专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦四类语篇（应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文）的针对性训练，通过真实语境材料系统培养语言理解与思维分析能力，契合高中英语核心素养要求。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|4篇（营地介绍、书籍推荐等）|细节信息查找、异同比较|以功能话题为线索，训练快速定位关键信息能力，强化语言能力中的信息提取素养| |记叙文|5篇（人物故事、寓言等）|事件梳理、情感态度推断|通过叙事结构分析，培养逻辑思维与文化意识，理解跨文化背景下的人文精神| |说明文|5篇（科学实验、健康研究等）|说明方法识别、推理判断|围绕科学主题构建知识网络，提升思维品质中的分析与推断能力| |议论文|5篇（科技辩论、社会现象等）|论点论据辨析、观点评价|聚焦辩证思维训练，发展批判性思维与学习能力，呼应高考命题趋势|

专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（4篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·河北秦皇岛·期末）You can put up a tent, view the stars and take in the sounds of the night from any of the public campgrounds in the Golden Gate National Parks. Reservations are required for all campgrounds. Bicentennial Campground At just 100 yards from Conzelman Road and the Battery Wallace parking and picnic areas, Bicentennial Campground is the most accessible of the four campgrounds in the Marin Headlands. It overlooks Bonita Cove and offers views of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge. Facilities: Three campsites, each suitable for one tent with up to three people. Restrictions: Three night maximum stay per year. No campfires. Fees: None. Hawk Campground Hawk Campground is located high in the hills overlooking Gerbode Valley and is the most remote of the campgrounds in the Golden Gate National Parks. It may be accessed via a three-mile hike along the Bobcat Trail from the Marin Headlands Visitor’s Center, or via a two-mile hike from the Tennessee Valley parking area. Facilities: Three campsites, each suitable for up to four people. Restrictions: Three night maximum stay per year. No wood or charcoal (木炭) campfires. Fees: $25 per night. Haypress Campground Haypress Campground is located in the heart of Tennessee Valley, 75 miles from the Tennessee Valley parking area. Facilities: Five campsites, each suitable for up to four people. Restrictions: Three-night maximum stay per year. No wood or charcoal campfires. Fees: None. Kirby Cove Campground Next to the north side of the Golden Gate Bridge, this is a beach-side campground featuring impressive views. It is open April through October, and is a great spot to appreciate the California coastline and to explore historic Battery Kirby. Facilities: Five campsites and one day-use picnic area. Fees: $40/night/site. 1．What is required to do to access the campgrounds? A．Pay for a guided tour. B．Make a booking in advance. C．Buy a tent in the park. D．Wait at the Visitor Center. 2．What do Bicentennial Campground and Haypress Campground have in common? A．They are open at night. B．They have three camp sites. C．They are free of charge. D．They allow charcoal campfires. 3．Which is a highlight of Kirby Cove Campground? A．Breathtaking coastal views. B．Unlimited annual visits. C．A natural history museum. D．An impressive hiking track. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个位于金门国家公园的露营地。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Reservations are required for all campgrounds.(所有露营地都需要预订)”可知，进入露营地需要提前预订。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Bicentennial Campground部分中“Fees: None.(费用：无)”和Haypress Campground部分中“Fees: None.(费用：无)”可知，Bicentennial Campground和Haypress Campground的共同点是都不收费。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Kirby Cove Campground部分中“It is open April through October, and is a great spot to appreciate the California coastline and to explore historic Battery Kirby.(它从4月开放到10月，是欣赏加州海岸线和探索历史悠久的Kirby炮台的好地方)”可知，Kirby Cove Campground的亮点是可以欣赏到令人惊叹的海岸景色。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·福建福州·期末）On a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone and step into a different world. Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets, by Patricio Pron In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well­known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics. When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi At the age of thirty­six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography (自传) finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living？”． To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Set in a small Alabama town in the 1930s, the story focuses on an honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line (冒风险) when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime. Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A True (as Told to Me) Story by Bess Kalb Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at the age of ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone from Belarus to America to survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention. 1．What type of book is the first novel? A．Sci­fi. B．Biography. C．A detective book. D．A history book. 2．Which book explores life and death? A．To Kill a Mockingbird B．When Breath Becomes Air C．Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A True (as Told to Me) Story D．Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets 3．Who is the main character in the last novel? A．Bobby Bell. B．Bess Kalb. C．Bess’s mother. D．Bobby’s mother. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四本适合雨天阅读的书，涵盖小说、自传等类型及各自内容。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. (1945年4月，在意大利，一位作家在一次会议上失踪，后在另一处被发现死亡。30年后，一名年轻人采访了会议的幸存者，试图揭开所发生事件的真相及其后果。)”可知，第一本书围绕“探寻作家死亡真相”展开，符合侦探类书籍的核心特征，故其类型为侦探小说。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the age of thirty­six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography (自传) finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living？”(36岁时，保罗·卡拉尼希被诊断出患有IV期肺癌。前一天他还是救治临终患者的医生，第二天就成了病人。这本自传在死亡面前找到了希望与美好，卡拉尼希试图回答“怎样的人生才值得过”这一问题。)”可知，When Breath Becomes Air 探讨了生命与死亡的主题。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at the age of ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. (贝丝·卡尔布保存了她90岁去世的祖母博比·贝尔的每一条语音留言。在这本书中，博比再次与贝丝对话，语气一如生前那般充满爱意，并为我们呈现了几代勇敢女性的故事。)”可知，最后一本书以博比·贝尔（Bobby Bell）的视角展开，她是该书的主要人物。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·河北唐山·期末）Some Music Festivals Pitchfork Music Festival Anyone who adores indie (独立的) music and up-and-coming artists will have an amazing time at the Pitchfork Music Festival in Chicago’s Union Park. This is a wonderful festival that explores more underground and less-known bands than the other big Chicago summer festival, Lollapalooza. Date: July 14-16 Location: Chicago,Illinois Music Type: Indie Price:$75-$365 Essence Music Festival No matter what time of the year it is, New Orleans is an incredible place to be if you love live music. The Essence Music Festival is a celebration of great artists like Diana Ross, Chaka Khan,and Mary J.Blige. Date: June29-July 2 Location: New Orleans,Louisiana,USA Music Type:R&B, soul Price: $126-$2,700 Sziget Festival Budapest knows how to organize a party, and Sziget is one of the biggest celebrations of music and culture in all of Europe. You can expect to watch favorite artists like Bad Religion and Mac DeMarco appearing on the stages here during this seven-day festival. Date:August 9-15 Location: Budapest, Hungary Music Type: Eclectic,indie, rock Price: $70-$96 Flow Festival The Flow Festival is a great excuse to explore the city of Helsinki. Artists including Lana Del Rey and The XX will be playing, among many others. Come to this festival to enjoy a relaxing atmosphere with an earth-friendly attitude. Date:August 11-13 Location: Helsinki, Finland Music Type: Rock, soul, jazz Price: $106-$199 1．Which is true about Pitchfork Music Festival? A．It is held all year round. B．It is held underground. C．It focuses on unknown bands. D．It celebrates a special festival. 2．If you are free in June, you can enjoy a music festival in ______. A．Chicago B．New Orleans. C．Budapest. D．Helsinki. 3．If your budget is tight, which festival is the most suitable for you? A．Pitchfork Music Festival. B．Essence Music Festival. C．Sziget Festival. D．Flow Festival. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了四个音乐节的时间、地点、音乐类型和票价等信息。 1．细节理解题。 根据Pitchfork Music Festival标题下的“This is a wonderful festival that explores more underground and less-known bands than the other big Chicago summer festival, Lollapalooza.(这是一个很棒的音乐节，与芝加哥其他大型夏季音乐节Lollapalooza相比，它探索了更多地下和不太知名的乐队)”可知，Pitchfork音乐节专注于不太知名的乐队。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Essence Music Festival标题下的“Date: June29-July 2(日期：6月29日至7月2日)”以及“Location: New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (地点：美国路易斯安那州新奥尔良)”可知，如果你六月份有空，你可以在新奥尔良享受音乐节。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Sziget Festival标题下的“Price:  70− 96 (价格：70-96美元)”以及与其他音乐节价格的比较可知，如果你的预算紧张，Sziget音乐节最适合你。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·广东广州·期末）Guangdong is home to many excellent birdwatching destinations, from coastal flats to quiet wetlands. Here are four must-visit destinations for bird enthusiasts to capture the beauty of migratory birds in their natural habitat. Haizhu Wetland, Guangzhou Located in the heart of Guangzhou, Haizhu Wetland serves as the city’s green lungs, with rich water networks and abundant birdlife. After years of ecological restoration, it has become a crucial stop for migratory birds. Over 200 bird species can be observed here, making it a must-visit for nature enthusiasts. Recently, a rare ruddy shelduck was recorded in the area. Shenzhen Bay Park Shenzhen Bay’s coastal wetlands are home to abundant fish and shrimp, making it an ideal feeding ground for migratory birds. From October to May, tens of thousands of migratory birds, including the black-faced spoonbill, tufted duck, and northern shoveler, stop here. This park is not only a birdwatcher’s paradise but also a scenic spot for visitors to enjoy seaside views. Xinghu National Wetland Park, Zhaoqing Xinghu National Wetland Park, with its numerous islands, vast water areas, and abundant fish and shrimp, provides an ideal feeding ground for migratory birds. From October to April, the area attracts flocks of migratory birds alongside resident species like the white egret. Visitors can enjoy breathtaking views of flocks of herons (鹭) in flight while cruising past the wild bird islands. Bird’s Paradise National Wetland Park, Jiangmen Famously described as the “Bird Paradise” by renowned author Ba Jin, Bird’s Paradise National Wetland Park is not only a natural birdwatching haven, but also the largest heron breeding ground in South China, with thousands hatched here annually. Its centerpiece—a 400-year-old water banyan tree—has grown into a 13,000 m² forest, home to tens of thousands of birds. During the breeding season in March and April, many visitors take boat tours along the river to witness Ba Jin’s poetic descriptions. 1．What unique feature does Haizhu wetland offer to birdwatchers? A．A 400-year-old water banyan tree. B．Boat tours during March and April. C．Coastal wetlands with abundant fish and shrimp. D．Over 200 bird species and a rare ruddy shelduck. 2．What do Shenzhen Bay Park and Xinghu National Wetland Park have in common? A．Their wetlands offer abundant food resources. B．They both have clean waters and green shores. C．They are both crucial stops with rich water networks. D．Ecological restoration has made them an ideal feeding ground. 3．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．An ecological report. C．An academic journal. D．A geography textbook. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是广东四个绝佳的观鸟胜地。 1．细节理解题。根据Haizhu Wetland, Guangzhou部分“Over 200 bird species can be observed here, making it a must-visit for nature enthusiasts. Recently, a rare ruddy shelduck was recorded in the area.(在此可观测到200多种鸟类，是自然爱好者的必访之地。近日，该区域还记录到了一只罕见的赤麻鸭。)”可知，海珠国家湿地公园有超过200种鸟类和一种罕见的赤麻鸭。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Shenzhen Bay Park部分“Shenzhen Bay’s coastal wetlands are home to abundant fish and shrimp, making it an ideal feeding ground for migratory birds.(深圳湾的沿海湿地拥有丰富的鱼虾资源，是候鸟理想的觅食地。)”和Xinghu National Wetland Park, Zhaoqing部分“Xinghu National Wetland Park, with its numerous islands, vast water areas, and abundant fish and shrimp, provides an ideal feeding ground for migratory birds.(星湖国家湿地公园拥有众多岛屿、广阔的水域以及丰富的鱼虾资源，为候鸟提供了理想的觅食地。)”可知，这两者的共同点是它们的湿地提供了丰富的食物资源。故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Here are four must-visit destinations for bird enthusiasts to capture the beauty of migratory birds in their natural habitat.(以下是鸟类爱好者在自然栖息地捕捉候鸟美景的四个必去目的地。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是广东四个绝佳的观鸟胜地，因此可能来自于旅游杂志。故选A。 语篇类型二: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽黄山·期末）Earth is filled with an amazing variety of creatures and an artist has put its diversity on display like never before. Anton Thomas of New Zealand has created a hand-drawn map of the entire planet that features animals in their natural habitats. His journey began in childhood, drawing imaginary worlds on his bedroom walls in Nelson. Thomas, as a child, longed for a world where nature ruled dominant. His map represents the “ideal planet that I wanted,” Thomas said. “I would see all the houses, and imagine what it was like before any humans showed up.” After years working as a chef and musician, a chance request to decorate an old fridge in Montreal relighted his passion for cartography (制图学), launching an extraordinary career. Thomas’s first major project, a massive map of North America, consumed five years of his life.  Working evenings after teaching jobs, he frequently redrew sections as his skills improved. “These represent real homes, not abstract (抽象的) art,” he stresses, explaining his thorough approach. The completed work earned recognition from National Geographic and The New York Times. Retired cartographer Tom Patterson praises its uniqueness: no digital tools were used, just pencil and paper. During the 2020 lockdowns, Thomas started his masterpiece: “Wild World.” Three years, approximately 2,602 working hours and 1,642 animal species later, “Wild World” is a hand-drawn map of our planet that both inspires and celebrates wonder. For three years, he carefully drew animals in their natural habitats using colored pencils and a magnifying glass (放大镜). The project, originally planned for six months, became an all-consuming labor of love that he considers his finest work. Now a full-time artist, Thomas continues to push boundaries in hand-drawn cartography. From elementary schools to Stanford University, he shares his unique vision. “Every map tells two stories,” he says, “the geography we see and the passion that brings it to life.” 1．What inspired Thomas to return to mapmaking? A．An opportunity to decorate a fridge. B．An offer from National Geographic. C．A journey in his childhood. D．His interest in cartography. 2．How did Thomas work on his first project? A．He worked mainly during the day. B．He kept working on it to improve. C．He used digital tools to save time. D．He followed others’ instructions. 3．Which statement best describes Thomas and his map “Wild World”? A．He sees it as a rough draft for bigger ideas. B．He feels proud and emotionally connected to it. C．He regrets spending too much time on it. D．He believes it deserves more public attention. 4．What does Thomas’s experience show? A．Education inspires creativity. B．Art shows truth. C．Passion fuels achievement. D．Tools limit art. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了新西兰艺术家安东·托马斯凭借手绘地图展示地球生物多样性的故事。他从小就对自然世界充满向往，在一次偶然的机会下重拾对制图学的热情，最终创作了手绘地图《野生世界》，并成为全职艺术家分享自己的独特视角。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After years working as a chef and musician, a chance request to decorate an old fridge in Montreal relighted his passion for cartography (制图学), launching an extraordinary career. (在做了多年的厨师和音乐家之后，一次偶然的机会，他受邀装饰蒙特利尔的一台旧冰箱，这重新点燃了他对制图学的热情，开启了一段非凡的职业生涯)”可知，一次装饰旧冰箱的偶然机会重新点燃了托马斯对制图学的热情，促使他回归地图绘制。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Working evenings after teaching jobs, he frequently redrew sections as his skills improved. (在教书工作结束后的晚上，随着技艺的提高，他经常重新绘制一些部分)”可知，托马斯不断改进完善他的第一个项目。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The project, originally planned for six months, became an all-consuming labor of love that he considers his finest work. (这个项目原本计划为期六个月，后来却成了一项让他全身心投入的热爱之事，他认为这是自己最出色的作品)”可知，《野生世界》这个项目虽然远超原计划时间，却成为他全身心投入的热爱之作，并且他认为这是自己最出色的作品，由此可推知他对这幅地图感到自豪且情感上与之紧密相连。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。纵览全文，结合最后一段“Now a full-time artist, Thomas continues to push boundaries in hand-drawn cartography. From elementary schools to Stanford University, he shares his unique vision. “Every map tells two stories,” he says, “the geography we see and the passion that brings it to life.” (如今身为一名全职艺术家，托马斯不断在手工绘制地图领域开拓边界。从小学到斯坦福大学，他都在分享自己独特的视角。“每一幅地图都讲述着两个故事，”他说，“我们看到的地理风貌，以及赋予其生命力的那份热情。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了托马斯从小就对自然世界有向往，后来因偶然机会重拾对制图的热情，之后投入大量时间和精力创作手绘地图，最终成为全职艺术家。他的经历体现了热情对成就的推动作用。因此，C项“Passion fuels achievement (热情推动成就)”符合文意。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏镇江·期末）There was a handful of common clay in the bank of a river. But it had high thoughts of its own value, and wonderful dreams of the great place which it was to fill in the world when the time came for its virtues to be discovered. One day the clay felt itself carried far away over a rough and stony road. But it was not discouraged, for it said to itself: “This is necessary. The path to glory is always rugged. Now I am on my way to play a great part in the world.” But the hard journey was nothing, compared with the suffering that came after it. The clay was put into a container and mixed and beaten. It seemed almost unbearable. But there was comfort in the thought that something very fine and noble was certainly coming out of all this trouble. The clay felt sure that, if it could only wait long enough, a wonderful reward was in store for it. Then an unknown hand put it into an oven, and fires were kindled about it — fierce and penetrating. But through all, the clay held itself together and endured its trials, in the confidence of a great future. At last the baking was finished. The clay was set down upon a board, in the cool air, under the blue sky. The suffering was passed. The reward was at hand. Then the clay saw the reward of all its patience and pain — a common flower-pot, straight and ugly. It felt that it was not destined for a king’s house, nor for a palace of art, because it was made without glory or beauty or honor. Many days it passed in depression. After a while it was filled with earth, and something was buried into the middle of the earth. After that, it was set in a greenhouse, where the sunlight fell warm upon it, and day by day as it waited, something was stirring within it — a new hope. Still it was ignorant, and knew not what the new hope meant. One day the clay was carried into a great church. It had a fine part to play in the world. Glorious music flowed over it. Still it could not understand. The other vessel told it, “You are carrying a royal lily, and the heart of it is like pure gold. The people look toward you because the root of it is in your heart.” Then the clay was content, because, though an earthen pot, it held so great a treasure. 1．How did the clay feel when it was carried over a rough and stony road? A．Calm and ambitious B．Excited and joyful C．Confident and hopeful D．Expectant and persistent 2．What motivated the clay to endure the harsh treatments based on paragraphs 3-4? A．The firm belief that its sufferings would lead to a rewarding future. B．The assumption that it would be decorated carefully after the baking. C．The thought that its sufferings were necessary to gain a special shape. D．The expectation that the trials would shape it into a noble and useful object. 3．What can be inferred from the clay’s final role? A．Location decides an object’s worth. B．Ordinary forms can hold great value. C．Grand expectations always come true. D．Suffering always brings instant rewards. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A．No pain, no gain. B．Slow and steady wins the race. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事。文章主要讲述了一块普通陶土经历磨难最终成为承载珍贵百合花的花盆，领悟自身价值的故事。 1．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“But it was not discouraged, for it said to itself: ‘This is necessary. The path to glory is always rugged. Now I am on my way to play a great part in the world.’(但它并不气馁，因为它对自己说：‘这是必要的。通往荣耀的道路总是崎岖不平的。现在，我正要在这个世界上扮演一个重要的角色。’)”可知，当陶土被搬运在崎岖不平的路上时，它感到自信且充满希望。故选C。 2．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“But there was comfort in the thought that something very fine and noble was certainly coming out of all this trouble.(但一想到所有这些麻烦中一定会产生出非常美好和高尚的东西，它就感到安慰)”和第四段中“But through all, the clay held itself together and endured its trials, in the confidence of a great future.(但尽管如此，陶土还是坚持了下来，忍受了考验，坚信未来是美好的)”可知，陶土忍受苛刻待遇的动机是坚信苦难会带来美好的未来。故选A。 3．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Then the clay was content, because, though an earthen pot, it held so great a treasure.(然后陶土满足了，因为，虽然它只是一个土盆，却盛着如此珍贵的宝物)”可知，从陶土的最终角色可以推断出平凡的形式也可以承载巨大的价值。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。 本文通过陶土经历磨难最终成为承载珍贵百合花的花盆的故事，传达了平凡之物也能拥有非凡价值的道理，与“Every cloud has a silver lining(乌云背后总有一线阳光)”的寓意相吻合，适合作为标题。A项“没有付出就没有收获”侧重于努力与回报的关系，未突出平凡与非凡的对比；B项“稳扎稳打终获胜”强调过程稳健，与文意不符；D项“不要过早乐观”与故事积极向上的主旨相悖。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末）Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant (移民) from Italy, held on to (守住) so many of her family’s traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in America, our home felt like in Italy. To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian. She may speak in some English terms and expressions from time to time, but our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us food—Italian food is an important part of our lives. The food my mother prepared for me and my sister as children is the same food my grandmother created in her small farm kitchen high up in the mountains. One of my family’s dishes of heritage I made sure to learn and perfect is my mother’s arancini divisor (Italian rice balls) Arancini, in Italian, means little oranges. After you roll some leftover rice into a small ball, place a piece of mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪) in the center, then bread that and fry it, the golden outside resembles (像) one of our favorite fruits. For my family, it also showcased my mother’s ability to always find a delicious way to never let anything go to waste: Last night’s good rice was repurposed (改变用途) into this perfect mid-day snack or dinner appetizer. So, when I take a perfect little arancini out of the hot oil and crack it open, I am immediately transported back to my childhood. I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of last night’s rice transformed into sticky, delicate goodness. This small snack symbolizes so many important elements in my life: my mother’ s waste-not philosophy, her ability to take a few simple ingredients and transform them, and finally, the way she carried her mother’s recipes to the U. S. in her mind and heart so she could, years later, teach me about my heritage through food. Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continued to make here in the U. S. after leaving Italy, allowed her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all. 1．What makes the author’s home feel like in Italy? A．Fruit and snacks. B．Neighbors and friends. C．Names and holidays. D．Food and language. 2．What does the underlined word “goodness” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Arancini divisor. B．Mother’s kindness. C．The Italian language. D．Amazing cooking skills. 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Why learning to cook is important for a mother. B．How the family heritage is taught through food. C．How childhood experiences change one’s life. D．Why mothers are important in. children’s education. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了生活在意大利裔美国家庭的作者通过学习和完善妈妈做的意大利饭团来学习意大利人的家庭传统。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian. She may speak in some English terms and expressions from time to time, but our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us, food—Italian food is an important part of our lives. The food my mother prepared for me and my sister as children is the same food my grandmother created in her small farm kitchen high up in the mountains.(直到今天，我妈妈只跟我说意大利语，虽然有时她会用一些英语词汇和表达，但我们的谈话大多是用她的母语，这些谈话大多是关于食物的，对我们来说，意大利菜是我们生活中重要的一部分，小时候妈妈为我和妹妹准备的食物和外婆在高山上的小农场厨房里做的一样)”可知，语言和食物使作者在美国的家里感觉像在意大利一样。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“So, when I take a perfect little arancini out of the hot oil and crack it open, I am immediately transported back to my childhood. I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of last night’s rice transformed into sticky, delicate goodness.(当我从热油里捞出一个无比美味的小饭团阿兰西尼，剥开吃的时候，那种美妙的味道立刻把我带回了童年时代。一个小女孩下车后穿过后门，扑鼻而来的是用前一晚的米饭做成的粘乎乎的、口感细腻的goodness)”可知，画线词goodness指的就是前面提到的“小饭团阿兰西尼”。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant (移民) from Italy, held on to (守住) so many of her family’s traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in America, our home felt like in Italy.(在意大利裔美国人家庭长大，对我来说很特别。我的母亲吉娜（Gina）是来自意大利的移民，她一直保留着她家的许多传统，以至于有 时候，不管我住在美国，我们的家感觉就像在意大利一样)”及最后一段“Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continued to make here in the U. S. after leaving Italy, allowed her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all.(吃了阿兰西尼，还有我母亲离开意大利后在美国继续做的所有其他食谱，让她教会了我，我是谁，我从哪里来，以及为什么我应该为此感到自豪)”可知，本文主要讲述的是生活在意大利裔美国家庭的作者通过学习和完善妈妈做的意大利饭团阿兰西尼来学习意大利人的家庭传统。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·辽宁·期末）It’s hard not to be impressed with 38-year-old Chris Ringot. The Missouri resident, who has Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), has been competing in Special Olympics games since he was 10. He’s tried many Special Olympics sports — everything from golf to bowling to basketball — but swimming is his passion. The first time he got in the pool, he showed a natural talent. After that, it just took off. From that moment on, swimming was a central part of his life. The camaraderie (友情) of Special Olympics and the swim family within it was really important to him, especially in the formative years. Chris became a star in competitions, and in 2011 he was selected for the Special Olympics World Games in Greece, where his relay team won a gold medal. It was a once-in-a-lifetime experience for Chris. When returning from the Games, he began giving keynote speeches to local organizations. He was the speaker in the school district where he grew up. The editor of the local newspaper wrote it was the best welcome-back-to-school speech he’d ever heard. Last year Chris was inducted into the Special Olympics Missouri Hall of Fame. The induction spoke not just to Chris’s athletic skills but also to what an inspiration Chris has been to his peers. Carrie, his sister, has never been surprised by his success. “We had great role models in our parents — growing up, it was always anything I could do, Chris could do. And most of the time Chris did it better!” she said. Chris also credits his parents for his love of giving back to his community. He is involved in his church along with his wife. He has worked as a supplies assistant at the children’s hospital for seven years. And most meaningfully, he’s recently become a swimming coach for Special Olympics. “That was one of my dreams — it was a milestone for me,” Chris shares. “I want to pass what I’ve learned on to the next generation of swimmers.” 1．What can we learn about Chris Ringot from the first two paragraphs? A．He was interested in becoming a star. B．He won his first individual gold medal in 2011. C．He developed his love for swimming instantly. D．He competed in the Special Olympics before 10. 2．What does the underlined word “inducted” probably mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Transformed. B．Divided. C．Merged. D．Introduced. 3．Which words can best describe Chris Ringot? A．Talented and reserved. B．Diligent and kind. C．Ambitious and likable. D．Adaptable and humble. 4．Why does the author mention Chris’ parents? A．To comfort other families. B．To show their sorrow. C．To emphasize their influence. D．To prove Carrie’s excellence. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了38岁唐氏综合征患者Chris Ringot的励志人生，通过他在特奥会的卓越表现、对社区的贡献及角色转变，展现了坚韧、爱与善良的力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“He’s tried many Special Olympics sports — everything from golf to bowling to basketball — but swimming is his passion. The first time he got in the pool, he showed a natural talent. After that, it just took off.(他尝试过许多特奥会运动，从高尔夫到保龄球再到篮球，但游泳是他的最爱。第一次下水时，他就展现出了天生的游泳天赋。从那以后，他的游泳事业便一飞冲天。)”可知，他迅速地对游泳产生了热爱。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When returning from the Games, he began giving keynote speeches to local organizations. He was the speaker in the school district where he grew up. The editor of the local newspaper wrote it was the best welcome-back-to-school speech he’d ever heard.(从奥运会回来后，他开始向当地组织发表主题演讲。他是他长大的那个学区的发言人。当地报纸的编辑写道，这是他听过的最好的欢迎返校演讲。)”可知，Chris非常成功，从而推知，划线词句“Last year Chris was inducted into the Special Olympics Missouri Hall of Fame.”意为：去年，Chris入选了密苏里州特奥会名人堂。划线词和Introduced意思接近，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“From that moment on, swimming was a central part of his life.(从那一刻起，游泳就成了他生活的中心部分。)”和最后一段“Chris also credits his parents for his love of giving back to his community.(Chris还感谢父母对他回馈社区的热爱。)”等内容，可知Chris游泳训练表现很勤奋、回馈社区表现很善良。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段第四句“We had great role models in our parents — growing up, it was always anything I could do, Chris could do.(我们在父母身上有很好的榜样——在成长过程中，我能做的任何事情，Chris都能做。)”及最后一段第一句“Chris also credits his parents for his love of giving back to his community.(Chris还将自己热爱回馈社区的品质归功于父母。)”可知，父母对Chris产生了很大的影响。故项C项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·河北衡水·期末）When Maggie was a very young girl, she loved looking up at the stars in the sky, and she loved a British television stop-animation(定格动画)series about mousy-looking beings from another planet called The Clangers. It’s debatable as to which inspired her dream of becoming a space scientist more, but one thing is for sure: The passion Maggie had for space sparked a career and helped her overcome her dyslexia(读写困难). The now celebrated space scientist, mechanical engineer, and science communicator grew up bouncing from one area of the country to another, the child of two Nigerian immigrants who divorced when she was young. Diagnosed with dyslexia at the age of eight, Maggie faced enormous challenges in traditional learning environments. Dyslexia often made reading and writing difficult, and she was sometimes looked down upon by classmates. Despite these obstacles, her passion for science and space exploration shone through. Rather than focusing on the limitations dyslexia imposed, Maggie discovered its advantages: Her brain was good at visualization and problem-solving, enabling her to think creatively and approach challenges from unique perspectives. Her journey to success wasn’t easy. After overcoming early academic struggles, she went on to earn degrees in physics and mechanical engineering. Today, she is well-known for her work in space science, including the development of satellites and instruments used to explore the universe. Her contributions to science are widely recognized, and she has become an inspiring role model for young people, particularly those facing learning difficulties. Her story is a powerful reminder that dyslexia is not a limitation but a different way of processing the world, one that can lead to extraordinary achievements. Maggie’s life and career prove that facing what makes you different can turn challenges into strengths, inspiring others to see the potential in their own unique abilities. 1．What can we learn about Maggie from paragraph 1? A．She was born with a talent for space science. B．Her dyslexia prevented her from achieving her dream. C．Her passion for space promoted her career development. D．The Clangers was the only factor that inspired her dream. 2．Which statement best describes Maggie’s early learning experience? A．Her classmates willingly backed her through her dyslexia challenges. B．She excelled in traditional learning environments despite her dyslexia. C．She faced significant difficulties in reading and writing due to dyslexia. D．Her parents quickly resolved her dyslexia-related issues after diagnosis. 3．What did Maggie’s achievements in science mainly owe to? A．Her natural talent in physics and engineering. B．Her focus on traditional academic success paths. C．Her early support from family in choosing a career. D．Her determination to overcome early academic challenges. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To highlight the importance of space exploration. B．To encourage people to face difficulties bravely. C．To discuss the disadvantages of dyslexia. D．To present a scientist’s research. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章以Maggie的成长经历为主线，讲述了她如何从童年对太空的热爱出发，克服读写困难的挑战，最终成为一位杰出的太空科学家、机械工程师和科学传播者的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s debatable as to which inspired her dream of becoming a space scientist more, but one thing is for sure: The passion Maggie had for space sparked a career and helped her overcome her dyslexia(读写困难).(很难说清究竟是星星还是这部动画更能激发她成为太空科学家的梦想，但有一点是肯定的：Maggie对太空的热爱开启了她的职业生涯，还帮助她克服了读写困难症。)”可知，Maggie对太空的热情推动了职业发展。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Diagnosed with dyslexia at the age of eight, Maggie faced enormous challenges in traditional learning environments. Dyslexia often made reading and writing difficult, and she was sometimes looked down upon by classmates.(8岁时，Maggie被诊断出患有读写困难症，在传统的学习环境中面临着巨大挑战。读写困难症常常让她在阅读和写作上举步维艰，有时还会遭到同学的轻视。)”可知，Maggie因读写困难症在阅读和写作上遭遇了显著困难。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Her journey to success wasn’t easy. After overcoming early academic struggles, she went on to earn degrees in physics and mechanical engineering.(她的成功之路并非一帆风顺。在克服了早期的学业困难后，她先后获得了物理学和机械工程学学位。)”可知，她的科学成就主要归功于克服早期学业挑战的决心。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Her story is a powerful reminder that dyslexia is not a limitation but a different way of processing the world, one that can lead to extraordinary achievements. Maggie’s life and career prove that facing what makes you different can turn challenges into strengths, inspiring others to see the potential in their own unique abilities.(她的故事有力地证明，读写困难症并非一种限制，而是一种认识世界的不同方式，这种方式甚至能带来非凡的成就。Maggie的人生和事业表明，正视自身的与众不同，能将挑战转化为优势，也激励着其他人去发现自身独特能力中蕴藏的潜力。)”以及全文内容可知，文章通过讲述Maggie的故事，重点突出了她如何凭借对太空的热情和决心，克服读写困难症带来的挑战，最终成为知名太空科学家的经历。鼓励人们勇敢面对困难，将挑战转化为优势。故选B。 语篇类型三: 说明文（5篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·河北秦皇岛·期末）A recent experiment on China’s space station showed that it’s possible to have closed aquatic (水生的) ecosystems in space. In this experiment, zebrafish, a small fish, successfully completed their life cycle from growth to reproduction in 43 days. On April 25th, four zebrafish, along with four grams of aquatic plants and three Chinese astronauts, were sent into space on the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft. The goal was to create a closed aquatic ecosystem where plants would produce oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep the fish alive. The fish, in turn, would provide nutrients to the plants through their waste. This setup aimed to create an environment where life could be sustained without outside help. Researchers from the Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the CAS designed the experiment. They built a fish tank with an advanced recycling system. The zebrafish food was injected into it with a syringe (注射器) to keep the ecosystem self-sufficient. The zebrafish, which are about 3 to 5 centimeters long, laid over 300 eggs at a time. Because zebrafish share over 70% of their genes with humans, they are ideal for studying human diseases and developing new drugs. In the microgravity of the space station, the zebrafish exhibited peculiar swimming patterns, including upside-down and spinning. These observations helped researchers understand how vertebrates (脊椎动物) adapt to space conditions. This experiment laid the foundation for future research in aquatic biology and space medicine. It also opened the door to sending more vertebrates into space to study their long-term effects. The water samples collected by the astronauts were brought back to Earth and stored in ultra-low temperature cases for further analysis. The successful creation of a closed aquatic ecosystem on the space station is a big achievement for China’s space technology. It advances our understanding of life in space and provides important data and support for future missions. With over 500 labs in China working on zebrafish research, this experiment opens new possibilities in space biology and life sciences. 1．What was the main purpose of the experiment involving zebrafish? A．To see how long zebrafish can survive in space. B．To study the effects of microgravity on human cells. C．To create a self-sustaining aquatic ecosystem in space. D．To test the ability of zebrafish to swim in microgravity. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The tank. B．The food. C．The system. D．The experiment. 3．What did the zebrafish exhibit in the microgravity environment? A．Rapid growth. B．Increased appetite. C．Increased egg production. D．Abnormal swimming behaviors. 4．What can we infer about the experiment from the fifth paragraph? A．It has great significance. B．It involves extensive laboratory analysis. C．The results have been widely applied in daily life. D．It involves cooperation among multiple countries. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国空间站近期进行的一项关于斑马鱼的实验，该实验成功在太空中建立了封闭的水生生态系统，为未来的水生生物学和空间医学研究奠定了基础。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The goal was to create a closed aquatic ecosystem where plants would produce oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep the fish alive. (目标是创建一个封闭的水生生态系统，植物通过光合作用产生氧气来维持鱼的生存)”可知，实验的主要目的是在太空中创建一个自给自足的水生生态系统。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They built a fish tank with an advanced recycling system. The zebrafish food was injected into it with a syringe (注射器) to keep the ecosystem self-sufficient. (他们建造了一个带有先进循环系统的水族箱。斑马鱼的食物用注射器注入到鱼缸中，以保持生态系统的自给自足)”和指代关系可知，指示代词it指代前文提到的“水族箱”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the microgravity of the space station, the zebrafish exhibited peculiar swimming patterns, including upside-down and spinning. (在空间站的微重力环境下，斑马鱼表现出奇特的游泳模式，包括倒立和旋转)”可知，斑马鱼在微重力环境下表现出异常的游泳行为。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“This experiment laid the foundation for future research in aquatic biology and space medicine. It also opened the door to sending more vertebrates into space to study their long-term effects. (这项实验为未来的水生生物学和空间医学研究奠定了基础。它还为将更多的脊椎动物送入太空以研究其长期影响打开了大门)”可推知，这项实验为未来的研究奠定了基础，具有重要的意义。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东广州·期末）Most of us have some “gut feelings” that we can’t explain. For example, when we hunt for a new house, we might suddenly like it a lot or dislike it right away. Or when we meet new people, we make instant judgements on them without careful thought. Research done by Leeds University shows that these feelings, or intuitions, are real and we should take them seriously. According to the research, intuition is the result of the way our brains store, process and obtain information on a subconscious (潜意识的) level, and so is a real psychological phenomenon that needs further study to help us unlock its potential. There are many cases where intuition prevented major disasters, and cases of remarkable recoveries when doctors followed their gut feelings. Yet, science has historically questioned the concept of intuition, labelling it as “anti-scientific”. Through analysis of a wide range of research papers examining the phenomenon, researchers have concluded that intuition is the brain drawing on past experiences and external cues to decide — but one that happens so fast that the reaction is on a non-conscious level. All we’re aware of is a general feeling that something is right or wrong. Researchers believe that people usually experience true intuition when they are under severe time pressure or in a situation of information overload or acute danger, where conscious analysis of the situation may be difficult or impossible. They cite a Formula One driver, who once braked suddenly before a sharp U-turn without knowing why. This automatic reaction saved him from crashing into a pile of cars ahead, likely preventing a fatal accident. Though he couldn’t explain his urge to stop, it overrode his competitive drive to win. After psychologists showed the driver a video replay, he realized at that very moment the crowd wasn’t cheering as usual — they stood frozen, staring in the opposite direction as he approached the U-turn. That was the cue. He didn’t consciously process this, but he knew something was wrong and stopped in time. Researchers believe that all intuitive experiences are based on the automatic evaluation of such internal and external cues. They say that we clearly need both conscious and non - conscious thought processes, but neither is superior to the other. 1．What does the research from Leeds University indicate? A．Gut feelings are not reliable in daily life. B．People ought to trust their intuitive feelings. C．Intuition is just a random psychological response. D．Intuitive responses often lead to wrong decisions. 2．According to Paragraph 3, what can we infer about intuition? A．Intuition is a random guess with no logical basis. B．Intuition only works in life - threatening situations. C．Intuition relies on conscious analysis of visible dangers. D．Intuition involves subconscious processing of external cues. 3．Which of the following real-life situations best illustrates the application of intuition? A．A shopper picks a product simply because its package looks attractive. B．A firefighter suddenly reroutes a rescue mission after sensing some hidden risks. C．A student solves math problems by strictly following formulas and logical reasoning. D．A student quickly guesses random answers without consideration during a timed quiz. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To describe how brains process external cues. B．To criticize the overuse of intuition in daily life. C．To compare conscious and subconscious thinking. D．To explain the scientific basis and value of intuition. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了利兹大学研究表明直觉真实存在且应被重视，其源于大脑潜意识处理信息，在紧急情况起作用，与有意识思考同等重要。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Research done by Leeds University shows that these feelings, or intuitions, are real and we should take them seriously. (利兹大学的研究表明，这些感受或直觉是真实存在的，我们应当认真对待它们。)”可知，利兹大学的研究结果表明人们应当相信自己的直觉感受。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through analysis of a wide range of research papers examining the phenomenon, researchers have concluded that intuition is the brain drawing on past experiences and external cues to decide — but one that happens so fast that the reaction is on a non-conscious level. (通过对大量研究论文的分析（这些论文探讨了这一现象），研究人员得出结论：直觉是大脑依据过往经验和外部线索来做出判断的——但这种判断过程极其迅速，以至于反应是在无意识的层面上发生的。)”可知，感性认识涉及对外部信息的潜意识处理。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Researchers believe that people usually experience true intuition when they are under severe time pressure or in a situation of information overload or acute danger, where conscious analysis of the situation may be difficult or impossible. They cite a Formula One driver, who once braked suddenly before a sharp U-turn without knowing why. This automatic reaction saved him from crashing into a pile of cars ahead, likely preventing a fatal accident. (研究人员认为，人们在面临巨大时间压力、信息过载或极度危险的状况时，往往会产生真正的直觉。在这种情况下，对具体情况的理性分析可能变得困难或根本无法进行。他们举了一个一级方程式赛车手的例子，该车手曾在一次急转弯前突然刹车，但当时他并不知道原因。这种本能反应使他避免了撞上前方一堆汽车的危险，很可能避免了一场致命事故。)”可知，直觉是潜意识基于过往经验和外部线索快速反应，常出现在时间紧迫或危险情境中。而一名消防员在察觉到一些潜在危险后，突然改变了救援计划最能体现直觉的应用。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us have some “gut feelings” that we can’t explain. For example, when we hunt for a new house, we might suddenly like it a lot or dislike it right away. Or when we meet new people, we make instant judgements on them without careful thought. Research done by Leeds University shows that these feelings, or intuitions, are real and we should take them seriously. (我们大多数人都有一些难以解释的“直觉感受”。比如，在寻找新房子时，我们可能会突然非常喜欢它或者立刻就讨厌它。又或者在遇到新朋友时，我们会未经深思就对对方立刻做出评价。利兹大学的研究表明，这些感受或直觉是真实存在的，我们应当认真对待它们。)”结合文章主要说明了利兹大学研究表明直觉真实存在且应被重视，其源于大脑潜意识处理信息，在紧急情况起作用，与有意识思考同等重要。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的主要目的是阐释直觉的科学依据及其价值。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）At a time when Americans consume more than half of their daily calories from ultra-processed (超加工的) foods, there is increasing evidence showing that eating too much of these foods can make us sick. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal finds people who consume high amounts of these foods have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and certain cancers. The data come from more than 9 million people who participated in dozens of studies. Ultra-processed foods are ubiquitous in our food supply. Among the most common are highly refined breads, fast food, sugary drinks, cookies, and other packaged snacks. They are often high in salt, sugar, fat and calories and low in fiber and micro-nutrients such as vitamins. Although no evidence proves that consumption of ultra-processed foods can directly cause anxiety, cancer or other health conditions, a growing body of evidence shows that ultra-processed foods contribute to the development of these conditions. A study published last year found people in the habit of consuming high levels of ultra-processed foods were about three times more likely to develop cancer, compared to those who consumed the least. When it comes to mood and mental health conditions, a French study showed that adults who maintained an unhealthy diet had more depressive symptoms. “We saw a roughly 20 to 50% increased risk of depressive symptoms in people who had diets that were high in ultra-processed foods,” says Wolfgang Marx, a researcher. A panel of advisors is currently evaluating all the latest diet and nutrition studies as part of a process to update the country’s Dietary Guidelines. It is possible that they could recommend limits on ultra-processed foods. On the regulatory side, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving ahead to finalize a new definition of the term “healthy”. The FDA says a “healthy” claim on food labels could help consumers identify healthier choices with a quick look and may encourage food companies to improve their products. 1．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Nutritious. B．Cheap. C．Widespread. D．Profitable. 2．What did the study published last year find regarding ultra-processed foods? A．They improve emotional stability. B．They cause health decline. C．They trigger immediate reactions. D．They lower nutritional value. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Future plans from food companies. B．New guidelines for food sales. C．Limits on ultra-processed foods. D．Responses to ultra-processed foods. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A health magazine. B．A biology report. C．A hospital leaflet. D．A food advertisement. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了超加工食品对健康的潜在危害，包括与癌症、焦虑、抑郁等疾病的相关性，并提到美国正在通过更新饮食指南和食品标签政策来应对这一问题。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ultra-processed foods are ubiquitous in our food supply. Among the most common are highly refined breads, fast food, sugary drinks, cookies, and other packaged snacks.(超加工食品在我们的食品供应中ubiquitous。其中最常见的有高度精制的面包、快餐、含糖饮料、饼干以及其他包装零食)”以及后文列举了高度精制面包、快餐、含糖饮料、饼干和其他包装零食等超加工食品，均为日常生活中常见的食物，说明超加工食品在食品供应中普遍存在。故划线词意思是“普遍的”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“A study published last year found people in the habit of consuming high levels of ultra-processed foods were about three times more likely to develop cancer, compared to those who consumed the least.(去年发表的一项研究发现，经常大量食用超加工食品的人患癌的可能性是很少食用此类食品的人的三倍之多)”可知，去年发表的那项研究对于超加工食品的结论是它们会导致健康状况恶化。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“A panel of advisors is currently evaluating all the latest diet and nutrition studies as part of a process to update the country’s Dietary Guidelines. It is possible that they could recommend limits on ultra-processed foods. On the regulatory side, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving ahead to finalize a new definition of the term “healthy”. The FDA says a “healthy” claim on food labels could help consumers identify healthier choices with a quick look and may encourage food companies to improve their products.(一个顾问小组目前正在对所有最新的饮食和营养研究进行评估，这是更新国家《膳食指南》过程的一部分。他们有可能会建议对超加工食品设定限制。在监管方面，食品药品监督管理局（FDA）正在推进以最终确定“健康”一词的新定义。FDA 表示，在食品标签上标注“健康”信息能够帮助消费者通过快速查看就识别出更健康的选择，并可能促使食品公司改进其产品)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是对超加工食品的反应。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“At a time when Americans consume more than half of their daily calories from ultra-processed (超加工的) foods, there is increasing evidence showing that eating too much of these foods can make us sick. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal finds people who consume high amounts of these foods have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and certain cancers. The data come from more than 9 million people who participated in dozens of studies.(在当下，美国人每日摄入的热量中有超过一半来自超加工食品。越来越多的证据表明，过量食用这类食品会让我们生病。《英国医学杂志》近期发表的一项研究发现，摄入此类食品较多的人患焦虑症、抑郁症以及某些癌症的风险会增加。这些数据来自参与了数十项研究的超过900万人)”以及全文围绕超加工食品的健康风险、研究发现及应对措施展开，内容面向大众，语言通俗易懂，旨在普及健康知识。故文章选自一本健康类杂志。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·山东菏泽·期末）Correcting the gigabytes (千兆字节) of digital misinformation that circulate at high speed online is a never-ending task. YouTube removed more than half a million channels last year for broadcasting misinformation. The powerful fact-checking organizations that try to keep the Internet honest face more claims than they can handle. How should they prioritize? Checkers came up with a new approach: forecasting which claims are most dangerous and thus which most deserve to be put under the microscope. Researchers from the University of Westminster developed a classifying system to sort dangerous misinformation from everyday nonsense. One test of a false claim is whether enough people will believe it so that it can cause any harm. To swing an election with misinformation, you need to persuade many people; to fool someone with fake medicine you need to convince only one. Another test is whether those believing a false claim have the capacity to act on it. Some people may be misled that Wi-Fi signals can kill plants, for example, but are unlikely to change their behaviour. The researchers estimated that, of the false claims in their sample, 57% were unlikely to contribute to any specific real-world effect. Of the remaining, potentially consequential misinformation, the checkers considered whether the consequence would be “direct” — such as persuading people to buy certain kind of goods, or “cumulative”, contributing to a false narrative about so-called success science, say. The claims were roughly evenly divided. “Cumulative” harm is harder to assess in a short time, says Peter Cunliffe Jones of the University of Westminster, but large data sets make it possible to see how often a claim is repeated, and thus when a narrative is forming. Time devoted to selecting which false claims to check is probably well spent. It takes five minutes to sort a claim, whereas carrying out a thorough check takes five to six hours. The fact-checking world needs to get more systematic in its approach, says Mr. Cunliffe Jones. “If this community is going to learn anything from this ... it’s that data is the future.” 1．What is the main challenge fact-checking organizations meet? A．Lack of professional fact-checkers. B．Difficulty in accessing reliable data. C．Resistance from social media platforms. D．The overwhelming amount of information. 2．In which case may a false claim be classified into “most dangerous”? A．It targets ordinary people. B．It brings about an action. C．It disguises itself with science. D．It spreads on many social media. 3．What is the closest in meaning with the underlined word “cumulative” in paragraph 4? A．Equal. B．Complete. C．Gradual. D．Instant. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It’s up to data to keep the Internet honest. B．Most false claims require thorough checks. C．It wastes too much to classify misinformation. D．Selecting matters more than thorough checks. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了事实核查组织面对网络海量虚假信息的新策略——利用大数据与分类模型，优先筛出“最危险”的谣言。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段句子“The powerful fact-checking organizations that try to keep the Internet honest face more claims than they can handle.(试图维护互联网真实性的强大事实核查组织面临的虚假言论数量超出了它们的处理能力。)”可知，核查机构面临的主要挑战是信息数量过于庞大。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“One test of a false claim is whether enough people will believe it so that it can cause any harm.(检验虚假言论的一个标准是，是否有足够多的人相信它，以至于它会造成任何伤害。)”和“Another test is whether those believing a false claim have the capacity to act on it.(另一个测试是那些相信虚假言论的人是否有能力对此采取行动。)”可知，只有当虚假言论“被足够多的人相信并付诸行动”时，才会被视为最危险；即“带来实际行动”是关键标准。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段句子“Of the remaining, potentially consequential misinformation, the checkers considered whether the consequence would be “direct” — such as persuading people to buy certain kind of goods, or “cumulative”, contributing to a false narrative about so-called success science, say.(核查人员对剩下的、可能造成影响的不实信息进行了考量：影响是‘直接的’——比如说服人们购买某类商品；还是‘cumulative’——助推形成关于所谓成功学的错误说法。)”可知，“cumulative”与“direct”并列，二者应该是对立关系，所以，此处指的是虚假叙事“逐渐累积”形成错误观念，而非瞬间或一次性影响，因此“cumulative”意为“逐步的、累积的”，与gradual意义一致。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。末段强调“data is the future(数据是未来)”，并指出“The fact-checking world needs to get more systematic in its approach(事实核查世界需要在方法上更加系统化)”“Time devoted to selecting which false claims to check is probably well spent.(把时间花在选择哪些虚假言论需要检查上可能是值得的。)”，暗示未来需要依靠数据来系统维护网络诚信。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·辽宁丹东·期末）One of the keys to tackling climate change is switching to sustainable energy. That means more solar power, wind turbines, electric cars, etc. However, there is a major obstacle when it comes to their design and manufacture (批量生产); they require rare earth metals, like nickel and cobalt, to build. Traditionally, rare earth metals are extracted through a long process that involves using dangerous, carcinoma (cancer-causing) chemicals. The chemicals used to extract and process the ions (离子) must be used in massive quantities due to their limited effectiveness, and their use and disposal are both extremely expensive and environmentally unfriendly. Not only that, but most of the metal is wasted. That is where the biosorption comes in. It is the process by which certain bacteria naturally change waste products like metal ions and compounds into nanoparticles (纳米颗粒) of solid metals. Bacteria undergo this process naturally, but scientists are searching for ways to genetically engineer them to work more efficiently and target specific metals rather than multiple types at once. To study this process, scientists mainly targeted bacteria that can process metals in batteries, especially lithium. They found that the bacteria were able to efficiently turn the metal ions into solid lithium, and other strains could process cobalt, manganese, and/ or nickel, demonstrating the incredible potential of biosorption in manufacturing. Biosorption will be a part of building a circular economy where metals are efficiently mined, processed, and recycled with as little waste as possible. More work needs to be done to scale this technology. As a next step, scientists are hoping to demonstrate that the extracted metals can indeed be used in new batteries and devices. As countries around the world work to push forward a cleaner, more sustainable economy, bacteria may have a larger role to play in the future of manufacturing. 1．Which of the following is a disadvantage of the traditional extraction? A．It is environmentally harmful. B．It produces low-quality metals. C．It requires a large amount of manpower. D．It can only extract particular types of metals. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Metals. B．Bacteria. C．Ions. D．Scientists. 3．What is the potential role of biosorption in building a circular economy? A．It can replace traditional mining methods. B．It can help recycle metals with minimal waste. C．It can be applied to the extraction of many metals. D．It can promote the large-scale production of batteries. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Future of Circular Economy. B．Bacteria Help Extract Rare Earth Metals. C．The Ways to Switch to Sustainable Energy. D．Biosorption Plays a Key Role in Manufacturing. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍生物吸附技术借助细菌提取稀土金属，及其在可持续发展中的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The chemicals used to extract and process the ions (离子) must be used in massive quantities due to their limited effectiveness, and their use and disposal are both extremely expensive and environmentally unfriendly.(由于效果有限，用于提取和处理离子的化学物质必须大量使用，而且它们的使用和处理既极其昂贵又不环保。)”可知，传统提取方法的一个缺点是对环境有害。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Bacteria undergo this process naturally, but scientists are searching for ways to genetically engineer them to work more efficiently and target specific metals rather than multiple types at once.(细菌自然会经历这个过程，但科学家们正在寻找对它们进行基因工程改造的方法，以提高工作效率，并针对特定的金属，而不是同时针对多种金属。)”可知，“them”指代前文提到的“Bacteria”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Biosorption will be a part of building a circular economy where metals are efficiently mined, processed, and recycled with as little waste as possible.(生物吸附将成为构建循环经济的一部分，在这种经济中，金属被高效开采、加工和回收，同时尽可能减少浪费。)”可知，生物吸附在构建循环经济中的潜在作用是有助于以最少的浪费回收金属。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要围绕生物吸附技术展开，介绍了其借助细菌提取稀土金属的过程、优势以及在循环经济中的潜力，核心是细菌在提取稀土金属方面的作用。因此，“Bacteria Help Extract Rare Earth Metals(细菌有助于提取稀土金属)”概括了文章主题，适合作为本文标题。故选B项。 语篇类型四: 议论文（5篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江苏南京·期末）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students keep in mind more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to reading on a digital device. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with a “suite of guiding tools”, but it turns out that the best guiding devices are your fingers. You can use them to look through the pages forwards and backwards. To think, all this time, those devices have just been sitting there, hanging at the end of your arm. Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero’s description. They even have a “bookmark system”, which uses a device called a “bookmark”. Fans of the e-book point out that digital text is easy to annotate. Some devices even feature a little image of a pencil to guide the reader through the process. Traditional-book users have a similar system called a “pencil”. With it, favoured passages can be underlined and, if it’s a history book, comments can be written in the margin (页边), such as “Not so, according to The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” Thus noted, such books can be left around for others to study, convincing family members of your insight. The printed book, of course, has other advantages. A full bookshelf is at once a sound base and a store of knowledge. And any properly thumbed book will always fall open at the sexiest scene. Also, the smell of old books in a second-hand bookshop is instantly remindful. Yes, it’s a mix of mould (霉味) and old paper, but to me it represents possibility. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the shift back to traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself standing at attention, extending my textbook-built shoulders and saluting their glorious return. In the debate about which is better, it seems that the hard-copy book is harder to knock out than originally thought. 1．Why does the author use the digital language to judge printed books? A．To explain concepts. B．To highlight development of languages. C．To please readers. D．To make better comparisons. 2．What does the underlined word “annotate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Search. B．Access. C．Add notes. D．Get information. 3．What attracts the readers as to printed books? A．Value of senses.B．Knowledge storage. C．Bookshelves. D．Bookstores. 4．.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why E-books Are Convenient B．Why the Printed Book Is Back C．Why Educational Fashions Change D．Why Digital Reading Becomes Popular 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍的回归及其原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with a “suite of guiding tools”, but it turns out that the best guiding devices are your fingers. You can use them to look through the pages forwards and backwards. To think, all this time, those devices have just been sitting there, hanging at the end of your arm.(我喜欢我们如今用数字世界的语言来评判纸质书籍的方式。电子书或许配有“一系列引导工具”，但事实证明，最出色的引导工具其实是你的手指。你可以用手指来前后翻阅书页。想想看，一直以来，那些设备都只是静静地躺在那里，悬在你的手臂末端)”可推知，作者喜欢使用这些电子时代的语言来评判纸质书，更多是为了在两者之间更好地作比较。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Fans of the e-book point out that digital text is easy to annotate.(电子书的爱好者们指出，电子文本便于……)”以及下面的举例“With it, favoured passages can be underlined and, if it’s a history book, comments can be written in the margin (页边), such as “Not so, according to The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” Thus noted, such books can be left around for others to study, convincing family members of your insight.(通过它，读者可以将喜欢的段落用线条划出，如果是一本历史书，还可以在页边写下评论（比如“并非如此，据《罗马帝国的衰落与覆灭》所述”）。这样一来，这样的书籍就可以放在那里供他人研读，还能让家人看到你的见解)”可知，用铅笔可将喜欢的段落标注下划线，若是历史书籍，可在页边题写评论，由此可推断，annotate的词意为“加注”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“And any properly thumbed book will always fall open at the sexiest scene. Also, the smell of old books in a second-hand bookshop is instantly remindful. Yes, it’s a mix of mound (霉味) and old paper, but to me it represents possibility.(而且任何被翻阅过的书页总是会在最精彩的情节处自动翻开。此外，在二手书店里，旧书散发出的气味会立刻让人想起过往。没错，那是一种霉味和旧纸张混合的味道，但对我来说，它代表着无限可能)”可知，文章提到触觉体验（用手指翻页）、二手书店里旧书的味道，说明了感官的价值让读者对纸质书籍产生兴趣。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students keep in mind more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to reading on a digital device.(纸质书又回来了。最近的研究表明，与在电子设备上阅读相比，学生阅读纸质书时能记住更多的信息)”以及文章主要介绍了印刷书籍的回归及其原因。故B选项“印刷书为何回归”是最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·辽宁大连·期末）I was hanging out with my grandma the other day, and she was wrestling with a new video-calling app on her phone. She looked like she was trying to solve a mystery (谜) straight out of a Sherlock Holmes novel, but when she finally got it to work and chatted with her old friend, her face lit up like a Christmas tree. It made me wonder, though, what all this tech-use is doing to our brains, especially for the older folks. You know, people keep talking about “digital dementia (痴呆)”. Isn’t that wild? Too much time spent on such electronic devices can make us brain-dead. But get this — some new study says that’s not the case at all! Here’s the kicker: the study found that older folks who dive head first into using computers and smartphones are actually way less likely to have their brains go “offline”, like, you know, 58% less likely to experience mental decline. Can you believe it? It’s like finding out the secret to staying young forever were right there in our pockets all along. So, is “digital dementia” just a load of nonsense? It sure seems that way, I mean, think about it, every time grandma figures out a net v app or goes through a software update, she’s giving her brain a workout. Plus, staying connected through devices keeps her from feeling like she’s living in a movie where she’s the only person left on Earth. But hey, we’ve gotta be careful here. With all the-tech-magic out there, it’s easy to get lost in the “digital rabbit hole”. And let’s not forget, too much screen time can turn anyone into a bad-tempered cat, especially the younger folks. So, while it’s awesome that; tech can help older folks stay sharp and social, we should also make sure everyone uses it in a balanced way. After all, who wants to be a deadhead when you can be a tech expert instead? 1．Why did grandma’s face light up like a Christmas tree? A．She managed to shoot a video. B．She figured out a new device. C．She unlocked the use of a new app. D．She succeeded in solving a mystery. 2．What does the author think of the influence of new tech on older folks? A．It distracts them from real life. B．It worsens their digital dementia. C．It replaces their usual workout. D．It gives them a brain stretch. 3．What does the “digital rabbit hole” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The act of overusing digital devices. B．The habit of buying latest devices. C．The way to use new technology. D．The place to store digital data. 4．What is the author’s tone like in the text? A．Relaxing and reflective. B．Critical and pessimistic. C．Serious and academic. D．Angry and authoritative. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨科技对老年人大脑的影响及使用建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was hanging out with my grandma the other day, and she was wrestling with a new video-calling app on her phone. She looked like she was trying to solve a mystery straight out of a Sherlock Holmes novel, but when she finally got it to work and chatted with her old friend, her face lit up like a Christmas tree.(前几天我和奶奶待在一起时，她正费劲地摆弄手机上一款新的视频通话应用程序。她看起来就像是在试图解开夏洛克·福尔摩斯小说中的一个谜团，但当她终于成功并和老朋友聊天时，她的脸像圣诞树一样亮了起来)”可知，祖母成功解锁了一个新应用程序的使用，所以她的脸像圣诞树一样亮了起来。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“every time grandma figures out a net v app or goes through a software update, she’s giving her brain a workout.(每次奶奶弄清楚一个网络视频应用程序或进行软件更新时，她都在锻炼她的大脑)”可知，作者认为新技术让老年人锻炼了大脑。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前“we’ve gotta be careful here.(我们也得留心)”及划线词后“too much screen time can turn anyone into a bad-tempered cat, especially the younger folks.(过多的屏幕时间会让任何人变成脾气暴躁的猫，尤其是年轻人)”可知，因为有了科技魔法，人们很容易迷失在过度的使用数码设备当中，故划线词digital rabbit hole指的是过度使用数码设备的行为。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章以奶奶使用新应用的日常场景引入，全文语言轻松（如“face lit up like a Christmas tree”，“bad-tempered cat”，“deadhead”等），同时探讨科技使用的利弊并给出建议，体现出反思性，故作者的语气是轻松且具有反思性的。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·吉林四平·期末）Last summer, my tech-fan cousin Alex bought an advanced self-driving car. One misty evening, as we drove on a narrow and winding cliff-side road, Alex, full of confidence, turned on the self-driving mode. At that time, I was nervous, holding the armrest tightly, while Alex casually scrolled (滚屏) through social media, completely ignoring the increasingly dangerous road conditions. Suddenly, a strong deer appeared in the headlights. At that critical moment, the car’s sensors, which had been failing unnoticed, went wrong. Instead of braking, the car sped towards the deer. Alex, realizing the danger at the last second, tried to reach for the steering wheel, but it was too late. The car crashed into the deer, and we were shaken hard. Surprisingly, the deer ran into the woods, unhurt. We sat in the damaged car, shocked. This accident made me reflect on technology’s issues. In healthcare, AI robots, sometimes, for speed, misread symptoms, causing incorrect diagnoses. In education, speed-focused AI graders may score essays by keywords, missing emotional depth in student stories-like a child writing of sadness, whose words become data, not cries for sympathy. In other words, AI prioritizes speed over correct diagnosis or students’ emotional expressions. Philosopher Sherry Turkle’s words make sense - “We’re sacrificing exactness and sympathy for efficiency.” But this doesn’t mean we should reject technology. We should use it carefully and wisely. Just like a compass helps a sailor but doesn’t replace his skills, technology should help our judgment, not take over. Doctors could use AI technology as an extra opinion, and compare it with their own knowledge. Teachers can use AI technology to analyze student data and adjust lessons with their own insights, and not to let algorithms (算法) control teaching. That night, standing by the broken car, I realized that technology, for all its power, depends on us. Over-reliance on it weakens our ability to adapt and think. In the end, we, not machines, should shape the future. 1．How did the author feel during the drive before the accident? A．Anxious. B．Tired. C．Curious. D．Dizzy. 2．What resulted in the accident of the self-driving car? A．The author’s scream. B．The high speed of the deer. C．Alex’s bad physical conditions. D．The car’s sensor failure and Alex’s inattention. 3．What does the underlined word “sacrificing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Taking on. B．Giving up. C．Focusing on. D．Making up. 4．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．People will depend on AI more and more. B．AI technology is of significance in the future. C．People should use technology carefully and wisely. D．AI will take over humans some day. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过自动驾驶汽车事故，探讨科技依赖问题并主张理性使用科技。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At that time, I was nervous, holding the armrest tightly, while Alex casually scrolled through social media, completely ignoring the increasingly dangerous road conditions. (当时，我紧张极了，双手紧紧抓着扶手，而Alex却漫不经心地刷着社交媒体，完全无视愈发危险的路况。)”可知，事故发生前作者因担忧潜在危险而紧张。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At that time, I was nervous, holding the armrest tightly, while Alex casually scrolled through social media, completely ignoring the increasingly dangerous road conditions. Suddenly, a strong deer appeared in the headlights. At that critical moment, the car’s sensors, which had been failing unnoticed, went wrong. (当时，我紧张极了，双手紧紧抓着扶手，而Alex却漫不经心地刷着社交媒体，完全无视愈发危险的路况。突然，一只体型健壮的鹿出现在车灯照射的范围内。就在这千钧一发之际，汽车那此前一直未被察觉地出现故障的传感器彻底失灵了。)”可知，事故的直接原因是传感器故障与驾驶者分心。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“In healthcare, AI robots, sometimes, for speed, misread symptoms, causing incorrect diagnoses. In education, speed-focused AI graders may score essays by keywords, missing emotional depth in student stories-like a child writing of sadness, whose words become data, not cries for sympathy. (在医疗保健领域，人工智能机器人有时会为了速度而误读症状，导致错误的诊断。在教育领域，那些以速度为导向的人工智能评分系统可能仅通过关键词来评判作文，从而忽略了学生故事中的情感深度一比如一个孩子写下关于悲伤的内容时，其文字在AI眼中只是数据，而非渴望共鸣的呼喊。)”可知，AI在医疗和教育中优先速度而非正确性，并且也会忽略情感。所以画线词意为“牺牲”，与giving up意思相近。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“We should use it carefully and wisely. Just like a compass helps a sailor but doesn’t replace his skills, technology should help our judgment, not take over. Doctors could use AI technology as an extra opinion, and compare it with their own knowledge. Teachers can use Al technology to analyze student data and adjust lessons with their own insights, and not to let algorithms control teaching. (我们应审慎且明智地使用技术。正如罗盘能辅助航海者导航却无法替代其航海技能一样，技术应当辅助我们的判断力，而非取而代之。医生可将人工智能技术视为辅助意见，并将其与自身专业知识相互印证；教师则可借助人工智能分析学生数据，结合自身洞察调整教学策略，而非任由算法主导教学过程。)”可知，该段通过类比强调技术需服务于人类判断，而非主导决策，我们应该谨慎而明智地使用技术。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·河南周口·期末）In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the over-consumption of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term has highlighted the harmful effects of internet addition, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an internet-free environment. When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. “Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because you’re just immersed in it,” Tara Cappel, founder of travel company FTLO Travel, told Travel + Leisure magazine. However, she acknowledged that tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Gherkin told the BBC, “While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.” Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest more realistic ways to address internet addiction. “I make sure my use of technology is purposeful,” Sina Joneidy, a senior teacher at Teesside University said when interviewed. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. “Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,” lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．What can we learn about digital detox trips? A．Most travelers are willing to take one. B．They provide a long-term solution to internet addiction. C．Participants lock their devices in a box until the trip ends. D．Travelers can use their devices for emergencies during the trip. 2．What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Trapped. B．Stuck. C．Absorbed. D．Rooted. 3．What is Emily Gherkin’s attitude toward a digital detox? A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Digital Detox: A Cure for All? B．Brain Rot: The New Internet Epidemic. C．Screen-Free Vacations: Helpful or Useless? D．Tech-Free Travel: An Ideal Cure for “Brain Rot” 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了数字排毒旅行的基本情况（旅行过程中不用电子设备），然后列举人们对这种旅行的不同观点。最后引用专家的观点：不要完全避免使用手机，而要采取更实际的方法解决网络成瘾问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an internet-free environment. When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end.(由于人们在度假时对远离科技的兴趣日益增长，旅游运营商现在推出了数字排毒旅行，在旅行中游客选择一个没有网络的环境。这类旅行开始时游客们会将自己的电子设备锁在一个储物箱中，直到旅行结束时才能取回)”可推断，数字排毒旅行中游客把电子设备锁在箱子里直到旅行结束。C项表示“参与者将他们的设备锁在一个箱子里直到旅行结束”，与推断相吻合。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段画线词前面的句子“Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free.(参加过数字排毒旅行的游客们证实不使用手机的各种好处)”以及“Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer(没有那种干扰，这种体验感要丰富得多)”可知，没有手机的干扰，旅游体验感会好很多，因为旅客专注的是旅游，因此画线词immersed含有“专注的”之意。选项中的Absorbed表示“全神贯注的”，与推断相符。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“consultant Emily Gherkin told the BBC, “While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.”(咨询顾问艾米莉·格克林告诉英国广播公司：虽然数字排毒旨在减轻压力，但关闭电子设备可能会引起更多的焦虑，因为我们与科技的关系很紧密)”可推断，艾米莉·格克林对数字排毒抱有怀疑态度。B项表示“怀疑的”，与推断相吻合。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The widespread use of the term has highlighted the harmful effects of internet addition, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox”.(该术语的广泛使用凸显了网络成瘾的不良影响，从而催生了一种名为数字排毒的旅行潮流)”、第三段中的“Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free.(参加过数字排毒旅行的游客们证实不使用手机的各种好处)”、第四段中的“While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.(虽然数字排毒旨在减轻压力，但关闭电子设备可能会引起更多的焦虑，因为我们与科技的关系很紧密)”以及末段中的“Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest more realistic ways to address internet addiction.(专家们建议，不要完全避免使用手机，而要采取更实际的方法来解决网络成瘾问题)”可知，本文首先介绍数字排毒旅行，然后提出关于它的两种不同观点，最后引用专家的话作结论：数字排毒不是万能的，要使用更实际的方法解决网络成瘾问题。选项A表示“数字排毒：是万能药吗？”和文章主旨相吻合，可作标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·河北邯郸·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) has outperformed humans in various tasks like chess, protein analysis, and complex financial data processing. Some claim that AI systems like DeepSeek approach human-level intelligence. However, such comparisons ignore their fundamental difference. A key distinction lies in learning efficiency. AI requires massive data and enormous energy to train, while humans learn efficiently with minimum information. A child recognizes birds after seeing just a few examples, whereas AI must analyze thousands of images. The human brain consumes energy equal to a light bulb (灯泡), yet achieves remarkable flexibility missing in AI. Memory systems further distinguish humans from artificial intelligence. Advanced AI suffers “catastrophic (灾难性的) forgetting”—new information erases previous knowledge unless engineers stop its learning process. Humans combine two memory types: semantic (语义的) memory for general knowledge and episodic memory for specific experiences. This allows continuous learning without losing core information. Although human memory is imperfect and occasionally unreliable, its selective nature promotes creative problem-solving in unpredictable situations. These differences arise from distinct design goals. AI focuses on finding precise patterns in huge datasets, unconcerned about energy limits. Human brains evolved (进化) for survival, prioritizing efficient learning and adaptable decision-making with limited resources. While AI masters tasks requiring strict rules like chess, humans outperform in imaginative thinking—composing poems or inventing tools by connecting personal experiences. Rather than viewing AI as an opponent, we should use it to enhance human capabilities. Machines handle data-heavy tasks like medical analysis, freeing humans for creative and social work requiring emotional intelligence. Human intelligence, shaped by evolution, remains irreplaceable in managing real-world uncertainties. Our imperfect memories, though sometimes causing errors, allow us to imagine future possibilities and learn from past mistakes. As technology advances, combining machine precision with human flexibility will boost progress better than seeking to replace either. 1．What can be known from Paragraph 2? A．AI recognizes patterns faster. B．AI lacks the flexibility of human learning. C．AI and humans learn at similar speeds. D．Humans learn by analyzing many cases. 2．What conclusion can be drawn about human memory? A．Its perfection makes humans superior to AI. B．It functions identically to AI memory systems. C．It causes humans to forget all past experiences. D．Its selective nature aids creative problem-solving. 3．What causes the differences between AI and human intelligence? A．Their separate design intentions. B．AI's lower energy consumption. C．AI's advantage in processing data. D．Humans' memory for general knowledge. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text? A．To warn people of the potential threat of AI to humans. B．To prove that human intelligence is the best in the world. C．To advocate the combination of AI and human intelligence. D．To encourage people to develop more advanced AI systems. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能(AI)与人类智能的差异，阐述了两者应相互结合而非相互竞争的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The human brain consumes energy equal to a light bulb, yet achieves remarkable flexibility missing in AI.(人脑的能量消耗相当于一盏灯泡，但却实现了人工智能所不具备的非凡灵活性)”可推断，与人脑相比AI没有灵活性。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Although human memory is imperfect and occasionally unreliable, its selective nature promotes creative problem-solving in unpredictable situations.(尽管人类的记忆并非完美无缺，有时也存在不可靠之处，但其具有选择性的特点却能在不可预测的情况下促进创造性问题解决)”可知，人类记忆的选择性可以在不可预测的情况下创造性解决问题。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“These differences arise from distinct design goals. AI focuses on finding precise patterns in huge datasets, unconcerned about energy limits. Human brains evolved for survival, prioritizing efficient learning and adaptable decision-making with limited resources.(这些差异源于不同的设计目标。人工智能专注于在庞大的数据集中寻找精确的模式，不考虑能量限制因素。而人类的大脑是为生存而进化而来的，其优先考虑的是在资源有限的情况下进行高效的学习和灵活的决策)”可知，AI和人类智能的差异源于不同的设计目标。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据末段“Rather than viewing AI as an opponent, we should use it to enhance human capabilities. Machines handle data-heavy tasks like medical analysis, freeing humans for creative and social work requiring emotional intelligence. Human intelligence, shaped by evolution, remains irreplaceable in managing real-world uncertainties. Our imperfect memories, though sometimes causing errors, allow us to imagine future possibilities and learn from past mistakes. As technology advances, combining machine precision with human flexibility will boost progress better than seeking to replace either.(我们不应将人工智能视为对手，而应利用它来增强人类的能力。机器能够处理诸如医疗分析这类数据密集型任务，从而让人类有更多时间从事需要情感智能的创造性工作和社交活动。人类智能是经过进化形成的，它在应对现实世界的不确定性方面仍然是无可替代的。尽管我们的记忆有时会出错，但它们让我们能够想象未来的可能性，并从过去的错误中吸取教训。随着技术的进步，将机器的精确性与人类的灵活性相结合，将比试图取代任何一方更能促进进步)”可推断，作者的写作意图是说明AI和人类智能的结合能促进进步，即倡导人工智能与人类智能的结合。故选C项。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·湖北武汉·期中）In June 2025, entertainment giants Disney and Universal Studios took legal action against Midjourney, an AI image tool, for breaking copyright laws. The legal case claims Midjourney used thousands of protected characters from Star Wars, superhero films and Pixar films to train its AI without permission. “This is not inspiration; it is mechanical copying,” the complaint states, noting that AI output directly competes with official products. This case marks a significant increase in AI copyright conflicts. Before, most court cases involved individual artists, but now large companies with large creative works have joined the battle. Disney and Universal seek payment and a court order to remove their protected works from Midjourney’s training data. Experts say the claim could reach hundreds of millions of dollars. Notably, this controversy also highlights a key technical challenge: current AI systems struggle to tell the difference between legitimate reference and unauthorized copying. A 2025 study by MIT researchers shows that vision-language models — systems that process both images and text — have serious difficulties understanding negation. For example, when tested with phrases like “a person is running” versus “a person is not running,” these models often fail to recognize the difference. Lead author Dr. Mert Yuksekgonul explained: “These models treat ‘not’ as unimportant noise, often ignoring it.” This problem affects content regulation. When users ask for images with negative limits — such as “a superhero not wearing a red cape” or “a cartoon mouse not looking like Mickey” — AI often creates exactly what it should avoid. Safety blockers based on negative instructions are thus ineffective. Midjourney defends itself by comparing AI training to human learning. However, Disney and Universal say this comparison fails: human artists change their influences through creativity, while AI mechanically piece existing elements together. Legal experts say the case will test “fair use” rules in the AI era. Columbia Law School professor Jane Ginsburg commented: “If the court sees AI training as creative change, it protects the industry. If not allowed use of protected content is seen as breaking the law, many AI models must be completely redesigned.” The trial starts in early 2026 and may take years to conclude. Meanwhile, a class-action lawsuit (集体诉讼) launched by thousands of artists against Midjourney in 2023 continues in California courts. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the case in Paragraph 1? A．To support traditional filmmaking. B．To introduce legal progress in AI copyright. C．To compare different methods of filmmaking. D．To criticize the quality of AI-generated films. 2．What does “negation” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Expressing a negative meaning. B．Creating images with negative content. C．Rejecting what users ask for. D．Lowering the quality of images. 3．What can we infer from the MIT study? A．AI can easily recognize Disney characters. B．AI has a better understanding of negation. C．AI safety protections may fail to work effectively. D．AI does not need copyright protection. 4．What’s Ginsburg’s attitude to the lawsuit? A．Confident Disney will win. B．Cautious about its result. C．Against AI technology. D．Unconcerned about the case. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要围绕迪士尼和环球影城起诉Midjourney侵犯版权这一事件展开，探讨了AI版权冲突、AI技术面临的挑战以及法律专家对该诉讼的看法等内容。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In June 2025, entertainment giants Disney and Universal Studios took legal action against Midjourney, an AI image tool, for breaking copyright laws.(2025年6月，娱乐巨头迪士尼和环球影城对人工智能图像工具Midjourney提起诉讼，指控其违反版权法。)”和第二段“This case marks a significant increase in AI copyright conflicts.( 此案标志着人工智能版权纠纷显著升级。)”可知，第一段通过描述迪士尼和环球影城对Midjourney提起诉讼这一具体案例，引出了后文关于AI版权冲突这一话题的讨论，即介绍了AI版权方面的法律进展。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“For example, when tested with phrases like “a person is running” versus “a person is not running,” these models often fail to recognize the difference.(例如，在测试 “一个人在奔跑” 和 “一个人没有奔跑” 这类表述时，模型往往无法识别二者差异。)”可知，文中用带not的句子举例，说明AI无法理解否定语义，negation 意为“否定；否定表达”。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“When users ask for images with negative limits — such as “a superhero not wearing a red cape” or “a cartoon mouse not looking like Mickey” — AI often creates exactly what it should avoid. Safety blockers based on negative instructions are thus ineffective.Safety blockers based on negative instructions are thus ineffective.(当用户提出带有否定限制的绘图要求时 —— 如“不穿红色披风的超级英雄”“外形不像米老鼠的卡通老鼠”，人工智能往往会生成明令禁止的内容。因此，依托否定指令设置的安全防护机制形同虚设。因此，基于负面指令设置的安全防护屏障是无效的。)”可推断出，人工智能安全保护可能无法有效发挥作用。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Columbia Law School professor Jane Ginsburg commented: “If the court sees AI training as creative change, it protects the industry. If not allowed use of protected content is seen as breaking the law, many AI models must be completely redesigned.”(哥伦比亚法学院教授简・金斯伯格评价：“如果法院认定AI训练属于创造性改编，整个AI行业将受到保护；若判定擅自使用版权内容属于违法行为，大量AI模型将不得不彻底重新研发。”)”可知，金斯伯格认为法院不同的看法会导致不同的结果，说明她对诉讼结果持谨慎态度。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·广东·期中）As a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative of renewable energy, wind power is witnessing a striking upward trend across the United States. In 2020, turbines (风力涡轮) generated about 8 percent of the country’s electricity — more than 80 times the share of wind-generated electricity in 2000 — according to the U.S. Energy Information Department. While the growth is a positive step toward curbing climate change, researchers have pointed out that this booming industry may pose severe threats to birds. An estimated 140,000 to 500,000 birds die each year due to turbine crashes. Bird deaths could rise to 1.4 million per year if the U.S. Department of Energy achieves its goal of expanding wind energy to 20 percent of the country’s total electricity generation by 2030. To prevent avoidable deaths, some scientists are supporting the use of citizen science data when deciding where to construct wind farms. Unlike conventional survey statistics, which cover limited time periods or geographical zones, the citizen science data stretch over the entire United States and reflect the entire year. The wind energy industry could use such information to get a more all-round picture and minimize harm to birds. Citizen science has already proven its value in bridging critical informational shortages in ecological research. From 2007 to 2018, more than 180,000 birders uploaded observations about bald eagles to the eBird database. Using that treasure house of data, conservation scientist Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez, of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, and her work fellows estimated where in the United States the birds would be most plentiful throughout the year and face the highest risk of colliding with wind turbines. “Citizen science data should inform decisions about where to build wind turbines,” Viviana argues. “What we’re able to do is really drawing on the strength that only citizen science has.” The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has recommended using the team’s bald eagle maps to identify low-risk crash areas suitable for building wind turbines. 1．What does the underlined word “curbing” in paragraph 1 mean? A．monitoring B．addressing C．documenting D．strengthening 2．What makes citizen science data more advantageous than traditional survey data? A．They cover a wider range. B．They have fewer usage limits. C．They are more accessible. D．They cost less to collect. 3．Why does the author use eBird data in Paragraph 4? A．To define a key term. B．To present a practical solution. C．To support the argument with an example. D．To draw a final conclusion. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Wind Energy Grows Fast in the United States B．Citizen Science Helps Protect Birds from Turbines C．Wind Turbines Bring Threats to Wild Birds D．New Ways to Choose Locations for Wind Farms 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍的是美国风力发电行业的快速发展对鸟类造成的威胁，以及科学家建议利用公民科学数据来选址建设风电场，从而减少对鸟类的伤害。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“While the growth is a positive step toward curbing climate change, researchers have pointed out that this booming industry may pose severe threats to birds. (虽然这一增长是curbing气候变化的一个积极步骤，但研究人员指出，这个蓬勃发展的行业可能会对鸟类造成严重威胁。)”可知，风力发电作为可再生能源的发展，其目的是应对气候变化，因此curbing意为“遏制；控制”。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Unlike conventional survey statistics, which cover limited time periods or geographical zones, the citizen science data stretch over the entire United States and reflect the entire year. (与传统的调查统计数据不同，后者只涵盖有限的时间段或地理区域，而公民科学数据覆盖整个美国并反映全年情况。)”可知，公民科学数据的优势在于覆盖范围更广。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Citizen science has already proven its value in bridging critical informational shortages in ecological research. From 2007 to 2018, more than 180,000 birders uploaded observations about bald eagles to the eBird database. (公民科学已经证明了其在弥补生态研究中关键信息短缺方面的价值。从2007年到2018年，超过18万名观鸟者将关于白头海雕的观察结果上传到eBird数据库。)”可知，作者使用eBird数据是为了举例支持公民科学价值的论点。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“To prevent avoidable deaths, some scientists are supporting the use of citizen science data when deciding where to construct wind farms. (为了防止可避免的死亡，一些科学家支持在决定风电场建设地点时使用公民科学数据。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是公民科学如何帮助保护鸟类免受风力涡轮机的伤害。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·浙江金华·阶段检测）Scientists have discovered that pairing dogs’ extraordinary sense of smell with artificial intelligence can effectively detect cancer early, offering a groundbreaking approach to diagnosis. Three original members of the Labrador (拉布拉多犬) team — Mars, Moon, and Pluto — demonstrated this potential by identifying cancer scent in breath samples with 94% accuracy across four cancer types (breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate), as reported in a November 15 Scientific Reports study. Assaf Rabinowicz, chief technology officer of this program, explains that the method’s strength lies in its equal effectiveness for early and late-stage cancers, crucial for improving survival rates. Dogs’ unmatched olfactory (嗅觉的) abilities enable them to detect faint chemical traces linked to cancer. During training, the Labradors learned to sit when sensing cancer in breath samples. However, human observers struggled to consistently interpret subtle cues like tail twitches or ear movements. To solve this, researchers developed an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to analyze the dogs’ body language objectively. In tests with 1,408 participants (261 confirmed cancer cases), the AI-enhanced system correctly identified 245 cancers while producing only 60 false positives among 1,048 healthy samples. Rabinowicz notes that while current U.S. tests employ smaller beagles for practicality, the original Labradors remain vital. “Mars, Moon, and Pluto not only delivered exceptional results but continue contributing to research,” he states, praising their reliability. The research highlights a broader truth: animals possess undeveloped potential in medical innovation. “This isn’t just about technology,” Rabinowicz emphasizes. “Dogs are partners rewriting diagnostic (诊断的) science, proving that nature and AI can work collaboratively.” Training dogs requires months of exposure to thousands of samples, while the AI helps make sure results are interpreted in the same way — a critical factor for clinical practice. Although this method cannot yet be used alone to diagnose cancer, it can work with existing screenings like blood tests or imaging, particularly in resource-limited settings. 1．What problem did the AI model solve? A．Dogs’ poor sense of smell. B．Inconsistent interpretation of dog cues. C．Lack of cancer samples. D．Time-consuming training. 2．What can be inferred about the original members of the Labrador team? A．They are unsuitable for AI-assisted analysis. B．They failed to adapt to large-scale clinical tests. C．They will be replaced by beagles in future research. D．Their contribution remains significant despite the application of new breeds. 3．Why does the author quote Rabinowicz’s statement in paragraph 4? A．To highlight the historical role of dogs in science. B．To criticize the high cost of training detection dogs. C．To emphasize the limitations of AI in medical research. D．To stress the revolutionary collaboration between animals and technology. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Training dogs for cancer detection takes too long. B．Technical shortcomings of AI in processing complex data. C．The method has limits but can supplement current screening. D．The necessity for future studies to replace current cancer screening methods. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家将狗的嗅觉与人工智能结合，能够有效早期检测癌症的突破性研究。研究表明，拉布拉多犬配合AI模型在癌症检测中表现出色，准确率高达94%。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, human observers struggled to consistently interpret subtle cues like tail twitches or ear movements. To solve this, researchers developed an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to analyze the dogs’ body language objectively.(然而，人类观察者很难一致地解读诸如尾巴抽动或耳朵动作之类的细微线索。为了解决这个问题，研究人员开发了一个AI模型，利用机器学习和计算机视觉客观地分析狗的肢体语言。)”可知，AI模型解决了人们解读狗狗信号不稳定、不统一的问题。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rabinowicz notes that while current U.S. tests employ smaller beagles for practicality, the original Labradors remain vital. ‘Mars, Moon, and Pluto not only delivered exceptional results but continue contributing to research,’ he states, praising their reliability.(Rabinowicz指出，虽然目前美国的测试出于实用性考虑采用了体型较小的比格犬，但最初的拉布拉多犬仍然至关重要。‘Mars、Moon和Pluto不仅取得了卓越的结果，而且继续为研究做出贡献，’他说道，赞扬了它们的可靠性。)”可知，尽管引入了新犬种（比格犬），但最初的拉布拉多团队成员（Mars, Moon, Pluto）因其卓越的表现和持续的贡献，其重要性并未减弱。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘This isn’t just about technology,’ Rabinowicz emphasizes. ‘Dogs are partners rewriting diagnostic (诊断的) science, proving that nature and AI can work collaboratively.’(‘这不仅仅是关于技术，’Rabinowitz强调道。‘狗是正在改写诊断科学的伙伴，证明了自然和人工智能可以协作。’)”可知，引用Rabinowicz的话是为了强调动物与技术之间革命性的合作关系。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Although this method cannot yet be used alone to diagnose cancer, it can work with existing screenings like blood tests or imaging, particularly in resource-limited settings.(虽然这种方法尚不能单独用于诊断癌症，但它可以与现有的筛查手段（如血液检测或成像）协同工作，特别是在资源有限的环境中。)”可知，本段主要说明这种检测方法存在局限，但可以作为现有筛查方式的补充。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·河南·阶段检测）CAR T-cell therapy (疗法) can be a lifesaving treatment for blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma. The gene therapy trains a patient’s T cells — white blood cells that play an important role in the immune (免疫) system — to fight cancer by making them produce chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) proteins. These proteins assist T cells in identifying diseased cells and removing them. But the current process involves harvesting T cells, modifying them and putting them back into a patient’s body. However, the production process is so slow that patients’ cancers can progress while they wait. The therapy is also prohibitively expensive for many people. That’s why scientists are working to engineer T cells within the body. So far, the novel practice has shown promise. To change T cells inside the body, researchers behind the two new trials relied on genetically modified viruses. They carry the genetic code for CAR proteins to patients’ immune cells. This method surmounts some challenges of CAR T-cell therapy, which are mentioned above. Researchers presented initial results of an early-phase clinical trial exploring CAR T-cell therapy that works inside the body at the American Society of Hematology annual meeting. This trial, along with another reported in July, 2025 in The Lancet, is inspiring hope that the experimental treatment can be used for certain hard-to-treat cancers, though the researchers also noted some serious side effects. “The question is no longer ‘Can you really do this?’” says Yvonne Chen, a scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “The question now is ‘Can you reach the level of effectiveness that’s expected and will the safety meet the target?’” Still, it’s very early. They’re only reporting on three patients, so we still have a lot more to learn. But it’s definitely an exciting development that’s beginning, at least, to offer proof of principle that it’s possible to do this with some effectiveness. 1．What is the function of CAR proteins? A．They help T cells destroy diseased cells. B．They can be transformed into T cells. C．They usually take the place of T cells. D．They recognize cancer cells by themselves. 2．Why are scientists trying to develop a new type of CAR T-cell therapy? A．To cure cancers without any side effects. B．To promote traditional cancer operation. C．To reduce dependence on white blood cells. D．To make the treatment quick and affordable. 3．What does the underlined word “surmounts” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Ignores. B．Illustrates. C．Confirms. D．Overcomes. 4．What is Yvonne Chen’s attitude towards the new therapy? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章讲述了CAR T细胞疗法能让患者的T细胞产生CAR蛋白来对抗癌症。但当前疗法存在生产慢、费用高的问题。为此科学家尝试在体内改造T细胞，新方法克服了一些挑战。虽然新疗法有希望，但有效性、安全性还有待进一步验证。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“These proteins assist T cells in identifying diseased cells and removing them.(这些蛋白质有助于T细胞识别病变细胞并将其清除)”可知，CAR蛋白的作用是协助T细胞识别并消灭患病细胞。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, the production process is so slow that patients’ cancers can progress while they wait. The therapy is also prohibitively expensive for many people. That’s why scientists are working to engineer T cells within the body. So far, the novel practice has shown promise.(然而，该治疗过程十分缓慢，患者在等待期间癌症可能会继续发展。而且这种疗法对许多人来说费用过高。因此，科学家们正在尝试在体内对 T 细胞进行改造。到目前为止，这种新方法已显示出一定的成效)”可知，目前的疗法生产过程缓慢且费用高昂，科学家研发新疗法正是为了解决这两个问题，即让治疗更加快捷且负担得起。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“To change T cells inside the body, researchers behind the two new trials relied on genetically modified viruses. They carry the genetic code for CAR proteins to patients’ immune cells.(在这两项新的试验中，研究人员利用经过基因改造的病毒来改变人体内的 T 细胞。这些病毒携带着制造CAR蛋白的基因，将其注入患者的免疫细胞中)”以及第二段提到的挑战是生产慢和费用高的信息可知，这个新方法直接在体内改造T细胞，解决了这些弊端，所以该词意为“克服”，与overcome同义。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段““The question is no longer ‘Can you really do this?’” says Yvonne Chen, a scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “The question now is ‘Can you reach the level of effectiveness that’s expected and will the safety meet the target?’”(加州大学洛杉矶分校的科学家伊冯娜·陈表示：“问题不再在于‘你真的能做到吗？’现在的问题是‘你能否达到预期的成效水平，以及安全性能否达到目标值？’”)”可知，她不再质疑新疗法的可行性，而是客观地提出了接下来需要关注的有效性和安全性问题，既不盲目乐观也未表现出怀疑或批评，态度是客观的。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（4篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·河北秦皇岛·期末）You can put up a tent, view the stars and take in the sounds of the night from any of the public campgrounds in the Golden Gate National Parks. Reservations are required for all campgrounds. Bicentennial Campground At just 100 yards from Conzelman Road and the Battery Wallace parking and picnic areas, Bicentennial Campground is the most accessible of the four campgrounds in the Marin Headlands. It overlooks Bonita Cove and offers views of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge. Facilities: Three campsites, each suitable for one tent with up to three people. Restrictions: Three night maximum stay per year. No campfires. Fees: None. Hawk Campground Hawk Campground is located high in the hills overlooking Gerbode Valley and is the most remote of the campgrounds in the Golden Gate National Parks. It may be accessed via a three-mile hike along the Bobcat Trail from the Marin Headlands Visitor’s Center, or via a two-mile hike from the Tennessee Valley parking area. Facilities: Three campsites, each suitable for up to four people. Restrictions: Three night maximum stay per year. No wood or charcoal (木炭) campfires. Fees: $25 per night. Haypress Campground Haypress Campground is located in the heart of Tennessee Valley, 75 miles from the Tennessee Valley parking area. Facilities: Five campsites, each suitable for up to four people. Restrictions: Three-night maximum stay per year. No wood or charcoal campfires. Fees: None. Kirby Cove Campground Next to the north side of the Golden Gate Bridge, this is a beach-side campground featuring impressive views. It is open April through October, and is a great spot to appreciate the California coastline and to explore historic Battery Kirby. Facilities: Five campsites and one day-use picnic area. Fees: $40/night/site. 1．What is required to do to access the campgrounds? A．Pay for a guided tour. B．Make a booking in advance. C．Buy a tent in the park. D．Wait at the Visitor Center. 2．What do Bicentennial Campground and Haypress Campground have in common? A．They are open at night. B．They have three camp sites. C．They are free of charge. D．They allow charcoal campfires. 3．Which is a highlight of Kirby Cove Campground? A．Breathtaking coastal views. B．Unlimited annual visits. C．A natural history museum. D．An impressive hiking track. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·福建福州·期末）On a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone and step into a different world. Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets, by Patricio Pron In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well­known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics. When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi At the age of thirty­six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography (自传) finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living？”． To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Set in a small Alabama town in the 1930s, the story focuses on an honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line (冒风险) when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime. Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A True (as Told to Me) Story by Bess Kalb Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at the age of ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone from Belarus to America to survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention. 1．What type of book is the first novel? A．Sci­fi. B．Biography. C．A detective book. D．A history book. 2．Which book explores life and death? A．To Kill a Mockingbird B．When Breath Becomes Air C．Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A True (as Told to Me) Story D．Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets 3．Who is the main character in the last novel? A．Bobby Bell. B．Bess Kalb. C．Bess’s mother. D．Bobby’s mother. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·河北唐山·期末）Some Music Festivals Pitchfork Music Festival Anyone who adores indie (独立的) music and up-and-coming artists will have an amazing time at the Pitchfork Music Festival in Chicago’s Union Park. This is a wonderful festival that explores more underground and less-known bands than the other big Chicago summer festival, Lollapalooza. Date: July 14-16 Location: Chicago,Illinois Music Type: Indie Price:$75-$365 Essence Music Festival No matter what time of the year it is, New Orleans is an incredible place to be if you love live music. The Essence Music Festival is a celebration of great artists like Diana Ross, Chaka Khan,and Mary J.Blige. Date: June29-July 2 Location: New Orleans,Louisiana,USA Music Type:R&B, soul Price: $126-$2,700 Sziget Festival Budapest knows how to organize a party, and Sziget is one of the biggest celebrations of music and culture in all of Europe. You can expect to watch favorite artists like Bad Religion and Mac DeMarco appearing on the stages here during this seven-day festival. Date:August 9-15 Location: Budapest, Hungary Music Type: Eclectic,indie, rock Price: $70-$96 Flow Festival The Flow Festival is a great excuse to explore the city of Helsinki. Artists including Lana Del Rey and The XX will be playing, among many others. Come to this festival to enjoy a relaxing atmosphere with an earth-friendly attitude. Date:August 11-13 Location: Helsinki, Finland Music Type: Rock, soul, jazz Price: $106-$199 1．Which is true about Pitchfork Music Festival? A．It is held all year round. B．It is held underground. C．It focuses on unknown bands. D．It celebrates a special festival. 2．If you are free in June, you can enjoy a music festival in ______. A．Chicago B．New Orleans. C．Budapest. D．Helsinki. 3．If your budget is tight, which festival is the most suitable for you? A．Pitchfork Music Festival. B．Essence Music Festival. C．Sziget Festival. D．Flow Festival. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·广东广州·期末）Guangdong is home to many excellent birdwatching destinations, from coastal flats to quiet wetlands. Here are four must-visit destinations for bird enthusiasts to capture the beauty of migratory birds in their natural habitat. Haizhu Wetland, Guangzhou Located in the heart of Guangzhou, Haizhu Wetland serves as the city’s green lungs, with rich water networks and abundant birdlife. After years of ecological restoration, it has become a crucial stop for migratory birds. Over 200 bird species can be observed here, making it a must-visit for nature enthusiasts. Recently, a rare ruddy shelduck was recorded in the area. Shenzhen Bay Park Shenzhen Bay’s coastal wetlands are home to abundant fish and shrimp, making it an ideal feeding ground for migratory birds. From October to May, tens of thousands of migratory birds, including the black-faced spoonbill, tufted duck, and northern shoveler, stop here. This park is not only a birdwatcher’s paradise but also a scenic spot for visitors to enjoy seaside views. Xinghu National Wetland Park, Zhaoqing Xinghu National Wetland Park, with its numerous islands, vast water areas, and abundant fish and shrimp, provides an ideal feeding ground for migratory birds. From October to April, the area attracts flocks of migratory birds alongside resident species like the white egret. Visitors can enjoy breathtaking views of flocks of herons (鹭) in flight while cruising past the wild bird islands. Bird’s Paradise National Wetland Park, Jiangmen Famously described as the “Bird Paradise” by renowned author Ba Jin, Bird’s Paradise National Wetland Park is not only a natural birdwatching haven, but also the largest heron breeding ground in South China, with thousands hatched here annually. Its centerpiece—a 400-year-old water banyan tree—has grown into a 13,000 m² forest, home to tens of thousands of birds. During the breeding season in March and April, many visitors take boat tours along the river to witness Ba Jin’s poetic descriptions. 1．What unique feature does Haizhu wetland offer to birdwatchers? A．A 400-year-old water banyan tree. B．Boat tours during March and April. C．Coastal wetlands with abundant fish and shrimp. D．Over 200 bird species and a rare ruddy shelduck. 2．What do Shenzhen Bay Park and Xinghu National Wetland Park have in common? A．Their wetlands offer abundant food resources. B．They both have clean waters and green shores. C．They are both crucial stops with rich water networks. D．Ecological restoration has made them an ideal feeding ground. 3．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．An ecological report. C．An academic journal. D．A geography textbook. 语篇类型二: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽黄山·期末）Earth is filled with an amazing variety of creatures and an artist has put its diversity on display like never before. Anton Thomas of New Zealand has created a hand-drawn map of the entire planet that features animals in their natural habitats. His journey began in childhood, drawing imaginary worlds on his bedroom walls in Nelson. Thomas, as a child, longed for a world where nature ruled dominant. His map represents the “ideal planet that I wanted,” Thomas said. “I would see all the houses, and imagine what it was like before any humans showed up.” After years working as a chef and musician, a chance request to decorate an old fridge in Montreal relighted his passion for cartography (制图学), launching an extraordinary career. Thomas’s first major project, a massive map of North America, consumed five years of his life.  Working evenings after teaching jobs, he frequently redrew sections as his skills improved. “These represent real homes, not abstract (抽象的) art,” he stresses, explaining his thorough approach. The completed work earned recognition from National Geographic and The New York Times. Retired cartographer Tom Patterson praises its uniqueness: no digital tools were used, just pencil and paper. During the 2020 lockdowns, Thomas started his masterpiece: “Wild World.” Three years, approximately 2,602 working hours and 1,642 animal species later, “Wild World” is a hand-drawn map of our planet that both inspires and celebrates wonder. For three years, he carefully drew animals in their natural habitats using colored pencils and a magnifying glass (放大镜). The project, originally planned for six months, became an all-consuming labor of love that he considers his finest work. Now a full-time artist, Thomas continues to push boundaries in hand-drawn cartography. From elementary schools to Stanford University, he shares his unique vision. “Every map tells two stories,” he says, “the geography we see and the passion that brings it to life.” 1．What inspired Thomas to return to mapmaking? A．An opportunity to decorate a fridge. B．An offer from National Geographic. C．A journey in his childhood. D．His interest in cartography. 2．How did Thomas work on his first project? A．He worked mainly during the day. B．He kept working on it to improve. C．He used digital tools to save time. D．He followed others’ instructions. 3．Which statement best describes Thomas and his map “Wild World”? A．He sees it as a rough draft for bigger ideas. B．He feels proud and emotionally connected to it. C．He regrets spending too much time on it. D．He believes it deserves more public attention. 4．What does Thomas’s experience show? A．Education inspires creativity. B．Art shows truth. C．Passion fuels achievement. D．Tools limit art. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏镇江·期末）There was a handful of common clay in the bank of a river. But it had high thoughts of its own value, and wonderful dreams of the great place which it was to fill in the world when the time came for its virtues to be discovered. One day the clay felt itself carried far away over a rough and stony road. But it was not discouraged, for it said to itself: “This is necessary. The path to glory is always rugged. Now I am on my way to play a great part in the world.” But the hard journey was nothing, compared with the suffering that came after it. The clay was put into a container and mixed and beaten. It seemed almost unbearable. But there was comfort in the thought that something very fine and noble was certainly coming out of all this trouble. The clay felt sure that, if it could only wait long enough, a wonderful reward was in store for it. Then an unknown hand put it into an oven, and fires were kindled about it — fierce and penetrating. But through all, the clay held itself together and endured its trials, in the confidence of a great future. At last the baking was finished. The clay was set down upon a board, in the cool air, under the blue sky. The suffering was passed. The reward was at hand. Then the clay saw the reward of all its patience and pain — a common flower-pot, straight and ugly. It felt that it was not destined for a king’s house, nor for a palace of art, because it was made without glory or beauty or honor. Many days it passed in depression. After a while it was filled with earth, and something was buried into the middle of the earth. After that, it was set in a greenhouse, where the sunlight fell warm upon it, and day by day as it waited, something was stirring within it — a new hope. Still it was ignorant, and knew not what the new hope meant. One day the clay was carried into a great church. It had a fine part to play in the world. Glorious music flowed over it. Still it could not understand. The other vessel told it, “You are carrying a royal lily, and the heart of it is like pure gold. The people look toward you because the root of it is in your heart.” Then the clay was content, because, though an earthen pot, it held so great a treasure. 1．How did the clay feel when it was carried over a rough and stony road? A．Calm and ambitious B．Excited and joyful C．Confident and hopeful D．Expectant and persistent 2．What motivated the clay to endure the harsh treatments based on paragraphs 3-4? A．The firm belief that its sufferings would lead to a rewarding future. B．The assumption that it would be decorated carefully after the baking. C．The thought that its sufferings were necessary to gain a special shape. D．The expectation that the trials would shape it into a noble and useful object. 3．What can be inferred from the clay’s final role? A．Location decides an object’s worth. B．Ordinary forms can hold great value. C．Grand expectations always come true. D．Suffering always brings instant rewards. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A．No pain, no gain. B．Slow and steady wins the race. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末）Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant (移民) from Italy, held on to (守住) so many of her family’s traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in America, our home felt like in Italy. To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian. She may speak in some English terms and expressions from time to time, but our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us food—Italian food is an important part of our lives. The food my mother prepared for me and my sister as children is the same food my grandmother created in her small farm kitchen high up in the mountains. One of my family’s dishes of heritage I made sure to learn and perfect is my mother’s arancini divisor (Italian rice balls) Arancini, in Italian, means little oranges. After you roll some leftover rice into a small ball, place a piece of mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪) in the center, then bread that and fry it, the golden outside resembles (像) one of our favorite fruits. For my family, it also showcased my mother’s ability to always find a delicious way to never let anything go to waste: Last night’s good rice was repurposed (改变用途) into this perfect mid-day snack or dinner appetizer. So, when I take a perfect little arancini out of the hot oil and crack it open, I am immediately transported back to my childhood. I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of last night’s rice transformed into sticky, delicate goodness. This small snack symbolizes so many important elements in my life: my mother’ s waste-not philosophy, her ability to take a few simple ingredients and transform them, and finally, the way she carried her mother’s recipes to the U. S. in her mind and heart so she could, years later, teach me about my heritage through food. Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continued to make here in the U. S. after leaving Italy, allowed her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all. 1．What makes the author’s home feel like in Italy? A．Fruit and snacks. B．Neighbors and friends. C．Names and holidays. D．Food and language. 2．What does the underlined word “goodness” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Arancini divisor. B．Mother’s kindness. C．The Italian language. D．Amazing cooking skills. 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Why learning to cook is important for a mother. B．How the family heritage is taught through food. C．How childhood experiences change one’s life. D．Why mothers are important in. children’s education. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·辽宁·期末）It’s hard not to be impressed with 38-year-old Chris Ringot. The Missouri resident, who has Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), has been competing in Special Olympics games since he was 10. He’s tried many Special Olympics sports — everything from golf to bowling to basketball — but swimming is his passion. The first time he got in the pool, he showed a natural talent. After that, it just took off. From that moment on, swimming was a central part of his life. The camaraderie (友情) of Special Olympics and the swim family within it was really important to him, especially in the formative years. Chris became a star in competitions, and in 2011 he was selected for the Special Olympics World Games in Greece, where his relay team won a gold medal. It was a once-in-a-lifetime experience for Chris. When returning from the Games, he began giving keynote speeches to local organizations. He was the speaker in the school district where he grew up. The editor of the local newspaper wrote it was the best welcome-back-to-school speech he’d ever heard. Last year Chris was inducted into the Special Olympics Missouri Hall of Fame. The induction spoke not just to Chris’s athletic skills but also to what an inspiration Chris has been to his peers. Carrie, his sister, has never been surprised by his success. “We had great role models in our parents — growing up, it was always anything I could do, Chris could do. And most of the time Chris did it better!” she said. Chris also credits his parents for his love of giving back to his community. He is involved in his church along with his wife. He has worked as a supplies assistant at the children’s hospital for seven years. And most meaningfully, he’s recently become a swimming coach for Special Olympics. “That was one of my dreams — it was a milestone for me,” Chris shares. “I want to pass what I’ve learned on to the next generation of swimmers.” 1．What can we learn about Chris Ringot from the first two paragraphs? A．He was interested in becoming a star. B．He won his first individual gold medal in 2011. C．He developed his love for swimming instantly. D．He competed in the Special Olympics before 10. 2．What does the underlined word “inducted” probably mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Transformed. B．Divided. C．Merged. D．Introduced. 3．Which words can best describe Chris Ringot? A．Talented and reserved. B．Diligent and kind. C．Ambitious and likable. D．Adaptable and humble. 4．Why does the author mention Chris’ parents? A．To comfort other families. B．To show their sorrow. C．To emphasize their influence. D．To prove Carrie’s excellence. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·河北衡水·期末）When Maggie was a very young girl, she loved looking up at the stars in the sky, and she loved a British television stop-animation(定格动画)series about mousy-looking beings from another planet called The Clangers. It’s debatable as to which inspired her dream of becoming a space scientist more, but one thing is for sure: The passion Maggie had for space sparked a career and helped her overcome her dyslexia(读写困难). The now celebrated space scientist, mechanical engineer, and science communicator grew up bouncing from one area of the country to another, the child of two Nigerian immigrants who divorced when she was young. Diagnosed with dyslexia at the age of eight, Maggie faced enormous challenges in traditional learning environments. Dyslexia often made reading and writing difficult, and she was sometimes looked down upon by classmates. Despite these obstacles, her passion for science and space exploration shone through. Rather than focusing on the limitations dyslexia imposed, Maggie discovered its advantages: Her brain was good at visualization and problem-solving, enabling her to think creatively and approach challenges from unique perspectives. Her journey to success wasn’t easy. After overcoming early academic struggles, she went on to earn degrees in physics and mechanical engineering. Today, she is well-known for her work in space science, including the development of satellites and instruments used to explore the universe. Her contributions to science are widely recognized, and she has become an inspiring role model for young people, particularly those facing learning difficulties. Her story is a powerful reminder that dyslexia is not a limitation but a different way of processing the world, one that can lead to extraordinary achievements. Maggie’s life and career prove that facing what makes you different can turn challenges into strengths, inspiring others to see the potential in their own unique abilities. 1．What can we learn about Maggie from paragraph 1? A．She was born with a talent for space science. B．Her dyslexia prevented her from achieving her dream. C．Her passion for space promoted her career development. D．The Clangers was the only factor that inspired her dream. 2．Which statement best describes Maggie’s early learning experience? A．Her classmates willingly backed her through her dyslexia challenges. B．She excelled in traditional learning environments despite her dyslexia. C．She faced significant difficulties in reading and writing due to dyslexia. D．Her parents quickly resolved her dyslexia-related issues after diagnosis. 3．What did Maggie’s achievements in science mainly owe to? A．Her natural talent in physics and engineering. B．Her focus on traditional academic success paths. C．Her early support from family in choosing a career. D．Her determination to overcome early academic challenges. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To highlight the importance of space exploration. B．To encourage people to face difficulties bravely. C．To discuss the disadvantages of dyslexia. D．To present a scientist’s research. 语篇类型三: 说明文（5篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·河北秦皇岛·期末）A recent experiment on China’s space station showed that it’s possible to have closed aquatic (水生的) ecosystems in space. In this experiment, zebrafish, a small fish, successfully completed their life cycle from growth to reproduction in 43 days. On April 25th, four zebrafish, along with four grams of aquatic plants and three Chinese astronauts, were sent into space on the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft. The goal was to create a closed aquatic ecosystem where plants would produce oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep the fish alive. The fish, in turn, would provide nutrients to the plants through their waste. This setup aimed to create an environment where life could be sustained without outside help. Researchers from the Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the CAS designed the experiment. They built a fish tank with an advanced recycling system. The zebrafish food was injected into it with a syringe (注射器) to keep the ecosystem self-sufficient. The zebrafish, which are about 3 to 5 centimeters long, laid over 300 eggs at a time. Because zebrafish share over 70% of their genes with humans, they are ideal for studying human diseases and developing new drugs. In the microgravity of the space station, the zebrafish exhibited peculiar swimming patterns, including upside-down and spinning. These observations helped researchers understand how vertebrates (脊椎动物) adapt to space conditions. This experiment laid the foundation for future research in aquatic biology and space medicine. It also opened the door to sending more vertebrates into space to study their long-term effects. The water samples collected by the astronauts were brought back to Earth and stored in ultra-low temperature cases for further analysis. The successful creation of a closed aquatic ecosystem on the space station is a big achievement for China’s space technology. It advances our understanding of life in space and provides important data and support for future missions. With over 500 labs in China working on zebrafish research, this experiment opens new possibilities in space biology and life sciences. 1．What was the main purpose of the experiment involving zebrafish? A．To see how long zebrafish can survive in space. B．To study the effects of microgravity on human cells. C．To create a self-sustaining aquatic ecosystem in space. D．To test the ability of zebrafish to swim in microgravity. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The tank. B．The food. C．The system. D．The experiment. 3．What did the zebrafish exhibit in the microgravity environment? A．Rapid growth. B．Increased appetite. C．Increased egg production. D．Abnormal swimming behaviors. 4．What can we infer about the experiment from the fifth paragraph? A．It has great significance. B．It involves extensive laboratory analysis. C．The results have been widely applied in daily life. D．It involves cooperation among multiple countries. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东广州·期末）Most of us have some “gut feelings” that we can’t explain. For example, when we hunt for a new house, we might suddenly like it a lot or dislike it right away. Or when we meet new people, we make instant judgements on them without careful thought. Research done by Leeds University shows that these feelings, or intuitions, are real and we should take them seriously. According to the research, intuition is the result of the way our brains store, process and obtain information on a subconscious (潜意识的) level, and so is a real psychological phenomenon that needs further study to help us unlock its potential. There are many cases where intuition prevented major disasters, and cases of remarkable recoveries when doctors followed their gut feelings. Yet, science has historically questioned the concept of intuition, labelling it as “anti-scientific”. Through analysis of a wide range of research papers examining the phenomenon, researchers have concluded that intuition is the brain drawing on past experiences and external cues to decide — but one that happens so fast that the reaction is on a non-conscious level. All we’re aware of is a general feeling that something is right or wrong. Researchers believe that people usually experience true intuition when they are under severe time pressure or in a situation of information overload or acute danger, where conscious analysis of the situation may be difficult or impossible. They cite a Formula One driver, who once braked suddenly before a sharp U-turn without knowing why. This automatic reaction saved him from crashing into a pile of cars ahead, likely preventing a fatal accident. Though he couldn’t explain his urge to stop, it overrode his competitive drive to win. After psychologists showed the driver a video replay, he realized at that very moment the crowd wasn’t cheering as usual — they stood frozen, staring in the opposite direction as he approached the U-turn. That was the cue. He didn’t consciously process this, but he knew something was wrong and stopped in time. Researchers believe that all intuitive experiences are based on the automatic evaluation of such internal and external cues. They say that we clearly need both conscious and non - conscious thought processes, but neither is superior to the other. 1．What does the research from Leeds University indicate? A．Gut feelings are not reliable in daily life. B．People ought to trust their intuitive feelings. C．Intuition is just a random psychological response. D．Intuitive responses often lead to wrong decisions. 2．According to Paragraph 3, what can we infer about intuition? A．Intuition is a random guess with no logical basis. B．Intuition only works in life - threatening situations. C．Intuition relies on conscious analysis of visible dangers. D．Intuition involves subconscious processing of external cues. 3．Which of the following real-life situations best illustrates the application of intuition? A．A shopper picks a product simply because its package looks attractive. B．A firefighter suddenly reroutes a rescue mission after sensing some hidden risks. C．A student solves math problems by strictly following formulas and logical reasoning. D．A student quickly guesses random answers without consideration during a timed quiz. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To describe how brains process external cues. B．To criticize the overuse of intuition in daily life. C．To compare conscious and subconscious thinking. D．To explain the scientific basis and value of intuition. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）At a time when Americans consume more than half of their daily calories from ultra-processed (超加工的) foods, there is increasing evidence showing that eating too much of these foods can make us sick. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal finds people who consume high amounts of these foods have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and certain cancers. The data come from more than 9 million people who participated in dozens of studies. Ultra-processed foods are ubiquitous in our food supply. Among the most common are highly refined breads, fast food, sugary drinks, cookies, and other packaged snacks. They are often high in salt, sugar, fat and calories and low in fiber and micro-nutrients such as vitamins. Although no evidence proves that consumption of ultra-processed foods can directly cause anxiety, cancer or other health conditions, a growing body of evidence shows that ultra-processed foods contribute to the development of these conditions. A study published last year found people in the habit of consuming high levels of ultra-processed foods were about three times more likely to develop cancer, compared to those who consumed the least. When it comes to mood and mental health conditions, a French study showed that adults who maintained an unhealthy diet had more depressive symptoms. “We saw a roughly 20 to 50% increased risk of depressive symptoms in people who had diets that were high in ultra-processed foods,” says Wolfgang Marx, a researcher. A panel of advisors is currently evaluating all the latest diet and nutrition studies as part of a process to update the country’s Dietary Guidelines. It is possible that they could recommend limits on ultra-processed foods. On the regulatory side, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving ahead to finalize a new definition of the term “healthy”. The FDA says a “healthy” claim on food labels could help consumers identify healthier choices with a quick look and may encourage food companies to improve their products. 1．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Nutritious. B．Cheap. C．Widespread. D．Profitable. 2．What did the study published last year find regarding ultra-processed foods? A．They improve emotional stability. B．They cause health decline. C．They trigger immediate reactions. D．They lower nutritional value. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Future plans from food companies. B．New guidelines for food sales. C．Limits on ultra-processed foods. D．Responses to ultra-processed foods. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A health magazine. B．A biology report. C．A hospital leaflet. D．A food advertisement. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·山东菏泽·期末）Correcting the gigabytes (千兆字节) of digital misinformation that circulate at high speed online is a never-ending task. YouTube removed more than half a million channels last year for broadcasting misinformation. The powerful fact-checking organizations that try to keep the Internet honest face more claims than they can handle. How should they prioritize? Checkers came up with a new approach: forecasting which claims are most dangerous and thus which most deserve to be put under the microscope. Researchers from the University of Westminster developed a classifying system to sort dangerous misinformation from everyday nonsense. One test of a false claim is whether enough people will believe it so that it can cause any harm. To swing an election with misinformation, you need to persuade many people; to fool someone with fake medicine you need to convince only one. Another test is whether those believing a false claim have the capacity to act on it. Some people may be misled that Wi-Fi signals can kill plants, for example, but are unlikely to change their behaviour. The researchers estimated that, of the false claims in their sample, 57% were unlikely to contribute to any specific real-world effect. Of the remaining, potentially consequential misinformation, the checkers considered whether the consequence would be “direct” — such as persuading people to buy certain kind of goods, or “cumulative”, contributing to a false narrative about so-called success science, say. The claims were roughly evenly divided. “Cumulative” harm is harder to assess in a short time, says Peter Cunliffe Jones of the University of Westminster, but large data sets make it possible to see how often a claim is repeated, and thus when a narrative is forming. Time devoted to selecting which false claims to check is probably well spent. It takes five minutes to sort a claim, whereas carrying out a thorough check takes five to six hours. The fact-checking world needs to get more systematic in its approach, says Mr. Cunliffe Jones. “If this community is going to learn anything from this ... it’s that data is the future.” 1．What is the main challenge fact-checking organizations meet? A．Lack of professional fact-checkers. B．Difficulty in accessing reliable data. C．Resistance from social media platforms. D．The overwhelming amount of information. 2．In which case may a false claim be classified into “most dangerous”? A．It targets ordinary people. B．It brings about an action. C．It disguises itself with science. D．It spreads on many social media. 3．What is the closest in meaning with the underlined word “cumulative” in paragraph 4? A．Equal. B．Complete. C．Gradual. D．Instant. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It’s up to data to keep the Internet honest. B．Most false claims require thorough checks. C．It wastes too much to classify misinformation. D．Selecting matters more than thorough checks. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·辽宁丹东·期末）One of the keys to tackling climate change is switching to sustainable energy. That means more solar power, wind turbines, electric cars, etc. However, there is a major obstacle when it comes to their design and manufacture (批量生产); they require rare earth metals, like nickel and cobalt, to build. Traditionally, rare earth metals are extracted through a long process that involves using dangerous, carcinoma (cancer-causing) chemicals. The chemicals used to extract and process the ions (离子) must be used in massive quantities due to their limited effectiveness, and their use and disposal are both extremely expensive and environmentally unfriendly. Not only that, but most of the metal is wasted. That is where the biosorption comes in. It is the process by which certain bacteria naturally change waste products like metal ions and compounds into nanoparticles (纳米颗粒) of solid metals. Bacteria undergo this process naturally, but scientists are searching for ways to genetically engineer them to work more efficiently and target specific metals rather than multiple types at once. To study this process, scientists mainly targeted bacteria that can process metals in batteries, especially lithium. They found that the bacteria were able to efficiently turn the metal ions into solid lithium, and other strains could process cobalt, manganese, and/ or nickel, demonstrating the incredible potential of biosorption in manufacturing. Biosorption will be a part of building a circular economy where metals are efficiently mined, processed, and recycled with as little waste as possible. More work needs to be done to scale this technology. As a next step, scientists are hoping to demonstrate that the extracted metals can indeed be used in new batteries and devices. As countries around the world work to push forward a cleaner, more sustainable economy, bacteria may have a larger role to play in the future of manufacturing. 1．Which of the following is a disadvantage of the traditional extraction? A．It is environmentally harmful. B．It produces low-quality metals. C．It requires a large amount of manpower. D．It can only extract particular types of metals. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Metals. B．Bacteria. C．Ions. D．Scientists. 3．What is the potential role of biosorption in building a circular economy? A．It can replace traditional mining methods. B．It can help recycle metals with minimal waste. C．It can be applied to the extraction of many metals. D．It can promote the large-scale production of batteries. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Future of Circular Economy. B．Bacteria Help Extract Rare Earth Metals. C．The Ways to Switch to Sustainable Energy. D．Biosorption Plays a Key Role in Manufacturing. 语篇类型四: 议论文（5篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江苏南京·期末）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students keep in mind more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to reading on a digital device. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with a “suite of guiding tools”, but it turns out that the best guiding devices are your fingers. You can use them to look through the pages forwards and backwards. To think, all this time, those devices have just been sitting there, hanging at the end of your arm. Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero’s description. They even have a “bookmark system”, which uses a device called a “bookmark”. Fans of the e-book point out that digital text is easy to annotate. Some devices even feature a little image of a pencil to guide the reader through the process. Traditional-book users have a similar system called a “pencil”. With it, favoured passages can be underlined and, if it’s a history book, comments can be written in the margin (页边), such as “Not so, according to The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” Thus noted, such books can be left around for others to study, convincing family members of your insight. The printed book, of course, has other advantages. A full bookshelf is at once a sound base and a store of knowledge. And any properly thumbed book will always fall open at the sexiest scene. Also, the smell of old books in a second-hand bookshop is instantly remindful. Yes, it’s a mix of mould (霉味) and old paper, but to me it represents possibility. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the shift back to traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself standing at attention, extending my textbook-built shoulders and saluting their glorious return. In the debate about which is better, it seems that the hard-copy book is harder to knock out than originally thought. 1．Why does the author use the digital language to judge printed books? A．To explain concepts. B．To highlight development of languages. C．To please readers. D．To make better comparisons. 2．What does the underlined word “annotate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Search. B．Access. C．Add notes. D．Get information. 3．What attracts the readers as to printed books? A．Value of senses.B．Knowledge storage. C．Bookshelves. D．Bookstores. 4．.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why E-books Are Convenient B．Why the Printed Book Is Back C．Why Educational Fashions Change D．Why Digital Reading Becomes Popular Passage 2 （24-25高二下·辽宁大连·期末）I was hanging out with my grandma the other day, and she was wrestling with a new video-calling app on her phone. She looked like she was trying to solve a mystery (谜) straight out of a Sherlock Holmes novel, but when she finally got it to work and chatted with her old friend, her face lit up like a Christmas tree. It made me wonder, though, what all this tech-use is doing to our brains, especially for the older folks. You know, people keep talking about “digital dementia (痴呆)”. Isn’t that wild? Too much time spent on such electronic devices can make us brain-dead. But get this — some new study says that’s not the case at all! Here’s the kicker: the study found that older folks who dive head first into using computers and smartphones are actually way less likely to have their brains go “offline”, like, you know, 58% less likely to experience mental decline. Can you believe it? It’s like finding out the secret to staying young forever were right there in our pockets all along. So, is “digital dementia” just a load of nonsense? It sure seems that way, I mean, think about it, every time grandma figures out a net v app or goes through a software update, she’s giving her brain a workout. Plus, staying connected through devices keeps her from feeling like she’s living in a movie where she’s the only person left on Earth. But hey, we’ve gotta be careful here. With all the-tech-magic out there, it’s easy to get lost in the “digital rabbit hole”. And let’s not forget, too much screen time can turn anyone into a bad-tempered cat, especially the younger folks. So, while it’s awesome that; tech can help older folks stay sharp and social, we should also make sure everyone uses it in a balanced way. After all, who wants to be a deadhead when you can be a tech expert instead? 1．Why did grandma’s face light up like a Christmas tree? A．She managed to shoot a video. B．She figured out a new device. C．She unlocked the use of a new app. D．She succeeded in solving a mystery. 2．What does the author think of the influence of new tech on older folks? A．It distracts them from real life. B．It worsens their digital dementia. C．It replaces their usual workout. D．It gives them a brain stretch. 3．What does the “digital rabbit hole” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The act of overusing digital devices. B．The habit of buying latest devices. C．The way to use new technology. D．The place to store digital data. 4．What is the author’s tone like in the text? A．Relaxing and reflective. B．Critical and pessimistic. C．Serious and academic. D．Angry and authoritative. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·吉林四平·期末）Last summer, my tech-fan cousin Alex bought an advanced self-driving car. One misty evening, as we drove on a narrow and winding cliff-side road, Alex, full of confidence, turned on the self-driving mode. At that time, I was nervous, holding the armrest tightly, while Alex casually scrolled (滚屏) through social media, completely ignoring the increasingly dangerous road conditions. Suddenly, a strong deer appeared in the headlights. At that critical moment, the car’s sensors, which had been failing unnoticed, went wrong. Instead of braking, the car sped towards the deer. Alex, realizing the danger at the last second, tried to reach for the steering wheel, but it was too late. The car crashed into the deer, and we were shaken hard. Surprisingly, the deer ran into the woods, unhurt. We sat in the damaged car, shocked. This accident made me reflect on technology’s issues. In healthcare, AI robots, sometimes, for speed, misread symptoms, causing incorrect diagnoses. In education, speed-focused AI graders may score essays by keywords, missing emotional depth in student stories-like a child writing of sadness, whose words become data, not cries for sympathy. In other words, AI prioritizes speed over correct diagnosis or students’ emotional expressions. Philosopher Sherry Turkle’s words make sense - “We’re sacrificing exactness and sympathy for efficiency.” But this doesn’t mean we should reject technology. We should use it carefully and wisely. Just like a compass helps a sailor but doesn’t replace his skills, technology should help our judgment, not take over. Doctors could use AI technology as an extra opinion, and compare it with their own knowledge. Teachers can use AI technology to analyze student data and adjust lessons with their own insights, and not to let algorithms (算法) control teaching. That night, standing by the broken car, I realized that technology, for all its power, depends on us. Over-reliance on it weakens our ability to adapt and think. In the end, we, not machines, should shape the future. 1．How did the author feel during the drive before the accident? A．Anxious. B．Tired. C．Curious. D．Dizzy. 2．What resulted in the accident of the self-driving car? A．The author’s scream. B．The high speed of the deer. C．Alex’s bad physical conditions. D．The car’s sensor failure and Alex’s inattention. 3．What does the underlined word “sacrificing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Taking on. B．Giving up. C．Focusing on. D．Making up. 4．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．People will depend on AI more and more. B．AI technology is of significance in the future. C．People should use technology carefully and wisely. D．AI will take over humans some day. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·河南周口·期末）In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the over-consumption of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term has highlighted the harmful effects of internet addition, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an internet-free environment. When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. “Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because you’re just immersed in it,” Tara Cappel, founder of travel company FTLO Travel, told Travel + Leisure magazine. However, she acknowledged that tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Gherkin told the BBC, “While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.” Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest more realistic ways to address internet addiction. “I make sure my use of technology is purposeful,” Sina Joneidy, a senior teacher at Teesside University said when interviewed. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. “Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,” lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．What can we learn about digital detox trips? A．Most travelers are willing to take one. B．They provide a long-term solution to internet addiction. C．Participants lock their devices in a box until the trip ends. D．Travelers can use their devices for emergencies during the trip. 2．What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Trapped. B．Stuck. C．Absorbed. D．Rooted. 3．What is Emily Gherkin’s attitude toward a digital detox? A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Digital Detox: A Cure for All? B．Brain Rot: The New Internet Epidemic. C．Screen-Free Vacations: Helpful or Useless? D．Tech-Free Travel: An Ideal Cure for “Brain Rot” Passage 5 （24-25高二下·河北邯郸·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) has outperformed humans in various tasks like chess, protein analysis, and complex financial data processing. Some claim that AI systems like DeepSeek approach human-level intelligence. However, such comparisons ignore their fundamental difference. A key distinction lies in learning efficiency. AI requires massive data and enormous energy to train, while humans learn efficiently with minimum information. A child recognizes birds after seeing just a few examples, whereas AI must analyze thousands of images. The human brain consumes energy equal to a light bulb (灯泡), yet achieves remarkable flexibility missing in AI. Memory systems further distinguish humans from artificial intelligence. Advanced AI suffers “catastrophic (灾难性的) forgetting”—new information erases previous knowledge unless engineers stop its learning process. Humans combine two memory types: semantic (语义的) memory for general knowledge and episodic memory for specific experiences. This allows continuous learning without losing core information. Although human memory is imperfect and occasionally unreliable, its selective nature promotes creative problem-solving in unpredictable situations. These differences arise from distinct design goals. AI focuses on finding precise patterns in huge datasets, unconcerned about energy limits. Human brains evolved (进化) for survival, prioritizing efficient learning and adaptable decision-making with limited resources. While AI masters tasks requiring strict rules like chess, humans outperform in imaginative thinking—composing poems or inventing tools by connecting personal experiences. Rather than viewing AI as an opponent, we should use it to enhance human capabilities. Machines handle data-heavy tasks like medical analysis, freeing humans for creative and social work requiring emotional intelligence. Human intelligence, shaped by evolution, remains irreplaceable in managing real-world uncertainties. Our imperfect memories, though sometimes causing errors, allow us to imagine future possibilities and learn from past mistakes. As technology advances, combining machine precision with human flexibility will boost progress better than seeking to replace either. 1．What can be known from Paragraph 2? A．AI recognizes patterns faster. B．AI lacks the flexibility of human learning. C．AI and humans learn at similar speeds. D．Humans learn by analyzing many cases. 2．What conclusion can be drawn about human memory? A．Its perfection makes humans superior to AI. B．It functions identically to AI memory systems. C．It causes humans to forget all past experiences. D．Its selective nature aids creative problem-solving. 3．What causes the differences between AI and human intelligence? A．Their separate design intentions. B．AI's lower energy consumption. C．AI's advantage in processing data. D．Humans' memory for general knowledge. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text? A．To warn people of the potential threat of AI to humans. B．To prove that human intelligence is the best in the world. C．To advocate the combination of AI and human intelligence. D．To encourage people to develop more advanced AI systems. Passage 1 （25-26高二下·湖北武汉·期中）In June 2025, entertainment giants Disney and Universal Studios took legal action against Midjourney, an AI image tool, for breaking copyright laws. The legal case claims Midjourney used thousands of protected characters from Star Wars, superhero films and Pixar films to train its AI without permission. “This is not inspiration; it is mechanical copying,” the complaint states, noting that AI output directly competes with official products. This case marks a significant increase in AI copyright conflicts. Before, most court cases involved individual artists, but now large companies with large creative works have joined the battle. Disney and Universal seek payment and a court order to remove their protected works from Midjourney’s training data. Experts say the claim could reach hundreds of millions of dollars. Notably, this controversy also highlights a key technical challenge: current AI systems struggle to tell the difference between legitimate reference and unauthorized copying. A 2025 study by MIT researchers shows that vision-language models — systems that process both images and text — have serious difficulties understanding negation. For example, when tested with phrases like “a person is running” versus “a person is not running,” these models often fail to recognize the difference. Lead author Dr. Mert Yuksekgonul explained: “These models treat ‘not’ as unimportant noise, often ignoring it.” This problem affects content regulation. When users ask for images with negative limits — such as “a superhero not wearing a red cape” or “a cartoon mouse not looking like Mickey” — AI often creates exactly what it should avoid. Safety blockers based on negative instructions are thus ineffective. Midjourney defends itself by comparing AI training to human learning. However, Disney and Universal say this comparison fails: human artists change their influences through creativity, while AI mechanically piece existing elements together. Legal experts say the case will test “fair use” rules in the AI era. Columbia Law School professor Jane Ginsburg commented: “If the court sees AI training as creative change, it protects the industry. If not allowed use of protected content is seen as breaking the law, many AI models must be completely redesigned.” The trial starts in early 2026 and may take years to conclude. Meanwhile, a class-action lawsuit (集体诉讼) launched by thousands of artists against Midjourney in 2023 continues in California courts. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the case in Paragraph 1? A．To support traditional filmmaking. B．To introduce legal progress in AI copyright. C．To compare different methods of filmmaking. D．To criticize the quality of AI-generated films. 2．What does “negation” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Expressing a negative meaning. B．Creating images with negative content. C．Rejecting what users ask for. D．Lowering the quality of images. 3．What can we infer from the MIT study? A．AI can easily recognize Disney characters. B．AI has a better understanding of negation. C．AI safety protections may fail to work effectively. D．AI does not need copyright protection. 4．What’s Ginsburg’s attitude to the lawsuit? A．Confident Disney will win. B．Cautious about its result. C．Against AI technology. D．Unconcerned about the case. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·广东·期中）As a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative of renewable energy, wind power is witnessing a striking upward trend across the United States. In 2020, turbines (风力涡轮) generated about 8 percent of the country’s electricity — more than 80 times the share of wind-generated electricity in 2000 — according to the U.S. Energy Information Department. While the growth is a positive step toward curbing climate change, researchers have pointed out that this booming industry may pose severe threats to birds. An estimated 140,000 to 500,000 birds die each year due to turbine crashes. Bird deaths could rise to 1.4 million per year if the U.S. Department of Energy achieves its goal of expanding wind energy to 20 percent of the country’s total electricity generation by 2030. To prevent avoidable deaths, some scientists are supporting the use of citizen science data when deciding where to construct wind farms. Unlike conventional survey statistics, which cover limited time periods or geographical zones, the citizen science data stretch over the entire United States and reflect the entire year. The wind energy industry could use such information to get a more all-round picture and minimize harm to birds. Citizen science has already proven its value in bridging critical informational shortages in ecological research. From 2007 to 2018, more than 180,000 birders uploaded observations about bald eagles to the eBird database. Using that treasure house of data, conservation scientist Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez, of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, and her work fellows estimated where in the United States the birds would be most plentiful throughout the year and face the highest risk of colliding with wind turbines. “Citizen science data should inform decisions about where to build wind turbines,” Viviana argues. “What we’re able to do is really drawing on the strength that only citizen science has.” The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has recommended using the team’s bald eagle maps to identify low-risk crash areas suitable for building wind turbines. 1．What does the underlined word “curbing” in paragraph 1 mean? A．monitoring B．addressing C．documenting D．strengthening 2．What makes citizen science data more advantageous than traditional survey data? A．They cover a wider range. B．They have fewer usage limits. C．They are more accessible. D．They cost less to collect. 3．Why does the author use eBird data in Paragraph 4? A．To define a key term. B．To present a practical solution. C．To support the argument with an example. D．To draw a final conclusion. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Wind Energy Grows Fast in the United States B．Citizen Science Helps Protect Birds from Turbines C．Wind Turbines Bring Threats to Wild Birds D．New Ways to Choose Locations for Wind Farms Passage 3 （25-26高二下·浙江金华·阶段检测）Scientists have discovered that pairing dogs’ extraordinary sense of smell with artificial intelligence can effectively detect cancer early, offering a groundbreaking approach to diagnosis. Three original members of the Labrador (拉布拉多犬) team — Mars, Moon, and Pluto — demonstrated this potential by identifying cancer scent in breath samples with 94% accuracy across four cancer types (breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate), as reported in a November 15 Scientific Reports study. Assaf Rabinowicz, chief technology officer of this program, explains that the method’s strength lies in its equal effectiveness for early and late-stage cancers, crucial for improving survival rates. Dogs’ unmatched olfactory (嗅觉的) abilities enable them to detect faint chemical traces linked to cancer. During training, the Labradors learned to sit when sensing cancer in breath samples. However, human observers struggled to consistently interpret subtle cues like tail twitches or ear movements. To solve this, researchers developed an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to analyze the dogs’ body language objectively. In tests with 1,408 participants (261 confirmed cancer cases), the AI-enhanced system correctly identified 245 cancers while producing only 60 false positives among 1,048 healthy samples. Rabinowicz notes that while current U.S. tests employ smaller beagles for practicality, the original Labradors remain vital. “Mars, Moon, and Pluto not only delivered exceptional results but continue contributing to research,” he states, praising their reliability. The research highlights a broader truth: animals possess undeveloped potential in medical innovation. “This isn’t just about technology,” Rabinowicz emphasizes. “Dogs are partners rewriting diagnostic (诊断的) science, proving that nature and AI can work collaboratively.” Training dogs requires months of exposure to thousands of samples, while the AI helps make sure results are interpreted in the same way — a critical factor for clinical practice. Although this method cannot yet be used alone to diagnose cancer, it can work with existing screenings like blood tests or imaging, particularly in resource-limited settings. 1．What problem did the AI model solve? A．Dogs’ poor sense of smell. B．Inconsistent interpretation of dog cues. C．Lack of cancer samples. D．Time-consuming training. 2．What can be inferred about the original members of the Labrador team? A．They are unsuitable for AI-assisted analysis. B．They failed to adapt to large-scale clinical tests. C．They will be replaced by beagles in future research. D．Their contribution remains significant despite the application of new breeds. 3．Why does the author quote Rabinowicz’s statement in paragraph 4? A．To highlight the historical role of dogs in science. B．To criticize the high cost of training detection dogs. C．To emphasize the limitations of AI in medical research. D．To stress the revolutionary collaboration between animals and technology. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Training dogs for cancer detection takes too long. B．Technical shortcomings of AI in processing complex data. C．The method has limits but can supplement current screening. D．The necessity for future studies to replace current cancer screening methods. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·河南·阶段检测）CAR T-cell therapy (疗法) can be a lifesaving treatment for blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma. The gene therapy trains a patient’s T cells — white blood cells that play an important role in the immune (免疫) system — to fight cancer by making them produce chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) proteins. These proteins assist T cells in identifying diseased cells and removing them. But the current process involves harvesting T cells, modifying them and putting them back into a patient’s body. However, the production process is so slow that patients’ cancers can progress while they wait. The therapy is also prohibitively expensive for many people. That’s why scientists are working to engineer T cells within the body. So far, the novel practice has shown promise. To change T cells inside the body, researchers behind the two new trials relied on genetically modified viruses. They carry the genetic code for CAR proteins to patients’ immune cells. This method surmounts some challenges of CAR T-cell therapy, which are mentioned above. Researchers presented initial results of an early-phase clinical trial exploring CAR T-cell therapy that works inside the body at the American Society of Hematology annual meeting. This trial, along with another reported in July, 2025 in The Lancet, is inspiring hope that the experimental treatment can be used for certain hard-to-treat cancers, though the researchers also noted some serious side effects. “The question is no longer ‘Can you really do this?’” says Yvonne Chen, a scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “The question now is ‘Can you reach the level of effectiveness that’s expected and will the safety meet the target?’” Still, it’s very early. They’re only reporting on three patients, so we still have a lot more to learn. But it’s definitely an exciting development that’s beginning, at least, to offer proof of principle that it’s possible to do this with some effectiveness. 1．What is the function of CAR proteins? A．They help T cells destroy diseased cells. B．They can be transformed into T cells. C．They usually take the place of T cells. D．They recognize cancer cells by themselves. 2．Why are scientists trying to develop a new type of CAR T-cell therapy? A．To cure cancers without any side effects. B．To promote traditional cancer operation. C．To reduce dependence on white blood cells. D．To make the treatment quick and affordable. 3．What does the underlined word “surmounts” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Ignores. B．Illustrates. C．Confirms. D．Overcomes. 4．What is Yvonne Chen’s attitude towards the new therapy? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（4篇） Passage 1 1.B 2.C 3.A Passage 2 1.C 2.B 3.A Passage 3 1.C 2.B 3.C Passage 4 1.D 2.A 3.A 语篇类型二: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C Passage 2 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C Passage 3 1.D 2.A 3.B Passage 4 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C Passage 5 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 语篇类型三: 说明文（5篇） Passage 1 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A Passage 2 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D Passage 3 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A Passage 4 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A Passage 5 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 语篇类型四: 议论文（5篇） Passage 1 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B Passage 2 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.A Passage 3 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C Passage 4 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A Passage 5 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C Passage 1 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B Passage 2 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B Passage 3 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C Passage 4 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $