较贫困的社区。这些服务通常出现在较富裕的地区，而且往往无法适配轮椅或儿童座椅)”可知，作者通过描述不同人群使用共享出行服务的差异，意在指出共享出行的使用机会不平等。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But today, private cars still cover 61 percent of all travel in the Global North.(但如今，在北半球，私家车出行仍占所有出行方式的61%。)”可知，在北半球，私家车占所有出行的61%。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“A 2019 study of 10 US cities, for example, showed that a fifth of low - income Americans still don’t have a smartphone and almost a quarter don’t have a bank account — both necessary for using most shared mobility services. A 2017 survey in Philadelphia, Chicago and Brooklyn showed that low-income people are just as interested in bikesharing as other groups, but less likely to use such a system: While 10 percent of higher-income people were members of a bikeshare system, only two percent of lower-income people were.(例如，2019年对美国10个城市的一项研究表明，五分之一的低收入美国人仍然没有智能手机，近四分之一的人没有银行账户——这两者都是使用大多数共享出行服务所必需的。2017年在费城、芝加哥和布鲁克林进行的一项调查显示，低收入人群与其他群体一样对共享单车感兴趣，但使用这种系统的可能性较小：高收入人群中有10%是共享单车系统的会员，而低收入人群中只有2%是)”可知，该段主要通过研究和调查数据表明低收入人群使用共享出行服务存在困难，即共享出行面临的挑战。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When mobility providers include diverse voices in planning and care more about users’ needs, they build services that work for everyone.(当出行服务提供商在规划中纳入不同的声音，并更多地关注用户的需求时，他们就能打造出适合每个人的服务)”可知，作者期望出行服务提供商满足客户的实际需求。故选D项。 Passage 2 (2024-2025学年山东省威海市高一下学期期末考试) In a world where tree-dwelling animals (树栖动物) must brave traffic every day just to find lunch, a Brazilian biologist called Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help — by building special rope bridges that let animals stay in the trees and avoid the dangers below. The idea came to Abra years ago when she spotted a Groves’ titi monkey — a species close to extinction — sitting dangerously close to a road. “It was totally left unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That moment set off a mission to protect Brazil’s wildlife, which loses about 475million wild animals yearly to car accidents. Partnering with the native people. Abra started the Reconecta Project. Together, they’ve built over 30 canopy (树冠) bridges along a long highway through the Amazon. These overpasses aren’t just simple rope-and-wood structures. Each bridge is a high-tech design, equipped with cameras to monitor animals crossing. The videos show which species are frequent crossers, and which ones still avoid the bridges. The data helps improve designs, turning unwilling animals into regular crossers. But the bridges do more than protect animals from being killed on the road. By reconnecting once-separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food, and even meet partners. For species that live alone, this could mean more chances to survive and grow their populations. Abra’s work couldn’t be timelier. The fast growth of road construction in Brazil is hurting the natural homes of animals. Yet her team isn’t just building bridges — they’re adding speed bumps (减速带) on roads and posting animal-crossing signs to remind drivers they’ re sharing the roads. The project’s success has even caught global attention, mirroring efforts like California’s mountain lion-friendly freeway overpass. Now, Reconecta is branching out. Abra is bringing together government departments, nonprofits, and universities to weave more green threads across Brazil’s road network. “Brazil has an amazing biodiversity (生物多样性),” she said. “I will do everything that I can to protect this rich biodiversity.” 5．What was the direct reason for Abra to start Reconecta? A．Desiring to partner with natives. B．Knowing the yearly animal death rate. C．Noticing animals endangered by traffic. D．Worrying about the loss of Amazon rainforest. 6．What are the cameras on the canopy bridges used to do? A．Help animals to find food. B．Monitor species populations. C．Scare off enemies for monkeys. D．Record crossings for better designs. 7．Why is California’s freeway overpass mentioned? A．To point out timely actions are needed. B．To introduce a new method for animal protection. C．To show the Reconecta Project is getting global attention. D．To stress shared challenges in road construction worldwide. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The lifelines built in the treetops for wildlife. B．The value of protecting Amazon’s biodiversity. C．The need for combined efforts to protect wildlife. D．The risks caused by Brazil’s highway development. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了巴西生物学家Fernanda Abra发起并推进的“Reconecta项目”，该项目通过建造特殊的绳索桥来帮助树栖动物避开地面交通的危险，保护巴西的野生动物。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The idea came to Abra years ago when she spotted a Groves’ titi monkey — a species close to extinction — sitting dangerously close to a road. “It was totally left unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That moment set off a mission to protect Brazil’s wildlife, which loses about 475million wild animals yearly to car accidents. Partnering with the native people. Abra started the Reconecta Project. (几年前，Abra看到一只格罗夫斯狨猴（一种濒临灭绝的物种）坐在离公路很近的危险地方，这个想法便在她心中萌生了。“它完全暴露在车流威胁之下，毫无保护，”她回忆道。那一刻，她开启了一项保护巴西野生动物的使命——巴西每年约有4.75亿只野生动物死于车祸。Abra与当地人合作，启动了“Reconecta计划”。)”可知，Abra启动 Reconecta 项目的直接原因是她亲眼目睹了一只濒临灭绝的猴子处于车流威胁中，即注意到动物受到交通威胁。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Each bridge is a high-tech design, equipped with cameras to monitor animals crossing. The videos show which species are frequent crossers, and which ones still avoid the bridges. The data helps improve designs, turning unwilling animals into regular crossers. (每座桥都是高科技设计，配备了摄像头来监测过路的动物。视频会显示哪些物种经常使用天桥，哪些仍然对天桥避而远之。这些数据有助于改进桥的设计，让不愿使用天桥的动物也变成常客。)”可知，树冠桥上的摄像头用于监测动物的通行情况（记录哪些物种常使用、哪些避开），收集的数据能帮助改进桥梁设计。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The project’s success has even caught global attention, mirroring efforts like California’s mountain lion-friendly freeway overpass. (该项目的成功甚至引起了全球关注，与美国加利福尼亚州为美洲狮打造的友好型高速公路天桥等举措遥相呼应。)”可知，文中提到加利福尼亚州的高速公路天桥，是为了举例说明 Reconecta 项目的成功引起了全球关注，与其他地区的动物保护举措形成呼应。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕巴西生物学家 Fernanda Abra 发起的 Reconecta 项目展开，核心是为树栖动物建造树冠桥，帮助它们避开交通危险、重新连接栖息地，同时介绍了桥梁的设计、作用及项目的影响。选项A“The lifelines built in the treetops for wildlife. (为野生动物在树顶搭建的生命线。)”准确概括了文章核心——树冠桥作为保护动物的关键设施，符合主旨。故选A。 Passage 3 (2024-2025学年黑龙江省哈尔滨德强高级中学高一下学期7月期末) Next time you’re walking through a park on a hot day, take a moment to sit under a big old tree. You’ll find that the temperature is something like 2℃ cooler than if you were beneath an umbrella. Why? Because a mature tree releases a massive amount of water from its leaves, which cools the surrounding air, just like the way sweating cools our bodies down. So a single tree influences the microclimate around it — but what about an entire forest? That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees by German forester Peter Wohlleben. He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival, protect and look after their young. For readers, some of this language is familiar, and some may know that this style has been a source of derision (嘲笑) in the past. However, it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life and makes complex science accessible. He explains processes, such as the way trees access and use sugars at different times of the year, in simple, everyday terms. Wohlleben writes in a calm style, but he can’t hide his anger with the way people today — including many environmentalists — now “think of trees as little more than biological storage units for carbon dioxide either while they are alive or when they are dead”. This narrow perspective ignores the vast beneficial effects that forests generate for global temperature management. His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby. This book is wise and thought-provoking. In his chapter highlighting the role of wolves as top predators (捕食者) in preserving the forest, Wohlleben writes: “We can come at protecting forests from whatever direction we want, but the results are always the same. We must put less pressure on nature by exploiting (开发) it less. We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves.” 9．What does The Power of Trees explore? A．Temperature management. B．The loss of water in leaves. C．Formation of microclimates. D．The vital role that forests play. 10．Which can describe the language in the book? A．Complex. B．Fancy. C．Approachable. D．Professional. 11．How does Wohlleben deal with people’s narrow perspective on forests? A．He treats it lightly. B．He turns a deaf ear to it. C．He refers to it selectively. D．He argues against it convincingly. 12．What does Wohlleben suggest for protecting forests? A．Fighting climate change. B．Leaving them alone. C．Returning farmland to forest. D．Driving wolves away. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇书评，主要介绍了德国护林员Peter Wohlleben的著作《树木的力量》。书中探讨了森林对微气候的影响、树木的生存智慧以及人类对森林的狭隘认知，并以通俗易懂的语言阐释了复杂的科学原理。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees. He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival(《树木的力量》探讨了这一问题。他以新颖生动的笔触描写树木、生态系统、根系以及栖息其间的无数生物。他认为森林和树木会为自己的生存做决定)”可知，该书聚焦森林的核心作用。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life(正是这种接地气的对话式风格让书生动起来)”和“in simple, everyday terms(用简单的日常用语)”可知语言风格平易近人。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中“His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby.(他的主张和批评得到了新兴科学研究和实地观察的支撑——这些研究证明了森林如何改变周边地貌。)”可推知，作者用科学论据有力反驳了狭隘观点。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves(我们必须通过让森林自我管理来加强它们)”可知，作者主张减少人为干预。故选B。 Passage 4 (2024-2025学年(甘肃省定西市临洮县高一下学期期末统考) A heart-stopping rescue mission unfolded in Heber-Overgaard, Arizona, when a mother horse and her baby became trapped in a drying mud hole. The rescue began with a call from a group of people visiting the area to photograph the famous Heber Wild Horses. They contacted a local group for advice on the best places to see the horses. One suggested location had a dirt water tank that had been drying out, creating a dangerous mud area. Shortly after noon, an emergency message came, “Need help. Horses are trapped in mud and sinking!” Without hesitation, volunteers rushed into action, gathering ropes and asking neighbors for help. When they arrived, a couple with a small vehicle and ropes were already working with the photographers. They had successfully freed the young horse and turned their focus to the mother. Over the course of more than an hour, seven individuals worked hard to save the tired mother horse. The baby horse waited anxiously nearby, calling to her mother. The team worked carefully, letting the mother horse rest between attempts to avoid injury. At first, the only option was to place the rope around the mother horse’s neck, but the team tied it skillfully to prevent her from choking (窒息). Once the mother horse gained some strength to struggle on her own, the team pulled gently, later managing to reposition the rope around her haunches (腰腿) for a safer and more effective rescue. Finally, after non-stop teamwork, the mother horse was pulled free. Although shaky on her feet, she managed to stand and rejoin her baby. Together, they walked into the forest — safe at last. The local group shared their deep gratitude for the teamwork that made the rescue possible. “I am so grateful for what you all did and amazed by the communication, cooperation, and determination in this rescue,” the group wrote. The group has since told the U.S. Forest Service about the dangerous mud hole to prevent future problems. 13．Who first reported the emergency? A．The U.S. Forest Service. B．The local volunteers. C．Some photographers. D．Some neighboring residents. 14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The efforts to save the mother horse. B．Teamwork and gratitude in the rescue. C．Struggle and challenges the horses met. D．The baby horse anxiously calling for help. 15．Which of the following can best describe the rescue team? A．Anxious and helpless. B．Talkative and friendly. C．Responsive and cooperative. D．Frightened and inexperienced. 16．What does the text mainly show? A．The threat some horses are faced with. B．The harmony between humans and nature. C．The danger posed by mud areas to wildlife. D．The difficulty in saving endangered animals. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国亚利桑那州的希伯-奥弗加德地区志愿者团队合作救援一对陷入泥潭的野马母女的感人故事，突出了救援过程中的团队协作与人性关怀。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rescue began with a call from a group of people visiting the area to photograph the famous Heber Wild Horses. (这场救援始于一群专程前来拍摄著名的希伯野生马的人的电话。)”可知，最先报告紧急情况的是摄影师。故选C。 14．段落大意题。根据第三段首句“Over the course of more than an hour, seven individuals worked hard to save the tired mother horse. (在长达一个多小时的救援过程中，7名救援人员奋力营救这头疲惫不堪的母马。) ”及尾句“Together, they walked into the forest — safe at last. (它们一同走进森林，终于安全了。)”并结合全段内容可知，本段详细描述了救援母马的整个过程，选项A“The efforts to save the mother horse. (拯救母马的努力。)”能概括本段内容，符合题意。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Without hesitation, volunteers rushed into action, gathering ropes and asking neighbors for help. (志愿者们毫不犹豫地立即行动，一边收集绳索，一边向邻居们求助。)”可知，他们行动迅速；根据第三段中“seven individuals worked hard (7名救援人员奋力营救)”及“non-stop teamwork (持续不懈的团队协作)”可知，他们互相合作，由此可看出他们是反应迅速且善于合作的。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“A heart-stopping rescue mission unfolded in Heber-Overgaard, Arizona, when a mother horse and her baby became trapped in a drying mud hole. (在美国亚利桑那州的希伯-奥弗加德，一场惊心动魄的救援行动悄然展开——一头母马和她的幼崽不慎被困在一个逐渐干涸的泥坑里。)”可知，全文围绕“人类主动营救被困的野生马”展开，摄影师发现险情后及时报告，志愿者、邻居迅速响应、通力合作，最终成功救出母马和小马，体现了人类对野生动物的关爱与保护，彰显“人与自然和谐共生”的核心主旨。故选B。 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年浙江省强基联盟高一下学期5月阶段检测) Go Places with Reading Read Across America Day falls on March 2 each year. The event was started in 1998 by the National Education Association. One of its main goals is to introduce children to different books with characters they can relate to and worlds different from their own. Here are some ways you can take part in the celebration. Host a book exchange Ask friends or family members to bring a middle-grade book they would recommend. Lay the books out on a table and give everyone a chance to read the plot summaries. Try making the exchange extra fun with snacks, like gummy worms. Everyone can go home with one or more new books. Read as a group Plan a “read-in” where a group reads together. You can also ask a teacher to hold one in a classroom. Ask everyone to bring a book and read a short passage aloud. This is a great way to spark (引发) conversations and discover new books for your reading list. Explore this year’s theme The 2026 theme for Read Across America is kindness, so this is a great time to choose titles with that focus, such as The Invisible Boy by Trudy Ludwig. Reflect on what you’ve read You might enjoy keeping track of your reading in a journal or on a computer. Think about what stood out to you about the story, the setting, or the characters and reflect on what you’ve learned. For more reading suggestions, please check out the “50 books, 50 states” list which can be found at kids.theweekjunior.com/bookclub. You can try reading four or more books set in different states or places you are curious about. 1．What is the aim of Read Across America? A．To transport children to various places. B．To share various books with children. C．To inspire children to write books. D．To collect views on famous books. 2．Which activity will one join if interested in recording thoughts? A．Hosting a book exchange. B．Reading as a group. C．Exploring this year’s theme. D．Reflecting on what you’ve read. 3．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．Book sellers. B．Middle-grade readers. C．Teachers. D．Young adults. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了“全美阅读日”的起源和主要目标，并提供了四种参与庆祝活动的方式，包括举办图书交换、集体阅读、探索年度主题以及反思阅读内容。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of its main goals is to introduce children to different books with characters they can relate to and worlds different from their own. (它的主要目标之一是向孩子们介绍不同的书籍，让他们接触到能够产生共鸣的角色以及与他们自身世界不同的世界。)”可知，“全美阅读日”的目的是与孩子们分享各种各样的书籍。 2．细节理解题。根据Reflect on what you’ve read部分“You might enjoy keeping track of your reading in a journal or on a computer. Think about what stood out to you about the story, the setting, or the characters and reflect on what you’ve learned. (你可能会喜欢在日记或电脑上记录你的阅读情况。思考故事中、场景里或人物身上哪些内容给你留下了深刻印象，并反思你学到了什么。)”可知，如果对记录想法感兴趣，应该参加“反思你所读内容”这个活动。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“One of its main goals is to introduce children to different books with characters they can relate to and worlds different from their own. (它的主要目标之一是向孩子们介绍不同的书籍，让他们接触到能够产生共鸣的角色以及与他们自身世界不同的世界。)”以及Host a book exchange部分“Ask friends or family members to bring a middle-grade book they would recommend. (请朋友或家人带一本他们会推荐的中高年级儿童读物。)”可知，本文主要面向的是中高年级的读者。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年安徽阜阳市临泉县临泉田家炳实验中学（临泉县教师进修学校）月考) Mounting evidence links red meat consumption (消费) with a higher risk of diseases in humans and significant harm to the environment. In contrast, forage (饵料) fish, which are food for larger predators, are highly nutritious (有营养的), environmentally friendly and the most abundant fish species in the world’s oceans. While research has shown the benefits of forage fish, until now it has been unclear to what extent they might cut the global burden of diseases if substituted for red meat. Now a team of Japanese and Australian researchers have an answer after conducting the largest analysis of its kind. The researchers modelled four situations, each representing a different pattern of forage fish distribution globally. They used data for projected red meat consumption in 2050 and historical data on the forage fish catch from marine habitats. Globally, this approach could prevent as many as 750,000 deaths from diet-related diseases in 2050 and avoid up to 15 million years of life lived with a disability. Forage fish are abundant in calcium, vitamin B12 and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the intake of which may prevent coronary heart diseases. They also have the lowest carbon footprint of any animal food source, the researchers said. Adopting this type of diet would be especially helpful for low- and middle-income countries, where these fish are cheap and plentiful, and the toll taken by heart diseases in particular is high, the researchers added. However, at the moment three-quarters of forage fish catches are made into fish meal and fish oil — products mostly used for fish farming. The limited supply of forage fish isn’t sufficient to replace all red meat, the researchers acknowledged. But swapping them could still substantially cut the global burden of diseases. “This study points to the need for fish-based food policy guidelines and nutrition-sensitive policies to promote forage fish consumption,” the researchers wrote. 4．Which is a problem of eating red meat according to the text? A．Harming the planet. B．Reducing animal diversity. C．Causing economic stress. D．Leading to poor nutrition. 5．What do the numbers in paragraph 3 indicate? A．The large increase in deadly diseases. B．The serious destruction of ocean habitats. C．The really huge consumption of red meat. D．The extremely good effect of eating forage fish. 6．What are fish meal and fish oil mainly used to do now? A．Catch fish. B．Raise fish. C．Produce drugs. D．Cook vegetables. 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Diet-related diseases are on the rise B．Environmental problems are getting worse C．Fish farming — a career producing good nutrition D．Forage fish — a promising replacement for red meat 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了把人们餐桌上的红肉换成饵料鱼，即用作养殖水产动物食物的鱼，可以给健康带来极大的好处，并有助于解决气候危机。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mounting evidence links red meat consumption (消费) with a higher risk of diseases in humans and significant harm to the environment.(越来越多的证据表明，食用红肉会增加人类患病的风险，并对环境造成严重损害)”可知，吃红肉会破坏地球环境。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“They used data for projected red meat consumption in 2050 and historical data on the forage fish catch from marine habitats. Globally, this approach could prevent as many as 750,000 deaths from diet-related diseases in 2050 and avoid up to 15 million years of life lived with a disability.(他们利用了2050年预期的红肉消费数据以及有关海洋栖息地捕捞的饵料鱼历史数据。在全球范围内，这种方法在2050年能够避免多达75万人因饮食相关疾病而死亡，并避免多达1500万人因残疾而减少寿命)”可知，本段的数字说明了吃饵料鱼可以带来非常好的影响。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, at the moment three-quarters of forage fish catches are made into fish meal and fish oil — products mostly used for fish farming.(然而，目前四分之三的捕捞所得的饲料鱼都被加工成鱼粉和鱼油——这些产品主要用于鱼类养殖)”可知，目前，鱼粉和鱼油主要用于养鱼。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mounting evidence links red meat consumption (消费) with a higher risk of diseases in humans and significant harm to the environment. In contrast, forage (饵料) fish, which are food for larger predators, are highly nutritious (有营养的), environmentally friendly and the most abundant fish species in the world’s oceans.(越来越多的证据表明，食用红肉会增加人类患病的风险，并对环境造成严重损害。相比之下，作为大型捕食者食物来源的饵料鱼具有极高的营养价值、对环境友好，并且是世界上海洋中数量最多的鱼类种类)”结合文章主要说明了把人们餐桌上的红肉换成饵料鱼，即用作养殖水产动物食物的鱼，可以给健康带来极大的好处，并有助于解决气候危机。故D选项“饵料鱼——一种有望取代红肉的替代品”符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年湖南长沙市明德中学高一下学期3月阶段测试) Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive (互相排斥) career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice (伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The gap between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 8．What is the purpose of mentioning the famous people in paragraph 1? A．To display they were talented. B．To confirm they were out of favor. C．To encourage different career paths. D．To show poetry and science can be combined. 9．What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A．Promote a new science-poetry journal. B．Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C．Encourage science communication through poems. D．Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 10．What does Illingworth think of the present ways of science communication? A．Complex. B．Creative. C．Effective. D．Traditional 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Take on Poetry B．Scientists and Poets Think Alike C．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今科学家们正尝试将科学研究转化为诗歌等诗意形式，以寻求用研究成果启发他人的新途径，同时阐述了诗歌在科学传播中的作用和意义。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. (数学家Ada Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell都是颇有造诣的诗人。诗人John Keats是一名有执照的外科医生。在19世纪，将这两种实践结合起来就不再受欢迎了。)”可推知，如今人们常认为诗歌与科学互不相容，但历史上多位名人同时精通二者，提及他们是为了证明诗歌与科学是可以结合的。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. (通过研讨会和一本名为《Consilience》的新科学诗歌杂志，Illingworth正在帮助科学家们将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引科学领域以外的人的欣赏。)”可知，Illingworth的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学传播。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. (Illingworth也认同这一观点，他认为目前的科学传播活动往往过于依赖公开讲座和缺乏互动的PPT幻灯片。)”可推知，Illingworth认为现在的科学传播方式过于传统。故选D项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. (但是，当科学家们寻找用他们的发现来启发他人的替代方法时，将研究转化为歌词、俳句和其他诗歌形式的现象再次出现在科学家之中。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了如今科学家们正尝试将科学研究转化为诗歌等诗意形式，以寻求用研究成果启发他人的新途径，同时阐述了诗歌在科学传播中的作用和意义，A项“Scientists Take on Poetry (科学家开始写诗)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年度江苏无锡市锡山区锡东高级中学第二学期期中) Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his PhD from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: How ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bent Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by entomologists (昆虫学者) and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic and evolutionary roots of animal behaviour and argued that genes shaped human behaviour. Wilson faced accusations (谴责) for these ideas but finally his work largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “One of the qualities I really admired about Professor Wilson was his ability to really listen to and engage with whomever he was interacting with, ” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees. 12．What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．His boyhood spent in nature. C．The school education he received. D．The discovery he made about ants. 13．What is the book On Human Nature about? A．The links between biology and human culture. B．The distribution of different species. C．The social structure of ants. D．The role of chemical signals in communication. 14．According to the last paragraph, which word can best describe Wilson? A．Warm-hearted. B．Honest. C．Independent. D．Productive. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote Wilson’s most popular books. B．To explain the social behavior of ants in detail. C．To highlight the challenges Wilson faced in his personal life. D．To introduce the life and key achievements of Wilson. 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．D 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了“蚁人”爱德华・威尔逊的生平，他因童年探索自然的经历痴迷蚂蚁，在哈佛取得多项重大科学成就，著作等身且为人谦逊。 【详解】12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures.( 威尔逊从小就喜欢探索森林和野生动物。其中一次冒险让他部分失明，但这也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终身痴迷。)”可知，威尔逊儿时在大自然中的经历让他对蚂蚁产生了如此浓厚的兴趣。 13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.( 1978 年，他关于生物学在人类文化中所起作用的观点在《人类本性》一书中得以阐述，该书使他于 1979 年获得了普利策奖。)”可知，《论人性》这本书系统阐述了生物学在人类文化中扮演的角色，即生物学与人类文化之间的联系。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world.( 威尔逊发表了400多篇科学论文和20本书。他获得了来自世界各地的150多个奖项和荣誉。)”可知，这些数据直接体现了威尔逊惊人的学术产出量，因此“多产的（Productive）”是最能概括他这一特质的词。 15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了威尔逊的童年经历、教育背景、四大核心学术成就（蚂蚁交流机制、《蚂蚁》、岛屿生物地理学、社会生物学）以及他的学术影响力和个人品格。由此可知，全文的核心目的是全面介绍爱德华・威尔逊的生平及其关键科学成就。 Passage 5 (2026年江苏常州市龙城高级中学春学期期中学情调研) When I was a child, an artist lived in the woods at the far end of the street where I lived with my parents. I was always told not to adventure into those woods, which, naturally, aroused my curiosity endlessly. His name was Jacques. They said he was a “mad artist,” crazy and mean and he had a dog, who he kept tied to a tree with a very long rope so that no one could come near. I knew that part wasn’t true because I spent hours in those woods and never saw a dog or heard any barking. Jacques had a very unique artistic technique, not a “modern” artist, not “abstract” or “impressionist” or any other art forms of which I admittedly know little. His was, in my description, “imaginary movement,” or “not so still life” if one can imagine such an art form. I used to slip into those woods and watch Jacques for hours as I stood unnoticed among the shadows of huge trees in sunlight at the window of the shabby wooden hut that was his studio. I was always fascinated to watch him and was especially excited when he began a new painting. When he began a new painting, he always seemed to have an angry frown on his face. Then, his expression would change from angry to deep concentration as if his whole being was somehow pulled inside himself and the outside world disappeared. Afterward, he would look at the painting again and then move to the side, make a half-turn, and make a dramatic bow to an invisible audience as if he had been watched during the entire period of creation. I had watched him go through this entire procedure, from start to finish, on more occasions than I can count, each time astonished by the amazing result of his precision. But there was one time, actually, the last time I watched him, as he stepped away from the canvas (画布), I was completely confused to see that the figure in the painting stared back at me, like a perfect mirror of me, it was chilling. How could he have caught what was not present when he didn’t even know I was there? Or did he? 16．Why was the author always told not to go into the woods? A．Jacques was considered dangerous and unkind. B．The woods were dangerous because of wild animals. C．The woods were at the far end of the street. D．Jacques had a dog running wild in the woods. 17．Which words can be used to describe Jacques? A．Scared and bad-tempered. B．Angry and frustrated. C．Social and impressive. D．Focused and strange. 18．What can be inferred from the author’s confusion? A．Jacques might have been aware of the author’s presence all along. B．The author had already predicted the content of the painting. C．The painting’s mirror-like effect was due to a technical error. D．Jacques intentionally painted the author’s reflection to frighten him. 19．What can we learn from this passage? A．Art lightens truths that canvas cannot carry. B．Art speaks where words fail. C．Art bridges the gap between reality and imagination. D．Art shows the unseen observer. 【答案】16．A 17．D 18．A 19．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了作者童年时听闻街边树林里住着一位被众人称为“疯狂画家”的雅克，出于好奇偷偷潜入树林观察他作画，描述了雅克独特的作画方式、神情变化与创作习惯。 【详解】16．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“They said he was a “mad artist,” crazy and mean and he had a dog, who he kept tied to a tree with a very long rope so that no one could come near. (人们说他是一位“疯狂的画家”，古怪又不友善，还养了一条狗拴在树上，不让任何人靠近。)” 可知，人们认为雅克危险且不友善，所以大人告诫作者不要进入树林。 17．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“They said he was a “mad artist,” crazy and mean and he had a dog, who he kept tied to a tree with a very long rope so that no one could come near. (人们说他是一位“疯狂的画家”，古怪又不友善，还养了一条狗拴在树上，不让任何人靠近。)”及第四段“Then, his expression would change from angry to deep concentration as if his whole being was somehow pulled inside himself and the outside world disappeared. (随后他的神情从恼怒变得极度专注，仿佛整个人沉浸在自我世界，外界都不复存在。)”可知，雅克做事专注、性格古怪独特。 18．推理判断题。根据原文最后两段“How could he have caught what was not present when he didn’t even know I was there? Or did he? (他根本不知道我在那里，怎么会画出不在场的我？还是他其实一直都知道？)” 可知，从作者的疑惑中可以推断，雅克或许一直都察觉到了作者的存在。 19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But there was one time, actually, the last time I watched him, as he stepped away from the canvas, I was completely confused to see that the figure in the painting stared back at me, like a perfect mirror of me, it was chilling. How could he have caught what was not present when he didn’t even know I was there? (但有一次，也是我最后一次看他作画，当他从画布前退后时，我整个人都愣住了：画中的人物正凝望着我，和我本人一模一样，宛如一面逼真的镜子，令人不寒而栗。他明明都不知道我在场，怎么能勾勒出本不存在的我的模样？)”可知，画家在不知旁观者样貌的情况下，画出了旁观的作者，艺术揭示了看不见的观察者。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年江苏南京市玄武区南京市第十三中学下学期4月阶段检测) It is sometimes jokingly said that you may skip a meal a day without any bad effect but skip using your WeChat for an hour and you will feel distinctly unwell. It is an acknowledgement of the fact that the app is no longer only a fun tool but an essential part of life for millions. Launched in January 2011, this messaging, social media and mobile payment app today has more than 1 billion individual users. People use it for everything, from applying for a business license to booking a hospital appointment to keeping up with family and friends, shopping and paying bills — activities that are part and parcel of our everyday life. When it was first introduced, WeChat was only an app supporting voice, video, picture and text messages between two persons or among a group. But today it has become ubiquitous. In the past, people carried their wallet and keys with them wherever they went; today, a smart phone with WeChat installed is all they need in daily life. Its functions like Moments and mini programs and the official WeChat accounts of government agencies and companies have made communication and public services accessible and convenient like never before. WeChat is also widely used by enterprises (公司). Figures from Tencent show there are around 15 million WeChat official accounts, which enjoy 5 billion followers. Most businesses use their WeChat groups as a standard marketing kit. This has greatly reduced advertising, marketing and communication costs. However, there are concerns about the downsides of WeChat, such as addiction among primary school children. Equally serious is the misuse of WeChat for cheating or other crimes. However, it has to be kept in mind that these fallouts are not really the fault of WeChat, but due to the misuse of the app. If we learn to temper our use of messaging apps with prudence (谨慎) and pragmatism (实用主义), we could be looking forward to yet new conveniences and experience in this decade with the rapid development of 5G technology and artificial intelligence. Ultimately, the choice is ours, whether to use WeChat or any other new invention, wisely or wantonly (不受约束地). 20．What can we conclude from the first paragraph? A．We can easily skip a meal a day. B．We will be ill by not using WeChat. C．WeChat used to be meant for fun. D．WeChat has become inseparable in daily life. 21．The underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 3 probably has the same meaning as ______. A．wherever B．nowhere C．somewhere D．everywhere 22．For what reason do the government agencies choose to use WeChat? A．WeChat has a mobile payment function. B．They can improve their service through WeChat. C．Mini programs are convenient for the agencies. D．People do not have to carry keys and cash with them. 23．What is to be remembered when we look at the downsides of WeChat? A．WeChat should be held responsibly. B．WeChat should be banned among primary school children. C．The improper use of the app leads to many problems. D．The 5G technology will bring new conveniences and experience. 【答案】20．D 21．D 22．B 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了微信从一款社交工具发展成人们生活不可或缺的应用，带来便利的同时也存在弊端，关键在于合理使用。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is an acknowledgement of the fact that the app is no longer only a fun tool but an essential part of life for millions.(这证实了一个事实：这款应用不再只是一个娱乐工具，而是数百万人生活中必不可少的一部分)”可知，微信已成为日常生活中不可或缺的东西。故选D。 21．词句猜测题。根据第四段“In the past, people carried their wallet and keys with them wherever they went; today, a smart phone with WeChat installed is all they need in daily life. (在过去，人们无论走到哪里都随身携带钱包和钥匙；如今，日常生活中人们只需一部安装了微信的智能手机就够了)”可知，微信无处不在，ubiquitous意为“无处不在的”，与everywhere意思相近。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段“Its functions like Moments and mini programs and the official WeChat accounts of government agencies and companies have made communication and public services accessible and convenient like never before. (它的朋友圈和小程序以及政府机构和公司的官方微信账号等功能使沟通和公共服务变得前所未有的便捷)”可知，政府机构可以通过微信提升服务水平。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据第六段“However, it has to be kept in mind that these fallouts are not really the fault of WeChat, but due to the misuse of the app. (然而必须记住，这些后果并非微信本身的问题，而是由于滥用这款应用导致的)”可知，问题源于对应用的不当使用。故选C。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 29 / 50 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（4篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年江苏省南京市高一下学期6月期末) Picturing Pickwick: The Art of The Pickwick Papers Published serially from 1836 to 1837, The Pickwick Papers formed Charles Dickens’s first novel. It helped to kick-start Dickens’s career, and continues to excite readers’ imaginations today. Picturing Pickwick explores the illustrations of this incredible book, which began with the cooperation between Dickens and the illustrator Robert Seymour. The exhibition, which runs from 6th April 2024 to 11th September 2024, explores the relationship between Dickens and his illustrators, and includes original illustrations of The Pickwick Papers, a page of the original manuscript, and historic monthly instalments (连载) of the story, some of which was penned here at 48 Doughty Street. The exhibition showcases a series of works by Anna Marongiu, an Italian artist who created 262 illustrations of The Pickwick Papers between 1928 and 1929. These rich artworks picture scenes from the novel that have rarely been illustrated. This is the first time they have been on display in the UK to celebrate the unique talent of Marongiu, whose own life was cut short in 1941 by a plane crash when she was just 34. Her Pickwick series was given to the Charles Dickens Museum by her family in the 1980s. The Pickwick Papers caused a sensation when it was published, inspiring ‘Pickwick Clubs’ and societies to be set up in honour of the work. The exhibition features items including an 1837 Pickwick Club MinuteBook, which records the debates of one such society. The display will also note the international reaction to the novel, exploring how the story came to Italy, where it would inspire such incredible artistry within Marongiu. Admission: Adult: £12.50; Child 6-16 years: £7.50; Child < 6 years: Free. Address: The Charles Dickens Museum, 48 Doughty Street, London WC1N 2LX. 1．What can be learned about the exhibition? A．It takes place in the second half of 2024. B．It reveals the stories behind The Pickwick Papers. C．It explores Dickens’s early career. D．It invites visitors to illustrate Dickens’s novels. 2．What do we know about Marongiu? A．She wasn’t acknowledged as an artist until 1941. B．She wasn’t interested in Dickens’s writing styles. C．She died young because of a serious disease. D．She did her Pickwick series in the 1920s. 3．How much should a 5-year-old boy and his parents pay for the exhibition? A．£20.00. B．£25.00. C．£32.50. D．£37.50. Passage 2 (2024-2025学年江苏省连云港市赣榆区高一下学期6月期末) Secondary Plus Online With Secondary Plus for 11-to 17-year-olds, you will learn with expert teachers in a supportive environment. Build your confidence to communicate in English and develop the life skills you need for a global world. This course is available in four learning plans to offer flexibility. Learning is a lifelong process and the 24-week learning plan will help you become an independent learner, and develop future life skills and a strong foundation in English learning. PRICE & DURATION You can study flexibly in 6, 12, or 18 weeks. We recommend the 12-week study plan to maximise learning and enhance communication skills. Course Duration 6-week learning plans 12-week learning plans Number of learning hours 12 hours of teacher-taught learning 12 hours of self-access learning 24 hours of teacher-taught learning 24 hours of self-access learning Course fee INR 6,000 INR 10,800 (with 10% discount) Price per class INR 500 INR 450 PLEASE NOTE The Secondary Plus Online course can be accessed using a desktop computer or a laptop. We want to make sure all our students enjoy a quality learning experience. You may face login (登陆) issues while accessing the course using a tablet; hence we don’t advise it. Registration will close 24 hours prior to course commencement (开始). Each time slot (时段) has limited seat availability. Registrations are on a first-come-first-served basis only. Classes will commence with minimum registrations to ensure an engaging learning experience. In case of less registration, the Customer Service team will contact you to agree on options. 4．Which learning plan is recommended for 11-to 17-year-olds? A．The 6-week learning plan. B．The 12-week learning plan. C．The 18-week learning plan. D．The 24-week learning plan. 5．How much should an applicant pay for 6 weeks of learning? A．INR 450. B．INR 500. C．INR 6,000. D．INR 10,800. 6．What should applicants pay attention to? A．Using tablets when login issues appear. B．Registering 24 hours before the course starts. C．Choosing courses with minimum registration restrictions. D．Contacting the Customer Service team during working hours. Passage 3 (2024-2025学年河北省雄安新区雄安十校高一下学期7月期末) Where to Eat Chinese Food on Christmas in Charm City It doesn’t feel like Christmas without a plate of Chinese dish. Here are a few of Baltimore’s Chinese food restaurants that are open on Christmas Day. Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro: Head to this Towson hangout to try Sichuan dishes that include salty, sour, sweet, and even floral flavors (花香). Besides spicy hot pots, the menu lists offerings like steamed chicken, stir-fried Shanghai cabbage, and sweet-and-sour fish, which support food delivery service. Location: 11 Allegheny Ave. Towson. Grace Garden: This Odenton treasure is all about typical Chinese style. Look out for family-style servings of pocket tofu, fish noodles, and tea - smoked duck with perfectly crisp (酥脆的) skin. The sugary fried rolls are also a must to end the meal on a sweet note. Location: 1690 Annapolis Rd., Odenton. Sonny Lee’ s Hunan Taste: In addition to the delicious dishes, the comforting atmosphere of this beautifully decorated restaurant has made it the most popular spot in the community for more than a decade. The service is always first-rate, and maybe you’re lucky enough to meet Sonny himself, who is making his rounds greeting guests or carving Peking duck at your table. Location: 750 Main St. Suite 104A, Reisterstown. Peter Chang Baltimore: Located near the Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, this restaurant is a destination for Chinese cakes, bubble tea, and a lengthy list of other vegan, seafood, and noodle dishes. Sit comfortably at the table and place a takeout order, but whatever you do, do not forget the sweet course. Location: 1923 Ashland Ave. Maryland 21205. 7．Which restaurant provides pocket tofu? A．Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro. B．Grace Garden. C．Sonny Lee’s Hunan Taste. D．Peter Chang Baltimore. 8．Where can you go for the Peking duck served by Sonny? A．11 Allegheny Ave. Towson. B．1690 Annapolis Rd., Odenton. C．750 Main St. Suite 104A, Reisterstown. D．1923 Ashland Ave. Maryland 21205. 9．What do Red Pepper Sichuan Bistro and Peter Chang Baltimore have in common? A．They offer takeout service. B．Their steamed dishes are popular. C．They are near a university campus. D．Their dining environment is first class. Passage 4 (2024-2025学年浙江省嘉兴市高一下学期6月期末) Traveling doesn’t mean ignoring your workout! San Francisco’s top hotels offer gyms that provide you with wonderful experiences, blending (融合) convenience with comfort. These four hotels deliver unusual fitness experiences. Hotel Zetta Address: 55 5th St, San Francisco, CA94103, USA Tel: (415) 453-8555 Located in the heart of San Francisco, this hotel has a 24-hour gym with modern exercise machines and equipment. Some rooms even include exercise bicycles, not to mention a fridge with free packed snacks. It’s a great place for any gym rat! Westin St. Francis Address: 335 Powell St, San Francisco, CA94102, USA Tel: (415) 397-7000 This 6,000-square-foot gym here stays open all day with various machines. If you forget your running shoes at home or fail to pack your workout clothes, don’t worry: Westin St. Francis and New Balance (NB) have teamed up to provide you with clean sports shoes and clothes for a $5 fee per stay. Palace Hotel Address: 2 New Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA94105, USA Tel: (415)512-1111 Palace Hotel’s updated fitness center has its own floor exercise room and features a nice indoor pool area with comfortable seating. After the tough exercising, you can relax in warm water baths. Hotel Drisco Address: 2901 Pacific Ave, San Francisco, CA94115, USA Tel: (415)346-2880 Along with a 24-hour fitness center, Hotel Drisco provides bicycles for free, together with helmets, locks, and backpacks for storing your belongings as you ride. In addition, you can also receive free access to a nearby youth club with a swimming pool, exercise classes, and guided hikes through the park. 10．Which hotel can offer guests free packed snacks? A．Hotel Zetta. B．Westin St. Francis. C．Palace Hotel. D．Hotel Drisco. 11．What do Westin St. Francis and Hotel Drisco have in common? A．Both partner with New Balance. B．Both have an indoor swimming pool. C．Both offer bicycle rental for free. D．Both provide a 24-hour fitness center. 12．Who might be most interested in the hotels mentioned in the text? A．Sports-loving tourists. B．Hotel-reviewing experts. C．Victory-pursuing athletes. D．Adventure-seeking explorers. 语篇类型二: 记叙文（4篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年浙江省台州市高一下学期6月期末) It was 3 a.m. when my phone buzzed (嗡嗡声) repeatedly, disturbing my baby who had just fallen asleep after an hour of rocking. It was a WhatsApp message from a mom friend. The screen lit up with a flood of messages — fellow moms discussing sleeping training, arranging playdates, and sharing Instagram posts about motherhood. Their cheerful “We can do this, mamas!” only increased my tiredness. The blue light from my phone screen left me wide awake with a racing heart. It’s in this moment that I made my change, sliding my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to access the control centre, hitting wildly at the little moon pattern that stops notifications (通知) in their tracks, and hanging up my virtual door sign: Do Not Disturb. That was three years ago. Since then, I’ve seldom turned notifications back on, except when waiting for important calls. I do not want to be disturbed; nor, actually, do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler (学步儿童) or his new baby brother does. Sure, I’m not easily reachable, which upsets my partner, but I’m calmer not being always there for the world and those WhatsApp-mad moms. I still work on my self-control to avoid checking my phone all the time for fear of missing out. The pull of unread messages is strong, but in general, the benefit to my mental health, sleep, and parenting is obvious. My phone is still a big part of my life, but it no longer disturbs my daily life as much as before. I believe this change has made me a better and more caring mother. There are, after all, few things that seek quite as much attention as toddlers and WhatsApp groups. Given the choice, I’d rather focus on my three-year-old trying to climb curtains, put the dog in the washing machine, or feed his baby brother a stick of chalk than on a phone buzzing with notifications pretending to be urgent. 1．What made the author turn on “Do Not Disturb” three years ago? A．Nonstop late-night messages. B．Complaints about phone overuse. C．Pointless mom-group chats. D．Failures in baby sleeping training. 2．Why does the author mention her children in paragraph 3? A．To show her busy schedules. B．To describe her family affairs. C．To explain her turning off notifications. D．To compare her children’s attention needs. 3．What is the author’s current phone usage like? A．She maintains strict control over notifications. B．She checks messages continuously for updates. C．She feels pressured to respond to every group message. D．She finds it impossible to balance phone use with parenting. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To share her phone-habit change. B．To solve problems in socializing. C．To warn against smartphone overuse. D．To discuss digital-age parenting struggles. Passage 2 (2024-2025学年安徽省宣城市高一下学期期末考试) Sandoval, who comes from Los Angeles, has traveled and filmed in over 50 countries across seven continents and now lives in China. “In 2008, tired of my studio work in the U.S, I came to China, with the hope of trying something different for myself.” he said. Sandoval is a professional photographer and he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then. To him, Chengdu is the capital of a laid-back lifestyle. He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets “as slowly as snails”. Almost a “walking encyclopedia” of Chengdu, Sandoval covered every corner of Chengdu and recorded Chengduese and their lives with his camera, listening to the sound of mahjong being played and music from traditional stringed instruments. He also goes from place to place with his heavy travel kit. The various culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning. He remembers a wide range of adventures like exploring a local vineyard and local wine in Yinchuan City, a riding performance by a Mongolian ethnic group in the Shuidonggou Horse Riding Show, and then the totally different experience of visiting the Hainan Free Trade Port in the south. He thinks he has done a lot in “this beautiful and vast country” with his “travel photos”. “I try to show people the beauty of where I go. I try to inspire them to travel and go to places. I’m hoping to do more international work,” he said. 5．Why did Sandoval come to China in 2008? A．He was not good at studio work in the U. S. B．He wanted to seek for something different. C．He had a preference for international work. D．He was attracted by China’s natural scenery. 6．What does the underlined word “laid-back” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fast-paced. B．Healthy. C．Leisurely. D．Simple. 7．Sandoval’s experiences around China are mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show . A．his fascination for Chinese culture B．his superb photo technique C．his desire for new careers D．his diverse hobbies 8．What is the writing purpose of this passage? A．To praise Sandoval for his studio work in the U. S. B．To facilitate the development of tourism in Chengdu. C．To call on readers to take up photography as a hobby. D．To introduce the experience of a foreign photographer in China. Passage 3 (2024-2025学年安徽省阜阳市临泉县高一下学期7月期末) I grew up as an only child, enjoying free-range childhood adventures in nature. I would disappear into the forest, fascinated by the mysterious stories of animals around me. When I was about seven, I came across a little cat seriously injured by a board. The vet (兽医) examined her mouth and said, “She’s not going to make it.” I couldn’t understand how he knew that. That moment awakened my interest in understanding animals, and I decided to become a vet. I eventually earned a degree and spent over 25 years working as an environmental health scientist. In 2017, concerns about antibiotic resistance (抗生素抗药性) led the US government to change laws, meaning beekeepers could no longer buy antibiotics over the counter; they now required a prescription (处方). This change inspired me to establish a veterinary practice specifically for bees—a unique field in the US. As a bee vet, I assist beekeepers facing various issues in their hives (蜂箱). European foulbrood, a disease often detectable by its special sweet smell, is especially harmful to babies. The queen survives, but over weeks or months, the colony fails. We’ve had terrible weather here. If bees are struggling to find food, it can put them at risk. Last February was really warm, and wild bees were coming out of hibernation (冬眠) only to find nothing for them to eat. This mismatch in timing is one of the leading risks to both honeybees and wild bees. Honeybees are protected from some environmental pressures because we house them, we feed them, and we care for them. It is the wild bees that I’m extremely worried about—they depend on how well the environment is supporting them. My first approach to learning this profession was books, but books can only take me so far. I feel like every bee is so precious now, especially early in the year. That is often when the wild bee queens are out and may be weak. Saving her can save a whole colony. So a lot is resting on that one bee: If I can help her, I will. 9．What inspired the author to become a vet? A．The experiences of raising pet cats. B．The joy of exploring nature as a child. C．The need for a vet specializing in bees. D．The words of a vet about an injured cat. 10．Why did the author establish a veterinary practice for bees? A．The government banned antibiotics for bees. B．Beekeepers needed prescriptions for antibiotics. C．Bee diseases had become more difficult to treat. D．Beekeeping had become more popular in the US. 11．According to the author, what is probably the deadliest threat to wild bees? A．The overuse of antibiotics. B．The increased honey demands. C．The abnormal weather patterns. D．The competition from farmed bees. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．A Vet’s Journey to Saving Bees B．A New Challenge for Beekeepers C．The Hidden Dangers of Antibiotics D．The Concerning Loss of Bee Population Passage 4 (2024-2025学年福建省漳州市高一下学期期末考试) In Kenya’s countryside, many women had to struggle with dried-up streams, food shortages, and long journeys to collect firewood for fuel and fencing — problems mainly caused by deforestation (森林砍伐). To solve these issues, Professor Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement (GBM) in 1977 to encourage women to work together to plant trees, which would help hold soil, store rainwater, and provide food and firewood. By doing so, they could also earn small payments for their work. The movement started with just seven trees planted on World Environment Day in 1977. Yet within months, it grew into a national effort with thousands of trees planted in rows to form “green belts”. As the trees took root, Professor Maathai saw something deeper. The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions. In response, the Green Belt Movement launched the Community Empowerment (赋权) and Education conferences to teach people how to stand up for their rights while protecting the land, empowering women to lead and challenge the traditional roles. Looking back, the journey has by no means been easy. Time and again, the group stood against powerful interests — from stopping a 60-story building in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park (1989) to saving Karura Forest from privatization (1999). These victories came at great risk. Professor Maathai and members always faced violent attacks and even death threats during protests. Yet, GBM never stopped. To date, hundreds of thousands of women have become involved, and over 5,000 tree farms have been established. More than 51 million trees have been planted — on farms, in schools and churches, along rivers, and throughout the nation, contributing significantly to environmental protection and sustainable (可持续的)development. In 2004, Professor Maathai was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to sustainable development, democracy (民主) and peace. Today, the work of Professor Maathai and the Green Belt Movement continues to stand as living proof that small actions make big changes. 13．Why did Professor Maathai originally start the Green Belt Movement? A．To ensure food safety. B．To create job opportunities. C．To unite women for land rights. D．To help women overcome environmental hardships. 14．What did Professor Maathai realize after the movement started? A．Lack of community fund. B．Strong disagreements from powerful interests. C．Women’s absence from community decisions. D．Difficulty in growing trees in drought-hit areas. 15．Which of the following best describes the Green Belt Movement? A．Tough but successful. B．Traditional but significant. C．Unrecognized but sustainable. D．Limited but well-known. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Trees for a Greener World B．Green Roots to Empowerment C．Facing Preservation Challenges D．Empowering Women through Leadership 语篇类型三: 说明文（6篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年湖南省永州市高一下学期期末质量监测) Danish recycling artist and climate activist Thomas Dambo is introducing his large troll sculptures (巨魔雕塑) to the United States. Together with 22 troll builders, Dambo has created 10 sculptures that spread from the East Coast to the West Coast. His U.S. tour, titled “Way of the Bird King”, uses thousands of thrown- away palettes (调色板) to create these magical woodland creatures. “It has always been a dream of mine to go on a coast-to-coast road trip, especially since my days as a rapper touring around Denmark in a big bus,” says Dambo. “So, in a way, this feels like my big American breakthrough. My hope is that these sculptures will not only show the beauty of recycled materials but also inspire people to reconnect with nature, and promote a greater sense of environmental responsibility.” Starting in New Jersey and finishing in Washington State, “Way of the Bird King” continues to use recycled materials to tell a story of honoring nature and protecting land and waterways. Along with the installations (雕塑装置), Dambo has also been hosting talks, workshops, and other events to connect with the local community. The Pacific Northwest is particularly represented on the tour, with one sculpture going up in Portland, Oregon, and five others located across West Washington. These Northwest Trolls were organized by the Scan De Foundation, which aims to support relations between Denmark and the United States. The organization connected Dambo with members of the Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie tribes (部落), as his trolls are set on their traditional land. Together, they worked to ensure that these installations would respect Native American traditions. “Dambo brings messages to the world about taking care of our planet and not being wasteful,” Halliday says. “Our tribe shares the same values, so it was a natural cooperation. We need to take care of our Mother Earth.” 1．Why did Thomas Dambo create the 10 sculptures? A．To show his artistic talent. B．To make a profit from art exhibitions. C．To experience a coast-to-coast road trip. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 2．What do we know about the “Way of the Bird King” tour? A．It starts in Washington State. B．It uses new materials to create sculptures. C．It only includes the display of installations. D．It aims to respect nature and protect land and waterways. 3．What is John Halliday’s attitude towards the cooperation with Dambo? A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of creating troll sculptures. B．Thomas Dambo’s U.S. tour with troll sculptures. C．The Scan De Foundation’s support for art events. D．Thomas Dambo’s experience as a rapper in Denmark. Passage 2 (2024-2025学年湖南省衡阳市常宁市高一下学期7月期末) When children learn a musical instrument, one of the hardest things for a parent to do is encourage them to practice. But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That may not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music. Researchers from the UK looked at data from an online survey of more than 1,000 people over the age of 40 who had been asked to talk about their musical experiences and exposure (暴露) to music during their lives. They were also given tasks that tested their memory and skills in things like planning and focusing. The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect. Singing was related to better brain health in older age too. The research team suggested that the social factors that came with singing in a singing group may also have had an effect. One of the researchers, Anne Corbett, who is a professor of dementia (痴呆) research at the University of Exeter, said that encouraging older adults to return to music later in life could be a useful public health strategy. Anne said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia. Of those who took part in the survey,89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing. 5．Which is a benefit children may get by learning musical instruments according to the text? A．Becoming famous. B．Doing things perfectly. C．Getting courage to try new things. D．Having better brain health in later life. 6．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Positive. B．Absolute. C．Typical. D．Sufficient. 7．According to Anne, how could music benefit older adults? A．It inspired them to sing more. B．It helps them stay physically active. C．It provides a relaxing mind in their free time. D．It lowers their chance of developing dementia. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the importance of a hobby. B．To tell us what we should do in daily life. C．To push people to join in music activities. D．To describe that singing is good for health. Passage 3 (2024-2025学年湖南省沅澧共同体高一下学期期末) Scientists have long been sounding the alarm about an approaching disaster of ocean overfishing — the harvesting of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for species to replace themselves. Scientists know when widespread overfishing of the seas began. And they have a pretty good idea when, if left unaddressed, it will end badly. Faced with the collapse of large-fish populations, commercial ships began traveling deeper in the ocean and farther down the food chain for practicable catches. This so-called “fishing down” has encouraged a chain reaction that is upsetting the ancient and delicate balance of the sea’s biologic system. coral reefs, for example, are particularly sensitive to overfishing. Fishing out too many herbivores (食草动物) — whether intentionally or as bycatch (误捕) — can weaken reefs and make them more sensitive to being destroyed by extreme weather events and climate change. Fishing equipment can also physically destroy the delicate corals that make up the reef foundations. Overfishing can also harm other species. Dolphins, sea birds, sharks, and other animals have all faced existential threats as bycatch. Over the years, humans have begun to understand that the oceans, thought to be unendingly vast and rich, are in fact highly delicate. Many scientists say most fish populations could be restored with forceful management and better application of laws governing catches, including establishing catch limits. An increased use of aquaculture (水产业), the farming of seafood, would also help. And in many regions, there is reason for hope. 9．What do we know about “fishing down”? A．It makes a lot of profit. B．It causes extreme climate change. C．It makes coral reefs more sensitive. D．It increases bycatch to balance the sea’s ecosystem. 10．How does overfishing harm species like dolphins and sharks? A．Accidental capture as bycatch. B．Competition with herbivores for food. C．Direct hunting for commercial purpose. D．destruction of their living environment. 11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．There are solutions and hope for recovery. B．The damage caused by overfishing affects our life. C．People’s awareness of ocean protection needs raising. D．Governments have taken forceful measures to manage overfishing. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Who to Blame? B．Where to Catch? C．Why the Overfishing? D．What disaster? Passage 4 (2024-2025学年湖北省仙桃市高一下学期期末质量监测) Dogs have been close four-legged friends of humans for as long as we can remember, but exactly how long has this relationship lasted? Scientists may finally have an answer, thanks to a new study on ancient human remains found in Alaska. The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today’s dogs began 12,000 years ago. “We now have proof that dogs and humans had close connections earlier than we thought in the Americas,” said the study’s lead author, Francois Laneo, an assistant researcher at the University of Arizona’s School of Anthropology. “People interested in the origins of the Americans want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess — it’s hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant.” In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age. More recently, in June 2023, the team dug up an 8,100-year-old jawbone from a similar animal at a nearby site. For the new study, scientists performed chemical tests on these bones. They found salmon proteins, suggesting these animals ate fish regularly. This was unusual because dog- like animals at the time only hunted land animals, showing human influence. While the team believes this is the earliest known relationship between humans and dogs, they say it’s too soon to be certain. A key question remains: “What defines a dog?” said Dr. Ben Pot, a co- author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Though these creatures acted and looked like dogs, they might be too ancient to be genetically connected to modern dogs we know today. 13．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Humans and dogs developed a close bond 12,000 years ago. B．Scientists discovered the oldest human remains in America. C．Ancient dogs survived the Ice Age by eating fish. D．A new study proves dogs originated in Alaska. 14．What can we infer about the significance of the discovery? A．It shows early human- dog friendship. B．It proves dogs came before humans. C．It changes ice Age theories. D．It explains dog DNA fully. 15．How was the age of the bone determined in the 2018 study? A．Genetic testing. B．Protein analysis. C．Carbon dating. D．Site comparison. 16．Why is the team uncertain about the earliest human-dog relationship? A．Weak DNA link. B．Not sure what is a “dog”. C．Few bone samples. D．unclear fish protein results. Passage 5 (2024-2025学年湖北省恩施州高一下学期期末质量监测) In 2016, China made April 24 Space Day to celebrate its space achievements. The country’s commercial space journey progressed quickly in November 2024 when the Long March 12 rocket was successfully sent into space from the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site in Wenchang. This important event showed that China had finished building its whole commercial space industry chain, including making satellites, launch services, and data applications. Commercial space means activities in space technology that are driven by the market, aiming to make profits through launches and services. Globally, the U.S. is the leader in this field. In 2023, the world’s space economy made $400 billion, and commercial satellites accounted for 71% ($285 billion). Private companies like SpaceX helped the U.S. stay ahead with creative methods in making reusable rockets and satellite internet (Starlink). The U.S. also leads in space investment, securing 51% of the world’s money put into space projects. China entered commercial space later but has gained momentum. Since announcing Long March rockets for international launches in 1985, its market scale has sharply risen from 0.6 trillion yuan ($82 billion) in 2018 to 1.9 trillion yuan in 2023, growing 23% per year. Government support has helped this growth: commercial space was called a “new growth engine” in China’s 2024 government report, and Hainan province has set up platforms for rocket recovery technology. The Hainan launch site is a game-changer. Its No. 2 launch pad (发射台), designed for medium-sized liquid-fuel rockets, enables high-frequency, cost-effective launches with rapid turnaround times. The Long March 12 rocket, China’s first 3.8-meter-diameter vehicle, uses a design that breaks it into parts to make it better at carrying things and cheaper. A key innovation (创新) is its way of putting the rocket together and moving it while it’s lying down. This gets rid of the need for tall buildings to assemble (组装) the rockets, cuts down on work done high up, and improves efficiency. Looking ahead, China plans to launch many satellites in low -Earth orbits to give broadband internet to the whole world. With continuous breakthroughs in reusable rocket technology and simpler launch processes, the country is on track to become a major player of the global space economy by 2025, finding a good balance between innovation and commercial possibility. 17．What may contribute to the U.S.’s leading place in the commercial space field? A．A complete commercial space industry chain. B．High government funding for space projects. C．Market-driven profitable activities. D．The establishment of Space Day. 18．What does the underlined phrase “gained momentum” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Advanced rapidly B．Sped suddenly C．Progressed gradually D．Changed completely 19．Why is the Hainan launch site called a game-changer? A．Intended to launch China’s biggest rockets. B．Having creative and efficient technical advantages. C．Able to conduct many launches quickly and costly. D．Using a traditional system for rocket assembly. 20．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．China has the most advanced reusable rocket technology. B．China has launched many satellites for global broadband. C．China aims to make both breakthroughs and profits D．China aims to lead the global economy by 2025 Passage 6 (2024-2025学年河南省平顶山市等3地高一下学期6月期末) Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 21．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 22．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．What encourages bacterial growth. B．How sponges are exactly structured. C．How bacteria grow independently. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 23．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Poorly adaptive. B．Relatively harmless. C．Partly distributed. D．Surprisingly unpleasant. 24．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Evidence of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to help bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. 语篇类型四: 议论文+ 文体（4篇） Passage 1 (2024-2025学年河南省商丘市高一下学期期末联考) Walking around most large cities in Europe and the United States, you may find it easy and cheap to get shared bikes and cars ready to use with a tap on your phone — unless you are older, have a disability, lack a smartphone or credit card, or live in a poorer neighborhood. These services usually appear in richer areas and often can’t handle wheelchairs or child seats. As a result, most riders are young, able-bodied, well-off, and male. Shared mobility could be a key part of a more sustainable (可持续的) transportation system. If shared mobility could work for everyone, it might cut city traffic by as much as 90 percent and reduce transport emissions (排放) by half. But today, private cars still cover 61 percent of all travel in the Global North. To move more people away from private cars to shared ones is an important first step, because a lot of people are left out today. A 2019 study of 10 US cities, for example, showed that a fifth of low-income Americans still don’t have a smartphone and almost a quarter don’t have a bank account — both necessary for using most shared mobility services. A 2017 survey in Philadelphia, Chicago and Brooklyn showed that low-income people are just as interested in bikesharing as other groups, but less likely to use such a system: While 10 percent of higher-income people were members of a bikeshare system, only two percent of lower-income people were. How can we bridge the accessibility gap? In several US cities, low-income subsidy (补贴) programs have increased bikeshare use among underserved groups. In Buffalo, New York, an organization launched an “E-Bike Library” using 3,000 e-bikes retired by a private company. 71 percent of its members tried e-bikes for the first time, and 84 percent were low-income people. Simple fixes can make a big difference. When mobility providers include diverse voices in planning and care more about users’ needs, they build services that work for everyone. In that case, shared mobility can become truly fair, green, and effective. 1．What does the author intend to point out in paragraph 1? A．Kids should respect wheelchair users. B．People are glued to their mobile phones. C．Access to shared mobility is unequal. D．It’s hard to find a shared car in the US. 2．What percentage of all travel in the Global North do private cars account for? A．50%. B．61%. C．75%. D．90%. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The challenges facing shared mobility. B．A significant increase in people’s income. C．The downside of the bikeshare service. D．A change in personal preference for bikes. 4．What does the author expect mobility providers to do? A．Fix broken bikes in time. B．Put more effort into e-cars. C．Voice their views on travel. D．Meet customers’ real needs. Passage 2 (2024-2025学年山东省威海市高一下学期期末考试) In a world where tree-dwelling animals (树栖动物) must brave traffic every day just to find lunch, a Brazilian biologist called Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help — by building special rope bridges that let animals stay in the trees and avoid the dangers below. The idea came to Abra years ago when she spotted a Groves’ titi monkey — a species close to extinction — sitting dangerously close to a road. “It was totally left unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That moment set off a mission to protect Brazil’s wildlife, which loses about 475million wild animals yearly to car accidents. Partnering with the native people. Abra started the Reconecta Project. Together, they’ve built over 30 canopy (树冠) bridges along a long highway through the Amazon. These overpasses aren’t just simple rope-and-wood structures. Each bridge is a high-tech design, equipped with cameras to monitor animals crossing. The videos show which species are frequent crossers, and which ones still avoid the bridges. The data helps improve designs, turning unwilling animals into regular crossers. But the bridges do more than protect animals from being killed on the road. By reconnecting once-separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food, and even meet partners. For species that live alone, this could mean more chances to survive and grow their populations. Abra’s work couldn’t be timelier. The fast growth of road construction in Brazil is hurting the natural homes of animals. Yet her team isn’t just building bridges — they’re adding speed bumps (减速带) on roads and posting animal-crossing signs to remind drivers they’ re sharing the roads. The project’s success has even caught global attention, mirroring efforts like California’s mountain lion-friendly freeway overpass. Now, Reconecta is branching out. Abra is bringing together government departments, nonprofits, and universities to weave more green threads across Brazil’s road network. “Brazil has an amazing biodiversity (生物多样性),” she said. “I will do everything that I can to protect this rich biodiversity.” 5．What was the direct reason for Abra to start Reconecta? A．Desiring to partner with natives. B．Knowing the yearly animal death rate. C．Noticing animals endangered by traffic. D．Worrying about the loss of Amazon rainforest. 6．What are the cameras on the canopy bridges used to do? A．Help animals to find food. B．Monitor species populations. C．Scare off enemies for monkeys. D．Record crossings for better designs. 7．Why is California’s freeway overpass mentioned? A．To point out timely actions are needed. B．To introduce a new method for animal protection. C．To show the Reconecta Project is getting global attention. D．To stress shared challenges in road construction worldwide. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The lifelines built in the treetops for wildlife. B．The value of protecting Amazon’s biodiversity. C．The need for combined efforts to protect wildlife. D．The risks caused by Brazil’s highway development. Passage 3 (2024-2025学年黑龙江省哈尔滨德强高级中学高一下学期7月期末) Next time you’re walking through a park on a hot day, take a moment to sit under a big old tree. You’ll find that the temperature is something like 2℃ cooler than if you were beneath an umbrella. Why? Because a mature tree releases a massive amount of water from its leaves, which cools the surrounding air, just like the way sweating cools our bodies down. So a single tree influences the microclimate around it — but what about an entire forest? That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees by German forester Peter Wohlleben. He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival, protect and look after their young. For readers, some of this language is familiar, and some may know that this style has been a source of derision (嘲笑) in the past. However, it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life and makes complex science accessible. He explains processes, such as the way trees access and use sugars at different times of the year, in simple, everyday terms. Wohlleben writes in a calm style, but he can’t hide his anger with the way people today — including many environmentalists — now “think of trees as little more than biological storage units for carbon dioxide either while they are alive or when they are dead”. This narrow perspective ignores the vast beneficial effects that forests generate for global temperature management. His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby. This book is wise and thought-provoking. In his chapter highlighting the role of wolves as top predators (捕食者) in preserving the forest, Wohlleben writes: “We can come at protecting forests from whatever direction we want, but the results are always the same. We must put less pressure on nature by exploiting (开发) it less. We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves.” 9．What does The Power of Trees explore? A．Temperature management. B．The loss of water in leaves. C．Formation of microclimates. D．The vital role that forests play. 10．Which can describe the language in the book? A．Complex. B．Fancy. C．Approachable. D．Professional. 11．How does Wohlleben deal with people’s narrow perspective on forests? A．He treats it lightly. B．He turns a deaf ear to it. C．He refers to it selectively. D．He argues against it convincingly. 12．What does Wohlleben suggest for protecting forests? A．Fighting climate change. B．Leaving them alone. C．Returning farmland to forest. D．Driving wolves away. Passage 4 (2024-2025学年(甘肃省定西市临洮县高一下学期期末统考) A heart-stopping rescue mission unfolded in Heber-Overgaard, Arizona, when a mother horse and her baby became trapped in a drying mud hole. The rescue began with a call from a group of people visiting the area to photograph the famous Heber Wild Horses. They contacted a local group for advice on the best places to see the horses. One suggested location had a dirt water tank that had been drying out, creating a dangerous mud area. Shortly after noon, an emergency message came, “Need help. Horses are trapped in mud and sinking!” Without hesitation, volunteers rushed into action, gathering ropes and asking neighbors for help. When they arrived, a couple with a small vehicle and ropes were already working with the photographers. They had successfully freed the young horse and turned their focus to the mother. Over the course of more than an hour, seven individuals worked hard to save the tired mother horse. The baby horse waited anxiously nearby, calling to her mother. The team worked carefully, letting the mother horse rest between attempts to avoid injury. At first, the only option was to place the rope around the mother horse’s neck, but the team tied it skillfully to prevent her from choking (窒息). Once the mother horse gained some strength to struggle on her own, the team pulled gently, later managing to reposition the rope around her haunches (腰腿) for a safer and more effective rescue. Finally, after non-stop teamwork, the mother horse was pulled free. Although shaky on her feet, she managed to stand and rejoin her baby. Together, they walked into the forest — safe at last. The local group shared their deep gratitude for the teamwork that made the rescue possible. “I am so grateful for what you all did and amazed by the communication, cooperation, and determination in this rescue,” the group wrote. The group has since told the U.S. Forest Service about the dangerous mud hole to prevent future problems. 13．Who first reported the emergency? A．The U.S. Forest Service. B．The local volunteers. C．Some photographers. D．Some neighboring residents. 14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The efforts to save the mother horse. B．Teamwork and gratitude in the rescue. C．Struggle and challenges the horses met. D．The baby horse anxiously calling for help. 15．Which of the following can best describe the rescue team? A．Anxious and helpless. B．Talkative and friendly. C．Responsive and cooperative. D．Frightened and inexperienced. 16．What does the text mainly show? A．The threat some horses are faced with. B．The harmony between humans and nature. C．The danger posed by mud areas to wildlife. D．The difficulty in saving endangered animals. Passage 1 (2025-2026学年浙江省强基联盟高一下学期5月阶段检测) Go Places with Reading Read Across America Day falls on March 2 each year. The event was started in 1998 by the National Education Association. One of its main goals is to introduce children to different books with characters they can relate to and worlds different from their own. Here are some ways you can take part in the celebration. Host a book exchange Ask friends or family members to bring a middle-grade book they would recommend. Lay the books out on a table and give everyone a chance to read the plot summaries. Try making the exchange extra fun with snacks, like gummy worms. Everyone can go home with one or more new books. Read as a group Plan a “read-in” where a group reads together. You can also ask a teacher to hold one in a classroom. Ask everyone to bring a book and read a short passage aloud. This is a great way to spark (引发) conversations and discover new books for your reading list. Explore this year’s theme The 2026 theme for Read Across America is kindness, so this is a great time to choose titles with that focus, such as The Invisible Boy by Trudy Ludwig. Reflect on what you’ve read You might enjoy keeping track of your reading in a journal or on a computer. Think about what stood out to you about the story, the setting, or the characters and reflect on what you’ve learned. For more reading suggestions, please check out the “50 books, 50 states” list which can be found at kids.theweekjunior.com/bookclub. You can try reading four or more books set in different states or places you are curious about. 1．What is the aim of Read Across America? A．To transport children to various places. B．To share various books with children. C．To inspire children to write books. D．To collect views on famous books. 2．Which activity will one join if interested in recording thoughts? A．Hosting a book exchange. B．Reading as a group. C．Exploring this year’s theme. D．Reflecting on what you’ve read. 3．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．Book sellers. B．Middle-grade readers. C．Teachers. D．Young adults. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年安徽阜阳市临泉县临泉田家炳实验中学（临泉县教师进修学校）月考) Mounting evidence links red meat consumption (消费) with a higher risk of diseases in humans and significant harm to the environment. In contrast, forage (饵料) fish, which are food for larger predators, are highly nutritious (有营养的), environmentally friendly and the most abundant fish species in the world’s oceans. While research has shown the benefits of forage fish, until now it has been unclear to what extent they might cut the global burden of diseases if substituted for red meat. Now a team of Japanese and Australian researchers have an answer after conducting the largest analysis of its kind. The researchers modelled four situations, each representing a different pattern of forage fish distribution globally. They used data for projected red meat consumption in 2050 and historical data on the forage fish catch from marine habitats. Globally, this approach could prevent as many as 750,000 deaths from diet-related diseases in 2050 and avoid up to 15 million years of life lived with a disability. Forage fish are abundant in calcium, vitamin B12 and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the intake of which may prevent coronary heart diseases. They also have the lowest carbon footprint of any animal food source, the researchers said. Adopting this type of diet would be especially helpful for low- and middle-income countries, where these fish are cheap and plentiful, and the toll taken by heart diseases in particular is high, the researchers added. However, at the moment three-quarters of forage fish catches are made into fish meal and fish oil — products mostly used for fish farming. The limited supply of forage fish isn’t sufficient to replace all red meat, the researchers acknowledged. But swapping them could still substantially cut the global burden of diseases. “This study points to the need for fish-based food policy guidelines and nutrition-sensitive policies to promote forage fish consumption,” the researchers wrote. 4．Which is a problem of eating red meat according to the text? A．Harming the planet. B．Reducing animal diversity. C．Causing economic stress. D．Leading to poor nutrition. 5．What do the numbers in paragraph 3 indicate? A．The large increase in deadly diseases. B．The serious destruction of ocean habitats. C．The really huge consumption of red meat. D．The extremely good effect of eating forage fish. 6．What are fish meal and fish oil mainly used to do now? A．Catch fish. B．Raise fish. C．Produce drugs. D．Cook vegetables. 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Diet-related diseases are on the rise B．Environmental problems are getting worse C．Fish farming — a career producing good nutrition D．Forage fish — a promising replacement for red meat Passage 3 (2025-2026学年湖南长沙市明德中学高一下学期3月阶段测试) Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive (互相排斥) career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice (伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The gap between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 8．What is the purpose of mentioning the famous people in paragraph 1? A．To display they were talented. B．To confirm they were out of favor. C．To encourage different career paths. D．To show poetry and science can be combined. 9．What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A．Promote a new science-poetry journal. B．Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C．Encourage science communication through poems. D．Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 10．What does Illingworth think of the present ways of science communication? A．Complex. B．Creative. C．Effective. D．Traditional 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Take on Poetry B．Scientists and Poets Think Alike C．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue Passage 4 (2025-2026学年度江苏无锡市锡山区锡东高级中学第二学期期中) Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his PhD from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: How ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bent Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by entomologists (昆虫学者) and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic and evolutionary roots of animal behaviour and argued that genes shaped human behaviour. Wilson faced accusations (谴责) for these ideas but finally his work largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “One of the qualities I really admired about Professor Wilson was his ability to really listen to and engage with whomever he was interacting with, ” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees. 12．What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．His boyhood spent in nature. C．The school education he received. D．The discovery he made about ants. 13．What is the book On Human Nature about? A．The links between biology and human culture. B．The distribution of different species. C．The social structure of ants. D．The role of chemical signals in communication. 14．According to the last paragraph, which word can best describe Wilson? A．Warm-hearted. B．Honest. C．Independent. D．Productive. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote Wilson’s most popular books. B．To explain the social behavior of ants in detail. C．To highlight the challenges Wilson faced in his personal life. D．To introduce the life and key achievements of Wilson. Passage 5 (2026年江苏常州市龙城高级中学春学期期中学情调研) When I was a child, an artist lived in the woods at the far end of the street where I lived with my parents. I was always told not to adventure into those woods, which, naturally, aroused my curiosity endlessly. His name was Jacques. They said he was a “mad artist,” crazy and mean and he had a dog, who he kept tied to a tree with a very long rope so that no one could come near. I knew that part wasn’t true because I spent hours in those woods and never saw a dog or heard any barking. Jacques had a very unique artistic technique, not a “modern” artist, not “abstract” or “impressionist” or any other art forms of which I admittedly know little. His was, in my description, “imaginary movement,” or “not so still life” if one can imagine such an art form. I used to slip into those woods and watch Jacques for hours as I stood unnoticed among the shadows of huge trees in sunlight at the window of the shabby wooden hut that was his studio. I was always fascinated to watch him and was especially excited when he began a new painting. When he began a new painting, he always seemed to have an angry frown on his face. Then, his expression would change from angry to deep concentration as if his whole being was somehow pulled inside himself and the outside world disappeared. Afterward, he would look at the painting again and then move to the side, make a half-turn, and make a dramatic bow to an invisible audience as if he had been watched during the entire period of creation. I had watched him go through this entire procedure, from start to finish, on more occasions than I can count, each time astonished by the amazing result of his precision. But there was one time, actually, the last time I watched him, as he stepped away from the canvas (画布), I was completely confused to see that the figure in the painting stared back at me, like a perfect mirror of me, it was chilling. How could he have caught what was not present when he didn’t even know I was there? Or did he? 16．Why was the author always told not to go into the woods? A．Jacques was considered dangerous and unkind. B．The woods were dangerous because of wild animals. C．The woods were at the far end of the street. D．Jacques had a dog running wild in the woods. 17．Which words can be used to describe Jacques? A．Scared and bad-tempered. B．Angry and frustrated. C．Social and impressive. D．Focused and strange. 18．What can be inferred from the author’s confusion? A．Jacques might have been aware of the author’s presence all along. B．The author had already predicted the content of the painting. C．The painting’s mirror-like effect was due to a technical error. D．Jacques intentionally painted the author’s reflection to frighten him. 19．What can we learn from this passage? A．Art lightens truths that canvas cannot carry. B．Art speaks where words fail. C．Art bridges the gap between reality and imagination. D．Art shows the unseen observer. Passage 6 (2025-2026学年江苏南京市玄武区南京市第十三中学下学期4月阶段检测) It is sometimes jokingly said that you may skip a meal a day without any bad effect but skip using your WeChat for an hour and you will feel distinctly unwell. It is an acknowledgement of the fact that the app is no longer only a fun tool but an essential part of life for millions. Launched in January 2011, this messaging, social media and mobile payment app today has more than 1 billion individual users. People use it for everything, from applying for a business license to booking a hospital appointment to keeping up with family and friends, shopping and paying bills — activities that are part and parcel of our everyday life. When it was first introduced, WeChat was only an app supporting voice, video, picture and text messages between two persons or among a group. But today it has become ubiquitous. In the past, people carried their wallet and keys with them wherever they went; today, a smart phone with WeChat installed is all they need in daily life. Its functions like Moments and mini programs and the official WeChat accounts of government agencies and companies have made communication and public services accessible and convenient like never before. WeChat is also widely used by enterprises (公司). Figures from Tencent show there are around 15 million WeChat official accounts, which enjoy 5 billion followers. Most businesses use their WeChat groups as a standard marketing kit. This has greatly reduced advertising, marketing and communication costs. However, there are concerns about the downsides of WeChat, such as addiction among primary school children. Equally serious is the misuse of WeChat for cheating or other crimes. However, it has to be kept in mind that these fallouts are not really the fault of WeChat, but due to the misuse of the app. If we learn to temper our use of messaging apps with prudence (谨慎) and pragmatism (实用主义), we could be looking forward to yet new conveniences and experience in this decade with the rapid development of 5G technology and artificial intelligence. Ultimately, the choice is ours, whether to use WeChat or any other new invention, wisely or wantonly (不受约束地). 20．What can we conclude from the first paragraph? A．We can easily skip a meal a day. B．We will be ill by not using WeChat. C．WeChat used to be meant for fun. D．WeChat has become inseparable in daily life. 21．The underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 3 probably has the same meaning as ______. A．wherever B．nowhere C．somewhere D．everywhere 22．For what reason do the government agencies choose to use WeChat? A．WeChat has a mobile payment function. B．They can improve their service through WeChat. C．Mini programs are convenient for the agencies. D．People do not have to carry keys and cash with them. 23．What is to be remembered when we look at the downsides of WeChat? A．WeChat should be held responsibly. B．WeChat should be banned among primary school children. C．The improper use of the app leads to many problems. D．The 5G technology will bring new conveniences and experience. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 31 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $