专题07 阅读理解20篇（说明文）（期末真题汇编，湖南专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 该高二期末阅读理解专题汇编含15篇说明文，主题涵盖科技前沿（如基因编辑水稻、嫦娥六号）、社会热点（低空空域经济、狗狗探测入侵物种）及文化传承（岳阳楼、太极），通过60道选择题考查细节理解、推理判断等能力，情境真实且贴近时代。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|60题|细节理解（如“新水稻品种特点”）、词义猜测（如“utilization”）、推理判断（如“狗狗探测优势”）、主旨大意（如“低空空域经济意义”）|情境具时代性（嫦娥六号、AI心理健康诊断），问题设计有层次（基础细节到深层推理），适配高二期末语言能力与思维品质考查需求|

专题07 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Scott Cooper is a 66-ycar-old Australian with dementia (痴呆症). Every day, he struggles with forgetting where he puts his keys and sometimes can’t even recognize the faces of his dearest friends. But he refuses to let this tough condition stop him from exploring the world! He and his wife Jill take regular trips — twice a year. “Traveling helps me keep enjoying life,” Scott said. “Although it can be tiring sometimes, these new experiences make my mind and body active.” Scientists predict that by 2050, around 153 million people globally will suffer from dementia. However, a recent study interviewing over a hundred dementia patients in China, reveals that travel can significantly benefit these patients. The new sights, smells, tastes, and social interactions during travel offer crucial cognitive and sensory stimulation. According to Jun Wen, a tourism lecturer at Edith Cowan University and researcher, the expectation and planning in tourism stimulate brain function. Meanwhile, the exercise often aligns with dementia treatment plans. Warren Harding, a dementia care professor, adds that travel helps patients build confidence, trigger memories, and gain independence, serving as a valuable addition to non-drug treatments by offering emotional and social benefits. Around the world, countries are introducing creative programs to make travel more accessible for people with dementia. In Western Australia, over 20 venues host “memory café” events, where patients socialize over morning tea. Near Melbourne, Australia’s first dementia-friendly sensory path winds through a forest. These diverse efforts collectively represent a growing global trend. By focusing on the unique needs of dementia patients, these actions not only enhance the travel experience for this community but also set an example for more friendly and caring tourism worldwide. In years to come, aged care experts hope people like Scott and Jill Cooper can holiday with greater case, creating memories from travel, no matter how long they last. 1．Why is Scott Cooper’s story mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To promote his way of life. B．To show his passion for travel. C．To reveal a potential treatment for dementia. D．To reflect his tough condition with dementia. 2．What might benefit patients with dementia during travel according to the study? A．Chatting with locals. B．Recalling fond memories. C．Enjoying favourite foods. D．Admiring familiar scenery. 3．What do the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．conflicts with B．agrees with C．contrasts with D．deals with 4．What can we know about the dementia-friendly travel programs? A．They make it accessible to travel in Australia. B．They meet dementia patients’ medication needs. C．They improve travel experience and global tourism. D．They help dementia patients create long-term memories. Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）A research team led by Academicians Chen Xiaoya and Gao Caixia from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made a significant breakthrough. They have successfully cultivated the world’s first new rice variety capable of producing coenzyme Q10. This achievement was published in the international journal Cell, marking an important step forward in agricultural science. Coenzyme Q10 plays a crucial role in the energy metabolism (新陈代谢) of human cells. It has antioxidant properties and can protect heart health. As people age, the body’s ability to produce coenzyme Q10 decreases. Traditional rice mainly produces coenzyme Q9, which is different from the coenzyme Q10 our bodies need. To solve this problem, the research team spent several years exploring. They first studied the developmental history of coenzyme Q, then used machine learning to analyze the Coq1 enzyme in plants. Finally, they applied gene-editing technology to rice and successfully created the new variety. In this new rice variety, the coenzyme Q10 content in the leaves and grains reaches 75% of the total coenzyme Q. In the grains, its content is 5 micrograms per gram, and the rice yield has not decreased. This research demonstrates China’s strength in cultivating functional crops and promotes global thinking on nutrition improvement. Scientists plan to further study the application of coenzyme Q10 in agriculture. This achievement not only benefits global food security but also provides new ways to improve people’s diet and health. It also shows the potential of gene-editing technology in changing the future pattern of agriculture. 1．What is the special feature of the new rice variety? A．It has a higher output. B．It has a shorter growth cycle. C．It has lower requirements for soil. D．It can produce a crucial nutrient. 2．Why did the research team focus on coenzyme Q10? A．Because it is easy to produce. B．Because it helps to maintain cell vigor. C．Because it can greatly increase the rice yield. D．Because it is widely present in various foods. 3．Which step is not included in cultivating the new rice variety? A．Analyzing the Coq1 enzyme. B．Applying gene-editing technology. C．Exploring traditional farming methods. D．Studying the evolution of coenzyme Q. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The application of the research. B．The concern about food security. C．The future pattern of agriculture. D．The significance of this research. Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）Wild African elephants have the rare ability to address each other with name-like calls, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. This discovery was made by researchers from Colorado State University (CSU), who used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contain a name-like component that identifies the intended recipient. The researchers played back recorded calls to some elephants and found that the animals reacted favorably to the calls addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. The behaviors had been suspected based on previous observations, but the new study provided concrete evidence. Lead author Michael Pardo explained that while dolphins and parrots call each other by “name” through imitation (模仿) of the addressee’s signature call, elephants do not rely on imitation. Instead, their method is more similar to how human names function, suggesting a capacity for abstract thought. Co-author George Wittemyer emphasized the significance of arbitrary (任意的) vocal labels, which indicate advanced cognitive skills. Arbitrary communication, where a sound represents an idea without imitating it, greatly expands communication capability. This ability is uncommon among animals but is necessary for identifying individuals by name. The study spanned four years and included 14 months of intensive fieldwork in Kenya. The researchers followed elephants in vehicles, recording their vocalizations. They captured about 470 distinct calls in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park. The research revealed that elephants, like humans, do not always address each other by name in conversation. Naming was more common over long distances or when adults were talking to calves. Wittemyer noted that the study provides insight into possible drivers of why humans evolved these abilities. The research also strengthens the case for elephant conservation, as elephants are classified as endangered due to poaching (偷猎) for their ivory tusks and habitat loss from development. Understanding their communication could help reduce conflicts with humans, making it easier to coexist with these large and sometimes destructive animals. 1．How did the elephants deal with the recorded calls? A．They stayed away from them. B．They ignored them purposely. C．They imitated them like human. D．They responded to them positively. 2．What can we know about the elephants’ name-like calls? A．They are common in the wild. B．They sound like human names. C．They are the same to those of dolphins. D．They show the elephants’ thinking ability. 3．Which of the following can best describe the process of the study? A．Efficient. B．Interesting. C．Tough. D．Unreliable. 4．What can the study contribute to? A．Developing habitats. B．Protecting elephants. C．Stopping poaching. D．Classifying danger. Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Yueyang Tower is one of the three famous towers in Jiangnan China. It has existed for almost two thousand years, so, we’re talking some real ancient history here. Many literati through history, especially Tang Dynasty poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu, described Yueyang Tower, making it exceptionally well-known throughout China. In the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan wrote a memorial for the restored Yueyang Tower, and since then the name of the tower has been forever remembered in Chinese culture. Yueyang Tower has been repaired and rebuilt many times. The existing main building has three floors decorated with cornices (飞檐), Ruyi Arch wooden architecture, and a helmet roof, which is really unmistakably Chinese style. The building is entirely constructed from wood using Chinese traditional mortise and tenon technology (榫卯技术), so the whole building does not use a single iron nail, brick or cement. On the first to third floors of Yueyang Tower, there are carved screens of “The Yueyang Tower” as well as poems couplets, carvings, etc, related to Yucyang Tower, including handwritten works by Mao Zedong and Li Bai. Climbing up to the third floor and leaning against the railing, one can see Dongting Lake from afar, where the water and the sky merge into one color and the wind and moon are boundless. Today I’ve taken you on a journey through time and space in Yueyang Tower. So why don’t you come and see it for yourselves? 1．What can we learn about Yueyang Tower? A．It has a history of over 2,000 years. B．It enjoys high reputation in Chinese culture. C．It became well-known for Tang Dynasty poets. D．It was restored by Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty. 2．What is special with the main building? A．It is partly built with wood. B．It displays a typical Chinese style. C．It is built with iron nails, bricks and cement. D．It houses carved screens by Mao Zedong and Li Bai. 3．What is the aim of this passage? A．To show the popularity of Yueyang Tower. B．To do a scientific research of Yueyang Tower. C．To recommend Yueyang Tower as a place of interest. D．To emphasize the importance of protecting Yueyang Tower. Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南郴州·期末）From sniffing out rare species to tracking down poachers, dogs aid conservation efforts in a surprising variety of ways. And a growing list of successes shows how our best friends’ legendary noses can be an especially powerful weapon in the battle against invasive (入侵的) organisms. Lately dogs have proved to be particularly useful friends against one unwelcome guest: spotted lanternflies (斑衣蜡蝉). Native to Asia, these insects were seen in Pennsylvania in 2014 and soon spread across the eastern and central U.S. The species is especially threatening to vineyards (葡萄园), as it can severely damage grapevines over time. Getting rid of that invasion early on is important. But that also means finding and destroying spotted lanternfly egg masses, whose light-brown, dirtlike appearance makes them extremely difficult to see. For a recent study, Fuller and her team compared dogs with humans at finding spotted lanternfly eggs. Humans did better within the vineyards, where they could search systematically up and down the vines — but the dogs detected over three times more egg masses in nearby forested areas. Fuller suggests that dogs could also be more effective in vineyards with lower-level invasions, catching the smell in large areas that would be too time-consuming for humans to search. According to Ngaio Richards, an ecologist at the University of Florida, this is an ever expanding field of research — and practical use. “Worldwide, detection dog teams are being integrated into efforts to deter, monitor and fight the presence of invasive species,” she says, from insects and plants to fish and mammals. In North America, trained dogs inspect watercraft to detect invasive mussels before they catch a ride to new waters. In Montana, dogs identify dyer’s woad, an invasive plant that can harm native vegetation and is hard for humans to detect during parts of its life cycle. “Dogs tend to be an excellent real-time detector that is hard to match,” says Hall, an animal behaviorist at Texas Tech University. “I think there is a capacity for broader use.” 1．Why are the spotted lanternfly eggs hard to find? A．They are in earthy color. B．They are too small to see. C．They only exist in forests. D．They are buried underground. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Dogs detect the smell effectively in large areas. B．Systematic searches are dogs’ main strength. C．Humans outperform dogs in all environments. D．Dogs rely on vision to find eggs in forests. 3．Why does the author mention trained dogs in North America? A．To criticize human inefficiency in monitoring boats. B．To highlight dogs’ ability to protect endangered mussels. C．To illustrate dogs’ diverse roles in detecting invasive organisms. D．To emphasize the danger of watercraft spreading invasive species. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Human-Dog Teamwork B．Saving Vineyards with Dogs C．Dog Noses: Fighting Invasives D．Dogs Fighting Against Organisms Passage 6 （2025高二下·湖南郴州·期末）The far side of the moon has been a point of fascination for scientists since they first peered at it in black and white images captured in 1959 — and realized how different it was from the side facing Earth. The far side appeared to show a record of impact — covered in craters (坑) of different sizes and ages. Decades later, and some five years since the Chang’e-4 mission made China the first and only country to complete a soft landing on the far side, scientists both from China and around the world have high hopes for the information that can be collected from the samples. “It’s a gold mine,” said James Head, a professor of planetary geosciences at Brown University, who together with European scientists, collaborated with Chinese scientists analyzing samples from the Chang’e-5 mission that returned near-side samples. “International scientists are totally excited about the mission,” he said. Experts say analysis of the composition and physical properties of the samples could help advance efforts to learn how to use resources on the moon for future lunar and space exploration. “The Chang’e-6 mission is focused on answering specific scientific questions, but the lunar soils collected from the mission can also support future resource utilization,” said Yuqi Qian, a planetary geologist at the University of Hong Kong. Lunar soil could be used for 3-D printing to produce bricks for construction of research bases on the moon, while some scientists were already working on finding more economical and practical technologies to extract gases like Helium-3, oxygen and hydrogen from the soil, which could support further lunar exploration, he said. Once they receive the samples, Chinese scientists are expected to share data and carry out joint research with international partners, before Beijing later opens the samples for access by international teams, according to statements from CNSA officials. 1．What do we know about the far side of the moon? A．It lacks craters made by impacts. B．China is the first country to land on it. C．The far side of the moon faces the earth. D．It is smoother and less impacted than the near side. 2．What is the main mission of Chang’e-5? A．Landing on the far side to study resource use. B．Producing bricks using far-side lunar materials. C．Extracting Helium-3 from lunar soil for energy. D．Collecting samples from the near side of the moon. 3．What does the underlined word “utilization” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Usage. B．Collection. C．Management. D．Conservation. 4．What does the text emphasize about China’s lunar missions? A．Their competition with other space agencies. B．Their focus on the discovery of lunar resources. C．Their role in promoting global scientific cooperation. D．Their exploration of ancient life traces on the moon. Passage 7 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）To the delight of bookworms, anyone who has ever told you burying your head in a book means you’re being unsociable will have to eat their words. A new study suggests those who regularly read, especially fiction, are actually nicer and more empathetic (善解人意的) people. The study, carried out by Kingston University London, and presented at the British Psychological Society conference in Brighton, UK, last week, also found that those who just watched television seemed to be less kind and understanding of other people. For the study, the researchers questioned 123 people on their preferences for books, TV shows, and plays. They were also quizzed about the type of entertainment they preferred from comedy or romance to drama. Then they were tested on their interpersonal skills. The researchers asked them about their behavior towards others, whether they understood and respected others’ points of view, and whether they actively helped other people. Drawing on these response sheets, the researchers found some mind-boggling results. They discovered that those who read more showed greater positive social behavior and a better ability to empathize with others, while those who preferred watching TV didn’t show the same ability to empathize and were more likely to show unsociable behavior. They also found the forms of fiction people preferred were linked to their interpersonal skills and behavior. Those who preferred fiction displayed the most positive social skills. Romance and drama lovers showed the ability to see others’ points of view, while comedy fans were particularly able to relate to others the most. The researchers concluded that those who read fiction regularly are more well-adapted to see things from other people’s points of view, which makes them better at understanding people. However, they do acknowledge that their study didn’t conclude if the effects are causal — does reading make you nicer and more empathetic, or do more empathetic people tend to read fiction? Even so, picking up a book can’t hurt, and might just make the world a nicer place. 1．How did the researchers conduct the research? A．By making questionnaire surveys. B．By comparing experiment statistics. C．By observing participants’ behaviors. D．By referring to previous study reports. 2．What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Embarrassing. B．Satisfying. C．Amazing. D．Disappointing. 3．What can improve people’s empathetic abilities the most according to the study? A．Reading fiction and comedy. B．Enjoying romance and drama. C．Taking part in social activities. D．Watching plays on social media. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．All people support the research result. B．Further study is needed on this subject. C．The nicer and kinder people like reading. D．Reading can help people make more friends. Passage 8 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）In a world where career paths are often linear, Morten Holm, a 56-year-old Danish architect, shows the dynamic lifestyle, transitioning from architect to urban designer, and now operator of a nature school on a suburban farm. Yet, beneath these varied titles lies a singular goal: to create urban oases (绿洲) that harmonize city life with nature. His first visit to China was a 2001 business trip, sparking lasting curiosity. Ten years later, Holm moved to China to set up a new partnership, aiming to understand and learn from or even be part of the country’s rapid development. Among his projects, Beijing’s Liangma River renovation (恢复) stands out. Inspired by Copenhagen’s urban renovation, Beijing’s Chaoyang district held a competition for the project. Before renovation, the river was neglected and ecologically degraded. Holm armed to create a “soft living space” to boost local businesses and enhance residents’ quality of life. “When urbanization reaches a certain level, it’s not just about quantity, but about making life more livable, increasing the quality of life, and making people happier,” he said. Today, the river is a beloved urban resting place. But Holm’s vision extends beyond urban projects. In 2020, he and his wife transformed his in-laws’ orchard (果园) into an organic farm and green school called Fenfuram, inspired by Denmark’s green education models. “We offer courses for both schools and families in animal and food literacy and sustainable development goals,” Holm said. “These courses allow children to connect with nature. Our curriculum goes beyond the classroom, creaming a kind of school extension and serving as an urban oasis.” 1．What is Morten Holm’s core goal? A．To become a successful architect. B．To build nature-city blended areas. C．To transform cities into rural areas. D．To promote suburban farming. 2．Why did Holm decide to move to China in 2011? A．To participate in an architecture competition. B．To escape linear career paths in Denmark. C．To engage with China’s rapid development. D．To undertake urban renovation projects. 3．What was Liangma River Project aimed at according to Holm? A．Drawing citizens’ attention to the river. B．Copying Copenhagen’s renovation model. C．Rebuilding eco-friendly urban spaces. D．Reducing housing in Chaoyang district 4．How does Fenfuram help fulfill Holm’s ambition? A．It helps improve children’s academic performance. B．It promotes Danish agricultural techniques in China. C．It extends his concept through the nature education. D．It replaces traditional classroom learning entirely. Passage 9 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）Fog, often a symbol of confusion, uncertainty and danger, holds unique appeal for Laura Pashby. In her book Chasing Fog, Pashby travels across British and Venice to explore the properties and characteristics of fog as well as its related legends. Fog is a type of weather condition that doesn't last long. Pashby notes it makes the familiar world seem odd and unsettling, which explains why numerous tales of magic are associated with fog. Each chapter of the book describes her fog-hunting trip, as well as discussions of local history, geography, art, literature and sense of place with her black-and-white photos. Pashby's personal stories run through the book, from her childhood memories of playing in Dartmoor's sudden fog to current life in fog-prone (容易起雾的) Cotswolds. On her journeys, she also explores her “fog self”, a concept described by poet Alice Oscarld, reflecting her absorption in fog. Fog enables Pashby to see things differently and welcome the unknown. She sees it as a “visual representation of dreams”. The book combines science with engaging contents on history, nature and personal experiences. We learn new names of fog and much about the relationship between fog and art. Pashby discusses how fog influenced the Impressionists like Monet, and how writers from Dickens to Wilde used fog as characters. She believes creative thoughts are brought about by fog's transformative power. I wish for more about fog in urban settings. Edinburgh and London were overshadowed by the northeast coast's sea fog and Thames' mists. Pashby describes the London smog in 1952, but doesn't mention the influences on human bodies of 21st-century air pollution worsened by cold winter fog, which, besides affecting visibility, is linked to an increase in some diseases, especially among those with underlying conditions. In the final chapter, Pashby and her father visit Venice for its special fog, which feels out of place. This journey could suit a second book on sea fogs in places like San Francisco and Namibia's coast or the great urban smog of India. Based on the completion of Chasing Fog, what an adventure such a book would be! 1．What is the main theme of Chasing Fog? A．Pashby's deep fondness for fog. B．Pashby's journey and search for fog. C．Fog's role in tales and legends. D．Fog's features in various settings. 2．Why does fog appeal to Pashby? A．It reveals local history and inspires art. B．It fuels creativity and offers new views. C．It reminds her of childhood adventures. D．It provides inviting contents for writing. 3．What does the author hope to see in the book? A．Impacts of winter fog on health. B．Details of fog in rural areas. C．Associations between fog and air quality. D．Cause s of the London smog. 4．What does the author think of the final chapter? A．It is too hard to comprehend. B．It matches the theme badly. C．It is nothing but an adventure story. D．It reflects reality of the cities. Passage 10 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）A few years ago, you went on a vacation with friends, creating lasting memories — walking along the beach, swimming in the sea, and enjoying breathtaking sunsets. However, the trip wasn't all smooth sailing; long drives, food issues, and unpredictable weather. Yet, over time, you tend to remember the beautiful moments while the inconveniences fade . This is known as rosy retrospection, a cognitive , bias (认知偏见) where people recall past experiences more positively than they felt during the actual event. The phenomenon can be understood as the complex interaction of cognitive mechanisms that shape our memory processes When recalling memories, our brains tend to focus on positive details and downplay negative aspects, which helps maintain emotional well-being. Nostalgia (怀旧) also plays a significant role, as it arouses feelings of warmth and belonging, leading us to view the past more positively. Additionally, our current emotional state and self-enhancement bias can influence how we remember past events, making them seem more favorable. While some individuals who focus more on negative experiences may be at a higher risk of mood disorders such as depression, rosy retrospection can elevate our moods, increase life satisfaction, and even help us cope with difficult present circumstances by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity. However, rosy retrospection occasionally creates an unrealistic view of the past, which can head people to make decisions that are not based on reality but rather on their idealized memories. It's one of the reasons why we might repeatedly return to unhealthy relationships. The longer the time that has passed since the event, the more likely we are to let the, good memories outweigh the bad memories and perhaps even forgive unforgivable behavior. Understanding and acknowledging this cognitive bias can be crucial for making accurate and beneficial decisions. 1．How do people with rosy retrospection generally recall past experiences? A．They forget negative moments easily. B．They recall breathtaking details repeatedly. C．They remember adventurous trips more clearly. D．They view former experiences more positively. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of rosy retrospection. B．The reasons for rosy retrospection. C．The role of nostalgia in shaping memories. D．The ways of keeping emotional well-being. 3．What does the underlined word “elevate” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Boost. B．Expose. C．Assess. D．Ignore. 4．What negative consequence may rosy retrospection cause? A．It may give rise to incorrect judgments. B．It may lead to a constant state of depression. C．It may make people miss out on opportunities. D．It may raise people's unwillingness to face reality. Passage 11 （2025高二下·湖南湘西·期末）Did you ever imagine that one day you can jump into a flying taxi, just like in the sci-fi movies, dashing among sky-scrapers and cities? On August 18, life took a closer step to fiction as a low-altitude passenger transport route opened, going from the Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the Kunshan City Terminal in neighboring Jiangsu Province. The trip, covering approximately 85 kilometers, took around 25 minutes. As an economic concept, the low-altitude economy aims to take advantage of the unique resources of low-altitude airspace to develop general aviation (航空), and energize the related industries from the sky to the ground. The concept of low-altitude economy was first proposed by China, providing a theoretical contribution to the development of global general aviation. A common understanding is that low-altitude airspace is an equally important economic resource and engine of productivity as land and marine resources. Expanding low-altitude business will help China fully develop its general aviation. With the innovative technology and products of general aviation, new types of aircraft, such as electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles or flying cars, have emerged, all of which are designed for urban air mobility and further stimulating people’s imagination for future development. By using such products and models in urban low-altitude airspace, it can solve problem of urban and intercity traffic jams. As traffic jams are a global challenge, the concept has attracted widespread attention from across the world. As China boasts many big cities, the low-altitude airspace faces greater demands and prospects across the country. As for China, the government has also supported the promotion of its low-altitude economy. In March 2024, the low-altitude economy was pointed in the annual government work report as the new growth engine to foster emerging industries. In addition to government plans, many regions in China have also focused on developing their local low-altitude economy and making policies based on their region. For example, in China’s southern economic center of Shenzhen, the government has issued many supportive policies to promote the building of a low-altitude economy center. At present, it has developed nearly 100 commercial trial routes for drone (无人机) cargo flights in the city. 1．What does the underlined word “energize” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Stimulate. B．Reduce. C．Attract. D．Protect. 2．What can we learn about the low-altitude economy? A．It has fully developed in China. B．It has solved many traffic problems. C．It was originally proposed by China. D．It is less important than land resources. 3．What is Shenzhen’s attitude towards the low-altitude economy? A．Dismissive. B．Favourable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Solution to Traffic Jams B．A New Economic Concept in China C．A New Science Movie around the Globe D．A New Future-Oriented Transport Model Passage 12 （2025高二下·湖南湘潭·期末）When people talk about “normalizing” something in 2024, it’s often with a positive attitude. On social media and off, I’ve seen calls to normalized everything. The idea, of course, is to break down taboos that can be unhelpful, even dangerous. But there’s another kind of normalized. It is less conscious and can be harmful. This is the normalized of trends, situations and events that really shouldn’t be “normal” at all. You also might hear it referred to as “desensitization”, or “habituation”. Think of the wars still happening in the world. The shocking events at the start of these conflicts were new and unexpected. As time has passed, media coverage still happens, but these events are now less likely to lead the news, nor do they arise quite as often in the cultural conversations. Sadly, when a war has lasted months or years, it does not have the same impact as it did on day one. This desensitization also applies to day-to-day life. Inner-city youth who grow up with violence are more likely to wind up thinking violence is normal, for example, while people expressed more anxiety about Covid-19 when the death toll was low than when it climbed into the hundreds of thousands. One particularly interesting study, meanwhile, shows that people living in countries that are more exposed to the negative impacts of climate change actually see climate change as being lower-risk. Other research shows that you can even become habituated to your own negative behaviour: when volunteers lied repeatedly in order to get more money, their lies became bigger and bigger over the course of the experiment — and the parts of their brain associated with emotions activated less and less. The takeaway, the researchers concluded, was that the more we do something, the less uncomfortable with it we become. Be exposed to anything enough, in other words, and that thing winds up being normalized. Even if it’s bad. Of course, this has upsides: to some degree, humans need to be able to adapt to new circumstances and situations, no matter how terrible. Our species likely wouldn’t have got very far, if we’d walked around in a continuous state of shock and anxiety. 1．What can you learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Desensitization is a new concept in social media. B．Normalization can have both strengths and weaknesses. C．Taboos should be broken down to achieve normalized. D．People have a positive attitude towards all normalized in 2024. 2．Why does the author mention the wars in paragraph 3? A．To criticize media coverage of wars. B．To prove the necessity of paying attention to wars. C．To illustrate how desensitization occurs to shocking events. D．To compare the impacts of different wars on global society. 3．What does the underlined word “takeaway” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Lesson. B．Snack. C．Encouragement. D．Reduction. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon of “normalized”? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. Passage 13 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you. Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t try to talk about something with your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you are shouting at them. Go somewhere else to cool off. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you think you can’t speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter to them. Try to understand your parents. Your parents may think differently from you. Tell your parents what you think, what you care about and why. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. Put yourself in their shoes and you may find a better way out. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to an agreement. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. It is also important to show your love to your parents. Try to do some small things at home, like making them a cup of tea, helping do some chores, and so on. It helps to keep your relationship closer. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try. 1．The passage mainly talks about the communication problem between ________. A．parents and school teachers B．school kids and their parents C．teachers and their students D．parents and children of all ages 2．Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you don’t ________. A．show your love to them B．often stay with them C．speak to them politely D．do chores for them 3．The story of Micheal shows that it’s important to ________. A．understand each other B．stay away from your parents C．argue with each other D．disagree with your parents 4．Doing some small things at home can make your parents feel that ________. A．you are happy B．you love them C．you like chores D．you are relaxed Passage 14 （2025高二下·湖南邵阳·期末）Backpackers are all too familiar with the uncomfortable burden of a heavy bag, but scientists are investigating methods to lighten the load. A recent study by a Chinese research team introduced a backpack design that significantly reduces the amount of energy required by the user to carry it. Typically, as a person takes a step, the load inside their backpack often shifts up and down, pushing against the inside of the backpack with extra force, which can make the bag feel heavier than it actually is. “A backpack capable of minimizing these forces addresses a real pain point for many people who carry heavy loads during commuting, hiking, or running,” says Yanhe Zhu, a researcher at the Harbin Institute of Technology. “A product that can reduce this burden while enhancing comfort and flexibility would likely be very appealing.” Unlike existing suspension backpacks that use energy-consuming motors, Zhu and his team developed one that requires almost no external power. The backpack uses springs and sticks to balance the load, while a motor-controlled dampener (阻尼器) prevents the load from hitting the bag’s walls. When the load moves close to the walls, the dampener adjusts to cancel out the movement, and the energy it uses is sent back to the motor. This means only a small amount of power is needed to control the system, making it much more energy-efficient than other designs that need extra power for the motor. In experiments, volunteers wore both a regular backpack and the new design while walking on a walking test platform. The results demonstrated that the new design reduced energy use by over 11 % compared to a conventional backpack. Zhu believes this technology holds significant commercial potential, and is interested in exploring ways to introduce it to market. “Our following task will involve integrating intelligent algorithms (算法) to enable the suspension backpack to adjust to a broader range of movement patterns, such as jumping,” says Zhu. 1．What is the main issue with traditional backpacks mentioned in the text? A．They are too heavy when empty for most users. B．The load inside moves vertically, creating extra force. C．They lack modern aesthetic stylish designs for commuters. D．They require periodic motor frequent replacement of motors. 2．What does the underlined phrase “minimizing these forces” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Reducing the overall weight of the backpack. B．Preventing the backpack from wearing out quickly. C．Decreasing the extra forces caused by load movement. D．Using lighter materials to make the backpack. 3．How does the new backpack achieve energy efficiency? A．By recycling energy through springs and a dampener system. B．By using high-power motors to stabilize the load. C．By eliminating all mechanical components. D．By relying solely on external electrical power sources. 4．What is the research team’s next plan for the backpack? A．To reduce the backpack’s weight further. B．To increase the motor’s power for faster adjustments. C．To design more fashionable styles for consumers. D．To blend smart algorithms for diverse movements. Passage 15 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）“Growing fruit trees is a very simple way to stay in love with our world,” says Vivian Keh, playwright and daughter of immigrants, holding a basket of persimmons (柿子) she’s grown to feel connected to her Korean ancestors. Keh is just one of the 50remarkable subjects in naturalist writer Amy Stewart’s The Tree Collectors: Tales ofArboreal Obsession, a collection of portraits of people transformed by their love of trees. Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect. Fascinated by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservatıonists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons as diverse as their projects. They plant trees in public and private spaces both modest and expansive, nurturing (培育) their collections to honor beloved dead, attract wildlife, preserve rare species, connect to history, invest in the future, grow food and create beauty. Steward categorizes these tree collectors according to their sense of purpose. Kenneth Høegh, one of the book’s “ecologists”, tests which cold-loving species might grow in a warming and historically treeless Greenland. “Healer” Joe Hamilton plants loblolly pines on a parcel of land he got from his enslaved ancestors with an eye toward long-term sustainable forestry which he hopes will establish a source of general wealth for his family. Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the “community builders” who seek to bring people together. Adding to the book’s charm are Stewart’s watercolor illustrations — she gives us a look at each of her human subjects while also cataloging the most wonderful qualities of featured trees, such as Seussian eucalyptus seed pods and delicate camellia blossoms. After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you’ ll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak. But something even deeper is happening here: by creating a space for people to talk about something they love. “How often do any of us get a chance to pour our hearts out to a stranger?” she writes.“Somehow, talking about trees made it possible.” 1．What does the underlined word “curation” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Collection. B．Connection. C．Treatment. D．Transformation. 2．What purpose of planting trees is mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To preserve rare species. B．To honor beloved dead. C．To develop new varieties. D．To strengthen social bonds. 3．What does the writer of the text think of the book? A．Inspirational. B．Conventional. C．Complicated. D．Ambiguous. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A tree-collecting guide. D．A biography. Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南湘西·期末）While facial movements can help members of the same species communicate emotions or other signals to each other, they can also be important for inter-species understanding. In horses, for example, ear movements have long been viewed as important indicators of their internal state. However, the new work suggests there are many more signals to look out for. “Horses produce a rich and complex facial expressions, and we should not overlook the little differences in these if we want to truly understand the subjective experiences of horses,” said Dr. Kate Lewis, the first author of the research, from the University of Portsmouth. The team analysed 72 hours of filmed observations to explore which facial movements tended to occur in each context. “The beauty of what we did here is that we were systematic in how we documented the facial expressions, and that we covered a broad range of naturally occuring behaviours,” Lewis said. While the researchers found that almost all facial movements occurred in all of the different contexts, some were more specific to certain types of interaction. In particular, they found that during friendly, peaceful interactions with other horses, the animals tended to put their noses forward. By contrast, when paying attention to something, the horses’ ears were typically forward and pulled together. During aggressive encounters, the ears tended to be flattened and backward-facing, while the inner brows were raised, the nostrils dilated and the head lowered. During play, the lower lip was often depressed, the chin raised, lips parted, mouth stretched open wide, and the ears rotated and flattened backwards. In addition, the team noted that during play horses often had an increase in visible eye white, the nose was pushed forward, and the head tended to be up or turned to the right, or both. “These results really highlight the importance of not relying on just one aspect of the face, such as the ears, to understand what the horse is trying to communicate,” Lewis said. 1．What is the main purpose of the research discussed in the text? A．To argue that horses have no significant facial expressions. B．To analyze horse facial expressions in different social contexts. C．To compare horse facial expressions with those of other animals. D．To prove that horses use ears as their primary means of communication. 2．Which facial movement is most likely seen when horses are engaged in friendly interactions? A．Ears flattened backward. B．Lips tightly closed. C．Nose pushed forward. D．Head lowered aggressively. 3．What can be inferred about horses’ facial expressions during aggressive encounters? A．Showing relaxed ears and lowered brows. B．Keeping their heads high and ears forward. C．Opening their mouths wide while keeping ears upright. D．Displaying flattened ears, raised brows, and lowered heads. 4．From the last paragraph, how should we interpret horse communication? A．Horses use a variety of facial expressions, not just ears, to express emotions. B．Ear movements only indicate playfulness, not aggression. C．Ear movements are rarely noticeable in horses. D．Horses’ ears are not as expressive as their eyes. Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南邵阳·期末）Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) away. With data from weather radars and bird counts, an international team of researchers revealed how many birds take off immediately after the start of the fireworks, at what distance from fireworks this occurs and which species groups mainly react. “Birds take off as a result of an acute flight response due to sudden noise and light. We already knew that many water birds react strongly, but now we also see the effect on other birds throughout the Netherlands,” says ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam. In the scientific journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, the researchers therefore argue for large fireworks-free zones. Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend averagely 10% of time longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks. Because 62% of all birds in the Netherlands live within a radius of 2.5 km of inhabited areas, the consequences of fireworks are high for all birds throughout the country. “Flying requires a lot of energy, so ideally birds should be disturbed as little as possible during the cold winter months. Measures to ensure this are especially important in open areas such as grasslands, where many larger birds spend the winter. The effects of fireworks on birds are less pronounced near forests and semi-open habitats. In addition, smaller birds such as tits and finches live there, which are less likely to fly away from disturbance.” The authors argue for fireworks-free zones in areas where large birds live. Hoekstra: “These buffer zones could be smaller in areas where light and sound travel less far, such as near forests. Furthermore, fireworks should mainly be lit at central locations in built-up areas, as far away from birds as possible. It would be best for birds if we moved towards light shows without sound, such as drone shows or decorative fireworks without very loud bangs.” 1．Which type of birds is most significantly impacted by fireworks? A．Waterbirds and larger species in open habitats. B．Small birds living near dense forest habitats. C．Migratory birds in highly populated urban areas. D．Birds active during daytime foraging periods. 2．Why do geese require extended time hunting for food after fireworks? A．To adapt to unfamiliar new habitats. B．To avoid densely human-populated areas. C．To compensate for energy lost during flight responses. D．To match their migration timing with other bird species. 3．What is the researchers’ attitude toward replacing fireworks with drone shows? A．Supportive. B．Skeptical. C．Neutral. D．Critical. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A comparison of various bird habitats. B．The challenges birds face during harsh winter months. C．The cultural significance of New Year’s Eve fireworks. D．The ecological effects of fireworks on birds and proposed solutions. Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）How people communicate with one another varies wildly from culture to culture. In our fully globalized times, it is more essential than ever to understand these differences and where they come from. One way to obtain such an understanding is through the concept of high-context and low-context cultures, developed by Edward T. Hall. High-context cultures use communication that focuses on underlying context, meaning, and tones in the message, and not just the words themselves. On the contrary, low-context cultures expect the content of communication to be evidently stated so that there’s no risk of confusion, and if a message isn’t clear enough, it will slow down the process of communication. In the most extreme cases, leaving any sort of wiggle room for interpretation can be catastrophic (灾难性的). Although it can be a complex characteristic whether a culture is high-context or low-context, it can determine many other aspects of a particular culture. For example, in a high-context culture, similarity is an crucial characteristic. This is because the majority of the population in high-context cultures typically have the same level of education, as well as a shared ethnicity, religion, and history. Through these shared experiences, messages can be contextualized by assuming an audience will think in the same way and follow the hidden message in someone’s speech or writing. In low-context cultures, the opposite is true. Low-context cultures are usually diverse, and focus on the individual, instead of the group. Communication must be basic enough to allow for as many people to understand it as possible. Just as communication in general is different for high-context and low-context cultures, the forms of communication also vary. Generally, high-context cultures prefer oral communication, while low-context cultures favor written communication. When it comes to emails, texts, and online messaging, it is more common to send brief and frequent messages in low-context cultures. Low-context cultures also want the communication to focus on basic questions, like: What’s happening? Where’s it happening? When’s it going to happen? How’s it going to happen? High-context cultures will tend to move in the other direction, with a focus on longer forms of communication that don’t always focus on basic questions. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making an assumption. B．By analyzing the present situation. C．By sharing the history of a theory. D．By making a comparison. 2．What do the underlined words ‌“wiggle room” in paragraph 2 mean? A．The freedom to make changes. B．The need for additional knowledge. C．The chance to reject dialogues. D．The desire for less confusion. 3．Why do high-context cultures possess the feature of similarity? A．Personal interests give way to group interests. B．Speakers seek to make themselves fully understood. C．Individuals try to narrow differences and bridge gaps. D．Collective experiences shape the same way of thinking. 4．How do high-context and low-context cultures differ in the forms of communication? A．High-context cultures pursue politeness. B．High-context cultures barely chat online. C．Low-context cultures care about the results. D．Low-context cultures prefer simple exchanges. Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Traditional methods of diagnosing mental health conditions rely on direct conversations between patients and mental specialists. However, these methods often face challenges such as follow-up track over time and reliance on the doctors’ subjective judgments. To address these issues, scientists are exploring AI tools that can automate the process. Researchers at South-Central Minzu University in China developed an AI acoustic (声学的) model that detects slight changes in a patient’s voice. It analyzes the sound properties of speech, such as pitch, rhythm, and tone, to identify markers of mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. Unlike text-based AI, which can be influenced by cultural biases (偏见) or language barriers, acoustic model focuses on how words are spoken rather than the words themselves. To detect minor changes in a patient’s voice, the model undergoes pre-training on large speech datasets to recognize general speech patterns. This foundational step allows the system to identify complex audio variations that may signal mental health issues. The model is then fine-tuned using recordings of depressed patients to specialize in detecting depression. Results showed 96% accuracy in detecting depression and 95% accuracy in categorizing its severity into four levels. Another method, developed by researchers at Sorbonne University in Paris, uses smartphone-recorded sound waves and then transforms them into spectrogram (声谱图). The AI model analyzes these visual maps to detect mental health conditions. Though still in early stages, this approach shows promise. The potential applications are vast. AI-based speech analysis can help patients who struggle to express clearly about their mental state, works across languages, and is particularly useful in rural areas with limited mental health resources. It can also assist overburdened clinicians by classifying patients and monitoring those undergoing home treatment. While diagnosis is vital, personalized treatment is the next step. AI models could help doctors tailor treatments based on specific symptoms, such as memory issues or exhaustion in depression patients, further enhancing mental health care. 1．What’s the AI tools’ advantage over traditional diagnosis methods? A．It talks directly to patients. B．It is totally independent of doctors. C．It provides more accurate diagnosis. D．It is more objective and saves time. 2．How does the AI acoustic model work? A．By understanding what patients say. B．By detecting the changes of patients. C．By analyzing patients’ ways of speaking. D．By removing patients’ language barriers. 3．What may AI-based speech analysis help patients with ? A．Clarifying mental conditions. B．Translating clinician’s advice. C．Relieving their heavy burden. D．Gaining more home treatment. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．The Promising future of AI-Models B．The Limitations of Traditional Psychiatry C．AI Diagnosis: A Revolutionary Tool for Mental Health D．AI Models: An Effective Treatment in the Medical Industry Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Tai chi, which combines slow, gentle movements and postures (姿势) with mindfulness, is known to increase flexibility and improve balance. Now, new research suggests it’s better than aerobic (有氧的) exercise for lowering blood pressure in people with prehypertension, which is blood pressure that’s higher than normal but doesn’t quite reach the level of high blood pressure. Prehypertension is considered a warning sign that heart disease may be ahead. In the study, researchers employed 342 adults with prehypertension, whose average age was 49. Roughly half the people participated in supervised aerobic exercise, including jogging, climbing stairs, quick walking and cycling. The other half was trained to practise tai chi. Both groups got hour-long sessions (一段时间) four times a week. After 12 months, those in the tai chi group saw bigger drops in their blood pressure than those in the aerobic exercise group. Besides, nearly 22% of the people who practised tai chi saw their blood pressure fall to within the normal range, compared with nearly 16% of people in the aerobic exercise group. Fewer patients in the tai chi group went on to develop hypertension than in the aerobic exercise group. So what is the key? The practice tends to cause more of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system, says Ruth Taylor-Piliae, a professor at the University of Arizona’s College of Nursing, who was not involved in the study. The parasympathetic nervous system is the network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger. Tai chi is appealing as it requires little space or equipment. “I think the beauty of tai chi is that you don’t have to have a special gym membership,” Taylor-Piliae says. “Once you learn tai chi, you can do it anytime, anywhere. It does provide that calming, relaxing effect.” Studies have also shown that practising tai chi can help reduce the risk of falls, improve balance and walking speed in older adults, and reduce depression and anxiety. “But you have to have enough dose of tai chi,” Taylor-Piliae says. “You can’t just do it one hour, one time.” 1．What happened to those who practised tai chi in the study? A．They became smarter. B．Most of them seldom got sick. C．They all became confident and optimistic. D．Many of them began to have normal blood pressure. 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．When it is better to practise tai chi. B．How people can do tai chi easily. C．Why tai chi helps lower blood pressure. D．What makes tai chi so appealing. 3．Why is tai chi popular according to Taylor-Piliae? A．It can build the ability to keep going. B．It is convenient to practise. C．It can promote weight loss. D．It is a form of self-defence. 4．What is Taylor-Piliae’s advice on practising tai chi? A．Practising it regularly. B．Combining it with dieting. C．Practising it as early as possible. D．Combining it with other workouts. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 Passage1：1-4 CABA Passage2：1-4 DBCD Passage3：1-4 DDCB Passage4：1-3 BBC Passage5：1-4 AACC Passage6：1-4 BDAC Passage7：1-4 ACAB Passage8：1-4 BCCC Passage9：1-4 BBAB Passage10：1-4 DBAA Passage11：1-4 ACBD Passage12：1-4 BCAC Passage13：1-4 DCAB Passage14：1-4 BCAD Passage15：1-4 ADAB Passage1：1-4 BCDA Passage2：1-4 ACAD Passage3：1-4 BADD Passage4：1-4 DCAC Passage5：1-4 DCBA / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Scott Cooper is a 66-ycar-old Australian with dementia (痴呆症). Every day, he struggles with forgetting where he puts his keys and sometimes can’t even recognize the faces of his dearest friends. But he refuses to let this tough condition stop him from exploring the world! He and his wife Jill take regular trips — twice a year. “Traveling helps me keep enjoying life,” Scott said. “Although it can be tiring sometimes, these new experiences make my mind and body active.” Scientists predict that by 2050, around 153 million people globally will suffer from dementia. However, a recent study interviewing over a hundred dementia patients in China, reveals that travel can significantly benefit these patients. The new sights, smells, tastes, and social interactions during travel offer crucial cognitive and sensory stimulation. According to Jun Wen, a tourism lecturer at Edith Cowan University and researcher, the expectation and planning in tourism stimulate brain function. Meanwhile, the exercise often aligns with dementia treatment plans. Warren Harding, a dementia care professor, adds that travel helps patients build confidence, trigger memories, and gain independence, serving as a valuable addition to non-drug treatments by offering emotional and social benefits. Around the world, countries are introducing creative programs to make travel more accessible for people with dementia. In Western Australia, over 20 venues host “memory café” events, where patients socialize over morning tea. Near Melbourne, Australia’s first dementia-friendly sensory path winds through a forest. These diverse efforts collectively represent a growing global trend. By focusing on the unique needs of dementia patients, these actions not only enhance the travel experience for this community but also set an example for more friendly and caring tourism worldwide. In years to come, aged care experts hope people like Scott and Jill Cooper can holiday with greater case, creating memories from travel, no matter how long they last. 1．Why is Scott Cooper’s story mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To promote his way of life. B．To show his passion for travel. C．To reveal a potential treatment for dementia. D．To reflect his tough condition with dementia. 2．What might benefit patients with dementia during travel according to the study? A．Chatting with locals. B．Recalling fond memories. C．Enjoying favourite foods. D．Admiring familiar scenery. 3．What do the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．conflicts with B．agrees with C．contrasts with D．deals with 4．What can we know about the dementia-friendly travel programs? A．They make it accessible to travel in Australia. B．They meet dementia patients’ medication needs. C．They improve travel experience and global tourism. D．They help dementia patients create long-term memories. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了旅行对痴呆症患者的益处，包括认知和感官刺激、增强信心等，同时提到全球各地正推出相关创意项目，以方便痴呆症患者旅行，体现了对这一群体的关怀。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scott Cooper is a 66-ycar-old Australian with dementia (痴呆症). Every day, he struggles with forgetting where he puts his keys and sometimes can’t even recognize the faces of his dearest friends. But he refuses to let this tough condition stop him from exploring the world! He and his wife Jill take regular trips — twice a year. (Scott Cooper是一位66岁的澳大利亚痴呆症患者。每天，他都在努力回忆自己把钥匙放在哪里，有时甚至认不出最亲密朋友的面孔。但他拒绝让这种艰难的状况阻止他探索世界！他和妻子Jill定期旅行 —— 一年两次。)”以及第二段中“However, a recent study interviewing over a hundred dementia patients in China, reveals that travel can significantly benefit these patients. (然而，最近一项对中国100多名痴呆症患者的采访研究表明，旅行对这些患者有显著益处。)”可知，第一段提到Scott Cooper的故事是为了通过他的经历来引出旅行可能对痴呆症患者有益这一话题，即揭示了一种潜在的治疗痴呆症的方法（通过旅行）。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new sights, smells, tastes, and social interactions during travel offer crucial cognitive and sensory stimulation. (旅行中的新景象、新气味、新味道和社交互动提供了至关重要的认知和感官刺激。)”可知，与当地人聊天属于社交互动，这可能会让痴呆症患者在旅行中受益。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的“According to Jun Wen, a tourism lecturer at Edith Cowan University and researcher, the expectation and planning in tourism stimulate brain function. (伊迪斯科文大学的旅游讲师兼研究员Jun Wen表示，旅游业中的期望和规划能刺激大脑功能。)”以划线词后面的“dementia treatment plans (痴呆症治疗方案)”可知，这种旅行中的锻炼（即期望和规划）与痴呆症治疗方案的目标是一致的，都是为了刺激大脑功能，帮助患者。由此推知，画线词aligns with与agrees with意思相近，表示“与……一致”。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“These diverse efforts collectively represent a growing global trend. By focusing on the unique needs of dementia patients, these actions not only enhance the travel experience for this community but also set an example for more friendly and caring tourism worldwide. (这些多样化的努力共同代表了一种日益增长的全球趋势。通过关注痴呆症患者的独特需求，这些行动不仅改善了这个群体的旅行体验，也为全球更友好、更关怀的旅游业树立了榜样。)”可知，痴呆症友好的旅行项目改善了旅行体验，并为全球旅游业树立了榜样，即改善了全球旅游业。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）A research team led by Academicians Chen Xiaoya and Gao Caixia from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made a significant breakthrough. They have successfully cultivated the world’s first new rice variety capable of producing coenzyme Q10. This achievement was published in the international journal Cell, marking an important step forward in agricultural science. Coenzyme Q10 plays a crucial role in the energy metabolism (新陈代谢) of human cells. It has antioxidant properties and can protect heart health. As people age, the body’s ability to produce coenzyme Q10 decreases. Traditional rice mainly produces coenzyme Q9, which is different from the coenzyme Q10 our bodies need. To solve this problem, the research team spent several years exploring. They first studied the developmental history of coenzyme Q, then used machine learning to analyze the Coq1 enzyme in plants. Finally, they applied gene-editing technology to rice and successfully created the new variety. In this new rice variety, the coenzyme Q10 content in the leaves and grains reaches 75% of the total coenzyme Q. In the grains, its content is 5 micrograms per gram, and the rice yield has not decreased. This research demonstrates China’s strength in cultivating functional crops and promotes global thinking on nutrition improvement. Scientists plan to further study the application of coenzyme Q10 in agriculture. This achievement not only benefits global food security but also provides new ways to improve people’s diet and health. It also shows the potential of gene-editing technology in changing the future pattern of agriculture. 1．What is the special feature of the new rice variety? A．It has a higher output. B．It has a shorter growth cycle. C．It has lower requirements for soil. D．It can produce a crucial nutrient. 2．Why did the research team focus on coenzyme Q10? A．Because it is easy to produce. B．Because it helps to maintain cell vigor. C．Because it can greatly increase the rice yield. D．Because it is widely present in various foods. 3．Which step is not included in cultivating the new rice variety? A．Analyzing the Coq1 enzyme. B．Applying gene-editing technology. C．Exploring traditional farming methods. D．Studying the evolution of coenzyme Q. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The application of the research. B．The concern about food security. C．The future pattern of agriculture. D．The significance of this research. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国科学院团队培育出世界首个能产辅酶Q10的水稻新品种及相关情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They have successfully cultivated the world’s first new rice variety capable of producing coenzyme Q10. (他们成功培育出世界上首个能够产生辅酶Q10的水稻新品种。)”以及第二段中对辅酶Q10重要性的介绍可知，这种新水稻品种的特别之处在于它能产生一种关键的营养物质。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Coenzyme Q10 plays a crucial role in the energy metabolism of human cells. It has antioxidant properties and can protect heart health. (辅酶Q10在人体细胞的能量代谢中起着至关重要的作用。它具有抗氧化特性，能够保护心脏健康。)”可知，研究团队关注辅酶Q10是因为它有助于维持细胞活力。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They first studied the developmental history of coenzyme Q, then used machine learning to analyze the Coq1 enzyme in plants. Finally, they applied gene-editing technology to rice and successfully created the new variety. (他们首先研究了辅酶Q的发展历程，然后利用机器学习分析了植物中的Coq1酶。最后，他们将基因编辑技术应用于水稻，成功培育出了这种新品种。)”可知，培育这种新水稻品种的步骤不包括探索传统耕作方法。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“This achievement not only benefits global food security but also provides new ways to improve people’s diet and health. It also shows the potential of gene-editing technology in changing the future pattern of agriculture. (这一成果不仅有利于全球粮食安全，也为改善人们的饮食和健康提供了新途径。它还展示了基因编辑技术在改变未来农业格局方面的潜力。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了这项研究的意义。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）Wild African elephants have the rare ability to address each other with name-like calls, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. This discovery was made by researchers from Colorado State University (CSU), who used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contain a name-like component that identifies the intended recipient. The researchers played back recorded calls to some elephants and found that the animals reacted favorably to the calls addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. The behaviors had been suspected based on previous observations, but the new study provided concrete evidence. Lead author Michael Pardo explained that while dolphins and parrots call each other by “name” through imitation (模仿) of the addressee’s signature call, elephants do not rely on imitation. Instead, their method is more similar to how human names function, suggesting a capacity for abstract thought. Co-author George Wittemyer emphasized the significance of arbitrary (任意的) vocal labels, which indicate advanced cognitive skills. Arbitrary communication, where a sound represents an idea without imitating it, greatly expands communication capability. This ability is uncommon among animals but is necessary for identifying individuals by name. The study spanned four years and included 14 months of intensive fieldwork in Kenya. The researchers followed elephants in vehicles, recording their vocalizations. They captured about 470 distinct calls in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park. The research revealed that elephants, like humans, do not always address each other by name in conversation. Naming was more common over long distances or when adults were talking to calves. Wittemyer noted that the study provides insight into possible drivers of why humans evolved these abilities. The research also strengthens the case for elephant conservation, as elephants are classified as endangered due to poaching (偷猎) for their ivory tusks and habitat loss from development. Understanding their communication could help reduce conflicts with humans, making it easier to coexist with these large and sometimes destructive animals. 1．How did the elephants deal with the recorded calls? A．They stayed away from them. B．They ignored them purposely. C．They imitated them like human. D．They responded to them positively. 2．What can we know about the elephants’ name-like calls? A．They are common in the wild. B．They sound like human names. C．They are the same to those of dolphins. D．They show the elephants’ thinking ability. 3．Which of the following can best describe the process of the study? A．Efficient. B．Interesting. C．Tough. D．Unreliable. 4．What can the study contribute to? A．Developing habitats. B．Protecting elephants. C．Stopping poaching. D．Classifying danger. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现非洲象能用类名字叫声交流，不依赖模仿，类似人类名字功能，体现抽象思维，该研究有助于大象保护及理解人类进化。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers played back recorded calls to some elephants and found that the animals reacted favorably to the calls addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker.( 研究人员回放了一些大象的通话记录，发现大象会通过回叫或接近说话者来对他们的呼叫做出积极的反应。)”可知，研究人员向大象播放录制的叫声，大象通过回叫或靠近扬声器对针对它们的叫声做出了积极的反应。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Instead, their method is more similar to how human names function, suggesting a capacity for abstract thought.( 相反，他们的方法更类似于人类名字的功能，表明人类有抽象思维的能力。)”可知，大象类似名字的叫声的使用方式更像人类名字的功能，这表明它们具有抽象思维能力，即展示了大象的思考能力。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The study spanned four years and included 14 months of intensive field - work in Kenya. The researchers followed elephants in vehicles, recording their vocalizations.( 这项研究历时四年，包括在肯尼亚进行了14个月的密集实地考察。研究人员在车辆中跟踪大象，记录它们的叫声。)”可知，这项研究持续了四年，还包括在肯尼亚 14 个月的高强度实地工作，研究人员乘车跟踪大象记录它们的叫声。这表明研究过程是艰难的。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The research also strengthens the case for elephant conservation, as elephants are classified as endangered due to poaching (偷猎) for their ivory tusks and habitat loss from development. Understanding their communication could help reduce conflicts with humans, making it easier to coexist with these large and sometimes destructive animals.( 这项研究还加强了大象保护的理由，因为大象被列为濒危物种，因为它们的象牙被偷猎，栖息地因发展而丧失。了解它们的交流有助于减少与人类的冲突，使它们更容易与这些大型的、有时具有破坏性的动物共存。)”可知，这项研究加强了保护大象的理由，理解它们的交流有助于减少与人类的冲突，从而更好地保护大象。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Yueyang Tower is one of the three famous towers in Jiangnan China. It has existed for almost two thousand years, so, we’re talking some real ancient history here. Many literati through history, especially Tang Dynasty poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu, described Yueyang Tower, making it exceptionally well-known throughout China. In the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan wrote a memorial for the restored Yueyang Tower, and since then the name of the tower has been forever remembered in Chinese culture. Yueyang Tower has been repaired and rebuilt many times. The existing main building has three floors decorated with cornices (飞檐), Ruyi Arch wooden architecture, and a helmet roof, which is really unmistakably Chinese style. The building is entirely constructed from wood using Chinese traditional mortise and tenon technology (榫卯技术), so the whole building does not use a single iron nail, brick or cement. On the first to third floors of Yueyang Tower, there are carved screens of “The Yueyang Tower” as well as poems couplets, carvings, etc, related to Yucyang Tower, including handwritten works by Mao Zedong and Li Bai. Climbing up to the third floor and leaning against the railing, one can see Dongting Lake from afar, where the water and the sky merge into one color and the wind and moon are boundless. Today I’ve taken you on a journey through time and space in Yueyang Tower. So why don’t you come and see it for yourselves? 1．What can we learn about Yueyang Tower? A．It has a history of over 2,000 years. B．It enjoys high reputation in Chinese culture. C．It became well-known for Tang Dynasty poets. D．It was restored by Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty. 2．What is special with the main building? A．It is partly built with wood. B．It displays a typical Chinese style. C．It is built with iron nails, bricks and cement. D．It houses carved screens by Mao Zedong and Li Bai. 3．What is the aim of this passage? A．To show the popularity of Yueyang Tower. B．To do a scientific research of Yueyang Tower. C．To recommend Yueyang Tower as a place of interest. D．To emphasize the importance of protecting Yueyang Tower. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了岳阳楼的历史、文化地位、建筑特色及游览体验，并推荐其作为旅游胜地。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many literati through history, especially Tang Dynasty poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu, described Yueyang Tower, making it exceptionally well-known throughout China. In the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan wrote a memorial for the restored Yueyang Tower, and since then the name of the tower has been forever remembered in Chinese culture. (历史上许多文人，尤其是唐代的李白、杜甫等诗人，都描写过岳阳楼，使其在中国广为人知。宋代，范仲淹为修复后的岳阳楼写了一篇纪念文章，从此岳阳楼的名字在中国文化中永远被铭记。)”可知，岳阳楼在中国文化中享有很高的声誉。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The existing main building has three floors decorated with cornices, Ruyi Arch wooden architecture, and a helmet roof, which is really unmistakably Chinese style. The building is entirely constructed from wood using Chinese traditional mortise and tenon technology (榫卯技术), so the whole building does not use a single iron nail, brick or cement. (现有的主楼有三层，装饰有飞檐、如意拱木结构和盔顶，这是典型的中国风格。这座建筑完全采用中国传统的榫卯技术，以木材建造而成，因此整座建筑不用一根铁钉、一块砖或一点水泥。)”可知，主楼的特别之处在于它展示了典型的中国风格。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today I’ve taken you on a journey through time and space in Yueyang Tower. So why don’t you come and see it for yourselves? (今天，我带你们在岳阳楼进行了一次时空之旅。那你为什么不亲自来看看呢？)”可知，本文的目的是推荐岳阳楼作为一个旅游景点。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南郴州·期末）From sniffing out rare species to tracking down poachers, dogs aid conservation efforts in a surprising variety of ways. And a growing list of successes shows how our best friends’ legendary noses can be an especially powerful weapon in the battle against invasive (入侵的) organisms. Lately dogs have proved to be particularly useful friends against one unwelcome guest: spotted lanternflies (斑衣蜡蝉). Native to Asia, these insects were seen in Pennsylvania in 2014 and soon spread across the eastern and central U.S. The species is especially threatening to vineyards (葡萄园), as it can severely damage grapevines over time. Getting rid of that invasion early on is important. But that also means finding and destroying spotted lanternfly egg masses, whose light-brown, dirtlike appearance makes them extremely difficult to see. For a recent study, Fuller and her team compared dogs with humans at finding spotted lanternfly eggs. Humans did better within the vineyards, where they could search systematically up and down the vines — but the dogs detected over three times more egg masses in nearby forested areas. Fuller suggests that dogs could also be more effective in vineyards with lower-level invasions, catching the smell in large areas that would be too time-consuming for humans to search. According to Ngaio Richards, an ecologist at the University of Florida, this is an ever expanding field of research — and practical use. “Worldwide, detection dog teams are being integrated into efforts to deter, monitor and fight the presence of invasive species,” she says, from insects and plants to fish and mammals. In North America, trained dogs inspect watercraft to detect invasive mussels before they catch a ride to new waters. In Montana, dogs identify dyer’s woad, an invasive plant that can harm native vegetation and is hard for humans to detect during parts of its life cycle. “Dogs tend to be an excellent real-time detector that is hard to match,” says Hall, an animal behaviorist at Texas Tech University. “I think there is a capacity for broader use.” 1．Why are the spotted lanternfly eggs hard to find? A．They are in earthy color. B．They are too small to see. C．They only exist in forests. D．They are buried underground. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Dogs detect the smell effectively in large areas. B．Systematic searches are dogs’ main strength. C．Humans outperform dogs in all environments. D．Dogs rely on vision to find eggs in forests. 3．Why does the author mention trained dogs in North America? A．To criticize human inefficiency in monitoring boats. B．To highlight dogs’ ability to protect endangered mussels. C．To illustrate dogs’ diverse roles in detecting invasive organisms. D．To emphasize the danger of watercraft spreading invasive species. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Human-Dog Teamwork B．Saving Vineyards with Dogs C．Dog Noses: Fighting Invasives D．Dogs Fighting Against Organisms 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了狗在保护自然方面的新应用，通过嗅觉帮助发现和控制入侵物种，以斑点灯笼蝇为例说明狗在寻找其虫卵方面的优势，还列举了狗在其他地区检测不同入侵物种的例子，探讨了狗在全球范围内用于检测和应对入侵物种的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But that also means finding and destroying spotted lanternfly egg masses, whose light-brown, dirtlike appearance makes them extremely difficult to see. (但这也意味着要寻找并摧毁斑衣蜡蝉的卵块，这些卵块呈浅棕色，具有类似泥土的外观，使得它们极难被发现。)”可知，斑衣蜡蝉的虫卵颜色类似泥土，所以很难被发现。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fuller suggests that dogs could also be more effective in vineyards with lower- evel invasions, catching the smell in large areas that would be too time-consuming for humans to search. (Fuller认为，在入侵程度较低的葡萄园中，狗也可能更有效，它们可以在大范围内捕捉气味，而人类搜索这些气味会非常耗时。)”可知，狗可以在大范围内有效地检测气味。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“In North America, trained dogs inspect watercraft to detect invasive mussels before they catch a ride to new waters. In Montana, dogs identify dyer’s woad, an invasive plant that can harm native vegetation and is hard for humans to detect during parts of its life cycle. (在北美，经过训练的狗会检查船只，在入侵的贻贝搭便车到新水域之前检测到它们。在蒙大拿州，狗能识别出一种入侵植物——染料木，这种植物会危害本地植被，而且在它生命周期的某些阶段人类很难发现它。)”可知，作者提到北美经过训练的狗是为了说明狗在检测入侵生物方面的多种作用。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“From sniffing out rare species to tracking down poachers, dogs aid conservation efforts in a surprising variety of ways. And a growing list of successes shows how our best friends’ legendary noses can be an especially powerful weapon in the battle against invasive (入侵的) organisms. (从嗅出稀有物种到追踪偷猎者，狗以各种令人惊讶的方式帮助保护工作。越来越多的成功案例表明，我们最好的朋友那传奇般的鼻子可以成为对抗入侵生物的特别强大的武器。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕狗的鼻子在对抗入侵生物方面的作用展开，所以选项C“Dog Noses: Fighting Invasives (狗的鼻子：对抗入侵生物)”适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 6 （2025高二下·湖南郴州·期末）The far side of the moon has been a point of fascination for scientists since they first peered at it in black and white images captured in 1959 — and realized how different it was from the side facing Earth. The far side appeared to show a record of impact — covered in craters (坑) of different sizes and ages. Decades later, and some five years since the Chang’e-4 mission made China the first and only country to complete a soft landing on the far side, scientists both from China and around the world have high hopes for the information that can be collected from the samples. “It’s a gold mine,” said James Head, a professor of planetary geosciences at Brown University, who together with European scientists, collaborated with Chinese scientists analyzing samples from the Chang’e-5 mission that returned near-side samples. “International scientists are totally excited about the mission,” he said. Experts say analysis of the composition and physical properties of the samples could help advance efforts to learn how to use resources on the moon for future lunar and space exploration. “The Chang’e-6 mission is focused on answering specific scientific questions, but the lunar soils collected from the mission can also support future resource utilization,” said Yuqi Qian, a planetary geologist at the University of Hong Kong. Lunar soil could be used for 3-D printing to produce bricks for construction of research bases on the moon, while some scientists were already working on finding more economical and practical technologies to extract gases like Helium-3, oxygen and hydrogen from the soil, which could support further lunar exploration, he said. Once they receive the samples, Chinese scientists are expected to share data and carry out joint research with international partners, before Beijing later opens the samples for access by international teams, according to statements from CNSA officials. 1．What do we know about the far side of the moon? A．It lacks craters made by impacts. B．China is the first country to land on it. C．The far side of the moon faces the earth. D．It is smoother and less impacted than the near side. 2．What is the main mission of Chang’e-5? A．Landing on the far side to study resource use. B．Producing bricks using far-side lunar materials. C．Extracting Helium-3 from lunar soil for energy. D．Collecting samples from the near side of the moon. 3．What does the underlined word “utilization” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Usage. B．Collection. C．Management. D．Conservation. 4．What does the text emphasize about China’s lunar missions? A．Their competition with other space agencies. B．Their focus on the discovery of lunar resources. C．Their role in promoting global scientific cooperation. D．Their exploration of ancient life traces on the moon. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。月球背面因布满陨石坑引人关注，中国嫦娥四号实现软着陆，嫦娥六号等任务样本受期待，中外科学家将合作研究，助力探索。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Decades later, and some five years since the Chang’e-4 mission made China the first and only country to complete a soft landing on the far side, scientists both from China and around the world have high hopes for the information that can be collected from the samples.(几十年后，在嫦娥四号任务使中国成为第一个也是唯一一个在月球背面完成软着陆的国家大约五年后，来自中国和世界各地的科学家都对从样本中收集到的信息寄予厚望。)” 可知，中国是第一个在月球背面实现软着陆的国家。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“‘It’s a gold mine,’ said James Head, a professor of planetary geosciences at Brown University, who together with European scientists, collaborated with Chinese scientists analyzing samples from the Chang’e-5 mission that returned near-side samples.(‘这是一座金矿，’布朗大学行星地球科学教授詹姆斯・黑德说，他与欧洲科学家一起，与中国科学家合作分析了嫦娥五号任务返回的样本，该任务带回了月球正面的样本。)”可知，嫦娥五号任务的成果是带回了月球正面的样本，其主要任务就是从月球正面收集样本。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The Chang’e-6 mission is focused on answering specific scientific questions, but the lunar soils collected from the mission can also support future resource utilization.(嫦娥六号任务专注于解答特定的科学问题，但这次任务收集的月球土壤也能支持未来的资源utilization。)”，结合第五段“Lunar soil could be used for 3-D printing to produce bricks for construction of research bases on the moon, while some scientists were already working on finding more economical and practical technologies to extract gases like Helium-3, oxygen and hydrogen from the soil, which could support further lunar exploration.(月球土壤可用于3D打印，制造月球研究基地的建筑砖块，同时一些科学家已经在努力寻找更经济、更实用的技术，从土壤中提取氦 - 3、氧气和氢气等气体，这些气体可以支持进一步的月球探索。)”可知，后文一直在讲月球土壤的用途，因此utilization意为“利用”，与Usage意思一致。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘It’s a gold mine,’ said James Head, a professor of planetary geosciences at Brown University, who together with European scientists, collaborated with Chinese scientists analyzing samples from the Chang’e-5 mission that returned near-side samples. ‘International scientists are totally excited about the mission.’(‘这是一座金矿，’布朗大学行星地球科学教授詹姆斯・黑德说，他与欧洲科学家一起，与中国科学家合作分析了嫦娥五号任务返回的样本，该任务带回了月球正面的样本。‘国际科学家对这项任务非常兴奋。’他说道。)以及最后一段“Once they receive the samples, Chinese scientists are expected to share data and carry out joint research with international partners, before Beijing later opens the samples for access by international teams, according to statements from CNSA officials.(根据中国国家航天局官员的声明，一旦收到样本，中国科学家将与国际合作伙伴共享数据并开展联合研究，之后中国将向国际团队开放这些样本。)”可知，文章多次提到国际科学家对中国探月任务的参与和期待，以及中国与国际社会的合作，强调了中国探月任务在促进全球科学合作中的作用。故选C项。 Passage 7 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）To the delight of bookworms, anyone who has ever told you burying your head in a book means you’re being unsociable will have to eat their words. A new study suggests those who regularly read, especially fiction, are actually nicer and more empathetic (善解人意的) people. The study, carried out by Kingston University London, and presented at the British Psychological Society conference in Brighton, UK, last week, also found that those who just watched television seemed to be less kind and understanding of other people. For the study, the researchers questioned 123 people on their preferences for books, TV shows, and plays. They were also quizzed about the type of entertainment they preferred from comedy or romance to drama. Then they were tested on their interpersonal skills. The researchers asked them about their behavior towards others, whether they understood and respected others’ points of view, and whether they actively helped other people. Drawing on these response sheets, the researchers found some mind-boggling results. They discovered that those who read more showed greater positive social behavior and a better ability to empathize with others, while those who preferred watching TV didn’t show the same ability to empathize and were more likely to show unsociable behavior. They also found the forms of fiction people preferred were linked to their interpersonal skills and behavior. Those who preferred fiction displayed the most positive social skills. Romance and drama lovers showed the ability to see others’ points of view, while comedy fans were particularly able to relate to others the most. The researchers concluded that those who read fiction regularly are more well-adapted to see things from other people’s points of view, which makes them better at understanding people. However, they do acknowledge that their study didn’t conclude if the effects are causal — does reading make you nicer and more empathetic, or do more empathetic people tend to read fiction? Even so, picking up a book can’t hurt, and might just make the world a nicer place. 1．How did the researchers conduct the research? A．By making questionnaire surveys. B．By comparing experiment statistics. C．By observing participants’ behaviors. D．By referring to previous study reports. 2．What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Embarrassing. B．Satisfying. C．Amazing. D．Disappointing. 3．What can improve people’s empathetic abilities the most according to the study? A．Reading fiction and comedy. B．Enjoying romance and drama. C．Taking part in social activities. D．Watching plays on social media. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．All people support the research result. B．Further study is needed on this subject. C．The nicer and kinder people like reading. D．Reading can help people make more friends. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究表明常读书，尤其是小说的人更友善、善解人意，而看电视的人则相反。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For the study, the researchers questioned 123 people on their preferences for books, TV shows, and plays. They were also quizzed about the type of entertainment they preferred from comedy or romance to drama. Then they were tested on their interpersonal skills.(在这项研究中，研究人员询问了123人对书籍、电视节目和戏剧的偏好。他们还被问及他们更喜欢哪种娱乐类型，从喜剧或浪漫到戏剧。随后，他们接受了人际交往能力的测试)”和第四段中的“Drawing on these response sheets, the researchers found some mind-boggling results.(根据这些调查表，研究人员发现了一些令人难以置信的结果)”可知，研究人员是通过问卷调查进行研究的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“To the delight of bookworms, anyone who has ever told you burying your head in a book means you’re being unsociable will have to eat their words.(让书虫们高兴的是，任何曾经告诉过你埋头读书意味着你不会社交的人都不得不收回自已的话)”和第四段中的“They discovered that those who read more showed greater positive social behavior and a better ability to empathize with others(他们发现那些阅读更多的人表现出更积极的社交行为和更好的同情他人的能力)”可知，与以往认知“埋头读书意味着你不会社交”相反，研究人员发现，那些阅读量大的人表现出更积极的社会行为，更能与他人产生共鸣，此研究结果令人惊讶。由此可知，画线词mind-boggling的意思应该是“令人吃惊的”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests those who regularly read, especially fiction, are actually nicer and more empathetic (善解人意的) people.(一项新的研究表明，那些经常阅读，尤其是经常阅读小说的人实际上是更友善、更有同理心的人)”以及第五段中的“Romance and drama lovers showed the ability to see others’ points of view, while comedy fans were particularly able to relate to others the most.(爱情故事和戏剧爱好者表现出了理解他人观点的能力，而喜剧迷尤其擅长与他人产生共鸣)”可知，经常阅读小说的人更有同理心，而喜剧迷尤其能够与他人产生共鸣。由此推知，读小说和喜剧最能让人善解人意。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, they do acknowledge that their study didn’t conclude if the effects are causal — does reading make you nicer and more empathetic, or do more empathetic people tend to read fiction?(然而，他们确实承认，他们的研究并没有得出结论，这些影响是不是有因果关系——是阅读会让人变得更好、更有同理心，还是更有同理心的人更喜欢阅读小说？)”可推知，这个问题需要进一步研究。故选B。 Passage 8 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）In a world where career paths are often linear, Morten Holm, a 56-year-old Danish architect, shows the dynamic lifestyle, transitioning from architect to urban designer, and now operator of a nature school on a suburban farm. Yet, beneath these varied titles lies a singular goal: to create urban oases (绿洲) that harmonize city life with nature. His first visit to China was a 2001 business trip, sparking lasting curiosity. Ten years later, Holm moved to China to set up a new partnership, aiming to understand and learn from or even be part of the country’s rapid development. Among his projects, Beijing’s Liangma River renovation (恢复) stands out. Inspired by Copenhagen’s urban renovation, Beijing’s Chaoyang district held a competition for the project. Before renovation, the river was neglected and ecologically degraded. Holm armed to create a “soft living space” to boost local businesses and enhance residents’ quality of life. “When urbanization reaches a certain level, it’s not just about quantity, but about making life more livable, increasing the quality of life, and making people happier,” he said. Today, the river is a beloved urban resting place. But Holm’s vision extends beyond urban projects. In 2020, he and his wife transformed his in-laws’ orchard (果园) into an organic farm and green school called Fenfuram, inspired by Denmark’s green education models. “We offer courses for both schools and families in animal and food literacy and sustainable development goals,” Holm said. “These courses allow children to connect with nature. Our curriculum goes beyond the classroom, creaming a kind of school extension and serving as an urban oasis.” 1．What is Morten Holm’s core goal? A．To become a successful architect. B．To build nature-city blended areas. C．To transform cities into rural areas. D．To promote suburban farming. 2．Why did Holm decide to move to China in 2011? A．To participate in an architecture competition. B．To escape linear career paths in Denmark. C．To engage with China’s rapid development. D．To undertake urban renovation projects. 3．What was Liangma River Project aimed at according to Holm? A．Drawing citizens’ attention to the river. B．Copying Copenhagen’s renovation model. C．Rebuilding eco-friendly urban spaces. D．Reducing housing in Chaoyang district 4．How does Fenfuram help fulfill Holm’s ambition? A．It helps improve children’s academic performance. B．It promotes Danish agricultural techniques in China. C．It extends his concept through the nature education. D．It replaces traditional classroom learning entirely. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍丹麦建筑师莫滕·霍尔姆的职业转变及其创造自然与城市和谐共存的城市绿洲的目标。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yet, beneath these varied titles lies a singular goal: to create urban oases (绿洲) that harmonize city life with nature.(然而，在这些不同的头衔之下，存在着一个单一的目标：创造将城市生活与自然相协调的城市绿洲)”可知，莫滕·霍尔姆的核心目标是打造自然与城市融合的区域。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ten years later, Holm moved to China to set up a new partnership, aiming to understand and learn from or even be part of the country’s rapid development.(十年后，霍尔姆搬到中国建立新的合作伙伴关系，旨在了解和向这个国家的快速发展学习，甚至成为其一部分)”可知，他2011年决定搬到中国是为了参与中国的快速发展。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Before renovation, the river was neglected and ecologically degraded. Holm armed to create a “soft living space” to boost local businesses and enhance residents’quality of life.(在改造之前，这条河被忽视且生态退化。霍尔姆致力于创造一个“软性生活空间”来促进当地商业并提升居民的生活质量)”可知，亮马河项目的目标是重建生态友好的城市空间。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“These courses allow children to connect with nature. Our curriculum goes beyond the classroom, creating a kind of school extension and serving as an urban oasis.(这些课程让孩子们与自然建立联系。我们的课程超越了课堂，形成了一种学校的延伸，并充当着城市绿洲的角色)可知，Fenfuram通过自然教育延伸了霍尔姆的理念，帮助实现了他的抱负。故选C项。 Passage 9 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）Fog, often a symbol of confusion, uncertainty and danger, holds unique appeal for Laura Pashby. In her book Chasing Fog, Pashby travels across British and Venice to explore the properties and characteristics of fog as well as its related legends. Fog is a type of weather condition that doesn't last long. Pashby notes it makes the familiar world seem odd and unsettling, which explains why numerous tales of magic are associated with fog. Each chapter of the book describes her fog-hunting trip, as well as discussions of local history, geography, art, literature and sense of place with her black-and-white photos. Pashby's personal stories run through the book, from her childhood memories of playing in Dartmoor's sudden fog to current life in fog-prone (容易起雾的) Cotswolds. On her journeys, she also explores her “fog self”, a concept described by poet Alice Oscarld, reflecting her absorption in fog. Fog enables Pashby to see things differently and welcome the unknown. She sees it as a “visual representation of dreams”. The book combines science with engaging contents on history, nature and personal experiences. We learn new names of fog and much about the relationship between fog and art. Pashby discusses how fog influenced the Impressionists like Monet, and how writers from Dickens to Wilde used fog as characters. She believes creative thoughts are brought about by fog's transformative power. I wish for more about fog in urban settings. Edinburgh and London were overshadowed by the northeast coast's sea fog and Thames' mists. Pashby describes the London smog in 1952, but doesn't mention the influences on human bodies of 21st-century air pollution worsened by cold winter fog, which, besides affecting visibility, is linked to an increase in some diseases, especially among those with underlying conditions. In the final chapter, Pashby and her father visit Venice for its special fog, which feels out of place. This journey could suit a second book on sea fogs in places like San Francisco and Namibia's coast or the great urban smog of India. Based on the completion of Chasing Fog, what an adventure such a book would be! 1．What is the main theme of Chasing Fog? A．Pashby's deep fondness for fog. B．Pashby's journey and search for fog. C．Fog's role in tales and legends. D．Fog's features in various settings. 2．Why does fog appeal to Pashby? A．It reveals local history and inspires art. B．It fuels creativity and offers new views. C．It reminds her of childhood adventures. D．It provides inviting contents for writing. 3．What does the author hope to see in the book? A．Impacts of winter fog on health. B．Details of fog in rural areas. C．Associations between fog and air quality. D．Cause s of the London smog. 4．What does the author think of the final chapter? A．It is too hard to comprehend. B．It matches the theme badly. C．It is nothing but an adventure story. D．It reflects reality of the cities. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了劳拉・帕什比的《追逐迷雾》一书，包括书中帕什比追寻雾的旅程、对雾的探索以及作者对这本书的评价等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In her book Chasing Fog, Pashby travels across British and Venice to explore the properties and characteristics of fog as well as its related legends. (在她的《追逐迷雾》一书中，帕什比穿越英国和威尼斯，探索雾的特性和特征以及相关传说)”以及第二段“Each chapter of the book describes her fog-hunting trip, as well as discussions of local history, geography, art. literature and sense of place with her black-and- white photos. (这本书的每一章都描述了她追寻迷雾的旅程，以及结合她的黑白照片对当地历史、地理、艺术、文学和地方感的探讨)”可知，全书围绕帕什比追寻雾的旅程和对雾的探索展开，这是书的主线内容。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fog enables Pashby to see things differently and welcome the unknown. She sees it as a “visual representation of dreams”. (迷雾让帕什比得以以不同的视角看待事物，并拥抱未知。她将其视为 “梦境的视觉呈现”)”以及“She believes creative thoughts are brought about by fog’s transformative power. (她认为创造性思维是由雾的转化力量带来的)”可知，雾吸引帕什比的原因在于它能激发创造力，并让她以新的视角看待事物。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Pashby describes the London smog in 1952, but doesn’t mention the influences on human bodies of 21st-century air pollution worsened by cold winter fog, which, besides affecting visibility, is linked to an increase in some diseases, especially among those with underlying conditions. (帕什比描述了 1952 年的伦敦烟雾，但没有提到 21 世纪因冬季冷雾而恶化的空气污染对人体的影响，这除了影响能见度外，还与一些疾病的增加有关，尤其是那些有潜在疾病的人)”可知，作者希望书中能提及冬季雾对健康的影响。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the final chapter, Pashby and her father visit Venice for its special fog, which feels out of place. (在最后一章中，帕什比和她的父亲前往威尼斯追寻那里独特的雾，这感觉与全书主题格格不入)”可推知，作者认为最后一章与主题匹配度不高。故选B项。 Passage 10 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）A few years ago, you went on a vacation with friends, creating lasting memories — walking along the beach, swimming in the sea, and enjoying breathtaking sunsets. However, the trip wasn't all smooth sailing; long drives, food issues, and unpredictable weather. Yet, over time, you tend to remember the beautiful moments while the inconveniences fade . This is known as rosy retrospection, a cognitive , bias (认知偏见) where people recall past experiences more positively than they felt during the actual event. The phenomenon can be understood as the complex interaction of cognitive mechanisms that shape our memory processes When recalling memories, our brains tend to focus on positive details and downplay negative aspects, which helps maintain emotional well-being. Nostalgia (怀旧) also plays a significant role, as it arouses feelings of warmth and belonging, leading us to view the past more positively. Additionally, our current emotional state and self-enhancement bias can influence how we remember past events, making them seem more favorable. While some individuals who focus more on negative experiences may be at a higher risk of mood disorders such as depression, rosy retrospection can elevate our moods, increase life satisfaction, and even help us cope with difficult present circumstances by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity. However, rosy retrospection occasionally creates an unrealistic view of the past, which can head people to make decisions that are not based on reality but rather on their idealized memories. It's one of the reasons why we might repeatedly return to unhealthy relationships. The longer the time that has passed since the event, the more likely we are to let the, good memories outweigh the bad memories and perhaps even forgive unforgivable behavior. Understanding and acknowledging this cognitive bias can be crucial for making accurate and beneficial decisions. 1．How do people with rosy retrospection generally recall past experiences? A．They forget negative moments easily. B．They recall breathtaking details repeatedly. C．They remember adventurous trips more clearly. D．They view former experiences more positively. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of rosy retrospection. B．The reasons for rosy retrospection. C．The role of nostalgia in shaping memories. D．The ways of keeping emotional well-being. 3．What does the underlined word “elevate” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Boost. B．Expose. C．Assess. D．Ignore. 4．What negative consequence may rosy retrospection cause? A．It may give rise to incorrect judgments. B．It may lead to a constant state of depression. C．It may make people miss out on opportunities. D．It may raise people's unwillingness to face reality. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“玫瑰色回忆效应”这一认知偏见现象，即人们会以更积极的态度回忆过去的经历，同时分析了其产生的原因、带来的积极影响以及可能存在的消极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This is known as rosy retrospection, a cognitive bias (认知偏见) where people recall past experiences more positively than they felt during the actual event.(这被称为玫瑰色回忆效应，是一种认知偏见，在这种情况下，人们回忆过去的经历时比实际经历时更加积极)”可知，产生玫瑰色回忆效应的人通常会更积极地看待以前的经历，故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The phenomenon can be understood as the complex interaction of cognitive mechanisms that shape our memory processes.(这种现象可以被理解为塑造我们记忆过程的认知机制的复杂相互作用)”、“When recalling memories, our brains tend to focus on positive details and downplay negative aspects, which helps maintain emotional well-being. Nostalgia (怀旧) also plays a significant role, as it arouses feelings of warmth and belonging, leading us to view the past more positively.( 回忆往事时，大脑往往会聚焦于积极细节，淡化负面因素，这有助于保持情绪健康。怀旧情绪也发挥着重要作用，因为它能激发温暖感和归属感，使我们对过去的看法更加积极)”以及“Additionally, our current emotional state and self-enhancement bias can influence how we remember past events, making them seem more favorable.(此外，我们当前的情绪状态和自我增强偏见会影响我们回忆过去事件的方式，使它们看起来更加有利)”可知，该段开篇点明这种现象（玫瑰色回忆效应），可理解为塑造我们记忆过程的认知机制的复杂相互作用。接着后文分别从大脑在回忆时的倾向、怀旧的作用以及当前情绪状态和自我提升偏见等方面进行阐述，解释了玫瑰色回忆效应产生的原因。所以第二段主要讲的是玫瑰色回忆效应的原因，故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While some individuals who focus more on negative experiences may be at a higher risk of mood disorders such as depression, rosy retrospection can elevate our moods, increase life satisfaction, and even help us cope with difficult present circumstances by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity (自我认同)( 虽然一些更多关注负面经历的人可能患抑郁等情绪障碍的风险更高，但玫瑰色回忆效应可以elevate我们的情绪，提高生活满意度，甚至通过提供一种连续性和积极的自我认同感来帮助我们应对当前的困难处境)”可知，前半句提到那些更多关注负面经历的人患情绪障碍（如抑郁）的风险更高，while表示对比转折，可推理出后半句玫瑰色回忆效应应该是能带来积极的影响，“elevate our moods”与“increase life satisfaction(提高生活满意度)”并列，可推测“elevate”意思是“提升、促进”，与“Boost(促进)”意思相近，故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, rosy retrospection occasionally creates an unrealistic view of the past, which can lead people to make decisions that are not based on reality but rather on their idealized memories.(然而，玫瑰色回忆效应偶尔会对过去产生不切实际的看法，这可能会导致人们做出的决定不是基于现实，而是基于他们理想化的记忆)”可知，玫瑰色回忆效应的一个潜在负面影响是它会导致不正确的判断，故选A项。 Passage 11 （2025高二下·湖南湘西·期末）Did you ever imagine that one day you can jump into a flying taxi, just like in the sci-fi movies, dashing among sky-scrapers and cities? On August 18, life took a closer step to fiction as a low-altitude passenger transport route opened, going from the Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the Kunshan City Terminal in neighboring Jiangsu Province. The trip, covering approximately 85 kilometers, took around 25 minutes. As an economic concept, the low-altitude economy aims to take advantage of the unique resources of low-altitude airspace to develop general aviation (航空), and energize the related industries from the sky to the ground. The concept of low-altitude economy was first proposed by China, providing a theoretical contribution to the development of global general aviation. A common understanding is that low-altitude airspace is an equally important economic resource and engine of productivity as land and marine resources. Expanding low-altitude business will help China fully develop its general aviation. With the innovative technology and products of general aviation, new types of aircraft, such as electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles or flying cars, have emerged, all of which are designed for urban air mobility and further stimulating people’s imagination for future development. By using such products and models in urban low-altitude airspace, it can solve problem of urban and intercity traffic jams. As traffic jams are a global challenge, the concept has attracted widespread attention from across the world. As China boasts many big cities, the low-altitude airspace faces greater demands and prospects across the country. As for China, the government has also supported the promotion of its low-altitude economy. In March 2024, the low-altitude economy was pointed in the annual government work report as the new growth engine to foster emerging industries. In addition to government plans, many regions in China have also focused on developing their local low-altitude economy and making policies based on their region. For example, in China’s southern economic center of Shenzhen, the government has issued many supportive policies to promote the building of a low-altitude economy center. At present, it has developed nearly 100 commercial trial routes for drone (无人机) cargo flights in the city. 1．What does the underlined word “energize” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Stimulate. B．Reduce. C．Attract. D．Protect. 2．What can we learn about the low-altitude economy? A．It has fully developed in China. B．It has solved many traffic problems. C．It was originally proposed by China. D．It is less important than land resources. 3．What is Shenzhen’s attitude towards the low-altitude economy? A．Dismissive. B．Favourable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Solution to Traffic Jams B．A New Economic Concept in China C．A New Science Movie around the Globe D．A New Future-Oriented Transport Model 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国低空经济以及对未来交通的展望。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“As an economic concept, the low-altitude economy aims to take advantage of the unique resources of low-altitude airspace to develop general aviation, and energize the related industries from the sky to the ground. (作为一种经济概念，低空经济旨在利用低空空域的独特资源发展通用航空，并从天空到地面energize相关产业)”可知，低空经济作为一种经济概念，旨在利用低空空域的独特资源，发展通用航空，结合下文“从天空到地面的相关产业”可知，energize在此处意为“激活，刺激”，与Stimulate意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The concept of low-altitude economy was first proposed by China, providing a theoretical contribution to the development of global general aviation. (低空经济的概念最早由中国提出，为全球通用航空的发展提供了理论贡献)”可知，低空经济的概念最早由中国提出。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For example, in China’s southern economic center of Shenzhen, the government has issued many supportive policies to promote the building of a low-altitude economy center. (例如，在中国南方的经济中心深圳，政府出台了许多支持政策，推动低空经济中心建设)”可知，深圳对低空经济的态度是支持的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On August 18, life took a closer step to fiction as a low-altitude passenger transport route opened, going from the Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the Kunshan City Terminal in neighboring Jiangsu Province. (8月18日，随着一条从上海浦东国际机场到邻近江苏省昆山市航站楼的低空客运航线开通，生活离科幻更近了一步)”以及文章内容可知，本文介绍了低空经济这种新的交通模式以及它对未来交通的影响，D选项“一种面向未来的新型交通模型”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 12 （2025高二下·湖南湘潭·期末）When people talk about “normalizing” something in 2024, it’s often with a positive attitude. On social media and off, I’ve seen calls to normalized everything. The idea, of course, is to break down taboos that can be unhelpful, even dangerous. But there’s another kind of normalized. It is less conscious and can be harmful. This is the normalized of trends, situations and events that really shouldn’t be “normal” at all. You also might hear it referred to as “desensitization”, or “habituation”. Think of the wars still happening in the world. The shocking events at the start of these conflicts were new and unexpected. As time has passed, media coverage still happens, but these events are now less likely to lead the news, nor do they arise quite as often in the cultural conversations. Sadly, when a war has lasted months or years, it does not have the same impact as it did on day one. This desensitization also applies to day-to-day life. Inner-city youth who grow up with violence are more likely to wind up thinking violence is normal, for example, while people expressed more anxiety about Covid-19 when the death toll was low than when it climbed into the hundreds of thousands. One particularly interesting study, meanwhile, shows that people living in countries that are more exposed to the negative impacts of climate change actually see climate change as being lower-risk. Other research shows that you can even become habituated to your own negative behaviour: when volunteers lied repeatedly in order to get more money, their lies became bigger and bigger over the course of the experiment — and the parts of their brain associated with emotions activated less and less. The takeaway, the researchers concluded, was that the more we do something, the less uncomfortable with it we become. Be exposed to anything enough, in other words, and that thing winds up being normalized. Even if it’s bad. Of course, this has upsides: to some degree, humans need to be able to adapt to new circumstances and situations, no matter how terrible. Our species likely wouldn’t have got very far, if we’d walked around in a continuous state of shock and anxiety. 1．What can you learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Desensitization is a new concept in social media. B．Normalization can have both strengths and weaknesses. C．Taboos should be broken down to achieve normalized. D．People have a positive attitude towards all normalized in 2024. 2．Why does the author mention the wars in paragraph 3? A．To criticize media coverage of wars. B．To prove the necessity of paying attention to wars. C．To illustrate how desensitization occurs to shocking events. D．To compare the impacts of different wars on global society. 3．What does the underlined word “takeaway” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Lesson. B．Snack. C．Encouragement. D．Reduction. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon of “normalized”? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“正常化”的负面影响，即人们对于本不应视为正常的事件逐渐变得麻木和习惯化，这种现象可能导致对暴力的接受，对气候变化风险的低估以及对负面行为的适应。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When people talk about ‘normalizing’ something in 2024, it’s often with a positive attitude. On social media and off, I’ve seen calls to normalized everything. The idea, of course, is to break down taboos that can be unhelpful, even dangerous.(当人们谈论2024年‘正常化’某事时，通常是带着积极的态度。在社交媒体内外，我都看到了要求一切正常化的呼声。当然，这样做的目的是打破那些无益甚至危险的禁忌)”和第二段“But there’s another kind of normalized. It is less conscious and can be harmful. This is the normalized of trends, situations and events that really shouldn’t be ‘normal’ at all. You also might hear it referred to as ‘desensitization’, or ‘habituation’.(但是还有另一种标准化。它是无意识的，可能是有害的。这是一种常态化的趋势、情况和事件，其实根本不应该是‘正常’的。你也可能听到它被称为‘脱敏’或‘习惯化’)”可知，前两段对比了两种“正常化”：一种是主动打破禁忌的积极正常化，另一种是无意识的有害的“脱敏”或“习惯化”。选项B概括了正常化的双面性，符合文意。故选B。 2．推理判断题。第三段“Think of the wars still happening in the world. The shocking events at the start of these conflicts were new and unexpected. As time has passed, media coverage still happens, but these events are now less likely to lead the news, nor do they arise quite as often in the cultural conversations. Sadly, when a war has lasted months or years, it does not have the same impact as it did on day one.(想想世界上仍在发生的战争。这些冲突开始时发生的令人震惊的事件是新的和出乎意料的。随着时间的推移，媒体报道仍然会发生，但这些事件现在不太可能成为新闻头条，也不像以前那样经常出现在文化对话中。可悲的是，当一场战争持续数月或数年之后，其影响就不会像第一天那样大了)”以战争为例，说明人们对长期持续的震惊事件逐渐“脱敏”，新闻关注度和讨论频率下降，印证了第二段提出的“有害的正常化”现象，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。第五段中“Other research shows that you can even become habituated to your own negative behaviour: when volunteers lied repeatedly in order to get more money, their lies became bigger and bigger over the course of the experiment — and the parts of their brain associated with emotions activated less and less.(其他研究表明，你甚至可以习惯自己的消极行为：当志愿者为了得到更多的钱而反复撒谎时，他们的谎言在实验过程中变得越来越大——他们大脑中与情绪相关的部分被激活的次数越来越少)”通过实验说明，重复撒谎会让人对自身负面行为逐渐“习惯化”，大脑情感反应减弱。“The takeaway, the researchers concluded, was that the more we do something, the less uncomfortable with it we become.(研究人员得出的takeaway是，我们对某件事做得越多，就越不感到不舒服)”是实验的结论。“takeaway”意为“教训”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The idea, of course, is to break down taboos that can be unhelpful, even dangerous.(当然，这样做的目的是打破那些无益甚至危险的禁忌)”及第二段“This is the normalized of trends, situations and events that really shouldn’t be ‘normal’ at all.(这是一种常态化的趋势、情况和事件，其实根本不应该是‘正常’的)”并结合最后一段“Of course, this has upsides: to some degree, humans need to be able to adapt to new circumstances and situations, no matter how terrible. Our species likely wouldn’t have got very far, if we’d walked around in a continuous state of shock and anxiety.(当然，这也有好处：在某种程度上，人类需要能够适应新的环境和情况，无论多么糟糕。如果我们一直处于震惊和焦虑的状态，我们的物种可能不会走得太远)”可知，正常化虽有弊端，但一定程度上帮助人类适应新环境，避免持续的震惊和焦虑，隐含“负面事物的正常化也有其适应性优势”，所以作者对“正常化”的现象是客观的，故选C。 Passage 13 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you. Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t try to talk about something with your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you are shouting at them. Go somewhere else to cool off. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you think you can’t speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter to them. Try to understand your parents. Your parents may think differently from you. Tell your parents what you think, what you care about and why. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. Put yourself in their shoes and you may find a better way out. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to an agreement. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. It is also important to show your love to your parents. Try to do some small things at home, like making them a cup of tea, helping do some chores, and so on. It helps to keep your relationship closer. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try. 1．The passage mainly talks about the communication problem between ________. A．parents and school teachers B．school kids and their parents C．teachers and their students D．parents and children of all ages 2．Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you don’t ________. A．show your love to them B．often stay with them C．speak to them politely D．do chores for them 3．The story of Micheal shows that it’s important to ________. A．understand each other B．stay away from your parents C．argue with each other D．disagree with your parents 4．Doing some small things at home can make your parents feel that ________. A．you are happy B．you love them C．you like chores D．you are relaxed 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个普遍性问题，即父母和各个年龄段的孩子之间的沟通问题，并提出了一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you.(沟通对所有年龄段的父母和孩子来说都是一个问题。如果你很难和父母沟通，别担心。这里有一些建议给你。)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了父母和各个年龄段的孩子之间的沟通问题。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you are shouting at them. (如果你对父母大喊大叫，他们可能不会听你讲话。)”可知，当你对父母大喊大叫，用不礼貌的方式沟通时，父母可能不会听你讲话。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。分析前后文语境可知，Micheal的例子“Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to an agreement. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.(Micheal的妈妈不同意他买摩托车。他们为此争论不休，但最终达成了协议。Micheal买了这辆摩托车，但只在某些日子开。)”中讲到了“Micheal与母亲在买摩托车方面发生了矛盾，而最终相互有了协议，使事情达成”，因此可知，这是为了作为举例论证前一段提到的论点“Try to understand your parents.(努力理解你的父母。)”，“Put yourself in their shoes and you may find a better way out.(设身处地为他们想想，你可能会找到更好的出路。)”。由此可推知，该例子是为了表明子女和父母相互理解的重要性。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“It is also important to show your love to your parents. Try to do some small things at home, like making them a cup of tea, helping do some chores, and so on.(向父母表达爱意也很重要。试着在家做一些小事，比如给他们泡杯茶，帮他们做一些家务等等。)”可知，在家里做一些小事情可以让父母感受到你对他们的爱。故选B项。 Passage 14 （2025高二下·湖南邵阳·期末）Backpackers are all too familiar with the uncomfortable burden of a heavy bag, but scientists are investigating methods to lighten the load. A recent study by a Chinese research team introduced a backpack design that significantly reduces the amount of energy required by the user to carry it. Typically, as a person takes a step, the load inside their backpack often shifts up and down, pushing against the inside of the backpack with extra force, which can make the bag feel heavier than it actually is. “A backpack capable of minimizing these forces addresses a real pain point for many people who carry heavy loads during commuting, hiking, or running,” says Yanhe Zhu, a researcher at the Harbin Institute of Technology. “A product that can reduce this burden while enhancing comfort and flexibility would likely be very appealing.” Unlike existing suspension backpacks that use energy-consuming motors, Zhu and his team developed one that requires almost no external power. The backpack uses springs and sticks to balance the load, while a motor-controlled dampener (阻尼器) prevents the load from hitting the bag’s walls. When the load moves close to the walls, the dampener adjusts to cancel out the movement, and the energy it uses is sent back to the motor. This means only a small amount of power is needed to control the system, making it much more energy-efficient than other designs that need extra power for the motor. In experiments, volunteers wore both a regular backpack and the new design while walking on a walking test platform. The results demonstrated that the new design reduced energy use by over 11 % compared to a conventional backpack. Zhu believes this technology holds significant commercial potential, and is interested in exploring ways to introduce it to market. “Our following task will involve integrating intelligent algorithms (算法) to enable the suspension backpack to adjust to a broader range of movement patterns, such as jumping,” says Zhu. 1．What is the main issue with traditional backpacks mentioned in the text? A．They are too heavy when empty for most users. B．The load inside moves vertically, creating extra force. C．They lack modern aesthetic stylish designs for commuters. D．They require periodic motor frequent replacement of motors. 2．What does the underlined phrase “minimizing these forces” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Reducing the overall weight of the backpack. B．Preventing the backpack from wearing out quickly. C．Decreasing the extra forces caused by load movement. D．Using lighter materials to make the backpack. 3．How does the new backpack achieve energy efficiency? A．By recycling energy through springs and a dampener system. B．By using high-power motors to stabilize the load. C．By eliminating all mechanical components. D．By relying solely on external electrical power sources. 4．What is the research team’s next plan for the backpack? A．To reduce the backpack’s weight further. B．To increase the motor’s power for faster adjustments. C．To design more fashionable styles for consumers. D．To blend smart algorithms for diverse movements. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家致力于减轻背包客沉重背包负担的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Typically, as a person takes a step, the load inside their backpack often shifts up and down, pushing against the inside of the backpack with extra force, which can make the bag feel heavier than it actually is. (通常，当一个人迈出一步时，背包里的负荷经常上下移动，以额外的力量推着背包的内部，这可能会使背包感觉比实际要重)”可知，传统背包的主要问题是里面的负载会垂直移动，产生额外的力，这使得背包感觉比实际更重。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文提到传统背包负载移动会产生额外力，结合“addresses a real pain point for many people who carry heavy loads during commuting, hiking, or running (解决了许多在通勤、徒步旅行或跑步时携带重物的人的一个真正的痛点 )” 可推知，“minimizing these forces”指的是减少由负载移动引起的额外力。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The backpack uses springs and sticks to balance the load, while a motor-controlled dampener (阻尼器) prevents the load from hitting the bag’s walls. When the load moves close to the walls, the dampener adjusts to cancel out the movement, and the energy it uses is sent back to the motor. This means only a small amount of power is needed to control the system, making it much more energy-efficient than other designs that need extra power for the motor. (背包使用弹簧和杆件来平衡负载，而电机控制的阻尼器可以防止负载撞击包壁。当负载靠近墙壁移动时，阻尼器调整以抵消运动，并且它使用的能量被发送回电机。这意味着只需要少量的电力来控制系统，这使得它比其他需要额外电力的设计更节能)”可知，新背包通过弹簧和阻尼器系统回收能量来实现能源效率。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Our following task will involve integrating intelligent algorithms (算法) to enable the suspension backpack to adjust to a broader range of movement patterns, such as jumping,” says Zhu. (朱说：“我们接下来的任务将涉及集成智能算法，使悬架背包能够适应更广泛的运动模式，比如跳跃。”)”可知，研究团队下一步计划是融合智能算法以适应多样化的运动。故选D。 Passage 15 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）“Growing fruit trees is a very simple way to stay in love with our world,” says Vivian Keh, playwright and daughter of immigrants, holding a basket of persimmons (柿子) she’s grown to feel connected to her Korean ancestors. Keh is just one of the 50remarkable subjects in naturalist writer Amy Stewart’s The Tree Collectors: Tales ofArboreal Obsession, a collection of portraits of people transformed by their love of trees. Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect. Fascinated by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservatıonists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons as diverse as their projects. They plant trees in public and private spaces both modest and expansive, nurturing (培育) their collections to honor beloved dead, attract wildlife, preserve rare species, connect to history, invest in the future, grow food and create beauty. Steward categorizes these tree collectors according to their sense of purpose. Kenneth Høegh, one of the book’s “ecologists”, tests which cold-loving species might grow in a warming and historically treeless Greenland. “Healer” Joe Hamilton plants loblolly pines on a parcel of land he got from his enslaved ancestors with an eye toward long-term sustainable forestry which he hopes will establish a source of general wealth for his family. Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the “community builders” who seek to bring people together. Adding to the book’s charm are Stewart’s watercolor illustrations — she gives us a look at each of her human subjects while also cataloging the most wonderful qualities of featured trees, such as Seussian eucalyptus seed pods and delicate camellia blossoms. After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you’ ll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak. But something even deeper is happening here: by creating a space for people to talk about something they love. “How often do any of us get a chance to pour our hearts out to a stranger?” she writes.“Somehow, talking about trees made it possible.” 1．What does the underlined word “curation” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Collection. B．Connection. C．Treatment. D．Transformation. 2．What purpose of planting trees is mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To preserve rare species. B．To honor beloved dead. C．To develop new varieties. D．To strengthen social bonds. 3．What does the writer of the text think of the book? A．Inspirational. B．Conventional. C．Complicated. D．Ambiguous. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A tree-collecting guide. D．A biography. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍自然主义作家艾米·斯图尔特的《树木收集者》一书中树木爱好者的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect. Fascinated by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservationists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons as diverse as their projects. (起初，斯图尔特觉得收集树木是件怪事。但她被这个爱好者群体所吸引，发现其中有教育工作者、保护主义者和空想家，他们都痴迷于某种……工作，而激发他们的动机就像他们的项目一样各不相同。)”可知，此处 curation 应指前一句中所提及的收集，因此curation表示“收集”的意思。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the “community builders” who seek to bring people together. (作为寻求将人们聚集在一起的“社区建设者”之一，里根·怀特萨卢西有一个计划，在纳瓦霍土地上恢复传统桃园。)”可知，第三段提到的植树目的是“加强社会联系”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you’ll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak. But something even deeper is happening here: by creating a space for people to talk about something they love. (在这个多样化的群体中度过一段时间后，你无疑会强烈渴望在枝繁叶茂的橡树下休息。但这里发生了更深刻的事情：通过创造一个空间让人们谈论他们热爱的事情。)”可推断，本文作者认为这本书是鼓舞人心的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，章介绍了艾米·斯图尔特的书籍 The Tree Collectors: Tales of Arboreal Obsession，包括其内容（50位与树木结缘的人物故事）、主题（树木收藏者的动机与贡献）、分类方式以及书中插图的特点，并引用了艾米·斯图尔特的观点，由此可知，本文应属于书评。故选B项。 Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南湘西·期末）While facial movements can help members of the same species communicate emotions or other signals to each other, they can also be important for inter-species understanding. In horses, for example, ear movements have long been viewed as important indicators of their internal state. However, the new work suggests there are many more signals to look out for. “Horses produce a rich and complex facial expressions, and we should not overlook the little differences in these if we want to truly understand the subjective experiences of horses,” said Dr. Kate Lewis, the first author of the research, from the University of Portsmouth. The team analysed 72 hours of filmed observations to explore which facial movements tended to occur in each context. “The beauty of what we did here is that we were systematic in how we documented the facial expressions, and that we covered a broad range of naturally occuring behaviours,” Lewis said. While the researchers found that almost all facial movements occurred in all of the different contexts, some were more specific to certain types of interaction. In particular, they found that during friendly, peaceful interactions with other horses, the animals tended to put their noses forward. By contrast, when paying attention to something, the horses’ ears were typically forward and pulled together. During aggressive encounters, the ears tended to be flattened and backward-facing, while the inner brows were raised, the nostrils dilated and the head lowered. During play, the lower lip was often depressed, the chin raised, lips parted, mouth stretched open wide, and the ears rotated and flattened backwards. In addition, the team noted that during play horses often had an increase in visible eye white, the nose was pushed forward, and the head tended to be up or turned to the right, or both. “These results really highlight the importance of not relying on just one aspect of the face, such as the ears, to understand what the horse is trying to communicate,” Lewis said. 1．What is the main purpose of the research discussed in the text? A．To argue that horses have no significant facial expressions. B．To analyze horse facial expressions in different social contexts. C．To compare horse facial expressions with those of other animals. D．To prove that horses use ears as their primary means of communication. 2．Which facial movement is most likely seen when horses are engaged in friendly interactions? A．Ears flattened backward. B．Lips tightly closed. C．Nose pushed forward. D．Head lowered aggressively. 3．What can be inferred about horses’ facial expressions during aggressive encounters? A．Showing relaxed ears and lowered brows. B．Keeping their heads high and ears forward. C．Opening their mouths wide while keeping ears upright. D．Displaying flattened ears, raised brows, and lowered heads. 4．From the last paragraph, how should we interpret horse communication? A．Horses use a variety of facial expressions, not just ears, to express emotions. B．Ear movements only indicate playfulness, not aggression. C．Ear movements are rarely noticeable in horses. D．Horses’ ears are not as expressive as their eyes. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于马面部表情的研究，该研究旨在分析马在不同社交情境下的面部表情，发现马会通过丰富复杂的面部表情进行交流，不同情境下有不同的典型面部动作，强调不能仅依靠耳朵来理解马试图传达的信息。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team analysed 72 hours of filmed observations to explore which facial movements tended to occur in each context.(研究小组分析了72小时的拍摄观察资料，以探索在每种情境下马倾向于做出哪些面部动作)”以及第四、五段具体阐述马在友好互动、关注事物、攻击性遭遇、玩耍等不同情境下的面部表情可知，本文所讨论研究的主要目的是分析马在不同社交情境下的面部表情。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In particular, they found that during friendly, peaceful interactions with other horses, the animals tended to put their noses forward.(特别是，他们发现，在与其他马友好、平和的互动中，马往往会把鼻子向前伸)”可知，马在友好互动时最可能出现的面部动作是鼻子向前伸。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“During aggressive encounters, the ears tended to be flattened and backward - facing, while the inner brows were raised, the nostrils dilated and the head lowered.(在攻击性遭遇中，耳朵往往会向后平贴，内眉上扬，鼻孔张大，头低下)”可知，在攻击性遭遇时，马会表现出耳朵平贴、眉毛上扬和头低下的表情。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““These results really highlight the importance of not relying on just one aspect of the face, such as the ears, to understand what the horse is trying to communicate,” Lewis said.(刘易斯说：“这些结果真正强调了，为了理解马试图传达的信息，不能仅仅依赖于面部的一个方面，比如耳朵”)可知，马会使用多种面部表情，而不仅仅是耳朵来表达情感。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南邵阳·期末）Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) away. With data from weather radars and bird counts, an international team of researchers revealed how many birds take off immediately after the start of the fireworks, at what distance from fireworks this occurs and which species groups mainly react. “Birds take off as a result of an acute flight response due to sudden noise and light. We already knew that many water birds react strongly, but now we also see the effect on other birds throughout the Netherlands,” says ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam. In the scientific journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, the researchers therefore argue for large fireworks-free zones. Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend averagely 10% of time longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks. Because 62% of all birds in the Netherlands live within a radius of 2.5 km of inhabited areas, the consequences of fireworks are high for all birds throughout the country. “Flying requires a lot of energy, so ideally birds should be disturbed as little as possible during the cold winter months. Measures to ensure this are especially important in open areas such as grasslands, where many larger birds spend the winter. The effects of fireworks on birds are less pronounced near forests and semi-open habitats. In addition, smaller birds such as tits and finches live there, which are less likely to fly away from disturbance.” The authors argue for fireworks-free zones in areas where large birds live. Hoekstra: “These buffer zones could be smaller in areas where light and sound travel less far, such as near forests. Furthermore, fireworks should mainly be lit at central locations in built-up areas, as far away from birds as possible. It would be best for birds if we moved towards light shows without sound, such as drone shows or decorative fireworks without very loud bangs.” 1．Which type of birds is most significantly impacted by fireworks? A．Waterbirds and larger species in open habitats. B．Small birds living near dense forest habitats. C．Migratory birds in highly populated urban areas. D．Birds active during daytime foraging periods. 2．Why do geese require extended time hunting for food after fireworks? A．To adapt to unfamiliar new habitats. B．To avoid densely human-populated areas. C．To compensate for energy lost during flight responses. D．To match their migration timing with other bird species. 3．What is the researchers’ attitude toward replacing fireworks with drone shows? A．Supportive. B．Skeptical. C．Neutral. D．Critical. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A comparison of various bird habitats. B．The challenges birds face during harsh winter months. C．The cultural significance of New Year’s Eve fireworks. D．The ecological effects of fireworks on birds and proposed solutions. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍烟花对鸟类的生态影响及研究人员提出的解决办法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We already knew that many water birds react strongly, but now we also see the effect on other birds throughout the Netherlands.(我们已经知道许多水鸟反应强烈，但现在我们也看到了对荷兰各地其他鸟类的影响)”以及第四段中的“Measures to ensure this are especially important in open areas such as grasslands, where many larger birds spend the winter. The effects of fireworks on birds are less pronounced near forests and semi-open habitats. In addition, smaller birds such as tits and finches live there, which are less likely to fly away from disturbance.(在草原等开阔地区，许多大型鸟类在此越冬，确保这一点的措施尤为重要。在森林和半开阔栖息地附近，烟花对鸟类的影响不太明显。此外，那里生活着山雀和雀类等小型鸟类，它们不太可能因干扰而飞走)”可知，水鸟和开阔栖息地的大型鸟类受烟花影响最大。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend averagely 10% of time longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks.(去年，IBED的其他研究人员发现，天鹅受到烟花的影响很大，在至少接下来的11天里，它们寻找食物的时间平均比正常情况多10%。显然，在逃离烟花后，它们需要这段时间来恢复到以前的能量状态)”可知，天鹅在烟花过后需要更长时间觅食是为了弥补飞行反应中消耗的能量。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It would be best for birds if we moved towards light shows without sound, such as drone shows or decorative fireworks without very loud bangs.(如果我们转向无声的灯光表演，比如无人机表演或没有很大声响的装饰性烟花，对鸟类来说是最好的)”可知，研究人员对用无人机表演替代烟花持支持态度。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段点明烟花对10公里内的鸟类有影响，第二段介绍研究发现鸟类在烟花燃放后的反应及研究人员主张设立无烟花区，第三段说明天鹅受烟花影响的具体情况，第四段阐述烟花对荷兰鸟类影响大的原因，第五段提出具体的解决办法。由此可知，本文主要讲述了烟花对鸟类的生态影响及提出的解决办法。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）How people communicate with one another varies wildly from culture to culture. In our fully globalized times, it is more essential than ever to understand these differences and where they come from. One way to obtain such an understanding is through the concept of high-context and low-context cultures, developed by Edward T. Hall. High-context cultures use communication that focuses on underlying context, meaning, and tones in the message, and not just the words themselves. On the contrary, low-context cultures expect the content of communication to be evidently stated so that there’s no risk of confusion, and if a message isn’t clear enough, it will slow down the process of communication. In the most extreme cases, leaving any sort of wiggle room for interpretation can be catastrophic (灾难性的). Although it can be a complex characteristic whether a culture is high-context or low-context, it can determine many other aspects of a particular culture. For example, in a high-context culture, similarity is an crucial characteristic. This is because the majority of the population in high-context cultures typically have the same level of education, as well as a shared ethnicity, religion, and history. Through these shared experiences, messages can be contextualized by assuming an audience will think in the same way and follow the hidden message in someone’s speech or writing. In low-context cultures, the opposite is true. Low-context cultures are usually diverse, and focus on the individual, instead of the group. Communication must be basic enough to allow for as many people to understand it as possible. Just as communication in general is different for high-context and low-context cultures, the forms of communication also vary. Generally, high-context cultures prefer oral communication, while low-context cultures favor written communication. When it comes to emails, texts, and online messaging, it is more common to send brief and frequent messages in low-context cultures. Low-context cultures also want the communication to focus on basic questions, like: What’s happening? Where’s it happening? When’s it going to happen? How’s it going to happen? High-context cultures will tend to move in the other direction, with a focus on longer forms of communication that don’t always focus on basic questions. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making an assumption. B．By analyzing the present situation. C．By sharing the history of a theory. D．By making a comparison. 2．What do the underlined words ‌“wiggle room” in paragraph 2 mean? A．The freedom to make changes. B．The need for additional knowledge. C．The chance to reject dialogues. D．The desire for less confusion. 3．Why do high-context cultures possess the feature of similarity? A．Personal interests give way to group interests. B．Speakers seek to make themselves fully understood. C．Individuals try to narrow differences and bridge gaps. D．Collective experiences shape the same way of thinking. 4．How do high-context and low-context cultures differ in the forms of communication? A．High-context cultures pursue politeness. B．High-context cultures barely chat online. C．Low-context cultures care about the results. D．Low-context cultures prefer simple exchanges. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高语境文化和低语境文化的概念，阐述了两种文化在交流方面的特点及交流形式的差异。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“How people communicate with one another varies wildly from culture to culture. In our fully globalized times, it is more essential than ever to understand these differences and where they come from. One way to obtain such an understanding is through the concept of high context and low context cultures, developed by Edward T. Hall. (不同文化背景下人们的交流方式差异很大。在我们完全全球化的时代，理解这些差异及其根源比以往任何时候都更加重要。获得这种理解的一种方法是通过爱德华·T·霍尔提出的高语境和低语境文化的概念。)”可知，作者先分析了全球化背景下理解文化交流差异的必要性，进而引出高语境和低语境文化的话题。由此可推断，作者是通过分析现状来引入文章主题的。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“On the contrary, low context cultures expect the content of communication to be evidently stated so that there’s no risk of confusion, and if a message isn’t clear enough, it will slow down the process of communication. In the most extreme cases, leaving any sort of wiggle room for interpretation can be catastrophic (灾难性的). (相反，低语境文化期望交流内容能够明确表述，这样就不会有混淆的风险，如果信息不够清晰，就会减慢交流过程。在最极端的情况下，留下任何可供解释的……都可能是灾难性的。)”可知，在低语境文化中，交流内容要明确，不能有让人产生不同理解的空间，否则会有不好的结果。所以“wiggle room”指的是“做出改变或有不同理解的自由空间”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, in a high context culture, similarity is an crucial characteristic. This is because the majority of the population in high context cultures typically have the same level of education, as well as a shared ethnicity, religion, and history. Through these shared experiences, messages can be contextualized by assuming an audience will think in the same way and follow the hidden message in someone’s speech or writing. (例如，在高语境文化中，相似性是一个关键特征。这是因为高语境文化中的大多数人通常具有相同的教育水平，以及共同的种族、宗教和历史。通过这些共同的经历，可以假设听众会以同样的方式思考，并理解某人言语或文字中的隐含信息，从而使信息具有上下文语境。)”可知，高语境文化中的大多数人通常具有相同的教育水平，以及共同的种族、宗教和历史，所以高语境文化具有相似性特征是因为集体经历塑造了相同的思维方式。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When it comes to emails, texts, and online messaging, it is more common to send brief and frequent messages in low context cultures. Low context cultures also want the communication to focus on basic questions, like: What’s happening? Where’s it happening? When’s it going to happen? How’s it going to happen? High-context cultures will tend to move in the other direction, with a focus on longer forms of communication that don’t always focus on basic questions. (在电子邮件、短信和在线消息方面，低语境文化中更常见的是发送简短而频繁的消息。低语境文化也希望交流集中在基本问题上，比如：发生了什么事?在哪里发生?什么时候会发生?会如何发生?高语境文化则倾向于朝另一个方向发展，注重较长的交流形式，而不是总是关注基本问题。)”可知，在交流形式上，低语境文化更喜欢简单的交流方式。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Traditional methods of diagnosing mental health conditions rely on direct conversations between patients and mental specialists. However, these methods often face challenges such as follow-up track over time and reliance on the doctors’ subjective judgments. To address these issues, scientists are exploring AI tools that can automate the process. Researchers at South-Central Minzu University in China developed an AI acoustic (声学的) model that detects slight changes in a patient’s voice. It analyzes the sound properties of speech, such as pitch, rhythm, and tone, to identify markers of mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. Unlike text-based AI, which can be influenced by cultural biases (偏见) or language barriers, acoustic model focuses on how words are spoken rather than the words themselves. To detect minor changes in a patient’s voice, the model undergoes pre-training on large speech datasets to recognize general speech patterns. This foundational step allows the system to identify complex audio variations that may signal mental health issues. The model is then fine-tuned using recordings of depressed patients to specialize in detecting depression. Results showed 96% accuracy in detecting depression and 95% accuracy in categorizing its severity into four levels. Another method, developed by researchers at Sorbonne University in Paris, uses smartphone-recorded sound waves and then transforms them into spectrogram (声谱图). The AI model analyzes these visual maps to detect mental health conditions. Though still in early stages, this approach shows promise. The potential applications are vast. AI-based speech analysis can help patients who struggle to express clearly about their mental state, works across languages, and is particularly useful in rural areas with limited mental health resources. It can also assist overburdened clinicians by classifying patients and monitoring those undergoing home treatment. While diagnosis is vital, personalized treatment is the next step. AI models could help doctors tailor treatments based on specific symptoms, such as memory issues or exhaustion in depression patients, further enhancing mental health care. 1．What’s the AI tools’ advantage over traditional diagnosis methods? A．It talks directly to patients. B．It is totally independent of doctors. C．It provides more accurate diagnosis. D．It is more objective and saves time. 2．How does the AI acoustic model work? A．By understanding what patients say. B．By detecting the changes of patients. C．By analyzing patients’ ways of speaking. D．By removing patients’ language barriers. 3．What may AI-based speech analysis help patients with ? A．Clarifying mental conditions. B．Translating clinician’s advice. C．Relieving their heavy burden. D．Gaining more home treatment. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．The Promising future of AI-Models B．The Limitations of Traditional Psychiatry C．AI Diagnosis: A Revolutionary Tool for Mental Health D．AI Models: An Effective Treatment in the Medical Industry 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能在心理健康诊断中的应用及其优势。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, these methods often face challenges such as follow-up track over time and reliance on the doctors’ subjective judgments. To address these issues, scientists are exploring AI tools that can automate the process.(然而，这些方法往往面临一些挑战，例如长期随访跟踪以及对医生主观判断的依赖。为了解决这些问题，科学家们正在探索能够使这一过程自动化的人工智能工具)”可知，人工智能工具相对于传统诊断方法的优势在于它更加客观且节省时间。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers at South-Central Minzu University in China developed an AI acoustic model that detects slight changes in a patient’s voice. It analyzes the sound properties of speech, such as pitch, rhythm, and tone, to identify markers of mental health conditions like depression or anxiety.(中国中南民族大学的研究人员开发了一种人工智能声学模型，可以检测患者声音中的细微变化。它分析语音的声音特性，如音高、节奏和音调，以识别抑郁或焦虑等心理健康状况的标志)”可知，人工智能声学模型通过分析患者说话的方式来工作。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“AI-based speech analysis can help patients who struggle to express clearly about their mental state(基于人工智能的语音分析可以帮助那些难以清晰表达自己心理状态的患者)”可知，基于人工智能的语音分析可以帮助患者澄清心理状况。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Traditional methods of diagnosing mental health conditions rely on direct conversations between patients and mental specialists. However, these methods often face challenges such as follow-up track over time and reliance on the doctors’ subjective judgments. To address these issues, scientists are exploring AI tools that can automate the process.(诊断心理健康问题的传统方法依赖于患者与心理专家之间的直接对话。然而，这些方法往往面临一些挑战，例如长期随访跟踪以及对医生主观判断的依赖。为了解决这些问题，科学家们正在探索能够使这一过程自动化的人工智能工具)可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在心理健康诊断中应用及其优势，故C项“人工智能诊断：心理健康的革命性工具”概括文章主旨大意，适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Tai chi, which combines slow, gentle movements and postures (姿势) with mindfulness, is known to increase flexibility and improve balance. Now, new research suggests it’s better than aerobic (有氧的) exercise for lowering blood pressure in people with prehypertension, which is blood pressure that’s higher than normal but doesn’t quite reach the level of high blood pressure. Prehypertension is considered a warning sign that heart disease may be ahead. In the study, researchers employed 342 adults with prehypertension, whose average age was 49. Roughly half the people participated in supervised aerobic exercise, including jogging, climbing stairs, quick walking and cycling. The other half was trained to practise tai chi. Both groups got hour-long sessions (一段时间) four times a week. After 12 months, those in the tai chi group saw bigger drops in their blood pressure than those in the aerobic exercise group. Besides, nearly 22% of the people who practised tai chi saw their blood pressure fall to within the normal range, compared with nearly 16% of people in the aerobic exercise group. Fewer patients in the tai chi group went on to develop hypertension than in the aerobic exercise group. So what is the key? The practice tends to cause more of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system, says Ruth Taylor-Piliae, a professor at the University of Arizona’s College of Nursing, who was not involved in the study. The parasympathetic nervous system is the network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger. Tai chi is appealing as it requires little space or equipment. “I think the beauty of tai chi is that you don’t have to have a special gym membership,” Taylor-Piliae says. “Once you learn tai chi, you can do it anytime, anywhere. It does provide that calming, relaxing effect.” Studies have also shown that practising tai chi can help reduce the risk of falls, improve balance and walking speed in older adults, and reduce depression and anxiety. “But you have to have enough dose of tai chi,” Taylor-Piliae says. “You can’t just do it one hour, one time.” 1．What happened to those who practised tai chi in the study? A．They became smarter. B．Most of them seldom got sick. C．They all became confident and optimistic. D．Many of them began to have normal blood pressure. 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．When it is better to practise tai chi. B．How people can do tai chi easily. C．Why tai chi helps lower blood pressure. D．What makes tai chi so appealing. 3．Why is tai chi popular according to Taylor-Piliae? A．It can build the ability to keep going. B．It is convenient to practise. C．It can promote weight loss. D．It is a form of self-defence. 4．What is Taylor-Piliae’s advice on practising tai chi? A．Practising it regularly. B．Combining it with dieting. C．Practising it as early as possible. D．Combining it with other workouts. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究表明，对于患有高血压前期的人群，太极在降低血压方面比有氧运动效果更好，还阐述了太极的优势以及练习建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After 12 months, those in the tai chi group saw bigger drops in their blood pressure than those in the aerobic exercise group. Besides, nearly 22% of the people who practised tai chi saw their blood pressure fall to within the normal range, compared with nearly 16% of people in the aerobic exercise group.(12个月后，太极组的人血压下降幅度大于有氧运动组。此外，近22%的练太极拳的人血压降至正常范围，而有氧运动组中这一比例接近16%)”可知，在研究中许多练习太极的人血压开始恢复正常。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“So what is the key? The practice tends to cause more of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system, says Ruth Taylor-Piliae, a professor at the University of Arizona’s College of Nursing, who was not involved in the study. The parasympathetic nervous system is the network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger.(那么关键是什么呢？亚利桑那大学护理学院的教授露丝·泰勒-皮利亚说，这种练习往往会引起副交感神经系统更多的反应，她没有参与这项研究。副交感神经系统是在经历压力或危险后使身体放松的神经网络)”可知，该段主要解释了太极有助于降低血压的原因。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Tai chi is appealing as it requires little space or equipment. “I think the beauty of tai chi is that you don’t have to have a special gym membership,” Taylor-Piliae says. “Once you learn tai chi, you can do it anytime, anywhere. It does provide that calming, relaxing effect.(太极很有吸引力，因为它几乎不需要空间或设备。泰勒-皮利亚说：“我认为太极的美妙之处在于你不必有特殊的健身房会员资格。一旦你学会了太极，你可以随时随地练习。它确实能提供那种平静、放松的效果”)”可知，泰勒-皮利亚认为太极受欢迎是因为练习起来很方便。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““But you have to have enough dose of tai chi,” Taylor-Piliae says. “You can’t just do it one hour, one time.(泰勒-皮利亚说：“但是你必须有足够的太极练习量。你不能只练一小时，只练一次”)”可推知，泰勒-皮利亚建议要定期练习太极。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $