2026届湖南师范大学附属中学高三模拟卷(三)英语试题

高三模拟卷（三) 英语 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自已的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷 上无效。 3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 的 阁 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读 两遍。 1.What will Chris,do next? A.Go to sleep. B.Drink some coffee. C.Watch the World Cup final. 2.When will the movie start!? 超 A.At 7:00 p.m. B.At 6:00 p.m. C.At 5:00 p.m. 3.What is the woman's attitude to the man's suggestion A.Favorable. B.Tolerant. C.Negative. 4.What can we learn about Tom? A.He's smart for his age. B.He's unwilling to study. C.He's difficult to get along with. 5.Why does the woman apologize? A.For the wasted food. B.For the ruined books.C.For the dirty schoolbag 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题 将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.Where are the speakers probably? A.In a taxi. B.At the airport. C.On the train. 英语试题(T10)第1页（共12页） 7.What will the man do next?, A.Speed up a little.. B.Take another route. C.Meet with a writer. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题 8.What is the main topic of the conversation? A.A recent trip. B.A school project. C.A childhood memory. 9.What was the highlight of the speakers'trip? A.Taking photos with friends. B.Finding the hidden waterfall. C.Meeting animals in the woods 10.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Brother and sister. B.Teacher and student.C.Husband and wife. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.What is Betty going to do next week? A.Clean up pets. B.Tidy up tne yard. C.Shift to a new place. 12.What is unacceptable behavior to the neighbors according to Daniel? A.Keeping noisy pets. B.Throwing away trash everywhere. C.Having parties at an unreasonable hour. 13.What gift will Betty probably get for her neighbors? A.Fine wine. B.Delicious cookies. C.Beautiful flowers. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14.What is the woman looking for? A.A campus part-time job B.A chance to work online. C.A program for job experience. 15.What field is the woman interested in? A.Government policy. B.Environmental work. C.Business management. 16.Why does Mr.Johnson suggest-wisiting the career center? A.To attend workshops B.To find listed programs. C.To meet the club leaders. 17.What advice is given on the application process? A.Building up contacts. B.Volunteering at the center. C.Focusing less on coursework. 英语试题(T10)第2页（共12页） 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18.Who is the probable audience? A.Health care and health insurance-staff. B.The full-time native students in Harvard University. C.International students and scholars in Harvard University. 19.What is the benefit of buying health insurance? A.To cover all medical costs. B.To protect you against high medical costs. C.To fulfill the responsibility of paying for medical care. 20.Who needn't buy the Harvard health insurance? A.Visiting professors. B.International students. C.International scholars. 第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The city museum will hold three special exhibitions this summer,open to all students with a student ID for free.The museum will arrange free guided tours every morning at 10:00 and every afternoon at 2:00,and students can sign up on site.Lockers are provided for free to store personal items such as schoolbags and mobile phones. Ancient Coin Exhibition Date:July 5-July 20 (closed on Mondays) Opening Time:9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.(last entry at 4:30 p.m. It shows over 300 ancient coins from different dynasties,ranging from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qing Dynasty.Some rare coins with unique designs are on display for the first time.Professional guides offer free explanation every two hours,and a small brochure introducing the history of ancient coins is available for free at the entrance.No video recording is permitted inside the exhibition hall,but taking photos without flash is allowed. Natural Animal Photo Exhibition Date:July 25-August 10 (closed on Mondays) Opening Time:9:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m.(last entry at 4:00 p.m.) All photos are taken by famous wildlife photographers from around the world,showing rare animals from home and abroad,such as giant pandas,African elephants and Arctic foxes.Each photo is accompanied by a brief introduction of the animal's living habits.Visitors are allowed to take photos without flash light,and a photo wall is set up for students to share their photos. 英语试题(T10)第3页（共12页） Modern Art Creation Exhibition Date:August 15-August 30 (closed on Mondays) Opening Time:10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.(last entry at 5:30 p.m.) It displays more than 80 paintings and handcrafts from young artists aged 18-30,with themes of nature,youth and life.Students can join free art workshops at 3:00 every afternoon,where professional artists will teach simple handcraft skills.Visitors can also leave messages to encourage the young artists. All exhibitions are closed on Mondays,and the museum will be closed on July 15 for routine maintenance、 21.How long will the Ancient Coin Exhibition last? A.15 days. B.16 days. C.20 days. D.25 days. 22.What is allowed in the Natural Animal Photo Exhibition? A.Joining art workshops. B.Taking photos with no flash. C.Coming without a student ID. D.Talking with wildlife photographers. 23.What do the three exhibitions have in common? A.They provide free art lessons. B.They are held in August only. C.They are open till 18:00 every day. D.They are not available on Mondays B Born in 1987 into a poor,broken family in a remote Hunan village,Zhang Xue seemed destined for hardship.Raised by his grandmother in a mud-brick house with a leaking roof,he was a quiet boy.At 14,he dropped out of junior high to become a motorcycle repair apprentice().He slept in a cold attic and often went hungry.His hands were permanently stained with oil,his fingers scarred from years of hard work.But during those difficult days, a wild dream took root:to build Chinese high-performance motorcycles that could race-and win-on the world stage. With no money,no education,and no connections,Zhang taught himself engines.He worked 18-hour days,taking motors apart until he could assemble one blindfolded.At 19,he chased a TV crew's van()for 100 kilometers in the rain on a beat-up motorcycle, begging for a chance to show his riding skills.Covered in mud and bruises(),he refused to quit until they filmed him.That determination earned him his first break as a professional racer. For years,Zhang raced across China,winning events while quietly planning his own brand.In 2013,with only 20,000 yuan ($2,800),he moved to Chongqing and started a tiny workshop in a rented bedroom.He worked alone-designer,mechanic,salesman-surviving on instant noodles and three hours of sleep a night.In 2017,he co-founded Kayu Motorcycle, 英语试题(T10)第4页（共12页） a top seller in China.But when his partners resisted investing in his own engine development, he left with nothing to start over. In 2024,at age 37,Zhang bet everything on a new company named ZXMOTO.He mortgaged()his house and worked nonstop.Two years later,in March 2026,his ZXMOTO 820RR-RS-powered by a self-built engine-won both races at the World Superbike Championship in Portugal,beating Ducati,Yamaha,and Kawasaki.It was the first Chinese brand ever to win a world superbike race.Today,ZXMOTO is valued at over a billion yuan, but Zhang remains humble:"I just work 10 times harder than anyone else. 24.What can we learn about Zhang's early life from the first paragraph? A.Lonely and aimless. B.Busy and carefree. C.Isolated and helpless. D.Penniless and tough. 25.Why did Zhang chase the TV crew's van? A.To show off his beat-up motorcycle. B.To present them with his riding talent. C.To gain access-to advanced riding skills. D.To ask them to film his race experience. 26.What caused Zhang to leave Kayu Motorcycle? A.He was left with no profit share. B 1 ow-cost motorcycles were favored. C.He wanted to start a new company. D.No funding was secured for his engine. 27.What does Zhang's experience show? A.Talent decides achievement. B.Self-learning leads to success. C.A willing heart overcomes all. D.Teamwork guarantees victory. C China is making steady progress in its manned lunar exploration program,with all research and construction advancing as planned to achieve the goal of sending Chinese astronauts to the lunar surface by 2030,according to the China Manned Space Agency. Key components of the ambitious project,including the Long March 10 heavy-lift carrier rocket,the Mengzhou manned spacecraft,the Lanyue lunar lander,the Wangyu lunar suit and the Tansuo crewed lunar rover(月球车)，are currently in the early development stage,and the design work is proceeding on schedule.Meanwhile,construction of new testing and launch facilities is underway at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province.The overall design plans for ground systems like tracking,command and landing site infrastructure have been finalized,and construction work is set to begin soon. The country's first manned lunar expedition will involve two Long March 10 launches from Wenchang to transport the Lanyue lander and the Mengzhou spacecraft to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset orbital positions,the lander and the spacecraft will rendezvous. 英语试题(T10)第5页（共12页） Two crew members will enter the lander,which will then separate and go down toward the lunar surface for an engine-assisted soft landing.On the moon,the astronauts will drive the Tansuo rover to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples.Upon completion,they will return to the lander,which will fly them back to their spaceship waiting in lunar orbit. Finally,the astronauts will carry the samples into the Mengzhou spacecraft and return to Earth. Once realized,China will become the second nation to land astronauts on the moon, following the United States'six successful Apollo missions in the 1960s and 1970s.To prepare for this challenging adventure,China has selected its fourth group of astronauts,who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations. 28.What can we learn about China's manned lunar program. A.Key components are in final testing stage. B.Ground systems design is under discussion. C.New launch facilities are fully in operation. D.Research and construction work is on track. 29.What does the underlined word "rendezvous"mean in paragraph 3? A.Separate. B.Adjust. C.Meet. D.Land. 30.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Lunar landing preparations are underway. B.The 2030 goal will be achieved ahead of schedule. C.China aims to surpass the US in lunar exploration. D.Apollo missions set new goals for China's program. 31.What is the main purpose of the passage?. A.To outline China's space overall layout. B.To popularize China's space knowledge. C.To analyze China's space talent training. D.To show China's manned lunar progress D Dreams have fascinated people for thousands of years,yet we struggle to understand their purpose.A recent theory by David Eagleman,a neuroscientist at Stanford University,suggests nighttime dreams protect the visual cortex ()the part of the brain responsible for processing vision,from being taken over during sleep by other sensory functions,such as hearing or touch. Eagleman's theory takes into account that the human brain is highly adaptive,with certain areas able to take on new tasks,an ability called neuroplasticity.He argues that neurons compete for survival.The brain distributes its resources by "conducting a do-or-die 英语试题(T10)第6页（共12页） competition"for brain territory in which sensory areas "gain or lose neural territory when inputs slow,stop or shift""Just think of neighboring nations.They claim their territories and constantly defend them,"says Eagleman. When we sleep,we can smell,hear and feel,but visual information is absent-except during REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep.About 90 minutes after falling asleep,you enter REM.It begins when neurons in your brain stem signal the beginning of two important tasks. Activities of these neurons,for one,disable major muscles,preventing the sleeper from acting out what is happening in the dream.Also,these brain cells send messages directly to the visual cortex,which initiates the dreaming process. Why does REM follow that timetable?It matches when the visual cortex needs to start defending its territory,Eagleman argues.Scans of dreaming people show most of the brain activity associated with REM is within the visual cortex.Dreams are the brain's way of fighting takeover from other senses.As long as the neurons in the visual cortex are actively performing their customary job-in this case,generating visual imagery-they will not be dominated by nearby neurons that process other sensory information. However,Antonio Zadra,a dream researcher at the University of Montreal,claims Eagleman's theory "has little to do with actual dreaming and explains almost nothing about dreams,as opposed to REM sleep,and is overly reductionistic and simplistic." 32.Why does Eagleman mention“neighboring nations'”in paragraph2?、 A.To show nations'desire for territory. B.To explain how nations-defend territory. C.To compare nations and the human brain. D.To illustrate neurons'competition for territory. 33.What can we learn about REM? A.It activates sleepers'major muscles. B.It stops other senses from working. C.It corresponds to the visual cortex's need. D.It depends on different sensory functions. 34.What is Antonio Zadra's attitude toward Eagleman's theory? A.Neutral. B.Critical. C.Supportive. D.Indifferent. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Why Neurons Compete for Survival B.How REM Sleep Changes the Brain C.A New Role:Neuroplasticity in Dreams D.A New Theory:Dreams as Brain Protection 英语试题(T10)第7页（共12页） 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 The Healing Power of Nature The pathless woods,peaceful sights,and melodious songs of birds are natural treasures that one can long for at any cost.6,and it recharges one's energy and improves the personality.We feel blessed when we get a chance to breathe in clean air and smell the fragrance of flowers.Some researchers have dug deep to bring forward the benefits of forest bathing. ·Harmony for the Mind The time spent among trees gives rest to the exhausted mind,and makes us feel fresh for new goals.Nature helps us deal with the over-activity of the mind and relaxes us with its soothing environment.3 Research on ADHD children shows that the attention span of children improves after spending time in nature.Another study showed that when participants were exposed to nature scenes,their brain parts linked with empathy and love lit up. ·Strength for the Soul .Our five senses are fully activated,and our soul develops a strong bond with the natural world.The lovely smell of trees and flowers brings us a beautiful and peaceful feeling. We gain spiritual power by responding to the rhythm of nature.We acquire the pleasure of mindfulness,and we start enjoying the little moments in our lives. ·Calmness for the Body When you are exposed to nature,you heal emotionally and feel pleasant.39.It reduces blood pressure,stabilizes heart rate,and decreases the production of stress hormones. One study suggested that the nature view helps patients tolerate pain more,overcome adverse effects,and have less stay at the hospital. Nature has a magical impact on our health.We must invest our time to extract eternal peace of mind,body,and soul in this urban century.40. A.Studies have confirmed this calming effect R.Nature is the purest pathway to inner peace C.Moreover,nature benefits physical well-being D This will guarantee a happier and healthier life R.Being in nature deeply connects us with our soul FTaking deep breaths calms chaotic thoughts and releases stress G.It strengthens the immune system and helps prevent many diseases 英语试题(T10)第8页（共12页） 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可°以填人空白处的最佳选项。 A Day to Remember My mother's simple wish last Mother's Day was togetherness.We packed a basket with treats from her favorite bakery and drove to the 41. Sand flew as my younger siblings started digging.A 42 soon erupted over a single green plastic shovel,each claiming it vital for their castle.Before 43,my parents watched with knowing smiles.They 44 creativity,sparking a search for 45 tools.We found that picnic cups could be used to dig,and an empty potato-salad container made an excellent shovel. We became builders of sand,tirelessly constructing towers and digging moats(). The afternoon sun cast long shadows across our wide 46 which we decorated with shells and stones.Stepping back,we 47 our masterpiece-a sign of shared effort. Mom sighed happily,wishing to 48 this perfect day forever.Dad raised his 49 While posing,I accidentally said“Time capsule!”instead of“Cheese!”,causing warm laughs and retakes. That slip of the tongue sparked an idea.Could we 50 save this day?I 51 collecting mementos to bury as a future gift.We gathered tiny shells,the cup that had served as a shovel,and even the bakery box label.At home,we placed these into a strong steel bottle. Under an old apple tree,we dug a small hole.As Dad prepared to 52 the bottle with earth,my little sister Indi ran over,hands 53 With a playful smile,she threw a handful of shining ice cubes into the hole-a literal try to "54 the moment.Her innocent 55 melted into our laughter,wrapping the day in a final layer of joy. 41.A.church B.beach C.farm D.desert 42.A.game B.chat C.quarrel D.silence 43.A.looking away B.walking out C.moving on D.stepping in 44.A.urged B.demanded C.discouraged D.ignored 45.A.expensive B.traditional C.dangerous D.unconventional 奶.A.figure B.creation C.vision D.impression .:7.A.criticized B.built C.admired D.abandoned 48.A.preserve B.repeat C.describe D.experience 49.A.hand B.position C.voice D.camera 50.A.physically B.completely C.smoothly D.slowly 51.A.avoided B.enjoyed C.suggested D.finished 62.A.cover B.fill C.decorate D.clean 53.A.opened B.closed C.raised D.cupped 4.A remember B.freeze C.melt D.capture 55.A.logic B.tip C.words D,action 英语试题(T10)第9页（共12页） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Saturday,as China marked World Sleep Day,doctors urged the public to prioritize sleep health.Actually,poor sleep 56 (affect)hundreds of millions of people nationwide in the last decades.According to a report by the China Sleep Research Society in March,over 300 million people in China suffer from sleep disorders,nearly half of them 57(require) medical intervention. Experts attribute the widespread issue 58 long working hours,work-related stress, and modern lifestyle habits.Cultural commentator Xi Rui noted that anxiety over career prospects,along with heavy 59 (rely)on coffee,milk tea,and smartphones reduces sleep time significantly currently. Sun Fenghui,director of the Neurology Department at Beijing Youan Hospital, emphasized that sleep plays a(n)60 (replaceable)role in human health,as quality sleep helps restore the body,control hormones,strengthen immunity,61 clear brain waste. For individuals with chronic illnesses,the consequences are even more severe.Zhang Tong, director of the hospital's Infection Department,warned that sleep disorders may increase 62 risk of heart disease and damage cognitive function,possibly causing irritability(), slowed thinking,and even severe memory loss. Zhang added that sleep issues are especially common among people with HIV,as some HIV drugs have side effects of the central nervous system 63 can disrupt sleep.Poor sleep,in turn,may make it harder for patients to adhere to()their treatment,64 (potential)leading to failure.To improve sleep quality,doctors recommend maintaining a regular sleep routine and limiting screen time before bed.Those with chronic conditions 65 (advise)to consult healthcare providers if sleep problems persist. 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分) 假定你是李华，下个月要参加学校的英文歌唱大赛。请给外教Jck写封邮件，请他进行指 导。邮件内容包括： (1)说明需要指导的内容； (2)约定指导时间和地点。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 英语试题(T10)第10页（共12页） Dear Jack, Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Monday started out great.I woke up on time,ate breakfast and did some last-minute studying for my first-hour math test.I was confident of getting good grades.Then I left my house.Ten minutes later,I was settled with my friends on the school bus.We were busy ch.atting about how we spent our weekend.At one stop,Fat Ryan got on hurriedly.He tripped over someone's foot accidentally and-THUMP-he fell flat onto the floor. Every one of us on the bus looked on and laughed crazily.Ryan struggled to his feet, dusted the jacket and made his way to an empty seat.He tried to laugh with us,but his face was burning with embarrassment.The rest of the morning flew by.I did well in my math test. I read two more chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird in English class.It wasn't long before there went the lunch bell.I met my friends from the cheerleading team in the dining hall.Then I couldn't help but notice Ryan a few tables away,sitting all alone.He caught me looking.I gave him a quick smile and looked away. When we finished eating,we headed out to the courtyard to practice a cheer we would do at that night's football game.After a little practice,we nailed the cheer,so we decided to go through it one last time.Again,just like the rest of my day so far,the cheer was going great. I raised my leg for one last toe touch.RIIPPP!I felt my jeans split straight down the back seam(缝). I froze.I had no idea what to do but stand still.Then I heard people burst out laughing, and I saw them pointing at my torn jeans.Trying to cover myself with my hands,I tried to laugh too,but I felt tears began to well up in my eyes. 英语试题(T10)第11页（共12页） 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then,I heard a familiar voice calling my name. The next day,I decided to return Ryan's jacket. 英语试题(T10)第12页（共12页） 高三模拟卷（三） 英语参考答案 题序 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案 B A C B B A B C B C C C B 0 B 题序 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B A B A B B D D B D Q 0 C A 题序 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 答案 D D C B D B A C D B C 0 A D 题序 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 答案 B C A D A C A D B 0 21.B。细节理解题。由“Date:July5一July20(closed on Mondays)”可知，7月5日至7月20日，含首尾共16天，补充 的“周一闭馆”不影响展览时长计算。A项未算首日；C项和D项天数明显不符。 22.B。细节理解题。由“Visitors are allowed to take photos without flash light,.and a photo wall is set up for students to share their photos.”可知，文章提到了无闪光灯拍照和“照片墙分享”。A项错误：艺术工坊在现代艺术展；C项 错误：需学生证才能免费入场；D项错误：与野生动物摄影师交流在文中未提。 23.D。细节理解题。由“All exhibitions are closed on Mondays,and the museum will be closed on July 15 for routine maintenance.”可知，三个展览周一均闭馆，补充的“7月l5日闭馆维护”不改变核心共同，点。A项错误：仅现代艺术 展有工坊并提供艺术课；B项错误：古钱币展在7月；C项错误：开放和结束时间不同。 24.D。推理判断题。文章第一段介绍张雪出身贫困家庭，年少辍学做学徒，居住条件差，时常挨饿，生活拮据又艰辛， D项“穷困且艰辛”符合段落内容。A项“孤独且漫无目的”错误：文中提到他早早立下造国产高性能摩托车的梦想， 并非没有目标；B项“忙碌且无忧无虑”错误：和他艰辛的早年生活完全不符；C项“孤立又无助”错误：文中仅交代家 境贫寒，并未体现他孤立无援。 25.B。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，张雪冒雨追赶电视台车队，只为争取机会展示自己的骑行技术，B项“向他 们展现自己的骑行天赋”与原文一致。A项“炫耀破旧摩托车”并非他追赶的目的；C项“想要学习高阶骑行技巧”错 误：文中无此相关表述；D项“请求拍摄他的比赛经历”错误：原文是展示骑行技艺而非比赛经历。 26.D。细节理解题。文章第三段明确说明合伙人不愿为他自主研发发动机投资，张雪因此选择离开公司，D项“发动 机研发得不到资金支持”是他离开的原因。A项“没有利润分红”不是他离职的缘由；B项“廉价摩托车更受青睐”错 误：文中没有相关内容；C项“想创办新公司”并非离开的原因。 27.C。推理判断题。张雪出身贫寒、无学历无人脉无资金，凭借内心的梦想和顽强坚持克服重重困难最终取得成功， C项“心志坚定可以战胜一切”符合人物经历。A项“天赋决定成就”错误：文章重在突出努力和坚持，而非天赋；B 项“自学成就成功”错误：自学只是他成长的一部分，无法概括全文主旨；D项“团队合作铸就成功”错误：文中提到他 多次独自创业打拼，并未侧重团队合作。 28.D。细节理解题。文章首段表明中国载人探月工程各项研究和建设工作均按计划稳步推进，D项“研究与建设工作 按计划进行”和原文表意相符。A项错误：关键部件处于早期研发阶段，并非最终测试阶段；B项错误：地面系统总 体设计已确定，并非还在研讨阶段；C项错误：新发射设施还在建设中，并未正式投入运行。 29.C。词义猜测题。结合航天语境，文中着陆器和航天器到达预定轨道后需要rendezvous(交会、会合)，C项“Meet (会合)”符合词义与场景。A项“分离”、B项“调整”、D项“着陆”，均不符合该单词在航天轨道对接中的含义。 30.A。推理判断题。文章末段指出我国已选拔第四批航天员，目前正在开展登月及月面作业专项训练，可推断出载人 登月的各项筹备工作正在有序进行。B项错误：全文并未提及2030登月目标会提前完成；C项错误：文中无中国要 在探月领域超越美国的相关表述；D项错误：阿波罗任务只是背景提及，并没有为中国探月工程设定新目标。 31.D。主旨大意题。全文围绕中国载人登月工程展开，依次介绍项目研发、设施建设、登月流程、航天员储备等内容， 核心是展示中国载人登月的发展进展。A项错误：太空整体布局范围过大；B项错误：普及航天知识并非本文写作 主旨；C项错误：航天人才培养只是局部细节。 英语参考答聚(T10)一1 第11页，共28页 32.D。推理判断题。高考推理题中，“举例类”题目核心是“透过例子找观点”，而非纠结例子本身。根据原文第二段核 心内容“He argues that neurons compete for survival..The brain distributes its resources by‘conducting a do-or-die competition'for brain territory...'Just think of neighboring nations.They claim their territories and constantly defend them,’says Eaglcman.”可知，伊格曼先提出核心观点一神经元会为了生存争夺大脑领地，随后用“相邻 国家争夺并持续保卫自己的领土”作类比，目的是形象、易懂地阐释前文提到的“神经元争夺大脑领地”这一核心论 点，故选D。A.偏离主旨：提及“邻国”的目的不是说明“国家对领土的渴望”，这只是例子本身的内容，并非举例的 写作意图，高考这类题目均不选“例子本身”，故排除；B.以偏概全：“解释国家如何保卫领土”同样是例子本身的细 节，不是伊格曼举例的核心目的，故排除：C.表述宽泛且片面：作者并非单纯“对比国家和人类大脑”，而是借国家领 地之争的行为，类比神经元争夺大脑领地的行为，选项未体现“类比的核心一领地竞争”，表意不准确，故排除。 33.C。细节推理题。根据原文第四段第一、二句“Why does REM follow that timetable?It matches when the visual cortex needs to start defending its territory,Eagleman argues..”可知，“It matches when..”与选项C中“corresponds to”为同义替换，均表示“对应、契合”，核心逻辑是“REM睡眠，刚好契合视觉皮层需要开始保卫自身领地的需求”。 A.反向干扰：第三段明确提到“Activities of these neurons,for one,.disable major muscles'”,即在REM睡眠时这些 神经元的活动会抑制主要肌肉活动，而非“激活”，与原文表述完全相反，故排除；B,过度夸大：原文核心是“REM睡 眠帮助视觉皮层避免被其他感官接管”，并非“让其他感官停止工作”，“stop”一词过于绝对，属于高考常见的“过度 推断”陷阱，故排除；D.无中生有：原文未提及“REM睡眠取决于不同的感官功能”，属于主观臆断，故排除。 34.B。观点态度题。高考观点态度题的核心是“抓住情感词汇”，通过分析评价者的措辞判断态度。根据原文最后一 B"Antonio Zadra...claims Eagleman's theory 'has little to do with actual dreaming and explains almost nothing about dreams,as opposed to REM sleep,and is overly reductionistic and simplistic..'”可知，扎德拉在评价伊格曼的 理论时，使用了“has little to do with(几乎无关)”、“explains almost nothing(几乎无法解释)”、“overly reductionistic and simplistic(过于片面、过于简化)”一系列负面词汇，明确表达了对该理论的否定和批判，故选B。A.Neutral(中 立)：中立态度需无明显褒贬倾向，而扎德拉的评价全为负面，故排除；C.Supportive(支持的)：与原文负面评价完全 相反，属于“反向干扰”，故排除；D.Indifferent(冷漠的)：冷漠指“不关心、不发表任何评价”，而扎德拉明确公开批判 该理论，并非冷漠，故排除。 35.D。最佳标题题。高考最佳标题题的核心是“覆盖全文主旨、不偏不倚，既不扩大范围，也不遗漏核心”。全文行文 脉络为：①引出话题一人们难以理解梦境的目的；②提出核心一伊格曼关于“梦境保护大脑视觉皮层”的新理 论；③闻释理论一借助神经可塑性、REM睡眠机制说明理论合理性；④补充争议一扎德拉对该理论的批判。全 文核心是“介绍伊格曼关于梦境的新理论，核心是梦境对大脑的保护作用”，对应选项D。A.Vhy Neurons Compete for Survival(神经元为何争夺生存权)：以偏概全，“神经元争夺生存权”仅为第二段阐释理论的细节（理论基础），并 非全文主题，故排除；B.How REM Sleep Changes the Brain(REM睡眠如何改变大脑)：以偏概全十无中生有， REM睡眠是阐释理论的论据，并非全文核心，且原文未提及“REM睡眠改变大脑”，故排除；C.A New Role: Neuroplasticity in Dreams(新作用：神经可塑性在梦境中的作用)：以偏概全，“神经可塑性”是Eagleman理论的基 础，并非全文主题，且原文未提及“神经可塑性在梦境中的作用”，故排除。 36B。前文赞美自然美景，后文讲自然补充能量、修养性格。B项总起：自然是通往内心平静的纯粹之路，承上启下，后 文it指代B项中的“Nature”。 37A。前文说自然能让人放松平静，后文用两项科学研究佐证。A项“研究证实了这种镇静效果”，完美引出后文研究 案例。 38E。小标题是灵魂力量，后文讲灵魂和自然建立联结。E项“置身自然能让我们与灵魂深度相连”贴合段落主题，首 尾呼应 39.C。前文讲情绪治愈，后文讲血压、心率等身体健康指标。C项“此外，自然有益身体健康”递进过渡，引出身体层面 的好处。 40.D。文末呼吁多亲近自然、收获身心平静。D项“这会让我们拥有更快乐健康的人生”中的代词“This”指代前文做 法，收尾总结。 【语篇导读】母亲节那天，为了满足母亲“团聚”的愿望，我们一家人去海滩野餐。野餐期间虽有孩子争抢玩具的小插曲， 但父母引导孩子用非常规工具建造沙堡。在拍照时，作者口误说出了“时间胶囊”，反而启发了大家收集纪念品埋藏，以 保存这一天的美好回忆。 英语参考答案(T10)一2 第12页，共28页 4l.B。考查名词辨析及逻辑推理。下段第一句提到“Sand flew as my younger siblings started digging'”及下文“We gathered tiny shells"”这些都明确指向沙滩场景。beach(沙滩)与沙子、挖掘等活动直接相关，而church(教堂)、farm (农场)、desert(沙漠)不符合语境 42.C。考查名词辨析及逻辑推理。下文提到“cach claiming it vital for their castle(各自声称铲子对自己的城堡至关重 要)”，这表明孩子们发生了“争执”。A.game(游戏)：B.chat(聊天)；C.quarrel(争吵)；D.silence(沉默)。根据语 境，应选C。 43.D。考查动词短语辨析。A.looking away(看向别处)；B.walking out(走出，罢工)；C.moving on(继续前进)； D.stepping in(介人，干预)。句意：在父母“介人”之前，他们只是带着微笑看着。step in表示“介人调解”，符合父母 当时从旁观到介人的行为过程。 44.A。考查动词辨析。A.rgcd(鼓励，敦促)；B.demanded(要求)，语气强硬；C.discouraged(使气馁，阻止)； D.ignored(忽视).根据后文父母“sparking a scarch for...tools'”可知，他们是在“鼓励”创造力，而不是阻止或忽视， 故A为最佳。 45.D。考查形容词辨析及上下文对应。A.expensive(昂贵的)；B.traditional(传统的)；C.dangerous(危险的)； D.unconventional(非传统的，非常规的)。后文提到用野餐杯舀水、用空沙拉盒当铲子，这些都是“非传统的”工具， 因此D正确。 46.B。考查名词辨析。A.figure(身材)；B.creation(创造物，作品)；C.vision(视野，愿景)；D.impression(印象)。句 意：午后的阳光在我们广阔的“作品”上投下了长长的影子。这“作品”指代的是我们建造的沙堡，因此选B。 47、C。考查动词辨析及情感色彩。A.criticized(批评)；B.built(建造)；C.admired(欣赏，赞美)；D,abandoned(放弃)。 根据后文“a sign of shared effort(共同努力的标志)”可知，他们完工后是带着“欣赏”的眼光在看的，故C最符合情 感色彩。 48.A。考查动词辨析及主题呼应。A.preserve(保存，保留)；B.repeat(重复)；C.describe(描述)；D.experience(经 历)。母亲感叹希望永远“保存”这完美的一天，这直接引出了下文制作“时间胶囊”的主线，故A正确。 49.D。考查名词辨析及生活常识。A.hand(手)；B.position(地位)；C.voice(声音)；D.camera(相机)。父亲举起“相 机”准备拍照，后文提到说“Cheese”拍照，因此D最符合拍照的语境。 50.A。考查副词辨析。A.physically(物质地，身体力行地)；B.completely(完全地)；C.smoothly(顺利地)；D.slowly (缓慢地)。后文提到埋藏实体纪念品（收集来的小贝壳、杯子等），这是一种通过“物理”手段保存记忆的方式，故A 最准确。 5l.C。考查动词辩析。A.avoided(避免)；B.enjoyed(享受)；C.suggested(建议)；D.finished(完成)。句意：我“建议” 收集纪念品埋藏起来。这是提出一个想法，因此suggested符合逻辑。 52.A。考查动词辨析及动作顺序。A.cover(覆盖)；B.fill(填充，填满)；C.decorate(装饰)；D.clean(清理)。句意：当 爸爸准备用土“覆盖”它时，妹妹跑了过来。在埋东西时，放好物品后下一步是“覆盖”土，covr最准确。 53.D。考查动词及形象思维。A.opened(张开的)；B.closed(闭合的)；C.raised(举起的)；D.cupped(窝成杯状的)。句 意：妹妹跑过来，双手“窝成杯状”。cupped hands固定表达，形象地描绘了捧东西的手势。 54.B。考查动词辨析及双关修辞。A.remember(记得)；B.freeze(冷冻，定格)；C.melt(融化)；D.capture(捕捉)。妹 妹扔冰块的行为是对“保存/冷冻”这一刻的文字游戏(literal try)。因为冰块是冷的，所以她用物理冰冻”的方式来 呼应“定格时光”的抽象概念，因此B最佳。 55.D。考查名词辨析。A.logic(逻辑)；B.tip(建议)；C.words(言语)；D.action(行为，动作)。妹妹扔冰块是一个行 为，而不是言语或逻辑。她的天真“行为”融人了我们的笑声，因此选D。 56.has affected/has been affecting。考查时态。通过“in the last decades'”可知，此处用现在完成时或者现在完成进 行时。 57.requiring。考查非谓语动词的独立主格结构。分析句子结构可知，前面是完整的句子，此处是非谓语动词，“nearly half of them”和require之间构成主动，故填requiring。 58.to。考查固定搭配。attribute sth.to:归功于，归咎于。 59.reliance。考查名词。空前有形容词heay,用名词作with的宾语，故填reliance。 6O.irreplaceable。考查形容词。此处意为：睡眠在人类健康方面起着不可替代的作用。 6l.and。考查并列连词。help后面的“restore”,“control'”,“strengthen”和“clear'”并列，故填and。 62.the。·考查冠词。特指心脏病的风险，故填the。 英语参考答案(T10)一3 第13页，共28页 63.that/which。考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词“side effects'”,在从句中充当主语，故填that或which。. 64.potentially。考查副词。副词修饰动词leading,故填potentially。 65.are.advised。考查时态和被动语态。根据上下文可知，此处填一般现在时的被动语态。 第四部分 第一节 【参考范文】 Dear Jack, Hope this email finds you well.I'm going to take part in the school's English Singing Compctition next month, and I'm writing to ask for your help. Could you pleasc advise me on choosing a suitablc English song and provide somc guidance on my singing skills? I've long been impressed by your passion for and expertise in music.And your professional opinions would mean a great deal to me.Would it be convenicnt for you to mcet in the music room at 4:30 p.m.this Friday?If not,could you suggest another time? Your time and support would be greatly appreciated.I am looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 【参考范文】 Just then,I heard a familiar voice calling my name.I turned and saw Ryan walking toward me,holding his school jacket."Here,take this,"he said quietly."It'll cover your jeans."My face burned with shame,but I murmured a thank-you and put it on.He smiled gently and turned to leave before I could say more.Wearing his jacket,I hurried back inside,feeling both grateful and deeply ashamed.I had laughed at him on the bus this morning,yet he was the only one who came to help me when I nceded it most. The next day,I decided to return Ryan's jacket.I found him on the bus and sat down beside him,my face still burning with shame.I handed him the clean jacket along with a chocolate bar."Thank you for helping me yesterday. I-continued,"And I'm really sorry for laughing at your fall."He took the jacket and smiled,"Just forget it."Later, something between us just clicked..We often sat together on the bus and ate lunch as friends.That Monday taught me a valuable lesson:a simple act of kindness can build a lifelong friendship 听力材料 Text1 W:Hey,Chris,are you alright? M:Yeah,I'm just a bit sleepy.The World Cup final last night,you know. W:Sure.Want some coffee? M:I wouldn't say no. Text 2 W:Let's meet after school tomorrow.So,is 6:00 p.m.OK with you? M:I finish school at 5:00 p.m.and I'm free after that. W:Fine.We can go to see the film that starts at 7:00 p.m. Text 3 M:Wow!These dogs are so adorable.Can we take one?My friend Joy has a cat. W:No,Bill.I'm afraid we can't.We live in a small apartment. Text 4 W:Well,is Tom doing well in school these days? 英语参考答案(T10)一4 第14页，共28页 M:Oh,well.Like boys at his age,you know,I can't get him to do his homework without a struggle. Text 5 M:These books belong to school but now they are ruined by you. W:I'm sorry,Mr.Mason.I suppose the man at the shop didn't pack my food properly before I put them in my schoolbag. M:You should have checked them then.Now,just send for the cleaner. Text 6 W:It's 10:30.My plane will take off in an hour.Can you speed up a little? M:Sorry.You know this is the rush hour.Safety comes first. W:If I'm late for my flight,I'll miss the chance to meet my idol,Yuval Noah Harari. M:You mean the professor who wrote A Brief History of Mankind? W:Yes,that's him! M:Don't worry.I'll take a different route to avoid the traffic jam.We'll make it on time. W:Thank you very much. Text 7 W:Do you remember the time we got lost in the woods during that school trip when we were 10? M:How could I forget?We were so scared,but it turned out to be an adventure.We met so many animal friends that were usually found in the textbooks. W:Yes,and we ended up finding that hidden waterfall. M:That was the best part of the trip.I still have the photos we took that day.We were so thrilled. W:We should plan another trip like that sometime. M:Definitely.It would be great to relive those memories. W:Maybe we can even bring our son along. M:That's a wonderful idea.He would love it W:Let's start planning soon. Text 8 W:Hey,Daniel.I'm moving into a new neighborhood next week.Do you know how to develop good relationships with neighbors? M:Well,Betty.Having positive and wonderful relationships with your neighbors doesn't just happen automatically. There are some things you can do to promote this.Firstly,keep your yard tidy.You can grow some flowers.If you have pets,clean up after them.Next,if you're going to have activities with your friends and family in the evening,make sure that you can end them early.No neighbor can tolerate hearing your loud music at two o'clock in the morning. W:You're right.Should I bring some gifts like wine or flowers to visit them? M:It's unnecessary to buy expensive ones.You can take some yummy homemade cookies.Things like those really help improve your relationships with your neighbors and help you better integrate into the new neighborhood. W:Sounds great!I will prepare some in advance.Thanks a lot. Text 9 W:Mr.Johnson,I have a favor to ask.I'm looking for programs that can build my job experience.Can you help me? M:Of course,what kind of program are you looking for? W:I'm interested in things related to nature protection,maybe with a non-profit or a government agency. M:That's a great area.Have you checked the career center on campus?They list programs with organizations you might like. W:I haven't looked there yet.I'll check it out.What about online?Any websites you'd recommend? 英语参考答案(T10)一5 第15页，共28页 M:Absolutely,websites like Indeed or LinkedIn have plenty of things.You can also check specific websites of environmental organizations for opcnings W:What should I focus on when applying? M:Highlight relevant coursework or volunteer work.And don't be afraid to reach out to people in the field. W:Thanks,Mr.Johnson.This is really helpful. M:You're welcome.Good luck with your search. Text 10 M:Good morning!Here's some information about health insurance.Health care and health insurance are important during your stay at Harvard.It is crucial that you learn about the differences between the medical care system in your own country and that in the United States.Paying for medical care is your responsibility.The best way to take up this responsibility is to get health insurance coverage to protect you against high cost.Acccss to health insurance depends on your connection with the University.Requirements for health insurance also vary.American law requires that any full-time and part-time student registered in an institution of high learning in America must participate in a student health insurance program or in a health plan of comparable coverage.Therefore,all Harvard University students are automatically registered in the Harvard University Health Plan unless they can show that they have similar health insurance coverage on their own.International scholars are offered the health insurance by the university.Visiting professors are not required to purchase the Harvard health insurance. 英语参考答案(T10)一6 上接第28页生物答案 向诱导调亡。PCR拼接融合基因时，需要设计互补的重叠引物，使两个基因片段通过重叠延伸连接。引物C (5'-GCGCATGCCATCACC一3')与引物b(5一GGTGATGGCATGCGC-一3')序列反向互补，可作为重叠引 物，实现CLyA基因片段与Noxa基因片段的拼接，故选b、c。 (2)将构建好的表达载体导入大肠杆茵需先用Ca2+处理大肠杆菌细胞，使细胞处于一种能吸收周围环境中DNA分子 的生理状态，然后再将重组的基因表达载体导入其中，以提高转化效率。可通过PCR等技术检测CyA-NoxQ融合基 因是否转录出了mRNA;从大肠杆菌中提取蛋白质，用相应的抗体进行抗原一抗体杂交，检测ClyA-Noza融合基因 是否翻译成Noxa蛋白等。 (3)据题千信息和图2信息可知，37℃时c857蛋白形成二聚体，结合R-L的启动子，抑制融合基因表达；42℃时 cI857蛋白变性，抑制解除，融合基因高效表达，Noxa蛋白大量分泌，诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。故42℃时工程菌使肿瘤细胞 死亡的机制是42℃时cI857蛋白变性失活，解除对R-L的启动子的抑制，促进CyA-Noxa融合基因表达，Noxa 蛋白被分沁到细胞外，诱导肿瘤细胞调亡。 (4)①工程菌破坏肿瘤组织血管，导致肿细胞营养、氧气供应不足，①正确；②近红外光照射使肿瘤部位温度升高，高 温导致细胞热损伤和坏死，②正确；③Noxa蛋白由工程菌表达，并非肿瘤细胞自身表达，③错误；④工程菌分泌的Nox 蛋白可诱导肿瘤细胞调亡，④正确。 生物学参考答案(T10)一4 第16页，共28页