专题08 阅读理解20篇（记叙文+议论文）（期末真题汇编，湖南专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 20篇记叙文与议论文阅读理解汇编，精选湖南多地高二期末真题，主题涵盖个人成长、文化传承、科技社会等，兼具时代性与人文性，有效训练语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|20篇|个人成长（如学探戈、冲浪）、文化传承（苗族梯田时装秀、简·奥斯汀）、科技社会（AI伦理、校园创业）、环保公益（海洋保护、帮助无家可归者）|情境创设贴近时代，如AI washing、农业科技等热点；问题设计梯度分明，含词义猜测（如“intimidated”）、推理判断（如作者意图）、主旨大意（如最佳标题），注重思维品质与文化意识培养。|

专题08 阅读理解20篇（记叙文+议论文） 答案版 Passage 1：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B Passage 2：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B Passage 3：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A Passage 4：1.D 2.B 3.D 4.D Passage 5：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D Passage 6：1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B Passage 7：1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C Passage 8：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D Passage 9：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B Passage 10：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B Passage 11：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A Passage 12：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A Passage 13：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C Passage 14：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A Passage 15：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C Passage 1：1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B Passage 2：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B Passage 3：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage 4：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D Passage 5：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解20篇（记叙文+议论文） Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）I believe dancing is in my nature, driven by my heartbeat, blood pulse, and the music in my mind. So I dance daily. The seldom-used dining room of my house has become my ballroom, with a hardwood floor, a stereo, and a disco ball. I have some music ready: waltz, swing, country, rock -and-roll, and tango (探戈舞曲). Each morning, I turn on the music, and it’s dance time! As a quiet woman, I dance alone, considering it a form of healthy movement and moving meditation. Tango is my recent enthusiasm. It’s complex and difficult, so I take three lessons a week and go out to dance three nights a week. I m even planning a three month trip to Buenos Aires to immerse myself in tango culture. The first time I went tango dancing, I was too intimidated to get on the floor. I remembered a similar experience at a village wedding on the Greek island of Crete, where I stayed on the sidelines because the fancy footwork confused me. Moments later, an older woman, reading my mind, sat beside me and said, “If you join the dancing, you will feel foolish. If you do not, you will also feel foolish. So, why not dance?” She added that if I didn’t dance, they would know I was a fool, but if I tried, they would think well of me. Her words inspired me to take up the challenge of tango. A friend viewed my passion for tango as an ambitious pursuit, saying, “Tango? At your age? You must be out of your mind!” But I see it as a deeply considered decision. My passion for tango hides my fear of aging and boredom. I seek the thrill of starting something new that challenges my mind, body, and spirit. My goal is to dance as long as I can and then age contentedly, knowing I’ve lived fully. So, when people question my tango at my age, I say, “No, I haven’t lost my mind. I’m just living.” 1．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Bored. B．Excited. C．Frightened. D．Surprised. 2．Why did the older woman talk with the author? A．To make fun of her. B．To encourage her to dance. C．To teach her dancing skills. D．To discuss Greek wedding dance. 3．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Tango lets her live life fully. B．Dancing makes her younger. C．Aging should be faced actively. D．New challenges bring true happiness. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．My Journey to Buenos Aires. B．Dancing Beyond Age Limits. C．Challenges of Learning Tango. D．Overcoming Fear Through Tango. Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Born in Steventon, Hampshire in 1775, Jane Austen was the seventh daughter of an eight-child family. Her father was a minister and lived on a reasonable income of £600 a year. However, although they were middle class, they didn’t have enough money for life. Jane Austen was brought up with her five brothers and her elder sister Cassandra. Their relationship was very close, especially the two sisters’. Jane Austen wrote 6 novels. The earliest one, Sense and Sensibility, was begun about 1795. But not until 1811 did she succeed in publishing it with the help of her brother, and on release, it sold well. However, Jane achieved little fame as her books were published anonymously (化名地), owing to the prejudice against women writers. Jane spent most of her life being separated from certain sections of society. It was not surprising then that her novels focused on two or three families of the middle or upper classes. And at that time marriage was a big issue facing women and men; often financial factors were the most important in deciding marriages. As an author, Jane objected to these financial motivations in her novels. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, her most famous novel, the main character’s mother is ridiculed for her ambitions to marry her daughters for maximum financial rewards. Jane Austen masterfully blends irony, social criticism, and humor in her writing. As one of England’s most beloved novelists, she explored themes of love and class. The strength of Jane’s novels was her ability to gain in-depth insights into the character and nature of human relationships. During her lifetime, the novels were reasonably popular. One of her strongest supporters was Walter Scott. He said of her novels: “That young lady has a talent for describing the involvements of feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.” 1．Which of the following best describes Jane Austen’s family? A．Wealthy and noble. B．Poor but well-connected. C．Middle-class but distant. D．Working-class with literary ambitions. 2．Why were Jane Austen’s novels published under an assumed name? A．To protect her privacy. B．To achieve instant fame. C．To stay away from attention. D．To avoid social discrimination. 3．The author mentions Pride and Prejudice in Paragraph 3 to present ______. A．Austen’s personal experiences. B．Austen’s limited social perspective. C．Austen’s criticism on money-based marriage values. D．Austen’s different attitude towards marriage from her mother’s. 4．What contributes to Austen’s success according to Walter Scott? A．Her family’s support. B．Her talent for writing. C．Her ambition to succeed. D．Her sharp social commentary. Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）I was a volunteer with the city of Milpitas and was studying at Mission College. One night after going to class, I was heading home and decided to stop off at a burrito (墨西哥卷饼) restaurant. I got my burrito and started to head for my car when I was approached by a homeless man. He was very dirty and obviously very hungry. He asked me for some change to buy a little food. As I was pulling some change out, I had an idea. I asked him to follow me back into the burrito restaurant to order. He was ashamed of the way he looked and said he did not want to go in there. But I insisted. When he finally followed me in, the people behind the counter (柜台) refused to let him in, but I told them that I was buying him dinner and he had a right to be there. After we argued over it for a while, they finally gave in. It seemed like he was relieved a bit to be sitting at a table. I asked him to order whatever he wanted. But he only ordered a burrito. For someone who has been on the fringes (边缘) of society, he was very surprised at my generosity. But to me, it was what any “human being” should do or at least offer. You had to be there to see the look in his face. It reminded me when I was young, my mom brought out a big birthday cake for me on my birthday, with all the candy, chocolate and goodies that we were about to eat. I think he felt special, like he was getting attention, something that I could see he hadn’t experienced in a long time. I often think about this story because, to me, it’s not just about helping someone out by feeding them. It’s more about giving them the respect and dignity of being a human being and allowing them to feel good about themselves. 1．Why did the homeless man approach the author? A．To ask for a lift. B．To beg for money. C．To request a burrito. D．To seek company. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Where to sit in the restaurant. B．What to order for the homeless man. C．Whether to buy dinner for the homeless man. D．Whether to allow the homeless man to enter the restaurant. 3．Why does the author mention his birthday in paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate his wonderful childhood. B．To stress the importance of enjoying a feast. C．To contrast his life with that of the homeless man. D．To describe the happy feelings of the homeless man. 4．What does the author suggest doing in the last paragraph? A．Treating others with respect. B．Fighting against the world of hunger. C．Encouraging acts of bravery. D．Paying attention to the homeless. Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南湘潭·期末）This was my fifth trip to China, but my visit to the Jiabang Terraces (梯田) in Guizhou Province was like no other. As I stepped onto a wooden runway built right in the middle of the terraced fields, I was immediately transported into a world filled with rich culture and creativity. Miao ethnic villagers, wearing their most beautiful traditional clothes, were ready to present a special fashion show. Their silver ornaments jingled softly as they moved, some carrying farming tools or baskets with live ducklings and fish fry — symbols of thousands of years of agricultural heritage. The models walked on the runway with the terraces as a backdrop, wearing dresses decorated with Miao embroidery (刺绣), batik (蜡染), and silver elements. Surprisingly, robots and robotic dogs dressed in Miao patterns joined the show It was a perfect mix of the old and the new. At the spectacle of the fashion show, I couldn’t help but use my phone to record every moment. “Compared to Australia, China’s history and minority cultures are incredible,” I thought. This was my first time here, and it gave me an experience I’d never forget, especially the way they celebrated agricultural activities and showed their local customs. The fashion show, which would bring China’s traditional heritage to the 2025 World Exposition in Osaka, Japan this June, means more people around the world will witness and appreciate this unique cultural display. The handcrafted embroidery was so delicate and seeing children in colorful costumes proudly showcasing it to the audience was heartwarming. My trip to Jiabang Terraces was truly wonderful, as its fashion show combined modern design with traditional culture. It’s inspiring to see China preserving its traditional culture and sharing them with the whole world. This trip has not only left me with unforgettable memories but also made me realize how beautifully China balances its long-standing traditions with modern progress — a journey I’ll always cherish. 1．What did the Miao ethnic villagers use to showcase their agricultural traditions in the fashion show? A．Modern farming machines. B．Robots and robotic dogs in Miao embroidery. C．Hand- made embroidery cloth. D．Traditional farming tools and live animals. 2．How did the author feel about his trip to the Jiabang Terraces? A．Tired but satisfied. B．Excited and impressed.     C．Surprised and anxious. D．Nervous and confused. 3．What is the main purpose of Guizhou’s village fashion show going to the 2025 Osaka Expo.? A．To advertise more farming tools. B．To make more money from tickets. C．To buy modern fashion designs from Japan. D．To promote China’s intangible cultural heritage. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly highlight? A．The challenges in preserving ethnic traditions. B．The need for more cultural exchange programs. C．The global popularity of China’s fashion industry. D．The author’s personal reflections and cultural admiration. Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）With a pair of glasses on his nose, 66-year-old Han Hua told tales of his table tennis coaching career with photos showcasing his trainees’ victories in China, Tunisia and France. Born in 1958, Han’s passion for table tennis started at a young age. A mix of talent and constant dedication brought him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to an enviable spot in the national team. Apart from being a professional table tennis player, he also brought out the best in himself as an exceptional coach. China has dispatched (派遣) coaches in sports to enhance the competitiveness of nations far and wide since the 1950s. As one of them, Han embarked on a 12-year coaching journey in Tunisia in 1984. Under his guidance, Tunisia’s table tennis team amazed the African continent, leading to a historic milestone when four Tunisian players were admitted into the 1988 Olympics, representing a quarter of the continent’s quota (指标) at the time. In the 1990s, France was in a golden era of table tennis, led by the persistent Jean-Philippe Gatien, whose rise as Olympic runner-up and world champion promised a period of French dominance in the sport. The French team, made up of gaten, Patrick Chila, Christophe Legout and Damian Eloi, achieved remarkable achievements in the World Cup and World Championships. However, as they retired in the early years of this century, no such achievements were achieved in the once-mighty team, causing the French Table Tennis Federation (FFTT) to seek a savior to restore the nation to its former glory. Han, with his plentiful coaching experience and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate. After three years of constant dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most outstanding performance in four decades — Emmanuel Lebesson won the men’s singles title, while Simon Gauzy secured the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships. 1．What can we know about Han Hua in the first two paragraphs? A．His coaching experience is incomparable. B．He used to be a player in various countries. C．He has two different roles related to table tennis. D．His success in table tennis is mainly due to his talent. 2．Why was Han Hua sent to Tunisia? A．To enhance his playing technique. B．To join Tunisia’s table tennis team. C．To represent Tunisia to enter various competitions. D．To strengthen Tunisia’s table tennis competitiveness. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The leadership of French in table tennis. B．The current situation of French in table tennis. C．The shift of French table tennis from glory to depression. D．The efforts made by the French table tennis team to hire a good coach. 4．What made Han Hua an ideal coach for the French table tennis team? A．His constant commitment to table tennis. B．His accomplishments in playing table tennis. C．His coaching experience and talent in table tennis. D．His master y of coaching skills and language ability. Passage 6 （2025高二下·湖南邵阳·期末）A line of people are disappearing, one by one, into a hedgerow (灌木树篱) on a hillside near Aylesbury, England. Hidden inside the thick hedgerow, under the spreading branches of a tree, is a spacious hole, with the shower head fixed to the tree’s trunk. As the benefits of spending time in green spaces are well-documented, people like Tony Langford see a beneficial opportunity. Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. Today he’s showing a group of 15 local farmers how this is taking shape there, from community festivals to “nature bathing” walks. Eddie Rixon, a third-generation farmer at Lopemede Farm near Thame, is another. He took over the beef farm 10 years ago, but in 2019 there was a serious disease outbreak in the cattle. With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. “Now we have the art forest school here and we’re making about 6,000 a year,” Rixon says. “Not only am I increasing the biodiversity here, but I’m increasing the social and community aspect of educating children—and economically it’s working. Meanwhile, Rixon is delighted that the farm is at the heart of the community again. He grew up reading comics that showed farmers shouting: “Get off my land!” “We’ve kind of switched that to get on our land, ” he laughs. But this isn’t a free-for-all. Rixon has a code of conduct for visitors, and some areas remain out of bounds for safety reasons. He’s also using technology to open up the farm remotely, including installing cameras in owl boxes, which allow local schoolchildren to watch owl’s chicks without disturbing their nests. “Often, there’s a farm gate which is closed with a sign saying: ‘Beware of the dog’ or whatever,” says Langford. “I’m thinking — how can we open that farm gate?” 1．Why did Tony Langford create the “hedge shower”? A．To promote local community festivals. B．To document the benefits of green spaces. C．To attract more farmers to his farm. D．To offer campers a natural shower experience. 2．What led Eddie Rixon to establish the art forest school? A．A teacher’s suggestion about an art center. B．His daughters’ interest in forest education. C．The need to reuse unproductive farmland. D．The desire to expand his cattle farm. 3．What can be inferred about Rixon’s management of visitor access to his farm? A．He prioritizes unrestricted public entry. B．He focuses solely on educational activities. C．He discourages interaction with wildlife. D．He balances openness with safety measures. 4．Which word best describes farmers like Langford and Rixon? A．Traditional. B．Innovative. C．Economical. D．Demanding. Passage 7 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）One of the biggest risks a modern student faces is a broken phone or laptop. Jake Hertz and Isaac Roberts are two UR students that have launched a new business to fix this exact need: Campus Tech Repair. Hertz and Roberts started their business three weeks ago. In those three weeks, they had amazing success. In the first day they had posters up, they received nearly a dozen calls from students. Despite not having backgrounds in business, the two gladly accepted the challenges of starting up such an in-demand service. Hertz and Roberts experienced such a high demand because of the lack of any other hardware repair service on campus. The IT Center itself only provides software fixes: Hertz supposed that this was because of the increased liabilities (法律责任) faced by repair services. Hertz and Roberts did make customers sign a release of liability, yet they also wanted to build a higher level of trust. This, Hertz noted, was the only real challenge that they expected to face. Becoming directly affiliated (隶属) with or sponsored by the school could solve the problem of community trust. Hertz and Roberts have already engaged in conversation with the University toward this end. The Ain Center for Entrepreneurship they turn to seeks to “identify and create new partnerships with students, alumni, local businesses, and nonprofit organizations.” One program of the Ain Center that the two wish to look into is the “Student Incubator (孵化器).” Such a move would allow them to develop a more-permanent structure to Campus Tech Repair. The Incubator provides resources such as furnished office space, Wi-Fi, access to conference room, and guidance. Yet, there’s a problem with this. “The appeal of what we do is that we’re on campus, so we both just work out of our rooms,” Hertz said. Hertz is optimistic about the future of the business. They believe that with the support of the University, and the community, they could become an inseparable part of campus services. 1．Why did the business of Hertz and Roberts start well? A．Because it was much needed. B．Because they were well-known. C．Because they were expert in business. D．Because the school provided no software services. 2．How did they try to win customers’ trust? A．Making them sign a release of liability. B．Seeking cooperation with the university. C．Establishing partnerships with other students. D．Looking for sponsorship from local businesses. 3．For Hertz and Roberts, what’s the problem with Student Incubator? A．They can’t afford the cost of it. B．They can’t use all its resources. C．They are not qualified to join it. D．They don’t want to work in its offices. 4．What is the passage about? A．Student Incubator of the university. B．Student experts in hardware repairs. C．Students start a business on campus. D．Students work their way through university. Passage 8 （2025高二下·湖南永州·期末）Esther Kimani, a 29-year-old pioneer in agritech, is changing the lives of smallholder farmers across Africa. As the founder of Farmer Lifeline Technologies (FLT), she has applied artificial intelligence (AI) to fight against crop pests (害虫) and diseases, significantly reducing losses for rural farmers. Kimani's journey began in a small Kenyan village on the Aberdare Mountains. Witnessing firsthand the severe impact of pests and diseases on their crops — and consequently, their income — she understood early how agricultural losses could mean unmet basic needs like school fees and healthcare. Despite these challenges, Kimani became the first girl from her village to attend university, studying computer science. It was there that she recognized the potential of technology to solve rural farmers' struggles, and that's how FLT was born. In Kenya alone,7.5 million smallholder farmers lose up to 50% of their yield (产量) to pests and diseases annually — losses that could feed millions. Traditional solutions like hiring agricultural consultants or using drones (无人机) are prohibitively expensive. To solve this critical issue, she developed an AI-powered camera, which is set up on farms at no upfront cost. It scans crops continuously and warns farmers through Short Message Service (SMS) for $3 per month when pests or diseases are detected. A key focus for Kimani is supporting women farmers, who make up 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing nations, but who often lack access to technology. "Men in rural communities tend to have smartphones, while women rely on basic feature phones," she notes. "Through SMS, we ensure women aren't left behind." Kimani's innovation has already impacted thousands of farmers, 78% of whom have reported a yield increase of over 36%. Her team aims to reach 200 thousand farms across the country within five years. For Kimani, success in 2030 means seeing 200 thousand smallholder farmers living with dignity — affording education, healthcare, and financial stability through improved yields. Kimani is not just building a company; she's reshaping the future of African agriculture. 1．Why did Kimani found FLT? A．To fund rural farmers. B．To transform farming. C．To expand AI industry. D．To research crop types. 2．How does the AI-powered camera help farmers? A．By sending them timely warnings. B．By connecting them to consultants. C．By controlling drones to scan crops. D．By driving pests away automatically. 3．What is an advantage of Kimani's innovation? A．Equal access. B．Tailored service. C．Large storage. D．Easy maintenance. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Financial policies affect agriculture. B．African agriculture will take the lead. C．Kimani will pursue further education. D．Kimani's innovation powers a bright future. Passage 9 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Shane Gross is from Saskatchewan, Canada, a province far away from the sea, so his first underwater experiences were in a cold, green lake with a disposable film camera. Despite this, he’s always been fascinated by the ocean, especially sharks, and watched Jaws countless times. After backpacking through Australia in 2009 and diving along the way, he decided to pursue his passion seriously. In 2011, he moved to the Bahamas to work as a dive instructor, which allowed him to spend more time in the water and improve his photography skills. In 2017, while diving at one of their regular spots, “Sea Garden”, Gross and his girlfriend encountered a turtle (海龟). They were deeply upset at the terrible scene—the turtle was trapped, struggling, and ultimately dying. Realizing there was nothing they could do to save it, Gross removed the abandoned fishing line wrapped around the turtle and documented the moment. His photograph later won first place in the conservation category of the 2019 International Ocean Art Underwater Photo Competition, bringing attention to the problem of sea waste that often goes unseen. When asked about his approach to creating remarkable underwater photography, Shane Gross advises underwater photographers to go beyond just one image. He encourages them to document the entire scene they’re passionate about, even if it means taking some shots above the water. Once you have a story to tell, create a shot list and keep shooting until you have recorded it fully. For Shane, spending time in the ocean is deeply fulfilling. “I live a marine (海洋的) lifestyle,” he says. “But most people don’t share this connection.” To bridge this gap, he created Bahamas Underwater, a book combining stories and vivid imagery to introduce people to marine ecosystems and their wonders. Shane recommends that taking time to admire the breathtaking views of the ocean should be the initial step toward creating meaningful change — a shift from indifference to active care. 1．What can we learn about Shane Gross from paragraph 1? A．He grew up in the coastal area. B．He longed to be a dive instructor. C．He followed his childhood passion. D．He did academic research on sharks. 2．Why did Shane take a photo of the sea turtle? A．To criticize overfishing. B．To protect natural habitats. C．To save the injured animal. D．To highlight marine pollution. 3．What is the key to good underwater photography according to paragraph 3? A．A large image. B．A unique scene. C．A complete story. D．A strong motivation. 4．What does Shane suggest as the first step toward caring for the ocean? A．Promoting green lifestyles. B．Appreciating ocean’s beauty. C．Sharing marine knowledge. D．Documenting nature’s wonders. Passage 10 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Soon after Mr. & Mrs. Bacchus started farming their little patch of land, they faced a major problem — a plague of birds fed on their precious crops. Then, a man stopped on the road outside their house, and asked the couple if he could take photographs of the birds on the property. Afterwards, he suggested that instead of trying to get rid of the birds, they should instead learn to live alongside them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born. Today, the couple credit this man, the celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa, with changing their lives, and helping them persuade others of the vital importance of conservation in this region. Birding tourism is flourishing in Ecuador, with increasing numbers of specialist tour groups. Ecuador contains a variety of ecosystems at differing elevations, which helps explain why it’s among the top 10 countries in the world for bird diversity. The country is home to over 1,600 bird species — nearly double the number found in all of Europe — within an area just slightly larger than the UK. As the business of birding grows, more and more farmers are switching their land from agriculture to bird reserves, benefiting not just the birds, but the country’s economy too. One notable example is the Ajila family, who have devoted themselves to preserving the long-wattled umbrellabird. On his land near Recinto, landowner Luis Ajila has switched from dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists — work that he says is a better livelihood than farming. “Wildlife tourism is much more profitable than farming, but that wasn’t our only motivation,” says Luis Jr., Ajila’s son. “We aimed to protect not just the umbrellabird, but all the unique wildlife here, safeguarding them for future generations.” Since 2005, Angel Paz has transformed his former dairy farm into a bird reserve. At first, things didn’t go to plan: it took a month for the first visitor to arrive, and he paid just $10 for a four-hour tour. Since then, however, thousands of people have made the pilgrimage. “I have protected my home and its birdlife for almost two decades, and finally watched the wildlife — and the people who visit — flourish,” Angel Paz says. 1．What advice did the photographer give to the couple? A．Photographing the birds. B．Coexisting with the birds. C．Protecting their precious crops. D．Taking care of their property. 2．What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A．How Ecuador is geographically unique. B．What distinguishes Ecuador’s biodiversity. C．What makes Ecuador a birding destination. D．How birding tourism is operated in Ecuador. 3．What have the Ajila family achieved? A．Helping other farmers shake off poverty. B．Combining profitability with sustainability. C．Applying new technology in modern farming. D．Changing the landscapes of their residential areas. 4．What can we learn from Ángel Paz’s story? A．Well begun is half done. B．It takes time to bear fruit. C．The early bird catches the worm. D．The secret to success is adaptability. Passage 11 （2024高二下·湖南益阳·期末）When Ariel Cordova rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, last November, she planned to go hiking and bird-watching. A mile into her walk, she spotted a beautiful female mute swan near the water’s edge. Cordova, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund recovery center, knew that mute swans can be aggressive (侵略性的). But as she approached this one, it didn’t move. She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova draped (披，悬挂) her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it gently in her arms. She was wondering how to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike to the recovery center when, luckily, some confused strangers driving by offered her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station. Cordova called the recovery center on the way, and Tristan, an animal care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove the bird, the bike, and the rescuer to the facility (场所). There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead (铅) poisoning. Sadly, even with all that tender loving care, the swan got contracted, which caused her passed away two months after being rescued. It’s a disappointing ending, but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city. In all, Cordova traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway. “That’s the perfect summary of who she is,” says Tristan. 1．What made Cordova believe the bird needed medical attention? A．Its careful move. B．Its aggressive nature. C．Its unusual behavior. 2．How did Cordova finally get to the recovery center? A．She walked two hours. B．A manager took her by car. C．Some stranger picked her up. 3．What does the underlined word “contracted” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Infected. B．Rescued. C．Killed. 4．Which of the following can best describe Cordova? A．Caring. B．Demanding. C．Professional. Passage 12 （2024高二下·湖南张家界·期末）Craig Foster was diving off the southern-most tip of Africa when he saw her — an octopus (章鱼) hiding under shells and stones. Attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature, trying to prove he wasn’t an enemy by staying very still in her presence. For weeks she escaped him: hiding in her cave, masking herself, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack. And then, after 26 days, she reached out and touched him. Foster was able to have intimate (亲密的) moments of this octopus’ short life by spending up to two hours following her every day for a year. Foster said if you gained the trust of an animal over a period of months, it would actually ignore you to a certain degree, carry on with its normal life and allow you to step inside its secret world. The most powerful moment for Foster was when she allowed him to follow her on a hunt. It was not like arriving upon a hunting scene in a Jeep on land. In the water it was intimate. When she chose to let him go into her world, it was a very, very special moment of not just being accepted, but that his presence to her also felt natural, like he belonged in that space with her. Foster has spent the last ten years diving to relieve his depression. Putting himself in this underwater world has calmed his mind. Over the years, other animals also have reached out to make contact, including otters, whales, cuttlefish and even sharks. But nothing has compared to his “once-in-a-lifetime” bond with the octopus. Foster says the greatest lesson she taught him is that humans are part of the natural world around us, and not simply visitors. Our role in the natural world is the most precious gift we have been given. 1．How did Craig Foster deal with the octopus? A．By protecting her from enemies. B．By controlling her moving range. C．By keeping observing her quietly. D．By feeding her with her favorite food. 2．Which word can best describe Craig Foster? A．Ambitious. B．Cooperative. C．Patient. D．Energetic. 3．What can be learned about the octopus according to the text? A．She was the only animal that contacted Foster. B．She got used to the presence of Foster gradually. C．She regarded Foster as the most experienced hunter. D．She paid no attention to Foster throughout the contact. 4．What is the purpose of Craig Foster’s years of diving? A．To deal with his mental problem. B．To reach out to make contact with ocean animals. C．To explore the secret of the creatures under the water. D．To look for his once-in-a-lifetime bond with the octopus. Passage 13 （2024高二下·湖南·期末）On a cold morning in May, I received a fascinating e-mail from a high school friend, inviting me to a 10-day all-female surfing adventure in Portugal. The offer was irresistible, and I instantly knew my answer was yes. The trip seemed simple enough. Ten women, ranging from 30 to 45years old, all strangers, would gather on the Portuguese coast to accept the challenge of surfing the Atlantic waves. As a fan of travel, I quickly sought permission from my boss for this once-in-a-lifetime journey. Through my 33 years, I’ve observed a common adult tendency: We often limit ourselves to improving skills we already have. There’s a certain pride in improving our expert knowledge, becoming increasingly knowledgeable in our chosen fields, yet unintentionally, this focus often leaves other skills undeveloped and leads to ignoring other areas of potential growth. Two days later, I arrived in Ericeira, a charming surf town, where I met my surfing group. Despite our different personalities and backgrounds, we were all united in a passionate desire to challenge ourselves, learn, tackle and grow. The shores at Ericeira, where the beginners learn to surf, are shallow and covered with slippery rocks. They make for softer waves but are difficult to navigate (驾驭). Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air. Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humbleness that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on. While surfing might not be my calling, trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life, to step outside of my comfort zone and to never stop believing in myself. You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try. 1．What motivated the author to join the surf trip to Portugal? A．The longing to seek and enjoy a challenge. B．The need to reunite with a high school friend. C．The love to meet strangers with shared interest. D．The chance to undertake work duties in Portugal. 2．What is a common tendency among adults according to the author? A．They refuse to upgrade their professional skills. B．They tend to improve their existing skills only. C．They avoid exploring new areas on purpose. D．They are too proud to improve themselves. 3．Which of the following can best describe the author’s surfing experiences? A．Tough but worthwhile. B．Common and smooth. C．Boring and discouraging. D．Relaxing but unpredictable. 4．What does the text want to convey? A．Birds of a feather flock together. B．He who laughs last, laughs best. C．Life begins at the end of your comfort zone. D．The grass is always greener on the other side. Passage 14 （2024高二下·湖南郴州·期末）The first time my daughter, Maia, realized I was leaving on a trip without her, she was alarmed. “Why did you even have me if you were just going to leave me behind? ” she sobbed. I tried to tell her that someday she’d understand the appeal of travel. But as my husband, Evan, pulled her off my leg so I could leave, I wondered if my solo trips would be worth the effort of going without her. Returning home after a few days away, I felt energized and inspired. Maia was happy to hear about my trip. But this was the age of learning about compromises. As in: “You have to wear a coat, but we’ll compromise and you can choose which one.” She told me I could keep going on trips for work — but we’d compromise: she’d come with me. When she was six, we flew to the Riviera Maya in Mexico. I was impressed by how cheerfully fearless she was when we swam in cenotes (天然井) or dived along a reef. In Fiji, nine-year-old Maia was attracted by the compassionate (有同情心的) women chiefs we met and decided she wanted to become a leader. During a trip to Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned how the coin flip of your birth country can affect your opportunities in life. When we finished up our travels and returned home to Vancouver for her high school education, it shouldn’t have come as a surprise to learn that our daughter had other ideas. Maia was thrilled when, after months of interviews, she was awarded a place to finish high school at Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa. But it was during that first airport goodbye that I realized it was my turn to be left behind. Compared to the goofy 17-year-old I’d bid goodbye to, the 21-year-old woman who came home from high school in Africa and, later, from university in France, seemed mature and unfamiliar. 1．How did Maia feel the first time she realized her mom was leaving on a trip without her? A．Sad. B．Amazed. C．Confused. D．Excited. 2．What does the author want to tell in paragraph 3? A．Maia’s joy of travel. B．Maia’s travel experiences. C．Maia’s impression on travel. D．Maia’s bravery during her travels. 3．What did Maria do for high school education after returning home to Vancouver? A．Maia finished high school in Vancouver. B．Maia got an award in high school. C．Maia applied for a school in Africa. D．Maia went on travelling in Southern Africa. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Travel shapes a person. B．Life is like a journey. C．All roads lead to Rome. D．Parents are the best teachers. Passage 15 （2024高二下·湖南益阳·期末）Raised in Bengaluru, Meera has always showed a keen interest in exploring the city’s rich heritage. She used to visit many lesser-known structures around the city. As an enthusiast, she enjoyed uncovering these hidden treasures and had always longed to make a meaningful contribution. When she grew up, Meera worked as a writer, focusing on topics related to forests and science. She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation. A key moment that redirected her career path was a visit to Devanahalli Fort. During her visit, she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage. The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural. But there, she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it. To preserve the forgotten heritage, she joined INTACH, a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of unprotected architectural heritage all over India. There are thousands of monument s in the country protected by the government. However, there are also small temples, buildings, schools, and homes that hold historical significance but are ignored. Besides restoration and preservation, they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage. While they do welcome tourists and travelers, their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident. The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage. Also, the team starts from looking for a prospective building, then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project. In the past years, they have restored buildings in and around Bengaluru such as Mayo Hall, Tipu’s Armoury, Gangubai Hangal, Museum, the Old OPD Building at NIMHANS which is now a museum, the Oriental Research Institute in Mysuru among others. They face many issues, with funding being the major challenge. However, she felt jammy enough to find enthusiastic individuals wanting to contribute as well as government funding here and there. 1．What does Meera truly love? A．Writing articles. B．Protecting heritage. C．Studying science. D．Exploring forests. 2．What made Meera surprised about Devanahalli Fort? A．It had such a long history. B．Its heritage was well protected. C．Its history and heritage were unknown. D．It was of great architectural importance. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Meera and the team? A．Their advantages. B．Their efforts. C．Their difficulties. D．Their spirits. 4．What does the underlined word “jammy” mean in the last paragraph? A．Upset. B．Anxious. C．Fortunate. D．Familiar. Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南湘潭·期末）This year, Amazon received critical headlines when reports questioned the “Just Walk Out” technology at its physical grocery stores. The AI-powered system enables customers to simply pick their items and leave, with the AI using numerous sensors to determine purchases and automatically bill customers. However, reports claimed it required 1,000 Indian workers to check many transactions (交易). Amazon dismissed this as false, saying the staff reviewed the system, a common AI practice to ensure reliability. This case highlights “AI washing”. AI washing, similar to the concept of “green washing”, refers to companies making overstated claims about their use of AI. Some firms claim to use AI when they are actually using less-advanced computing methods. Others overstate the efficacy of their AI compared to existing techniques. According to OpenOcean, a UK-based investment fund, only 10% of tech start-ups mentioned using AI in their proposals in 2023. This number rose to more than a quarter in 2024 and is expected to exceed a third this year. The intense competition for funding and the desire to appear innovative have pushed some companies to exaggerate their AI capabilities. The problem of AI washing has been quietly lingering for several years. In a 2019 study, OpenOcean found that 40% of new tech firms that described themselves as “AI start-ups” in fact used virtually no AI at all. Currently, many companies simply attach an AI chatbot onto their existing non-AI operating software, giving the false impression of advanced AI integration. The lack of a single, agreed-upon definition of AI further worsens this issue. AI washing can have significant consequences. For businesses, it may lead to overpaying for technology and failing to meet operational goals. For investors, it becomes harder to identify truly innovative companies. And for consumers, unmet expectations from products claiming advanced AI can weaken trust in legal AI-driven start-ups. Regulators are starting to take action. The US government has already charged firms for false AI claims, and in the UK, relevant rules are in place. In the long run, as AI becomes more widespread, the problem of AI washing may decline naturally, as “AI-powered” will no longer be a unique selling point. 1．What did Amazon claim about the staff involved in the “Just Walk Out” technology in paragraph 1? A．Their task was to check all transactions by hand. B．They were mainly responsible for installing sensors. C．They examine the system to guarantee its dependability. D．They were proficient in AI and emphasized AI washing. 2．What can be inferred from the change in the percentage of tech start-ups from 2023 to 2024? A．More start-ups actually developed real AI technology. B．The competition for funding has made start-ups more innovative. C．The quality of AI technology in start-ups has significantly improved. D．The trend of AI washing has become more common among start-ups. 3．What is likely to happen in the future for AI washing? A．consumers will trust AI products more. B．AI washing will boost real AI development. C．investors can easily detect valuable AI firms. D．Companies using AI washing will face more legal risks. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．AI: A Selling Point B．AI Washing: A Rising Concern C．AI: A Hidden Danger D．AI Washing: A Promising Technology Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南湘西·期末）The Inspiring Life Lessons Harry Potter Taught Us The wizarding world of Harry Potter has fascinated and attracted all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in revenue worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles (麻瓜). Take a look at a few of the life lessons from the wizarding world. People are complicated. Fairytales teach children that the world is only split into good and bad people. The Harry Potter series, however, make the characters alive by giving them multi-faceted (多层次的) personalities and changeable emotions. Take Harry for example: loyal, brave, kind, yet has moments of selfish impulsivity (冲动). Ron, for all his traits (特征) that most men have, as Hermione puts it, “the emotional range of a teaspoon”.  Even Hermione’s fierce intelligence can sometimes seem bossy and overpowering. If learning that no one is perfect isn’t a good life lesson for young people, then what is? True friendship is invaluable. Harry, Ron, and Hermione are arguably the most famous friends in literary history. Throughout the novels, their friendship is tested but always survives, stronger than ever. Yet through it all we learn the most important lesson: don’t take your friends for granted because they will be there through anything life throws at you. Other important life lessons we can learn from the Harry Potter series are: bravery comes in many forms. Competence is worth more than reputation. Virtue isn’t determined by abilities, but by choices. Always treat those below you with kindness. 1．How many life lessons did Harry Potter teach us in this article? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Everyone is imperfect. B．Ron has many special features. C．Harry has more strengths than shortcomings. D．People are neither purely good nor evil in fairy tales. 3．What makes the friendship between Harry and his friends invaluable? A．The tests of survival. B．The things happening in life. C．The hardships dealt with together. D．The arguments Harry put forward. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A fantasy fiction. B．A literary magazine. C．A news report. D．An academic journal. Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic (宇宙的) void (空白) remains silent and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism (虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless.The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the usefulness of negative spaces, declaring, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 1．What does the author suggest about the“temptation” in paragraph 2? A．It reflects humanity’s fear of cosmic emptiness. B．It strengthens people’s scientific curiosity about the void. C．It leads people to understate Earth’s unique qualities. D．It comes from the universe’s coldness to human existence. 2．Why does the author reject the temptation? A．He is a cosmologist who believes science. B．Earth remains the only known home for human experiences. C．Human experiences differ from those in voids. D．Earth’s small size and short life makes it unique. 3．What is the main purpose of paragraph 5? A．To explain why voids exist in universe and life. B．To suggest people should remove empty spaces in life. C．To analyze how emptiness in life offers significance. D．To prove filling empty spaces creates greater purpose. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Cosmic Voids: A Scientist’s Technical Analysis B．Filling the Emptiness: Finding Meaning in the Vast Universe C．Nietzsche Revisited: When Philosophy Meets Astronomy D．The Silent Universe: Why Our Existence Means Nothing Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Distraction is often said to be the major cognitive (认知的) crisis of our time. In a recent article in The Atlantic, Rose Horowitch noted that “university students have trouble staying focused on even a poem”, and many American middle and high schools have shifted from literary texts to shorter passages. Actually, accusations of declining attention are nothing new in modernity. Even in the early 20th century, Ezra Pound observed a shift from poetry to prose (散文), explaining it as a result of readers’ inability to engage with the linguistic complexity of poetry. Over the decades, similar complaints about attention have continued. Yet, Horowitch suggests that rather than a loss of reading ability, we may be witnessing a shift in consumption habits. Students now view reading books much like listening to old record albums — outdated. Meanwhile, the popularity of audiobooks continues to grow. This suggests that the issue is not an inability to read long novels but rather a shift in what people value. “Students can still read books,” Horowitch wrote. “They’re just choosing not to.” This raises a deeper question: What kind of attention do we truly need, and why? Psychologists distinguish between focused attention and broader attention. In the famous Invisible Gorilla Experiment, participants counting basketball passes failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit dancing in the background. A wider focus, in contrast, may engage different cognitive skills and offer unique benefits. Could the younger generation be developing valuable attention modes we fail to recognize? What of the rapid, quick-fire, written exchanges of instant messaging? The art of making short and clever statements in 140 or 280 characters? What about the skills and quick reactions needed in video games? These new ways of engaging with content challenge us to rethink — with history as our guide — how we might approach long-form culture in fresh and flexible ways. 1．What does the underlined word “accusations” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Criticisms. B．Origins. C．Trends. D．Indicators. 2．What does the increase of audiobook listeners imply according to Horowitch? A．Printed books are less accessible. B．Reading preferences have changed. C．Digital reading devices are more popular. D．Modern people have limited reading time. 3．Why does the author mention the Invisible Gorilla Experiment in paragraph 4? A．To display the difficulty of multitasking. B．To illustrate the limitation of focused attention. C．To prove the wide presence of distraction in daily life. D．To stress the importance of cognitive flexibility in sports. 4．What will probably be discussed next? A．More valuable lessons taught by history. B．Challenges facing the young generation. C．The impact of technology on literacy skills. D．Strategies for book reading in the digital age. Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）Let’s face it: we are influenced by AI algorithms (算法) when surfing the Internet on a daily basis. If you think about it, almost anything you can possibly click on over the Internet wants to influence you in some way. Even if it’s not an advertisement and the goal isn’t literally to sell you a product or service, it wants to influence you somehow, whether it’s getting you to think something, feel something, or do something. Behind every blogger, YouTube personality, and social media influencer, there are the companies that own the platforms these bloggers and influencers use: YouTube, Meta, TikTok, Instagram, and the rest. Generally speaking, the goal of these platforms is to keep users on them as often as possible for as long as possible and this increases the likelihood of those users clicking on targeted ads. These platforms use the users’ data to serve the content most likely to arouse their emotions and keep them engaged. The kind of content that’s effective at keeping people engaged often happens to be emotionally charged: sensational (轰动的), controversial, or misinformative. Unfortunately, due to its massive computing power, AI is very good at understanding your psychology (often better than you do) and, therefore, using content that is most likely to “push your buttons”. Obviously, AI itself has no emotions. It doesn’t “want” to influence you or to have power over you, but it does simply because, in the context of the Internet, that’s what it’s been programmed to do. The people who use AI as their tools are simply trying to accomplish the goal of any platform or company, which is to be profitable. In a previous post, I wrote about being data literate. Well, the first step towards protecting yourself against AI’s influence is to be conscious of the fact that we live in an attention economy in which much of the business occurs between companies that want your attention and the content platforms that provide it to them. 1．What message does the author try to convey about social media in paragraph 3? A．It is developing rapidly. B．It is trying to control us. C．It enjoys great popularity. D．It offers us a variety of choices. 2．What kind of content do the social media platforms favour most? A．The content that causes emotional reactions. B．The content that creates value for users. C．The content that spreads positive energy. D．The content that makes users feel satisfied. 3．Which of the following may be to blame according to the author? A．AI algorithms. B．Content creators. C．Social media users. D．Social media platforms. 4．What will the author probably talk about in the paragraph that follows? A．How social media platforms work. B．How AI algorithms are influencing us. C．Some measures to protect ourselves. D．Some negative effects of AI algorithms. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解20篇（记叙文+议论文） Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）I believe dancing is in my nature, driven by my heartbeat, blood pulse, and the music in my mind. So I dance daily. The seldom-used dining room of my house has become my ballroom, with a hardwood floor, a stereo, and a disco ball. I have some music ready: waltz, swing, country, rock -and-roll, and tango (探戈舞曲). Each morning, I turn on the music, and it’s dance time! As a quiet woman, I dance alone, considering it a form of healthy movement and moving meditation. Tango is my recent enthusiasm. It’s complex and difficult, so I take three lessons a week and go out to dance three nights a week. I m even planning a three month trip to Buenos Aires to immerse myself in tango culture. The first time I went tango dancing, I was too intimidated to get on the floor. I remembered a similar experience at a village wedding on the Greek island of Crete, where I stayed on the sidelines because the fancy footwork confused me. Moments later, an older woman, reading my mind, sat beside me and said, “If you join the dancing, you will feel foolish. If you do not, you will also feel foolish. So, why not dance?” She added that if I didn’t dance, they would know I was a fool, but if I tried, they would think well of me. Her words inspired me to take up the challenge of tango. A friend viewed my passion for tango as an ambitious pursuit, saying, “Tango? At your age? You must be out of your mind!” But I see it as a deeply considered decision. My passion for tango hides my fear of aging and boredom. I seek the thrill of starting something new that challenges my mind, body, and spirit. My goal is to dance as long as I can and then age contentedly, knowing I’ve lived fully. So, when people question my tango at my age, I say, “No, I haven’t lost my mind. I’m just living.” 1．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Bored. B．Excited. C．Frightened. D．Surprised. 2．Why did the older woman talk with the author? A．To make fun of her. B．To encourage her to dance. C．To teach her dancing skills. D．To discuss Greek wedding dance. 3．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Tango lets her live life fully. B．Dancing makes her younger. C．Aging should be faced actively. D．New challenges bring true happiness. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．My Journey to Buenos Aires. B．Dancing Beyond Age Limits. C．Challenges of Learning Tango. D．Overcoming Fear Through Tango. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者对舞蹈的热爱，尤其是探戈，以及舞蹈对她生活的意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The first time I went tango dancing, I was too intimidated to get on the floor. I remembered a similar experience at a village wedding on the Greek island of Crete, where I stayed on the sidelines because the fancy footwork confused me.(我第一次去跳探戈时，太intimidated了，不敢上场。我记得在希腊克里特岛的一个乡村婚礼上也有过类似的经历，当时我因为复杂的舞步让我感到困惑，所以只能站在一旁。)”可知，作者因为舞步复杂而不敢上场，所以“intimidated”是“害怕的”意思。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Moments later, an older woman, reading my mind, sat beside me and said, “If you join the dancing, you will feel foolish. If you do not, you will also feel foolish. So, why not dance?” She added that if I didn’t dance, they would know I was a fool, but if I tried, they would think well of me. Her words inspired me to take up the challenge of tango.(过了一会儿，一位年长的女士看穿了我的心思，坐在我旁边说：“如果你加入跳舞，你会觉得自己很傻。如果你不跳，你也会觉得傻。那么，为什么不跳呢？”她补充说，如果我不跳，他们会知道我是个傻瓜，但如果我尝试了，他们会对我有好感。她的话激励我接受探戈的挑战。)”可知，年长女士的话是为了鼓励作者去跳舞。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“My goal is to dance as long as I can and then age contentedly, knowing I’ve lived fully. So, when people question my tango at my age, I say, “No, I haven’t lost my mind. I’m just living.”(我的目标是尽可能长时间地跳舞，然后心满意足地老去，知道自己活得很充实。所以，当人们质疑我这个年纪跳探戈时，我说：“不，我没有疯。我只是在好好生活而已。”)”可知，作者想告诉我们探戈让她的生活变得充实。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“A friend viewed my passion for tango as an ambitious pursuit, saying, “Tango? At your age? You must be out of your mind!” But I see it as a deeply considered decision. My passion for tango hides my fear of aging and boredom. I seek the thrill of starting something new that challenges my mind, body, and spirit. My goal is to dance as long as I can and then age contentedly, knowing I’ve lived fully. So, when people question my tango at my age, I say, “No, I haven’t lost my mind. I’m just living.”(一位朋友把我对探戈的热爱视为一种不切实际的追求，说道：“探戈？你这把年纪了还跳？你肯定是疯了！”但我认为这是一个深思熟虑后的决定。我对探戈的热情，掩盖了我对衰老和枯燥生活的恐惧。我渴望体验开启新事物的刺激感，这种新事物能挑战我的心智、身体和精神。我的目标是尽可能长久地跳下去，然后心满意足地老去，因为我知道自己活得很充实。所以，当人们质疑我这个年纪还跳探戈时，我会说：“不，我没疯。我只是在好好生活而已。”)”可知，文章主要讲述作者不受年龄限制，热爱并坚持跳探戈，体现了舞蹈超越年龄界限的主题。所以短文的最佳标题为“超越年龄界限的舞蹈”。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Born in Steventon, Hampshire in 1775, Jane Austen was the seventh daughter of an eight-child family. Her father was a minister and lived on a reasonable income of £600 a year. However, although they were middle class, they didn’t have enough money for life. Jane Austen was brought up with her five brothers and her elder sister Cassandra. Their relationship was very close, especially the two sisters’. Jane Austen wrote 6 novels. The earliest one, Sense and Sensibility, was begun about 1795. But not until 1811 did she succeed in publishing it with the help of her brother, and on release, it sold well. However, Jane achieved little fame as her books were published anonymously (化名地), owing to the prejudice against women writers. Jane spent most of her life being separated from certain sections of society. It was not surprising then that her novels focused on two or three families of the middle or upper classes. And at that time marriage was a big issue facing women and men; often financial factors were the most important in deciding marriages. As an author, Jane objected to these financial motivations in her novels. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, her most famous novel, the main character’s mother is ridiculed for her ambitions to marry her daughters for maximum financial rewards. Jane Austen masterfully blends irony, social criticism, and humor in her writing. As one of England’s most beloved novelists, she explored themes of love and class. The strength of Jane’s novels was her ability to gain in-depth insights into the character and nature of human relationships. During her lifetime, the novels were reasonably popular. One of her strongest supporters was Walter Scott. He said of her novels: “That young lady has a talent for describing the involvements of feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.” 1．Which of the following best describes Jane Austen’s family? A．Wealthy and noble. B．Poor but well-connected. C．Middle-class but distant. D．Working-class with literary ambitions. 2．Why were Jane Austen’s novels published under an assumed name? A．To protect her privacy. B．To achieve instant fame. C．To stay away from attention. D．To avoid social discrimination. 3．The author mentions Pride and Prejudice in Paragraph 3 to present ______. A．Austen’s personal experiences. B．Austen’s limited social perspective. C．Austen’s criticism on money-based marriage values. D．Austen’s different attitude towards marriage from her mother’s. 4．What contributes to Austen’s success according to Walter Scott? A．Her family’s support. B．Her talent for writing. C．Her ambition to succeed. D．Her sharp social commentary. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了简·奥斯汀的生平、家庭背景、写作生涯及其作品特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, although they were middle class, they didn’t have enough money for life. Jane Austen was brought up with her five brothers and her elder sister Cassandra. Their relationship was very close, especially the two sisters’.(然而，尽管他们属于中产阶级，但他们没有足够的钱生活。简·奥斯汀与她的五个兄弟和姐姐卡桑德拉一起长大，他们之间的关系非常亲密，尤其是两姐妹之间)”可知，简·奥斯汀的家庭经济拮据，但家庭关系良好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, Jane achieved little fame as her books were published anonymously, owing to the prejudice against women writers.(然而，由于对女性作家的偏见，简的书以化名出版，因此她并没有获得多少名气)”可知，简·奥斯汀的小说以化名出版是为了避免社会对女性作家的歧视。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As an author, Jane objected to these financial motivations in her novels. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, her most famous novel, the main character’s mother is ridiculed for her ambitions to marry her daughters for maximum financial rewards.(作为一名作家，简在她的作品中反对这些经济动机。例如，在她最著名的小说《傲慢与偏见》中，主人公的母亲因一心想通过嫁女儿来获取最大的经济回报而受到嘲笑)”可知，作者提到《傲慢与偏见》是为了展示简·奥斯汀对基于金钱的婚姻价值观的批评。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One of her strongest supporters was Walter Scott. He said of her novels: “That young lady has a talent for describing the involvements of feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.”(她最坚定的支持者之一是沃尔特·斯科特。他曾这样评价她的小说：“这位年轻女士有一种天赋，能够描绘出平凡生活中情感和性格的纠葛，这对我来说是我见过的最奇妙的”)”可知，沃尔特·斯科特认为简·奥斯汀的成功归功于她的写作天赋。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）I was a volunteer with the city of Milpitas and was studying at Mission College. One night after going to class, I was heading home and decided to stop off at a burrito (墨西哥卷饼) restaurant. I got my burrito and started to head for my car when I was approached by a homeless man. He was very dirty and obviously very hungry. He asked me for some change to buy a little food. As I was pulling some change out, I had an idea. I asked him to follow me back into the burrito restaurant to order. He was ashamed of the way he looked and said he did not want to go in there. But I insisted. When he finally followed me in, the people behind the counter (柜台) refused to let him in, but I told them that I was buying him dinner and he had a right to be there. After we argued over it for a while, they finally gave in. It seemed like he was relieved a bit to be sitting at a table. I asked him to order whatever he wanted. But he only ordered a burrito. For someone who has been on the fringes (边缘) of society, he was very surprised at my generosity. But to me, it was what any “human being” should do or at least offer. You had to be there to see the look in his face. It reminded me when I was young, my mom brought out a big birthday cake for me on my birthday, with all the candy, chocolate and goodies that we were about to eat. I think he felt special, like he was getting attention, something that I could see he hadn’t experienced in a long time. I often think about this story because, to me, it’s not just about helping someone out by feeding them. It’s more about giving them the respect and dignity of being a human being and allowing them to feel good about themselves. 1．Why did the homeless man approach the author? A．To ask for a lift. B．To beg for money. C．To request a burrito. D．To seek company. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Where to sit in the restaurant. B．What to order for the homeless man. C．Whether to buy dinner for the homeless man. D．Whether to allow the homeless man to enter the restaurant. 3．Why does the author mention his birthday in paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate his wonderful childhood. B．To stress the importance of enjoying a feast. C．To contrast his life with that of the homeless man. D．To describe the happy feelings of the homeless man. 4．What does the author suggest doing in the last paragraph? A．Treating others with respect. B．Fighting against the world of hunger. C．Encouraging acts of bravery. D．Paying attention to the homeless. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一位流浪汉进入餐馆用餐并让他感受到尊重和温暖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He asked me for some change to buy a little food.(他向我要些零钱买点吃的)”可知，无家可归的男子靠近作者是为了乞讨钱。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“When he finally followed me in, the people behind the counter refused to let him in, but I told them that I was buying him dinner and he had a right to be there. After we argued over it for a while, they finally gave in.(当他终于跟着我进来时，柜台后面的人拒绝让他进来，但我告诉他们我要给他买晚餐，他有权待在那里。我们就这件事争论了一会儿后，他们终于让步了)”可知，作者和柜台后面的人争论了一会儿后，他们才同意让流浪汉进入餐馆，“it”指“是否允许流浪汉进入餐馆”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I think he felt special, like he was getting attention, something that I could see he hadn’t experienced in a long time.(我觉得他很特别，就像他得到了关注，我可以看出他已经很久没有这种感觉了)”以及作者提及小时候生日时妈妈准备蛋糕带来的快乐，可知作者是用自己的快乐感受来描述无家可归男子当时的幸福心情。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s more about giving them the respect and dignity of being a human being and allowing them to feel good about themselves.(更多的是给予他们作为人的尊重和尊严，让他们自我感觉良好)”可知，作者在最后一段建议要尊重他人。故选A。 Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南湘潭·期末）This was my fifth trip to China, but my visit to the Jiabang Terraces (梯田) in Guizhou Province was like no other. As I stepped onto a wooden runway built right in the middle of the terraced fields, I was immediately transported into a world filled with rich culture and creativity. Miao ethnic villagers, wearing their most beautiful traditional clothes, were ready to present a special fashion show. Their silver ornaments jingled softly as they moved, some carrying farming tools or baskets with live ducklings and fish fry — symbols of thousands of years of agricultural heritage. The models walked on the runway with the terraces as a backdrop, wearing dresses decorated with Miao embroidery (刺绣), batik (蜡染), and silver elements. Surprisingly, robots and robotic dogs dressed in Miao patterns joined the show It was a perfect mix of the old and the new. At the spectacle of the fashion show, I couldn’t help but use my phone to record every moment. “Compared to Australia, China’s history and minority cultures are incredible,” I thought. This was my first time here, and it gave me an experience I’d never forget, especially the way they celebrated agricultural activities and showed their local customs. The fashion show, which would bring China’s traditional heritage to the 2025 World Exposition in Osaka, Japan this June, means more people around the world will witness and appreciate this unique cultural display. The handcrafted embroidery was so delicate and seeing children in colorful costumes proudly showcasing it to the audience was heartwarming. My trip to Jiabang Terraces was truly wonderful, as its fashion show combined modern design with traditional culture. It’s inspiring to see China preserving its traditional culture and sharing them with the whole world. This trip has not only left me with unforgettable memories but also made me realize how beautifully China balances its long-standing traditions with modern progress — a journey I’ll always cherish. 1．What did the Miao ethnic villagers use to showcase their agricultural traditions in the fashion show? A．Modern farming machines. B．Robots and robotic dogs in Miao embroidery. C．Hand- made embroidery cloth. D．Traditional farming tools and live animals. 2．How did the author feel about his trip to the Jiabang Terraces? A．Tired but satisfied. B．Excited and impressed.     C．Surprised and anxious. D．Nervous and confused. 3．What is the main purpose of Guizhou’s village fashion show going to the 2025 Osaka Expo.? A．To advertise more farming tools. B．To make more money from tickets. C．To buy modern fashion designs from Japan. D．To promote China’s intangible cultural heritage. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly highlight? A．The challenges in preserving ethnic traditions. B．The need for more cultural exchange programs. C．The global popularity of China’s fashion industry. D．The author’s personal reflections and cultural admiration. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个澳大利亚人参观贵州梯田苗族的时装秀的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their silver ornaments jingled softly as they moved, some carrying farming tools or baskets with live ducklings and fish fry — symbols of thousands of years of agricultural heritage.(他们移动时，银饰轻轻作响，一些人拿着农具或装着活小鸭和鱼苗的篮子——这些是数千年农业遗产的象征。)”可知，苗族村民在时装秀中用传统农具和活物展示农业传统。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Compared to Australia, China’s history and minority cultures are incredible,” I thought. This was my first time here, and it gave me an experience I’d never forget”(“与澳大利亚相比，中国的历史和少数民族文化太不可思议了，”我想。这是我第一次来这里，它给了我一段永生难忘的经历。)”以及最后一段中的“My trip to Jiabang Terraces was truly wonderful, as its fashion show combined modern design with traditional culture.(我去加榜梯田的旅行真是太棒了，那里的时装秀将现代设计与传统文化融合在了一起。)”等内容可知，作者对此次加榜梯田之行感到兴奋且印象深刻。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The fashion show, which would bring China’s traditional heritage to the 2025 World Exposition in Osaka, Japan this June, means more people around the world will witness and appreciate this unique cultural display.(这场时装秀将于今年6月亮相2025年日本大阪世博会，将中国的传统遗产带到世博会上，这意味着世界上更多的人将见证和欣赏这一独特的文化展示。)”可知，贵州乡村时装秀参加2025年大阪世博会的主要目的是推广中国的非物质文化遗产。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“My trip to Jiabang Terraces was truly wonderful, as its fashion show combined modern design with traditional culture. It’s inspiring to see China preserving its traditional culture and sharing them with the whole world. This trip has not only left me with unforgettable memories but also made me realize how beautifully China balances its long-standing traditions with modern progress — a journey I’ll always cherish. (我这次的加榜梯田之行实在太棒了，那里的时装秀将现代设计与传统文化完美融合。看到中国在保护传统文化的同时，还将其分享给全世界，这太令人振奋了。这次旅行不仅给我留下了难忘的回忆，更让我深刻体会到中国是多么巧妙地在悠久传统与现代发展之间找到了平衡 —— 这段旅程我会永远珍藏。)”可知，最后一段主要强调了作者的个人感悟和对中国文化的钦佩。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南·期末）With a pair of glasses on his nose, 66-year-old Han Hua told tales of his table tennis coaching career with photos showcasing his trainees’ victories in China, Tunisia and France. Born in 1958, Han’s passion for table tennis started at a young age. A mix of talent and constant dedication brought him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to an enviable spot in the national team. Apart from being a professional table tennis player, he also brought out the best in himself as an exceptional coach. China has dispatched (派遣) coaches in sports to enhance the competitiveness of nations far and wide since the 1950s. As one of them, Han embarked on a 12-year coaching journey in Tunisia in 1984. Under his guidance, Tunisia’s table tennis team amazed the African continent, leading to a historic milestone when four Tunisian players were admitted into the 1988 Olympics, representing a quarter of the continent’s quota (指标) at the time. In the 1990s, France was in a golden era of table tennis, led by the persistent Jean-Philippe Gatien, whose rise as Olympic runner-up and world champion promised a period of French dominance in the sport. The French team, made up of gaten, Patrick Chila, Christophe Legout and Damian Eloi, achieved remarkable achievements in the World Cup and World Championships. However, as they retired in the early years of this century, no such achievements were achieved in the once-mighty team, causing the French Table Tennis Federation (FFTT) to seek a savior to restore the nation to its former glory. Han, with his plentiful coaching experience and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate. After three years of constant dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most outstanding performance in four decades — Emmanuel Lebesson won the men’s singles title, while Simon Gauzy secured the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships. 1．What can we know about Han Hua in the first two paragraphs? A．His coaching experience is incomparable. B．He used to be a player in various countries. C．He has two different roles related to table tennis. D．His success in table tennis is mainly due to his talent. 2．Why was Han Hua sent to Tunisia? A．To enhance his playing technique. B．To join Tunisia’s table tennis team. C．To represent Tunisia to enter various competitions. D．To strengthen Tunisia’s table tennis competitiveness. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The leadership of French in table tennis. B．The current situation of French in table tennis. C．The shift of French table tennis from glory to depression. D．The efforts made by the French table tennis team to hire a good coach. 4．What made Han Hua an ideal coach for the French table tennis team? A．His constant commitment to table tennis. B．His accomplishments in playing table tennis. C．His coaching experience and talent in table tennis. D．His master y of coaching skills and language ability. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了韩华在乒乓球领域身兼球员和教练两种角色，先后前往突尼斯和法国执教，帮助两国提升乒乓球竞争力的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Apart from being a professional table tennis player, he also brought out the best in himself as an exceptional coach. (除了是一名职业乒乓球运动员，他还充分发挥自己的才能，成为了一名杰出的教练。)”可知，韩华在乒乓球领域有球员和教练两个不同的角色。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“China has dispatched (派遣) coaches in sports to enhance the competitiveness of nations far and wide since the 1950s. As one of them, Han embarked on a 12-year coaching journey in Tunisia in 1984. (自20世纪50年代以来，中国就向世界各地派遣体育教练，以提高各国的竞争力。作为其中一员，韩华于1984年开始了在突尼斯为期12年的执教之旅。)”可知，韩华被派往突尼斯是为了增强突尼斯乒乓球的竞争力。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the 1990s, France was in a golden era of table tennis, led by the persistent Jean-Philippe Gatien, whose rise as Olympic runner-up and world champion promised a period of French dominance in the sport. The French team, made up of gaten, Patrick Chila, Christophe Legout and Damian Eloi, achieved remarkable achievements in the World Cup and World Championships. However, as they retired in the early years of this century, no such achievements were achieved in the once-mighty team, causing the French Table Tennis Federation (FFTT) to seek a savior to restore the nation to its former glory. (20世纪90年代，法国乒乓球迎来黄金时期，在坚韧不拔的让-菲利普·盖亭带领下，这位奥运亚军兼世界冠军的崛起曾预示着法国将开启乒坛霸主时代。由盖亭、帕特里克·希拉、克里斯托夫·勒古和达米安·埃洛瓦组成的法国队，在世界杯和世锦赛上屡创佳绩。然而随着他们在本世纪初相继退役，这支昔日的劲旅再未能延续辉煌，迫使法国乒协(FFTT)不得不寻找新的领军者，以期重振法兰西乒乓王朝的昔日荣光。)”可知，该段先讲法国队曾经的辉煌，后讲著名队员退役后不再有成就，主要介绍法国乒乓球从辉煌走向低迷的转变。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Han, with his plentiful coaching experience and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate. (韩华凭借丰富的执教经验和流利的法语，脱颖而出，成为了理想的人选。)”可知，韩华掌握的教练技能和语言能力使他成为法国乒乓球队理想的教练。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2025高二下·湖南邵阳·期末）A line of people are disappearing, one by one, into a hedgerow (灌木树篱) on a hillside near Aylesbury, England. Hidden inside the thick hedgerow, under the spreading branches of a tree, is a spacious hole, with the shower head fixed to the tree’s trunk. As the benefits of spending time in green spaces are well-documented, people like Tony Langford see a beneficial opportunity. Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. Today he’s showing a group of 15 local farmers how this is taking shape there, from community festivals to “nature bathing” walks. Eddie Rixon, a third-generation farmer at Lopemede Farm near Thame, is another. He took over the beef farm 10 years ago, but in 2019 there was a serious disease outbreak in the cattle. With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. “Now we have the art forest school here and we’re making about 6,000 a year,” Rixon says. “Not only am I increasing the biodiversity here, but I’m increasing the social and community aspect of educating children—and economically it’s working. Meanwhile, Rixon is delighted that the farm is at the heart of the community again. He grew up reading comics that showed farmers shouting: “Get off my land!” “We’ve kind of switched that to get on our land, ” he laughs. But this isn’t a free-for-all. Rixon has a code of conduct for visitors, and some areas remain out of bounds for safety reasons. He’s also using technology to open up the farm remotely, including installing cameras in owl boxes, which allow local schoolchildren to watch owl’s chicks without disturbing their nests. “Often, there’s a farm gate which is closed with a sign saying: ‘Beware of the dog’ or whatever,” says Langford. “I’m thinking — how can we open that farm gate?” 1．Why did Tony Langford create the “hedge shower”? A．To promote local community festivals. B．To document the benefits of green spaces. C．To attract more farmers to his farm. D．To offer campers a natural shower experience. 2．What led Eddie Rixon to establish the art forest school? A．A teacher’s suggestion about an art center. B．His daughters’ interest in forest education. C．The need to reuse unproductive farmland. D．The desire to expand his cattle farm. 3．What can be inferred about Rixon’s management of visitor access to his farm? A．He prioritizes unrestricted public entry. B．He focuses solely on educational activities. C．He discourages interaction with wildlife. D．He balances openness with safety measures. 4．Which word best describes farmers like Langford and Rixon? A．Traditional. B．Innovative. C．Economical. D．Demanding. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国的两位农民Langford和Rixon利用自家农场的资源，为游客和孩子们创造亲近自然的机会，同时也实现了农场的经济和社会效益。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. (因此，他创造了这个“灌木淋浴”，这样露营者就可以在他的农场里享受热水澡，同时沉浸在大自然中。)” 可知，Tony Langford创建“灌木淋浴”是为了让他农场的露营者在沉浸于自然的同时享受热水淋浴。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He took over the beef farm 10 years ago, but in 2019 there was a serious disease outbreak in the cattle. With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. (他10年前接管了养牛场，但在2019年，牛中爆发了严重的疾病。由于这么大一块油田没有产出，他不得不重新评估它的未来。去年，当他女儿所在森林学校的一位老师找到他，想要建立一个艺术中心时，他意识到他可以创办一个艺术森林学校，充分利用这一领域。)”可知，Eddie Rixon的农场因牛群疾病暴发导致大片土地闲置，他需要重新评估农场未来，在这种情况下，老师关于建立艺术中心的提议让他意识到可以利用这片闲置土地建立艺术森林学校。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But this isn’t a free-for-all. Rixon has a code of conduct for visitors, and some areas remain out of bounds for safety reasons. He’s also using technology to open up the farm remotely, including installing cameras in owl boxes, which allow local schoolchildren to watch owl’s chicks without disturbing their nests. (但这并不是一场混战。Rixon为游客制定了行为准则，出于安全原因，一些区域仍然禁止进入。他还利用技术远程开放农场，包括在猫头鹰箱里安装摄像头，这样当地的学生就可以在不打扰猫头鹰巢穴的情况下观察猫头鹰的雏鸟。)” 可以看出，Rixon既通过技术手段远程开放农场，让学生可以观察野生动物，又为游客制定行为准则，出于安全原因一些区域禁止进入，可推断他平衡了开放性和安全措施。故选D。 4．推理判断题。 通读全文，可知Tony Langford创建了“灌木淋浴”，为露营者提供独特的自然体验；Eddie Rixon在农场遇到问题后，将闲置土地改造成艺术森林学校。他们都没有遵循传统农场的经营方式，而是进行了创新。故选B。 Passage 7 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）One of the biggest risks a modern student faces is a broken phone or laptop. Jake Hertz and Isaac Roberts are two UR students that have launched a new business to fix this exact need: Campus Tech Repair. Hertz and Roberts started their business three weeks ago. In those three weeks, they had amazing success. In the first day they had posters up, they received nearly a dozen calls from students. Despite not having backgrounds in business, the two gladly accepted the challenges of starting up such an in-demand service. Hertz and Roberts experienced such a high demand because of the lack of any other hardware repair service on campus. The IT Center itself only provides software fixes: Hertz supposed that this was because of the increased liabilities (法律责任) faced by repair services. Hertz and Roberts did make customers sign a release of liability, yet they also wanted to build a higher level of trust. This, Hertz noted, was the only real challenge that they expected to face. Becoming directly affiliated (隶属) with or sponsored by the school could solve the problem of community trust. Hertz and Roberts have already engaged in conversation with the University toward this end. The Ain Center for Entrepreneurship they turn to seeks to “identify and create new partnerships with students, alumni, local businesses, and nonprofit organizations.” One program of the Ain Center that the two wish to look into is the “Student Incubator (孵化器).” Such a move would allow them to develop a more-permanent structure to Campus Tech Repair. The Incubator provides resources such as furnished office space, Wi-Fi, access to conference room, and guidance. Yet, there’s a problem with this. “The appeal of what we do is that we’re on campus, so we both just work out of our rooms,” Hertz said. Hertz is optimistic about the future of the business. They believe that with the support of the University, and the community, they could become an inseparable part of campus services. 1．Why did the business of Hertz and Roberts start well? A．Because it was much needed. B．Because they were well-known. C．Because they were expert in business. D．Because the school provided no software services. 2．How did they try to win customers’ trust? A．Making them sign a release of liability. B．Seeking cooperation with the university. C．Establishing partnerships with other students. D．Looking for sponsorship from local businesses. 3．For Hertz and Roberts, what’s the problem with Student Incubator? A．They can’t afford the cost of it. B．They can’t use all its resources. C．They are not qualified to join it. D．They don’t want to work in its offices. 4．What is the passage about? A．Student Incubator of the university. B．Student experts in hardware repairs. C．Students start a business on campus. D．Students work their way through university. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 UR 大学的两名学生 Jake Hertz 和 Isaac Roberts 发现校园内缺乏硬件维修服务，从而抓住商机创办了 Campus Tech Repair 这一业务。尽管他们没有商业背景，但创业初期就取得了成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the first day they had posters up, they received nearly a dozen calls from students.(他们张贴海报的第一天，就接到了近十几个学生的电话)” 以及第三段 “Hertz and Roberts experienced such a high demand because of the lack of any other hardware repair service on campus.(由于校园内没有其他硬件维修服务，Hertz 和 Roberts 的业务需求极高)” 可知，他们的生意起步良好是因为市场对其业务需求很大。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Becoming directly affiliated (隶属) with or sponsored by the school could solve the problem of community trust. Hertz and Roberts have already engaged in conversation with the University toward this end.(直接隶属于学校或获得学校赞助可以解决群体信任问题。Hertz 和 Roberts 已经为此与学校展开了对话)” 可知，他们试图通过与学校合作来赢得客户信任。故选B。 3．细节理解题。跟据第七段““The appeal of what we do is that we’re on campus, so we both just work out of our rooms,” Hertz said.(“我们所做之事的吸引力在于我们身处校园，所以我们俩都直接在自己的宿舍开展工作”Hertz 说)” 可知，对于 Hertz 和 Roberts 来说，“Student Incubator” 提供的是有家具的办公室空间等，而他们不想在办公室工作，这就是问题所在。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the biggest risks a modern student faces is a broken phone or laptop. Jake Hertz and Isaac Roberts are two UR students that have launched a new business to fix this exact need: Campus Tech Repair.(现代学生面临的最大风险之一是手机或笔记本电脑坏了。Jake Hertz和Isaac Roberts是UR大学的两名学生，他们发起了一项新业务来解决这一需求：校园技术修复)”可知，文章主要围绕 UR 大学的两名学生 Jake Hertz 和 Isaac Roberts 在校园内创办硬件维修业务展开，包括创业原因、遇到的问题及未来规划等。选项 C“学生在校园创业” 符合文章主旨，故选C。 Passage 8 （2025高二下·湖南永州·期末）Esther Kimani, a 29-year-old pioneer in agritech, is changing the lives of smallholder farmers across Africa. As the founder of Farmer Lifeline Technologies (FLT), she has applied artificial intelligence (AI) to fight against crop pests (害虫) and diseases, significantly reducing losses for rural farmers. Kimani's journey began in a small Kenyan village on the Aberdare Mountains. Witnessing firsthand the severe impact of pests and diseases on their crops — and consequently, their income — she understood early how agricultural losses could mean unmet basic needs like school fees and healthcare. Despite these challenges, Kimani became the first girl from her village to attend university, studying computer science. It was there that she recognized the potential of technology to solve rural farmers' struggles, and that's how FLT was born. In Kenya alone,7.5 million smallholder farmers lose up to 50% of their yield (产量) to pests and diseases annually — losses that could feed millions. Traditional solutions like hiring agricultural consultants or using drones (无人机) are prohibitively expensive. To solve this critical issue, she developed an AI-powered camera, which is set up on farms at no upfront cost. It scans crops continuously and warns farmers through Short Message Service (SMS) for $3 per month when pests or diseases are detected. A key focus for Kimani is supporting women farmers, who make up 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing nations, but who often lack access to technology. "Men in rural communities tend to have smartphones, while women rely on basic feature phones," she notes. "Through SMS, we ensure women aren't left behind." Kimani's innovation has already impacted thousands of farmers, 78% of whom have reported a yield increase of over 36%. Her team aims to reach 200 thousand farms across the country within five years. For Kimani, success in 2030 means seeing 200 thousand smallholder farmers living with dignity — affording education, healthcare, and financial stability through improved yields. Kimani is not just building a company; she's reshaping the future of African agriculture. 1．Why did Kimani found FLT? A．To fund rural farmers. B．To transform farming. C．To expand AI industry. D．To research crop types. 2．How does the AI-powered camera help farmers? A．By sending them timely warnings. B．By connecting them to consultants. C．By controlling drones to scan crops. D．By driving pests away automatically. 3．What is an advantage of Kimani's innovation? A．Equal access. B．Tailored service. C．Large storage. D．Easy maintenance. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Financial policies affect agriculture. B．African agriculture will take the lead. C．Kimani will pursue further education. D．Kimani's innovation powers a bright future. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了29岁的农业技术先驱Esther Kimani通过创立Farmer Lifeline Technologies (FLT)，利用人工智能技术帮助非洲小农户对抗作物病虫害，显著减少损失并改善农民生活的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was there that she recognized the potential of technology to solve rural farmers' struggles, and that's how FLT was born. (正是在那里，她认识到了技术解决农村农民困境的潜力，FLT就是这样诞生的。)”可知，Kimani创立FLT的初衷是通过技术解决农民的困境，即改造农业。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It scans crops continuously and warns farmers through Short Message Service (SMS) for $3 per month when pests or diseases are detected. (它持续扫描作物，并在检测到病虫害时通过短信服务（SMS）以每月3美元的费用向农民发出警告。)”可知，AI摄像头通过向农民发送及时警告来帮助他们。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“A key focus for Kimani is supporting women farmers, who make up 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing nations, but who often lack access to technology. "Men in rural communities tend to have smartphones, while women rely on basic feature phones," she notes. "Through SMS, we ensure women aren't left behind." (Kimani的一个关键重点是支持女性农民，她们占发展中国家农业劳动力的43%，但往往缺乏技术。她指出：“农村社区的男性往往拥有智能手机，而女性则依赖基本的非智能手机。”“通过短信，我们确保女性不会被遗忘。”）”可知，Kimani的创新确保了女性农民也能被纳入技术帮助的范围内，即体现了平等获取技术帮助的优势。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句“Kimani's innovation has already impacted thousands of farmers, 78% of whom have reported a yield increase of over 36%. Her team aims to reach 200 thousand farms across the country within five years. For Kimani, success in 2030 means seeing 200 thousand smallholder farmers living with dignity — affording education, healthcare, and financial stability through improved yields. (Kimani的创新已经影响了数千名农民，其中78%的人报告说产量增加了36%以上。她的团队的目标是在五年内覆盖全国20万家农场。对Kimani来说，2030年的成功意味着看到20万小农户有尊严地生活——通过提高产量负担得起教育、医疗和经济稳定。)”可知，Kimani的创新已经取得了显著成效，并且她的团队有着明确的目标和愿景，即改善更多农民的生活。由此可推知，Kimani的创新将推动农业走向光明前景。故选D项。 Passage 9 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Shane Gross is from Saskatchewan, Canada, a province far away from the sea, so his first underwater experiences were in a cold, green lake with a disposable film camera. Despite this, he’s always been fascinated by the ocean, especially sharks, and watched Jaws countless times. After backpacking through Australia in 2009 and diving along the way, he decided to pursue his passion seriously. In 2011, he moved to the Bahamas to work as a dive instructor, which allowed him to spend more time in the water and improve his photography skills. In 2017, while diving at one of their regular spots, “Sea Garden”, Gross and his girlfriend encountered a turtle (海龟). They were deeply upset at the terrible scene—the turtle was trapped, struggling, and ultimately dying. Realizing there was nothing they could do to save it, Gross removed the abandoned fishing line wrapped around the turtle and documented the moment. His photograph later won first place in the conservation category of the 2019 International Ocean Art Underwater Photo Competition, bringing attention to the problem of sea waste that often goes unseen. When asked about his approach to creating remarkable underwater photography, Shane Gross advises underwater photographers to go beyond just one image. He encourages them to document the entire scene they’re passionate about, even if it means taking some shots above the water. Once you have a story to tell, create a shot list and keep shooting until you have recorded it fully. For Shane, spending time in the ocean is deeply fulfilling. “I live a marine (海洋的) lifestyle,” he says. “But most people don’t share this connection.” To bridge this gap, he created Bahamas Underwater, a book combining stories and vivid imagery to introduce people to marine ecosystems and their wonders. Shane recommends that taking time to admire the breathtaking views of the ocean should be the initial step toward creating meaningful change — a shift from indifference to active care. 1．What can we learn about Shane Gross from paragraph 1? A．He grew up in the coastal area. B．He longed to be a dive instructor. C．He followed his childhood passion. D．He did academic research on sharks. 2．Why did Shane take a photo of the sea turtle? A．To criticize overfishing. B．To protect natural habitats. C．To save the injured animal. D．To highlight marine pollution. 3．What is the key to good underwater photography according to paragraph 3? A．A large image. B．A unique scene. C．A complete story. D．A strong motivation. 4．What does Shane suggest as the first step toward caring for the ocean? A．Promoting green lifestyles. B．Appreciating ocean’s beauty. C．Sharing marine knowledge. D．Documenting nature’s wonders. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Shane Gross的海洋摄影历程。他从小对海洋充满热爱，长大后成为一名水下摄影师，致力于推动海洋保护事业的发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Despite this, he’s always been fascinated by the ocean, especially sharks, and watched Jaws countless times. After backpacking through Australia in 2009 and diving along the way, he decided to pursue his passion seriously.(尽管如此，他一直对海洋，尤其是鲨鱼着迷，看了无数次《大白鲨》。2009年，他在澳大利亚背包旅行，沿途潜水，之后他决定认真追求自己的激情。)”可知，他从小热爱海洋，长大后也在继续追寻这份热爱，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“His photograph later won first place in the conservation category of the 2019 International Ocean Art Underwater Photo Competition, bringing attention to the problem of sea waste that often goes unseen.(他的照片后来在2019年国际海洋艺术水下摄影比赛中获得了保护类第一名，引起了人们对经常被忽视的海洋废物问题的关注。)”可知，Shane拍海龟的照片是为了突出海洋污染问题。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once you have a story to tell, create a shot list and keep shooting until you have recorded it fully.(一旦你有一个故事要讲，创建一个镜头列表，并继续拍摄，直到你把它记录完整。)”可知，水下摄影成功的关键在于有一个完整的故事，故选C。 4．细节理解题。从最后一段“Shane recommends that taking the time to admire the breathtaking views of the ocean should be the initial step toward creating meaningful change — a shift from indifference to active care.(Shane建议，花时间欣赏海洋的壮丽景色应该是创造有意义的改变的第一步——从冷漠到积极关怀的转变。)”可知，Shane认为激发人们保护海洋意识的第一步是欣赏海洋之美，故选B。 Passage 10 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Soon after Mr. & Mrs. Bacchus started farming their little patch of land, they faced a major problem — a plague of birds fed on their precious crops. Then, a man stopped on the road outside their house, and asked the couple if he could take photographs of the birds on the property. Afterwards, he suggested that instead of trying to get rid of the birds, they should instead learn to live alongside them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born. Today, the couple credit this man, the celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa, with changing their lives, and helping them persuade others of the vital importance of conservation in this region. Birding tourism is flourishing in Ecuador, with increasing numbers of specialist tour groups. Ecuador contains a variety of ecosystems at differing elevations, which helps explain why it’s among the top 10 countries in the world for bird diversity. The country is home to over 1,600 bird species — nearly double the number found in all of Europe — within an area just slightly larger than the UK. As the business of birding grows, more and more farmers are switching their land from agriculture to bird reserves, benefiting not just the birds, but the country’s economy too. One notable example is the Ajila family, who have devoted themselves to preserving the long-wattled umbrellabird. On his land near Recinto, landowner Luis Ajila has switched from dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists — work that he says is a better livelihood than farming. “Wildlife tourism is much more profitable than farming, but that wasn’t our only motivation,” says Luis Jr., Ajila’s son. “We aimed to protect not just the umbrellabird, but all the unique wildlife here, safeguarding them for future generations.” Since 2005, Angel Paz has transformed his former dairy farm into a bird reserve. At first, things didn’t go to plan: it took a month for the first visitor to arrive, and he paid just $10 for a four-hour tour. Since then, however, thousands of people have made the pilgrimage. “I have protected my home and its birdlife for almost two decades, and finally watched the wildlife — and the people who visit — flourish,” Angel Paz says. 1．What advice did the photographer give to the couple? A．Photographing the birds. B．Coexisting with the birds. C．Protecting their precious crops. D．Taking care of their property. 2．What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A．How Ecuador is geographically unique. B．What distinguishes Ecuador’s biodiversity. C．What makes Ecuador a birding destination. D．How birding tourism is operated in Ecuador. 3．What have the Ajila family achieved? A．Helping other farmers shake off poverty. B．Combining profitability with sustainability. C．Applying new technology in modern farming. D．Changing the landscapes of their residential areas. 4．What can we learn from Ángel Paz’s story? A．Well begun is half done. B．It takes time to bear fruit. C．The early bird catches the worm. D．The secret to success is adaptability. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了一对爱鸟夫妇和摄影师Manu Espinosa在厄瓜多尔创办了保护区，发展观鸟旅游业，同时带动其他农户将农田转变为观鸟地，这既促进了当地的旅游业有保护了环境。 1．细节理解题。由第一段中“Afterwards, he suggested that instead of trying to get rid of the birds, they should instead learn to live alongside them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born. (后来，他（摄影师）建议，与其试图赶走这些鸟，不如学会和它们一起生活，于是马拉克萨查保护区就诞生了)”可知，摄影师建议这对夫妇与鸟类共存。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。由第三段“Birding tourism is flourishing in Ecuador, with increasing numbers of specialist tour groups. Ecuador contains a variety of ecosystems at differing elevations, which helps explain why it’s among the top 10 countries in the world for bird diversity. The country is home to over 1,600 bird species — nearly double the number found in all of Europe — within an area just slightly larger than the UK. (观鸟旅游在厄瓜多尔蓬勃发展，专业旅游团越来越多。厄瓜多尔拥有不同海拔的各种生态系统，这有助于解释为什么它是世界上鸟类多样性排名前十的国家之一。该国拥有1600多种鸟类，几乎是整个欧洲鸟类的两倍，其面积略大于英国)”可知，第三段指出厄瓜多尔因多样的生态系统和高海拔差异，成为全球鸟类多样性前十的国家，并吸引观鸟旅游，C项“是什么让厄瓜多尔成为观鸟目的地”概括了厄瓜多尔成为观鸟目的地的核心原因。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由第四段中“On his land near Recinto, landowner Luis Ajila has switched from dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists — work that he says is a better livelihood than farming. (在累西托附近的土地上，土地所有者路易斯·阿吉拉（Luis Ajila）已经从奶牛养殖转向了保护，重新种植了树木，并向野生动物游客推广了该地——他说这项工作比农业更能维持生计)”和第五段中Luis Jr., Ajila’s son说的话“Wildlife tourism is much more profitable than farming, but that wasn’t our only motivation (野生动物旅游比农业更有利，但这不是我们唯一的动机)”“We aimed to protect not just the umbrellabird, but all the unique wildlife here, safeguarding them for future generations. (我们的目标不仅是保护雨伞鸟，还要保护这里所有独特的野生动物，为子孙后代保护它们)”可知，Ajila家族将农场转为保护区，既保护伞鸟（长须伞鸟）又通过生态旅游获利，Ajila的儿子明确提到“旅游比农业更盈利，但保护动机同样重要”，体现经济与生态可持续性的结合。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由最后一段中“At first, things didn’t go to plan: it took a month for the first visitor to arrive, and he paid just $10 for a four-hour tour. Since then, however, thousands of people have made the pilgrimage. “I have protected my home and its birdlife for almost two decades, and finally watched the wildlife — and the people who visit — flourish,” Angel Paz says. (起初，事情并没有按计划进行：第一位游客花了一个月的时间才到达，他只花了10美元就完成了四个小时的旅行。然而，从那以后，成千上万的人进行了朝圣。Angel Paz说：“近二十年来，我一直在保护我的家和它的鸟类，终于看到了野生动物和游客的蓬勃发展。”)”可知，Angel Paz的保护区初期游客稀少且收入微薄，但经过长期坚持（近20年），最终游客增多，生态与旅游业共同繁荣，B项“需要时间才能见效”准确反映了这一过程，强调耐心与坚持的重要性。故选B项。 Passage 11 （2024高二下·湖南益阳·期末）When Ariel Cordova rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, last November, she planned to go hiking and bird-watching. A mile into her walk, she spotted a beautiful female mute swan near the water’s edge. Cordova, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund recovery center, knew that mute swans can be aggressive (侵略性的). But as she approached this one, it didn’t move. She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova draped (披，悬挂) her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it gently in her arms. She was wondering how to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike to the recovery center when, luckily, some confused strangers driving by offered her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station. Cordova called the recovery center on the way, and Tristan, an animal care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove the bird, the bike, and the rescuer to the facility (场所). There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead (铅) poisoning. Sadly, even with all that tender loving care, the swan got contracted, which caused her passed away two months after being rescued. It’s a disappointing ending, but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city. In all, Cordova traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway. “That’s the perfect summary of who she is,” says Tristan. 1．What made Cordova believe the bird needed medical attention? A．Its careful move. B．Its aggressive nature. C．Its unusual behavior. 2．How did Cordova finally get to the recovery center? A．She walked two hours. B．A manager took her by car. C．Some stranger picked her up. 3．What does the underlined word “contracted” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Infected. B．Rescued. C．Killed. 4．Which of the following can best describe Cordova? A．Caring. B．Demanding. C．Professional. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Cordova偶然发现一只行为异常的疣口天鹅，并努力将其送往康复中心的故事。尽管天鹅最终因铅中毒去世，但这个故事展示了人们为拯救野生动物所做的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Cordova, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund recovery center, knew that mute swans can be aggressive (侵略性的). But as she approached this one, it didn’t move. (30岁的Cordova曾在野生鸟类基金会恢复中心工作，她知道疣雀天鹅可能很有攻击性。但当她走近这只鸟时，它一动不动)”和第二段中“She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. (她确信这只鸟需要治疗)”可知，原本有攻击性的天鹅不寻常的行为让科尔多瓦认为它需要治疗。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Cordova called the recovery center on the way, and Tristan, an animal care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove the bird, the bike, and the rescuer to the facility (场所). (Cordova在路上给康复中心打了电话，动物护理经理Tristan在地铁站接她，开车把鸟儿、自行车和救援人员送到康复中心)”可知，最后，一位经理开车接Cordova前往康复中心。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead (铅) poisoning. Sadly, even with all that tender loving care (在那里，工作人员确定这只天鹅可能铅中毒。可悲的是，即使有那么温柔的关怀)”和下文“which caused her passed away two months after being rescued (导致她在获救两个月后就去世了)”可知，这只天鹅铅中毒了，受到了关怀，但最终还是去世了。由此推知，是感染导致它去世，画线词意思应该是“感染”，与Infected意思一致。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Cordova draped (披，悬挂) her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it gently in her arms. (Cordova用外套盖住鸟儿的头，让它保持平静，小心翼翼地把它抱起来，轻轻地抱在怀里)”和最后一段中“It’s a disappointing ending, but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city. In all, Cordova traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway. (这是一个令人失望的结局，但真实的故事是，在大城市里，一些人为了拯救一只天鹅，愿意走多远。Cordova总共步行、开车和乘地铁走了两个小时)”可知，Cordova非常温柔地对待这只天鹅，总共花了两个小时把它送往康复中心进行医治。由此可知，她是一个有爱心的人。故选A项。 Passage 12 （2024高二下·湖南张家界·期末）Craig Foster was diving off the southern-most tip of Africa when he saw her — an octopus (章鱼) hiding under shells and stones. Attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature, trying to prove he wasn’t an enemy by staying very still in her presence. For weeks she escaped him: hiding in her cave, masking herself, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack. And then, after 26 days, she reached out and touched him. Foster was able to have intimate (亲密的) moments of this octopus’ short life by spending up to two hours following her every day for a year. Foster said if you gained the trust of an animal over a period of months, it would actually ignore you to a certain degree, carry on with its normal life and allow you to step inside its secret world. The most powerful moment for Foster was when she allowed him to follow her on a hunt. It was not like arriving upon a hunting scene in a Jeep on land. In the water it was intimate. When she chose to let him go into her world, it was a very, very special moment of not just being accepted, but that his presence to her also felt natural, like he belonged in that space with her. Foster has spent the last ten years diving to relieve his depression. Putting himself in this underwater world has calmed his mind. Over the years, other animals also have reached out to make contact, including otters, whales, cuttlefish and even sharks. But nothing has compared to his “once-in-a-lifetime” bond with the octopus. Foster says the greatest lesson she taught him is that humans are part of the natural world around us, and not simply visitors. Our role in the natural world is the most precious gift we have been given. 1．How did Craig Foster deal with the octopus? A．By protecting her from enemies. B．By controlling her moving range. C．By keeping observing her quietly. D．By feeding her with her favorite food. 2．Which word can best describe Craig Foster? A．Ambitious. B．Cooperative. C．Patient. D．Energetic. 3．What can be learned about the octopus according to the text? A．She was the only animal that contacted Foster. B．She got used to the presence of Foster gradually. C．She regarded Foster as the most experienced hunter. D．She paid no attention to Foster throughout the contact. 4．What is the purpose of Craig Foster’s years of diving? A．To deal with his mental problem. B．To reach out to make contact with ocean animals. C．To explore the secret of the creatures under the water. D．To look for his once-in-a-lifetime bond with the octopus. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了福斯特和章鱼之间的故事，告诉了我们人与动物之间信任的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature, trying to prove he wasn’t an enemy by staying very still in her presence. (被章鱼所吸引，他开始跟着这只非常害羞的动物，试图通过她面前保持静止来证明他不是敌人。)”可知，Foster是通过静静地观察章鱼来处理与章鱼之间的关系，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For weeks she escaped him: hiding in her cave, masking herself, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack. And then, after 26 days, she reached out and touched him. (章鱼躲了他好几周：躲在洞穴里，遮住自己，或者钻进最近的裂缝里。然后，26天后，她出来接触了他。)”可知，Foster跟了章鱼26天，才有了和章鱼的第一次接触，故可推知Foster是一个很有耐心的人，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Foster was able to have intimate (亲密的) moments of this octopus’ short life by spending up to two hours following her every day for a year. Foster said if you gained the trust of an animal over a period of months, it would actually ignore you to a certain degree, carry on with its normal life and allow you to step inside its secret world. (Foster能够在这只章鱼短暂的生命中度过亲密的时刻，每天花两个小时跟踪她，持续一年。Foster说，如果你在几个月内获得了动物的信任，它实际上会在一定程度上忽视你，继续正常生活，让你进入它的秘密世界。)”可推知，Foster能够与这只章鱼有亲密的时刻，Foster能够得了章鱼的信任，忽视了他的存在，继续正常生活，故章鱼已经渐渐习惯了Foster的存在，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Foster has spent the last ten years diving to relieve his depression. Putting himself in this underwater world has calmed his mind. (Foster花了10年的时间潜水来缓解他的抑郁，把自己置身于水下世界使他平静下来很多。)”可知，Foster潜水多年是为了缓解抑郁，解决心理上的问题，故选A。 Passage 13 （2024高二下·湖南·期末）On a cold morning in May, I received a fascinating e-mail from a high school friend, inviting me to a 10-day all-female surfing adventure in Portugal. The offer was irresistible, and I instantly knew my answer was yes. The trip seemed simple enough. Ten women, ranging from 30 to 45years old, all strangers, would gather on the Portuguese coast to accept the challenge of surfing the Atlantic waves. As a fan of travel, I quickly sought permission from my boss for this once-in-a-lifetime journey. Through my 33 years, I’ve observed a common adult tendency: We often limit ourselves to improving skills we already have. There’s a certain pride in improving our expert knowledge, becoming increasingly knowledgeable in our chosen fields, yet unintentionally, this focus often leaves other skills undeveloped and leads to ignoring other areas of potential growth. Two days later, I arrived in Ericeira, a charming surf town, where I met my surfing group. Despite our different personalities and backgrounds, we were all united in a passionate desire to challenge ourselves, learn, tackle and grow. The shores at Ericeira, where the beginners learn to surf, are shallow and covered with slippery rocks. They make for softer waves but are difficult to navigate (驾驭). Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air. Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humbleness that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on. While surfing might not be my calling, trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life, to step outside of my comfort zone and to never stop believing in myself. You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try. 1．What motivated the author to join the surf trip to Portugal? A．The longing to seek and enjoy a challenge. B．The need to reunite with a high school friend. C．The love to meet strangers with shared interest. D．The chance to undertake work duties in Portugal. 2．What is a common tendency among adults according to the author? A．They refuse to upgrade their professional skills. B．They tend to improve their existing skills only. C．They avoid exploring new areas on purpose. D．They are too proud to improve themselves. 3．Which of the following can best describe the author’s surfing experiences? A．Tough but worthwhile. B．Common and smooth. C．Boring and discouraging. D．Relaxing but unpredictable. 4．What does the text want to convey? A．Birds of a feather flock together. B．He who laughs last, laughs best. C．Life begins at the end of your comfort zone. D．The grass is always greener on the other side. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者参加葡萄牙女性冲浪冒险之旅的经历，展示了尝试新技能和挑战自我舒适区的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On a cold morning in May, I received a fascinating e-mail from a high school friend, inviting me to a 10-day all-female surfing adventure in Portugal. The offer was irresistible, and I instantly knew my answer was yes. (在5月一个寒冷的早晨，我收到了一位高中朋友发来的一封有趣的电子邮件，邀请我参加为期10天的葡萄牙女子冲浪冒险活动。这个提议是不可抗拒的，我立刻知道我的答案是肯定的。)”以及“As a fan of travel, I quickly sought permission from my boss for this once-in-a-lifetime journey.(作为一名旅行爱好者，我很快就得到了老板的许可，开始了这次千载难逢的旅行。)”可知，作者收到了高中朋友的邀请，并且觉得这是一个无法抗拒的提议，立即决定参加这次充满挑战的冲浪冒险，因此加入葡萄牙冲浪之旅的动机是渴望寻求和享受挑战。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“We often limit ourselves to improving skills we already have. There’s a certain pride in improving our expert knowledge, becoming increasingly knowledgeable in our chosen fields, yet unintentionally, this focus often leaves other skills undeveloped and leads to ignoring other areas of potential growth.( 我们常常把自己局限于提高已有的技能。提高我们的专业知识，在我们选择的领域变得越来越博学，这是一种自豪感，但无意中，这种关注往往使其他技能得不到发展，并导致忽视其他潜在的增长领域。)”可知，作者认为成年人有一种自豪感，即通过提高自己在所选领域的专业知识来变得越来越有知识，但这种关注往往无意中忽视了其他技能和潜在的发展领域即他们倾向于只提高自己现有的技能。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air. Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humbleness that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on.(在我们出色的教练的带领下，我们一起面对海浪。有时，下着大雨，海浪在我们周围拍打，但我们仍然在那里。每一次滑倒，空气中都充满了鼓励的话语。老实说，我可能大部分时间都僵在骨头上，但这并不重要，因为真正的快乐和个人成就的新水平已经被解锁了。学习一项新技能教会了我在新事物上做得不好时的谦卑，以及当你最终掌握了你一直在做的事情时产生的自豪感。)”可知，第四段描述了作者和团队在艰难的条件下冲浪，如海滩的浅水和滑溜溜的岩石、雨水和巨大的波浪等。然而，尽管面临这些困难，作者仍然感到快乐和成就感，因为学习新技能带来了真正的快乐和个人成就即作者冲浪经历的是“艰难但值得”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，作者受到了高中朋友的邀请，决定参加这次由不同年龄段的陌生女性组成的10天冲浪活动。尽管面临诸多困难，如不同的个性和背景、陌生的冲浪环境以及学习新技能的挑战，作者和队友们还是克服重重难关，最终体会到了学习新技能的乐趣和成就感。作者认为，尝试新事物和走出舒适区能够激发个人的潜力和自信心，同时也鼓励读者要勇于挑战自我，不断探索新的可能性。作者通过描述自己尝试冲浪的经历，强调了走出舒适区、接受挑战和相信自己的重要性。C选项“Life begins at the end of your comfort zone.(生活从你舒适区的尽头开始。)”符合题意。故选C。 Passage 14 （2024高二下·湖南郴州·期末）The first time my daughter, Maia, realized I was leaving on a trip without her, she was alarmed. “Why did you even have me if you were just going to leave me behind? ” she sobbed. I tried to tell her that someday she’d understand the appeal of travel. But as my husband, Evan, pulled her off my leg so I could leave, I wondered if my solo trips would be worth the effort of going without her. Returning home after a few days away, I felt energized and inspired. Maia was happy to hear about my trip. But this was the age of learning about compromises. As in: “You have to wear a coat, but we’ll compromise and you can choose which one.” She told me I could keep going on trips for work — but we’d compromise: she’d come with me. When she was six, we flew to the Riviera Maya in Mexico. I was impressed by how cheerfully fearless she was when we swam in cenotes (天然井) or dived along a reef. In Fiji, nine-year-old Maia was attracted by the compassionate (有同情心的) women chiefs we met and decided she wanted to become a leader. During a trip to Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned how the coin flip of your birth country can affect your opportunities in life. When we finished up our travels and returned home to Vancouver for her high school education, it shouldn’t have come as a surprise to learn that our daughter had other ideas. Maia was thrilled when, after months of interviews, she was awarded a place to finish high school at Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa. But it was during that first airport goodbye that I realized it was my turn to be left behind. Compared to the goofy 17-year-old I’d bid goodbye to, the 21-year-old woman who came home from high school in Africa and, later, from university in France, seemed mature and unfamiliar. 1．How did Maia feel the first time she realized her mom was leaving on a trip without her? A．Sad. B．Amazed. C．Confused. D．Excited. 2．What does the author want to tell in paragraph 3? A．Maia’s joy of travel. B．Maia’s travel experiences. C．Maia’s impression on travel. D．Maia’s bravery during her travels. 3．What did Maria do for high school education after returning home to Vancouver? A．Maia finished high school in Vancouver. B．Maia got an award in high school. C．Maia applied for a school in Africa. D．Maia went on travelling in Southern Africa. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Travel shapes a person. B．Life is like a journey. C．All roads lead to Rome. D．Parents are the best teachers. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲与女儿Maia之间因旅行而产生的成长故事。起初，Maia对母亲独自出行感到不解和伤心，但后来母女俩开始共同旅行，这些经历激发了Maia的勇气、领导欲和对全球视角的理解。随着Maia长大，她选择去非洲完成高中学业，这段经历使她变得更加成熟独立，让母亲意识到角色转换，现在轮到她送别自己的孩子。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“The first time my daughter, Maia, realized I was leaving on a trip without her, she was alarmed. “Why did you even have me if you were just going to leave me behind? ” she sobbed. (当我的女儿Maia第一次意识到我要去旅行而没有带她时，她吓坏了。‘既然你要把我扔下，为什么还要生我呢？’她抽泣着说。)”可知，Maia第一次意识到她的妈妈要不带她出去旅行时，她感到伤心。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。文章第三段中“When she was six, we flew to the Riviera Maya in Mexico. (当她六岁的时候，我们飞往墨西哥的里维埃拉玛雅。)”和“ In Fiji, nine-year-old Maia was attracted by the compassionate (有同情心的) women chiefs we met and decided she wanted to become a leader. During a trip to Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned how the coin flip of your birth country can affect your opportunities in life. (在斐济，九岁的Maia被我们遇到的富有同情心的女酋长所吸引，决定成为一名领导者。在她13岁时的一次斯里兰卡之行中，她了解了出生国的硬币翻转如何影响你的生活机会。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了Maia的旅行经历。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“When we finished up our travels and returned home to Vancouver for her high school education, it shouldn’t have come as a surprise to learn that our daughter had other ideas. Maia was thrilled when, after months of interviews, she was awarded a place to finish high school at Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa. (当我们结束旅行回到温哥华让她接受高中教育时，得知我们的女儿有其他想法并不令人惊讶。经过几个月的面试，Maia获得了在南部非洲Waterford Kamhlaba联合世界学院完成高中学业的机会，她非常激动。)”可知，Maia回到温哥华的家中接受高中教育时，经过面试，Maia获得了在南部非洲Waterford Kamhlaba联合世界学院完成高中学业的机会。因此，Maia回到温哥华后，申请了在非洲的一所学校。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中的“I tried to tell her that someday she’d understand the appeal of travel. (我试着告诉她，总有一天她会明白旅行的吸引力。) ”和第三段“When she was six, we flew to the Riviera Maya in Mexico. I was impressed by how cheerfully fearless she was when we swam in cenotes (天然井) or dived along a reef. In Fiji, nine-year-old Maia was attracted by the compassionate (有同情心的) women chiefs we met and decided she wanted to become a leader. During a trip to Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned how the coin flip of your birth country can affect your opportunities in life.(她六岁时，我们飞往墨西哥的里维埃拉玛雅。当我们在天然井里游泳或沿着暗礁潜水时，她是多么快乐无畏，给我留下了深刻的印象。在斐济，9岁的Maia被我们遇到的富有同情心的女酋长所吸引，她决定成为一名领袖。13岁时，她去斯里兰卡旅行，了解到出生国的命运如何影响你一生中的机遇。)”可知，文章旅描述了旅行如何影响和塑造了Maia的性格和人生观，表达了旅行对一个人的塑造作用。故选A项。 Passage 15 （2024高二下·湖南益阳·期末）Raised in Bengaluru, Meera has always showed a keen interest in exploring the city’s rich heritage. She used to visit many lesser-known structures around the city. As an enthusiast, she enjoyed uncovering these hidden treasures and had always longed to make a meaningful contribution. When she grew up, Meera worked as a writer, focusing on topics related to forests and science. She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation. A key moment that redirected her career path was a visit to Devanahalli Fort. During her visit, she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage. The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural. But there, she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it. To preserve the forgotten heritage, she joined INTACH, a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of unprotected architectural heritage all over India. There are thousands of monument s in the country protected by the government. However, there are also small temples, buildings, schools, and homes that hold historical significance but are ignored. Besides restoration and preservation, they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage. While they do welcome tourists and travelers, their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident. The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage. Also, the team starts from looking for a prospective building, then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project. In the past years, they have restored buildings in and around Bengaluru such as Mayo Hall, Tipu’s Armoury, Gangubai Hangal, Museum, the Old OPD Building at NIMHANS which is now a museum, the Oriental Research Institute in Mysuru among others. They face many issues, with funding being the major challenge. However, she felt jammy enough to find enthusiastic individuals wanting to contribute as well as government funding here and there. 1．What does Meera truly love? A．Writing articles. B．Protecting heritage. C．Studying science. D．Exploring forests. 2．What made Meera surprised about Devanahalli Fort? A．It had such a long history. B．Its heritage was well protected. C．Its history and heritage were unknown. D．It was of great architectural importance. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Meera and the team? A．Their advantages. B．Their efforts. C．Their difficulties. D．Their spirits. 4．What does the underlined word “jammy” mean in the last paragraph? A．Upset. B．Anxious. C．Fortunate. D．Familiar. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Meera在去Devanahalli Fort的旅行中发现网上缺少关于这个地方的历史与遗迹的信息，受此启发，她开始致力于修复和保护被忽视的历史遗迹。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.(她最初追求写作，后来才发现自己对遗产保护的真正热情)”可知，她真正的爱好是遗迹保护。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“During her visit, she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage. The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural. But there, she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it.(在访问期间，她意识到网上缺乏关于其历史和遗产的信息。这个地方的意义不仅在于历史，而且在于建筑。但在那里，她感到震惊的是，似乎没有人知道这件事)”可知，网上缺少关于Devanahalli Fort历史与遗迹的信息，Devanahalli Fort有着重要的历史和建筑意义，但似乎没有人知道这个地方，对此她感到惊讶。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Besides restoration and preservation, they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage. While they do welcome tourists and travelers, their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident. The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage. Also, the team starts from looking for a prospective building, then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project.(除了修复和保护，他们还举办遗产讲座，让人们熟悉他们城市的遗产。虽然他们确实欢迎游客和旅行者，但他们对吸引当地民众的重视是显而易见的。该组织还举办了几次遗产步行活动，以传播人们对隐藏遗产的认识。此外，该团队从寻找未来的建筑开始，然后获得资金，然后找到适合该项目的建筑师和工程师)”可知，本段主要介绍了Meera加入了致力于保护被忽略的历史遗迹的组织，除了修复和保护历史遗迹，他们还举办活动让人们了解这些历史遗迹。即，本段告诉我们为了保护历史遗迹INTACH这个机构团体以及Meera所做的努力。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“They face many issues, with funding being the major challenge.(他们面临许多问题，资金是主要挑战) ”可知，他们面临很多问题，筹资是主要困难。再根据表示转折的“However”可知，她感到非常幸运，因为可以得到个人和政府的捐助。所以划线单词的意思为“幸运的”。故选C。 Passage 1 （2025高二下·湖南湘潭·期末）This year, Amazon received critical headlines when reports questioned the “Just Walk Out” technology at its physical grocery stores. The AI-powered system enables customers to simply pick their items and leave, with the AI using numerous sensors to determine purchases and automatically bill customers. However, reports claimed it required 1,000 Indian workers to check many transactions (交易). Amazon dismissed this as false, saying the staff reviewed the system, a common AI practice to ensure reliability. This case highlights “AI washing”. AI washing, similar to the concept of “green washing”, refers to companies making overstated claims about their use of AI. Some firms claim to use AI when they are actually using less-advanced computing methods. Others overstate the efficacy of their AI compared to existing techniques. According to OpenOcean, a UK-based investment fund, only 10% of tech start-ups mentioned using AI in their proposals in 2023. This number rose to more than a quarter in 2024 and is expected to exceed a third this year. The intense competition for funding and the desire to appear innovative have pushed some companies to exaggerate their AI capabilities. The problem of AI washing has been quietly lingering for several years. In a 2019 study, OpenOcean found that 40% of new tech firms that described themselves as “AI start-ups” in fact used virtually no AI at all. Currently, many companies simply attach an AI chatbot onto their existing non-AI operating software, giving the false impression of advanced AI integration. The lack of a single, agreed-upon definition of AI further worsens this issue. AI washing can have significant consequences. For businesses, it may lead to overpaying for technology and failing to meet operational goals. For investors, it becomes harder to identify truly innovative companies. And for consumers, unmet expectations from products claiming advanced AI can weaken trust in legal AI-driven start-ups. Regulators are starting to take action. The US government has already charged firms for false AI claims, and in the UK, relevant rules are in place. In the long run, as AI becomes more widespread, the problem of AI washing may decline naturally, as “AI-powered” will no longer be a unique selling point. 1．What did Amazon claim about the staff involved in the “Just Walk Out” technology in paragraph 1? A．Their task was to check all transactions by hand. B．They were mainly responsible for installing sensors. C．They examine the system to guarantee its dependability. D．They were proficient in AI and emphasized AI washing. 2．What can be inferred from the change in the percentage of tech start-ups from 2023 to 2024? A．More start-ups actually developed real AI technology. B．The competition for funding has made start-ups more innovative. C．The quality of AI technology in start-ups has significantly improved. D．The trend of AI washing has become more common among start-ups. 3．What is likely to happen in the future for AI washing? A．consumers will trust AI products more. B．AI washing will boost real AI development. C．investors can easily detect valuable AI firms. D．Companies using AI washing will face more legal risks. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．AI: A Selling Point B．AI Washing: A Rising Concern C．AI: A Hidden Danger D．AI Washing: A Promising Technology 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“AI 洗白”现象及其影响与应对。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Amazon dismissed this as false, saying the staff reviewed the system, a common AI practice to ensure reliability.(亚马逊驳斥了这一说法，称员工只是对系统进行审查，这是确保人工智能系统可靠性的常见做法)”可知，亚马逊称员工检查系统是为了保证其可靠性。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to OpenOcean, a UK-based investment fund, only 10% of tech start-ups mentioned using AI in their proposals in 2023. This number rose to more than a quarter in 2024 and is expected to exceed a third this year. The intense competition for funding and the desire to appear innovative have pushed some companies to exaggerate their AI capabilities.(根据英国投资基金OpenOcean的数据，2023年，只有10%的科技初创企业在提案中提到使用人工智能。这一数字在2024年升至超过四分之一，预计今年将超过三分之一。激烈的资金竞争和渴望显得创新，促使一些公司夸大其人工智能能力)”可知，从2023年到2024年，科技初创企业提及使用人工智能的比例大幅上升，这反映出“AI洗白”的趋势在初创企业中变得更加普遍。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Regulators are starting to take action. The US government has already charged firms for false AI claims, and in the UK, relevant rules are in place.(监管机构已经开始采取行动。美国政府已经指控一些公司虚假宣传人工智能，英国也制定了相关规则)”可推知，使用“AI洗白”的公司将面临更多的法律风险。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“AI washing, similar to the concept of “green washing”, refers to companies making overstated claims about their use of AI.(AI洗白，类似于“绿色洗白”的概念，指的是公司对其使用人工智能的情况夸大其词)”可知，文章主要讨论了“AI洗白”这一现象，即公司夸大其人工智能的使用情况，以及这一现象带来的问题、原因和可能的解决方式。因此，B选项“AI Washing: A Rising Concern(AI洗白：一个日益受到关注的问题)”最符合文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025高二下·湖南湘西·期末）The Inspiring Life Lessons Harry Potter Taught Us The wizarding world of Harry Potter has fascinated and attracted all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in revenue worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles (麻瓜). Take a look at a few of the life lessons from the wizarding world. People are complicated. Fairytales teach children that the world is only split into good and bad people. The Harry Potter series, however, make the characters alive by giving them multi-faceted (多层次的) personalities and changeable emotions. Take Harry for example: loyal, brave, kind, yet has moments of selfish impulsivity (冲动). Ron, for all his traits (特征) that most men have, as Hermione puts it, “the emotional range of a teaspoon”.  Even Hermione’s fierce intelligence can sometimes seem bossy and overpowering. If learning that no one is perfect isn’t a good life lesson for young people, then what is? True friendship is invaluable. Harry, Ron, and Hermione are arguably the most famous friends in literary history. Throughout the novels, their friendship is tested but always survives, stronger than ever. Yet through it all we learn the most important lesson: don’t take your friends for granted because they will be there through anything life throws at you. Other important life lessons we can learn from the Harry Potter series are: bravery comes in many forms. Competence is worth more than reputation. Virtue isn’t determined by abilities, but by choices. Always treat those below you with kindness. 1．How many life lessons did Harry Potter teach us in this article? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Everyone is imperfect. B．Ron has many special features. C．Harry has more strengths than shortcomings. D．People are neither purely good nor evil in fairy tales. 3．What makes the friendship between Harry and his friends invaluable? A．The tests of survival. B．The things happening in life. C．The hardships dealt with together. D．The arguments Harry put forward. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A fantasy fiction. B．A literary magazine. C．A news report. D．An academic journal. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了《哈利·波特》系列传递的多重人生启示。文章指出，该系列通过复杂的人物塑造与情节设计，向读者传递了关于人性、友谊、勇气与道德选择的深刻哲理。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“People are complicated. (人是复杂的)”、第三段“True friendship is invaluable. (真正的友谊是无价的)”、第四段“Other important life lessons we can learn from the Harry Potter series are: bravery comes in many forms. Competence is worth more than reputation. Virtue isn’t determined by abilities, but by choices. Always treat those below you with kindness. (我们可以从《哈利·波特》系列中学到的其他重要人生教训有：勇敢有多种形式。能力比名声更重要。美德不是由能力决定的，而是由选择决定的。永远要善待地位比你低的人)”可知，文章提到了六个《哈利·波特》教给我们的人生启示。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Harry Potter series, however, make the characters alive by giving them multi-faceted personalities and changeable emotions. Take Harry for example: loyal, brave, kind, yet has moments of selfish impulsivity. Ron, for all his traits that most men have, as Hermione puts it, “the emotional range of a teaspoon”. Even Hermione’s fierce intelligence can sometimes seem bossy and overpowering. If learning that no one is perfect isn’t a good life lesson for young people, then what is? (然而，《哈利·波特》系列通过赋予角色多方面的个性和多变的情感，使角色栩栩如生。以哈利为例：忠诚、勇敢、善良，但也有自私冲动的时刻。罗恩，尽管他有大多数男人都有的特质，正如赫敏所说，“情绪范围只有一茶匙”。就连赫敏的聪明才智有时也显得专横和压倒性。如果知道人无完人这件事对年轻人来说不是一个好的人生教训，那什么才是呢？)”可知，从第二段我们能学到人性是复杂的，没有人是完美的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Throughout the novels, their friendship is tested but always survives, stronger than ever. Yet through it all we learn the most important lesson: don’t take your friends for granted because they will be there through anything life throws at you. (在整部小说中，他们的友谊经受了考验，但总是比以往任何时候都更加牢固。然而，通过这一切，我们学到了最重要的一课：不要认为你的朋友是理所当然的，因为他们会陪你度过生活中的任何困难)”可知，第三段强调了友谊的珍贵源于共同经历的磨难。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The wizarding world of Harry Potter has fascinated and attracted all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in revenue worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles. Take a look at a few of the life lessons from the wizarding world. (二十多年来，《哈利·波特》的魔法世界吸引了各个年龄段的人。该系列共有七本书和八部电影，在全球创造了超过240亿美元的收入。除了有趣的角色和富有创意的情节外，《哈利·波特》系列还为麻瓜们上了宝贵的人生课。看看魔法世界给我们上的一些人生课吧)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了《哈利·波特》系列教给我们的一些人生教训，文章风格兼具文学分析与通俗解读，引用角色台词并分析主题，符合书评特征。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic (宇宙的) void (空白) remains silent and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism (虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless.The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the usefulness of negative spaces, declaring, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 1．What does the author suggest about the“temptation” in paragraph 2? A．It reflects humanity’s fear of cosmic emptiness. B．It strengthens people’s scientific curiosity about the void. C．It leads people to understate Earth’s unique qualities. D．It comes from the universe’s coldness to human existence. 2．Why does the author reject the temptation? A．He is a cosmologist who believes science. B．Earth remains the only known home for human experiences. C．Human experiences differ from those in voids. D．Earth’s small size and short life makes it unique. 3．What is the main purpose of paragraph 5? A．To explain why voids exist in universe and life. B．To suggest people should remove empty spaces in life. C．To analyze how emptiness in life offers significance. D．To prove filling empty spaces creates greater purpose. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Cosmic Voids: A Scientist’s Technical Analysis B．Filling the Emptiness: Finding Meaning in the Vast Universe C．Nietzsche Revisited: When Philosophy Meets Astronomy D．The Silent Universe: Why Our Existence Means Nothing 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨面对宇宙的虚无，人类应如何在其中寻找意义与价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism (虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. (当凝视宇宙的浩瀚虚无时，人们难免会被诱惑，以虚无主义的眼光看待我们这个渺小的世界。觉得我们的伟大成就微不足道，我们的历史未能留下任何印记，我们的关切与焦虑都毫无意义。)”可知，这种“诱惑”会导致人们低估地球的独特品质。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation.(我花费了多年时间去探究宇宙空洞所带给我们的启示。在研究的过程中，我逐渐学会了抵制这种诱惑。)”和第四段中的“Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art.(地球仍然是整个宇宙中已知的唯一有意识的生物抬起好奇的眼睛望向天空并感到好奇的地方。地球是已知的唯一人类可以生存的地方。它是已知的唯一有笑声、爱、愤怒和喜悦存在的地方。唯一已知的可以找到舞蹈、音乐和艺术的地方。)”可知，第四段中用排比句式强调地球是宇宙中已知的唯一存在“有意识的生物”、人类情感和艺术的地方，由此可知，地球是已知的人类唯一能有各种体验的地方，所以作者在研究过程中逐渐学会了抵制这种诱惑。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation.(虚空的存在保证了相反的情况；它们创造对比；它们充满潜力。我们从失去中感受到的痛苦是对深爱的生命礼物的最后提醒。演出前的沉默充满了强烈的期待。)”可推断，第五段的主要目的是分析生活中的空虚如何赋予意义。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose.(我们的工作是让宇宙充满意义和目的。)”可知，作者反对宇宙的虚无使人陷入无意义论，强调人类情感、艺术和存在的独特性，倡导在宏大宇宙中主动创造的意义，所以，“填补空虚：在浩瀚宇宙中寻找意义”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2025高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Distraction is often said to be the major cognitive (认知的) crisis of our time. In a recent article in The Atlantic, Rose Horowitch noted that “university students have trouble staying focused on even a poem”, and many American middle and high schools have shifted from literary texts to shorter passages. Actually, accusations of declining attention are nothing new in modernity. Even in the early 20th century, Ezra Pound observed a shift from poetry to prose (散文), explaining it as a result of readers’ inability to engage with the linguistic complexity of poetry. Over the decades, similar complaints about attention have continued. Yet, Horowitch suggests that rather than a loss of reading ability, we may be witnessing a shift in consumption habits. Students now view reading books much like listening to old record albums — outdated. Meanwhile, the popularity of audiobooks continues to grow. This suggests that the issue is not an inability to read long novels but rather a shift in what people value. “Students can still read books,” Horowitch wrote. “They’re just choosing not to.” This raises a deeper question: What kind of attention do we truly need, and why? Psychologists distinguish between focused attention and broader attention. In the famous Invisible Gorilla Experiment, participants counting basketball passes failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit dancing in the background. A wider focus, in contrast, may engage different cognitive skills and offer unique benefits. Could the younger generation be developing valuable attention modes we fail to recognize? What of the rapid, quick-fire, written exchanges of instant messaging? The art of making short and clever statements in 140 or 280 characters? What about the skills and quick reactions needed in video games? These new ways of engaging with content challenge us to rethink — with history as our guide — how we might approach long-form culture in fresh and flexible ways. 1．What does the underlined word “accusations” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Criticisms. B．Origins. C．Trends. D．Indicators. 2．What does the increase of audiobook listeners imply according to Horowitch? A．Printed books are less accessible. B．Reading preferences have changed. C．Digital reading devices are more popular. D．Modern people have limited reading time. 3．Why does the author mention the Invisible Gorilla Experiment in paragraph 4? A．To display the difficulty of multitasking. B．To illustrate the limitation of focused attention. C．To prove the wide presence of distraction in daily life. D．To stress the importance of cognitive flexibility in sports. 4．What will probably be discussed next? A．More valuable lessons taught by history. B．Challenges facing the young generation. C．The impact of technology on literacy skills. D．Strategies for book reading in the digital age. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是议论文。探讨了现代社会中注意力分散的现象及其背后的原因。 1．词句猜测题。根据后文“Over the decades, similar complaints about attention have continued.(几十年来，关于注意力的类似抱怨一直在继续)”可知，本段介绍了对注意力下降的指责，推知accusations应是“指责”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet, Horowitch suggests that rather than a loss of reading ability, we may be witnessing a shift in consumption habits. Students now view reading books much like listening to old record albums — outdated. Meanwhile, the popularity of audiobooks continues to grow. This suggests that the issue is not an inability to read long novels but rather a shift in what people value. “Students can still read books,” Horowitch wrote. “They’re just choosing not to.”(然而，霍洛维奇认为，我们可能正在目睹消费习惯的转变，而不是阅读能力的丧失。现在的学生认为读书就像听老唱片一样——过时了。与此同时，有声书的受欢迎程度也在持续增长。这表明，问题不在于无法阅读长篇小说，而在于人们的价值观发生了转变。“学生们仍然可以读书，”霍洛维奇写道。“他们只是选择不这么做。”)”可知，有声书听众的增加意味着阅读偏好已经改变。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“This raises a deeper question: What kind of attention do we truly need, and why? Psychologists distinguish between focused attention and broader attention. In the famous Invisible Gorilla Experiment, participants counting basketball passes failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit dancing in the background. A wider focus, in contrast, may engage different cognitive skills and offer unique benefits.(这就提出了一个更深层次的问题：我们真正需要什么样的关注，为什么？心理学家区分了集中注意力和广泛注意力。在著名的“看不见的大猩猩实验”中，计算篮球传球次数的参与者没有注意到背景中有一个穿着大猩猩服装的人在跳舞。相比之下，更广泛的关注可能涉及不同的认知技能，并提供独特的好处)”可知，本段提到隐形大猩猩实验是为了说明专注注意力的局限性，即过于集中注意力可能导致忽略其他重要信息。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Could the younger generation be developing valuable attention modes we fail to recognize? What of the rapid, quick-fire, written exchanges of instant messaging? The art of making short and clever statements in 140 or 280 characters? What about the skills and quick reactions needed in video games? These new ways of engaging with content challenge us to rethink—with history as our guide—how we might approach long-form culture in fresh and flexible ways.(年轻一代是否正在发展有价值的注意力模式，而我们却没有意识到？那么快速、快速、书面的即时通讯交流呢？用140或280个字符写出简短而聪明的陈述的艺术？那么电子游戏中需要的技能和快速反应呢？这些与内容互动的新方式要求我们重新思考——以历史为指导——我们如何以新鲜而灵活的方式接近长篇文化)”可知，接下来可能会讨论如何在数字时代以新的方式重新融入长篇文化，也就是数字时代的阅读策略。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2025高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）Let’s face it: we are influenced by AI algorithms (算法) when surfing the Internet on a daily basis. If you think about it, almost anything you can possibly click on over the Internet wants to influence you in some way. Even if it’s not an advertisement and the goal isn’t literally to sell you a product or service, it wants to influence you somehow, whether it’s getting you to think something, feel something, or do something. Behind every blogger, YouTube personality, and social media influencer, there are the companies that own the platforms these bloggers and influencers use: YouTube, Meta, TikTok, Instagram, and the rest. Generally speaking, the goal of these platforms is to keep users on them as often as possible for as long as possible and this increases the likelihood of those users clicking on targeted ads. These platforms use the users’ data to serve the content most likely to arouse their emotions and keep them engaged. The kind of content that’s effective at keeping people engaged often happens to be emotionally charged: sensational (轰动的), controversial, or misinformative. Unfortunately, due to its massive computing power, AI is very good at understanding your psychology (often better than you do) and, therefore, using content that is most likely to “push your buttons”. Obviously, AI itself has no emotions. It doesn’t “want” to influence you or to have power over you, but it does simply because, in the context of the Internet, that’s what it’s been programmed to do. The people who use AI as their tools are simply trying to accomplish the goal of any platform or company, which is to be profitable. In a previous post, I wrote about being data literate. Well, the first step towards protecting yourself against AI’s influence is to be conscious of the fact that we live in an attention economy in which much of the business occurs between companies that want your attention and the content platforms that provide it to them. 1．What message does the author try to convey about social media in paragraph 3? A．It is developing rapidly. B．It is trying to control us. C．It enjoys great popularity. D．It offers us a variety of choices. 2．What kind of content do the social media platforms favour most? A．The content that causes emotional reactions. B．The content that creates value for users. C．The content that spreads positive energy. D．The content that makes users feel satisfied. 3．Which of the following may be to blame according to the author? A．AI algorithms. B．Content creators. C．Social media users. D．Social media platforms. 4．What will the author probably talk about in the paragraph that follows? A．How social media platforms work. B．How AI algorithms are influencing us. C．Some measures to protect ourselves. D．Some negative effects of AI algorithms. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们必须面对这样一个事实：各大社交媒体平台正在利用人工智能算法来影响和控制我们，表面看它们是在吸引我们的注意力，其背后的真实目的自然是利益。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Behind every blogger, YouTube personality, and social media influencer, there are the companies that own the platforms these bloggers and influencers use: YouTube, Meta, TikTok, Instagram, and the rest. Generally speaking, the goal of these platforms is to keep users on them as often as possible for as long as possible and this increases the likelihood of those users clicking on targeted ads.(在每个博主、YouTube名人和社交媒体影响者的背后，都有拥有这些博主和影响者使用的平台的公司：YouTube、Meta、TikTok、Instagram等。一般来说，这些平台的目标是让用户尽可能频繁地使用它们，从而增加这些用户点击目标广告的可能性)”可知，本段作者列举YouTube、Meta、TikTok、Instagram等这些社交媒体平台为例，主要说明它们在吸引我们的注意力，最终目的是增加我们点击广告的概率。由此可知，作者在本段想要传达的信息是社交媒体正试图控制我们。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The kind of content that’s effective at keeping people engaged often happens to be emotionally charged: sensational (轰动的), controversial，or misinformative.(那些能有效吸引人们的内容往往是充满情感的：轰动的、有争议的或错误的信息)”可知，社交媒体上最能有效吸引用户的内容是那些轰动的、有争议的或错误的信息，这些内容有一个共同点，那就是能激发或煽动网友们的各种情绪反应，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Obviously, AI itself has no emotions. It doesn’t “want” to influence you or to have power over you, but it does simply because, in the context of the Internet, that’s what it’s been programmed to do. The people who use AI as their tools are simply trying to accomplish the goal of any platform or company, which is to be profitable.(显然，人工智能本身没有情感。它并不“想要”影响你或对你有权力，但它这样做只是因为，在互联网的背景下，这就是它被编程的目的。使用人工智能作为工具的人只是试图实现任何平台或公司的目标，即盈利)”可知，作者认为，人工智能本身没有情感，也无意影响我们或者调动我们的情绪，真正试图操控和影响我们的是社交媒体平台以及背后的公司，且第三段中“Behind every blogger, YouTube personality, and social media influencer, there are the companies that own the platforms these bloggers and influencers use: YouTube, Meta, TikTok, Instagram, and the rest.(在每个博主、YouTube名人和社交媒体影响者的背后，都有拥有这些博主和影响者使用的平台的公司：YouTube、Meta、TikTok、Instagram等)”也指出，社交媒体平台的上的内容生产者也是被平台操控的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。最后一段中“Well, the first step towards protecting yourself against AI’s influence is to be conscious of the fact that we live in an attention economy in which much of the business occurs between companies that want your attention and the content platforms that provide it to them.(保护自己不受人工智能影响的第一步是要意识到这样一个事实，即我们生活在一个注意力经济中，在这个经济中，许多业务发生在想要你关注的公司和为他们提供关注的内容平台之间)”谈到如何保护自己不受人工智能影响。由此可推知，作者接下来可能会继续就如何进行自我保护给我们提出更多的建议和措施。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $