精品解析：上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期开学英语试题

复旦附中 2026 届高三下英语开学考 (考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems. B. Talk to his advisor about dropping the course. C. Work on the assignment with a classmate. D. Ask graduate assistants for help. 2. A. Go home to get the washing. B. Send dirty clothes to the laundry. C. Pick up the washing. D. Remind the woman to hurry up. 3. A. The woman could use his calculator. B. He’ll finish the adding up for the woman. C. The woman’s calculator is better than his. D. He’s faster at adding numbers up than the woman. 4. A. The final will begin next week. B. The man should talk with his doctor again. C. She hopes the man will be able to play in the final. D. She wants the man to watch the soccer game with her. 5. A. The advisor will approve of the man’s class schedule. B. The advisor is not easy to make an appointment with. C. The man should work harder next semester. D. The man should go to see his advisor. 6. A. An educational policy. B. An economic issue. C. A heated debate. D. A famous economist. 7. A. The former is more valued than the latter. B. Views on them vary from person to person. C. The former is less valued than the latter. D. Neither of them should be valued so much. 8. A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Astonished. D. Relieved. 9. A. Why the woman took up this job. B. Why there are ice-cream tasting schools. C. How the man went into the ice-cream business. D. How it feels to work as an ice-cream taster. 10. A. They can go to the theatre on foot. B. The theatre is on the other side of the town. C. This town is big enough to walk around. D. Everything in the town is worth visiting. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A doctor. B. A model. C. A TV host. D. A magazine editor. 12. A. Kirsty is very likely to develop an eating disorder. B. Teen programmes talk a lot about appearance. C. Being thin is a common trend. D Magazines are informative. 13. A. How to develop a healthy diet. B. Whether the media are a bad influence. C. How to follow famous people’s lifestyles. D. Whether your appearance should matter or not. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer. B. He had reached the pole before Peary did. C. Peary had announced his success too late. D. Peary’s exploration wasn’t thoroughly investigated. 15. A. They interviewed Peary himself. B. They examined the tools that Peary used. C. They talked to one of Peary’s companions. D. They conducted a computer analysis of his photographs. 16. A. Exploration of space. B. Doctor Cook’s exploration. C. Exploration of the South Pole. D. The Navigation Foundation’s conclusions. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter. 18. A. Talents play a role in children’s overall development. B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as thought. C. Arts training will improve children’s performance in other subjects. D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability. 19. A. Its subjects were young children. B. It showed what skill is essential to maths. C. It illustrated why abstract reasoning is important. D. Its results helped explain why parents turn to arts education. 20. A. By helping activate children’s brains. B. By helping raise educators’ awareness. C. By helping children learn how to learn. D. By helping scientists find a rich environment. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Soccer Players and Coach Rescued from Flooded Cave in Thailand Thai officials said all 12 members of a boys’ soccer team and their coach ____1____ (rescue) from deep inside a flooded cave in northern Thailand. A Thai Navy SEAL force announced that the remaining four boys and the coach were rescued on Tuesday. Thai and foreign divers safely led the other eight youngsters out of the cave earlier in the week. “We are not sure ____2____ this is a miracle, a science, or what. All 13 Wild Boars are now out of the cave. Everyone is safe,” the SEALS wrote on Facebook. The Wild Boars is the team’s name. The 12 boys and the coach went missing on June 23, when they set out to explore the Tham Luang cave after a soccer workout. British divers found them in a partly flooded passage several kilometers inside the cave on July 2. They have spent more than two weeks deep underground in cramped, dark conditions with ____3____ (limit) oxygen. Rainy season Monsoon (季风) rains have started falling again in Thailand. The rainfall causes water levels inside the cave to rise. Experts warned it was extremely risky to dive the youngsters out of the cave. ____4____ of the boys had ever dived before. Some of them do not even know how to swim. But a short period of ____5____ (heavy) rainfall this week made the rescue mission possible. A team of Thai and international divers guided the boys and their coach out through a nearly four-kilometer-long passageway. Two divers helped each one make his way through dark, narrow passages, some of ____6____ are filled with dirty water. Condition of the boys Thai Health Secretary Jesada Chokdumrongsuk told reporters earlier on Tuesday that two of the first eight rescued boys had lung infections. He added that all of them were generally healthy and in good spirits, ____7____ their “high immunity” from playing football. The boys are expected to leave Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital on Thursday, ____8____ many are still on antibiotics (抗生素). They will be watched for signs of psychological distress, which may only become evident in the months to come. The boys have been advised against ____9____ (interview), which experts say could trigger a post-traumatic reaction. They have been advised to wear sunglasses for at least two weeks because their eyes have become accustomed to the extreme darkness. The boys’ nail-biting tragedy-turned-survival-story has been followed by millions worldwide since 23 June, when they walked into the Tham Luang cave after football practice, only ____10____ (trap) by monsoon floods. 【答案】1. had been rescued 2. whether 3. limited 4. None 5. less heavy 6. which 7. because of 8. although 9. being interviewed 10. to be trapped 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了泰国少年足球队 12 名队员及教练被困洞穴后成功获救的事件。 【1题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：泰国官方表示，一支少年足球队的全部12名队员及其教练已从泰国北部一处被水淹没的深洞中获救。all 12 members of a boys’ soccer team and their coach与rescue之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，rescue发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been rescued。 【2题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我们不确定这究竟是奇迹、是科学，还是别的什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，表示“是否”，结合“or”可知，应用whether引导该从句。故填whether。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们在地下深处狭窄、黑暗、氧气有限的环境中度过了两周多的时间。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰oxygen，limited意为“有限的”。故填limited。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：这些男孩此前无人有过潜水经历。结合句意，使用none of表示“没有一个”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填None。 【5题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：但本周降雨减弱，使得救援任务得以实施。根据语境可知，此处表示“雨没有之前那么大了”，应用形容词比较级。故填less heavy。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：每名少年都由两名潜水员护送，穿过黑暗狭窄的通道，其中部分通道充满浑浊的水。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是passages，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【7题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：他补充说，所有人总体健康、精神状态良好，因为踢足球让他们免疫力较高。后面是名词短语high immunity，此处表示“由于”，应用介词短语because of。故填because of。 【8题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：这些男孩预计周四离开清莱府普拉差努格罗医院，尽管许多人仍在服用抗生素。根据语境可知，前后句之间是让步关系，结合句意，使用although引导让步状语从句。故填although。 【9题详解】 考查动名词。句意：专家建议不要对孩子们进行采访，因为这可能引发创伤后应激反应。advise against doing sth意为“建议不要做某事”，The boys和interview为被动关系，此处是动名词的被动式。故填being interviewed。 【10题详解】 考查不定式的被动式。句意：自6月23日这群少年在足球训练后走进銮洞、却不幸被季风雨水围困以来，这场扣人心弦、由悲剧转为生还奇迹的事件，一直被全球数百万人关注。 only to do sth意为“结果却做某事”，表示出乎意料的结果，此处表示“结果却被困住”，应用不定式的被动式。故填to be trapped。 (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the otl1er blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Inflation (通货膨胀) ruins Broadway’s romance with the Phantom The stage chandelier (水晶吊灯) will fall for the last time when “The Phantom of the Opera,” the longest running musical on Broadway, shuts in February after 35 years. Musical theatre has been the mainstay of Broadway since the 19th century, but the business of running grand musicals ____11____ require huge audiences to pay high ticket prices is quite a gamble. “Phantom” ____12____ (see) by almost 20 million people on Broadway by earlier this month, grossing $1.3 billion. It ____13____ not match classical operas as a work of art, but you cannot argue with a cash machine. However, the machine can suddenly break down, as Phantom has found on Broadway ____14____ it returned post-pandemic last year. The biggest difficulty is not the initial investment in a new production, enormous ____15____ this can be; it is that musicals are very costly to keep going. Cameron Mackintosh, joint producer of “Phantom,” compares them with yachts. “It is like owning a boat: the happiest days are buying and selling it. It is extremely expensive to run.” The drag has become greater with high inflation. Mackintosh estimates that so far, the weekly cost of putting on “Phantom” on Broadway ____16____ (rise) by $100,000, with further rises in energy and other expenses to come. This is reinforced by the fact, as is often the case in London and New York, ____17____ long-running musicals tend to become increasingly dependent on tourists, with locals attracted ____18____ limited runs of new shows and revivals. Fewer have been visiting New York than before Covid hit, particularly from Asia. As demand falls, tickets get ____19____ (discount) and the economics of the older musical sag (萧条、下挫). This will probably not be the last New York has seen of the lovestruck masked man; “Phantom” may be revived in the future, perhaps in a more viable form. It will carry on touring the world for limited runs. If the tourists will not come to “Phantom,” it will come to ____20____(they) . 【答案】11. that##which 12. had been seen 13. may##might 14. since 15. though##as 16. has risen 17. that 18. to 19. discounted 20. them 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是百老汇上演35年之久的音乐剧《歌剧魅影》（The Phantom of The Opera）将于今年2月停演。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：自19世纪以来，音乐剧一直是百老汇的主流，但演出大型音乐剧需要大量观众支付高昂的票价，这是一场赌博。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词musicals是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【12题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：截至本月初，《魅影》在百老汇已有近2000万人观看，总收入13亿美元。由“by earlier this month”可知，句子时态用过去完成时，且《魅影》是被观看，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态had been seen，故填had been seen。 【13题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：作为一种艺术作品，它也许不能与古典歌剧相比，但你不能与自动提款机争辩。空后是动词原形，空格处是情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“作为一种艺术作品，它也许不能与古典歌剧相比”，空格处意为“也许”，情态动词用may/might。故填may/might。 【14题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，就像去年疫情后重返百老汇的《魅影》一样，这台机器可能会突然故障。由has found是现在完成时可知，空格处用since，表示“自从”，故填since。 【15题详解】 考查连词。句意：最大的困难不是新产品的初始投资，尽管这可能是巨大的。根据语境可知，句子表示“最大的困难不是新产品的初始投资，尽管这可能是巨大的”，空格处意为“尽管”，空前是形容词，空格处用though/as。故填though/as。 【16题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Mackintosh估计，到目前为止，在百老汇上演《魅影》的每周费用已经上涨了10万美元，能源和其他费用还会进一步上涨。由so far可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语cost是不可数名词，因此空格处是has risen。故填has risen。 【17题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：正如在伦敦和纽约经常发生的那样，长期演出的音乐剧往往越来越依赖游客，当地人被有限的新演出和复播所吸引，这一事实进一步强化了这一点。分析可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，先行词是fact，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导同位语从句，故填that。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：正如在伦敦和纽约经常发生的那样，长期演出的音乐剧往往越来越依赖游客，当地人被有限的新演出和复播所吸引，这一事实进一步强化了这一点。根据语境可知，此处表示“当地人被有限的新演出和复播所吸引”，也就是当地人被吸引到有限的新演出和复播，空格处意为“到”，用介词to，故填to。 【19题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：随着需求下降，门票打折，老音乐的经济下滑。票是被打折，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填discounted。 【20题详解】 考查。句意：如果游客不来看《魅影》，它会来找他们。根据语境可知，句子表示“如果游客不来看《魅影》，它会来找他们”，空格处用宾格them作宾语，故填them。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. swings B. birth C. deceive D. seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, ____21____ discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood ____22____. As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give ____23____ to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are ____24____ unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to ____25____ both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and ____26____ spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to ____27____ that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to ____28____ its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow ____29____, and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the ____30____ of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. 【答案】21. F 22. A 23. B 24. I 25. C 26. H 27. J 28. K 29. E 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕创造力展开讨论，阐述了创造力的积极面，同时重点分析了其鲜少被讨论的消极面及相关研究发现。 【21题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，创造力也确实与一系列不吸引人、鲜少被讨论的特质有关。空处修饰动词discussed，应用副词，结合语境，创造力的消极特质是人们不常提及的，副词rarely“很少；鲜少”符合题意。故选F。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，有具体证据支持这种刻板印象——艺术家往往抑郁或遭受情绪波动的困扰，这是事实。空处作suffer from的宾语，应用名词，结合前文“negative moods”和“depressive”，可知此处指情绪的起伏变化，名词swings“波动；摇摆”符合题意。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：正如德国哲学家弗里德里希·尼采曾经指出的：“一个人内心必须有混沌，才能孕育出舞动的星辰。” 空处作give的宾语，结合空后“to a dancing star”可知，这里为固定搭配give birth to“孕育；产生”，名词birth“诞生；孕育”符合题意。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：这并不是说有创造力的人一定不道德。空处修饰形容词unethical，应用副词，结合后文“Rather”的转折可知，有创造力的人并不是一定不道德的人，副词necessarily“必然地；一定”符合题意。故选I。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，他们对无聊和传统的较低容忍度，以及更丰富的想象力，为他们提供了更复杂的心理工具来欺骗自己和他人。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合前文“creatively distort reality”，可知此处指欺骗自己和他人，动词deceive“欺骗；蒙骗”符合题意。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：自恋的人专注于自己，自然会花更多时间发展自己的想法，而花更少时间担心取悦他人。空处修饰动词spend，应用副词，结合“Narcissistic people are focused on themselves”可知，自恋者的特质决定了他们自然会更关注自身，副词naturally“自然地”符合题意。故选H。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，重要的是要注意，自恋者往往认为自己比实际更有创造力。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合“narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are”可知，这是人们需要注意的一点，动词note“注意；留意”符合题意。故选J。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：当然，创造力的光明面往往会盖过它的黑暗面。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形。结合后文“At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow ____ , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity.”对创造力积极面的阐述，可知其光明面超过黑暗面，动词eclipse“盖过；使黯然失色”符合题意。故选K。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：在个人层面，创造力与一系列积极情绪有关，比如心流投入和主观幸福感。空处与subjective well-being并列，应用名词，结合“flow”可知，心流状态是一种全身心投入的积极体验，名词engagement“投入；参与”符合题意。故选E。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：在社会层面，创造力播下了变革和进步的种子。空处作provides的宾语，应用名词，结合常识可知，创造力是变革和进步的基础，名词seeds“种子”符合题意。故选D。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Fictional British detective Sherlock Holmes is probably one of the most popular detectives in literary history. Known for his brilliant analytical skills and ability to decipher complicated clues, the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times and even holds the Guinness World Record for the most ____31____ literary human character in film & TV. Hence, it is not surprising to hear that the Royal Mint, responsible for producing coins in the United Kingdom, has ____32____ the iconic detective with a commemorative coin. Released on May 22, 2019, in honor of creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 160th birthday, the 50 pence (75 cent) coin features a silhouette (剪影) of Holmes, ____33____ with the detective’s famous deerstalker hat and pipe, on one side and Queen Elizabeth II on the other. Surrounding Holmes’ image are some of his most popular ____34____ including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet. The tiny lettering of the ____35____, which require a magnifying glass to read, may seem like a mistake caused by the attempt to cram in too much in a small space. However, the coin’s designer, Steve Raw, says he deliberately put them all there to ____36____ the “inner detective” in fans. He explains, “Naturally, the only way to solve ‘the mystery of the text’ is by using that essential piece of equipment always carried by the intrepid detective: a magnifying glass.” The Royal Mint plans to put the 50p coin in general ____37____ later this year. ____38____, fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia, can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website. Also ____39____ are 600 limited edition silver proof coins for £55 ($70) each and 400 limited edition gold proof coins for £795 ($1,000) each. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 22, 1859, Doyle was a trained doctor running a clinic, before discovering his passion for writing. Holmes’ character was based on Dr. Joseph Bell, a renowned forensic scientist at Edinburgh University, whom Doyle ____40____ under. Following the tremendous success of A Study in Scarlet, the imaginative author ____41____ four novels and 56 short stories, the last in 1927, ____42____ the detective and his sidekick, Dr. Watson. In addition to the screen adaptations, Holmes, whose stories continue to entertain and ____43____ fans young and old, has been featured on radio dramas, live stage, and even computer games. The United Kingdom’s fun tradition of featuring fictional characters on ____44____ began in 2016, when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter’s 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author’s iconic children’s story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit. In 2018, to ____45____ his 60th birthday, the adorable Paddington Bear appeared on a set of commemorative coins for purchase on the government agency’s website. We wonder who will be next! 31. A. needed B. portrayed C. boasted D. highlighted 32. A. rewarded B. complimented C. honored D. awarded 33. A. associated B. complete C. covered D. content 34. A. plots B. subjects C. characters D. mysteries 35. A. accounts B. illustrations C. features D. titles 36. A. bring out B. bring about C. bring up D. bring in 37. A. accessibility B. popularity C. circulation D. promotion 38. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead 39. A. commercial B. available C. necessary D. profitable 40. A. guided B. pursued C. followed D. studied 41. A. adapted B. penned C. reviewed D. translated 42. A. overtaking B. quoting C. characterizing D. starring 43. A. fascinate B. instruct C. horrify D. energize 44. A. bill B. credit C. currency D. note 45. A. spend B. mark C. approach D. signal 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国皇家铸币厂为纪念夏洛克·福尔摩斯的创作者阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士160岁生日，发行了一枚50便士的纪念币，还介绍了硬币的设计、购买方式以及福尔摩斯这一角色的创作背景和影响力等。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位虚构的英国侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯可能是文学史上最受欢迎的侦探之一，他以卓越的分析能力和破解复杂线索的能力而闻名，这个咨询侦探角色在银幕上被描绘了254次，甚至保持着电影和电视中“被描绘次数最多的文学人类角色”的吉尼斯世界纪录。A. needed需要；B. portrayed描绘；C. boasted自夸；D. highlighted突出。根据上文“the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times”可知，此处表示的是福尔摩斯保持着“被描绘次数最多的文学人类角色”的吉尼斯世界纪录。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，听到负责在英国生产硬币的皇家铸币厂授予这位标志性侦探一枚纪念币也就不足为奇了。A. rewarded奖励；B. complimented赞美；C. honored纪念；D. awarded授予。根据下文“the iconic detective with a commemorative coin”以及“Released on May 22, 2019, in honor of creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 160th birthday, the 50 pence (75 cent) coin features a silhouette (剪影) of Holmes,”可知，此处表示的是授予标志性侦探一枚纪念币。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这枚50便士（75美分）的硬币于2019年5月22日发行，以纪念创作者阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士160岁生日，硬币的一面是福尔摩斯的剪影，配有这位侦探著名的猎鹿帽和烟斗，另一面是伊丽莎白二世女王。A. associated关联的；B. complete完整的；C. covered覆盖的；D. content满意的。根据下文“with the detective’s famous deerstalker hat and pipe,”可知，此处表示的是福尔摩斯的剪影配有猎鹿帽和烟斗。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯形象周围环绕着他一些最受欢迎的谜团，包括《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》、《四签名》、《恐怖谷》以及这位侦探的处女作——《血字的研究》。A. plots情节；B. subjects主题；C. characters角色；D. mysteries谜团。根据下文“including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet.”可知，这些都是福尔摩斯系列中的谜团故事。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：标题的小字体需要放大镜才能阅读，这可能看起来像是试图在狭小空间里塞进太多东西而导致的错误。A. accounts账户；B. illustrations插图；C. features特点；D. titles标题。根据上文“including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet.”可知，这些是作品的标题。故选D。 【36题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，硬币的设计师史蒂夫·劳说，他故意把所有这些文字都放在那里，以激发粉丝们“内心的侦探”。A. bring out激发；B. bring about引起；C. bring up抚养；D. bring in引进。根据下文“the “inner detective” in fans”以及语境可知，此处表示放入这么多文字的目的是激发粉丝们内心的侦探精神。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国皇家铸币厂计划在今年晚些时候将这枚50便士硬币投入流通。A. accessibility可接近性；B. popularity流行；C. circulation流通；D. promotion促销。根据上文“The Royal Mint plans to put the 50p coin”以及常识可知，此处表示的是将硬币投入流通。故选C。 【38题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，希望在自己的夏洛克·福尔摩斯纪念品中增添一件闪亮新物品的粉丝们，可以从英国皇家铸币厂的网站上以10英镑（13美元）的价格购买一枚未流通的版本。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. Instead代替。根据下文“fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia, can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website.”以及语境可知，英国皇家铸币厂的计划和粉丝的希望之间存在转折关系，所以空处应使用however，表示“然而”。故选A。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，还有600枚限量版银质精制币，每枚售价55英镑（70美元），以及400枚限量版金质精制币，每枚售价795英镑（1000美元），均可购买。A. commercial商业的；B. available可获得的；C. necessary必要的；D. profitable有利可图的。根据上文“can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website.”可知，此处表示的是这些限量版银质精制币也可以购买。故选B。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯这个角色是基于爱丁堡大学著名的法医科学家约瑟夫·贝尔博士，柯南·道尔曾在他手下学习。A. guided指导；B. pursued追求；C. followed跟随；D. studied学习。根据上文“Doyle was a trained doctor running a clinic, before discovering his passion for writing.”可知，柯南·道尔曾是一名医生，所以此处表示的是他在贝尔博士手下学习。故选D。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在《血字的研究》取得巨大成功之后，这位富有想象力的作家撰写了四部长篇小说和56篇短篇小说，最后一篇写于1927年，描述了这位侦探和他的助手华生博士。A. adapted改编；B. penned撰写；C. reviewed复习；D. translated翻译。根据下文“four novels and 56 short stories”可知，此处表示的是他撰写小说和短篇小说。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在《血字的研究》取得巨大成功之后，这位富有想象力的作家撰写了四部长篇小说和56篇短篇小说，最后一篇写于1927年，描述了这位侦探和他的助手华生博士。A. overtaking超过；B. quoting引用；C. characterizing描绘；D. starring主演。根据下文“the detective and his sidekick, Dr. Watson.”以及常识可知，最后一篇小说描述了这位侦探和他的助手华生博士。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了屏幕改编之外，福尔摩斯的故事继续娱乐并吸引着各个年龄段的粉丝，他还出现在广播剧、现场舞台剧甚至电脑游戏中。A. fascinate吸引；B. instruct指导；C. horrify使恐惧；D. energize使充满活力。根据上文“continue to entertain”以及下文“fans young and old”可知，此处表示的是福尔摩斯的故事吸引着粉丝。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国在货币上印上虚构人物的传统始于2016年，当时英国皇家铸币厂为庆祝碧翠丝·波特150岁生日，发行了限量版硬币，硬币上印有这位作家标志性儿童故事《彼得兔的故事》中的角色。A. bill账单；B. credit信用；C. currency货币；D. note便条。根据下文“when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter’s 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author’s iconic children’s story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit.”可知，此处表示的是在货币上印上虚构人物这一传统。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，为了纪念他60岁生日，可爱的帕丁顿熊出现在政府机构网站上出售的一套纪念币上。A. spend花费；B. mark纪念；C. approach接近；D. signal发信号。根据下文“his 60th birthday”可知，此处表示的是为了纪念帕丁顿熊60岁生日。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Zheng He The Chinese admiral-explorer of the 15th century Zheng He was born around 1371, to a Muslim family in China’s southern Yunnan Province. At 13 he became a servant in the household of the Chinese emperor’s fourth son, Prince Zhu Di. He proved himself to be an exceptional servant, becoming skilled in the arts of war and diplomacy and serving as an officer of the prince. Zhu Di became emperor in 1402, and a year later, he promoted Zheng He to the high military position of admiral and ordered him to oversee the construction of a Treasure Fleet (舰队) to explore the seas surrounding China. The fleet used the compass (指南针) — invented in China in the 11th century -- for navigation. Marked sticks of incense were burned to measure time. Latitude was determined by monitoring the North Star in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Cross in the Southern Hemisphere. The ships of the Treasure Fleet communicated with one another through the use of flags, lanterns, bells, carrier pigeons, gongs and banners. The fleet reached Sri Lanka and India in 1406, and stayed there for several months, carrying on barter and trade. On the return voyage in 1407, the Treasure Fleet was forced to battle with pirates near Sumatra for several months. Eventually Zheng He’s men managed to capture the pirate leader and take him to the Chinese capital Nanjing. During each of Zheng He’s voyages, he encouraged diplomats from other countries to travel to China, either aboard his ships or on their own vessels. In 1426, Zhu Di’s grandson — Zhu Zhanji became the emperor, who later appointed Zheng He to make a seventh voyage in an attempt to restore peaceful relations with the kingdoms of Malacca and Siam. It took a year to prepare for the voyage, which departed as a large expedition with 100 ships and 27,500 men. Zheng He is believed to have died in 1433, on the return trip. Nonetheless, the era of exploration for China was soon over, as the following emperors prohibited trade with foreign countries and even the construction of ocean going vessels, thus ending an era of trade and exploration. 46. The underlined word “oversee” in the first paragraph probably means ______. A. overlook B. neglect C. inspect D. foresee 47. The 3rd paragraph is a brief description of ______. A. equipment used during voyages. B. the way the fleet managed to find directions. C. how night sky was employed for positioning. D. the necessity for interactions between individual ships. 48. What motivated Zhu Zhanji to send Zheng He on a further mission? A. to end hostility between China and certain nations. B. to start an expedition with vessels and sailors. C. to make full preparation for the seventh voyage. D. to bring peace and harmony back to Malacca and Siam. 49. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Zheng He was forced to make contact with foreign diplomats. B. China stopped global economic activities following Zheng’s death. C. In the battle against pirates, the fleet suffered little loss and damage. D. The pirate leader was finally set free after he was brought to Nan Jing. 【答案】46. C 47. A 48. A 49. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了15世纪中国探险家郑和的生平事迹及航海探险经历。 46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Zhu Di became emperor in 1402, and a year later, he promoted Zheng He to the high military position of admiral and ordered him to oversee the construction of a Treasure Fleet (舰队) to explore the seas surrounding China.(朱棣于1402年成为皇帝，一年后，他提拔郑和为海军上将，并命令他oversee建造一支宝船舰队，以探索中国周边海域)”可知，皇帝升他为官，命他监督、视察船队建造，oversee意为“监督，管理”。故选C。 【47题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The fleet used the compass (指南针) — invented in China in the 11th century -- for navigation. Marked sticks of incense were burned to measure time. Latitude was determined by monitoring the North Star in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Cross in the Southern Hemisphere. The ships of the Treasure Fleet communicated with one another through the use of flags, lanterns, bells, carrier pigeons, gongs and banners.(船队使用指南针进行导航，指南针于11世纪在中国发明。船员们通过燃烧带有标记的香来计时。在北半球，通过观测北极星来确定纬度，在南半球则通过观测南十字星来确定纬度。宝船队的船只通过使用旗帜、灯笼、铃铛、信鸽、锣和横幅进行相互沟通)”可知，该段主要描述了郑和船队在航行中所使用的设备，包括指南针、香棒、通过观察北极星或南十字座来确定纬度的方法，以及船只之间通过旗帜、灯笼、铃铛、信鸽、锣和旗帜进行通信的方式。因此，该段是对航行中使用的设备的简要描述。故选A。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In 1426, Zhu Di’s grandson — Zhu Zhanji became the emperor, who later appointed Zheng He to make a seventh voyage in an attempt to restore peaceful relations with the kingdoms of Malacca and Siam.(1426年，朱棣的孙子朱瞻基继位为帝，随后任命郑和进行第七次下西洋，旨在恢复与马六甲和暹罗王国的和平关系)”可知，朱瞻基派郑和进一步出使的动机是结束中国与某些国家之间的敌对状态。故选A。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Zheng He is believed to have died in 1433, on the return trip. Nonetheless, the era of exploration for China was soon over, as the following emperors prohibited trade with foreign countries and even the construction of ocean going vessels, thus ending an era of trade and exploration.(郑和据信于1433年在返程途中去世。然而，中国的探险时代很快便结束了，因为随后的皇帝禁止与外国进行贸易，甚至禁止建造远洋船只，从而终结了一个贸易和探险的时代)”可知，在郑和去世后，中国停止了全球性的经济活动。故选B。 (B) The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40 km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers. General Information: People with disabilities – can be accommodated on most excursion trains, including a limited number of wheelchairs. Please phone to check availability. Easy access toilets are at Belgrave, Lakeside and Gembrook. Refreshments and souvenirs – are available at most stations. Railway Tracks – standing and walking on the tracks is not permitted. Prams (婴儿车) – only folding or narrow type prams can be accommodated through the narrow carriage doors. Smoking – is not permitted on the train or under any roofed areas. Assistance Dogs certified by a registered authority – are the only dogs allowed on the train and must be kept on lead at all times. Alcohol – is not permitted on trains (except as provided in dining cars). Toilets – are located at each station. Parenting rooms are located at Belgrave, Lakeside & Gembrook. Photographs and videos – for personal use are permitted. Wedding photography and any use, re-use or reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission. Conditions: Concession fares (优惠票价) are available to Australian bearers of Health Care, Student, Seniors, Companion or Pensioner cards. (Exclude evening dining and events). Your signature may be required on day of travel for verification purposes. Children under 4 years, not occupying a seat, are carried FREE on excursion trains only, excluding special events and dining trains. Discounts are available for pre-booked group travel (20 or more) on a return journey, except on Sundays, public holidays and school holidays. All trains are steam-driven unless a diesel locomotive (柴油机车) is required in exceptional circumstances. First Class Travel return journeys are on appointed trains only. 50. The above information is mainly intended for _____. A. international tourists in Australia B potential travelers of the steam trains C. local residents in Dandenong Ranges D. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway 51. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains. A. prams B. guide dogs C. wheelchairs D. alcohol 52. What can be learned from the above information? A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains. B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations. C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares. D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance. 【答案】50. B 51. D 52. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了位于墨尔本以东约40公里处的“膨胀比利铁路”建于20世纪初，目的是开辟偏远地区。现在贝尔格雷夫和金布鲁克之间的线路穿过宏伟的丹德农山脉的森林和农田。今天，由于900多名志愿者的不懈努力，这条非营利性铁路几乎每天都在运营。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中“The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40 km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers.”（这条位于墨尔本以东约40公里处的“膨胀比利铁路”建于20世纪初，目的是开辟偏远地区。现在贝尔格雷夫和金布鲁克之间的线路穿过宏伟的丹德农山脉的森林和农田。今天，由于900多名志愿者的不懈努力，这条非营利性铁路几乎每天都在运营。）由此判断出，以上资料主要供潜在乘坐蒸汽列车的旅客参考。故选B项。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Alcohol – is not permitted on trains (except as provided in dining cars).”（酒精——不允许带上火车(餐车里提供的除外)）可知，人们不允许带酒上短途列车。故选D项。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中“Easy access toilets are at Belgrave, Lakeside and Gembrook.”（Belgrave、莱克赛德和 Gembrook 都设有方便使用的厕所。）可知，并非所有车站都设有残疾人厕所。故选B项。 (C) A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional. The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence. Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress. Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play. “It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.” Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients. But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming number” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response. 53. According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular? A. It has been in existence for no less than twenty years. B. Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals. C. It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier. D. There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients. 54. Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____ A. illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists. B. highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies. C. question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients. D. criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously. 55. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think. B. It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals. C. Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed. D. Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. More evidence found for dog-human relationship B. Potential effects dogs have on patients C. Therapeutic animal: nothing new D. Good dog, good therapist? 【答案】53. C 54. A 55. C 56. D 【解析】 【分析】本文为议论文。动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动能少痛苦悲伤，使人更快乐。文章中针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home.”可知，动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动都能减少悲伤。而C项（人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐）就是对本句的同义解释。故选C。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，但目前还不清楚是动物的功劳还是其他因素在有助于缓解压力。可推断出还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。故选A。 55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上，因此C项（与一种狗有关的研究结果可能不适用于另一种狗）符合题意。故选C 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。文章前两段提出观点“人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐”。接着本文主要针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。如第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上。因此D项（Good dog, good therapist?“好狗，好的治疗师？”）能概括全文。故D项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In uncertain times, certainty is over-rated and over-rewarded Type the words “kind of”, “probably” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: “ ____57____ ” To me, this suggestion encapsulates something we’ve got wrong in society: we live in a world that rewards those who speak with a strong opinion — even when that is misplaced — and gives very little airtime to those who acknowledge doubt. “____58____ Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble. “That’s saying ‘let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is hard-wired to hate uncertainty: a 2016 study published in Nature Communications found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock or not — higher even than subjects who were told they definitely would get one. While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real. ____59____ In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events. Prof Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches and perspectives, and synthesize those into various “small” conclusions. Hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs worse forecasters but more likely to get attention. ____60____ Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. A. Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. B. Highly confident statements also promote polarization, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. C. We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story. D. But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? E. And it makes sense that when we’re all feeling anxious, we would want to feel that some adults somewhere know what they’re doing. F. Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact. 【答案】57. F 58. C 59. A 60. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要批判社会过度推崇确定性与果断表达，指出自信的专家未必可靠，并呼吁理性看待所谓权威观点。 【57题详解】 根据前文“If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: (如果人工智能驱动的“微软编辑器”判定你听起来不够果断，它就会警告你：)”可知，前文提到软件会对不果断的表达发出警告，此空应是警告的具体内容，F选项“Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact.(表达不确定性的词语会削弱你的影响力。)”与前文“不够果断”的语境完全对应，符合语境。故选F项。 【58题详解】 根据后文“Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying.(为什么？因为这在心理上令人满足。)”可知，前文应提出一种人们倾向于相信果断言论的现象，C选项“We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story.(我们会被那些讲述简单、清晰、自信故事的权威所吸引，也更愿意听他们说话。)”引出后文对这一现象原因的解释，符合语境。故选C项。 【59题详解】 根据前文“While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real.(虽然听起来自信的权威可能给了我们大脑想要的东西，但他们提供的慰藉可能并不真实。)”以及后文“In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events.(事实上，心理学教授菲利普·泰特洛克发现，预测者的名气与其预测事件结果的能力呈负相关。)”可知，此空应说明过度自信的公众人物反而更受关注，A选项“Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. (然而，过度自信的“思想领袖”和其他公众人物通常占据报纸头条，拥有最多的社交媒体粉丝。)”承接前后文，符合语境。故选A项。 【60题详解】 根据后文“Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.(加德纳先生提出一种方法：给发言者贴上过往预测记录的标签，就像我们查看赛马或棒球运动员的表现数据一样。)”可知，后文提出监督专家的具体方法，此空应提出是否应该问责这些专家的疑问，D选项“But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? (但如果我们让“专家”和领导者承担责任，难道不是更好吗？)”引出后文的解决方案，符合语境。故选D项。 IV. Summary Writing 61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Dear Mom, Clear My Calendar September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summer’s end. But parents have a special reason to do so. The end of summer means the start of school. And these days, planning a young child’s schedule is a big challenge. The challenge is no longer finding activities to fill a child’s day; it is saying no to the hundreds of options available. Our mailbox is filled with brochures urging us to sign our kids up for classes from cooking to martial arts (武术). Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. In the name of “enrichment”, three-year-olds not only go to preschool in the morning but study French or gymnastics after lunch. One teacher tells of a four-year-old asking for help in the toilet before hurrying off to tennis. Another teacher says that children sometimes hold on to her at pickup time. What happened to unstructured time? A generous explanation is that we enjoy giving children opportunities we never had. The truth, however, is that many parents have doubts about how much time they spend away from their families. And one way to reduce this guilt is to believe that time spent in these classes is somehow more beneficial to children than the time we know we should be giving them ourselves. A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. Remember the lazy days of summer? Some children sleep late and play with the kids across the street until it’s time to come for dinner. However, with the majority of mothers working, fewer children enjoy that idle time now. Come September, children across the country will finish a full day of kindergarten, only to attend an after-school program until 6 P.M., when a working mom or dad comes to take them home. That’s too much for a five-year-old. Finances, of course, do limit some parents. But let’s be honest with ourselves — our own busy schedules, whatever they involve, are no excuse for burdening a young child’s. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As the new school term draws near, parents find it really tough to reject various after-school enrichment classes for their young children, which greatly dismays many frontline educators. They do this mainly to ease deep guilt from insufficient company; however, children badly need unstructured free time instead of overloaded daily schedules. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章从新学期来临家长为孩子安排大量课外班的现象切入，分析了背后家长因陪伴不足而产生的愧疚心理，并指出孩子真正需要的是不被安排的闲暇时光。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Parents find it hard to say no to the numerous activity options for their young children. ②Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. ③Parents enroll kids in many classes mainly to ease their guilt of not spending enough time with them. ④A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. ⑤Parents’ busy schedules are no excuse for overburdening a child. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Parents find it hard to reject various after-school classes for their young children. This behavior is mainly driven by their guilt over not spending enough time with their kids. What children truly need is unstructured free time rather than a packed schedule. A parent’s own busy life is no justification for burdening a young child. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As the new school term draws near, parents find it really tough to reject various after-school enrichment classes for their young children, which greatly dismays many frontline educators. （运用as引导时间状语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句，对第一段和第二段进行概括，逻辑清晰） [高分句型2] They do this mainly to ease deep guilt from insufficient company; however, children badly need unstructured free time instead of overloaded daily schedules. （运用连接副词however构建句间对比，搭配介词短语instead of形成分句内的双层对比结构，整合第三、四、五段的核心内容，表达紧凑） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the bracket. 62. 光刷题不反思是没有用的。(no use) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s no use just doing endless exercises without reflecting on what you’ve done. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和宾语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“光……是没有用的”应用固定句型It’s no use just doing…；表示“刷题”应用do endless exercises，此处使用动名词形式作主语；表示“不反思”应用without reflecting on what you’ve done，reflecting为动名词形式作宾语，what you’ve done为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语，从句使用现在完成时。故翻译成：It’s no use just doing endless exercises without reflecting on what you’ve done.。 63. 听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性还没有定论。(discourage) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no final conclusion on whether listening to audiobooks will discourage children from reading the book on their own. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句、动词短语和名词。根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，全句使用一般现在时；表示“还没有定论”为there be句型，表示“没有定论”可译为there is no final conclusion，位于句首单词首字母需大写；表示“听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性”可理解为“关于听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性”，表示“关于”为介词on，表示“是否”为whether引导宾语从句，表示“听书”为listening to audiobooks作宾语从句的主语，表示“打消积极性”为discourage...from...，是固定搭配，意为“阻止/打消某人做某事的积极性”，从句使用一般将来时，译为will discourage sb. from；表示“孩子”为children作discourage的宾语；表示“自己去读这本书”为reading the book on their own，其中on their own意为“独自地，靠自己”，作介词from的宾语。故翻译为There is no final conclusion on whether listening to audiobooks will discourage children from reading the book on their own. 64. 尽管这个计划理论上行得通，但实施的过程中我们遇到了许多意想不到的问题。(...as...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Feasible as the plan is in theory, we encountered a host of unexpected problems during its implementation. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和部分倒装。“尽管这个计划理论上行得通”处理为as引导的让步状语从句，从句需倒装，将表语、状语或动词原形提到句首，主语“这个计划”用the plan，表语“行得通的”用feasible，将其置于句首，状语“在理论上”用in theory，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，系动词用is；主句主语是we，谓语“遇到”用encounter，主句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，宾语“许多意想不到的问题”用a host of unexpected problems，状语“在实施过程中”用 during its implementation。综上，故翻译为：Feasible as the plan is in theory, we encountered a host of unexpected problems during its implementation. 65. 众所周知，缺乏有质的睡眠对人的健康和学习效率的影响是显而易见的。我们应当劳逸结合，因为俗话说得好：“欲速则不达”。(acknowledge) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is widely acknowledged that the impact of inadequate quality sleep on people’s health and learning efficiency is evident. We should strike a balance between work and rest, as the old saying goes: “More haste, less speed.” 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、短语和名词性从句。表示“众多周知”句型为 It is widely acknowledged that，其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；“对人的健康和学习效率的影响”翻译为the impact of inadequate quality sleep on people’s health and learning efficiency，在从句中作主语；表示“显而易见的”形容词为evident；“劳逸结合”翻译为strike a balance between work and rest，前为情态动词should，应用动词原形；表示“俗话说的好”短语为as the saying goes；表示“欲速则不达”为More haste, less speed。再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It is widely acknowledged that the impact of inadequate quality sleep on people’s health and learning efficiency is evident. We should strike a balance between work and rest, as the old saying goes: “More haste, less speed.” VI. Guided Writing 66. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个。给他写封邮件，内容需包含： 1.你的选择 2.你的理由及如何执行该计划 ①参加山区支教志愿服务 ②去祖国各地走走 ③学习技能，如驾驶、乐器演奏、视频剪辑等 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear jack, I’m more than glad to hear from you. Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things. This three - month vacation will undoubtedly be my longest holiday ever. Therefore, I’d like to make it as meaningful as possible. Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition. In the meanwhile, I can meet many interesting people and learn about society. Besides, I’m planning to enroll in a driving course and try to get my driver’s license as driving will be an important and necessary skill in modern society. If time permits, I’m going to learn some Musical Instruments, which is something I’ve always wanted to do. I have a strong interest in guitar, so I want to learn how to play guitar, which can enrich my hobby. I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划这一情况，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个，写封邮件给他。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→ happy 与此同时：In the meanwhile → At the same time 此外：Besides→ What’s more 重要的：important→ vital 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition. 拓展句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money, which can cover part of my college tuition. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.（运用了介词during +which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody.（运用了so that引导目的状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦附中 2026 届高三下英语开学考 (考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems. B. Talk to his advisor about dropping the course. C. Work on the assignment with a classmate. D. Ask graduate assistants for help. 2. A. Go home to get the washing. B. Send dirty clothes to the laundry. C. Pick up the washing. D. Remind the woman to hurry up. 3. A. The woman could use his calculator. B. He’ll finish the adding up for the woman. C. The woman’s calculator is better than his. D. He’s faster at adding numbers up than the woman. 4. A. The final will begin next week. B. The man should talk with his doctor again. C. She hopes the man will be able to play in the final. D. She wants the man to watch the soccer game with her. 5. A. The advisor will approve of the man’s class schedule. B. The advisor is not easy to make an appointment with. C. The man should work harder next semester. D. The man should go to see his advisor. 6. A. An educational policy. B. An economic issue. C. A heated debate. D. A famous economist. 7. A. The former is more valued than the latter. B. Views on them vary from person to person. C. The former is less valued than the latter. D. Neither of them should be valued so much. 8. A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Astonished. D. Relieved. 9. A. Why the woman took up this job. B. Why there are ice-cream tasting schools. C. How the man went into the ice-cream business. D. How it feels to work as an ice-cream taster. 10. A. They can go to the theatre on foot. B. The theatre is on the other side of the town. C. This town is big enough to walk around. D. Everything in the town is worth visiting. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A doctor. B. A model. C. A TV host. D. A magazine editor. 12. A. Kirsty is very likely to develop an eating disorder. B. Teen programmes talk a lot about appearance. C. Being thin is a common trend. D. Magazines are informative. 13. A. How to develop a healthy diet. B. Whether the media are a bad influence. C. How to follow famous people’s lifestyles. D. Whether your appearance should matter or not. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer. B He had reached the pole before Peary did. C. Peary had announced his success too late. D. Peary’s exploration wasn’t thoroughly investigated. 15. A. They interviewed Peary himself. B. They examined the tools that Peary used. C. They talked to one of Peary’s companions. D. They conducted a computer analysis of his photographs. 16. A. Exploration of space. B. Doctor Cook’s exploration. C. Exploration of the South Pole. D. The Navigation Foundation’s conclusions. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter. 18. A. Talents play a role in children’s overall development. B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as thought. C. Arts training will improve children’s performance in other subjects. D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability. 19. A. Its subjects were young children. B. It showed what skill is essential to maths. C. It illustrated why abstract reasoning is important. D. Its results helped explain why parents turn to arts education. 20. A. By helping activate children’s brains. B. By helping raise educators’ awareness. C. By helping children learn how to learn. D. By helping scientists find a rich environment. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Soccer Players and Coach Rescued from Flooded Cave in Thailand Thai officials said all 12 members of a boys’ soccer team and their coach ____1____ (rescue) from deep inside a flooded cave in northern Thailand. A Thai Navy SEAL force announced that the remaining four boys and the coach were rescued on Tuesday. Thai and foreign divers safely led the other eight youngsters out of the cave earlier in the week. “We are not sure ____2____ this is a miracle, a science, or what. All 13 Wild Boars are now out of the cave. Everyone is safe,” the SEALS wrote on Facebook. The Wild Boars is the team’s name. The 12 boys and the coach went missing on June 23, when they set out to explore the Tham Luang cave after a soccer workout. British divers found them in a partly flooded passage several kilometers inside the cave on July 2. They have spent more than two weeks deep underground in cramped, dark conditions with ____3____ (limit) oxygen. Rainy season Monsoon (季风) rains have started falling again in Thailand. The rainfall causes water levels inside the cave to rise. Experts warned it was extremely risky to dive the youngsters out of the cave. ____4____ of the boys had ever dived before. Some of them do not even know how to swim. But a short period of ____5____ (heavy) rainfall this week made the rescue mission possible. A team of Thai and international divers guided the boys and their coach out through a nearly four-kilometer-long passageway. Two divers helped each one make his way through dark, narrow passages, some of ____6____ are filled with dirty water. Condition of the boys Thai Health Secretary Jesada Chokdumrongsuk told reporters earlier on Tuesday that two of the first eight rescued boys had lung infections. He added that all of them were generally healthy and in good spirits, ____7____ their “high immunity” from playing football. The boys are expected to leave Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital on Thursday, ____8____ many are still on antibiotics (抗生素). They will be watched for signs of psychological distress, which may only become evident in the months to come. The boys have been advised against ____9____ (interview), which experts say could trigger a post-traumatic reaction. They have been advised to wear sunglasses for at least two weeks because their eyes have become accustomed to the extreme darkness. The boys’ nail-biting tragedy-turned-survival-story has been followed by millions worldwide since 23 June, when they walked into the Tham Luang cave after football practice, only ____10____ (trap) by monsoon floods. (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the otl1er blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Inflation (通货膨胀) ruins Broadway’s romance with the Phantom The stage chandelier (水晶吊灯) will fall for the last time when “The Phantom of the Opera,” the longest running musical on Broadway, shuts in February after 35 years. Musical theatre has been the mainstay of Broadway since the 19th century, but the business of running grand musicals ____11____ require huge audiences to pay high ticket prices is quite a gamble. “Phantom” ____12____ (see) by almost 20 million people on Broadway by earlier this month, grossing $1.3 billion. It ____13____ not match classical operas as a work of art, but you cannot argue with a cash machine. However, the machine can suddenly break down, as Phantom has found on Broadway ____14____ it returned post-pandemic last year. The biggest difficulty is not the initial investment in a new production, enormous ____15____ this can be; it is that musicals are very costly to keep going. Cameron Mackintosh, joint producer of “Phantom,” compares them with yachts. “It is like owning a boat: the happiest days are buying and selling it. It is extremely expensive to run.” The drag has become greater with high inflation. Mackintosh estimates that so far, the weekly cost of putting on “Phantom” on Broadway ____16____ (rise) by $100,000, with further rises in energy and other expenses to come. This is reinforced by the fact, as is often the case in London and New York, ____17____ long-running musicals tend to become increasingly dependent on tourists, with locals attracted ____18____ limited runs of new shows and revivals. Fewer have been visiting New York than before Covid hit, particularly from Asia. As demand falls, tickets get ____19____ (discount) and the economics of the older musical sag (萧条、下挫). This will probably not be the last New York has seen of the lovestruck masked man; “Phantom” may be revived in the future, perhaps in a more viable form. It will carry on touring the world for limited runs. If the tourists will not come to “Phantom,” it will come to ____20____(they) . Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. swings B. birth C. deceive D. seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, ____21____ discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood ____22____. As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give ____23____ to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are ____24____ unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to ____25____ both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and ____26____ spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to ____27____ that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to ____28____ its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow ____29____, and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the ____30____ of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Fictional British detective Sherlock Holmes is probably one of the most popular detectives in literary history. Known for his brilliant analytical skills and ability to decipher complicated clues, the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times and even holds the Guinness World Record for the most ____31____ literary human character in film & TV. Hence, it is not surprising to hear that the Royal Mint, responsible for producing coins in the United Kingdom, has ____32____ the iconic detective with a commemorative coin. Released on May 22, 2019, in honor of creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 160th birthday, the 50 pence (75 cent) coin features a silhouette (剪影) of Holmes, ____33____ with the detective’s famous deerstalker hat and pipe, on one side and Queen Elizabeth II on the other. Surrounding Holmes’ image are some of his most popular ____34____ including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet. The tiny lettering of the ____35____, which require a magnifying glass to read, may seem like a mistake caused by the attempt to cram in too much in a small space. However, the coin’s designer, Steve Raw, says he deliberately put them all there to ____36____ the “inner detective” in fans. He explains, “Naturally, the only way to solve ‘the mystery of the text’ is by using that essential piece of equipment always carried by the intrepid detective: a magnifying glass.” The Royal Mint plans to put the 50p coin in general ____37____ later this year. ____38____, fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia, can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website. Also ____39____ are 600 limited edition silver proof coins for £55 ($70) each and 400 limited edition gold proof coins for £795 ($1,000) each. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 22, 1859, Doyle was a trained doctor running a clinic, before discovering his passion for writing. Holmes’ character was based on Dr. Joseph Bell, a renowned forensic scientist at Edinburgh University, whom Doyle ____40____ under. Following the tremendous success of A Study in Scarlet, the imaginative author ____41____ four novels and 56 short stories, the last in 1927, ____42____ the detective and his sidekick, Dr. Watson. In addition to the screen adaptations, Holmes, whose stories continue to entertain and ____43____ fans young and old, has been featured on radio dramas, live stage, and even computer games. The United Kingdom’s fun tradition of featuring fictional characters on ____44____ began in 2016, when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter’s 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author’s iconic children’s story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit. In 2018, to ____45____ his 60th birthday, the adorable Paddington Bear appeared on a set of commemorative coins for purchase on the government agency’s website. We wonder who will be next! 31. A. needed B. portrayed C. boasted D. highlighted 32. A. rewarded B. complimented C. honored D. awarded 33. A. associated B. complete C. covered D. content 34. A. plots B. subjects C. characters D. mysteries 35. A. accounts B. illustrations C. features D. titles 36. A. bring out B. bring about C. bring up D. bring in 37. A. accessibility B. popularity C. circulation D. promotion 38. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead 39. A. commercial B. available C. necessary D. profitable 40. A. guided B. pursued C. followed D. studied 41. A. adapted B. penned C. reviewed D. translated 42. A. overtaking B. quoting C. characterizing D. starring 43. A. fascinate B. instruct C. horrify D. energize 44. A. bill B. credit C. currency D. note 45. A. spend B. mark C. approach D. signal Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Zheng He The Chinese admiral-explorer of the 15th century Zheng He was born around 1371, to a Muslim family in China’s southern Yunnan Province. At 13 he became a servant in the household of the Chinese emperor’s fourth son, Prince Zhu Di. He proved himself to be an exceptional servant, becoming skilled in the arts of war and diplomacy and serving as an officer of the prince. Zhu Di became emperor in 1402, and a year later, he promoted Zheng He to the high military position of admiral and ordered him to oversee the construction of a Treasure Fleet (舰队) to explore the seas surrounding China. The fleet used the compass (指南针) — invented in China in the 11th century -- for navigation. Marked sticks of incense were burned to measure time. Latitude was determined by monitoring the North Star in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Cross in the Southern Hemisphere. The ships of the Treasure Fleet communicated with one another through the use of flags, lanterns, bells, carrier pigeons, gongs and banners. The fleet reached Sri Lanka and India in 1406, and stayed there for several months, carrying on barter and trade. On the return voyage in 1407, the Treasure Fleet was forced to battle with pirates near Sumatra for several months. Eventually Zheng He’s men managed to capture the pirate leader and take him to the Chinese capital Nanjing. During each of Zheng He’s voyages, he encouraged diplomats from other countries to travel to China, either aboard his ships or on their own vessels. In 1426, Zhu Di’s grandson — Zhu Zhanji became the emperor, who later appointed Zheng He to make a seventh voyage in an attempt to restore peaceful relations with the kingdoms of Malacca and Siam. It took a year to prepare for the voyage, which departed as a large expedition with 100 ships and 27,500 men. Zheng He is believed to have died in 1433, on the return trip. Nonetheless, the era of exploration for China was soon over, as the following emperors prohibited trade with foreign countries and even the construction of ocean going vessels, thus ending an era of trade and exploration. 46. The underlined word “oversee” in the first paragraph probably means ______. A. overlook B. neglect C. inspect D. foresee 47. The 3rd paragraph is a brief description of ______. A. equipment used during voyages. B. the way the fleet managed to find directions. C. how night sky was employed for positioning. D. the necessity for interactions between individual ships. 48. What motivated Zhu Zhanji to send Zheng He on a further mission? A. to end hostility between China and certain nations. B. to start an expedition with vessels and sailors. C. to make full preparation for the seventh voyage. D. to bring peace and harmony back to Malacca and Siam. 49. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Zheng He was forced to make contact with foreign diplomats. B. China stopped global economic activities following Zheng’s death. C. In the battle against pirates, the fleet suffered little loss and damage. D. The pirate leader was finally set free after he was brought to Nan Jing. (B) The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40 km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers. General Information: People with disabilities – can be accommodated on most excursion trains, including a limited number of wheelchairs. Please phone to check availability. Easy access toilets are at Belgrave, Lakeside and Gembrook. Refreshments and souvenirs – are available at most stations. Railway Tracks – standing and walking on the tracks is not permitted. Prams (婴儿车) – only folding or narrow type prams can be accommodated through the narrow carriage doors. Smoking – is not permitted on the train or under any roofed areas. Assistance Dogs certified by a registered authority – are the only dogs allowed on the train and must be kept on lead at all times. Alcohol – is not permitted on trains (except as provided in dining cars). Toilets – are located at each station. Parenting rooms are located at Belgrave, Lakeside & Gembrook. Photographs and videos – for personal use are permitted. Wedding photography and any use, re-use or reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission. Conditions: Concession fares (优惠票价) are available to Australian bearers of Health Care, Student, Seniors, Companion or Pensioner cards. (Exclude evening dining and events). Your signature may be required on day of travel for verification purposes. Children under 4 years, not occupying a seat, are carried FREE on excursion trains only, excluding special events and dining trains. Discounts are available for pre-booked group travel (20 or more) on a return journey, except on Sundays, public holidays and school holidays. All trains are steam-driven unless a diesel locomotive (柴油机车) is required in exceptional circumstances. First Class Travel return journeys are on appointed trains only. 50. The above information is mainly intended for _____. A. international tourists in Australia B. potential travelers of the steam trains C. local residents in Dandenong Ranges D. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway 51. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains. A. prams B. guide dogs C. wheelchairs D. alcohol 52. What can be learned from the above information? A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains. B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations. C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares. D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance. (C) A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional. The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence. Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress. Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play. “It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.” Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients. But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming number” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response. 53. According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular? A It has been in existence for no less than twenty years. B. Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals. C. It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier. D. There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients. 54. Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____ A. illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists. B. highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies. C. question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients. D. criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously. 55. What can be inferred from the passage? A Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think. B. It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals. C. Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed. D. Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. More evidence found for dog-human relationship B. Potential effects dogs have on patients C Therapeutic animal: nothing new D. Good dog, good therapist? Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In uncertain times, certainty is over-rated and over-rewarded Type the words “kind of”, “probably” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: “ ____57____ ” To me, this suggestion encapsulates something we’ve got wrong in society: we live in a world that rewards those who speak with a strong opinion — even when that is misplaced — and gives very little airtime to those who acknowledge doubt. “____58____ Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble. “That’s saying ‘let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is hard-wired to hate uncertainty: a 2016 study published in Nature Communications found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock or not — higher even than subjects who were told they definitely would get one. While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real. ____59____ In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events. Prof Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches and perspectives, and synthesize those into various “small” conclusions. Hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs worse forecasters but more likely to get attention. ____60____ Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. A. Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. B. Highly confident statements also promote polarization encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. C. We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story. D. But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? E. And it makes sense that when we’re all feeling anxious, we would want to feel that some adults somewhere know what they’re doing. F. Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact. IV. Summary Writing 61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Dear Mom, Clear My Calendar September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summer’s end. But parents have a special reason to do so. The end of summer means the start of school. And these days, planning a young child’s schedule is a big challenge. The challenge is no longer finding activities to fill a child’s day; it is saying no to the hundreds of options available. Our mailbox is filled with brochures urging us to sign our kids up for classes from cooking to martial arts (武术). Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. In the name of “enrichment”, three-year-olds not only go to preschool in the morning but study French or gymnastics after lunch. One teacher tells of a four-year-old asking for help in the toilet before hurrying off to tennis. Another teacher says that children sometimes hold on to her at pickup time. What happened to unstructured time? A generous explanation is that we enjoy giving children opportunities we never had. The truth, however, is that many parents have doubts about how much time they spend away from their families. And one way to reduce this guilt is to believe that time spent in these classes is somehow more beneficial to children than the time we know we should be giving them ourselves. A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. Remember the lazy days of summer? Some children sleep late and play with the kids across the street until it’s time to come for dinner. However, with the majority of mothers working, fewer children enjoy that idle time now. Come September, children across the country will finish a full day of kindergarten, only to attend an after-school program until 6 P.M., when a working mom or dad comes to take them home. That’s too much for a five-year-old. Finances, of course, do limit some parents. But let’s be honest with ourselves — our own busy schedules, whatever they involve, are no excuse for burdening a young child’s. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the bracket. 62. 光刷题不反思是没有用的。(no use) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性还没有定论。(discourage) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 64. 尽管这个计划理论上行得通，但实施的过程中我们遇到了许多意想不到的问题。(...as...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 65. 众所周知，缺乏有质的睡眠对人的健康和学习效率的影响是显而易见的。我们应当劳逸结合，因为俗话说得好：“欲速则不达”。(acknowledge) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 66. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个。给他写封邮件，内容需包含： 1.你的选择 2.你的理由及如何执行该计划 ①参加山区支教志愿服务 ②去祖国各地走走 ③学习技能，如驾驶、乐器演奏、视频剪辑等 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $