精品解析：山东枣庄第十五中学2025-2026学年下学期八年级5月阶段测试英语试题

八年级英语单元素养监测 第一部分 听力（共四节，满分30分） 一、听力选择（1～20题，每题1.5分，共30分） 第一节 听下面5个句子。每个句子后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出与你所听句子相对应的答语。 1．A．It’s impolite. B．I’m afraid not. C．With both hands. 2．A．It’s blue. B．Eating with chopsticks. C．She likes music. 3．A．Tea. B．Football. C．Paintings. 4．A．That’s interesting! B．We’ll finish before 1 p.m. C．By shaking hands. 5．A．It’s boring. B．Yes, we should. C．At weekends. 第二节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 6．What do people in Mexico often do when greeting? A． B． C． 7．Where should you place your napkin（餐巾纸）if you leave the table during a meal? A．On the plate. B．On the table. C．On the chair. 8．When did Simon have the housewarming（乔迁）party? A．Last Monday. B．Last Tuesday. C．Last Thursday. 9．What should you do when receiving a gift in Korea? A．Open it at once. B．Wait to open it. C．Refuse it first. 10．What are the two speakers talking about? A．How to greet each other when people meet in Russia. B．How to get on well with people in Russia. C．How to make friends in Russia. 第三节 听下面两段对话。每段对话后有2到3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听下面一段对话，完成小题。 11．How does Tina feel when she gets the gift? A．She feels bored. B．She feels surprised. C．She feels worried. 12．Where is Tina now? A． B． C． 听下面一段对话，完成小题。 13．What is the girl going to do this Sunday? A．To join a club. B．To visit friends. C．To a dinner party. 14．What does the dinner start with according to the man? A．Some drink. B．A small dish. C．A fish. 15．Which behavior（行为）is polite at the dinner party? A．Leaving food on your plate. B．Speaking quietly and smiling. C．Drinking as much as you can. 第四节 听力填空 听下面一段短文，请根据所听到的内容，完成下面的填空。每空填一词。 The World Voice How often ________ a week. Topics Last week: Famous food around the world This week: Interesting New Year ________ Examples In Denmark（丹麦）, people jump off the chairs at midnight. They also ________ plates at their friends’ doors. Dutch（荷兰的）people light ________ under Christmas trees and eat something round together. In South America, some people wear bright-coloured clothes for good luck-red for love and yellow for ________ success. 第二部 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A A terrible storm hit a small village last week. It started suddenly at 2:00 p. m., with dark clouds covering the sky and strong winds howling. Though it only lasted for 30 minutes, the damage was shocking. The houses of five families fell down. The windows of many houses were broken. Trees were blown down and electricity lines were cut off. All the villagers had to live in the open air. Some of them had to sleep in tents. Food and drinking water became a big problem. The nearest supermarket was destroyed and the villagers had to go to the city center to buy food and water. Luckily, the government sent teams to help right away. They brought food, clean water and medicine. Workers started repairing houses and fixing electricity lines day and night. The army also arrived with dozens of new tents, helping villagers set them up neatly. Thanks to the government and the army, the villagers could live safely again. They were very thankful. 1. How long did the storm last? A. For 30 minutes. B. For 1 hour. C. For 2 hours. 2. What was the big problem for the villagers? A. They had no food and drinking water. B. Their houses were blown down. C. Their windows were broken. 3. Which of the following best describes the government? A. Slow and cold. B. Helpful and timely. C. Thankful and happy. B A flood disaster Place: Shuiyun Village Date: May 10th Weather: 8:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. 1:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m. The flood: The flood first appeared in the south of the village, and soon it covered the whole village. About 50 houses fell down and about 200 people lost their homes. 10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing. When the flood came: Mr Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. Mrs Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. Eric Smith was playing computer games. Annie Smith was playing the piano. Action: Policemen arrived there soon. People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Shuiyun Village. 4. When did the heavy rain start on May 10th? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening. 5. How many people lost their lives in the flood? A. 10. B. 15. C. 50. 6. Where did the flood first appear? A. In the north of the village. B. In the south of the village. C. In the centre of the village. 7. What can we know from the passage? A. People got no help from other places. B. People didn’t know the flood was coming. C. The flood brought little trouble to the village. C For centuries, China has been known as “a state of ceremony”, which means Liyi Zhibang. There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a classic example. Today, although Chinese people usually shake hands when meeting friends and relatives, people still make fist-and-palm salutes when they are paying a visit to someone during the Spring Festival or attending someone’s wedding or birthday party. The fist-and-palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, people had already performed it when meeting peers (同辈). In ancient times, if people met a stranger, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and their hands were always ready for holding any weapon (武器). Holding hands together pointed towards themselves was a gesture of saying “relax”, meaning “I’m not with any weapon and I’m not here to pick a fight”. Later, it became the etiquette when people met each other or showed thanks. So, how should people do the fist-and-palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. If you’re a man, make a fist (拳) with your right hand, then hold the right hand with your left hand in front of your chest, look at the person, raise both hands to the eyebrows (眉毛), bend down and shake hands gently three times. At the same time, you can also say some lucky greeting words. If you’re a woman, you should do it the other way which should be the right hand on the top. People may be more familiar with the hold-fist salute, called bao quan li in Chinese. It is widely used among the kung fu masters and students. This gesture is formed by holding the right fist first very tightly closed and covering it with the left hand open, and extending both arms a little forward in front of the chest. Make sure the left thumb (拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don’t point it at yourself, as it shows impoliteness. 8. What does the underlined word “etiquette” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Need. B. Manners. C. Dances. 9. Which picture shows the CORRECT way for women to do the fist-and-palm salute? A. B. C. 10. If Mike wants to do the hold-fist salute, he should ________. A. keep his right hand open B. put his right hand on his left hand C. not point his left thumb at himself 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. There are no standards for these two salutes. B. The fist-and-palm salute is more common in kung fu. C. These two salutes seem similar, but they are quite different. D ①In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Friday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school? Take a look. ②A stampede (踩踏) always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. ③When earthquakes (地震) happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling objects. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees, and power lines. ④When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but the smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air. ⑤Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. And next time, if something terrible happens, you can protect yourself successfully in the ways mentioned above. 12. What are the main accidents at school mentioned in the passage? A. Stampedes, earthquakes and floods. B. Earthquakes, fires and snowstorms. C. Stampedes, earthquakes and fires. 13. What should you do if you fall down in a stampede? A. Try to get up quickly. B. Move to one side and protect my head with my hands. C. Shout for help. 14. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1) A. B. C. 15. Which of the following sentences is NOT RIGHT about the fire accident? A. When there is a fire, leave the classroom quickly. B. Many people die in the fire because of the smoke. C. Stand straight and run out of the classroom. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的选项补全短文，选项中有一个多余选项。 Every year, when the Dragon Boat Festival comes, Chinese people often hang a kind of plant on the door. It is called wormwood (艾草). ____16____ On the other hand, its special smell can also keep insects (昆虫) away from rooms. In fact, wormwood tastes bitter (苦的) but smells very nice. ____17____ So it can be seen in Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》). This book is widely believed to be the classic of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The writer of the book is Li Shizhen. ____18____ Wormwood is famous for its ability (能力) to treat (治疗) a great number of illnesses. Hundreds of years later, in Qichun, Hubei Province, it is still working for people there. Recently, Qichun has been busy preparing for the World Wormwood Industry (工业) Show. ____19____ And it will be good for the popularity of TCM and the traditional Chinese culture. Wormwood has become the main industry in this place. ____20____ At the same time, wormwood is gradually known around the world as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. A. Wormwood can be eaten in many ways. B. It will be showed during the Dragon Boat Festival. C. He was a very famous TCM expert during the Ming Dynasty. D. Many years ago, people began to use wormwood as a kind of medicine. E. On the one hand, people believe that wormwood can take away bad luck. F. The life of people there is getting better and better by growing wormwood. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） When you visit a foreign country, it’s important to know about the local ____21____. For example, in Japan, people usually ____22____ to greet each other instead of shaking hands. In Brazil, people are very ____23____ and often hug when they meet friends. In some European countries, you should ____24____ your shoes before entering someone’s home. It’s also ____25____ to bring a small gift, like flowers or chocolate, when you are invited to a dinner. When you are eating, you shouldn’t ____26____ your elbows on the table. It’s considered rude. Also, you should wait for the host to start eating ____27____ you begin. Don’t ____28____ the food if you don’t like it; you can just say “It’s delicious, but I’m full”. Learning these customs can help you ____29____ misunderstandings and make your trip more _____30_____. Remember the rule: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 21. A. habits B. customs C. rules 22. A. bow B. hug C. shake 23. A. shy B. quiet C. outgoing 24. A. put on B. take off C. pick up 25. A. impolite B. strange C. polite 26. A. put B. make C. take 27. A. after B. before C. when 28. A. eat B. refuse C. accept 29. A. avoid B. have C. cause 30. A. difficult B. comfortable C. boring 第二节 (共10 小题,每小题1分，满分10 分) 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Hats have a long history in China, dating back thousands of years. In ancient times, people first wore hats to protect ___31___ (them) from the sun, wind and rain. These early hats were very simple, made of grass, animal skins or ___32___ (leaf). As time went by, hats ___33___ (become) more than just daily items. They turned into important symbols ___34___ social position, especially in feudal (封建的) society. Officials and nobles wore hats with different shapes and decorations ___35___ (show) their ranks (等级). For example, the mian guan, a special hat for ancient emperors, was very beautiful and showed the ___36___ (high) power. Common people usually wore simple cloth hats or straw hats. In different dynasties, hat styles changed ___37___ (great). Some were tall and straight, ___38___ others were soft and round. Many traditional Chinese hats, such as futou and bamboo hats, are still well-known today. Nowadays, Chinese hats mix traditional culture with modern fashion. They not only protect us ___39___ also carry rich ___40___ (culture) meanings. Wearing these hats helps us pass on China’s long history and traditions to the younger people. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 A bottle of water may not seem like much to you, but thousands of bottles will be of great help for people who live in drought－hit areas in China. In 2022, there was very little rain in Southwest China. Some places, especially in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou, experienced a serious drought. Crops died, the land cracked (裂开), and wells and rivers dried up. More than 20 million people were having difficulty in finding safe drinking water. After learning about the drought, many people around the country helped by giving water, money and other things. Every member of the Communist Youth League (共青团) and Young Pioneers (少先队) was encouraged to give one bottle of water to the drought-hit areas. Students in primary schools and middle schools quickly joined in the activity. In Yuhua Primary School in Xi’an, 900 students bought over 1, 000 bottles of water with their pocket money. They also wrote their wishes on the bottles. The serious drought has also made students realize the importance of saving water. Students from Nanshan Middle School in Huizhou, Guangdong, went on the street to tell people to take part in water-saving activities. “I’ve heard that some children in drought-hit areas don’t have enough drinking water. They have to drink muddy (含有泥土的) water. I feel really sad about that, ”said one student. “I decide to take a shower twice a week instead of every day to save water, ”he said. 41. Why did a serious drought happen in Southwest China? ________________________________ 42. What did the people in drought-hit areas need most? ________________________________ 43. What did people do after learning about the drought? ________________________________ 44. How much water did the students in Yuhua Primary School buy with their pocket money? ________________________________ 45. Do you save water in your daily life? What do you often do to save water? ________________________________ 第二节(满分20分) 46. 为了践行社会主义核心价值观，你校学生会决定举办以“文明礼仪伴我行（Civilization and etiquette with me）”为主题的英语征文比赛。请你根据下面思维导图的提示，写一篇英语短文参赛。 注意： 1．词数为 80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4．短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 As middle school students, we should have good manners. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级英语单元素养监测 第一部分 听力（共四节，满分30分） 一、听力选择（1～20题，每题1.5分，共30分） 第一节 听下面5个句子。每个句子后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出与你所听句子相对应的答语。 1．A．It’s impolite. B．I’m afraid not. C．With both hands. 2．A．It’s blue. B．Eating with chopsticks. C．She likes music. 3．A．Tea. B．Football. C．Paintings. 4．A．That’s interesting! B．We’ll finish before 1 p.m. C．By shaking hands. 5．A．It’s boring. B．Yes, we should. C．At weekends. 第二节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 6．What do people in Mexico often do when greeting? A． B． C． 7．Where should you place your napkin（餐巾纸）if you leave the table during a meal? A．On the plate. B．On the table. C．On the chair. 8．When did Simon have the housewarming（乔迁）party? A．Last Monday. B．Last Tuesday. C．Last Thursday. 9．What should you do when receiving a gift in Korea? A．Open it at once. B．Wait to open it. C．Refuse it first. 10．What are the two speakers talking about? A．How to greet each other when people meet in Russia. B．How to get on well with people in Russia. C．How to make friends in Russia. 第三节 听下面两段对话。每段对话后有2到3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听下面一段对话，完成小题。 11．How does Tina feel when she gets the gift? A．She feels bored. B．She feels surprised. C．She feels worried. 12．Where is Tina now? A． B． C． 听下面一段对话，完成小题。 13．What is the girl going to do this Sunday? A．To join a club. B．To visit friends. C．To a dinner party. 14．What does the dinner start with according to the man? A．Some drink. B．A small dish. C．A fish. 15．Which behavior（行为）is polite at the dinner party? A．Leaving food on your plate. B．Speaking quietly and smiling. C．Drinking as much as you can. 第四节 听力填空 听下面一段短文，请根据所听到的内容，完成下面的填空。每空填一词。 The World Voice How often ________ a week. Topics Last week: Famous food around the world This week: Interesting New Year ________ Examples In Denmark（丹麦）, people jump off the chairs at midnight. They also ________ plates at their friends’ doors. Dutch（荷兰的）people light ________ under Christmas trees and eat something round together. In South America, some people wear bright-coloured clothes for good luck-red for love and yellow for ________ success. 第二部 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A A terrible storm hit a small village last week. It started suddenly at 2:00 p. m., with dark clouds covering the sky and strong winds howling. Though it only lasted for 30 minutes, the damage was shocking. The houses of five families fell down. The windows of many houses were broken. Trees were blown down and electricity lines were cut off. All the villagers had to live in the open air. Some of them had to sleep in tents. Food and drinking water became a big problem. The nearest supermarket was destroyed and the villagers had to go to the city center to buy food and water. Luckily, the government sent teams to help right away. They brought food, clean water and medicine. Workers started repairing houses and fixing electricity lines day and night. The army also arrived with dozens of new tents, helping villagers set them up neatly. Thanks to the government and the army, the villagers could live safely again. They were very thankful. 1. How long did the storm last? A. For 30 minutes. B. For 1 hour. C. For 2 hours. 2. What was the big problem for the villagers? A. They had no food and drinking water. B. Their houses were blown down. C. Their windows were broken. 3. Which of the following best describes the government? A. Slow and cold. B. Helpful and timely. C. Thankful and happy. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文，主要讲述了一场风暴袭击小村庄后造成的破坏，以及政府和军队及时展开救援、帮助村民恢复生活的故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Though it only lasted for 30 minutes, the damage was shocking.”可知，这场风暴持续了30分钟。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Food and drinking water became a big problem.”可知，村民面临的一大问题是缺少食物和饮用水。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“the government sent teams to help right away. They brought food, clean water and medicine. Workers started repairing houses and fixing electricity lines day and night”可知，政府迅速行动，提供了物资并组织修复工作，体现了其乐于助人且及时的特点。故选B。 B A flood disaster Place: Shuiyun Village Date: May 10th Weather: 8:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. 1:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m. The flood: The flood first appeared in the south of the village, and soon it covered the whole village. About 50 houses fell down and about 200 people lost their homes. 10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing. When the flood came: Mr Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. Mrs Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. Eric Smith was playing computer games. Annie Smith was playing the piano. Action: Policemen arrived there soon. People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Shuiyun Village. 4. When did the heavy rain start on May 10th? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening. 5. How many people lost their lives in the flood? A. 10. B. 15. C. 50. 6. Where did the flood first appear? A. In the north of the village. B. In the south of the village. C. In the centre of the village. 7. What can we know from the passage? A. People got no help from other places. B. People didn’t know the flood was coming. C. The flood brought little trouble to the village. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要记录了5月10日水云村洪水灾害的相关信息，包括洪水蔓延情况、人员房屋损失、洪水来临时史密斯一家人的活动，以及警方和其他村庄民众开展救援帮扶的情况。 【4题详解】 根据“Weather”部分的图片可知，大雨是在5月10日下午3:00开始的。 【5题详解】 “The flood”部分指出“10 people died in the flood”，即10人在洪水中丧生。 【6题详解】 “The flood”部分指出“The flood first appeared in the south of the village”，明确表明洪水最先出现在村子南部。 【7题详解】 “When the flood came”部分指出“Mr Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. Mrs Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. Eric Smith was playing computer games. Annie Smith was playing the piano.”，洪水来临时，一家人都在进行日常活动，说明他们事先不知道洪水会来，没有提前准备好。 C For centuries, China has been known as “a state of ceremony”, which means Liyi Zhibang. There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a classic example. Today, although Chinese people usually shake hands when meeting friends and relatives, people still make fist-and-palm salutes when they are paying a visit to someone during the Spring Festival or attending someone’s wedding or birthday party. The fist-and-palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, people had already performed it when meeting peers (同辈). In ancient times, if people met a stranger, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and their hands were always ready for holding any weapon (武器). Holding hands together pointed towards themselves was a gesture of saying “relax”, meaning “I’m not with any weapon and I’m not here to pick a fight”. Later, it became the etiquette when people met each other or showed thanks. So, how should people do the fist-and-palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. If you’re a man, make a fist (拳) with your right hand, then hold the right hand with your left hand in front of your chest, look at the person, raise both hands to the eyebrows (眉毛), bend down and shake hands gently three times. At the same time, you can also say some lucky greeting words. If you’re a woman, you should do it the other way which should be the right hand on the top. People may be more familiar with the hold-fist salute, called bao quan li in Chinese. It is widely used among the kung fu masters and students. This gesture is formed by holding the right fist first very tightly closed and covering it with the left hand open, and extending both arms a little forward in front of the chest. Make sure the left thumb (拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don’t point it at yourself, as it shows impoliteness. 8. What does the underlined word “etiquette” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Need. B. Manners. C. Dances. 9. Which picture shows the CORRECT way for women to do the fist-and-palm salute? A. B. C. 10. If Mike wants to do the hold-fist salute, he should ________. A. keep his right hand open B. put his right hand on his left hand C. not point his left thumb at himself 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. There are no standards for these two salutes. B. The fist-and-palm salute is more common in kung fu. C. These two salutes seem similar, but they are quite different. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国两种传统礼仪——拱手礼和抱拳礼的历史渊源、正确做法及两者之间的区别，展现了中国作为“礼仪之邦”的文化底蕴。 【8题详解】 第一段中提到“There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute was quite a classic example.”，拱手礼是一种经典的问候礼仪，因此“etiquette”意为“礼仪、礼节”，与Manners同义。 【9题详解】 第三段明确指出：“If you’re a woman, you should do it the other way which should be the right hand on the top.”，即女性做拱手礼时应右手在上、左手在下，A选项符合此描述。 【10题详解】 第四段最后一句提到：“Make sure the left thumb is close to the index finger and don’t point it at yourself, as it shows impoliteness.”，因此做抱拳礼时左手拇指不应指向自己，否则不礼貌。 【11题详解】 全文围绕两种salute展开：第二段讲拱手礼的历史，第三段讲拱手礼的做法，第四段讲抱拳礼的做法和注意事项。两者外形相似但做法、场合、规则均不同（如女性拱手礼右手在上，抱拳礼则需注意拇指方向），因此C选项“这两种礼看似相似，实则大不相同”正确。 D ①In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Friday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school? Take a look. ②A stampede (踩踏) always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. ③When earthquakes (地震) happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling objects. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees, and power lines. ④When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but the smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air. ⑤Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. And next time, if something terrible happens, you can protect yourself successfully in the ways mentioned above. 12. What are the main accidents at school mentioned in the passage? A. Stampedes, earthquakes and floods. B. Earthquakes, fires and snowstorms. C. Stampedes, earthquakes and fires. 13. What should you do if you fall down in a stampede? A. Try to get up quickly. B. Move to one side and protect my head with my hands. C. Shout for help. 14. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1) A. B. C. 15. Which of the following sentences is NOT RIGHT about the fire accident? A. When there is a fire, leave the classroom quickly. B. Many people die in the fire because of the smoke. C. Stand straight and run out of the classroom. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了校园中常见的三种事故（踩踏、地震、火灾）及其应对方法。 【12题详解】 原文第⑤段第一句“Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school.” 直接说明主要事故是踩踏、地震和火灾，对应选项C。 【13题详解】 原文第②段中“If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around.” 跌倒时应移向一侧并护住头部，对应选项B。 【14题详解】 文本结构为：第①段总述校园安全教育及事故类型；第②③④段分别说明踩踏、地震、火灾的应对措施；第⑤段总结。因此结构为“总分总”。对应选项C。 【15题详解】 原文第④段提到“when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor”，而选项C“Stand straight and run out of the classroom”与原文相反，因此C错误。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的选项补全短文，选项中有一个多余选项。 Every year, when the Dragon Boat Festival comes, Chinese people often hang a kind of plant on the door. It is called wormwood (艾草). ____16____ On the other hand, its special smell can also keep insects (昆虫) away from rooms. In fact, wormwood tastes bitter (苦的) but smells very nice. ____17____ So it can be seen in Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》). This book is widely believed to be the classic of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The writer of the book is Li Shizhen. ____18____ Wormwood is famous for its ability (能力) to treat (治疗) a great number of illnesses. Hundreds of years later, in Qichun, Hubei Province, it is still working for people there. Recently, Qichun has been busy preparing for the World Wormwood Industry (工业) Show. ____19____ And it will be good for the popularity of TCM and the traditional Chinese culture. Wormwood has become the main industry in this place. ____20____ At the same time, wormwood is gradually known around the world as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. A. Wormwood can be eaten in many ways. B. It will be showed during the Dragon Boat Festival. C. He was a very famous TCM expert during the Ming Dynasty. D. Many years ago, people began to use wormwood as a kind of medicine. E. On the one hand, people believe that wormwood can take away bad luck. F. The life of people there is getting better and better by growing wormwood. 【答案】16. E 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了端午节时中国人常在门上挂艾草的习俗，介绍了艾草的作用、药用价值、相关活动以及对当地的影响，还提到艾草逐渐在世界范围内作为中药被知晓。 【16题详解】 前文提到中国人常在门上挂艾草，后文提到另一方面艾草的特殊气味能驱虫，此处需引出挂艾草的一个方面作用，E项“On the one hand, people believe that wormwood can take away bad luck.”从一方面阐述了挂艾草的作用，与后文“On the other hand”相呼应，逻辑连贯。 【17题详解】 前文提到艾草味苦但气味好闻，后文提到所以它能在《本草纲目》中出现，此处需要说明艾草和《本草纲目》的关联，D项“Many years ago, people began to use wormwood as a kind of medicine.”表明艾草作为药用，所以能出现在医书中，符合语境。 【18题详解】 前文提到《本草纲目》的作者是李时珍，此处需要补充关于李时珍的信息，C项“He was a very famous TCM expert during the Ming Dynasty.”介绍了李时珍是明朝著名的中医专家，符合语境。 【19题详解】 前文提到蕲春正忙着准备世界艾草产业展，此处需要说明展会的时间等信息，B项“It will be showed during the Dragon Boat Festival.”说明了展会将在端午节期间举办，符合语境。 【20题详解】 前文提到艾草已成为当地的主要产业，此处需要说明艾草产业对当地的影响，F项“The life of people there is getting better and better by growing wormwood.”表明当地人通过种植艾草生活越来越好，符合语境。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） When you visit a foreign country, it’s important to know about the local ____21____. For example, in Japan, people usually ____22____ to greet each other instead of shaking hands. In Brazil, people are very ____23____ and often hug when they meet friends. In some European countries, you should ____24____ your shoes before entering someone’s home. It’s also ____25____ to bring a small gift, like flowers or chocolate, when you are invited to a dinner. When you are eating, you shouldn’t ____26____ your elbows on the table. It’s considered rude. Also, you should wait for the host to start eating ____27____ you begin. Don’t ____28____ the food if you don’t like it; you can just say “It’s delicious, but I’m full”. Learning these customs can help you ____29____ misunderstandings and make your trip more _____30_____. Remember the rule: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 21. A. habits B. customs C. rules 22. A. bow B. hug C. shake 23. A. shy B. quiet C. outgoing 24. A. put on B. take off C. pick up 25. A. impolite B. strange C. polite 26. A. put B. make C. take 27. A. after B. before C. when 28. A. eat B. refuse C. accept 29. A. avoid B. have C. cause 30. A. difficult B. comfortable C. boring 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家的见面、做客和餐桌礼仪，告诉我们出国旅行时要了解当地习俗，做到入乡随俗。 【21题详解】 句意：当你去国外旅行时，了解当地的习俗很重要。 后文讲的是各国见面礼仪、做客礼仪等社交习惯，customs特指“（社会）习俗、礼仪”，是全文的核心主题，且文末也出现了these customs呼应。habits“个人习惯”、rules“规则”，均不符合“各国社交礼仪”的语境。 【22题详解】 句意：例如在日本，人们通常鞠躬互相问候，而不是握手。 bow意为“鞠躬”，是日本传统的见面礼仪，符合后文“instead of shaking hands‘而非握手’”的语境，契合日本社交礼仪的常识。hug“拥抱”、shake“摇晃”不符合日本礼仪。 【23题详解】 句意：在巴西，人们很外向，见到朋友时经常拥抱。 outgoing意为“外向的、开朗的”，和后文“often hug when they meet friends”的热情行为完全对应，符合巴西人的性格特点。shy“害羞的”、quiet“安静的”，均与“见面拥抱”的热情行为矛盾，不符合语境。 【24题详解】 句意：在一些欧洲国家，进入别人家前你应该脱掉鞋子。 take off表示“脱下（衣物、鞋）”，符合“进门脱鞋”的礼仪。put on“穿上”语义完全相反；pick up“捡起”与“脱鞋”的动作无关，不符合文意。 【25题详解】 句意：当你被邀请去吃晚餐时，带一份小礼物（比如花或巧克力）也是礼貌的。 带礼物是礼貌行为，polite“礼貌的”符合语境。impolite“不礼貌的”、strange“奇怪的”语义不符合礼仪逻辑。 【26题详解】 句意：吃饭时，你不应该把胳膊肘放在桌子上。 put...on the table意为“把……放在桌子上”，符合“吃饭时胳膊肘不能搭在桌上”的餐桌礼仪常识，契合语境。make“制作”、take“拿走”均无法构成符合文意的搭配，不符合语境。 【27题详解】 句意：而且，在你开始吃之前，应该等主人先开动。 西方餐桌礼仪要求等主人先动手，before“在……之前”，符合逻辑。after“在……之后”逻辑完全相反；when“当……时”均无法体现“先等主人、再自己开动”的先后顺序，不符合礼仪逻辑。 【28题详解】 句意：如果你不喜欢食物，不要拒绝；你可以说“很美味，但我饱了”。 后文给出了委婉拒绝的说法，说明不能直接拒绝食物，refuse“拒绝”符合语境。eat“吃”、accept“接受”语义完全相反，不符合文意。 【29题详解】 句意：学习这些习俗可以帮你避免误解，并且让你的旅行更加舒适。 avoid misunderstandings “避免误解”，符合“入乡随俗、了解当地习俗”的目的，契合语境。have“有”、 cause“导致”语义完全相反，不符合文意。 【30题详解】 句意：学习这些习俗可以帮你避免误解，并且让你的旅行更加舒适。 入乡随俗能让旅行更顺利、减少尴尬，comfortable意为“舒适的、愉快的”，符合语境。difficult“困难的”、boring“无聊的”语义完全相反，不符合文意。 第二节 (共10 小题,每小题1分，满分10 分) 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Hats have a long history in China, dating back thousands of years. In ancient times, people first wore hats to protect ___31___ (them) from the sun, wind and rain. These early hats were very simple, made of grass, animal skins or ___32___ (leaf). As time went by, hats ___33___ (become) more than just daily items. They turned into important symbols ___34___ social position, especially in feudal (封建的) society. Officials and nobles wore hats with different shapes and decorations ___35___ (show) their ranks (等级). For example, the mian guan, a special hat for ancient emperors, was very beautiful and showed the ___36___ (high) power. Common people usually wore simple cloth hats or straw hats. In different dynasties, hat styles changed ___37___ (great). Some were tall and straight, ___38___ others were soft and round. Many traditional Chinese hats, such as futou and bamboo hats, are still well-known today. Nowadays, Chinese hats mix traditional culture with modern fashion. They not only protect us ___39___ also carry rich ___40___ (culture) meanings. Wearing these hats helps us pass on China’s long history and traditions to the younger people. 【答案】31. themselves 32. leaves 33. became 34. of 35. to show 36. highest 37. greatly 38. while 39. but 40. cultural 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了帽子在中国有着悠久的历史，介绍了古代帽子的用途、象征意义以及不同朝代帽子的风格变化，还提到如今中国帽子融合了传统文化与现代时尚，承载着丰富意义并能传承历史和传统。 【31题详解】 句意：在古代，人们首先戴帽子是为了保护自己免受日晒、风吹和雨淋。“protect oneself from...”表示“保护自己免受……”，这里指人们保护自己，应用them的反身代词themselves。 【32题详解】 句意：这些早期的帽子非常简单，由草、动物皮或树叶制成。“leaf”是可数名词，此处与“grass, animal skins”并列，应用复数形式leaves。 【33题详解】 句意：随着时间的推移，帽子不仅仅是日常用品了。根据“As time went by”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，become的过去式是became。 【34题详解】 句意：它们变成了社会地位的重要象征。“symbols of...”表示“……的象征”，这里用of表示所属关系。 【35题详解】 句意：官员和贵族戴着不同形状和装饰的帽子来显示他们的等级。“wore hats with different shapes and decorations”的目的是“show their ranks”，应用动词不定式to show作目的状语。 【36题详解】 句意：例如，古代皇帝的特殊帽子冕冠非常漂亮，显示了最高的权力。根据“the mian guan, a special hat for ancient emperors”可知，皇帝的帽子显示的是最高权力，应用high的最高级highest。 【37题详解】 句意：在不同的朝代，帽子的风格发生了很大的变化。“changed”是动词，应用副词greatly修饰，表示“极大地变化”。 【38题详解】 句意：有些帽子又高又直，而有些则又软又圆。“Some were tall and straight”和“others were soft and round”是两种不同情况的对比，应用while连接，表示“然而”。 【39题详解】 句意：它们不仅能保护我们，还承载着丰富的文化意义。“not only...but also...”表示“不但……而且……”，是固定搭配。 【40题详解】 句意：它们不仅能保护我们，还承载着丰富的文化意义。“meanings”是名词，前面应用形容词cultural修饰，表示“文化意义”。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 A bottle of water may not seem like much to you, but thousands of bottles will be of great help for people who live in drought－hit areas in China. In 2022, there was very little rain in Southwest China. Some places, especially in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou, experienced a serious drought. Crops died, the land cracked (裂开), and wells and rivers dried up. More than 20 million people were having difficulty in finding safe drinking water. After learning about the drought, many people around the country helped by giving water, money and other things. Every member of the Communist Youth League (共青团) and Young Pioneers (少先队) was encouraged to give one bottle of water to the drought-hit areas. Students in primary schools and middle schools quickly joined in the activity. In Yuhua Primary School in Xi’an, 900 students bought over 1, 000 bottles of water with their pocket money. They also wrote their wishes on the bottles. The serious drought has also made students realize the importance of saving water. Students from Nanshan Middle School in Huizhou, Guangdong, went on the street to tell people to take part in water-saving activities. “I’ve heard that some children in drought-hit areas don’t have enough drinking water. They have to drink muddy (含有泥土的) water. I feel really sad about that, ”said one student. “I decide to take a shower twice a week instead of every day to save water, ”he said. 41. Why did a serious drought happen in Southwest China? ________________________________ 42. What did the people in drought-hit areas need most? ________________________________ 43. What did people do after learning about the drought? ________________________________ 44. How much water did the students in Yuhua Primary School buy with their pocket money? ________________________________ 45. Do you save water in your daily life? What do you often do to save water? ________________________________ 【答案】41. Because there was very little rain. 42. Safe drinking water. 43. Many people around the country helped by giving water, money and other things. 44. They bought over 1, 000 bottles of water with their pocket money/Over 1, 000 bottles of water. 45. Yes. I use the water used for washing vegetables to water flowers. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国西南地区遭受旱灾后遇上饮用水缺乏的难题，全国各地的人们热心捐赠饮用水，并意识到了节约用水的重要性。 【41题详解】 根据第二段“In 2022, there was very little rain in Southwest China....experienced a serious drought.”，可知是因为降雨量太少，故填Because there was very little rain. 【42题详解】 根据第二段“More than 20 million people were having difficulty in finding safe drinking water.”，可知灾区人民最需要的是安全的饮用水，故填Safe drinking water. 【43题详解】 根据第三段“After learning about the drought, many people around the country helped by giving water, money and other things.”，可知大家捐水、捐钱和其他物资，故填Many people around the country helped by giving water, money and other things. 【44题详解】 根据第四段“In Yuhua Primary School in Xi’an, 900 students bought over 1, 000 bottles of water with their pocket money. ”，可知他们买了1000多瓶水，故填They bought over 1,000 bottles of water with their pocket money last week/ Over 1,000 bottles of water. 【45题详解】 开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案Yes. I use the water used for washing vegetables to water flowers. 第二节(满分20分) 46. 为了践行社会主义核心价值观，你校学生会决定举办以“文明礼仪伴我行（Civilization and etiquette with me）”为主题的英语征文比赛。请你根据下面思维导图的提示，写一篇英语短文参赛。 注意： 1．词数为 80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4．短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 As middle school students, we should have good manners. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 【答案】例文： As middle school students, we should have good manners. First, it’s necessary for us to respect our parents and teachers. We can help our parents do some housework. Second, we should be polite to others and help others. I often explain math problems to my classmates. Third, we should protect the environment. Fourth, we should save food and water. Don’t take more food than we need and remember to turn off the tap. Last but not least, we should pay attention to our behavior in public. Don’t speak loudly, and never throw litter around. In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：主题倡议类议论文，用一般现在时为主，兼顾情态动词（should/can） 明确要点：五个行为准则（尊敬父母老师、对人礼貌助人、保护环境、节约粮食和水、待补充如公共行为规范等） 确定人称：第一人称（we/I） 注意事项：词数80左右，开头结尾已给出不计入总词数，不得出现真实姓名与学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 总分总结构： 开头段：已给出，引出主题“作为中学生应有好习惯” 主体段：用First/Second/Third/Fourth/Last but not least逐条展开五个要点 结尾段：已给出，总结升华 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：尊敬父母和老师 表达方式：it’s necessary for us to respect our parents and teachers/we should show respect to.../we ought to listen to...等 具体做法：help our parents do some housework/say thank you/listen carefully in class等 要点二：对他人有礼貌并帮助他人 表达方式：we should be polite to others and help others/it’s kind to.../we can offer help to...等 具体做法：I often explain math problems to my classmates/help old people cross the road/share umbrellas with others等 要点三：保护环境 表达方式：we should protect the environment/it’s our duty to.../we must keep...clean等 具体做法：don’t throw litter around/plant trees/ride bikes instead of driving等 要点四：节约粮食和水 表达方式：we should save food and water/don’t waste.../remember to...等 具体做法：Don’t take more food than we need and remember to turn off the tap/finish all the food on the plate/take shorter showers等 要点五：公共行为规范（待补充框） 表达方式：we should pay attention to our behavior in public/it’s important to.../we mustn’t...等 具体做法：Don’t speak loudly, and never throw litter around/wait in line/be quiet in the library等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $