Unit6 Section B 第四课时(SectionB1a-1e) 课后分层作业+知识清单2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 初中英语新授课同步练，以“词汇-句型-语篇-创新”分层设计，夯实语言基础，提升跨文化应用能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础知识累积词汇夯基|核心词汇（拼写、辨析）|首字母/音标填词、选词填空，强化词汇记忆| |句型及短语聚焦|基础句型、固定搭配|汉译英句子填空，巩固语法结构应用| |应用素养提升|语篇理解与综合运用|短文填空（文化情境）、阅读理解（跨文化对比），培养文化意识| |思维创新|信息提取与表达|任务型阅读（生活案例分析），提升思维品质与学习能力|

Unit6 Crossing Culture Section B How do we show respect to other cultures? 第四课时(SectionB1a-1d)知识清单 1、 重点词汇（必背 + 词性转换） 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文释义 词性转换/拓展 hear from /hɪə(r) frəm/ 短语 得到…… 消息 hear (v. 听见) custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 习俗 customer (n. 顾客)；customs (n. 海关) occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 场合；重大活动 occasional (adj. 偶然的)；occasionally (adv. 偶尔) nicely /ˈnaɪsli/ adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 nice (adj. 好看的；友好的) blouse /blaʊz/ n. (女式) 衬衫或短上衣 — private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 privately (adv. 私下地)；privacy (n. 隐私) whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 — married /ˈmærid/ adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 marry (v. 结婚)；marriage (n. 婚姻) merci /merˈsiː/ 法语 谢谢 — go a long way /ɡəʊ ə lɒŋ weɪ/ 短语 帮助很大 — au revoir /əʊ rəˈvwɑː(r)/ 法语 再见 — get along /ɡet əˈlɒŋ/ 短语 相处融洽；进展 get along with sb. 和某人相处 2、 重点短语（必背） 1.hear from 收到…… 来信；得到…… 消息 2.at first 起初；一开始 3.make some friends 交朋友 4.have embarrassing experiences 有尴尬的经历 5.arrive early 早到 6.be on time 准时 7.a few minutes late 晚几分钟 8.cause problems 造成麻烦 9.bring a gift 带一份礼物 10.dress for the occasion 着装适配场合 11.simple blouse and shorts 简单女式衬衫和短裤 12.ask personal questions 询问私人问题 13.know the person well 十分了解某人 14.safe conversation topics 安全的交谈话题 15.develop closer relationships 建立更亲密的关系 16.go a long way 帮助很大；大有作用 17.get along with others 和他人相处融洽 三、重点句型（必背 + 会用） 提建议 / 介绍异国礼仪句型 1.You shouldn’t arrive early to a party. 你不应该提前到达派对。 2.It’s normal to be on time or a few minutes late. 准时或者晚几分钟到是很正常的。 3.It’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. 拜访他人时带一份礼物很重要。 4.You should always try to dress for the occasion. 你应该尽量根据场合穿搭。 5.It’s best not to ask personal questions unless you know the person well. 除非你和对方很熟，否则最好不要问私人问题。 6.Lots of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French. 这里很多人说英语，但如果你说法语，就能和他们建立更亲密的关系。 邮件叙事衔接句 7.It’s so great to hear from you. 收到你的消息真是太好了。 8.I’d like to share some tips with you. 我想和你分享一些小建议。 9.Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. 最后一点，尽可能多地说法语。 四、语法点拨 宾语从句（whether 引导） 核心用法 whether 意为 “是否”，引导宾语从句，可与 if 互换，从句语序为陈述语序 1.基础结构：主句 + whether + 主语 + 谓语 例：They don’t like it when others ask them whether they are married. 别人问他们是否已婚时，他们会感到不适。 2.拓展区分：介词后只能用 whether，不能用 if 例：I’m thinking about whether I should bring flowers. 我在考虑是否该带鲜花。 文本话题句语法（主旨句识别） 1.Topic sentence（主题句）：概括段落中心，大多放在段首，少数在段中 / 段尾，快速抓取段落大意。 2.文中段首主题句： First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. Fourth, it’s best not to ask personal questions unless you know the person well. Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. 五、自我检测小练习 一、根据句意及首字母提示写单词 1.It’s a local c______ to bring flowers when you visit French friends. 2.You should dress properly for every o______, such as parties. 3.French people are p______, they hate others asking their age. 4.She doesn’t know w______ she should take chocolates to the party. 5.My aunt wore a beautiful silk b______ to the dinner party. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6.The little girl dresses ______ (nice) every morning. 7.Are you ______ (marry) or single? 8.It’s important to learn about different country ______ (custom). 9.______ (occasion), I bring fruit as a party gift. 10.Speaking local language can help you ______ (develop) good relationships. 三、单项选择 ( )1. I just ______ my pen pal in France. I’m so happy. A. hear from B. hear of C. hear about D. hear out ( )2. It’s best ______ personal questions in France. A. ask B. not ask C. to ask D. not to ask ( )3. I don’t know ______ I should wear shorts to the party. A. what B. whether C. that D. where ( )4. A simple word “thank you” can ______ in cross-cultural communication. A. go off B. go a long way C. go up D. go down 自我检测答案 一、1. custom 2. occasion 3. private 4. whether 5. blouse 二、6. nicely 7. married 8. customs 9. Occasionally 10. develop 三、1–4: A D B B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit6 Crossing Culture(原卷版) Section B How do we show respect to other cultures? 第四课时(SectionB1a-1e) 分层作业 基础知识累积 词汇夯基 一、请根据所给的首字母、音标或汉语提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。 1. I don’t know ___ (是否) my uncle will come to my birthday party tomorrow or not. 2.I need some p________ (私人的) time to think about my future plans. 3. She was wearing a white b________ (衬衫或短上衣) and a blue skirt. 4.I wear a suit on formal o________ (场合). 5.The couple got m________ (结婚) last month. 6.You must know some c________ (风俗) before you go to the foreign countries. 7.Tom answеrеd thе tеachеr’s quеstions _____ /ˈnaɪsli/ in clаss tоdaу. 二、根据语境，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 marry / whether / private / blouse / occasion / attend / nice 1. The pink   goes well with the grey trousers. 2. We all know that T-shirts are not suitable for a very formal   . 3. Many people want to know    AI can take the place of humans. 4. Alice decorated the birthday cake ____ with fresh fruits and colourful candles. 5. My parents got ___ twenty years ago, and they still love each other very much. 句型及短语聚焦 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.无论你爱不爱足球，都会对“苏超”感兴趣。 ________ or not, you’ll be interested in Jiangsu Football City League. 2.苏珊和汤姆两年前结婚了。 Susan ____ ____ ____Tom two years ago. 3. 但我的朋友见到我时看起来很惊讶！ But my friend ________ so ________ to see me! 4.第三，你应该总是尽量穿着得体。 Third, you should always try to ________ ________ ________ ________. 5.第四，除非你和别人很熟，否则最好不要问私人问题。 Fourth, it’s best not to ask ________ ________   unless you know the ________ ________.. 6.收到你的消息真是太好了。 It’s so great to ________ ________ you. 7. 很多法国人都相当注意隐私。 Many French people are ________ ________. 8.离开前，确保你用正确的方式告别。 Make sure you ________ ________ properly before leaving. 9. 学会餐桌礼仪能帮助我们更好地和外国朋友相处。 Learning table manners helps us ________ ________ __________foreign friends better. 10我们可以通过多交流来建立更亲密的关系。 We can ________ ________ ________ by communicating more. 应用素养提升 能力提升 四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 custom, marry, private, blouse whether, hear get, way,attend nicely Showing respect to other cultures is very important in our life. Last week, I__1_ from my pen pal Linda who lives in France. She told me many local __2__ about attending parties. When you _3____ a party in France, you should know some useful tips. First, you should dress __4__ for every occasion. You can wear a beautiful _5__ if you are a girl, but you can’t wear too casual clothes. Second, French people are very __6__, so you’d better not ask others ___7__ they are __8__ or how much money they make. These are not polite questions. It’s also necessary to learn __9___ along with people from different cultures. If you can speak a little of their language, it goes a long __10__ to make closer friends. To sum up, learning about foreign customs and using polite ways are the best ways to show our respect. 拓展培优 1、 阅读理解。 Parties are different in different cultures. They show people’s values. In Western parties, time rules are strict. For small parties, people often arrive 10‑15 minutes late. For big dinners, people come on time. People greet each other with handshakes, hugs or eye contact. They talk about relaxing things like hobbies and weather. In Chinese parties, people value punctuality too. But when greeting the old, young people bow slightly. At table, people care more about group harmony, not personal space. Both cultures have their own ways to say thanks. Westerners send thank‑you cards after parties. Chinese people may give small gifts like fruit to show thanks. Learning these differences helps build better cross‑cultural friendships. ()1. What do Westerners usually talk about at parties? A． Their jobs. B．The weather and hobbies. C．Their family problems. D．Cultural differences. ()2. The word “punctuality” probably means ________. A． 守时 B．自信 C．礼貌 D．开放 ()3. How do Chinese people show thanks after a party? A． By sending cards. B．By giving small gifts. B． By shaking hands. D．By sending emails. ()4. What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To teach us how to hold parties. B．To explain different party cultures. C．To tell us how to greet people. D．To show the importance of time. ()5.Which is the correct structure of the text? A．①‑②③‑④ B．①‑②‑③‑④ C．①②‑③‑④ D．①‑②③④ 三、阅读还原。阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余） Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some rules.     1    . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you hold chopsticks is important to avoid making others uncomfortable. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together.     2     Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.     3    . Instead, they prefer to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. Making Requests     4    . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem strange, but they are important in various countries.     5    . A．Mexicans consider it impolite to eat with utensils. B．It may seem like a small thing to ask for salt and pepper at a meal. C．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate. D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake when dining out. E．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you put them on the table. F．The more time you spend in a country, the more comfortable you will feel with its culture. 思维创新 任务型阅读。 When I worked in the UK, I had a meal in an expensive restaurant. I saw a young couple come in with a small boy. They only ordered a piece of the cheapest beef steak. “Sir, Madam, anything else? One piece is not enough for three of you!” the waiter said. The dad was a little embarrassed. He said to the waiter, “Thanks. It’s enough. We just want to bring the guy to have beef steak, and we have finished supper.” I watched them for a while. Then I found that the parents not only took the boy to have beef steak, but also regarded it as a process of learning. The parents taught the kid how to use a knife and fork and told him some table manners. I’d like to become good friends with the family. Then I walked over to them and asked really politely, “May I treat each of you to a cup of coffee?” They accepted my coffee with a smile on their faces. I sat down at their table and we began to chat. “To be honest, we are very poor, so we can’t afford any expensive food at all. However, we have every confidence in our boy. Although he was born into a poor family, I believe he will achieve great success in the future. That’s why we teach him the good table manners now,” said the little boy’s father. “We hope our kid can be a person who respects himself and others.” After that, I believe that the family won’t be poor for a long time! 1.According to the passage, where did the writer have a meal with the family? (List one place, no more than 5 words, 2 points) __________________________________________________ 2-4. Fill in the blanks according to the passage. (1 point for 3; 2 points each for 2 & 4) Information about the family Details Reasons 2.The food they ordered Only a piece of the cheapest ______. (no more than 2 words) They were poor and had finished supper. 3.The parents taught the kid To use a knife and fork and learn ______. (no more than 3 words To make him polite and respectful. 4.The writer treated them A cup of _____. (no more than 2 words) He wanted to make friends with them. The family’s hope Their son can respect himself and ______. (no more than 2 words) They believe he will succeed later. 5.What’s your understanding of the family? Use your own words (no more than 20 words). _______________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit6 Crossing Culture Section B How do we show respect to other cultures? 第四课时(SectionB1a-1e) 分层作业 基础知识累积 词汇夯基 一、请根据所给的首字母、音标或汉语提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。 1. I don’t know ___ (是否) my uncle will come to my birthday party tomorrow or not. 2.I need some p________ (私人的) time to think about my future plans. 3. She was wearing a white b________ (衬衫或短上衣) and a blue skirt. 4.I wear a suit on formal o________ (场合). 5.The couple got m________ (结婚) last month. 6.You must know some c________ (风俗) before you go to the foreign countries. 7.Tom answеrеd thе tеachеr’s quеstions _____ /ˈnaɪsli/ in clаss tоdaу. 答案：1.whether 2.private 3.blouse 4.occasions 5.married 6.customs 7.nicely 二、根据语境，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 marry / whether / private / blouse / occasion / attend / nice 1. The pink   goes well with the grey trousers. 2. We all know that T-shirts are not suitable for a very formal   . 3. Many people want to know    AI can take the place of humans. 4. Alice decorated the birthday cake ____ with fresh fruits and colourful candles. 5. My parents got ___ twenty years ago, and they still love each other very much. 答案：1.blouse 2.occasion 3.whether 4.nicely 5.married 句型及短语聚焦 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.无论你爱不爱足球，都会对“苏超”感兴趣。 ________ or not, you’ll be interested in Jiangsu Football City League. 2.苏珊和汤姆两年前结婚了。 Susan ____ ____ ____Tom two years ago. 3. 但我的朋友见到我时看起来很惊讶！ But my friend ________ so ________ to see me! 4.第三，你应该总是尽量穿着得体。 Third, you should always try to ________ ________ ________ ________. 5.第四，除非你和别人很熟，否则最好不要问私人问题。 Fourth, it’s best not to ask ________ ________   unless you know the ________ ________.. 6.收到你的消息真是太好了。 It’s so great to ________ ________ you. 7. 很多法国人都相当注意隐私。 Many French people are ________ ________. 8.离开前，确保你用正确的方式告别。 Make sure you ________ ________ properly before leaving. 9. 学会餐桌礼仪能帮助我们更好地和外国朋友相处。 Learning table manners helps us ________ ________ __________foreign friends better. 10我们可以通过多交流来建立更亲密的关系。 We can ________ ________ ________ by communicating more. 答案：1.Whether you love soccer 2.got married to 3.looked surprised 4.dress for the occasion 5.personal questions person well 6.hear from 7.quite private 8.say good bye 9.get on/along with 10.develop closer relationships 应用素养提升 能力提升 四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 custom, marry, private, blouse whether, hear get, way,attend nicely Showing respect to other cultures is very important in our life. Last week, I__1_ from my pen pal Linda who lives in France. She told me many local __2__ about attending parties. When you _3____ a party in France, you should know some useful tips. First, you should dress __4__ for every occasion. You can wear a beautiful _5__ if you are a girl, but you can’t wear too casual clothes. Second, French people are very __6__, so you’d better not ask others ___7__ they are __8__ or how much money they make. These are not polite questions. It’s also necessary to learn __9___ along with people from different cultures. If you can speak a little of their language, it goes a long __10__ to make closer friends. To sum up, learning about foreign customs and using polite ways are the best ways to show our respect. 答案：1.heard 2.customs 3.attend 4.nicely 5. blouse 6.private 7.whether 8.married 9.to get 10.way 拓展培优 1、 阅读理解。 Parties are different in different cultures. They show people’s values. In Western parties, time rules are strict. For small parties, people often arrive 10‑15 minutes late. For big dinners, people come on time. People greet each other with handshakes, hugs or eye contact. They talk about relaxing things like hobbies and weather. In Chinese parties, people value punctuality too. But when greeting the old, young people bow slightly. At table, people care more about group harmony, not personal space. Both cultures have their own ways to say thanks. Westerners send thank‑you cards after parties. Chinese people may give small gifts like fruit to show thanks. Learning these differences helps build better cross‑cultural friendships. ()1. What do Westerners usually talk about at parties? A． Their jobs. B．The weather and hobbies. C．Their family problems. D．Cultural differences. ()2. The word “punctuality” probably means ________. A． 守时 B．自信 C．礼貌 D．开放 ()3. How do Chinese people show thanks after a party? A． By sending cards. B．By giving small gifts. B． By shaking hands. D．By sending emails. ()4. What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To teach us how to hold parties. B．To explain different party cultures. C．To tell us how to greet people. D．To show the importance of time. ()5.Which is the correct structure of the text? A．①‑②③‑④ B．①‑②‑③‑④ C．①②‑③‑④ D．①‑②③④ 答案【小题 1】B【小题 2】A【小题 3】B【小题 4】B【小题 5】A 导语:本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中西方派对在时间、礼仪、餐桌礼仪及致谢方式上的不同文化差异。 【小题 1】文章第二段最后一句 “They talk about relaxing things like hobbies and weather.” 指出，西方人在派对上通常谈论爱好和天气，故选 B。 【小题 2】文章第二段第一句 “In Western parties, time rules are strict.” 和第三段第一句 “In Chinese parties, people value punctuality too.” 指出，中西方派对都很看重时间规则，punctuality 的意思是 “守时”。 【小题 3】文章第四段第三句 “Chinese people may give small gifts like fruit to show thanks.” 指出，中国人在派对后会送小礼物表示感谢。 【小题 4】文章第一段总述派对反映文化价值观，第二段介绍西方派对文化，第三段介绍中国派对文化，第四段介绍表达感谢的方式并总结学习差异有助于建立跨文化友谊。全文旨在解释不同的派对文化。 【小题 5】文章①总起提出不同文化有不同派对；②③分别介绍西方和中国的派对文化；④总结全文。结构为①-②③-④。 三、阅读还原。阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余） Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some rules.     1    . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you hold chopsticks is important to avoid making others uncomfortable. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together.     2     Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.     3    . Instead, they prefer to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. Making Requests     4    . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem strange, but they are important in various countries.     5    . A．Mexicans consider it impolite to eat with utensils. B．It may seem like a small thing to ask for salt and pepper at a meal. C．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate. D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake when dining out. E．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you put them on the table. F．The more time you spend in a country, the more comfortable you will feel with its culture. 【答案】【小题 1】D【小题 2】E【小题 3】A【小题 4】B【小题 5】F 【详解】本文主要介绍了外出就餐时需要了解的一些重要文化餐饮礼节。 1. 根据上文可知，文化餐饮礼节中的一些规矩可能令人惊讶，选项 D “外出就餐时，别让人发现你犯了令人尴尬的错误。” 符合语境。故选 D。 2. 根据上文可知，本段讲的是使用筷子时需要注意的礼节，选项 E “用餐时切勿将它们竖直插在食物中，也不要在你把它们放在桌子上时交叉” 符合语境。故选 E。 3. 根据上下文可知，不同国家使用餐具的习惯不同，有些国家倾向于用餐具，有些国家倾向于用手，选项 A “墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不礼貌的” 符合语境。故选 A。 4. 根据小标题可知，本段和点餐时提出请求有关，选项 B “用餐时索要盐和胡椒看似是一件小事” 符合语境。故选 B。 5. 根据上文可知，文化餐饮礼节中的一些规矩可能看似奇怪，但在不同国家它们都很重要，选项 F “你在一个国家的时间越长，你就会对它的文化感到越舒适” 符合语境。故选 F。 思维创新 任务型阅读。 When I worked in the UK, I had a meal in an expensive restaurant. I saw a young couple come in with a small boy. They only ordered a piece of the cheapest beef steak. “Sir, Madam, anything else? One piece is not enough for three of you!” the waiter said. The dad was a little embarrassed. He said to the waiter, “Thanks. It’s enough. We just want to bring the guy to have beef steak, and we have finished supper.” I watched them for a while. Then I found that the parents not only took the boy to have beef steak, but also regarded it as a process of learning. The parents taught the kid how to use a knife and fork and told him some table manners. I’d like to become good friends with the family. Then I walked over to them and asked really politely, “May I treat each of you to a cup of coffee?” They accepted my coffee with a smile on their faces. I sat down at their table and we began to chat. “To be honest, we are very poor, so we can’t afford any expensive food at all. However, we have every confidence in our boy. Although he was born into a poor family, I believe he will achieve great success in the future. That’s why we teach him the good table manners now,” said the little boy’s father. “We hope our kid can be a person who respects himself and others.” After that, I believe that the family won’t be poor for a long time! 1.According to the passage, where did the writer have a meal with the family? (List one place, no more than 5 words, 2 points) __________________________________________________ 2-4. Fill in the blanks according to the passage. (1 point for 3; 2 points each for 2 & 4) Information about the family Details Reasons 2.The food they ordered Only a piece of the cheapest ______. (no more than 2 words) They were poor and had finished supper. 3.The parents taught the kid To use a knife and fork and learn ______. (no more than 3 words To make him polite and respectful. 4.The writer treated them A cup of _____. (no more than 2 words) He wanted to make friends with them. The family’s hope Their son can respect himself and ______. (no more than 2 words) They believe he will succeed later. 5.What’s your understanding of the family? Use your own words (no more than 20 words). _______________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1. In an expensive restaurant. 2.beef steak 3.table manners 4.coffee; others 5.They are poor but great parents with high hopes for their son. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $