专题06 语法填空（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自我/社会/自然”三大主题，精选17篇上海期中期末真题，系统训练语境化语法应用能力，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |人与自我|6篇（如《文化能力培养》）|给定词填适当形式+自由填空|以情感态度为线索，考查动词时态/非谓语（如become→becoming）、连词（what/that）| |人与社会|6篇（如《AI课堂应用》）|真实社会话题语篇|围绕社会现象，训练介词搭配（in/by）、词性转换（wide→widely）、从句连接词| |人与自然|5篇（如《野生动物减少》）|环保与生态主题|依托自然议题，强化比较级（bad→worse）、被动语态（be blamed）、冠词运用|

专题06 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits. How Schools and Teachers Can Get Better at Cultural Competence Cultural competence is described as “having an awareness of one's own cultural identity and views about difference, and the ability to learn and build on the varying cultural and community norms of students and their families.” The differences 1 make individuals unique are essential elements of a society. When educators fail to acknowledge their own biases and assumptions, the obstacle of a student's developmental process is inevitable. Having good intentions is not sufficient; the actions are   2 will be seen and felt by students. What one individual may view as innocent   3 have harmful effects. Schools need to feel the urgency and race to end exclusionary practices by improving cultural awareness. Identify Areas for Growth — Everyone has a past and upbringing that has shaped the way they view the world. Those experiences 4 are not negative, but when these experiences twist the way a person views others, an adjustment may be required. A few years ago, a teacher entered my office upset about the disposition of a student. As the student stood beside the upset teacher, I began to listen to the teacher explain the incident. What was explained was the reality that the teacher was upset with the student's disrespectful attitude. I asked for more details about the   5 (perceive) disrespectful nature of the attitude. The teacher described colloquialism, tone, and a lack of eye contact. At that moment I dismissed the student and explained that the student was not being disrespectful, but rather what the teacher was experiencing was the method of communication in which the student interacts with his community. Educators must have an inner dialogue to determine what experiences have shaped the teacher's views of students. Districts must create space to have a   6 (broad) discussion and be realistic about how teachers' individual bias affect the rights of students. The space for a macro conversation for the district is necessary and must be accompanied with   7 cultural awareness is reflected in individual buildings. Listen and Observe — What may seem as a simple task is rarely practiced. The beginning of understanding is listening. When one is constantly talking, there is no room 8 listening. As dean of school culture, I oversaw discipline at a predominantly black school. A white foreign student, frequently in trouble, complained but no one listened. Mediation revealed he felt unwelcomed and misunderstood. We failed him by not addressing his needs. Districts and educators fail at cultural awareness because listening 9 (not initiate). Listen to the parents, listen to the students, listen to your peers, listen to your staff. 10 what you hear confirms what you see, act. Far too often districts fail to see because they fail to listen. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname 1 reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness 2 people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process 3 (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is 4 life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub 5 talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) 6 (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around 7 : the feeling that you’re welcome, 8 you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each 9 (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you 10 hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about convincing people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion 1 (play) a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills 2 they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will help get your coworkers about your ideas, 3 (motivate) them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but logic and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody to agree with your goal, 4 they should pursue it is what you should help them understand. Using visual aids 5 can back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills 6 (base) on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to maintain those relationships, you 7 be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are 8 (likely) to agree with you when they succeed alongside. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get 9 (persuade) every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; 10 likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. My son, Ben, died when he was 23. The year after his death, I hiked 48 of the state’s 1 (tall) mountains in his memory. Every step, path and peak has been a way 2 (restore) myself. About a month after his death, my husband and I hiked Carter Dome and Mount Hight, sorrow weighing heavy in our hearts and legs. 3 (stand) on the peak, I looked out across the mountains my son loved. For a moment, the heavy blow 4 (string) about by Ben’s death faded into the timeless expanse, and I could breathe. The next weekend found us on Mount Moosilauke. Then Mount Cannon, Mount Flume, Mount Liberty and so on. It was a series of firsts, of struggles and overcoming them — climbing at night, climbing slides and rocks, camping alone, finding paths and planning routes. Six days before the anniversary of Ben’s death, I hiked my 48th and final peak: Mount Carrigain. As I stood on the observation platform at the peak, I found the essential truth I 5 (struggle) to express for months: The only place 6 feels vast enough to hold sorrow this deep and wide is the top of a mountain, looking out into forever. 7 I once might have hidden myself, these days I hike to seek. I find Ben, but I also find myself: someone broken, now braver and more capable. 8 starts as the forced isolation of sorrow now turns into the welcome loneliness of the path. Hiking is both exhausting and exciting, and it teaches us that sorrow and joy 9 coexist. But there’s another, possibly more important truth: A hike is not the only way to find the peace of the natural world; a simple walk along a park path can have a similar effect. The internal journey of sorrows 10 (mix) with our steps, and we find comfort along the way. Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What to Say to A Rude Person Recently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself 1 (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, 2 would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers. When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he 3 (have) enough of the woman’s rudeness. But the press was now waiting for her on the platform. And when they gleefully showed her the lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude. Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, 4 (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this? Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely 5 we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, 6 (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way 7 (end) a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, “Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time. The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger 8 drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous (“I rubbed fries on their wind — shield”) to the disturbing (“I sabotaged them at work”). Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman’s behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her. We must instead combat rudeness head on. 9 we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, and handle it 10 trace of aggression and rudeness. Once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility. Passage 6 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Horseshoe Crabs Save Lives Anytime a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. 1 you’ve had vaccination, an intravenous treatment, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device 2 (implant) in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab. Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood 3 appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even 4 (small) amount of bacterial endotoxin, such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system. In 5 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝结) factors to test for contamination of medical devices. By 1970, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially 6 (make) sure everything from scalpels to artificial hips could safely be introduced into the human body. 7 such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice has taken a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they 8 (catch), bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs 9 (die) once they are put back in the water. The International Union on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the Atlantic horseshoe crab 10 vulnerable, just one category below endangered in the extinction risk scale. Fortunately, management practices are now in place to protect the species. 语篇类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people 1 (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait 2 the sadness is gone. The mental rule is 3 you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to 4 (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays 5 a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it 6 (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool 7 allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways 8 (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA．It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on 9 feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a 10 (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff — about 43 stories high — along a via ferrata route (铁索攀道) with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away 3 the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 4 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 5 (name) after the town it’s located near — Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village — a previously 6 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone house that guard against coastal winds — 7 (see) bubble tea shops, home-stays and camping site emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs hanging over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as adventurous visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare — No way I 8 ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a villager was setting up a stall outside the café shop duringGolden Week. Passage 3 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海松江·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Enabling the Disabled I was standing at a crosswalk when I noticed a man with a white cane standing beside me. Recognizing that he was blind, I offered assistance, only to be met with a polite refusal. “No, thank you, I know my way, and this crosswalk has audible (听得见的) signals,” he said. 1 the light turned green, the rhythmic (有节奏的) “beeping” of the crosswalk echoed, and the man crossed the street with the ease of any other pedestrian. The “beeping” crosswalk is just one example of Shanghai’s commitment to fostering independence for people with disabilities. Across the city, subway stations and public buildings are now “handicapped accessible” with elevators, ramps (坡道), and tactile paving (盲道砖). Technology plays an even 2 (great) role: Text-to-speech scanners enable the blind to “read” books, while advanced prosthetics (假肢) can replace missing limbs. Perhaps the most groundbreaking innovation is Neuralink, Elon Musk’s brain-chip interface. It 3 one day empower quadriplegics (四肢瘫痪者) to control devices through thought alone. Such advancements are reshaping societal attitudes toward disability. Historically, disability was stigmatized (污名化). For people with disabilities, opportunities for education or employment 4 (be) scarce. We now recognize that disability doesn’t equate to inability. With the right tools, 5 disabled can lead autonomous, fulfilling lives and contribute meaningfully to society. China is home to an estimated 85 million people with disabilities. Some are born with conditions, and 6 are affected by accidents or illnesses. Special attention has been given to children with disabilities. 