精品解析：上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期期末毕业考英语试题

复旦附中高三下英语期末毕业考 英语 (考试时间 105 分钟，满分 115 分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why is Art so Powerful? Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally. Art is powerful ____1____ it can potentially influence our culture, politics, and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art, you feel ____2____ touching deep within your core, giving us the power to make real-life changes. It has the power to educate people about almost anything. It creates awareness and presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily. In a world ____3____ there are those who don’t even have access to good education, art makes education an even ____4____ (great) equalizer of society. It breaks cultural, social, and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice ____5____ its own, it can be used as a leveled playing field for discourse and expression. The reason why everyone can relate to art is ____6____ everyone has emotions and personal experiences. Therefore, anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social background, economic standing or political affiliation. It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. Rather, it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you ____7____ (make) your own. This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. In fact, studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields of knowledge. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be. Many times in history have we heard of people ____8____ (criticize), threatened, censored, and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions, may it be an aggressive government or a dissident (持不同政见的) group, ____9____ (take) these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a ____10____ (give) area. In the hands of good people, however, art can be used to give back hope or instill courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. marketed B. occur C. increased D. involve E. intended F. controlled G. potentially H. connecting I. serve J. backed K. access Young children may face serious health risks from popular energy drinks, such as Monster, Red Bull and Rock Star, ____11____ causing heart problems and other life-threatening conditions, according to the findings of new researches. Researchers have warned about the risk of allowing young children ____12____ to the energy drinks, which contain high amounts of caffeine and other stimulants. Researches indicate that the energy drinks are not ____13____ for young children and are not safe for them to consume. Steven Lipshultz, M.D., lead author of the study, is calling for a warning on all energy drink cans and bottles, warning parents of the risk of allowing children to drink them. Researchers say it is difficult to know exactly how much caffeine is contained in each can or bottle of energy drinks, since they are often ____14____ as dietary supplements, which allow the manufacturers to avoid FDA regulations. Energy drink manufacturers have compared the amount of caffeine in their products to that in hot drinks sold in ____15____ environments like coffee houses, but their products are often packaged in very large sizes and they are not sold in environments like coffee houses, which typically would not ____16____ young children. Energy drinks are widely available in convenience stores next to traditional soft drinks, typically packaged in very similar cans and using similar marketing techniques. Some energy drinks in many of the popular lines can contain up to 400 mg of caffeine per can. In comparison, a cup of coffee typically has around 100 mg of caffeine. Caffeine poisoning can ___17___ in adults at levels higher than 400 mg a day; however, children under 12 can experience caffeine poisoning at only 2.5 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight. A study published in September ___18___ up the new findings, revealing energy drinks may cause serious heart problems. French researchers revealed the popular energy drinks may be linked to ___19___ risk of irregular heartbeats and even sudden death. The FDA is currently investigating health concerns surrounding the drinks after numerous negative event reports have been made in recent years ____20____ energy drinks to severe injuries and deaths. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Psychology of Discounting When retailers want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, however, they are ____21____ a trick. A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, ____22____ consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions (分数). Consumers often struggle to realize, ____23____, that a 50% increase in ____24____ is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly ____25____ the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand cream when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an ____26____ discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile were controlled for). This mathematical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly ____27____ the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two ____28____ on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent. Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical ____29____. One is to confuse them with____30____discounting. People are more likely to see a(n) ____31____ in a product that has been reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off 40% reduction. Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just ____32____, says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more ____33____ to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage ____34____ in fuel consumption. There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably displayed ____35____ prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help. 21. A. missing B. learning C. playing D. trying 22. A. communicated with B. looked at C. relied on D. engaged in 23. A. by contrast B. after all C. for example D. as usual 24. A. quantity B. catalogue C. quality D. variety 25. A. indicate B. assume C. oppose D. confess 26. A. attractive B. adequate C. essential D. equivalent 27. A. blows B. favours C. enforces D. initiates 28. A. deals B. discounts C. situations D. decisions 29. A. inaccessibility B. failure C. illiteracy D. dependence 30. A. substantial B. double C. special D. accurate 31. A. innovation B. price C. bargain D. quality 32. A. commercializing B. pricing C. advertising D. retailing 33. A. fundamental B. aggressive C. logical D. convincing 34. A. fall B. usage C. volume D. increase 35. A. retail B. unit C. purchase D. bargain Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Apology For sixteen years, Nora had avoided Maple Street. Not because of traffic or bad memories in the usual sense — but because of one specific house, painted pale blue, with a porch (门廊) swing that never moved. That was where Mrs. Kowalski had lived. Nora was twelve when she and her friends threw eggs at Mrs. Kowalski’s front door. It was Halloween, a stupid dare, the kind of thing children do because they don’t yet understand that other people are real. The eggs left yellow streaks on the blue paint. Mrs. Kowalski came outside, saw the mess, then looked up and down the street. Nora and her friends were already running. But Nora had dropped her glove. A red mitten, small, with a white snowflake on the back. She realized it was missing ten minutes later. By then, it was too late to go back. The next morning, the mitten was nailed to Mrs. Kowalski’s front gate. Not placed on a table or tied to the handle — nailed, through the cuff, like a warning. Nora walked past it every day on her way to school. She never recovered it. After a few weeks, the mitten turned gray from rain. After a month, someone tore it down. Nora never forgot it. Now she was twenty-eight. She had moved back to her hometown after her father’s funeral, staying just long enough to clear out the family house. Maple Street was on her way to the storage unit. She had driven past the blue house three times already, each time telling herself she didn’t have time to stop. On the fourth time, she parked. The house looked smaller than she remembered. The porch swing was gone. The blue paint was peeling. A For Sale sign stood on the front lawn. But the gate was still there, and in the gate, a small hole — the one the nail had made. Nora rang the bell. A young woman opened the door, a baby on her hip. “I’m sorry,” Nora said. “I know this is strange. I used to live nearby. Is Mrs. Kowalski still here?” The young woman’s expression changed. “She passed away last spring. I’m her granddaughter.” “I’m sorry to hear that,” Nora said. And then, because she had been carrying the words for sixteen years, she said: “I threw an egg at her door when I was a kid. I dropped my mitten. She nailed it to the gate. I never apologized.” The young woman stared at her for a long moment. Then she shifted the baby to her other hip and laughed. Not a kind laugh. A strange one. “My grandmother didn’t nail your mitten to the gate,” she said. “She put it on the porch railing, hoping you’d come back for it. Someone else nailed it there. She never knew who.” Nora felt the ground slope beneath her feet. “She talked about that mitten for years,” the young woman continued. “Not because she was angry. Because she felt terrible that a child lost her glove and was too scared to come get it.” The baby reached out and touched Nora’s sleeve. Nora looked down at the small hand, then back at the hole in the gate. She had spent sixteen years apologizing to the wrong person. Or rather — to someone who had never needed an apology at all. 36. What does the red mitten symbolize in the story? A. Nora’s carelessness as a child. B. Mrs. Kowalski’s cruelty toward children. C. Nora’s lasting guilt over a childhood mistake. D. The friendship between Nora and her friends. 37. Why did the young woman laugh when Nora apologized? A. She found it funny that Nora still remembered the incident. B. She was angry and laughed to hide her true feelings. C. She realized that Nora had misunderstood what happened. D. She thought Nora was lying about throwing the egg. 38. What is the most important thing Nora learns from the granddaughter? A. Mrs. Kowalski had always hated children from the neighborhood. B. The mitten incident was not what Nora had believed it to be. C. The For Sale sign means the house will be torn down soon. D. The granddaughter also threw eggs when she was a child. 39. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that Nora ______. A. should have apologized to her father instead B. had imagined the entire egg-throwing incident C. owed an apology to herself for holding onto guilt D. was wrong to assume Mrs. Kowalski was angry (B) The Shimmering State by Meredith Westgate. Atria Books, 2021 ($27) Memoroxin, a personalized pill that replaces memories in people with Alzheimer’s, is being abused as a recreational drug. Disconnected from reality, Lucien and Sophie meet at a “Mem” health recovery center in Los Angeles, where personal psychological traumas, along with foreign memories, can be removed. They feel drawn to each other; have they met before? Like the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , The Shimmering State explores whether the joys and pains of love can ever be fully erased. Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness. —Jen Schwartz Dark and Magical Places: The Neuroscience of Navigation by Christopher Kemp. W.W. Norton, 2022 ($26.95) Navigation is one of the most complex cognitive tasks humans engage in daily. In this fascinating dive into the brain, neurobiology researcher Christopher Kemp explores how we orient where we’re going, why we lose our way, and what scientists know about how we do both these things. Kemp’s explanations of concepts such as grid cells are clear and engaging, but the book shines brightest in his entertaining descriptions of his own chronic lostness, as well as in surprisingly moving stories about people who have wandered dangerously off route. Some make it home, but others don’t. —Tess Joosse Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals by Martin Stevens. Oxford University Press, 2021 ($25.95) Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans. The book has a narrative and inquisitive style that will show examples of the amazing capabilities they allow, from nocturnal dung beetles that orientate by using the Milky Way to sea turtles that navigate currents by reading the earth’s magnetic fields. Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world. —Jen St.Jude Once There Were Wolves by Charlotte McConaghy. Flatiron Books, 2021 ($27.99) Australian writer Charlotte McConaghy (author of Migrations ) delivers a thrilling and touching novel about a woman named Inti Flynn and her team of biologists who reintroduce gray wolves into Scotland’s remote Highlands. At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves. Her story unfolds as a social and scientific meditation on the consequences of influencing ecosystems, while reminding us that humans and animals alike can break our hearts. —Amy Brady 40. What can we infer from the introduction of The Shimmering State? A. Memoroxin, which cures Alzheimer’s, is a recreational drug. B. Lucien and Sophie feel drawn to each other for foreign memories. C. The book suggests the joys and pains of love should be completely removed. D. Editing consciousness by a technology may bring about some moral problems. 41. It can be learned from the whole passage that__________. A. among the four books, only Dark and Magical Places touches upon the topic of navigation B. the heroine in Once There Were Wolves doesn’t believe the farmer is hurt by wolves C. the highlights of Dark and Magical Places are Kemp’s explanations of some concepts D. McConaghy’s novel merely focuses on the social and scientific impact on the ecosystems 42. If Bob is interested in science and wants to gain more insight into animals’ perception of the world, which of the books should be recommended? A. The Shimmering State B. Dark and Magical Places C. Secret Worlds D. Once There Were Wolves (C) As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D. A. power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D. A. the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 43. Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A. It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B. It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C. It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D. It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 44. It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A. tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B. the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C. racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D. light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A. The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B. The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C. The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D. The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B. Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C. Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D. What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. ____47____ Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. ____48____ “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source. ____49____ “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. ____50____ “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.” A. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. B. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. C. There used to be few ways like this to study how insects fly. D. What really drives us day to day is the abundance of technologies and fascinating open scientific problems. E. Thus, it might some day perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. F. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Working overtime has been common for employees in China’s internet sector for many years, but debate about the practice heated up recently after a blacklist of technology companies that push their staff to follow a “996” schedule went viral online. The blacklist is said to have been compiled by current and former employees of technology companies. As of Monday, 84 Chinese companies were on the blacklist, which claims employees are forced to follow a “996” schedule, under which work begins at 9 am and finishes at 9 pm, six days a week. “ If it’s ‘work more, pay more’ model, I’d be a lot more willing to follow the ‘996’ schedule. But the truth is, not every company is run that way. That’s why many people complain,” a software developer working in a gaming company based in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, told the Global Times on Wednesday. The online complaints and discussions also come amid young people’s changing attitudes toward life and work, and rising rights protection awareness. With improved living standards, more young people have adopted a “work hard, play hard” lifestyle, compared with the older generations’ “work to live” mind-set. While working hard, they are calling for more holidays, and believe holidays are their rights. “Bus we don’t know who we should resort to when it comes to all these holidays and payment issues, so we resort to the internet,” the developer said. “Sometimes when projects come along. I work seven days a week, I sometimes even sleep at the office,” the developer said. “I’m a game lover and I like my job, but I think I’m underpaid and my work is not appreciated.” Industry analysts noted that the hours required by the “996” model exceed the limits established in China’s Labor Contract Law. The culture of overtime is connected to the characteristics embedded in Chinese people - who are hard -working, diligent, and desirous of success. They are even willing to sacrifice some of their personal lives to achieve career success. This might be quite different and hard to be understood in European countries. Beyond China, most people in other East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea also suffer from working overtime due to similar cultural elements. Working overtime has become a global phenomenon, and labor unions around the world should play an active role in seeking more ways to better protect workers’ rights amid an industrial upgrading. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他一到家就发现门口堆满了快递，这让他哭笑不得。(no sooner) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 53. 直到失去健康，他才意识到那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得。(until) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 54. 法国决定将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国，这一做法在国际上被广泛视为文化正义的体现。(decision) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 55. 这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。(favour) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，学校将于本周末安排学生自主策划的上海乡村旅游活动，去感受乡村振兴和农村发展带来的变化，你需要给外教Mr. Smith写一封信，邀请他参加，内容需要包括： 1.邀请外教参加活动; 2.活动安排的具体内容和理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦附中高三下英语期末毕业考 英语 (考试时间 105 分钟，满分 115 分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why is Art so Powerful? Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally. Art is powerful ____1____ it can potentially influence our culture, politics, and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art, you feel ____2____ touching deep within your core, giving us the power to make real-life changes. It has the power to educate people about almost anything. It creates awareness and presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily. In a world ____3____ there are those who don’t even have access to good education, art makes education an even ____4____ (great) equalizer of society. It breaks cultural, social, and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice ____5____ its own, it can be used as a leveled playing field for discourse and expression. The reason why everyone can relate to art is ____6____ everyone has emotions and personal experiences. Therefore, anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social background, economic standing or political affiliation. It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. Rather, it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you ____7____ (make) your own. This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. In fact, studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields of knowledge. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be. Many times in history have we heard of people ____8____ (criticize), threatened, censored, and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions, may it be an aggressive government or a dissident (持不同政见的) group, ____9____ (take) these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a ____10____ (give) area. In the hands of good people, however, art can be used to give back hope or instill courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships. 【答案】1. because 2. it 3. where 4. greater 5. on 6. that 7. to make 8. being criticized 9. take 10. given 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了艺术为何具有强大的力量，从情感触动、教育功能、打破界限、激发高阶思维以及历史上因其影响力而遭受打压等多个角度进行了阐述。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：艺术之所以强大，是因为它有可能影响我们的文化、政治甚至经济。分析句子逻辑，后文是前文“艺术强大”的原因，应用连词because引导原因状语从句。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意：当我们看到一件强大的艺术作品时，你会感觉到它深深地触动你的内心，赋予我们改变现实的力量。代词it指代前文的a powerful work of art（震撼的艺术作品），作 feel 的宾语。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在一个并非所有人都有机会获得良好教育的世界，艺术使教育成为社会更伟大的平衡器。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词world。先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 【4题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据空前的even（甚至）可知，此处应用形容词great的比较级greater，表示“更伟大的”，作定语。 【5题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：虽然艺术本身几乎无法真正解决贫困或促进社会正义，但它可以作为一个公平的竞争平台用于讨论和表达。on one’s own 是固定搭配，意为“独自地，独立地”。此处用on its own表示“艺术自身”。 【6题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：每个人都能与艺术产生共鸣的原因是每个人都有情感和个人经历。The reason why… is that… 是固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，that引导表语从句。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，它让你思考当下的观念，并激励你去创造你自己的观念。inspire sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在历史上，我们多次听说人们因为他们的作品而受到批评、威胁、审查甚至杀害。hear of sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“听说某人/某事做某事”。people与动词criticize之间是被动关系，且criticize的动作与谓语动词heard of同时发生，应用动名词的被动形式being criticized。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：那些对这些（反应）负责的人，无论是激进的政府还是持不同政见的团体，采取这些措施来对付艺术家，是因为他们知道艺术家的作品能在特定地区对政治产生多大的影响。may it be...or...（无论是…… 还是……）是插入语，不影响主句谓语，空处为句子谓语，本句的主语是“Those responsible for these reactions”，为复数，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词area，应用形容词形式作定语。given可作形容词，意为“特定的，指定的”。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. marketed B. occur C. increased D. involve E. intended F. controlled G. potentially H. connecting I. serve J. backed K. access Young children may face serious health risks from popular energy drinks, such as Monster, Red Bull and Rock Star, ____11____ causing heart problems and other life-threatening conditions, according to the findings of new researches. Researchers have warned about the risk of allowing young children ____12____ to the energy drinks, which contain high amounts of caffeine and other stimulants. Researches indicate that the energy drinks are not ____13____ for young children and are not safe for them to consume. Steven Lipshultz, M.D., lead author of the study, is calling for a warning on all energy drink cans and bottles, warning parents of the risk of allowing children to drink them. Researchers say it is difficult to know exactly how much caffeine is contained in each can or bottle of energy drinks, since they are often ____14____ as dietary supplements, which allow the manufacturers to avoid FDA regulations. Energy drink manufacturers have compared the amount of caffeine in their products to that in hot drinks sold in ____15____ environments like coffee houses, but their products are often packaged in very large sizes and they are not sold in environments like coffee houses, which typically would not ____16____ young children. Energy drinks are widely available in convenience stores next to traditional soft drinks, typically packaged in very similar cans and using similar marketing techniques. Some energy drinks in many of the popular lines can contain up to 400 mg of caffeine per can. In comparison, a cup of coffee typically has around 100 mg of caffeine. Caffeine poisoning can ___17___ in adults at levels higher than 400 mg a day; however, children under 12 can experience caffeine poisoning at only 2.5 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight. A study published in September ___18___ up the new findings, revealing energy drinks may cause serious heart problems. French researchers revealed the popular energy drinks may be linked to ___19___ risk of irregular heartbeats and even sudden death. The FDA is currently investigating health concerns surrounding the drinks after numerous negative event reports have been made in recent years ____20____ energy drinks to severe injuries and deaths. 【答案】11. G 12. K 13. E 14. A 15. F 16. I 17. B 18. J 19. C 20. H 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了新的研究结果指出能量饮料可能对幼儿造成严重健康风险，包括心脏问题等，并分析了其原因、相关案例及监管现状。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：根据新研究结果，幼儿可能面临来自怪兽、红牛和摇滚明星等流行能量饮料带来的严重健康风险，这些饮料可能导致心脏问题及其他危及生命的状况。根据“may face serious health risks”可知，这是一种可能性，用副词potentially修饰现在分词短语“causing heart problems...”，意为“潜在地，可能地”，符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员已经警告，允许幼儿接触含有大量咖啡因和其他兴奋剂的能量饮料存在风险。根据“allowing young children”和“to the energy drinks”可知，此处表示让幼儿能够接触到这些饮料，用名词access作宾语，其意为“使用或见到的机会/权利”。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究表明，能量饮料并非为幼儿设计，对他们来说饮用并不安全。根据“are not safe for them to consume.”可知，这些饮料对幼儿来说并不安全，所以也不是为幼儿设计的；用形容词intended作表语，意为“为……打算/设计的。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员表示，很难知道每罐或每瓶能量饮料中究竟含有多少咖啡因，因为它们通常作为膳食补充剂进行营销，这让制造商可以避开美国食品药品监督管理局的监管。根据“as dietary supplements”可知，这是这些饮料在市场上推销的方式；用动词market(推销)，用过去分词和are构成一般现在时的被动语态。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：能量饮料制造商将其产品中的咖啡因含量与咖啡店等受控环境中销售的热饮进行比较，但他们的产品通常包装非常大，并且不会在咖啡店这样的环境中销售，咖啡店通常不会接待幼儿。根据“environments like coffee houses”可知，咖啡店是相对受监管、可控的环境；用形容词controlled作定语，意为“受控制的”。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：能量饮料制造商将其产品中的咖啡因含量与咖啡店等受控环境中销售的热饮进行比较，但他们的产品通常包装非常大，并且不会在咖啡店这样的环境中销售，咖啡店通常不会接待幼儿。根据“environments like coffee houses”可知，咖啡店环境通常不会接待幼儿；用动词serve作谓语，意为“服务，接待”，在情态动词would后用动词原形。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：成人每天摄入超过400毫克的咖啡因就可能发生咖啡因中毒；然而，12岁以下的儿童每2.2磅体重只摄入2.5毫克咖啡因就会发生咖啡因中毒。根据“however, children under 12 can experience caffeine poisoning at only 2.5 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight.”可知，句中对比咖啡因中毒在成人和幼儿之间发生的情况；用动词occur作谓语，意为“发生，出现”，在情态动词can后用动词原形。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：9月份发表的一项研究支持了这一新发现，揭示能量饮料可能导致严重的心脏问题。根据“the new findings”可知，此处表示该研究支持了这一新发现；动词back构成动词短语back up，意为“证实，支持”，作谓语，用一般过去时态讲述过去的事情。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：法国研究人员揭示，流行的能量饮料可能与心律不齐甚至猝死的风险增加有关。根据“risk of irregular heartbeats and even sudden death”可知，此处表示增加的风险；用动词increase(增加)作定语修饰名词risk，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语risk之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，大量负面事件报告将能量饮料与严重伤害及死亡联系起来，美国食品药品监督管理局目前正在围绕这些饮料的健康问题进行调查。根据“energy drinks to severe injuries and deaths”可知，此处表示报告建立了能量饮料与伤害死亡之间的关联；用动词connect(连接，联系)作定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语negative event reports之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Psychology of Discounting When retailers want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, however, they are ____21____ a trick. A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, ____22____ consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions (分数). Consumers often struggle to realize, ____23____, that a 50% increase in ____24____ is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly ____25____ the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand cream when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an ____26____ discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile were controlled for). This mathematical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly ____27____ the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two ____28____ on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent. Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical ____29____. One is to confuse them with____30____discounting. People are more likely to see a(n) ____31____ in a product that has been reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off 40% reduction. Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just ____32____, says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more ____33____ to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage ____34____ in fuel consumption. There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably displayed ____35____ prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help. 21. A. missing B. learning C. playing D. trying 22. A. communicated with B. looked at C. relied on D. engaged in 23. A. by contrast B. after all C. for example D. as usual 24. A. quantity B. catalogue C. quality D. variety 25. A. indicate B. assume C. oppose D. confess 26. A. attractive B. adequate C. essential D. equivalent 27. A. blows B. favours C. enforces D. initiates 28. A. deals B. discounts C. situations D. decisions 29. A. inaccessibility B. failure C. illiteracy D. dependence 30. A. substantial B. double C. special D. accurate 31. A. innovation B. price C. bargain D. quality 32. A. commercializing B. pricing C. advertising D. retailing 33. A. fundamental B. aggressive C. logical D. convincing 34. A. fall B. usage C. volume D. increase 35. A. retail B. unit C. purchase D. bargain 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于消费者购物心理的研究，研究发现相较于直接打折，消费者更偏爱赠品活动，原因是多数人不擅长计算分数。商家还会利用人们的数学短板采用叠加折扣等方式营销，文章也据此给营销人员和市场监管方提出了相关建议。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，一项即将发表在《营销杂志》上的新研究表明，他们正在错失一个技巧。A. missing错失；B. learning学习；C. playing玩耍；D. trying尝试。根据后文“Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper.”可知，消费者更喜欢免费赠品而非降价促销，商家只使用打折方式，没能用好营销技巧。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：明尼苏达大学卡尔森管理学院的阿克沙伊・拉奥带领一组研究人员研究了消费者对于打折促销的态度。A. communicated with与……交流；B. looked at研究、看待；C. relied on依靠；D. engaged in参与。根据后文“Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper.”可知，团队开展研究并得出了相关结论。 【23题详解】 考查短语。句意：例如，消费者往往难以意识到，商品数量增加 50% 和价格降价 33% 其实是一回事。A. by contrast相比之下；B. after all毕竟；C. for example例如；D. as usual像往常一样。根据前文“The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions. (分数)” 可知，此处针对人们不擅长分数计算这一情况举例说明。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. quantity数量；B. catalogue目录；C. quality质量；D. variety种类。根据前文“much prefer getting something extra free”可知，这里指商品免费加量的促销形式。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：绝大多数人认为前者更划算。A. indicate表明；B. assume认为、假定；C. oppose反对；D. confess承认。根据前文“Consumers often struggle to realize, ____ that a 50% increase in ____ is the same as a 33% discount in price.”可知，消费者无法分清两种优惠力度，主观认定加量的方式更好。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在一项实验中，这款护手霜推出加量装后的销量比同等力度打折时高出 73%。A. attractive吸引人的；B. adequate充足的；C. essential必要的；D. equivalent同等的。根据前文“a 50% increase in ____ is the same as a 33% discount in price” 可知，两种优惠方式的力度是完全相等的。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：即便打折商品的优惠力度明显更占优势，人们的这种数学盲区依然存在。A. blows吹；B. favours有利于、偏爱；C. enforces执行；D. initiates发起。根据后文“The discount is by far the better proposition”可知，在本次实验中，打折的优惠力度明显更大。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：拉奥先生针对他的本科生做了另一项实验，推出两款咖啡豆优惠活动：免费加量 33% 或是降价 33%。A. deals优惠活动；B. discounts折扣；C. situations情况；D. decisions决定。根据后文“33% extra free or 33% off the price”可知，文中介绍了两种不同的促销优惠活动。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究表明，商家还有其他方式利用消费者的数学短板。A. inaccessibility难以接近；B. failure失败；C. illiteracy知识匮乏；D. dependence依赖。根据前文“This mathematical blind spot remains”可知，消费者普遍存在计算盲区，数学知识有所欠缺。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：其中一种方式就是利用双重折扣迷惑消费者。A. substantial大量的；B. double双重的；C. special特殊的；D. accurate准确的。根据后文“reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%”可知，商品先后经历两次降价，属于双重折扣。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：相较于一次性直降 40%，人们更容易认为先降价 20% 再额外降价 25% 的商品更划算。A. innovation创新；B. price价格；C. bargain便宜货、划算交易；D. quality质量。根据后文“reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off 40% reduction.”可知，消费者会觉得经过两次降价的商品更加实惠。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：拉奥先生表示，营销人员能从中吸取的经验不止定价策略这一方面。A. commercializing商业化；B. pricing定价；C. advertising广告；D. retailing零售。根据前文“One is to confuse them with ____ discounting.”可知，前文内容均围绕打折、优惠定价展开论述。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，在宣传新款汽车的能效时，宣传每加仑汽油能多行驶的里程数，会比宣传油耗降低的等效百分比更有说服力。A. fundamental基本的；B. aggressive激进的；C. logical合乎逻辑的；D. convincing有说服力的。根据后文“rather than the equivalent percentage ____ in fuel consumption”可知，对比两种宣传方式，前者更容易被消费者接受。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. fall下降；B. usage使用；C. volume体积；D. increase增长。根据前文“talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does”可知，此处指燃油消耗量出现下降。 【35题详解】 考查词。句意：但在商店和广告中更醒目地标注单价，将会大有帮助。A. retail零售；B. unit单位，单价；C. purchase购买；D. bargain减价商品。根据前文‌“Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed.”可知，消费者容易被价格计算迷惑，标注单价可以有效解决这一问题。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Apology For sixteen years, Nora had avoided Maple Street. Not because of traffic or bad memories in the usual sense — but because of one specific house, painted pale blue, with a porch (门廊) swing that never moved. That was where Mrs. Kowalski had lived. Nora was twelve when she and her friends threw eggs at Mrs. Kowalski’s front door. It was Halloween, a stupid dare, the kind of thing children do because they don’t yet understand that other people are real. The eggs left yellow streaks on the blue paint. Mrs. Kowalski came outside, saw the mess, then looked up and down the street. Nora and her friends were already running. But Nora had dropped her glove. A red mitten, small, with a white snowflake on the back. She realized it was missing ten minutes later. By then, it was too late to go back. The next morning, the mitten was nailed to Mrs. Kowalski’s front gate. Not placed on a table or tied to the handle — nailed, through the cuff, like a warning. Nora walked past it every day on her way to school. She never recovered it. After a few weeks, the mitten turned gray from rain. After a month, someone tore it down. Nora never forgot it. Now she was twenty-eight. She had moved back to her hometown after her father’s funeral, staying just long enough to clear out the family house. Maple Street was on her way to the storage unit. She had driven past the blue house three times already, each time telling herself she didn’t have time to stop. On the fourth time, she parked. The house looked smaller than she remembered. The porch swing was gone. The blue paint was peeling. A For Sale sign stood on the front lawn. But the gate was still there, and in the gate, a small hole — the one the nail had made. Nora rang the bell. A young woman opened the door, a baby on her hip. “I’m sorry,” Nora said. “I know this is strange. I used to live nearby. Is Mrs. Kowalski still here?” The young woman’s expression changed. “She passed away last spring. I’m her granddaughter.” “I’m sorry to hear that,” Nora said. And then, because she had been carrying the words for sixteen years, she said: “I threw an egg at her door when I was a kid. I dropped my mitten. She nailed it to the gate. I never apologized.” The young woman stared at her for a long moment. Then she shifted the baby to her other hip and laughed. Not a kind laugh. A strange one. “My grandmother didn’t nail your mitten to the gate,” she said. “She put it on the porch railing, hoping you’d come back for it. Someone else nailed it there. She never knew who.” Nora felt the ground slope beneath her feet. “She talked about that mitten for years,” the young woman continued. “Not because she was angry. Because she felt terrible that a child lost her glove and was too scared to come get it.” The baby reached out and touched Nora’s sleeve. Nora looked down at the small hand, then back at the hole in the gate. She had spent sixteen years apologizing to the wrong person. Or rather — to someone who had never needed an apology at all. 36. What does the red mitten symbolize in the story? A. Nora’s carelessness as a child. B. Mrs. Kowalski’s cruelty toward children. C. Nora’s lasting guilt over a childhood mistake. D. The friendship between Nora and her friends. 37. Why did the young woman laugh when Nora apologized? A. She found it funny that Nora still remembered the incident. B. She was angry and laughed to hide her true feelings. C. She realized that Nora had misunderstood what happened. D. She thought Nora was lying about throwing the egg. 38. What is the most important thing Nora learns from the granddaughter? A. Mrs. Kowalski had always hated children from the neighborhood. B. The mitten incident was not what Nora had believed it to be. C. The For Sale sign means the house will be torn down soon. D. The granddaughter also threw eggs when she was a child. 39. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that Nora ______. A. should have apologized to her father instead B. had imagined the entire egg-throwing incident C. owed an apology to herself for holding onto guilt D. was wrong to assume Mrs. Kowalski was angry 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了诺拉十六年后向曾扔鸡蛋的人道歉，却得知对方从未责怪她，误解才解开。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据第五段中“Nora never forgot it. (诺拉从未忘记它)”以及全文她多年来回避那条街的心理描写可知，红手套象征着她童年错误的持久愧疚。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。​ 根据倒数第五段中““My grandmother didn’t nail your mitten to the gate,” she said. “She put it on the porch railing, hoping you’d come back for it. Someone else nailed it there. She never knew who.” (“我的祖母并没有把你的手套钉在门上，”她说，“她把它放在门廊栏杆上，盼着你回来取。是别人把它钉在那儿的。她一直都不知道是谁干的。”)”可知，年轻女子笑是因为诺拉误解了当年发生的事情。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据倒数第三段中““She talked about that mitten for years,” the young woman continued. “Not because she was angry. Because she felt terrible that a child lost her glove and was too scared to come get it.” (“她念叨那只手套念叨了好多年，”年轻女子接着说，“不是因为她生气，而是因为她心里特别难受，因为一个孩子丢了手套，却吓得不敢回来拿。”)”可知，诺拉了解到事实与她以为的完全不同。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。​ 根据最后一段中“She had spent sixteen years apologizing to the wrong person. Or rather — to someone who had never needed an apology at all. (她花了十六年向一个错误的人道歉。或者说——向一个根本不需要道歉的人道歉。)”可知，诺拉一直误以为科瓦尔斯基太太很生气，但实际上对方从未责怪她。 (B) The Shimmering State by Meredith Westgate. Atria Books, 2021 ($27) Memoroxin, a personalized pill that replaces memories in people with Alzheimer’s, is being abused as a recreational drug. Disconnected from reality, Lucien and Sophie meet at a “Mem” health recovery center in Los Angeles, where personal psychological traumas, along with foreign memories, can be removed. They feel drawn to each other; have they met before? Like the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , The Shimmering State explores whether the joys and pains of love can ever be fully erased. Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness. —Jen Schwartz Dark and Magical Places: The Neuroscience of Navigation by Christopher Kemp. W.W. Norton, 2022 ($26.95) Navigation is one of the most complex cognitive tasks humans engage in daily. In this fascinating dive into the brain, neurobiology researcher Christopher Kemp explores how we orient where we’re going, why we lose our way, and what scientists know about how we do both these things. Kemp’s explanations of concepts such as grid cells are clear and engaging, but the book shines brightest in his entertaining descriptions of his own chronic lostness, as well as in surprisingly moving stories about people who have wandered dangerously off route. Some make it home, but others don’t. —Tess Joosse Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals by Martin Stevens. Oxford University Press, 2021 ($25.95) Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans. The book has a narrative and inquisitive style that will show examples of the amazing capabilities they allow, from nocturnal dung beetles that orientate by using the Milky Way to sea turtles that navigate currents by reading the earth’s magnetic fields. Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world. —Jen St.Jude Once There Were Wolves by Charlotte McConaghy. Flatiron Books, 2021 ($27.99) Australian writer Charlotte McConaghy (author of Migrations ) delivers a thrilling and touching novel about a woman named Inti Flynn and her team of biologists who reintroduce gray wolves into Scotland’s remote Highlands. At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves. Her story unfolds as a social and scientific meditation on the consequences of influencing ecosystems, while reminding us that humans and animals alike can break our hearts. —Amy Brady 40. What can we infer from the introduction of The Shimmering State? A. Memoroxin, which cures Alzheimer’s, is a recreational drug. B. Lucien and Sophie feel drawn to each other for foreign memories. C. The book suggests the joys and pains of love should be completely removed. D. Editing consciousness by a technology may bring about some moral problems. 41. It can be learned from the whole passage that__________. A. among the four books, only Dark and Magical Places touches upon the topic of navigation B. the heroine in Once There Were Wolves doesn’t believe the farmer is hurt by wolves C. the highlights of Dark and Magical Places are Kemp’s explanations of some concepts D. McConaghy’s novel merely focuses on the social and scientific impact on the ecosystems 42. If Bob is interested in science and wants to gain more insight into animals’ perception of the world, which of the books should be recommended? A. The Shimmering State B. Dark and Magical Places C. Secret Worlds D. Once There Were Wolves 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要以书籍推荐的形式，分别介绍了四本不同类型的书籍，包括科幻小说、神经生物学科普书、动物感官科普书和生态主题小说，简要说明了每本书的作者、出版社、定价及核心内容。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据《The Shimmering State》部分中的“Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness.(这部小说通过人与人之间紧密相连的关系，深入探讨了一种能够记录并编辑人类意识的技术所引发的一些道德困境)”可推断，利用该技术编辑意识可能会带来一些道德层面的问题。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据《Once There Were Wolves》部分中的“At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves.(起初，这些狼似乎适应得很好，但当一位农夫遭遇意外受伤后，她却怀疑上了自己深爱的男人)”可知，农夫受伤后，女主角并未怀疑是狼造成的，反而怀疑自己爱的人，由此可推断她不相信农夫是被狼所伤。故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据《Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals》部分中的“Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans.(生态学家马丁·史蒂文斯详细记载了动物的感官系统，以及这些系统如何超越人类的感官系统，同时为人类认知现实提供新的视角，也对人类既有的认知提出挑战)”和“Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world.(《神秘世界》一书详细阐述了不同物种如何进化出感知世界的能力)”可知，这两句话明确说明该书围绕动物的感官系统展开，讲解了不同动物感知世界的方式，恰好契合Bob想要了解动物对世界的感知这一需求。故选C。 (C) As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D. A. power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D. A. the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 43. Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A. It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B. It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C. It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D. It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 44. It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A. tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B. the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C. racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D. light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A. The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B. The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C. The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D. The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B. Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C. Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D. What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国上诉法院裁定烟草公司长期欺诈消费者，呼吁参议院授权FDA对其进行监管。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据第一段中“The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in.(这项裁决清楚地表明，烟草公司几十年来一直从事欺骗性和有害的行为，不能指望它们自行改革。监管监督是约束它们的最佳机会)”可知，参议员参考该裁决有助于认清外部监管的必要性。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。​ 根据第三段“Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks.(凯斯勒法官发现，这些公司操纵香烟设计以提供成瘾剂量的尼古丁，虚假否认二手烟致病，并虚假宣称淡味和低焦油香烟的健康风险更低)”可推断，烟草公司在损害消费者健康的情况下造成了其成瘾。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据第五段“The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed.(这些公司抗议称，它们不应受制于此类要求，理由是它们此前已在与46个州及哥伦比亚特区达成的和解协议框架下同意采取多项补救措施。上诉小组对此抗议并不认同，这一立场是完全正确的)”可知，烟草公司的抗议是徒劳的。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。​ 文章通篇围绕烟草公司长期欺诈、不可信任展开，并呼吁加强监管。C项“Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted(一次骗子，永远是骗子：为何烟草行业不可信)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. ____47____ Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. ____48____ “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source. ____49____ “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. ____50____ “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.” A. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. B. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. C. There used to be few ways like this to study how insects fly. D. What really drives us day to day is the abundance of technologies and fascinating open scientific problems. E. Thus, it might some day perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. F. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. 【答案】47. F 48. B 49. E 50. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了哈佛大学团队研发出仿生机器苍蝇，讲述其研发难点、系统构造，并展望它在科研、救援、农业、军事等领域的应用前景。 【47题详解】 根据前文“A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. (哈佛大学一组工程师从大自然中获得灵感，研制出首款仿生机器苍蝇。这款机械苍蝇成为一系列全新高科技集成系统的应用平台。)”及后文“Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. (它的微型翅膀能让它停留在空中并执行受控飞行任务。)”可知，前文引出哈佛研发的机器苍蝇，后文介绍它翅膀的飞行功能，F选项“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. (这台微型机器的设计旨在模拟苍蝇的自然行为，其大小与一只肥胖的家蝇相当。)”介绍了机器苍蝇的设计目的和体型，承上启下，符合语境。 【48题详解】 根据前文“‘It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,’ said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade.  (‘对我们来说，将这视为一个整体系统，而非仅仅是一堆独立部件的总和，是极其重要的，’哈佛大学工程学教授罗伯特·伍德说，他已从事仿生苍蝇项目十多年。)”及后文“‘The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,’ he said. (‘像这样的项目，难度更大之处在于，这些部件实际上都不是现成的，所以我们必须全部自行开发，’他说。)”可知，前文提到教授研究项目十余年，强调要整合组件，后文提到组件无成品需要自研，B选项“A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. (几年前，他的团队获准开始组装这些部件。)”说明团队获得批准开始组装组件，衔接前后逻辑，符合要求。 【49题详解】 根据前文“While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source. (虽然这个首个机器人飞行器与一个小型外部电源相连，但最终的目标是为其配备一个内置电源。)”及后文“‘Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,’ he said. (‘基本上，它应该能够起飞、降落和四处飞行，’他说。)”可知，前文提到研发目标是给机器苍蝇配置内置独立电源，后文说明它可实现自由飞行，E选项“Thus, it might some day perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. (因此，它有朝一日可能会在救援现场、农田或战场上执行数据收集工作。)”推断独立飞行后，它未来可在多个场景执行数据收集任务，承接上文的研发目标，符合语境。 【50题详解】 根据前文“Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. (伍德表示，该设计提供了一种新的方式来研究昆虫尺度的飞行力学和控制。)”及后文“‘You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,’ he said. ‘So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.’ (‘你可以开始考虑利用它们来回答悬而未决的科学问题，你知道，用这些机器人来研究生物学，这种方式在动物身上很难实现，’他说。‘因此，有许多技术和悬而未决的有趣科学问题真正推动我们日复一日地前进。’)”可知，前文提到该设计可用于研究昆虫尺度的飞行，后文介绍它可解决更多科学问题、替代动物开展研究，A选项“Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. (然而，搭载的动力、传感和计算技术具有更广泛的应用前景。)”指出机器苍蝇搭载的相关技术有更广泛的应用，引出下文的拓展用途，逻辑通顺。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Working overtime has been common for employees in China’s internet sector for many years, but debate about the practice heated up recently after a blacklist of technology companies that push their staff to follow a “996” schedule went viral online. The blacklist is said to have been compiled by current and former employees of technology companies. As of Monday, 84 Chinese companies were on the blacklist, which claims employees are forced to follow a “996” schedule, under which work begins at 9 am and finishes at 9 pm, six days a week. “ If it’s ‘work more, pay more’ model, I’d be a lot more willing to follow the ‘996’ schedule. But the truth is, not every company is run that way. That’s why many people complain,” a software developer working in a gaming company based in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, told the Global Times on Wednesday. The online complaints and discussions also come amid young people’s changing attitudes toward life and work, and rising rights protection awareness. With improved living standards, more young people have adopted a “work hard, play hard” lifestyle, compared with the older generations’ “work to live” mind-set. While working hard, they are calling for more holidays, and believe holidays are their rights. “Bus we don’t know who we should resort to when it comes to all these holidays and payment issues, so we resort to the internet,” the developer said. “Sometimes when projects come along. I work seven days a week, I sometimes even sleep at the office,” the developer said. “I’m a game lover and I like my job, but I think I’m underpaid and my work is not appreciated.” Industry analysts noted that the hours required by the “996” model exceed the limits established in China’s Labor Contract Law. The culture of overtime is connected to the characteristics embedded in Chinese people - who are hard -working, diligent, and desirous of success. They are even willing to sacrifice some of their personal lives to achieve career success. This might be quite different and hard to be understood in European countries. Beyond China, most people in other East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea also suffer from working overtime due to similar cultural elements. Working overtime has become a global phenomenon, and labor unions around the world should play an active role in seeking more ways to better protect workers’ rights amid an industrial upgrading. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】An online black list has brought the issue of working overtime to the spotlight. The employees complain due to their unsatisfactory payment. Besides, their changed attitudes towards life and work have also created a need for more holidays. This working - overtime culture is related to Chinese people’s personalities. But labor unions must take action to protect workers’ right. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。在中国的互联网行业，加班现象多年来一直很普遍，但最近一份要求员工遵守“996”时间表的科技公司黑名单在网上疯传后，有关加班的争论升温。文章对这种争论进行了阐述。 【详解】第一段提出现象：加班问题引发人们的争论。第二段提到：并非所有公司都遵循“多工作，多报酬”的原则，这导致了很多人抱怨加班，对加班不满。第三段提到：网络上的抱怨和讨论也反映了年轻人对生活和工作态度的转变，以及维权意识的增强。他们要求更多的假期。最后几段提出：行业分析人士指出，加班文化与中国人固有的特点有关。世界各地的工会应该发挥积极作用，寻找更多更好地保护工人权利的途径。 【点睛】所给范文条理清楚，清楚地概括了文章大意。适当运用了一些较好的词汇，例如： bring ... to the spotlight，created a need for， take action to protect ... IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他一到家就发现门口堆满了快递，这让他哭笑不得。(no sooner) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】No sooner had he got home than he found the doorway was piled with parcels, which made him feel embarrassed and amused. 【解析】 【详解】本题要求使用所给词no sooner翻译，需采用“no sooner...than...”的固定句型，表示“一……就……”，在该句型中，前半部分用过去完成时态，后半部分用一般过去时态，且no sooner置于句首时主句要部分倒装；“他一到家”可译为he had no sooner got home，其中got home表示“到家”，用过去完成时态，可将否定词no sooner置于句首，助动词had提到主语he之前，即No sooner had he got home；“就发现门口堆满了快递”是than引导的从句，保持正常语序，用一般过去时态，译为than he found the doorway was piled with parcels；“这让他哭笑不得”修饰前面整个主句，可处理非限制性定语从句which made him feel embarrassed and amused，其中关系代词which指代前面提到的事情。 53. 直到失去健康，他才意识到那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得。(until) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Not until he lost his health did he realize how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were. 【解析】 【详解】本题要求使用所给词until翻译，且表达“直到……才……”的含义，可使用“not…until…”句型的倒装结构，表示强调；“直到失去健康”作时间状语，译为not until he lost his health，置于句首，引起主句部分倒装；主句中“他才意识到……”可译为he realized…，因not until… 置于句首，需用部分倒装，将助动词did提到主语he之前，谓语动词realized用原形realize；“那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得”作宾语，可译为宾语从句how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were。 54. 法国决定将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国，这一做法在国际上被广泛视为文化正义的体现。(decision) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】France’s decision to return precious cultural relics lost from China decades ago is widely regarded internationally as an embodiment of civilization and justice. 【解析】 【详解】“法国决定将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国”可处理为主语，核心部分“法国决定”可理解为“法国的决定”，译为France’s decision，其后“将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国”可处理为后置定语，译为不定式短语to return precious cultural relics lost from China decades ago，其中过去分词短语lost from China decades ago作后置定语修饰名词词组precious cultural relics；“这一做法”作主语，指代前面法国决定归还文物的这一行为，与前面译文重复，可略去，不作处理；“被广泛视为”是谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态is widely regarded as，“国际上”作状语，用副词internationally；“文化正义的体现”作介词后宾语，译为an embodiment of culture and justice。 55. 这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。(favour) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The app developed by this unknown team became popular unexpectedly, which not only made them the focus of media overnight but also taught them that opportunities favour those who stick to perfecting small things. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述过去的事，整体使用一般过去时。根据句意，主句为“这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，”，主语“这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序”译为The app developed by this unknown team，其中“The app”作主语，“开发”译为develop，与app为被动关系，故用过去分词developed作后置定语，“名不见经传的”译为unknown修饰team；“意外走红”译为became popular unexpectedly作谓语部分。“不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。”为定语从句，用非限制性定语从句which指代前文整件事，“不仅……也……”用not only...but also...结构；“让他们成为各大媒体关注的焦点”译为made them the focus of media，“一夜之间”译为overnight作状语；“让他们深刻体会到”译为taught them，后接that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句为客观事实，用一般现在时；结合提示词favour，“机遇往往青睐”译为opportunities favour；“那些坚持把小事做到极致的人”中先行词为those，用who引导定语从句，“坚持做某事”译为stick to doing sth.，“把小事做到极致”译为perfecting small things。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，学校将于本周末安排学生自主策划的上海乡村旅游活动，去感受乡村振兴和农村发展带来的变化，你需要给外教Mr. Smith写一封信，邀请他参加，内容需要包括： 1.邀请外教参加活动; 2.活动安排的具体内容和理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Mr. Smith, How is everything going? I’m Li Ming from Mingqi Middle School. I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join our school’s countryside tour in Shanghai this weekend. This activity is arranged entirely by us students. We will visit local villages to experience great changes brought by rural revitalization. In the morning, we’ll walk around the villages to admire new houses and beautiful scenery. This will help us see how local living conditions have improved. Then we will talk with local villagers to learn about their improved life. In the afternoon, we will try some traditional farm work and taste fresh local food, which will offer us a real taste of rural culture. We can also take photos and share interesting stories along the way. This trip will offer you a great chance to learn about China’s rural development and folk culture. I’m convinced that we will have an unforgettable experience. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学的学生李明的身份给外教Mr. Smith写一封信，邀请他参加学校本周末安排学生自主策划的上海乡村旅游活动，并告知活动安排的具体内容和理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 帮助：help→assist 美景：beautiful scenery→picturesque landscapes 传统的：traditional→conventional 机会：chance→opportunity 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：This trip will offer you a great chance to learn about China’s rural development and folk culture. I’m convinced that we will have an unforgettable experience. 拓展句：This trip will offer you a great chance to learn about China’s rural development and folk culture, which I’m convinced will be an unforgettable experience for us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We will visit local villages to experience great changes brought by rural revitalization. (运用了过去分词brought作后置定语) 【高分句型2】In the afternoon, we will try some traditional farm work and taste fresh local food, which will offer us a real taste of rural culture. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $