专题01 必修第二册Unit4～Unit6（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期外研版

专题01 必修第二册Unit4~Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 4 Stage and Screen Unit 5 On the Road 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 9个单词拓展背默 二．单词拓展 5个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 四．单元短语 11个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 动词ing形式作状语 六．单元语法 动词ing形式作定语 七．单元写作 影评 七．单元写作 明信片 Unit 6 Earth First 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 9个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 动词ing形式和动词ed形式作补语 七．单元写作 劝告信 Unit 4 Stage and Screen 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． v．使改观，使变形，使转化 2． v．拍(手)，鼓(掌) 3． n．强烈的情感 4． v．(为……)鼓掌 5． adv.极度，极其 6． v．控制(感情)，克服(困难) 7． adj.浪漫的 8． v．(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱 9． adj.紧张的；不舒适的 10． adj.正常的，平常的 11．brilliant adj. 12．broaden vt. 13．budget n． 14．casual adj. 15．cautious adj. 二、单词拓展 1．energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的→ n．精力，活力，能量 2．anger n．愤怒，怒火→ adj.愤怒的 3．combine v．(使)结合，(使)组合→ n．结合；联合体 4．grateful adj.感谢的，感激的→ n．感谢，感激 5．rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→ n．粗鲁，无礼 6．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→ v．使失望→ adj.令人失望的→ n．失望 7．behave v．表现→ n．行为；表现 8．responsibility n．责任→ adj.尽责的；承担责任的 9．absence n．缺乏，没有→ adj.缺席的；不在场的 三、常考单词 1.get across 解释清楚，传达，被理解 get along/on with get around get down to get over get through 2.energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 (1)be energetic in doing sth. (2)energy n. full of energy(＝energetic) have the energy to do sth. 3.emotion n．强烈的情感，情绪 (1)a mixture of emotions (2)emotional adj. emotionally adv. 4.combine v．(使)结合，(使)组合 (1)combine ...with ... combine to do sth. (2)combination n. in combination with 四．单元短语 1． back to追溯到……；从……开始 2．get 解释清楚，传达 3．on the of one’s seat极为激动 4． ...with...与……结合；兼具 5． all the right boxes事情发展如人所愿；一切顺利 6． on表演(节目) 7．be on以……为基础 8． in引起，以……为结局 9．live to符合(标准)，不负(盛名) 10．to some 在某种程度上 11．in one’s right凭借本身，靠自己 12． to转向；求助于 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．So，if you want to see a show ，The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes！所以，如果你想看一场集音乐、歌唱、戏剧、诗歌以及服装设计于一体的有爆炸性影响的演出，《子丹王子复仇记》 符合你所有的要求！ 2．One of the key reasons behind this is while a book usually takes a few days to read，a movie typically lasts under two hours.这背后的一个关键原因是：一部电影通常不到两个小时，而一本书通常需要几天才能读完。 3．Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”， . 很多人认为她辜负了海伦“世上最美女性”的称号，因此在某种程度上影响了大家对这部电影的看法。 4． Perhaps，one day，readers of F．Scott Fitzgerald’s most admired work will by episodes of The Great Gatsby. 或许有一天，弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最受欢迎的作品《了不起的盖茨比》的读者们将发现自己被一集集的电视剧吸引住，不愿离开屏幕。 六．单元语法 动词­ing形式作状语 一、动词­ing形式作状语时的形式 [观察例句] ①They sat in the classroom，reading the books borrowed from the library. ②I stood there motionless，not knowing what to do. ③Having succeeded in the test，he became more confident. ④Not having finished his homework，the boy was still doing it in the classroom. ⑤Having been told several times，he still couldn't understand how to operate the machine. [归纳用法] (1)动词­ing(以do为例)从形式上可分为一般式(doing)与完成式(having done)，其被动语态分别为being done与having been done。 (2)动词­ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或相继发生，其否定式为not doing。 (3)动词­ing形式的完成式作状语，表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。其否定式为not having been done。 二、动词­ing形式作状语的具体情况 1．时间状语 [观察例句] ①Walking in the park，she came across an old friend. ②You should never take a chance while driving a car. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句，有时可在前面加上when或while。例①的Walking＝When she was walking。 2．原因状语 [观察例句] ①Not knowing his address，I couldn't call on him. ②Having eaten at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want to eat there again. ③Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作原因状语时，相当于原因状语从句。例①的Not knowing＝Because I didn't know。 3．伴随或方式状语 [观察例句] ①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. ②He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作伴随或方式状语时，可以转换成并列成分。例①的reading＝and read。 4．条件状语 [观察例句] ①Turning to the left，you will find a path. ②Taking more exercise，you'll become stronger and healthier. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作条件状语时，相当于条件状语从句。例①的Turning＝If you turn。 5．让步状语 [观察例句] ①Having tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties. ②Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university seventeen years ago. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作让步状语时，相当于让步状语从句，例①的Having tried＝Although he had tried。有时可在动词­ing前面加上although/though，even if/even though等。 6．结果状语 [观察例句] ①The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm. ②Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作结果状语时，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，相当于so或so that引导的结果状语从句。例①的breaking＝so that he broke。有时为了突出结果，可在动词­ing前加上thus。 [名师点津] 不定式作结果状语时，表示出人意料的结果，常与only，never连用。 7．评注性状语 [观察例句] ①Generally speaking，children are naturally curious. ②Considering the budget，we have decided to give up the travel plan. [归纳用法] 有些动词­ing形式用于句首，没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这被称为评注性状语。常见的评注性状语有：generally speaking一般说来，frankly speaking坦率地说，roughly speaking大致说来，judging from/by...根据……来判断，considering ...考虑到……，supposing...假如……等。 七．单元写作 Writing——影评 影评是对电影的情节构思、演员技巧、摄影技巧、蕴含的道理及影片的时代意义等进行分析和评论。写作可分为三部分：(1)整体介绍： 可给出所评论电影的基本信息，如电影名、电影类型、导演和主演等；(2)正文部分： 从背景、情节、演技、音乐、特效及主题等方面进行评论；(3)结尾：给出自己或观众对该电影的评价，也可向读者推荐该电影作品。 一、常用短语 1.apart from　除……以外 2.scientific fiction 科幻小说 3.be set in 以……为背景 4.be concerned with 涉及 5.in spite of 尽管 二、常用句式 1....is the most popular film of the year whose director is...and the leading actors are... 2.It tells the story of a young man who fights against destiny and eventually succeeds. 3.Set in the background of the late 90s，the movie reminds many people of the period of... 4.In the movie，...is a naughty boy who always causes trouble to his parents. 5.However，he is warm-hearted and always helps those who... 6.The main theme of the movie is about the growth of...who is considered... 7.The whole story develops in an atmosphere of...and ends in a touching way. 8.The growth of...reflects many people in our life who just complain about...but never... 假定你是李华，你校于世界动物日在学校礼堂放映了美国电影《一条狗的回家路》，请你根据表格提示，介绍并评论这部电影。 英文名称 A Dog’s Way Home 类型 冒险 导演 查尔斯·马丁·史密斯(Charles Martin Smith) 剧情 一只名叫贝拉的狗，在与主人失散后走上了一条充满未知的冒险回家路。 主题 动物应该被善待；人与狗之间互通的情感；对“家”的追寻与渴望。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 影评 人称 第三人称 时态 一般现在时 框架 第一段：从整体上简要介绍电影的相关信息 第二段：对该电影的各个方面做出评论 第三段：进行总结 第二步　要点翻译 1.电影《一条狗的回家路》是一部冒险片。 The film A Dog’s Way Home is . 2.它是由查尔斯·马丁·史密斯导演的。 It Charles Martin Smith. 3.这部电影讲述了一只叫贝拉的狗的故事。 The film tells the story of a dog _Bella. 4.它走了四百英里寻找家。 It travels four hundred miles her home. 5.在贝拉回家的路上，她克服了各种困难，甚至几次面临着失去生命的危险。 On Bella’s way home，she overcomes various difficulties and even faces the risk of for several times. 6.贝拉从未放弃，最后终于找到了回家的路。 Bella never and finally makes her way home. 7.电影情节流畅感人，狗狗贝拉这个角色形象引起了观众的怜悯。 The plot of the film is ，and the character Bella’s image as a dog arouses the audience’s pity. 8.有些部分是幽默的，而另一些是令人兴奋的。 Some parts are humorous . 第三步　词句升级 1.将句1和句2合并为含有过去分词短语作定语的句子 The film A Dog’s Way Home is an adventure film directed by Charles Martin Smith. 2.将句3和句4合并为含有定语从句的复合句 The film tells the story of a dog named Bella who travels four hundred miles in search of her home. 第四步　连句成篇 Unit 5 On the Road 一、核心单词 1． n．目的地，终点 2． n．美术馆，画廊 3． v．离开(工作岗位、学校等)；离任 4． n．路线 5． adv.在船(飞机、火车)上 6． v．在……徒步旅行，远足 7． n．预算 8． n．连锁店，连锁集团 9． n．现款，现金 10． n．航班，班机 11．ceremony n． 12．challenge n． 13．champion n． 14．charity n． 15．charming adj. 二、单词拓展 1．profession n．(需要高等教育和训练的)专业，行业→ adj.专业的，职业的 2．previous adj.以前的，先前的→ adv.以前 3．dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人印象深刻的→ adv.戏剧性地 4．remote adj.偏僻的，偏远的→ adv.远程地 5．engage v．参与，参加→ adj.有人用的，占线的，忙碌的 三、常考单词 1.be determined to do sth.决心做某事 (1)determined adj. be determined that ... (2)determine v. determine to do sth. (3)determination n. with determination 2.be used to 习惯于 be used to (doing) sth. get/become used to (doing) sth. be used to do sth. used to do sth. 3.only if引导条件状语从句 (1)only if意为“只有”，引导条件状语从句，only起强调作用。 (2)only if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 [知识拓展] (1)if only意为“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常常表示强烈的愿望或遗憾。 (2)if only后的句子中谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来难以实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。 四．单元短语 1． ...as...把……当作…… 2．come 实现 3．in 尤其；特别是 4．when it to谈到……；提及…… 5．become with熟悉…… 6．make sb. of让某人意识到 7． to do sth.设法/最终做成了某事 8．can’t wait do sth.迫不及待地做某事 9． up接载；捡起；拾起 10．fall 入睡；睡着 11．keep in 保持联系 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．In less than 18 months， over 200,000 people ！在不到18个月的时间里， 有20多万人阅读了我的博客！ 2．If I can do something to ，then that’s part of the solution. 如果我能够做点什么让人们意识到这个问题，那么那就是解决办法的一部分。 3．We started from Vancouver， we picked up our vehicle for the trip—a home on wheels. 我们从温哥华出发，在那儿我们开上我们这次旅行的交通工具——一辆房车。 4．I’ asleep， I heard Dad’s phone ringing. 听到爸爸的电话响的时候我已经睡着了。 六．单元语法 动词­ing形式作定语 一、表示属性、作用或用途 [观察例句] ①There' s always plenty to read in the waiting room. ②They set up an operating table in a small temple. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，相当于介词for短语，常置于被修饰词之前。例如the waiting room＝the room for waiting；an operating table＝a table for operation。 二、表示动作或状态 [观察例句] ①The youth of our country are often compared to the rising sun. ②The boy sitting beside Mr.Wang is our monitor. ③The houses being built are for the teachers. [归纳用法] (1)表示被修饰词的动作或存在的状态，与被修饰词之间为主动关系时用doing，与被修饰词之间为被动关系时用being done。 (2)表示动作或状态时，动词­ing形式在功能上相当于一个定语从句。如the rising sun＝the sun that/which is rising；the houses being built＝the houses that/which are being built。 (3)单个的动词­ing形式作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；动词­ing短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。 三、形容词化的动词­ing形式 [观察例句] ①That must have been a terrifying experience. ②A good teacher knows how to turn a boring lesson into an interesting one. ③The disappointing boy is always making trouble in class. [归纳用法] 有些动词­ing形式已经转化为形容词，常作定语修饰物，有时也可修饰人，表示“令人……的”。 七．单元写作 Writing——明信片 明信片是人们广结朋友、交流感情、传递信息的一种有效工具，也是一份非常有意义的礼物。它是简化的书信表达形式，不同主题的明信片内容新颖，形式多样。在写作时，同学们可根据自己与收信人的关系来确定是否采用正式格式。在用于给亲人或熟识的朋友时，可采用简便格式，包括日期、称呼、正文、结束语(祝福语)、签名及收信人地址等。在旅行主题的明信片写作中，同学们可以将时间、地点、路线、见闻及感受等告知对方。 一、常用短语 1.pay a visit to参观 2.at the foot of 在……脚下 3.scenic spot 景点 4.have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 5.look forward to 期盼 二、常用句式 1.How is it going? It has been a long time since we saw each other last time. 2.How do you like your trip to...? 3.What have you seen during your trip and what has left the deepest impression on you? 4.I believe you are having a great time in...now，because... 5.So far I have been to many famous tourist spots，including... 6.On the first day，we visited...and spent the whole day there. 7.Our next destination is...which we have been expecting to visit for a long time. 8.Please send me a postcard about the places that you have been to. 假定你是李华，在海南旅游，收到朋友Sam的来信，询问你的旅游行程。请用明信片的方式给他回信介绍情况。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 应用文 人称 第一人称 时态 一般现在时 框架 第一段和第二段：介绍旅游行程 第三段：个人感受 第二步　要点翻译 1.我和家人在海南旅行了不到七天。 I for less than seven days in Hainan with my family. 2.目前，我住在三亚。它位于中国的南部。 At the moment，I am staying at Sanya.It . 3.下飞机后，我们欣赏了美丽的景色。 After we ，we enjoyed the beautiful scenery. 4.当我们在海滩附近的一家海鲜餐厅吃午饭时，我与一个来自非洲的年轻人成了新朋友。 When we at a seafood restaurant near the beach，I a young man from Africa. 5.他着迷于中国文化，已经游览了好几个风景名胜。 He e and has travelled several places of interest. 第三步　词句升级 1.用定语从句改写句2 At the moment，I am staying at Sanya . 2.用can’t wait改写句3 After we got off the plane，we the beautiful scenery. 3.用状语从句的省略改写句4 ，I made a new friend with a young man from Africa. 4.用定语从句将句4和句5合并为一个复合句 When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach，I made a new friend with a young man from Africa and has travelled several places of interest. 第四步　连句成篇 7 July Hi，Sam It is definitely an exciting trip.If I have a chance，I will be more than happy to visit the place again. Sincerely yours， Li Hua Unit 6 Earth First 一、核心单词 1． v．把……作为目标 2． n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 3． v．使……突出，使注意力集中于 4． v．建立，设立 5． v．释放，排放 6． adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的 7． n．(尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲 8． n．多数，大多数(人或物) 9． n．(宣传)活动 10． adj.平均(数)的 11．civilization n． 12．classical adj. 13．clarify vt. 14．classify vt. 15．coincidence n． 二、单词拓展 1．fortunately adv.幸运地→ adj.幸运的 2．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→ adj.挚爱的；投入的→ n．致力；献身 3．cruelty n．残忍，残酷，残暴→ adj.残忍的；残酷的→ adv.残忍地；残酷地 4．hunting n．打猎，狩猎→ v．打猎，狩猎 5．fog n．雾→foggy adj.多雾的；有雾的 6．permission n．允许，许可→ v．允许；许可 n．许可证 7．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→ adj.紧急的；急迫的 8．concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→ v．担忧；涉及 n．担忧 9．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献，捐献→ n．贡献 三、常考单词 1.scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 n．恐慌，惊吓 (1)scare ...away/off scare ...to death scare sb.into doing sth. scare sb.out of one's mind/skin (2)scared adj. be scared of (3)scary adj. 2.due to 由于，因为 due adj. be due to sb. be due to do sth. 3.rather than 而不是 (1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，后接名词、代词、介词(短语)、v.­ing形式及不定式。当rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与它前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)other than more than 4.be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……” In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕。 句式分析：was diving when为句式“be doing...when...”，其中when是并列连词，意为“就在那时”，相当于and then或 and at the same time。 [知识拓展] when作并列连词还用于以下句型： (1)be about to do/be on the point of doing...when.. (2)had just/ hardly done ...when ... 四．单元短语 1． to参考；涉及；指的是 2． to由于，因为 3．be of害怕…… 4．have an upon对……有影响 5．come 偶然遇到 6． than而不是 7．take 采取措施 8． ...for...把……误当作…… 9．break 分解；出故障；谈判失败；(健康、精神等)垮掉 10．common 常识 11．take...into 把……考虑进去 12． on号召 五．单元佳句 1．This was due to fear of sharks， finning. 这不仅是因为对鲨鱼的恐惧，而且还是为了切去鱼鳍。 2．In 1980，Benchley he came across an awful sight.在1980年，本奇正在潜水，这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。 3．Fortunately， who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks.幸运的是，并不是所有看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都害怕鲨鱼。 4．Order less and take leftover food home in restaurants.在饭店吃饭时少点餐并把剩菜带回家。 六．单元语法 动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作补语 一、感官动词后的补语 [观察例句] ①When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women arguing. ②When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. ③Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? ④To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. ⑤He was just about to sit down when he felt something moving near his feet. [归纳用法] 1．感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，find，discover，catch(当场发现)，hear，listen to，feel，sense(意识到)等后的复合宾语中，若作补语的动词与其前的宾语之间为主动关系，则用动词­ing形式作补语；若为被动关系，则用动词­ed形式作补语。 2．变成被动语态后宾补就成了主补，形式不发生变化。 二、使役动词后的补语 [观察例句] ①He had us laughing by telling jokes all through the meal. ②He had had his leg injured trying to save a mate from a pile of coal. ③He can't have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. ④You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. ⑤Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. ⑥The photographs made me think back to my schooldays. [归纳用法] 1．使役动词 have，get，keep，leave等后的复合宾语中，可用动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作补语，其规则同感官动词。 2．使役动词make，let后不跟动词­ing形式作补语，若作补语的动词与其前的宾语之间为主动关系时，用不带to的不定式。 三、with复合结构中的补语 [观察例句] ①With the exam approaching，it is a good idea to review your class notes. ②With his homework finished，he went out to play. [归纳用法] 在“with＋宾语＋补语”的复合结构中，可用动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作补语，其规则同感官动词和使役动词。 七．单元写作 Writing——劝告信 本单元的写作任务是写一封劝告信。劝告信是书信的一种，属于应用文文体。劝告信的主要写作特点是表达得体、简洁，让人能够愉快地接受。 要想写好一封劝告信，通常有以下几个步骤： 1.提出问题 开门见山，说明写信的目的，提出发现的问题。 2.分析问题 分析问题并找到问题产生的原因。 3.提出劝告 找到问题产生的原因之后，接下来就要“对症下药”，即提出自己的建议或者劝告。 一、常用短语 1.make a contribution作出贡献 2.pay attention to注意 3.call on号召 4.take action采取行动 5.make a difference有影响 6.result in导致 二、常用句式 1.开头 ①We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of...我们写这封信是为了提高你对……的认识。 ②I’m writing to persuade you to...我写信是想说服你…… ③Here I’d like to give my advice on...在这里，我想就……提出我的建议。 ④I will try my best to make some constructive suggestions. 我会尽力提出一些建设性的建议。 2.正文 ①I would like to suggest...我建议…… ②I hope that you will consider...我希望你能考虑…… ③In order to...we propose that...为了……我们建议…… ④When it comes to/As for...I would like to suggest/recommend... 涉及/关于……我想建议…… ⑤One of the reasons for this is...这样做的一个原因是…… ⑥First of all，I think it would be better if...首先，我认为如果……将会更好 3.结尾 ①I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you. 我希望你会认为这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。 ②I hope you will take my advice into consideration./If you have any questions or requirements，please do not hesitate to tell me./If you have any questions，please feel free to ask me at any time. 我希望你会考虑我的建议。/如果你有任何问题或要求，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。/如果你有任何问题，请随时问我。 ③I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。 假设你是高中生李华，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(to scribble)和乱丢垃圾(to litter)的行为，请用英语给校长写一封信。信中应包括以下内容： 1.说明写信目的； 2.对这些行为进行批评； 3.提出建议。 注意：1.信的开头、落款及信的第一句已给出； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr.Headmaster， I am Li Hua，a student from Class One，Senior Two. Yours faithfully， Li Hua 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 劝告信 人称 第一人称 时态 一般现在时 框架 第一段：说明写信目的 第二段：对这些行为进行批评并提出建议 第二步　要点翻译 1.我写信是想提醒你注意学生中存在的乱丢垃圾和随意涂写的不良行为。 I am writing some improper behaviour among us students：littering and scribbling. 2.我担心这会使得我们的校园变得肮脏、令人不愉快并有损我们学校的形象。 I and unpleasant and does harm to the image of our school. 3.无论何时看到这种行为，我都会感到羞愧。 I always feel ashamed . 4.一些学生缺乏环保意识。 Some students environmental protection. 第三步　词句升级 1.用定语从句改写句2 2.用reason作主语，并用表语从句改写句4  第四步　连句成篇 Dear Mr.Headmaster， I am Li Hua，a student from Class One，Senior Two. I believe that，with these efforts，our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully， Li Hua 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．Her decision to put off the concert is bound to (使失望) her fans. 2．In her speech，she expressed mixed at her winning the competition. 3．The new model a telephone and a fax machine，which is very popular. 4．This is just one of her (喜剧) that she has written in the past five years. 5．The audience laughed and warmly when Wu Jing stepped on the stage. 6．We have prepared a beautiful (纪念品) for you. 7．If you can’t deliver goods on time，it will affect the of your store. 8．To their satisfaction，the project was finished not only ahead of schedule but within (预算)． 9．I am really very lucky to get the chance to choose a in a foreign country to travel. 10．He has been to a (偏远的) village to do some voluntary work for two months. 11．The table took up too much space，so the man decided to have it . 12．The school has (建立) a successful relationship with the local community. 13．The of the parents in China are concerned about their children’s education. 14．Teenagers are (破坏) their health because they play computer games too much. 15．These are the people that have (做贡献) more to the development of the Internet. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1．“Would you really help？” he said with an (appeal) look. 2．It’s (amaze) how often you see drivers using mobile phones. 3．It was his (absent) of mind during driving that caused the accident. 4．The father of a family should have more sense of (responsible)． 5．They had an (arrange) that the children would spend two weeks with each parent. 6．Events could have developed in a (dramatic) different way. 7．The girl had to quit (learn) painting because her parents couldn’t pay the fee for her. 8．The machine can be (remote) operated and monitored. 9．Most of the people on the course were (profession) women. 10．If we invest little time in a person，our (engage) with that person will decline. 11．It is not possible to (infection) another person through kissing. 12．You can’t take photographs in the museum without (permit)． 13．Nowadays more and more people，young and old，are (concern) about their health. 14．An activity is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from (extinct)． 15．If you speak in an (urge) way，you are anxious for people to notice something. 三、完成句子。 1．你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。(combine with) 2．在这个时候他还能如此冷静，真让她感到惊讶。(amaze；it作形式主语) . 3．谁为这次事故负责，司机还是行人？(be responsible for) ? 4．未能说服他改变主意，我非常失望。(disappointed) . 5．警方呼吁公众保持镇静。(appeal n．) . 6．她已经尽最大努力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。(be particular about) . 7．他迫不及待地要把他的作品给他的老师看。(can’t wait to do) . 8．无论他走到哪儿，都会有一大群粉丝等着欢迎他。(masses of) . 9．她不但对我们很友好，而且还用很幽默的方式教学。[not only...but (also)．.. us friendly in a humorous way. 10．我正沿着河边走，突然听见求助的叫喊声。(be doing...when...) I heard a cry for help. 11．并非每个人都喜欢骑自行车上班。(部分否定) to work./ to work. 12．回来的时候，她把Bernard也带来了。(when doing) ，she brought Bernard with her. $专题01 必修第二册Unit4~Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 4 Stage and Screen Unit 5 On the Road 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 9个单词拓展背默 二．单词拓展 5个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 三．常考单词 3个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 四．单元短语 11个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 动词ing形式作状语 六．单元语法 动词ing形式作定语 七．单元写作 影评 七．单元写作 明信片 Unit 6 Earth First 一．核心单词 15个核心单词背默 二．单词拓展 9个单词拓展背默 三．常考单词 4个常考单词解析 四．单元短语 12个单元短语背默 五．单元佳句 4个单元佳句背默 六．单元语法 动词ing形式和动词ed形式作补语 七．单元写作 劝告信 Unit 4 Stage and Screen 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．transform v．使改观，使变形，使转化 2．clap v．拍(手)，鼓(掌) 3．emotion n．强烈的情感 4．applaud v．(为……)鼓掌 5．extremely adv.极度，极其 6．overcome v．控制(感情)，克服(困难) 7．romantic adj.浪漫的 8．escape v．(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱 9．awkward adj.紧张的；不舒适的 10．normal adj.正常的，平常的 11．brilliant adj.光亮的；极好的 12．broaden vt.拓宽 13．budget n．预算 14．casual adj.随意的；不定期的 15．cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的 二、单词拓展 1．energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的→energy n．精力，活力，能量 2．anger n．愤怒，怒火→angry adj.愤怒的 3．combine v．(使)结合，(使)组合→combination n．结合；联合体 4．grateful adj.感谢的，感激的→gratitude n．感谢，感激 5．rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→rudeness n．粗鲁，无礼 6．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望 7．behave v．表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；表现 8．responsibility n．责任→responsible adj.尽责的；承担责任的 9．absence n．缺乏，没有→absent adj.缺席的；不在场的 三、常考单词 1.get across 解释清楚，传达，被理解 get along/on with 与……相处；进展 get around 到处走动(旅行)；(消息、谣言等)传播开来 get down to 开始认真做 get over 克服；恢复 get through 通过；完成；接通(电话) 2.energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 (1)be energetic in doing sth. 积极做某事 (2)energy n. 精力，活力；能量，能源 full of energy(＝energetic) 精力充沛的 have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事 3.emotion n．强烈的情感，情绪 (1)a mixture of emotions 百感交集 (2)emotional adj. 感情的，情绪的 emotionally adv. 感情上，情绪上 4.combine v．(使)结合，(使)组合 (1)combine ...with ... 把……与……结合在一起 combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事 (2)combination n. 结合，组合，联合 in combination with 与……结合/联合 四．单元短语 1．date back to追溯到……；从……开始 2．get across解释清楚，传达 3．on the edge of one’s seat极为激动 4．combine...with...与……结合；兼具 5．tick all the right boxes事情发展如人所愿；一切顺利 6．put on表演(节目) 7．be based on以……为基础 8．result in引起，以……为结局 9．live up to符合(标准)，不负(盛名) 10．to some extent在某种程度上 11．in one’s own right凭借本身，靠自己 12．turn to转向；求助于 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．So，if you want to see a show that combines music，singing，drama，poetry and costume design with explosive effect，The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes！所以，如果你想看一场集音乐、歌唱、戏剧、诗歌以及服装设计于一体的有爆炸性影响的演出，《子丹王子复仇记》 符合你所有的要求！ 2．One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read，a movie typically lasts under two hours.这背后的一个关键原因是：一部电影通常不到两个小时，而一本书通常需要几天才能读完。 3．Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent. 很多人认为她辜负了海伦“世上最美女性”的称号，因此在某种程度上影响了大家对这部电影的看法。 4．Perhaps，one day，readers of F．Scott Fitzgerald’s most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby. 或许有一天，弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最受欢迎的作品《了不起的盖茨比》的读者们将发现自己被一集集的电视剧吸引住，不愿离开屏幕。 六．单元语法 动词­ing形式作状语 一、动词­ing形式作状语时的形式 [观察例句] ①They sat in the classroom，reading the books borrowed from the library. ②I stood there motionless，not knowing what to do. ③Having succeeded in the test，he became more confident. ④Not having finished his homework，the boy was still doing it in the classroom. ⑤Having been told several times，he still couldn't understand how to operate the machine. [归纳用法] (1)动词­ing(以do为例)从形式上可分为一般式(doing)与完成式(having done)，其被动语态分别为being done与having been done。 (2)动词­ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或相继发生，其否定式为not doing。 (3)动词­ing形式的完成式作状语，表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。其否定式为not having been done。 二、动词­ing形式作状语的具体情况 1．时间状语 [观察例句] ①Walking in the park，she came across an old friend. ②You should never take a chance while driving a car. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句，有时可在前面加上when或while。例①的Walking＝When she was walking。 2．原因状语 [观察例句] ①Not knowing his address，I couldn't call on him. ②Having eaten at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want to eat there again. ③Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作原因状语时，相当于原因状语从句。例①的Not knowing＝Because I didn't know。 3．伴随或方式状语 [观察例句] ①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. ②He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作伴随或方式状语时，可以转换成并列成分。例①的reading＝and read。 4．条件状语 [观察例句] ①Turning to the left，you will find a path. ②Taking more exercise，you'll become stronger and healthier. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作条件状语时，相当于条件状语从句。例①的Turning＝If you turn。 5．让步状语 [观察例句] ①Having tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties. ②Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university seventeen years ago. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作让步状语时，相当于让步状语从句，例①的Having tried＝Although he had tried。有时可在动词­ing前面加上although/though，even if/even though等。 6．结果状语 [观察例句] ①The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm. ②Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作结果状语时，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，相当于so或so that引导的结果状语从句。例①的breaking＝so that he broke。有时为了突出结果，可在动词­ing前加上thus。 [名师点津] 不定式作结果状语时，表示出人意料的结果，常与only，never连用。 7．评注性状语 [观察例句] ①Generally speaking，children are naturally curious. ②Considering the budget，we have decided to give up the travel plan. [归纳用法] 有些动词­ing形式用于句首，没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这被称为评注性状语。常见的评注性状语有：generally speaking一般说来，frankly speaking坦率地说，roughly speaking大致说来，judging from/by...根据……来判断，considering ...考虑到……，supposing...假如……等。 七．单元写作 Writing——影评 影评是对电影的情节构思、演员技巧、摄影技巧、蕴含的道理及影片的时代意义等进行分析和评论。写作可分为三部分：(1)整体介绍： 可给出所评论电影的基本信息，如电影名、电影类型、导演和主演等；(2)正文部分： 从背景、情节、演技、音乐、特效及主题等方面进行评论；(3)结尾：给出自己或观众对该电影的评价，也可向读者推荐该电影作品。 一、常用短语 1.apart from　除……以外 2.scientific fiction 科幻小说 3.be set in 以……为背景 4.be concerned with 涉及 5.in spite of 尽管 二、常用句式 1....is the most popular film of the year whose director is...and the leading actors are... 2.It tells the story of a young man who fights against destiny and eventually succeeds. 3.Set in the background of the late 90s，the movie reminds many people of the period of... 4.In the movie，...is a naughty boy who always causes trouble to his parents. 5.However，he is warm-hearted and always helps those who... 6.The main theme of the movie is about the growth of...who is considered... 7.The whole story develops in an atmosphere of...and ends in a touching way. 8.The growth of...reflects many people in our life who just complain about...but never... 假定你是李华，你校于世界动物日在学校礼堂放映了美国电影《一条狗的回家路》，请你根据表格提示，介绍并评论这部电影。 英文名称 A Dog’s Way Home 类型 冒险 导演 查尔斯·马丁·史密斯(Charles Martin Smith) 剧情 一只名叫贝拉的狗，在与主人失散后走上了一条充满未知的冒险回家路。 主题 动物应该被善待；人与狗之间互通的情感；对“家”的追寻与渴望。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 影评 人称 第三人称 时态 一般现在时 框架 第一段：从整体上简要介绍电影的相关信息 第二段：对该电影的各个方面做出评论 第三段：进行总结 第二步　要点翻译 1.电影《一条狗的回家路》是一部冒险片。 The film A Dog’s Way Home is an_adventure_film. 2.它是由查尔斯·马丁·史密斯导演的。 It is directed_by Charles Martin Smith. 3.这部电影讲述了一只叫贝拉的狗的故事。 The film tells the story of a dog named_Bella. 4.它走了四百英里寻找家。 It travels four hundred miles in_search_of her home. 5.在贝拉回家的路上，她克服了各种困难，甚至几次面临着失去生命的危险。 On Bella’s way home，she overcomes various difficulties and even faces the risk of losing her life for several times. 6.贝拉从未放弃，最后终于找到了回家的路。 Bella never gives up and finally makes her way home. 7.电影情节流畅感人，狗狗贝拉这个角色形象引起了观众的怜悯。 The plot of the film is smooth_and_touching，and the character Bella’s image as a dog arouses the audience’s pity. 8.有些部分是幽默的，而另一些是令人兴奋的。 Some parts are humorous while__others__are__exciting. 第三步　词句升级 1.将句1和句2合并为含有过去分词短语作定语的句子 The film A Dog’s Way Home is an adventure film directed by Charles Martin Smith. 2.将句3和句4合并为含有定语从句的复合句 The film tells the story of a dog named Bella who travels four hundred miles in search of her home. 第四步　连句成篇 The film A Dog’s Way Home is an adventure film directed by Charles Martin Smith.The film tells the story of a dog named Bella who travels four hundred miles in search of her home. On Bella’s way home，she overcomes various difficulties and even faces the risk of losing her life for several times.However，Bella never gives up and finally makes her way home.The plot of the film is smooth and touching，and the character Bella’s image as a dog arouses the audience’s pity.Some parts are humorous while others are exciting.Besides，the friendship between Bella and other characters is heartwarming. Animals are human’s friends and should be treated kindly.May all of the abandoned dogs find their homes. Unit 5 On the Road 一、核心单词 1．destination n．目的地，终点 2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊 3．quit v．离开(工作岗位、学校等)；离任 4．route n．路线 5．aboard adv.在船(飞机、火车)上 6．hike v．在……徒步旅行，远足 7．budget n．预算 8．chain n．连锁店，连锁集团 9．cash n．现款，现金 10．flight n．航班，班机 11．ceremony n．仪式；典礼 12．challenge n．挑战；怀疑 13．champion n．冠军，优胜者 14．charity n．慈善机构；慈善团体 15．charming adj.迷人的；有魅力的 二、单词拓展 1．profession n．(需要高等教育和训练的)专业，行业→professional adj.专业的，职业的 2．previous adj.以前的，先前的→previously adv.以前 3．dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人印象深刻的→dramatically adv.戏剧性地 4．remote adj.偏僻的，偏远的→remotely adv.远程地 5．engage v．参与，参加→engaged adj.有人用的，占线的，忙碌的 三、常考单词 1.be determined to do sth.决心做某事 (1)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的 be determined that ... 决定……；坚信…… (2)determine v. 决定；下定决心 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 (3)determination n. 坚定；决心 with determination 坚决地 2.be used to 习惯于 be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(强调状态) get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(强调动作) be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 3.only if引导条件状语从句 (1)only if意为“只有”，引导条件状语从句，only起强调作用。 (2)only if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 [知识拓展] (1)if only意为“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常常表示强烈的愿望或遗憾。 (2)if only后的句子中谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来难以实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。 四．单元短语 1．regard...as...把……当作…… 2．come true实现 3．in particular尤其；特别是 4．when it comes to谈到……；提及…… 5．become familiar with熟悉…… 6．make sb.aware of让某人意识到 7．manage to do sth.设法/最终做成了某事 8．can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事 9．pick up接载；捡起；拾起 10．fall asleep入睡；睡着 11．keep in touch保持联系 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．In less than 18 months，there were over 200,000 people reading my blog！在不到18个月的时间里， 有20多万人阅读了我的博客！ 2．If I can do something to make others aware of the problem，then that’s part of the solution. 如果我能够做点什么让人们意识到这个问题，那么那就是解决办法的一部分。 3．We started from Vancouver，where we picked up our vehicle for the trip—a home on wheels. 我们从温哥华出发，在那儿我们开上我们这次旅行的交通工具——一辆房车。 4．I’d fallen asleep，when I heard Dad’s phone ringing. 听到爸爸的电话响的时候我已经睡着了。 六．单元语法 动词­ing形式作定语 一、表示属性、作用或用途 [观察例句] ①There' s always plenty to read in the waiting room. ②They set up an operating table in a small temple. [归纳用法] 动词­ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，相当于介词for短语，常置于被修饰词之前。例如the waiting room＝the room for waiting；an operating table＝a table for operation。 二、表示动作或状态 [观察例句] ①The youth of our country are often compared to the rising sun. ②The boy sitting beside Mr.Wang is our monitor. ③The houses being built are for the teachers. [归纳用法] (1)表示被修饰词的动作或存在的状态，与被修饰词之间为主动关系时用doing，与被修饰词之间为被动关系时用being done。 (2)表示动作或状态时，动词­ing形式在功能上相当于一个定语从句。如the rising sun＝the sun that/which is rising；the houses being built＝the houses that/which are being built。 (3)单个的动词­ing形式作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；动词­ing短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。 三、形容词化的动词­ing形式 [观察例句] ①That must have been a terrifying experience. ②A good teacher knows how to turn a boring lesson into an interesting one. ③The disappointing boy is always making trouble in class. [归纳用法] 有些动词­ing形式已经转化为形容词，常作定语修饰物，有时也可修饰人，表示“令人……的”。 七．单元写作 Writing——明信片 明信片是人们广结朋友、交流感情、传递信息的一种有效工具，也是一份非常有意义的礼物。它是简化的书信表达形式，不同主题的明信片内容新颖，形式多样。在写作时，同学们可根据自己与收信人的关系来确定是否采用正式格式。在用于给亲人或熟识的朋友时，可采用简便格式，包括日期、称呼、正文、结束语(祝福语)、签名及收信人地址等。在旅行主题的明信片写作中，同学们可以将时间、地点、路线、见闻及感受等告知对方。 一、常用短语 1.pay a visit to参观 2.at the foot of 在……脚下 3.scenic spot 景点 4.have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 5.look forward to 期盼 二、常用句式 1.How is it going? It has been a long time since we saw each other last time. 2.How do you like your trip to...? 3.What have you seen during your trip and what has left the deepest impression on you? 4.I believe you are having a great time in...now，because... 5.So far I have been to many famous tourist spots，including... 6.On the first day，we visited...and spent the whole day there. 7.Our next destination is...which we have been expecting to visit for a long time. 8.Please send me a postcard about the places that you have been to. 假定你是李华，在海南旅游，收到朋友Sam的来信，询问你的旅游行程。请用明信片的方式给他回信介绍情况。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 应用文 人称 第一人称 时态 一般现在时 框架 第一段和第二段：介绍旅游行程 第三段：个人感受 第二步　要点翻译 1.我和家人在海南旅行了不到七天。 I have been on a trip for less than seven days in Hainan with my family. 2.目前，我住在三亚。它位于中国的南部。 At the moment，I am staying at Sanya.It lies in the south of China. 3.下飞机后，我们欣赏了美丽的景色。 After we got off the plane，we enjoyed the beautiful scenery. 4.当我们在海滩附近的一家海鲜餐厅吃午饭时，我与一个来自非洲的年轻人成了新朋友。 When we were having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach，I made a new friend with a young man from Africa. 5.他着迷于中国文化，已经游览了好几个风景名胜。 He is attracted to Chinese culture and has travelled several places of interest. 第三步　词句升级 1.用定语从句改写句2 At the moment，I am staying at Sanya which lies in the south of China. 2.用can’t wait改写句3 After we got off the plane，we couldn’t wait to enjoy the beautiful scenery. 3.用状语从句的省略改写句4 When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach，I made a new friend with a young man from Africa. 4.用定语从句将句4和句5合并为一个复合句 When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach，I made a new friend with a young man from Africa who is attracted to Chinese culture and has travelled several places of interest. 第四步　连句成篇 7 July Hi，Sam I have been on a trip for less than seven days in Hainan with my family.At the moment，I’m staying at Sanya which lies in the south of China.We went there by plane.After we got off the plane，we couldn’t wait to enjoy the beautiful scenery.The weather is a little hot but the sky is extremely clear.You can see crowds of visitors—the young，the old...on the island. Some are surfing and others diving in the deeper part of the sea.We are excited to see some special trees and plants along the road.When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach，I made a new friend with a young man from Africa who is attracted to Chinese culture and has travelled several places of interest. It is definitely an exciting trip.If I have a chance，I will be more than happy to visit the place again. Sincerely yours， Li Hua Unit 6 Earth First 一、核心单词 1．target v．把……作为目标 2．attitude n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 3．highlight v．使……突出，使注意力集中于 4．establish v．建立，设立 5．release v．释放，排放 6．severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的 7．lecture n．(尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲 8．majority n．多数，大多数(人或物) 9．campaign n．(宣传)活动 10．average adj.平均(数)的 11．civilization n．文明；教化 12．classical adj.传统的；古典的 13．clarify vt.澄清；阐明 14．classify vt.分类 15．coincidence n．碰巧；巧合 二、单词拓展 1．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的 2．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的；投入的→devotion n．致力；献身 3．cruelty n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地 4．hunting n．打猎，狩猎→hunt v．打猎，狩猎 5．fog n．雾→foggy adj.多雾的；有雾的 6．permission n．允许，许可→permit v．允许；许可 n．许可证 7．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 8．concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→concern v．担忧；涉及 n．担忧 9．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献，捐献→contribution n．贡献 三、常考单词 1.scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 n．恐慌，惊吓 (1)scare ...away/off 把……吓跑 scare ...to death 把……吓得要死 scare sb.into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb.out of one's mind/skin 把某人吓得魂不附体 (2)scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 be scared of 害怕 (3)scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的 2.due to 由于，因为 due adj. 预期的；应归于；应支付 be due to sb. 应归于某人；应支付某人 be due to do sth. 预期做某事，预定要做某事 3.rather than 而不是 (1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，后接名词、代词、介词(短语)、v.­ing形式及不定式。当rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与它前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)other than 除……之外(常用于否定句中) more than 超过，多于；很，非常 4.be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……” In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕。 句式分析：was diving when为句式“be doing...when...”，其中when是并列连词，意为“就在那时”，相当于and then或 and at the same time。 [知识拓展] when作并列连词还用于以下句型： (1)be about to do/be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时…… (2)had just/ hardly done ...when ...刚做了……这时…… 四．单元短语 1．refer to参考；涉及；指的是 2．due to由于，因为 3．be scared of害怕…… 4．have an effect upon对……有影响 5．come across偶然遇到 6．rather than而不是 7．take steps采取措施 8．mistake...for...把……误当作…… 9．break down分解；出故障；谈判失败；(健康、精神等)垮掉 10．common sense常识 11．take...into account把……考虑进去 12．call on号召 五．单元佳句 1．This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning. 这不仅是因为对鲨鱼的恐惧，而且还是为了切去鱼鳍。 2．In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.在1980年，本奇正在潜水，这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。 3．Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks.幸运的是，并不是所有看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都害怕鲨鱼。 4．Order less and take leftover food home when dining in restaurants.在饭店吃饭时少点餐并把剩菜带回家。 六．单元语法 动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作补语 一、感官动词后的补语 [观察例句] ①When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women arguing. ②When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. ③Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? ④To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. ⑤He was just about to sit down when he felt something moving near his feet. [归纳用法] 1．感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，find，discover，catch(当场发现)，hear，listen to，feel，sense(意识到)等后的复合宾语中，若作补语的动词与其前的宾语之间为主动关系，则用动词­ing形式作补语；若为被动关系，则用动词­ed形式作补语。 2．变成被动语态后宾补就成了主补，形式不发生变化。 二、使役动词后的补语 [观察例句] ①He had us laughing by telling jokes all through the meal. ②He had had his leg injured trying to save a mate from a pile of coal. ③He can't have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. ④You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. ⑤Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. ⑥The photographs made me think back to my schooldays. [归纳用法] 1．使役动词 have，get，keep，leave等后的复合宾语中，可用动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作补语，其规则同感官动词。 2．使役动词make，let后不跟动词­ing形式作补语，若作补语的动词与其前的宾语之间为主动关系时，用不带to的不定式。 三、with复合结构中的补语 [观察例句] ①With the exam approaching，it is a good idea to review your class notes. ②With his homework finished，he went out to play. [归纳用法] 在“with＋宾语＋补语”的复合结构中，可用动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作补语，其规则同感官动词和使役动词。 七．单元写作 Writing——劝告信 本单元的写作任务是写一封劝告信。劝告信是书信的一种，属于应用文文体。劝告信的主要写作特点是表达得体、简洁，让人能够愉快地接受。 要想写好一封劝告信，通常有以下几个步骤： 1.提出问题 开门见山，说明写信的目的，提出发现的问题。 2.分析问题 分析问题并找到问题产生的原因。 3.提出劝告 找到问题产生的原因之后，接下来就要“对症下药”，即提出自己的建议或者劝告。 一、常用短语 1.make a contribution作出贡献 2.pay attention to注意 3.call on号召 4.take action采取行动 5.make a difference有影响 6.result in导致 二、常用句式 1.开头 ①We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of...我们写这封信是为了提高你对……的认识。 ②I’m writing to persuade you to...我写信是想说服你…… ③Here I’d like to give my advice on...在这里，我想就……提出我的建议。 ④I will try my best to make some constructive suggestions. 我会尽力提出一些建设性的建议。 2.正文 ①I would like to suggest...我建议…… ②I hope that you will consider...我希望你能考虑…… ③In order to...we propose that...为了……我们建议…… ④When it comes to/As for...I would like to suggest/recommend... 涉及/关于……我想建议…… ⑤One of the reasons for this is...这样做的一个原因是…… ⑥First of all，I think it would be better if...首先，我认为如果……将会更好 3.结尾 ①I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you. 我希望你会认为这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。 ②I hope you will take my advice into consideration./If you have any questions or requirements，please do not hesitate to tell me./If you have any questions，please feel free to ask me at any time. 我希望你会考虑我的建议。/如果你有任何问题或要求，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。/如果你有任何问题，请随时问我。 ③I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。 假设你是高中生李华，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(to scribble)和乱丢垃圾(to litter)的行为，请用英语给校长写一封信。信中应包括以下内容： 1.说明写信目的； 2.对这些行为进行批评； 3.提出建议。 注意：1.信的开头、落款及信的第一句已给出； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr.Headmaster， I am Li Hua，a student from Class One，Senior Two. Yours faithfully， Li Hua 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 劝告信 人称 第一人称 时态 一般现在时 框架 第一段：说明写信目的 第二段：对这些行为进行批评并提出建议 第二步　要点翻译 1.我写信是想提醒你注意学生中存在的乱丢垃圾和随意涂写的不良行为。 I am writing to raise your awareness of some improper behaviour among us students：littering and scribbling. 2.我担心这会使得我们的校园变得肮脏、令人不愉快并有损我们学校的形象。 I am concerned that it makes our school dirty and unpleasant and does harm to the image of our school. 3.无论何时看到这种行为，我都会感到羞愧。 I always feel ashamed whenever I see this. 4.一些学生缺乏环保意识。 Some students lack the awareness of environmental protection. 第三步　词句升级 1.用定语从句改写句2 I am concerned that it makes our school dirty and unpleasant，which does harm to the image of our school. 2.用reason作主语，并用表语从句改写句4 One of the reasons for this is that some students lack the awareness of environmental protection. 第四步　连句成篇 Dear Mr.Headmaster， I am Li Hua，a student from Class One，Senior Two. I am writing to raise your awareness of some improper behaviour among us students：littering and scribbling. I am concerned that it makes our school dirty and unpleasant，which does harm to the image of our school.I always feel ashamed whenever I see this.I would like to suggest the school place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behaviour.At the same time，I hope that you will consider organizing some activities to encourage students to develop good habits and behave themselves better.One of the reasons for this is that some students lack the awareness of environmental protection. I believe that，with these efforts，our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully， Li Hua 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．Her decision to put off the concert is bound to (使失望) her fans. 2．In her speech，she expressed mixed at her winning the competition. 3．The new model a telephone and a fax machine，which is very popular. 4．This is just one of her (喜剧) that she has written in the past five years. 5．The audience laughed and warmly when Wu Jing stepped on the stage. 6．We have prepared a beautiful (纪念品) for you. 7．If you can’t deliver goods on time，it will affect the of your store. 8．To their satisfaction，the project was finished not only ahead of schedule but within (预算)． 9．I am really very lucky to get the chance to choose a in a foreign country to travel. 10．He has been to a (偏远的) village to do some voluntary work for two months. 11．The table took up too much space，so the man decided to have it . 12．The school has (建立) a successful relationship with the local community. 13．The of the parents in China are concerned about their children’s education. 14．Teenagers are (破坏) their health because they play computer games too much. 15．These are the people that have (做贡献) more to the development of the Internet. 【答案】 1.disappoint 2.emotions 3.combines 4.comedies 5.applauded 6.souvenir7.credit 8.budget9.destination 10.remote 11.removed 12.established 13.majority 14.damaging 15.contributed 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1．“Would you really help？” he said with an (appeal) look. 2．It’s (amaze) how often you see drivers using mobile phones. 3．It was his (absent) of mind during driving that caused the accident. 4．The father of a family should have more sense of (responsible)． 5．They had an (arrange) that the children would spend two weeks with each parent. 6．Events could have developed in a (dramatic) different way. 7．The girl had to quit (learn) painting because her parents couldn’t pay the fee for her. 8．The machine can be (remote) operated and monitored. 9．Most of the people on the course were (profession) women. 10．If we invest little time in a person，our (engage) with that person will decline. 11．It is not possible to (infection) another person through kissing. 12．You can’t take photographs in the museum without (permit)． 13．Nowadays more and more people，young and old，are (concern) about their health. 14．An activity is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from (extinct)． 15．If you speak in an (urge) way，you are anxious for people to notice something. 【答案】 1.appealing2.amazing3.absence4.responsibility5.arrangement6.dramatically7.learning8.remotely9.professional 10.engagement11.infect12.permission13.concerned14.extinction15.urgent 三、完成句子。 1．你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。(combine with) 2．在这个时候他还能如此冷静，真让她感到惊讶。(amaze；it作形式主语) . 3．谁为这次事故负责，司机还是行人？(be responsible for) ? 4．未能说服他改变主意，我非常失望。(disappointed) . 5．警方呼吁公众保持镇静。(appeal n．) . 6．她已经尽最大努力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。(be particular about) . 7．他迫不及待地要把他的作品给他的老师看。(can’t wait to do) . 8．无论他走到哪儿，都会有一大群粉丝等着欢迎他。(masses of) . 9．她不但对我们很友好，而且还用很幽默的方式教学。[not only...but (also)．.. us friendly in a humorous way. 10．我正沿着河边走，突然听见求助的叫喊声。(be doing...when...) I heard a cry for help. 11．并非每个人都喜欢骑自行车上班。(部分否定) to work./ to work. 12．回来的时候，她把Bernard也带来了。(when doing) ，she brought Bernard with her. 【答案】 1．You should try to combine exercise with a healthy diet. 2．It amazed her that he could be so calm at such a time. 3．Who is responsible for the accident，the driver or the pedestrian? 4．I am extremely disappointed at not being able to persuade him to change his mind. 5．The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm. 6．She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job. 7．He can’t wait to show his works to his teacher. 8．Wherever he goes，there will always be masses of fans waiting to welcome him. 9．Not only does she treat us friendly but (also) she teaches in a humorous way. 10．I was walking along the river when I heard a cry for help. 11．Not everyone is fond of cycling to work./Everyone isn’t fond of cycling to work. 12．When coming back，she brought Bernard with her. $