7 government-funded special schools and training programs, 97% of disabled children now attend elementary and secondary school. Each year, 30,000 disabled students enter higher education, 8 is a testament to progress. Yet one critical aspect remains overlooked: mental health. The daily struggle to overcome physical barriers can wear down even the most resilient (有适应力的) individuals. Take the recent clash (冲突) between Zheng Zhihua and an airline over wheelchair accessibility. After the singer complained that he had to “crawl” onto the plane, CCTV footage surfaced showing staff assisting him. 9 led some people to accuse the singer of exaggeration (言过其实). Zheng later apologized for his “fit of anger.” Yes, Zheng was wrong, but I think while accountability (问责) matters, so does empathy (同理心). Living with a disability often means 10 (battle) invisible frustrations. A moment of impatience or anger shouldn’t eclipse years of perseverance. As a society, we must learn to “cut them some slack.” Sometimes, the most powerful support we can offer isn’t a ramp or a prosthetic; it’s simple kindness. Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. AI in the Classroom: A 2026 Perspective By early 2026, the debate over AI has evolved from mere adoption to sophisticated mastery. A study 1 (conduct) recently by TIME suggests that personalized AI tutors, 2 implementation was once highly controversial, have improved literacy rates by 15% across several pilot schools. Not until these systems are fully integrated into daily routines 3 their transformative potential be realized. These tools are capable of identifying the exact moment 4 a student’s attention begins to wander, providing instant feedback that no human teacher could manage for thirty students simultaneously. However, many educators remain skeptical, fearing that 5 (allow) students to rely too heavily on algorithms to generate ideas would cause their critical thinking skills to inevitably diminish over time. “The goal of education is to have the cognitive ability 6 (exercise) regularly without digital assistance.” says Dr. Lee, whose expertise lies in cognitive psychology. 7 these persistent concerns, schools are now implementing “Hybrid Learning” rules to balance high-tech automation with human intuition. 8 (produce) original drafts, students under this framework are then allowed to engage with AI-enhanced refinement tools. The question remains 9 we can maintain the human element in an increasingly automated world. Indeed, the essence of education lies not in the mere delivery of facts, but in the spark of inspiration that occurs between a mentor and a learner. Most forward-thinking educators consider 10 essential to nurture students’ emotional intelligence alongside their digital literacy. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·上海·期末）Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall: Can Animals Recognize Their Reflection at All? Daniel Povinelli was in high school when he first read about an experiment published in 1970. It left a deep impression 1 him as it showed that chimpanzees, rather than monkeys, can recognize themselves in mirrors. All it took was a simple mirror 2 (reveal) that our close chimpanzee relatives are self-aware. This famous mirror self-recognition experiment was conducted in the 1960s by scientist Gordon Gallup, Jr. No such tests had been done before 3 people had long observed animals interacting with mirrors. In this experiment, the chimps originally tried to attack the image in the mirror. But after a couple of days, they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies such as their teeth. He then anesthetized (使麻醉) them and put red dye on their face. The chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they 4 understand that the marks were on their own faces. In Gallup’s view, passing this test proved that the chimps had self-awareness, which was an evolutionary leap 5 (make) only by humans and their close relatives and led to empathy and higher-level thinking. Though convinced at first, Povinelli now holds a different view on what animals may be doing after spending years 6 (commit) himself to studying mirrors and higher-order consciousness for years. He holds that animals may have a 7 (complicated) sense of their own body’s movement than we imagine. With that kind of physical self-concept, a chimp could use a mirror as a tool to examine its body. But that wouldn’t indicate anything about the richness of the animal’s inner life. Recent research also shows monkeys can actually learn to perform this skill, if they 8 (give) the proper training. Povinelli says people 9 live with cats and dogs tend to project their own understanding of the world onto their pets. Since they can’t directly ask 10 their pets are experiencing, their projection is very likely to be wrong. 语篇类型三: 人与自然（5篇） Passage 1 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part 1 (blame) for the decline. 2 the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet 3 this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys 4 (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed 5 the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done 6 (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water 7 (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, 8 have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. 9 all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that 10 (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 1 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 2 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 3 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 4 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 5 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 6 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 7 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 8 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 9 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 10 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pumee Boontom lives in northern Thailand, but he tunes his television to the Chinese weather forecast. A big storm in southern China 1 (mean) a big release of water from the Chinese dams upstream(上游) — and, in turn, a good chance that his village will be flooded. The Chinese government is supposed 2 (warn) downstream countries, 3 in Boontom’s experience, that warning tends to arrive too late or not at all. Boontom is the leader of Ban Pak Ing, a village on the west bank of the Mekong (湄公河). Twenty years ago, like many of his neighbors, Boontom caught fish for a living. But as China completed one, then two, and then seven dams upstream, the few hundred residents of Ban Pak Ing saw the Mekong change. The sudden rise and fall in water levels interfere with fish migration and spawning (洄游和产卵). 4 the village has protected local spawning grounds, there are no longer enough fish to go around. In recent years Boontom and many others here 5 (sell) their fishing boats and switched to farming corn, tobacco, and beans. It’s a risky living, and not the one they know best — and this life is 6 (challenge) because of the frequent flooding. Ban Pak Ing may be a vision of the future for many Mekong villages. Five more dams are 7 construction in China. Downstream, in Laos and Cambodia (老挝和柬埔寨), 11 major dams are either proposed or already being built. By disturbing fish migration and spawning, the new dams 8 (expect) to threaten the food supply of an estimated 60 million people, most of 9 live in villages much like Ban Pak Ing. The electric power 10 (generate) by the lower Mekong dams is mainly for booming urban centers in Thailand and Vietnam. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·上海·月考）Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. It was a cool October evening in the hill country of southwest Mississippi. Joey Deak and I were there to bow-hunt white-tailed deer, and had set up a rough base camp. After a dinner of sardines, crackers, cheese, onions and lemonade, we retired to our goose-down sleeping bags 1 (spread) beneath an oak tree. 2 the tune of an occasional plop-plop of falling acorns (橡实), Joey immediately fell asleep. However, I lay awake, trying to ignore my partner’s snoring and the screech of a nearby owl. Finally I drifted into a dream about white-tailed deer prancing down a trail. Suddenly, I was jolted awake. It was 3 I had felt a danger signal deep within me. I lay on my side, one arm folded beneath my head, realizing things were not as they 4 be. Then an icy chill skittered up my spine as something with a rough surface 5 (slide) slowly onto my ankles. My heart jumped and I froze. Rattlesnake! Flashed across my mind, searing my thoughts with the old timers’ tales about these deadly reptiles 6 inhabit the hills in Franklin Count — and their sometimes lethal bite. I lay still and tried to maintain my composure as the snake made its hair-raising way upward. I panted for breath and wondered if I was giving off an odor of fear that might provoke 7 into striking. I prayed sincerely to God for safety, and asked for forgiveness. Images of my family flashed before my eyes. The crawling, ticklish movement suddenly stopped. The rattler now lay partially lengthwise along my upper legs and buttocks. Not a muscle twitched as I searched my mind for a way out of the predicament. I had just about decided to catapult myself from the sleeping bag when the snake slowly crawled over my hip and began to coil (盘绕) its full length into the warm confines of my lower stomach, groin and thighs. No movement was made by cither the rattler or me for 8 seemed like an eternity. My mouth was like cotton, and I longed 9 (emit) a long, deep breath. Then waves of goose pimples rippled up my stomach as the snake began to make another move. Oh, God, deliver me, I prayed. I lay frozen, my heart 10 (pound) in my ears. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·上海·期末）Meet the Islands Located 86 km north-east of Bougainville in the South Pacific, the Carteret Islands of Papua New Guinea are composed of low-lying islands 1 (distribute) in a horseshoe shape, with a total land area of 0.6 square kilometers and a maximum elevation of 1.5 meters above sea level. The Carteret Islands are believed 2 (inhabit) for more than one thousand years. Few places are as calm, peaceful and beautiful as the seaside here on a calm day. People are very 3 (welcome), gentle, and calm. There’s no phone network, shops, computers, roads, cars, or motorbikes. Food is cooked on open fires. People here live sustainably. They don’t overfish or pollute, making no contribution to the warming of our planet. However, they are feeling the consequences of the climate change. Now, as the land 4 (swallow) by the rising sea, the islanders are faced with an uncertain future. Storms and high tides wash away homes, destroy vegetable gardens and pollute fresh water supplies. The trees on the island are also being impacted by the saltwater. The beach exists 5 fertile soil once did. 6 the coral and seagrasses die, so do the breeding areas for fish. Many seawalls have been built 7 with little success. The islands have gradually become uninhabitable. The Carteret islanders are labelled as the world’s first official climate-change refugees, as they are forced to abandon their homelands 8 food shortages, rising sea levels, sinking shorelines, and the dangers of storms and tides. In front of 9 is the choice whether to stay and watch the islands shrink and slowly disappear or try to rebuild their community somewhere else. Yet, the relocation is not a move embraced by most, and some are unhappy living away from their home, and have returned after struggling to adapt. On the other hand, relocation will be a great challenge to the preservation of the identity and culture of the Carteret islanders. The Carteret Islanders’ story illustrates how small island states and coastal communities fall victim 10 rising sea levels caused by climate change. The Carteret Islanders, with a carbon footprint among the lowest in the world, will be among the first to have to leave their homes because of rising seas caused by emissions from other nations. Passage 1 （2026·上海·二模）Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang. Her passion for Dunhuang 1 (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who 2 (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long 3 he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. 4 (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, 5 is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped 6 (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. Chang Shana made copies of the murals 7 the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and 8 the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career. Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs 9 (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work 10 (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on. Passage 2 （2026·上海·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can Time-Honored Brands Win Modern Hearts? The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) has launched the 2026 Time-Honored Brands Carnival (嘉年华), a nationwide year-long initiative to show famous national and local traditional brands. The organizers will hold it during traditional festivals, holidays and big exhibitions, 1 (expect) to provide more high-quality products and services and meet people’s wish for a better life. MOFCOM data shows China has 1,455 official time-honored brands, 2 anaverage history of over 145 years. In the age of global economy and changing consumer tastes,these brands, carriers of China’s business culture, 3 (face) great chances andchallenges. The carnival, therefore, is more than a business show. It 4 also serve as a cultural bridge, connecting the past and future, tradition and modern life. Famous for great quality and special features, these products perfectly satisfy modern people’sneed for special and high-end goods. Many brands own special skills and secret recipes, which are valuable cultural heritage. Theywill be visually presented throughout the carnival. For example, Tongrentang’s traditional Chinesemedicine processing techniques 5 (demonstrate) on site. This will bring traditionaltechniques from workshops to the public and stimulate the willingness 6 (learn) and pass them on. 7 makes the carnival distinctive is that it successfully bridges brands and local culture by recreating historical scenes and sharing vivid stories. It can be clearly seen that, in Beijing, the carnival restores the commercial scenes of hutongs, 8 in Shanghai, itplaces greater emphasis on displaying the unique commercial culture shaped by the city’s history.Furthermore, the carnival helps traditional brands integrate naturally into modern life. Manytime-honored tea houses have developed innovative drinks, and the carnival provides a perfect platform 9 these new concepts can be tested and accepted by the public. 10 (support) by rich experiences and various interactive activities, the “culture consumption” model injects new vitality into old brands. And it in turn guides the upgrading andprogress of social consumption. Passage 3 （2026·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There Are No Rules for Success “It’s the Worst Time to Be a College Graduate in Years,” reads a Newsweek headline. For 22-to 30-year old computer-science graduates, employment has been falling. Why? Is it ChatGPT? Late in the economic cycle? No matter, the unwritten social contract for success that 1 (impress) upon you — good grades, job loyalty, retirement account — feels completely broken. It may be time to create your own job. Careers 2 were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to 3 the world is headed is less risky than you think. Progress comes through surprises, not rules, with inventions no one 4 (think) possible. The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years 5 ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition. 6 of these were invented by following the rules, but by coloring outside the lines. Ignore those who tell you to take “ 7 (calculate) risks.” It’s the greatness of risk that provides the potential reward. Do you need universities? It is noted that college graduates have the same jobless rate as those who didn’t get a college degree. So why go? Since 2011, the Thiel Fellowship has paid smart young people $200,000 over two years 8 (build) new things instead of sitting in a classroom. I asked Peter Thiel how it was going. He pointed to more than 300 fellows who have created $750 billion 9 value. No one knows what’s next. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. You’ll make mistakes. You might even fail. So what? If your brain still functions, you can keep 10 (go) until you find success that surprises the world. There are no rules. Do your thing. Accomplish something. Passage 4 （25-26高三下·上海杨浦·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A simple blood test can reliably detect signs of brain damage in people on the path to 1 (develop) Alzheimer’s disease even before they show signs of confusion and memory loss, a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Germany 2 (show). The researchers studied more than 400 people participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study, 247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives 3 (include). Each participant had previously visited a DIAN clinic to give blood, undergo brain scans and complete cognitive tests. Roughly half had been evaluated more than once, typically about two to three years apart. They found that in those with the faulty gene variant, protein levels were higher at baseline and rose over time. In contrast, protein levels were low and largely steady in people with the healthy form of the gene, and this difference was detectable 16 years 4 cognitive symptoms were expected to arise. Moreover, when the researchers took a look at participants’brain scans, they found that the protein levels rose quickly in step with the speed at which the precuneus, a part of the brain involved in memory, 5 (thin). To find out whether blood protein levels 6 be used to predict cognitive decline, the researchers collected data on 39 people with disease-causing variants when they returned to the clinic an average of two years after their last visit, and found that people 7 blood protein levels had previously risen rapidly were most likely to show signs of brain atrophy and diminished cognitive abilities when they revisited the clinic. All kinds of neurological damage can cause the neurofilament light protein 8 (spill) out of neurons and into blood. Protein levels are high in people with Lewy body dementia and Huntington’s disease. “It is important 9 we confirm our findings in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and define the time period over which neurofilament changes have to be assessed for optimal clinical predictability,” said senior author Mathias Jucker, who leads the DIAN study in Germany. The researchers may one day apply the findings to quickly and inexpensively identify brain damage in people with not just Alzheimer’s disease but other neurodegenerative conditions 10 multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits. How Schools and Teachers Can Get Better at Cultural Competence Cultural competence is described as “having an awareness of one's own cultural identity and views about difference, and the ability to learn and build on the varying cultural and community norms of students and their families.” The differences 1 make individuals unique are essential elements of a society. When educators fail to acknowledge their own biases and assumptions, the obstacle of a student's developmental process is inevitable. Having good intentions is not sufficient; the actions are   2 will be seen and felt by students. What one individual may view as innocent   3 have harmful effects. Schools need to feel the urgency and race to end exclusionary practices by improving cultural awareness. Identify Areas for Growth — Everyone has a past and upbringing that has shaped the way they view the world. Those experiences 4 are not negative, but when these experiences twist the way a person views others, an adjustment may be required. A few years ago, a teacher entered my office upset about the disposition of a student. As the student stood beside the upset teacher, I began to listen to the teacher explain the incident. What was explained was the reality that the teacher was upset with the student's disrespectful attitude. I asked for more details about the   5 (perceive) disrespectful nature of the attitude. The teacher described colloquialism, tone, and a lack of eye contact. At that moment I dismissed the student and explained that the student was not being disrespectful, but rather what the teacher was experiencing was the method of communication in which the student interacts with his community. Educators must have an inner dialogue to determine what experiences have shaped the teacher's views of students. Districts must create space to have a   6 (broad) discussion and be realistic about how teachers' individual bias affect the rights of students. The space for a macro conversation for the district is necessary and must be accompanied with   7 cultural awareness is reflected in individual buildings. Listen and Observe — What may seem as a simple task is rarely practiced. The beginning of understanding is listening. When one is constantly talking, there is no room 8 listening. As dean of school culture, I oversaw discipline at a predominantly black school. A white foreign student, frequently in trouble, complained but no one listened. Mediation revealed he felt unwelcomed and misunderstood. We failed him by not addressing his needs. Districts and educators fail at cultural awareness because listening 9 (not initiate). Listen to the parents, listen to the students, listen to your peers, listen to your staff. 10 what you hear confirms what you see, act. Far too often districts fail to see because they fail to listen. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．what 3．can/may 4．themselves 5．perceived 6．broader 7．how 8．for 9．is not initiated 10．When/If 【导语】主要探讨学校与教师应当如何提升文化素养，剖析认知偏见带来的问题，并给出自我审视、倾听观察等可行改进方法。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这些让个体变得独一无二的差异是一个社会必不可少的组成部分。此处引导定语从句，先行词为differences指代事物，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which。 2．考查表语从句。句意：有良好的意图是不够的；行动才是学生将看到和感受到的东西。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物，应用what引导。 3．考查情态动词。句意：一个人眼中无伤大雅的举动，或许会产生不良影响。结合句意，此处表示“可能、能够”，情态动词can或may符合语境。 4．考查代词。句意：那些经历本身并无坏处，但当经历扭曲了一个人看待他人的方式时，就需要做出调整。此处反身代词作同位语，指代experiences，所以用themselves。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：我要求进一步了解这种被认为无礼的态度相关细节。此处作定语修饰名词nature，perceive与逻辑主语nature之间为被动关系，用过去分词perceived。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：学区必须留出空间开展更为广泛的讨论，正视教师个人偏见对学生权益造成的影响。此处表示与以往相比进行“更广泛的”讨论，暗含对比含义，需用形容词比较级，broad的比较级为broader。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：学区层面的宏观交流必不可少，同时也要明确文化素养如何在各个校区落地体现。此处为介词with后的宾语从句，从句结构完整，表示方式，意为“如何”，应用连接副词how引导。 8．考查介词。句意：当一个人不停诉说时，就没有倾听的余地。此处为固定搭配room for意为“……的空间”，所以此处为介词for。 9．考查动词语态。句意：学区和教师文化素养不足，原因在于主动倾听的行为并未被践行。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观现状用一般现在时，主语listening与initiate之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is not initiated。 10．考查状语从句。句意：当/如果你听闻的内容与所见情形相符时，再采取行动。此处引导时间或条件状语从句，表达“当……时”或“如果”的含义，所以用连词when或if，位于句首，首字母需大写。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname 1 reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness 2 people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process 3 (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is 4 life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub 5 talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) 6 (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around 7 : the feeling that you’re welcome, 8 you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each 9 (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you 10 hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” 【答案】 1．that/which 2．how 3．driven 4．where 5．with 6．has become/becomes 7．it 8．even if/even though 9．revealing 10．can 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芬兰建筑师在上海的观察与感悟。 1．考查定语从句。句意：他的学生称他为“搜搜”，意思是“寻找”——这个昵称反映了他不断的探索。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a nickname，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：他的自行车骑行是一种参与的方式——一种见证人与地方如何互动的方式。本空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他重视上海的“敏感更新”，这是一个由居民和政府部门共同推动的过程。本句已有谓语values，本空用非谓语形式，名词process和动词drive“推动”是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填driven。 4．考查表语从句。句意：“街道是生活发生的地方，”他说。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示 “……之处”，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查介词。句意：每天晚上，它都会变成一个夜总会，有谈话、表演和电影放映。此处表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。 6．考查时态。句意：在小巷里吹萨克斯的人或梧桐树下的棋局，在他眼里，都是不断变化的标志。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式becomes。或者：从句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时态应用现在完成时，谓语用has become，故填has become或becomes。 7．考查代词。句意：“一个地方的灵魂，”他说，“不在于建筑，而在于周围的生活：那种即使你是陌生人也会感到受欢迎的感觉。”此处指代上文提到的a place，用代词it。故填it。 8．考查让步状语从句。句意同上。本空引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，用even if或even though。故填even if/even though。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：Suominen已经用这些场景填满了20多本素描本，每一本都揭示了人与空间之间的动态互动。本句已有谓语has filled，本空用非谓语形式，each指代上文提到的sketchbooks，和动词reveal“揭示”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词。故填revealing。 10．考查情态动词。句意：在芬兰，寒冷让人们待在室内，你几乎不可能以同样的方式观察到人们的价值观和习惯。根据“where the cold keeps people inside”可知，此处表示几乎不“可能”，用情态动词can。故填can。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about convincing people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion 1 (play) a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills 2 they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will help get your coworkers about your ideas, 3 (motivate) them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but logic and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody to agree with your goal, 4 they should pursue it is what you should help them understand. Using visual aids 5 can back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills 6 (base) on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to maintain those relationships, you 7 be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are 8 (likely) to agree with you when they succeed alongside. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get 9 (persuade) every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; 10 likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. 【答案】 1．plays/is playing 2．because 3．motivating 4．why 5．that/which 6．are based 7．must/should 8．more likely 9．persuaded 10．nobody 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了说服的艺术，包括其重要性、在职场中的应用以及掌握这门艺术的方法等。 1．考查动词时态。句意：当你在谈判商业交易或只是试图让别人理解你的观点时，说服起着至关重要的作用。此处描述客观事实，可用一般现在时且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为plays；此处也可以强调现阶段的情况，使用现在进行时is playing。故填plays/is playing。 2．考查连词。句意：雇主非常重视具有说服技能的员工，因为他们可以影响工作表现的多个方面。根据句意，上下文之间为因果关系，所以此处用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：有效运用说服技能将帮助同事接受你的想法，激励他们实现共同目标。此处为非谓语动词作状语，motivate与逻辑主语Effective use of persuasion skills为主动关系，用现在分词motivating。故填motivating。 4．考查主语从句。句意：在你让别人认同你的目标之前，你应该帮助他们理解为什么他们应该追求这个目标。此处为主语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处表示原因，所以此处使用连接副词why。故填why。 5．考查定语从句。句意：使用可以支持你想法的视觉辅助工具可以帮助更好地阐述你的观点。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为visual aids，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/ which。 6．考查动词语态。句意：成功的说服技能基于你与他人进行积极互动并维持有意义关系的能力。此处为谓语动词，根据be based on意为“基于”可知，skills与base为被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are based，。故填are based。 7．考查情态动词。句意：为了维持这些关系，你必须/应该也能够为他们的最大利益工作。空后为动词原形，且此处无提示词，由此可知，此处为情态动词，结合句意，表示“必须”或“应该”，用情态动词must或should。故填must/should。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：当同事与你一起成功时，他们更可能同意你的观点。根据when they succeed alongside可知，此处暗含比较的意义，所以此处用形容词比较级more likely，意为“更可能的”。故填more likely。 9．考查动词语态。句意：我们每天都在说服和被说服。空前为get，且此处persuade与主语we之间为被动关系，所以此处为“get done”结构，所以此处使用过去分词persuaded。故填persuaded。 10．考查代词。句意：绝大多数人喜欢合作和团队合作，而不是传统的组织结构；没有人喜欢被命令做什么或被摆布。此处为句子主语，结合句意，此处表否定意义，所以使用不定代词nobody，意为“没有人”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填nobody。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. My son, Ben, died when he was 23. The year after his death, I hiked 48 of the state’s 1 (tall) mountains in his memory. Every step, path and peak has been a way 2 (restore) myself. About a month after his death, my husband and I hiked Carter Dome and Mount Hight, sorrow weighing heavy in our hearts and legs. 3 (stand) on the peak, I looked out across the mountains my son loved. For a moment, the heavy blow 4 (string) about by Ben’s death faded into the timeless expanse, and I could breathe. The next weekend found us on Mount Moosilauke. Then Mount Cannon, Mount Flume, Mount Liberty and so on. It was a series of firsts, of struggles and overcoming them — climbing at night, climbing slides and rocks, camping alone, finding paths and planning routes. Six days before the anniversary of Ben’s death, I hiked my 48th and final peak: Mount Carrigain. As I stood on the observation platform at the peak, I found the essential truth I 5 (struggle) to express for months: The only place 6 feels vast enough to hold sorrow this deep and wide is the top of a mountain, looking out into forever. 7 I once might have hidden myself, these days I hike to seek. I find Ben, but I also find myself: someone broken, now braver and more capable. 8 starts as the forced isolation of sorrow now turns into the welcome loneliness of the path. Hiking is both exhausting and exciting, and it teaches us that sorrow and joy 9 coexist. But there’s another, possibly more important truth: A hike is not the only way to find the peace of the natural world; a simple walk along a park path can have a similar effect. The internal journey of sorrows 10 (mix) with our steps, and we find comfort along the way. 【答案】 1．tallest 2．to restore 3．Standing 4．strung 5．had been struggling 6．that 7．While/Although/Though 8．What 9．can 10．mixes 【导语】本文讲述了作者在儿子去世后通过徒步登山来缓解悲痛，在这一过程中重新找到了自我，并领悟到悲伤与快乐可以共存，以及自然具有疗愈力量的道理。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：在他去世后的第二年，我徒步攀登了该州48座最高的山峰以纪念他。根据空前的“48 of the state’s”以及语境可知，此处指48座最高的山峰，应用形容词最高级。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：每一步、每一条小路和每一座山峰都是我恢复自我的一种方式。谓语动词是has been，因此restore为非谓语。a way to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰way。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：站在山顶上，我眺望儿子喜爱的群山。空处是句子状语，句子主语I和stand之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：那一刻，因本的离世而承受的沉重打击消散在苍茫天地间，我可以呼吸了。空处修饰the heavy blow作后置定语，the heavy blow和string之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，意为“被……缠绕/折磨”。 5．考查时态。句意：当我站在山顶的观察平台上时，我找到了数月以来一直难以言说的核心真相：唯一足够辽阔、能容纳这般深沉绵长悲伤的地方是山顶，可以永远地眺望远方。根据时间状语“for months”可知，动作“struggle”发生在found之前并持续了数月，应用过去完成进行时，表示在过去某一时间之前一直持续的动作。 6．考查定语从句。句意：唯一足够辽阔、能容纳这般深沉绵长悲伤的地方是山顶，可以永远地眺望远方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且空前有the only修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。 7．考查状语从句。句意：尽管我曾经会封闭自我，如今却以徒步去追寻答案。前后分句存在让步逻辑关系，此处引导让步状语从句。应用While/Although/Though引导。 8．考查代词。句意：起初因悲伤而被迫独处，如今化作旅途上欣然享受的独处时光。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，句首单词首字母需大写。 9．考查情态动词。句意：徒步既疲惫又治愈，它让我们明白悲伤与喜悦能够共存。结合句意，此处表示“能够、可以”应用can。 10．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：悲伤的内心旅程与前行的脚步交融，我们沿途收获慰藉。空处为句子谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语The internal journey of sorrows是单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What to Say to A Rude Person Recently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself 1 (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, 2 would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers. When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he 3 (have) enough of the woman’s rudeness. But the press was now waiting for her on the platform. And when they gleefully showed her the lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude. Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, 4 (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this? Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely 5 we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, 6 (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way 7 (end) a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, “Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time. The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger 8 drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous (“I rubbed fries on their wind — shield”) to the disturbing (“I sabotaged them at work”). Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman’s behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her. We must instead combat rudeness head on. 9 we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, and handle it 10 trace of aggression and rudeness. Once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility. 【答案】 1．becoming 2．which 3．had had 4．fueled 5．that 6．less creative 7．to end 8．can 9．When 10．without 【导语】本文借医生在火车上曝光喧哗乘客一事，谈及社交媒体加剧粗鲁风气。粗鲁易传染危害诸多，应直面制止，温和有礼化解不当言行。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，当英国医生罗伯特·温斯顿勋爵乘坐火车从伦敦前往曼彻斯特时，他发现自己逐渐变得怒不可遏。此处become与himself构成主动关系，且表示当时正在进行，故用现在分词作宾补。 2．考查定语从句。句意：一位女士拿起手机，开始大声地交谈起来，这场谈话竟然持续了长达一个小时之久，令人难以置信。非限制性定语从句修饰上文的conversation，从句缺少主语，指物，故用which。 3．考查时态。句意：当火车抵达目的地时，温斯顿迅速下了车，因为他已经受够了那个女人的无礼行为了。下车是过去动作，“受够”发生在下车之前，过去完成时had had。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：温斯顿的故事在某种程度上反映了我们这个日益缺乏礼貌的时代的缩影，这种现象是由社交媒体（以及往往还有政治因素）所引发的。rudeness与fuel为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：仅仅是目睹这一行为，就会大大增加我们日后也会变得粗鲁的可能性。make it likely that…为固定句型，that引导宾语从句。 6．考查比较级。句意：一旦受到感染，我们会变得更具攻击性、创造力下降，而且工作表现也更差。与more aggressive、worse 并列，表示“创造力下降”用比较级less creative。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：要终结这种（粗鲁的）传播链/风气，唯一的办法就是做出慎重的决定去这样做。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语。 8．考查情态动词。句意：当我们对一个陌生人的粗鲁行为感到愤怒和不公时，这种情绪可能会驱使我们做出一些奇怪的举动。表客观可能性应用情态动词can。 9．考查状语从句。句意：当我们在商店里看到这种情况发生时，我们必须站出来表明自己的看法。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when，首字母大写。 10．考查介词。句意：但我们可以以优雅的姿态去完成这件事，并且在处理过程中不会表现出任何的攻击性和粗鲁行为。此处表示“不带任何侵略性和无礼”，应用介词without。 Passage 6 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Horseshoe Crabs Save Lives Anytime a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. 1 you’ve had vaccination, an intravenous treatment, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device 2 (implant) in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab. Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood 3 appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even 4 (small) amount of bacterial endotoxin, such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system. In 5 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝结) factors to test for contamination of medical devices. By 1970, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially 6 (make) sure everything from scalpels to artificial hips could safely be introduced into the human body. 7 such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice has taken a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they 8 (catch), bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs 9 (die) once they are put back in the water. The International Union on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the Atlantic horseshoe crab 10 vulnerable, just one category below endangered in the extinction risk scale. Fortunately, management practices are now in place to protect the species. 【答案】 1．If 2．implanted 3．that 4．smaller 5．the 6．to make 7．Although/Though/While 8．are caught 9．dying 10．as 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了鲎的血液对医疗安全的重要性及其面临的生存挑战。 1．考查连词。句意：如果你接种过疫苗、接受过静脉治疗、做过任何类型的手术，或者体内植入过医疗器械，你的生存都要归功于鲎。本空引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，用if引导，句首单词，首字母大写。故填If。 2．考查非谓语。句意：如果你接种过疫苗、接受过静脉治疗、做过任何类型的手术，或者体内植入过医疗器械，你的生存都要归功于鲎。本句已有谓语动词have had，implant用非谓语形式，have sth. done“让某事被做”，medical device与implant为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填implanted。 3．考查定语从句。句意：鲎的血液富含铜，呈现出醒目的蓝色。本空引导定语从句，先行词是blood，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：鲎血细胞中的蛋白质，即使对极少量的细菌内毒素（如大肠杆菌）也会释放出来。此处表示“更少的”，用small的比较级smaller。故填smaller。 5．考查冠词。句意：20世纪60年代，两位研究人员Frederick Bang和Jack Levin开发了一种利用这些凝血因子检测医疗器械污染的方法。此处表达“在20世纪60年代”，用in the 1960s，空处需填定冠词the。故填the。 6．考查非谓语。句意：到1970年，他们的鲎试剂（LAL）检测已被商业化使用，以确保从手术刀到人工髋关节的所有东西都能安全地植入人体。本句已有谓语动词was being used，所以make用非谓语形式，此处表目的，用不定式to make作目的状语。故填to make。 7．考查连词。句意：虽然这种检测对安全医疗至关重要，但这种做法对鲎的数量造成了影响。根据句意可知，此处表达“虽然”，用although或though/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 8．考查动词语态。句意：鲎这个过程中不会被直接杀死；它们被捕获、放血，然后被放生。本空在句中作谓语，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语they（代指鲎）和catch之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语they是复数，be动词用are。故填are caught。 9．考查非谓语。句意：但生物学家怀疑，这种压力会导致一部分被放生的鲎一旦被放回水中就会死亡。本句已有谓语动词results in，die用非谓语形式，result in sb./sth. doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“导致某人/某物做某事”，本空用动名词dying。故填dying。 10．考查介词。句意：国际自然与自然资源保护联盟将大西洋鲎列为易危物种，在灭绝风险等级中仅比濒危物种低一个等级。此处表达“将……列为”，用固定短语list...as...。故填as。 语篇类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people 1 (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait 2 the sadness is gone. The mental rule is 3 you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to 4 (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays 5 a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it 6 (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool 7 allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways 8 (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA．It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on 9 feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a 10 (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. 【答案】 1．are taught 2．until 3．that 4．fixing 5．by 6．worse 7．as 8．to be involved 9．to 10．clinging 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了追求幸福可能适得其反，并解释了“体验回避”和“体验依恋”两种心理现象及其对生活的影响。 1．考查时态语态。句意：但许多人被教导——有时是微妙地，有时是直白地——生活只有在艰难的部分消失后才开始。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，且主语和该动词之间为被动语态，主语many people为复数。故填are taught。 2．考查连词。句意：如果你在悲伤，除非等到悲伤消失，否则你不能重新开始。此处需要一个连词来连接前后两个分句，表示“直到……才”的意思，引导时间状语从句，所以用until。故填until。 3．考查表语从句。句意：心理规则是，你通过避免感觉不好来感觉良好，并且你需要感觉良好以便能够做好事。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，所以用that来引导表语从句。故填that。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们习惯于解决问题。adapt to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“习惯于做某事”，所以此处应用fixing作为to的宾语。故填fixing。 5．考查介词。句意：但我们皮肤内的世界遵循不同的规则：当涉及到想法和感受时，试图消除痛苦往往会使情况变得更糟。play by the rule是固定短语，表示“遵循规则”。故填by。 6．考查比较级。句意：同上。此处表示试图消除痛苦往往会使情况“变得更糟”，所以用bad的比较级worse作为make的宾语补足语，表示情况的变化。故填worse。 7．考查定语从句。句意：人类大脑是一个如此惊人的工具，它允许我们想象、计划、评估和创造。空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中，当先行词被such修饰时，关系代词常用as来引导，且as在从句中可作主语。故填as。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在某种程度上，这个过程被称为“体验回避”或“EA”，它是世界上最有害的参与方式之一。the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，且此处表示“被参与”的被动意义，所以用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be involved。 9．考查介词短语。句意：你必须要紧紧抓住感觉良好的状态，否则你会感到糟糕。hang on to为固定短语，含义为“抓紧某物”，符合语境，故填to。 10．考查形容词。句意：事实是，我们越是以一种狂热的方式追求 “幸福”，它就越是会溜走！空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，因空白处表示的是一种属性，使用v-ing形式的形容词，故填clinging。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff — about 43 stories high — along a via ferrata route (铁索攀道) with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away 3 the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 4 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 5 (name) after the town it’s located near — Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village — a previously 6 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone house that guard against coastal winds — 7 (see) bubble tea shops, home-stays and camping site emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs hanging over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as adventurous visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare — No way I 8 ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a villager was setting up a stall outside the café shop duringGolden Week. 【答案】 1．What 2．towering 3．as soon as 4．where 5．is named 6．less famous 7．has seen 8．would 9．Despite 10．Backed 【导语】本文讲述了中国东南部一家名为“古石悬崖咖啡”的特色咖啡馆。 1．考查主语从句。句意：它的独特之处在于一张木制长椅，悬于海面上方70米的惊人高度，可俯瞰令人惊叹的海岸美景。分析句子结构，此空所在部分 “______ distinguishes it” 在整个句子中作主语，是主语从句。在这个从句中，缺少主语成分，且指代事物，所以用连接代词what引导，what在从句中充当主语，表示“……的东西”，首字母大写。 2．考查形容词。句意：30岁的叶女士沿着一条铁索攀道从130米高（约43层楼高）的高耸悬崖上攀爬而下，铁索攀道上有固定在岩壁上的金属台阶，一名教练在一旁引导她。空处为形容词来修饰名词cliff，tower是名词“塔”或动词“高耸”，其形容词形式towering意为“高耸的”。 3．考查连词。句意：但教练一走在前面带领我时，我的恐惧就消失了。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”应用as soon as。 4．考查定语从句。句意：她花了30分钟到达那个地方，悬崖边有一个牌子，上面写着“古石悬崖咖啡”。此空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the spot（那个地方），在从句 “a sign on the cliffside reads ‘Gushi Clif Coffee.’” 中作地点状语，表示“在那个地方”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这家咖啡馆以它附近的城镇——福建省会福州的古石村命名。句子描述的是一般事实，要用一般现在时。主语The café和动词name（命名）之间是被动关系，即咖啡馆是“被命名”的，一般现在时的被动语态结构是“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语The café是单数，所以be动词用is，name的过去分词是named，所以填is named。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：由于当地政府推动乡村旅游的发展，近年来，珍珠奶茶店、民宿和露营地纷纷出现，这个村子以前不太出名，有一群群古老的石头房子可以抵御海风。根据语境，这个村庄以前是不出名的，“previously”（以前）提示这里要用“famous”的比较级，表示“不那么出名”用less famous。 7．考查动词时态。句意：这个村庄——以前是一个不出名的地方，有许多抵御海风的古老石屋——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，出现了奶茶店、民宿和露营地。时间状语“in recent years（近年来）”常与现在完成时连用，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并对现在产生影响。现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，主语The village是单数，所以用has，see的过去分词是seen，所以填has seen。 8．考查情态动词。句意：“这不是我喜欢的类型，但尊重那些有胆量的人——我永远都不可能上去！”一位中国网友评论道。此句表达一种虚拟的语气，是对自己不会去做这件事的一种假设，在这种语境下，用would表示一种不太可能发生的情况，“No way I would ever go up there!” 意思是“我绝对不会上去那里！”。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管网上有不同意见，但寻求刺激的人仍不断涌入这家咖啡馆。前后句之间存在让步关系，即虽然网上有不同看法，但还是有很多人来。空后是名词短语mixed opinions online，所以用介词Despite，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语。首字母大写。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地政府150万元拨款的支持下，这家乡村咖啡馆有望为中国的乡村振兴做出贡献。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词is expected，所以此空要用非谓语动词形式。the village café（乡村咖啡馆）和back（支持）之间是被动关系，即咖啡馆是“被支持”的，所以用过去分词Backed作状语，表被动和完成，位于句首，首字母大写。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. 【答案】 1．could 2．none 3．forgetting 4．what 5．With 6．unlike 7．are losing/have lost 8．to describe 9．Although/Though/While 10．across 【导语】文章介绍随着网络与数码设备普及、拼音输入盛行，国人出现提笔忘字的现象，分析了成因、现状及相关调查情况。 1．考查情态动词。句意：由于我感冒了，我打算写一张便条取消下午的约会，却突然发现自己想不起“喷嚏”这个词的汉字该怎么写。根据主句谓语found可知，此处描述过去发现的情况，表过去“不能够”记得，用一般过去时，情态动词can用过去式could。 2．考查代词。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们三个人没有一个能正确写出这个字。前文提到三个朋友，none指代三者及以上“都不”，none of them符合“三个都没能正确写出来”的语境。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：很难想象哈佛大学三名英国文学专业的博士生会忘记“喷嚏”这个英文单词怎么拼写。固定搭配imagine (sb.) doing sth.，意为“想象某人做某事”，用forget的动名词形式forgetting，作宾语。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这是我第一次直接接触到如今在中国广为人知的所谓“汉字失忆症”：即使是受过高等教育的人也越来越忘记如何手写常见的汉字。with后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，指代“如今被称为‘汉字失忆症’的现象”，用连接代词what来引导。 5．考查介词。句意：随着计算机内存的指数级增长，汉字文字处理变得越来越常规且便捷。介词with表伴随，意为“随着”，句首首字母需大写。 6．考查介词。句意：标准的QWERTY键盘不仅支持拼音输入，还支持多种其他输入方式，使得和字母文字不同的汉字也能在网络空间轻松运行。 此处表示“和……不同，不像”，应用介词unlike作插入语，将汉字和字母文字对。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而这些进步也催生了一个独特的问题：如今人们正在逐渐丧失手写汉字的能力。空处作谓语，时间状语为nowadays，表现阶段正在持续发生的状态，用现在进行时，主语people为复数，系动词用are；“人们失去手写能力”是数字化发展带来的结果，也可用现在完成时。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：汉语中早就有“提笔忘字”这一说法，用来描述这种现象。句子已有谓语has had，空处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。 9．考查状语从句。句意：虽然严谨的实证研究寥寥无几，但《中国日报》的非正式调查显示，约八成受访者在日常生活中都有汉字失忆症的经历。空处引导让步状语从句，用although/though/while，意为“尽管”，句首首字母需大写。 10．考查介词。句意：已有相关研究着手探究其成因，但这些数据仍难以跨职业、跨学科进行评估。介词across表示“跨（不同领域）”，此处指“数据跨不同职业、学科很难评估”。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·上海松江·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Enabling the Disabled I was standing at a crosswalk when I noticed a man with a white cane standing beside me. Recognizing that he was blind, I offered assistance, only to be met with a polite refusal. “No, thank you, I know my way, and this crosswalk has audible (听得见的) signals,” he said. 1 the light turned green, the rhythmic (有节奏的) “beeping” of the crosswalk echoed, and the man crossed the street with the ease of any other pedestrian. The “beeping” crosswalk is just one example of Shanghai’s commitment to fostering independence for people with disabilities. Across the city, subway stations and public buildings are now “handicapped accessible” with elevators, ramps (坡道), and tactile paving (盲道砖). Technology plays an even 2 (great) role: Text-to-speech scanners enable the blind to “read” books, while advanced prosthetics (假肢) can replace missing limbs. Perhaps the most groundbreaking innovation is Neuralink, Elon Musk’s brain-chip interface. It 3 one day empower quadriplegics (四肢瘫痪者) to control devices through thought alone. Such advancements are reshaping societal attitudes toward disability. Historically, disability was stigmatized (污名化). For people with disabilities, opportunities for education or employment 4 (be) scarce. We now recognize that disability doesn’t equate to inability. With the right tools, 5 disabled can lead autonomous, fulfilling lives and contribute meaningfully to society. China is home to an estimated 85 million people with disabilities. Some are born with conditions, and 6 are affected by accidents or illnesses. Special attention has been given to children with disabilities. 7 government-funded special schools and training programs, 97% of disabled children now attend elementary and secondary school. Each year, 30,000 disabled students enter higher education, 8 is a testament to progress. Yet one critical aspect remains overlooked: mental health. The daily struggle to overcome physical barriers can wear down even the most resilient (有适应力的) individuals. Take the recent clash (冲突) between Zheng Zhihua and an airline over wheelchair accessibility. After the singer complained that he had to “crawl” onto the plane, CCTV footage surfaced showing staff assisting him. 9 led some people to accuse the singer of exaggeration (言过其实). Zheng later apologized for his “fit of anger.” Yes, Zheng was wrong, but I think while accountability (问责) matters, so does empathy (同理心). Living with a disability often means 10 (battle) invisible frustrations. A moment of impatience or anger shouldn’t eclipse years of perseverance. As a society, we must learn to “cut them some slack.” Sometimes, the most powerful support we can offer isn’t a ramp or a prosthetic; it’s simple kindness. 【答案】 1．When 2．greater 3．may/might 4．were 5．the 6．others 7．Through/With 8．which 9．It 10．battling 【导语】本文以盲人为例，介绍上海助力残疾人独立的举措与中国残疾人事业进展，同时指出需关注其心理健康，强调社会应给予同理心与善意。 1．考查状语从句。句意：当绿灯亮起时，人行横道处有节奏的“哔哔”声随之响起，而这位男士像其他行人一样轻松地走过了马路。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when，首字母大写。 2．考查比较级。句意：科技的作用更是愈发显著：语音转文字扫描仪让盲人能够“阅读”书籍，而先进的假肢则能够替代缺失的肢体。根据上文even可知用比较级greater。 3．考查情态动词。句意：也许有一天，这种技术能够使四肢瘫痪者仅通过思维就能控制各种设备。根据one day（将来某天），用情态动词表将来可能性，表“有朝一日能够”，可用may/might。 4．考查时态。句意：对于残疾人而言，接受教育或就业的机会十分匮乏。时间状语Historically表过去时态；主语opportunities为复数，谓语用were。 5．考查冠词。句意：只要拥有合适的工具，残疾人就能过上自主且充实的生活，并为社会做出有意义的贡献。the+形容词表一类人，the disabled表示“残疾人”。 6．考查代词。句意：有些人天生就存在某些缺陷，而另一些人则是因为意外或疾病而受到影响。固定结构 some…others…表示“一些……另一些……”。 7．考查介词。句意：通过政府资助的特殊学校和培训项目，如今97%的残疾儿童能够进入小学和中学就读。表示“通过，借助”用介词through或with，首字母大写。 8．考查定语从句。句意：每年有3万名残疾学生进入高等教育院校就读，这无疑是对进步的有力证明。非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话内容，用关系代词which。 9．考查代词。句意：这使得一些人指责这位歌手言辞夸张。指代前文整件事（监控画面曝光一事），作句子主语用代词it，首字母大写。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：身患残疾往往意味着要与那些不易察觉的困扰作斗争。mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. AI in the Classroom: A 2026 Perspective By early 2026, the debate over AI has evolved from mere adoption to sophisticated mastery. A study 1 (conduct) recently by TIME suggests that personalized AI tutors, 2 implementation was once highly controversial, have improved literacy rates by 15% across several pilot schools. Not until these systems are fully integrated into daily routines 3 their transformative potential be realized. These tools are capable of identifying the exact moment 4 a student’s attention begins to wander, providing instant feedback that no human teacher could manage for thirty students simultaneously. However, many educators remain skeptical, fearing that 5 (allow) students to rely too heavily on algorithms to generate ideas would cause their critical thinking skills to inevitably diminish over time. “The goal of education is to have the cognitive ability 6 (exercise) regularly without digital assistance.” says Dr. Lee, whose expertise lies in cognitive psychology. 7 these persistent concerns, schools are now implementing “Hybrid Learning” rules to balance high-tech automation with human intuition. 8 (produce) original drafts, students under this framework are then allowed to engage with AI-enhanced refinement tools. The question remains 9 we can maintain the human element in an increasingly automated world. Indeed, the essence of education lies not in the mere delivery of facts, but in the spark of inspiration that occurs between a mentor and a learner. Most forward-thinking educators consider 10 essential to nurture students’ emotional intelligence alongside their digital literacy. 【答案】 1．conducted 2．whose 3．will 4．when 5．allowing 6．exercised 7．Despite 8．Having produced 9．whether 10．it 【导语】文章主要讲述了2026年AI在课堂中的应用、争议及平衡策略。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《时代》杂志最近进行的一项研究表明，个性化的人工智能导师——其实施曾一度极具争议——已经使几所试点学校的识字率提高了15%。本空在句中作后置定语，修饰名词study，且与study之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式conducted。 2．考查定语从句。句意同上。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词personalized AI tutors，且在从句中作定语，修饰名词implementation，表示所属关系，所以用关系代词whose。 3．考查部分倒装。句意：只有当这些系统完全融入日常生活时，它们的变革潜力才能实现。本句为“Not until+状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词/be动词/情态动词置于主语之前，根据语境可知，句子描述的是将来的情况，应用一般将来时，所以用will。 4．考查定语从句。句意：这些工具能够识别出学生注意力开始分散的确切时刻，并提供即时反馈，这是人类教师无法同时为30名学生提供的。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，许多教育工作者仍然持怀疑态度，他们担心允许学生过于依赖算法来产生想法，会导致他们的批判性思维能力随着时间的推移不可避免地下降。本空在句中作主语，表示一般性的动作，用allow的动名词形式allowing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：“教育的目标是让认知能力在没有数字辅助的情况下得到定期锻炼，”认知心理学专家李博士说。本空在句中作宾语补足语，have sth. done“让某事被做”，exercise与宾语the cognitive ability之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式exercised。 7．考查介词。句意：尽管存在这些持续的担忧，学校现在正在实施“混合学习”规则，以平衡高科技自动化和人类直觉。此处表让步，后接名词短语，用介词Despite“尽管”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个框架下，学生需要先制作原始草稿，然后才能使用人工智能增强细化工具。学生完成原创初稿后，才可使用 AI 优化工具。students与 produce为主动，且动作先于主句动作发生，用现在分词完成式Having produced作状语。 9．考查表语从句。句意：问题仍然在于，在一个日益自动化的世界里，我们能否保持人的因素。本空引导表语从句，表示“是否”，用whether引导。 10．考查it作形式宾语。句意：大多数有远见的教育工作者认为，在培养学生的数字素养的同时，培养他们的情商是至关重要的。本空在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语to nurture students’ emotional intelligence alongside their digital literacy，用代词it。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·上海·期末）Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall: Can Animals Recognize Their Reflection at All? Daniel Povinelli was in high school when he first read about an experiment published in 1970. It left a deep impression 1 him as it showed that chimpanzees, rather than monkeys, can recognize themselves in mirrors. All it took was a simple mirror 2 (reveal) that our close chimpanzee relatives are self-aware. This famous mirror self-recognition experiment was conducted in the 1960s by scientist Gordon Gallup, Jr. No such tests had been done before 3 people had long observed animals interacting with mirrors. In this experiment, the chimps originally tried to attack the image in the mirror. But after a couple of days, they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies such as their teeth. He then anesthetized (使麻醉) them and put red dye on their face. The chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they 4 understand that the marks were on their own faces. In Gallup’s view, passing this test proved that the chimps had self-awareness, which was an evolutionary leap 5 (make) only by humans and their close relatives and led to empathy and higher-level thinking. Though convinced at first, Povinelli now holds a different view on what animals may be doing after spending years 6 (commit) himself to studying mirrors and higher-order consciousness for years. He holds that animals may have a 7 (complicated) sense of their own body’s movement than we imagine. With that kind of physical self-concept, a chimp could use a mirror as a tool to examine its body. But that wouldn’t indicate anything about the richness of the animal’s inner life. Recent research also shows monkeys can actually learn to perform this skill, if they 8 (give) the proper training. Povinelli says people 9 live with cats and dogs tend to project their own understanding of the world onto their pets. Since they can’t directly ask 10 their pets are experiencing, their projection is very likely to be wrong. 【答案】 1．on 2．to reveal 3．even if 4．could 5．made 6．committing 7．more complicated 8．are given 9．who 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍镜像自我认知实验的背景、过程，及科学家对动物是否真能识别自身倒影的不同观点与相关研究。 1．考查介词。句意：这给他留下了深刻的印象，因为这表明黑猩猩，而不是猴子，可以在镜子中认出自己。leave a deep impression on为固定短语，意为“给……留下深刻印象”。故填on。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：只需要一面简单的镜子就能揭示我们的近亲黑猩猩有自我意识。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to reveal。 3．考查状语从句。句意：在此之前，即使人们长期观察动物与镜子的互动，也没有人做过这样的实验。上文提到“没有人做过这样的实验”，下文提到“人们长期观察动物与镜子的互动”，上下文之间形成转折关系，需用even if引导让步状语从句。故填even if。 4．考查情态动词。句意：黑猩猩后来醒来，对这个意外的镜像做出反应，就好像它们能明白这些标记是在它们自己的脸上一样。此处表示“好像它们能够明白”，表示“能够”需用情态动词could。故填could。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在盖洛普看来，通过这项测试证明了黑猩猩具有自我意识，这是只有人类及其近亲才能实现的进化飞跃，并导致了同理心和更高层次的思考。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，evolutionary leap和make为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填made。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然波维内利一开始深信不疑，但在花了数年时间致力于研究镜子和高阶意识之后，他现在对动物可能在做什么有了不同的看法。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填committing。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：他认为，动物对自身身体运动的感知可能比我们想象的更为复杂。空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词sense，结合空后的“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级。故填more complicated。 8．考查动词时态语态。句意：最近的研究还表明，如果给予猴子适当的训练，它们实际上可以学会表演这项技能。if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时，主语they和give为被动关系，需用被动语态，be动词用are。故填are given。 9．考查定语从句。句意：波维内利说，和猫狗一起生活的人倾向于把自己对世界的理解投射到他们的宠物身上。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：因为他们不能直接问他们的宠物正在经历什么，他们的预测很可能是错误的。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 语篇类型三: 人与自然（5篇） Passage 1 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part 1 (blame) for the decline. 2 the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet 3 this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys 4 (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed 5 the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done 6 (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water 7 (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, 8 have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. 9 all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that 10 (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 【答案】 1．to blame 2．If 3．that 4．carried 5．how 6．worse 7．is used 8．which 9．Despite 10．means 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地球野生脊椎动物数量下降及原因。 1．考查固定短语。句意：气候变化以及森林砍伐和偷猎等活动在很大程度上是造成这种下降的原因。be to blame for为固定短语，意为“对……应负责任；应该为某事负责任”。故填to blame。 2．考查条件状语从句。句意：如果这种趋势继续下去，世界将失去三分之二的脊椎动物生物多样性。句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，意为“如果”，应用if引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填If。 3．考查同位语从句。句意：报告称：“可悲的是，目前还没有迹象表明这一比率会下降。”空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明sign的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，应用that引导从句。故填that。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组从3000多个来源收集了数据，包括政府统计数据和保护组织进行的调查。句中有谓语动词collected且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，surveys与carry out之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空格处应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填carried。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：然后，他们分析了种群数量是如何随时间变化的。空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意和句中“changed”可知，句子应用how引导从句，意为“如何，怎样”，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 6．考查比较级。句意：兰贝蒂尼说，有些动物群体的情况比其他群体更糟。根据句意和句中“than”可知，句子应用比较级，bad的比较级为worse“更糟糕的”。故填worse。 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这与水的使用方式和从淡水系统中取水的方式有关，也与通过筑坝等方式使淡水系统破碎化有关。根据句意和句中“is”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，空格处是that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，water和use之间为被动关系，故从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，water为不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is used。 8．考查定语从句。句意：报告还强调了其他物种，如近年来数量大幅下降的非洲象和受到过度捕捞威胁的鲨鱼。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词African elephants指物，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 9．考查介词。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然保护主义者表示仍有希望。根据句意可知，前后句为让步关系，空后为名词短语，应用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总的来说，它们并没有灭绝，这意味着我们仍然有机会对这种下降采取一些措施。根据句意和句中“have”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代上文提到的事情，为单数，故mean应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 1 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 2 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 3 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 4 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 5 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 6 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 7 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 8 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 9 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 10 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. 【答案】 1．have been found 2．how 3．when 4．had 5．being 6．It 7．to make 8．which 9．shown 10．with 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现家猫等125种哺乳动物具有荧光特性，在紫外线下会发光，该现象在夜间活动物种中更常见，其生物学作用尚不明确，可能与视觉信号交流有关。 1．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：家猫是被发现具有荧光特性的125个物种之一，这些特性使它们在紫外线下发光。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that（指代先行词species）与find为被动关系，且动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；that是复数意义，助动词用have。故填 have been found。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：这种能力在包括人类在内的各种动物中都有记载，但从未有人知道它的普及程度如何。空处引导宾语从句，修饰widespread，表程度，用连接代词how引导。故填how。 3．考查状语从句。句意：澳大利亚的科学家们查看了一家博物馆的哺乳动物藏品，想看看当紫外线灯打开时，有多少会在黑暗中发光。空处引导从句，表示“当……”，用when引导构成时间状语从句。故填when。 4．考查动词时态。句意：研究发现，所有27个目（属以上的分类级别）都有具有荧光特性的成员。空处为主句谓语动词，all 27 orders与have为主动关系，主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填had。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者说：“荧光在夜间活动的物种中最常见，也最强烈，它们身体的更多部位具有更强的荧光性。”这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，body与be为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填being。 6．考查形式主语。句意：目前尚不清楚荧光对哺乳动物是否有任何特定的生物学作用。真正主语为 whether引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：但它的功能可能是使这些区域显得更亮，从而增强视觉信号。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 8．考查定语从句。句意：荧光有多种形式，但都涉及光的吸收和低水平的发射，这通常类似于发光。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a low-level emission，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：1911年的一篇学术论文发现人类头发可以在紫外线下发光，人类和兔子是首批被证明具有荧光特性的哺乳动物。此空考查非谓语，the first mammals与show 为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 10．考查介词。句意：多年来，一些研究已经确定了具有荧光能力的特定单个物种，并提供了未经证实的基于故事的证据。此处表示“具有”，用介词with。故填with。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pumee Boontom lives in northern Thailand, but he tunes his television to the Chinese weather forecast. A big storm in southern China 1 (mean) a big release of water from the Chinese dams upstream(上游) — and, in turn, a good chance that his village will be flooded. The Chinese government is supposed 2 (warn) downstream countries, 3 in Boontom’s experience, that warning tends to arrive too late or not at all. Boontom is the leader of Ban Pak Ing, a village on the west bank of the Mekong (湄公河). Twenty years ago, like many of his neighbors, Boontom caught fish for a living. But as China completed one, then two, and then seven dams upstream, the few hundred residents of Ban Pak Ing saw the Mekong change. The sudden rise and fall in water levels interfere with fish migration and spawning (洄游和产卵). 4 the village has protected local spawning grounds, there are no longer enough fish to go around. In recent years Boontom and many others here 5 (sell) their fishing boats and switched to farming corn, tobacco, and beans. It’s a risky living, and not the one they know best — and this life is 6 (challenge) because of the frequent flooding. Ban Pak Ing may be a vision of the future for many Mekong villages. Five more dams are 7 construction in China. Downstream, in Laos and Cambodia (老挝和柬埔寨), 11 major dams are either proposed or already being built. By disturbing fish migration and spawning, the new dams 8 (expect) to threaten the food supply of an estimated 60 million people, most of 9 live in villages much like Ban Pak Ing. The electric power 10 (generate) by the lower Mekong dams is mainly for booming urban centers in Thailand and Vietnam. 【答案】 1．means 2．to warn 3．but 4．Although/Though/While 5．have sold 6．challenging 7．under 8．are expected 9．whom 10．generated 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了湄公河流域大坝建设对下游地区的影响。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国南部的一场大暴雨意味着上游中国大坝将大量放水——反过来，他的村庄很可能会被洪水淹没。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语A big storm 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填means。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府本应警告下游国家，但根据Boontom的经验，这种警告往往来得太晚或根本没有。固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，此处用动词不定式作主语补足语，故填to warn。 3．考查连词。句意：中国政府本应警告下游国家，但根据Boontom 的经验，这种警告往往来得太晚或根本没有。前半句“应该警告”与后半句“警告太晚或没有”之间是转折关系，故填but。 4．考查连词。句意：尽管该村保护了当地的产卵场，但鱼的数量已经不足以分配了。前半句“保护产卵场”与后半句“鱼不够”之间是让步关系，Although/Though/While（三者均可表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句）。首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 5．考查动词时态。句意：近年来，Boontom和这里的许多人卖掉了他们的渔船，转而种植玉米、烟草和豆类。根据时间状 In recent years 可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时；主语Boontom and many others 是复数，谓语动词用have + 过去分词，sell 的过去分词是 sold，故填have sold。 6．考查形容词。句意：这是一种危险的生活，而且不是他们最熟悉的——由于频繁的洪水，这种生活充满了挑战。此处作系动词 is 的表语，需用形容词形式；challenge的形容词为 challenging（意为“具有挑战性的”），修饰事物，符合语境，故填challenging。 7．考查介词。句意：中国还有五座大坝正在建设中。固定搭配 under construction 意为“在建设中”，故填 under。 8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过干扰鱼类洄游和产卵，新大坝预计将威胁约6000万人的粮食供应，其中大多数人生活在与Ban Pak Ing 非常相似的村庄里。此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语 the new dams与expect 之间是被动关系（大坝被预计），需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是复数，故填are expected。 9．考查定语从句。句意：通过干扰鱼类洄游和产卵，新大坝预计将威胁约6000万人的粮食供应，其中大多数人生活在与Ban Pak Ing 非常相似的村庄里。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 60 million people，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用whom。故填whom。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：湄公河下游大坝产生的电力主要供应给泰国和越南蓬勃发展的城市中心。此处修饰名词The electric power，generate与power 之间是被动关系（电力被产生），用过去分词作定语，故填generated。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·上海·月考）Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. It was a cool October evening in the hill country of southwest Mississippi. Joey Deak and I were there to bow-hunt white-tailed deer, and had set up a rough base camp. After a dinner of sardines, crackers, cheese, onions and lemonade, we retired to our goose-down sleeping bags 1 (spread) beneath an oak tree. 2 the tune of an occasional plop-plop of falling acorns (橡实), Joey immediately fell asleep. However, I lay awake, trying to ignore my partner’s snoring and the screech of a nearby owl. Finally I drifted into a dream about white-tailed deer prancing down a trail. Suddenly, I was jolted awake. It was 3 I had felt a danger signal deep within me. I lay on my side, one arm folded beneath my head, realizing things were not as they 4 be. Then an icy chill skittered up my spine as something with a rough surface 5 (slide) slowly onto my ankles. My heart jumped and I froze. Rattlesnake! Flashed across my mind, searing my thoughts with the old timers’ tales about these deadly reptiles 6 inhabit the hills in Franklin Count — and their sometimes lethal bite. I lay still and tried to maintain my composure as the snake made its hair-raising way upward. I panted for breath and wondered if I was giving off an odor of fear that might provoke 7 into striking. I prayed sincerely to God for safety, and asked for forgiveness. Images of my family flashed before my eyes. The crawling, ticklish movement suddenly stopped. The rattler now lay partially lengthwise along my upper legs and buttocks. Not a muscle twitched as I searched my mind for a way out of the predicament. I had just about decided to catapult myself from the sleeping bag when the snake slowly crawled over my hip and began to coil (盘绕) its full length into the warm confines of my lower stomach, groin and thighs. No movement was made by cither the rattler or me for 8 seemed like an eternity. My mouth was like cotton, and I longed 9 (emit) a long, deep breath. Then waves of goose pimples rippled up my stomach as the snake began to make another move. Oh, God, deliver me, I prayed. I lay frozen, my heart 10 (pound) in my ears. 【答案】 1．spread 2．To 3．as if/as though 4．should 5．slid 6．that/which 7．it 8．what 9．to emit 10．pounding 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在密西西比州西南部山区狩猎白尾鹿时遭遇响尾蛇的惊险经历。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：晚餐吃完沙丁鱼、饼干、奶酪、洋葱和柠檬水后，我们回到橡树下铺着的鹅绒睡袋里。句中谓语是retired，空格处用非谓语动词，bags和spread之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，故填spread。 2．考查介词。句意：伴随着偶尔掉落的橡子扑通扑通的声音，Joey很快就睡着了。to the tune of意为“和着……的曲调”，因此空格处用介词to，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To。 3．考查表语从句。句意：我仿佛感觉到了内心深处的危险信号。由“I had felt a danger signal deep within me”可知，句子表示“我仿佛感觉到了内心深处的危险信号”，空格处意为“仿佛”，用as if或as though引导表语从句，故填as if或as though。 4．考查情态动词。句意：我侧身躺下，一只胳膊交叉在头下，意识到事情并不像它们应该的那样。空后be是原形，空格处用情态动词，句子表示“意识到事情并不像它们应该的那样”，空格处意为“应该”，情态动词用should。故填should。 5．考查动词时态。句意：然后，一股冰冷的寒意掠过我的脊柱，一个表面粗糙的东西慢慢地滑到我的脚踝上。空格处是谓语，由skittered可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式slid，故填slid。 6．考查定语从句。句意：响尾蛇！我的脑海中突然闪过关于富兰克林县山丘上这些致命爬行动物的古老传说，以及它们有时致命的咬伤，这些传说像烙印一样灼烧着我的思绪。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词reptiles是动物，因此空格处是that或which。故填that或which。 7．考查代词。句意：我喘着气，想知道我是否散发出一种恐惧的气味，可能会引起它的攻击。根据语境可知，空格处指代“响尾蛇”，用it，故填it。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：响尾蛇和我都一动不动，似乎过了很长一段时间。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“响尾蛇和我都一动不动，似乎过了很长一段时间”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的嘴干燥无力，我渴望深深地吸一口气。long to do sth.是固定短语，意为“渴望做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to emit。故填to emit。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我一动不动地躺在那里，心砰砰直跳。句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，heart和pound之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，表主动，故填pounding。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·上海·期末）Meet the Islands Located 86 km north-east of Bougainville in the South Pacific, the Carteret Islands of Papua New Guinea are composed of low-lying islands 1 (distribute) in a horseshoe shape, with a total land area of 0.6 square kilometers and a maximum elevation of 1.5 meters above sea level. The Carteret Islands are believed 2 (inhabit) for more than one thousand years. Few places are as calm, peaceful and beautiful as the seaside here on a calm day. People are very 3 (welcome), gentle, and calm. There’s no phone network, shops, computers, roads, cars, or motorbikes. Food is cooked on open fires. People here live sustainably. They don’t overfish or pollute, making no contribution to the warming of our planet. However, they are feeling the consequences of the climate change. Now, as the land 4 (swallow) by the rising sea, the islanders are faced with an uncertain future. Storms and high tides wash away homes, destroy vegetable gardens and pollute fresh water supplies. The trees on the island are also being impacted by the saltwater. The beach exists 5 fertile soil once did. 6 the coral and seagrasses die, so do the breeding areas for fish. Many seawalls have been built 7 with little success. The islands have gradually become uninhabitable. The Carteret islanders are labelled as the world’s first official climate-change refugees, as they are forced to abandon their homelands 8 food shortages, rising sea levels, sinking shorelines, and the dangers of storms and tides. In front of 9 is the choice whether to stay and watch the islands shrink and slowly disappear or try to rebuild their community somewhere else. Yet, the relocation is not a move embraced by most, and some are unhappy living away from their home, and have returned after struggling to adapt. On the other hand, relocation will be a great challenge to the preservation of the identity and culture of the Carteret islanders. The Carteret Islanders’ story illustrates how small island states and coastal communities fall victim 10 rising sea levels caused by climate change. The Carteret Islanders, with a carbon footprint among the lowest in the world, will be among the first to have to leave their homes because of rising seas caused by emissions from other nations. 【答案】 1．distributed 2．to have been inhabited 3．welcoming 4．is being swallowed 5．where 6．As 7．but 8．due to 9．them 10．to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛由于气候的变化导致了海平面的上升，所以这些岛屿变得不再适宜居住。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛位于南太平洋布干维尔东北86公里处，由呈马蹄形分布的低地岛屿组成，总陆地面积0.6平方公里，最高海拔1.5米。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和被修饰的名词islands之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填distributed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特雷特群岛据信已有一千多年的居民历史。本题考查固定句型“sth/sb. be believed to do”，意为“人们相信……”，根据句意可知，人们相信卡特雷特群岛已有一千多年的历史了，所以需要动词不定式的完成式，表示谓语时间之前发生过的事件，或从过去持续到谓语时间的状态，且inhabit与逻辑主语The Carteret Islands是被动关系，故用不定式的完成被动式。故填to have been inhabited。 3．考查形容词。句意：人们非常热情、温柔、平静。本句话为主系表结构，空处需要形容词welcoming“热情的”，作表语。故填welcoming。 4．考查时态语态。句意：现在，随着陆地被不断上涨的海水吞噬，岛民面临着不确定的未来。空处为as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句意及“Now”可知，句子为现在进行时态，而主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is being swallowed。 5．考查地点状语从句。句意：海滩存在于肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方。根据句意可知，由于海水的上升，海滩现在出现在了肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方，所以空处引导地点状语从句。故填where。 6．考查时间状语从句。句意：随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。根据“so do the breeding areas for fish”可知，随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。as可以引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。首字母大写。故填As。 7．考查连词。句意：许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。根据前后语境可知，虽然许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。前后为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。 8．考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛上的居民被称为世界上第一批正式的气候变化难民，因为食物短缺、海平面上升、海岸线下沉以及风暴和潮汐的危险，他们被迫离开家园。根据空后“food shortages, rising sea levels, sinking shorelines, and the dangers of storms and tides”可知，由于空后的这些原因，所以卡特雷特岛上的居民被迫离开家园。固定搭配due to“由于”。故填due to。 9．考查代词。句意：摆在他们面前的是选择留下来看着岛屿缩小并慢慢消失，还是尝试在其他地方重建他们的社区。空处指代前文的the Carteret islanders，意为“卡特雷特岛上的居民”，作介词of的宾语用宾格them。故填them。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛居民的故事说明了小岛屿国家和沿海社区如何成为气候变化导致海平面上升的受害者。固定搭配fall victim to“成为……的牺牲品（或受害者)”，to是介词。故填to。 Passage 1 （2026·上海·二模）Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang. Her passion for Dunhuang 1 (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who 2 (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long 3 he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. 4 (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, 5 is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped 6 (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. Chang Shana made copies of the murals 7 the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and 8 the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career. Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs 9 (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work 10 (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on. 【答案】 1．was inspired 2．had won 3．before 4．Having traveled/Having travelled 5．which 6．funding 7．under 8．how 9．based 10．to make 【导语】文章主要讲述了著名艺术家常沙娜及其父亲常书鸿毕生致力于敦煌艺术的保护、传承与推广的故事，展现了两代人对敦煌文化的深厚情感与卓越贡献。 1．考查时态语态。句意：她对敦煌的热爱受到父亲常书鸿的启发，常书鸿常被称为引入敦煌艺术的先驱。空处为句子谓语，主语Her passion与inspire之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用was。 2．考查时态。句意：1943年，她的父亲当时还是一位在法国赢得过多枚奖牌的有前途的艺术家，在阅读了有关敦煌洞窟艺术的文章后，决心为敦煌做出贡献。根据时间状语In 1943及主句使用一般过去时made up his mind可知，win这一动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时had won。 3．考查连词。句意：没过多久，他就搬到了中国西北甘肃省的一个偏远县城敦煌。It wasn’t long before...是固定句型，表示“没过多久就……”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：1943年秋天，这家人沿着崎岖的道路走了整整一个月，到达了尘土飞扬却令人兴奋的敦煌莫高窟。句中已有谓语arrived at，空处应填非谓语动词。travel这一动作发生在arrived之前，且与主语the family之间是主动关系，应用现在分词的完成式作状语。travel的现在分词完成形式为having travel(l)ed，且句首首字母应大写。 5．考查定语从句。句意：1944年，常书鸿创办了敦煌艺术研究所，即现在的敦煌研究院。此处为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，此时应用which引导。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，战争期间，政府停止了对敦煌艺术研究院的资助。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，空处应用fund的动名词形式funding作宾语。 7．考查介词。句意：常沙娜在父亲、研究所的研究人员和来访艺术家的指导下临摹壁画。under the guidance of...是固定短语，表示“在……的指导下”。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：她了解了很多关于壁画的知识，以及壁画的风格是如何演变的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how引导该宾语从句。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：常完成了许多基于敦煌壁画的关键设计，包括人民大会堂的天花板。句中已有谓语has completed，空处应填非谓语动词，在句中作后置定语修饰designs，base与designs为被动关系，空处应用base的过去分词作based后置定语。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：她现在正与一个电子商务平台合作推广她的作品，以确保这门千年艺术得以延续。句中已有谓语is cooperating with，空处应填非谓语动词，此处为不定式作目的状语，空处应填入to make。 Passage 2 （2026·上海·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can Time-Honored Brands Win Modern Hearts? The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) has launched the 2026 Time-Honored Brands Carnival (嘉年华), a nationwide year-long initiative to show famous national and local traditional brands. The organizers will hold it during traditional festivals, holidays and big exhibitions, 1 (expect) to provide more high-quality products and services and meet people’s wish for a better life. MOFCOM data shows China has 1,455 official time-honored brands, 2 anaverage history of over 145 years. In the age of global economy and changing consumer tastes,these brands, carriers of China’s business culture, 3 (face) great chances andchallenges. The carnival, therefore, is more than a business show. It 4 also serve as a cultural bridge, connecting the past and future, tradition and modern life. Famous for great quality and special features, these products perfectly satisfy modern people’sneed for special and high-end goods. Many brands own special skills and secret recipes, which are valuable cultural heritage. Theywill be visually presented throughout the carnival. For example, Tongrentang’s traditional Chinesemedicine processing techniques 5 (demonstrate) on site. This will bring traditionaltechniques from workshops to the public and stimulate the willingness 6 (learn) and pass them on. 7 makes the carnival distinctive is that it successfully bridges brands and local culture by recreating historical scenes and sharing vivid stories. It can be clearly seen that, in Beijing, the carnival restores the commercial scenes of hutongs, 8 in Shanghai, itplaces greater emphasis on displaying the unique commercial culture shaped by the city’s history.Furthermore, the carnival helps traditional brands integrate naturally into modern life. Manytime-honored tea houses have developed innovative drinks, and the carnival provides a perfect platform 9 these new concepts can be tested and accepted by the public. 10 (support) by rich experiences and various interactive activities, the “culture consumption” model injects new vitality into old brands. And it in turn guides the upgrading andprogress of social consumption. 【答案】 1．expecting 2．with 3．are facing 4．can 5．will be demonstrated 6．to learn 7．What 8．while/whereas/and 9．where 10．Supported 【导语】主要介绍商务部启动2026老字号嘉年华活动，阐述活动举办形式、老字号现状机遇挑战、文化展示方式、地域特色差异以及该活动为老字号融入现代生活、焕发新生机带来的积极作用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：主办方将在传统节日、假期及大型展会期间举办这场活动，期望提供更多优质产品与服务，满足人们对美好生活的向往。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，逻辑主语The organizers与expect之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词expecting。 2．考查介词。句意：商务部数据显示，中国拥有1455家官方老字号，平均历史超过145年。此处表示“带有、具有”某种特征，用介词with。 3．考查动词时态。句意：在全球经济与消费品味不断变化的时代，这些承载中国商业文化的老字号正面临巨大机遇与挑战。此处为谓语动词，结合当下时代背景强调现阶段正在经历，用现在进行时，主语these brands为复数，所以用are facing。 4．考查情态动词。句意：它也能够充当一座文化桥梁，连接过去与未来、传统与现代生活。结合句意表示“能够、可以”，用情态动词can。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：例如，同仁堂的传统中药炮制技艺将在现场进行展示。此处为谓语动词，描述活动将要发生的动作用一般将来时；主语techniques与demonstrate之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为will be demonstrated。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这将把传统技艺从作坊带到大众眼前，激发人们学习并传承这些技艺的意愿。固定搭配the willingness to do sth.，意为“做某事的意愿”，所以用动词不定式to learn。 7．考查主语从句。句意：这场嘉年华的独特之处在于，它通过重现历史场景、讲述生动故事，成功搭建起老字号与地域文化之间的桥梁。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物内容，所以用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母需大写。 8．考查连词。句意：显而易见，在北京，嘉年华还原了胡同商业景象，而在上海，则更侧重展示城市历史孕育的独特商业文化。两者在内容上形成对比或并列关系，描述两个城市的不同侧重点，此处使用连词while/whereas表示对比，也可以使用and表示并列。 9．考查定语从句。句意：许多老字号茶馆研发创新饮品，而嘉年华提供了一个绝佳平台，让这些新理念能够接受大众检验并获得认可。此处引导定语从句，先行词为platform表抽象地点，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：依托丰富体验与多样互动活动，“文化消费”模式为老字号注入了新活力。此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the “culture consumption” model与support之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词supported，位于句首，首字母需大写。 Passage 3 （2026·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There Are No Rules for Success “It’s the Worst Time to Be a College Graduate in Years,” reads a Newsweek headline. For 22-to 30-year old computer-science graduates, employment has been falling. Why? Is it ChatGPT? Late in the economic cycle? No matter, the unwritten social contract for success that 1 (impress) upon you — good grades, job loyalty, retirement account — feels completely broken. It may be time to create your own job. Careers 2 were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to 3 the world is headed is less risky than you think. Progress comes through surprises, not rules, with inventions no one 4 (think) possible. The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years 5 ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition. 6 of these were invented by following the rules, but by coloring outside the lines. Ignore those who tell you to take “ 7 (calculate) risks.” It’s the greatness of risk that provides the potential reward. Do you need universities? It is noted that college graduates have the same jobless rate as those who didn’t get a college degree. So why go? Since 2011, the Thiel Fellowship has paid smart young people $200,000 over two years 8 (build) new things instead of sitting in a classroom. I asked Peter Thiel how it was going. He pointed to more than 300 fellows who have created $750 billion 9 value. No one knows what’s next. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. You’ll make mistakes. You might even fail. So what? If your brain still functions, you can keep 10 (go) until you find success that surprises the world. There are no rules. Do your thing. Accomplish something. 【答案】 1．has been impressed 2．that/which 3．where 4．thought 5．since 6．None 7．calculated 8．to build 9．in 10．going 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在当下就业环境变化下，成功没有规则，鼓励人们创造自己的工作、勇于冒险、发明未来。 1．考查动词语态。句意：那些潜移默化灌输给你、不成文的成功社会契约 —— 优异的成绩、对工作的忠诚、退休储蓄 —— 似乎彻底瓦解了。本空为that引导的定语从句的谓语，impress这一动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，且主语the unwritten social contract与impress为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been impressed。 2．考查定语从句。句意：曾经安全的职业现在也有风险：市场营销人员、一些程序员，甚至可能是律师。空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Careers，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that/which。 3．考查名词性从句。句意：与此同时，顺着进步的浪潮走向世界前进的方向，其风险比你想象的要小。介词to后为宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，用where“……的地方/方向”引导。故填where。 4．考查时态。句意：进步是通过惊喜而非规则实现的，有些发明是人们从未想过可能的。inventions后为定语从句，本空为从句谓语，think这一动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填thought。 5．考查固定句型。句意：ChatGPT向世界展示其能力以来还不到三年。固定句型：It has been + 一段时间 + since...表示“自从……以来已有多久”。故填 since。 6．考查代词。句意：这些发明都不是通过遵守规则，而是通过打破常规创造出来的。根据上文“The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years...ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition.”可知，上文列举了多个发明创造，句子为否定句，应用不定代词none，表示“三者及以上都不”，句首单词首字母大写。故填None。 7．考查形容词。句意：不要理会那些让你去进行“权衡利弊的稳妥冒险”的人。本空修饰名词 risks，需用形容词calculated“精心估算的，权衡过的”，作定语。故填calculated。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：自2011年以来，Thiel奖学金在两年内向聪明的年轻人支付了20万美元，让他们创造新事物，而不是坐在教室里。本空作目的状语，应用不定式形式to build。故填to build。 9．考查介词。句意：他指出，有300多名研究员创造了7500亿美元的价值。in value为固定短语，意为“在价值上”。故填in。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你的大脑仍然能正常运转，你可以继续前进，直到你找到让世界惊讶的成功。keep doing...为固定短语，意为“继续做……”，用动名词作宾语。故填going。 Passage 4 （25-26高三下·上海杨浦·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A simple blood test can reliably detect signs of brain damage in people on the path to 1 (develop) Alzheimer’s disease even before they show signs of confusion and memory loss, a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Germany 2 (show). The researchers studied more than 400 people participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study, 247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives 3 (include). Each participant had previously visited a DIAN clinic to give blood, undergo brain scans and complete cognitive tests. Roughly half had been evaluated more than once, typically about two to three years apart. They found that in those with the faulty gene variant, protein levels were higher at baseline and rose over time. In contrast, protein levels were low and largely steady in people with the healthy form of the gene, and this difference was detectable 16 years 4 cognitive symptoms were expected to arise. Moreover, when the researchers took a look at participants’brain scans, they found that the protein levels rose quickly in step with the speed at which the precuneus, a part of the brain involved in memory, 5 (thin). To find out whether blood protein levels 6 be used to predict cognitive decline, the researchers collected data on 39 people with disease-causing variants when they returned to the clinic an average of two years after their last visit, and found that people 7 blood protein levels had previously risen rapidly were most likely to show signs of brain atrophy and diminished cognitive abilities when they revisited the clinic. All kinds of neurological damage can cause the neurofilament light protein 8 (spill) out of neurons and into blood. Protein levels are high in people with Lewy body dementia and Huntington’s disease. “It is important 9 we confirm our findings in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and define the time period over which neurofilament changes have to be assessed for optimal clinical predictability,” said senior author Mathias Jucker, who leads the DIAN study in Germany. The researchers may one day apply the findings to quickly and inexpensively identify brain damage in people with not just Alzheimer’s disease but other neurodegenerative conditions 10 multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke. 【答案】 1．developing 2．shows 3．included 4．before 5．thinned 6．could 7．whose 8．to spill 9．that 10．like 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明，通过血液检测可以在人们尚未出现意识混乱和记忆丧失等症状、但正处于可能发展为阿尔茨海默病的阶段时，就可靠地检测出脑损伤的迹象。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究表明，一种简单的血液检测可以在人们出现意识混乱和记忆丧失的迹象之前，可靠地检测出那些正发展为阿尔茨海默病的人的脑损伤迹象。空前为介词to，其后需接动名词作宾语。故填developing。 2．考查动词时态。圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究表明，一种简单的血液检测可以在人们出现意识混乱和记忆丧失的迹象之前，可靠地检测出那些正发展为阿尔茨海默病的人的脑损伤迹象。本句描述的是这项研究的结果，为客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语a study为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了参与显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络（DIAN）研究的400多人，其中包括247名携带早发基因变异的人以及162名未受影响的亲属。本句已有谓语studied，空处应填非谓语动词；include与其逻辑主语247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填included。 4．考查连词。句意：相比之下，携带健康基因形式的人的蛋白质水平较低且基本稳定，而这种差异在认知症状预期出现之前的16年就可以检测到。分析句子结构可知，全句为and连接的并列句，and后到句末为第二并列分句。该分句中空格前后都是完整句子，表明空处需填入连词，用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。故填before。 5．考查动词时态。句意：此外，当研究人员查看参与者的脑部扫描时，他们发现蛋白质水平的上升速度与记忆相关的大脑区域楔前叶变薄的速度同步上升。at which到句末为定语从句，空处为定语从句中的谓语动词，描述的是过去发生的变化，应用一般过去时。故填thinned。 6．考查情态动词。句意：为了确定血液中的蛋白质水平是否可以用来预测认知能力下降，研究人员收集了39名携带致病基因变异者的数据，这些人在上次访问后，平均两年的时间返回诊所，结果发现，那些先前血液蛋白质水平迅速上升的人在再次就诊时最有可能显示出脑萎缩和认知能力下降的迹象。空后为be的原形，表明空处需填入情态动词，表示“可以被用来”，且根据本段后文都使用一般过去时描述过去发生的事可知，空处情态动词应用could。故填could。 7．考查定语从句。句意：为了确定血液中的蛋白质水平是否可以用来预测认知能力下降，研究人员收集了39名携带致病基因变异者的数据，这些人在上次访问后，平均两年的时间返回诊所，结果发现，那些先前血液蛋白质水平迅速上升的人在再次就诊时最有可能显示出脑萎缩和认知能力下降的迹象。空处引导定语从句修饰people，且与从句中的blood protein levels构成所属关系，此时应用whose引导定语从句，whose blood protein levels为定语从句中的主语。故填whose。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：各种神经损伤都可能导致神经丝轻链蛋白从神经元中溢出并进入血液。此处为固定搭配cause sb./sth. to do sth.，表示“导致……做……”，空处需填不定式作宾语补足语。故填to spill。 9．考查主语从句。句意：该研究的资深作者、德国DIAN研究负责人Mathias Jucker表示：“我们必须在迟发性阿尔茨海默病中证实我们的发现，并确定评估神经丝变化以获得最佳临床可预测性的时间段，这一点很重要。”此处为固定句型It is important that...，意为“重要的是……”，it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填that。 10．考查介词。句意：研究人员未来或许可以将这些发现用于快速、平价地识别不仅是患有阿尔茨海默病，还患有多发性硬化症、创伤性脑损伤或中风等其他神经退行性疾病患者的脑损伤迹象。空后内容为对空前名词短语other neurodegenerative conditions的举例，空处需填入介词like，意为“例如，像”。故填like。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1 1. that/which 2. what 3. can/may 4. themselves 5. perceived 6. broader 7. how 8. for 9. is not initiated 10. When/If Passage 2 1. that/which 2. how 3. driven 4. where 5. with 6. becomes/has become 7. it 8. even if/even though 9. revealing 10. can Passage 3 1. plays/is playing 2. because 3. motivating 4. why 5. that/which 6. are based 7. must/should 8. more likely 9. persuaded 10. nobody Passage 4 1. tallest 2. to restore 3. Standing 4. strung 5. had been struggling 6. that 7. While/Although/Though 8. What 9. can 10. mixes Passage 5 1. becoming 2. which 3. had had 4. fueled 5. that 6. less creative 7. to end 8. can 9. When 10. without Passage 6 1. If 2. implanted 3. that/which 4. smaller 5. the 6. to make 7. Although/Though/While 8. are caught 9. dying 10. as 语篇类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 1. are taught 2. until 3. that 4. fixing 5. by 6. worse 7. as 8. to be involved 9. to 10. clinging Passage 2 1. What 2. towering 3. as soon as 4. where 5. is named 6. less famous 7. has seen 8. would 9. Despite 10. Backed Passage 3 1. could 2. none 3. forgetting 4. what 5. With 6. unlike 7. are losing/have lost 8. to describe 9. Although/Though/While 10. across Passage 4 1. When 2. greater 3. may/might 4. were 5. the 6. others 7. Through/With 8. which 9. It 10. battling Passage 5 1. conducted 2. whose 3. will 4. when 5. allowing 6. exercised 7. Despite 8. Having produced 9. whether 10. it Passage 6 1. on 2. to reveal 3. even if 4. could 5. made 6. committing 7. more complicated 8. are given 9. who 10. what 语篇类型三: 人与自然（5篇） Passage 1 1. to blame 2. If 3. that 4. carried 5. how 6. worse 7. is used 8. which 9. Despite 10. means Passage 2 1. have been found 2. how 3. when 4. had 5. being 6. It 7. to make 8. which 9. shown 10. with Passage 3 1. means 2. to warn 3. but 4. Although/Though/While 5. have sold 6. challenging 7. under 8. are expected 9. whom 10. generated Passage 4 1. spread 2. To 3. as if/as though 4. should 5. slid 6. that/which 7. it 8. what 9. to emit 10. pounding Passage 5 1. distributed 2. to have been inhabited 3. welcoming 4. is being swallowed 5. where 6. As 7. but 8. due to 9. them 10. to Passage 1（敦煌） 1. was inspired 2. had won 3. before 4. Having traveled/Having travelled 5. which 6. funding 7. under 8. how 9. based 10. to make Passage 2（老字号） 1. expecting 2. with 3. are facing 4. can 5. will be demonstrated 6. to learn 7. What 8. while/whereas/and 9. where 10. Supported Passage 3（成功法则） 1. has been impressed 2. that/which 3. where 4. thought 5. since 6. None 7. calculated 8. to build 9. in 10. going Passage 4（阿尔茨海默病检测） 1. developing 2. shows 3. included 4. before 5. thinned 6. could 7. whose 8. to spill 9. that 10. like 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $