精品解析：河南省安鹤新联盟2025-2026学年高二下学期5月联考英语试题

2027届高二下学期5月联考 英语试题卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What will the man do next? A. Answer questions. B. Wait for friends. C. Book a flight. 2. Why is the man talking to the woman? A. To fix a door. B. To place an ad. C. To see a flat. 3. What happened in the factory? A. A printer broke down. B. There was a power failure. C. Some brochures were ruined. 4. What is the probable relationship between Nancy and Kate? A. Classmates. B. Neighbours. C. Twins. 5. How will the speakers probably deal with the books? A. By throwing them away. B. By putting them in Jack’s house. C. By lending them to someone else. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. What is the woman’s problem? A. She hasn’t been offered a job. B. She can’t make a right decision. C. She didn’t do well in the interviews. 7. What suggestion does the man make? A. To withdraw the application for the second job. B. To find out more information about the first job. C. To ask the first company for more time to consider. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A staff party. B. A lunch invitation. C. A marketing campaign. 9. What information was in the newspaper this week? A. A recipe for noodles. B. A review of a restaurant. C. An advertisement for Mexican food. 10. When will the speakers meet? A. At 11:50. B. At 11:40. C. At 12:00. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11. What does the woman think of herself? A. A skilled coach. B. A reliable teammate. C. A talented sportswoman. 12. Why does the man bring the safety equipment? A. To climb the wall. B. To protect himself. C. To share with the woman. 13. How can the man be described? A. Careful. B. Generous. C. Brave. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14. What is the man doing? A. Doing a survey. B. Chairing a meeting. C. Conducting an interview. 15. Where did Liz get her ideas for songs? A. From her own stories. B. From others’ real life. C. From her imagination. 16. What can be a challenge to Liz’s book? A. Being different from other books. B. Taking time from songwriting. C. Sharing her personal experiences. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. What is the purpose of the speech? A. To explain community service. B. To call on students to volunteer. C. To show a community activity. 18. What do students need to do in the “One on One” program? A. Help less academic children. B. Attend a professor’s lessons. C. Give suggestions for activities. 19. What can Professor Smith do for the tutors? A. Choose appropriate majors. B. Offer guidance on subjects. C. Give instruction in teaching. 20. How long do Professor Smith’s office hours last? A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 5 hours. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） A Sustainable Campus Initiative: Student Project Grants The University Sustainability Office (USO) invites students to submit proposals for innovative projects aimed at reducing our carbon footprint. This initiative encourages students to think creatively about how they can make a tangible environmental impact on campus. Grant Levels: Seed Grant (Up to $ 500): This grant is designed for individuals who want to lead awareness campaigns or small-scale projects, such as pilot recycling programs or single-use plastic reduction campaigns. These initiatives can significantly raise awareness about sustainability issues among students and staff, providing the first step in broader environmental action. Impact Grant ($ 501 - $3,000): For projects involving at least two departments, this grant supports collaborative efforts aimed at bringing about tangible changes in campus infrastructure. Examples include energy-saving lighting systems, waste diversion projects, or sustainability-focused renovations. The aim is to have measurable, long-lasting impact on the campus environment. Legacy Grant ($ 3,000+): This grant supports long-term solutions that have the potential to be implemented across all campuses. Legacy projects must have clear, permanent environmental benefits and are expected to continue even after the initial funding period. These projects require the support of a faculty advisor, demonstrating their academic or institutional significance. Key Dates (2026): April 15: Proposal submission deadline. May 10: Shortlisted candidates will be notified for an interview. June 1: Funding awarded. Evaluation Criteria: Originality (30%): Does the project offer a fresh perspective that can inspire others? Scalability (40%): Is there potential to expand this project to other campuses or institutions? Cost-efficiency (30%): Do the environmental benefits justify the project’s budget and investment? Note: Projects that are purely theoretical without a practical application on campus will not be considered. All equipment purchased with the grant remains the property of the USO and must be used for the designated project. 1. What does a project need to get a Legacy Grant? A. A plastic reduction campaign. B. A minimum two-year timeline. C. A professional recommendation. D. A cross-departmental cooperation. 2. What is the primary focus of the “Scalability” criterion? A. Balance between cost and benefits. B. Creativity behind the student’s idea. C. Direct influence on the local campus. D. Potential for wider project application. 3. Which project will likely be rejected? A. A student paper on global warming history. B. A plan for solar benches in the central park. C. A team effort to ban plastic straws in canteens. D. An app for dorm students to share leftover food. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了大学可持续发展办公室推出的校园可持续发展学生项目资助计划，公布了2026年关键申请时间、评审标准，同时明确了不予受理的项目要求及资助设备归属规定。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文Legacy Grant ($ 3,000+)部分“These projects require the support of a faculty advisor, demonstrating their academic or institutional significance.(这类项目需要指导老师的支持，以此体现其学术或机构价值。)” 可知，申请传承资助项目需要专业老师的推荐支持。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文Evaluation Criteria部分“Scalability (40%): Is there potential to expand this project to other campuses or institutions?(可推广性占比 40%：该项目是否有拓展到其他校区或机构的潜力？)”可知，可推广性标准主要关注项目更广泛应用的潜力。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文Note部分“Projects that are purely theoretical without a practical application on campus will not be considered.(仅停留在理论层面、无法在校园实际落地的项目将不予受理。)” 可知，一篇关于全球变暖历史的学生论文纯属理论、无实际校园应用，很可能会被驳回。 B Everything was great — until it wasn’t. It took me a while to notice things were changing. My beloved magazines were struggling to survive. The editors, photographers, and publications I admired were being elbowed out by Instagram influencers and YouTube tutorials. These changes I could live with. I had spent my life adapting. What proved harder to accept were changes inside my own company. For years, I built my cosmetics (化妆品) brand, and my message was direct — be yourself, only better. However, as the company expanded worldwide, a new management team brought a stronger focus on global trends and profits. Meetings grew larger and more formal, dominated by charts and forecasts instead of conversations about real customers. While I understood the need for growth, I sensed that our original vision was slowly fading. The turning point came during a discussion about gaining a bigger share of the Asian market. Managers pointed out that skin-whitening was a top-selling category there. “If we don’t enter it,” they said, “we won’t remain competitive.” Their reasoning was practical and data-driven. But the suggestion unsettled me deeply. For more than twenty years, I had encouraged women to choose foundation that matched their natural skin tone. Launching a whitening product seemed to contradict everything I stood for. I consider myself a reasonable person, but I’m a fighter when I believe in something. So instead of rejecting the idea outright, I asked questions. Why did customers want whitening cream? The answer was that they wanted brighter-looking skin. That distinction mattered. Brightening skin to enhance its glow was not the same as changing its color. After long discussions, we reached an agreement: we would create a brightening product focused on glow, not on making skin lighter. I insisted that our message would never suggest women needed to alter who they were. The experience taught me that business expansion often tests personal principles. Following trends may increase profits, but protecting core values builds lasting trust. Even as the world changed around me, I remained committed to the belief that true beauty does not require becoming someone else. 4. According to the first two paragraphs, what troubled the author most? A. Media evolution. B. Market competition. C. Corporate shifts. D. Online trends. 5. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A. The discussion. B. The Asian market. C. The reasoning. D. The skin-whitening category. 6. How did the author eventually bridge the gap with the managers? A. By prioritizing data. B. By following the trends. C. By changing the product’s goal. D. By offering more choices. 7. What is the passage mainly about? A. Business expansion often results in high costs. B. Staying true to oneself is essential in business. C. Marketing power is key to reaching global customers. D. Surviving the digital age requires constant adaptation. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者在自己的化妆品品牌扩张过程中，面对管理和市场变化，坚守核心价值观，平衡趋势与原则的经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What proved harder to accept were changes inside my own company.(事实证明，更难接受的是我自己公司内部的变化)”可知，最让作者困扰的是公司内部的转变。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Managers pointed out that skin-whitening was a top-selling category there. “If we don’t enter it,” they said, “we won’t remain competitive.”(经理们指出，美白产品是那里的畅销品类。“如果我们不进入它，”他们说，“我们将无法保持竞争力。”)”可知，划线词it指代前文提到的“美白产品”。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“After long discussions, we reached an agreement: we would create a brightening product focused on glow, not on making skin lighter.(经过长时间的讨论，我们达成了一致：我们将打造一款主打提亮光泽的产品，而不是让皮肤变白)”可知，作者通过改变产品的目标（从美白变为提亮光泽），最终与经理们达成了共识。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段中的“Following trends may increase profits, but protecting core values builds lasting trust. Even as the world changed around me, I remained committed to the belief that true beauty does not require becoming someone else.(跟随趋势可能会增加利润，但保护核心价值观才能建立持久的信任。即使我周围的世界发生了变化，我仍然坚持这样的信念：真正的美丽不需要变成别人)”可知，文章主要讲述在商业中坚守自我、坚守核心价值观的重要性。 C For decades, scientists believed that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex computations all day long. “Whether you’re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work or you’re staring into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist (神经科学家) Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the cooperation of many different brain regions in new patterns. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits causes an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s unpleasant, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: they are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate (高估) the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to put off, or even avoid the task totally. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if we often use mental effort. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual (仪式，惯例) before the work starts, such as turning off the phone. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier, it will actually be easier. 8. Why do people tend to feel certain cognitive tasks demanding? A. Because they consume much more brain energy. B. Because they involve more complex computations. C. Because they are objectively much more difficult. D. Because they require new brain region teamwork. 9. What does the underlined word “hurdle” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Benefit. B. Barrier. C. Routine. D. Reward. 10. Why does the author quote the 2020 study? A. To support a solution. B. To present a case. C. To analyze the causes. D. To challenge an assumption. 11. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines performance. C. Focusing on rewards enhances motivation. D. Brain reaction triggers positive emotions. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了研究表明，高认知任务并不会消耗大脑更多能量；人们觉得这类任务吃力，是因为它打破了大脑固有习惯，同时给出应对方法：着眼任务收益、坚持练习形成习惯，能降低畏难情绪、提升行动力。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Cognitively demanding work often requires the cooperation of many different brain regions in new patterns. (认知要求高的工作往往需要大脑多个区域以新的模式协同工作。)”可知，人们往往觉得某些认知任务很费力的原因在于它们需要新的大脑区域协同工作。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段及画线单词句“We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to put off, or even avoid the task totally. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. (我们常常高估完成认知任务所需的努力和痛苦。这种最初的过高估计会让我们推迟甚至完全回避任务。 研究表明，如果我们能克服开始一项任务的最初hurdle，那么思考就会变得更容易。)”可知，前文提到人们会高估认知任务的痛苦，因此推迟、回避任务，而如果能克服这种最初障碍，思考就会变得更容易。由此可推测，hurdle意思是“障碍”。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things. (做到这一点的一种方法是关注收益，而不是所需的努力。在2020年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克和他的同事们让参与者选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题以获得少量金钱，或者解决一个难度更大的谜题以获得更多金钱。选项显示在屏幕上，当参与者决定尝试哪个谜题时，他们的眼球运动会受到跟踪。当人们花更多时间关注挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的心灵之眼，或者说我们的注意力焦点，集中在一个选项的收益上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择去做困难的事情。)”可知，本段先提出解决逃避认知任务的一个方法：关注任务的收益而非付出的努力，之后引用2020年的研究结果验证这个方法的有效性，因此引用研究是为了支撑这个解决方案。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things. (当人们花更多时间关注挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的心灵之眼，或者说我们的注意力焦点，集中在一个选项的收益上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择去做困难的事情。)”可知，当人们更多关注高难度任务的奖励时，他们更有可能选择完成任务，由此可推知“关注奖励能提升动力”。 D For much of the 20th century, nostalgia (怀旧) was considered by the medical community as a neurological disorder, a form of depression. However, contemporary neuroscientific research has redefined this emotion, revealing it as a complex psychological resource that plays a significant role in maintaining mental well-being and cognitive continuity. Modern studies have found the neural correlations of nostalgia. When individuals recall nostalgic memories, there is obvious activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (皮层), a region related to self-reflection and recall of personal experience. At the same time, the brain’s reward system releases dopamine (多巴胺). This neurochemical reaction suggests that nostalgia is not merely a passive reflection on the past, but an active mechanism that generates positive effect to reduce present depression. One of the most profound functions of nostalgia is its ability to increase one’s sense of “self-continuity.” Life is full of disturbing changes — moving to a new city, changing careers, or losing a loved one — that can break our identity. Nostalgia acts as a psychological buffer (缓冲物), bridging the gap between our past and present selves. By revisiting cherished memories, individuals confirm their core values and narrative identity, thereby reducing present anxiety. Research indicates that individuals filled with nostalgic reflections demonstrate greater optimism about the future and higher resilience against stress. Furthermore, nostalgia serves a vital social function. It is inherently social; nostalgic narratives almost unavoidably involve significant others — family, friends, or important life events shared with peers. This recall causes the release of oxytocin, often referred to as the “bonding hormone,” which enhances feelings of empathy and trust. Consequently, nostalgia can reduce loneliness by fostering a sense of social connectedness, even when one is physically isolated. It reminds us that we are embedded in a web of meaningful relationships that stand the test of time. However, the mechanism is not without its nuances. While adaptive nostalgia promotes psychological health, excessive reflection on an idealized past can lead to maladaptive (不适应的) behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging with current realities. The key lies in the brain’s ability to integrate these memories positively. As neuroscientists continue to map the complex pathways of memory and emotion, it becomes increasingly clear that looking backward is often the most effective way for the human brain to push itself forward. 12. According to the passage, how has the perception of nostalgia changed over time? A. It was once considered a physical illness but is now seen as a neurological disorder. B. It was previously viewed as a mental weakness but is now recognized as a psychological asset. C. It has always been regarded as a sign of depression and melancholia. D. It was thought to be beneficial in the past but is now considered harmful to mental health. 13. What can be inferred about the role of dopamine in nostalgic experiences? A. It is responsible for the fragmentation of identity during stressful transitions. B. It causes individuals to lose touch with their autobiographical memories. C. It contributes to the positive emotional response generated by recalling the past. D. It inhibits the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex during self-reflection. 14. The author mentions “self-continuity” in Paragraph 3 to explain . A. how nostalgia helps maintain a stable sense of identity amidst life changes B. why people tend to forget their past when they move to new cities C. the biological process of memory retrieval in the human brain D. the difference between existential anxiety and general stress 15. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A. Nostalgia is a double-edged sword that primarily causes people to dwell on the past and ignore the present. B. The release of oxytocin is the sole reason why nostalgia is effective in treating social isolation and loneliness. C. Neuroscience reveals that nostalgia is a complex, adaptive mechanism that benefits mental health and social connection. D. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has proven that nostalgia is identical to the brain’s reward system. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了科学界对怀旧看法的转变，结合神经科学研究阐述了怀旧在改善情绪、维系自我认知、增进社交联结等方面的积极作用，同时也指出过度怀旧会产生负面影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For much of the 20th century, nostalgia was considered by the medical community as a neurological disorder, a form of depression. However, contemporary neuroscientific research has redefined this emotion, revealing it as a complex psychological resource that plays a significant role in maintaining mental well-being and cognitive continuity. (在20世纪的大部分时间里，医学界将怀旧视为一种神经紊乱，即抑郁症的一种表现形式。然而，当代神经科学研究重新定义了这种情绪，揭示了它是一种复杂的心理资源，在维持心理健康和认知连续性方面发挥着重要作用。)”可知，怀旧过去被视为抑郁症，一种精神缺陷，但现在被视为一种心理资源。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Modern studies have found the neural correlations of nostalgia. When individuals recall nostalgic memories, there is obvious activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region related to self-reflection and recall of personal experience. At the same time, the brain’s reward system releases dopamine. This neurochemical reaction suggests that nostalgia is not merely a passive reflection on the past, but an active mechanism that generates positive effect to reduce present depression. (现代研究发现，怀旧具有神经相关性。当个体回忆起怀旧记忆时，内侧前额叶皮层（一个与自我反思和个人经历回忆相关的区域）会出现明显的激活。同时，大脑的奖励系统会释放多巴胺。这种神经化学反应表明，怀旧不仅仅是对过去的被动反思，而是一种积极的机制，能产生积极效应以减轻当下的抑郁情绪。)”可知，当个体回忆起怀旧记忆时，大脑的奖励系统会释放多巴胺，能产生积极效应以减轻当下的抑郁情绪，由此可推断，多巴胺在怀旧体验中的作用是有助于产生由回忆过去所带来的积极情绪反应。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“One of the most profound functions of nostalgia is its ability to increase one’s sense of ‘self-continuity.’ Life is full of disturbing changes — moving to a new city, changing careers, or losing a loved one — that can break our identity. Nostalgia acts as a psychological buffer, bridging the gap between our past and present selves. By revisiting cherished memories, individuals confirm their core values and narrative identity, thereby reducing present anxiety. Research indicates that individuals filled with nostalgic reflections demonstrate greater optimism about the future and higher resilience against stress. (怀旧最深刻的功能之一是它能增强一个人的‘自我连续性’感。生活中充满了令人不安的变化——搬到新城市、换工作或失去亲人——这些变化可能会打破我们的身份认同。怀旧作为一种心理缓冲物，弥合了我们过去和现在的自我之间的鸿沟。通过重温珍贵的回忆，个人可以确认自己的核心价值观和叙事身份，从而减轻当下的焦虑。研究表明，充满怀旧回忆的人对未来表现出更大的乐观态度，并且更能应对压力。)”可知，生活中的变动会打破人们的身份认同，怀旧作为心理缓冲，帮人们确认核心身份，减少焦虑。因此提到“自我连续性”是为了解释怀旧如何在生活变动中帮人维持稳定的身份认同感。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“For much of the 20th century, nostalgia was considered by the medical community as a neurological disorder, a form of depression. However, contemporary neuroscientific research has redefined this emotion, revealing it as a complex psychological resource that plays a significant role in maintaining mental well-being and cognitive continuity. (在20世纪的大部分时间里，医学界将怀旧视为一种神经紊乱，即抑郁症的一种表现形式。然而，当代神经科学研究重新定义了这种情绪，揭示了它是一种复杂的心理资源，在维持心理健康和认知连续性方面发挥着重要作用。)”并结合全文可知，文章围绕神经科学对怀旧的新研究展开，说明怀旧是复杂的适应性机制，对个体心理健康、社交联结都有积极作用，对应C选项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多选项。 Floreana Island used to be home to its own species of giant tortoise (陆龟). But because the Galapagos is in the middle of the sea, it has long been a stopping place for sailors. In the 1800s, these tortoises were hunted for food by sailors, pirates, and settlers. ____16____ Sailors and pirates also brought animals that weren’t from Galapagos, like rats, cats, and goats. Over time, these “introduced” animals have wiped out or threatened many of the animals that make Galapagos special. But the Galapagos National Park and other groups have been working to protect the islands and the special plants and animals that live there. Between 1997 and 2006, experts worked to get rid of the larger introduced animals on many of the Galapagos islands. In 2023, a special effort on Floreana also helped get rid of the rats and wild cats. ____17____The numbers of several native bird species are already increasing. And the Galapagos rail, a bird which hadn’t been seen on the island for nearly 200 years, has been spotted again. Removing the introduced animals also made it safe for tortoises to be returned to Floreana. You might be wondering how Floreana tortoises could be returned if they had already died out. ____18____ In 2008, some tortoises were discovered on Isabela Island that looked very much like Floreana tortoises. Testing showed that their DNA was very similar to that of Floreana tortoises. Since then, scientists in Galapagos have raised over 600 young tortoises, working to make sure the tortoises have as much Floreana tortoise DNA as possible. Workers from the park carried the young tortoises to release them in areas where they’re likely to do well. Many of the tortoises had tracking devices placed on their shells. ____19____ ____20____ As they grow, the tortoises will help clear out areas that are thick with plants, help develop muddy areas into ponds, and spread seeds from plants. A. In time, the species died out. B. As they say, it’s complicated. C. This has made a big difference. D. The return of the tortoises marks a milestone in conservation efforts. E. For centuries, humans have had a destructive impact on the island’s wildlife. F. This will allow scientists to keep an eye on how the tortoises react to their new home. G. Scientists expect that the tortoises will play a big part in restoring the island’s environment. 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了弗洛雷阿纳岛的巨陆龟因人类捕猎和外来物种入侵走向灭绝，当地开展治理后，科学家借助基因相近个体繁育幼龟并放归，助力岛屿生态逐步恢复。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Floreana Island used to be home to its own species of giant tortoise. But because the Galapagos is in the middle of the sea, it has long been a stopping place for sailors. In the 1800s, these tortoises were hunted for food by sailors, pirates, and settlers. (弗洛雷亚纳岛曾经是该岛特有巨型陆龟的家园。但由于加拉帕戈斯群岛位于海洋中部，长期以来一直是水手们的停靠地。在19世纪，这些陆龟被水手、海盗和定居者猎杀作为食物。)”及后文“Sailors and pirates also brought animals that weren’t from Galapagos, like rats, cats, and goats. Over time, these ‘introduced’ animals have wiped out or threatened many of the animals that make Galapagos special. (水手和海盗还带来了非加拉帕戈斯群岛的动物，如老鼠、猫和山羊。随着时间的推移，这些‘引进’的动物已经消灭或威胁到了许多使加拉帕戈斯群岛与众不同的动物。)”可知，前文提到原生陆龟被人类大量捕猎，后文也点明原生物种已经灭绝或遭受威胁，A选项“In time, the species died out. (随着时间的推移，该物种逐渐灭绝。)”承接捕猎的结果，符合逻辑。 【17题详解】 根据前文“In 2023, a special effort on Floreana also helped get rid of the rats and wild cats.  (2023年，弗洛里亚纳岛也做出了特别努力，成功消灭了老鼠和野猫。)”及后文“The numbers of several native bird species are already increasing. And the Galapagos rail, a bird which hadn’t been seen on the island for nearly 200 years, has been spotted again. (几种本地鸟类的数量已经开始增加。此外，近200年来从未在岛上出现的加拉帕戈斯秧鸡也再次被发现。)”可知，前文说人类清除了岛上的入侵物种，后文提到原生物种数量回升，C选项“This has made a big difference. (这带来了巨大的变化。)”承上启下，引出下文的变化，衔接合理。 【18题详解】 根据前文“You might be wondering how Floreana tortoises could be returned if they had already died out. (你可能会好奇，如果弗洛雷安娜岛上的乌龟已经灭绝，又该如何让它们回归呢？)”及后文“In 2008, some tortoises were discovered on Isabela Island that looked very much like Floreana tortoises. Testing showed that their DNA was very similar to that of Floreana tortoises. Since then, scientists in Galapagos have raised over 600 young tortoises, working to make sure the tortoises have as much Floreana tortoise DNA as possible. (2008年，在伊莎贝拉岛上发现了一些与弗洛雷亚纳象龟极为相似的象龟。测试结果显示，它们的DNA与弗洛雷亚纳象龟的DNA高度相似。自那以后，加拉帕戈斯的科学家们已成功饲养了600多只幼年象龟，致力于确保这些象龟尽可能多地携带弗洛雷亚纳象龟的DNA。)”可知，前文提出疑问，后文详细解释了培育带原生陆龟基因的幼龟的过程，B选项“As they say, it’s complicated. (正如人们所说，这很复杂。)”自然承接疑问，引出下文具体的解决办法，符合语境。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Workers from the park carried the young tortoises to release them in areas where they’re likely to do well. Many of the tortoises had tracking devices placed on their shells. (公园的工作人员将小乌龟搬运到它们可能生活得很好的区域进行放生。许多乌龟的龟壳上都被安置了追踪装置。)”可知，人们在幼龟的龟壳上安装了追踪装置，F选项“This will allow scientists to keep an eye on how the tortoises react to their new home. (这将使科学家能够密切关注乌龟对新家园的反应。)”正好说明追踪设备的用途，对应准确。选项中的This指代前文“安装追踪装置” 这一行为。 【20题详解】 根据后文“As they grow, the tortoises will help clear out areas that are thick with plants, help develop muddy areas into ponds, and spread seeds from plants. (随着乌龟的成长，它们将帮助清理植被茂密的区域，将泥泞地带变为池塘，并传播植物种子。)”可知，后文具体介绍了陆龟长大后的作用，G选项“Scientists expect that the tortoises will play a big part in restoring the island’s environment. (科学家们预计，这些乌龟将在恢复该岛环境方面发挥重要作用。)”总领下文，先提出“陆龟将助力生态修复”的观点，后文再展开具体表现，逻辑通顺。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Five years ago, I woke up after a six-hour operation. Doctors removed a tumor (肿瘤) in my body, and I couldn’t believe it when ____21____ that it was not cancerous. I’d spent the months before the surgery filled with ____22____. I’d used all my strength just to get up and pretend to be OK. Returning home, I attempted to ____23____ what my future life would be like without a dark cloud hanging over me. The initial ____24____ didn’t last long. Life soon looked empty. Months before, I’d left my legal job. Actually, becoming a writer was always my dream, but piles of ____25____ letters made it seem out of reach. It felt ____26____ to be depressed after surviving the surgery, but I was. The only thing that dragged me out was to____27____ my sister’s dog Lucy. I was still weak and never ____28____ exercise, but I couldn’t say no to Lucy. We started out ____29____. At first, I could hardly walk a block with her, but gradually I grew much ____30____ and walked farther. Little by little, I felt alive again. I ____31____ for a part-time job and worked for 3 years. I restarted my writing — not a heavy book, but ____32____ things reminding me I could be a writer. I now write full-time, busy ____33____ new books. It’s harder to find ____34____ to take walks with Lucy, but those simple walks truly ____35____ me. 21. A. told B. reminded C. persuaded D. warned​ 22. A. surprise B. anxiety C. anger D. curiosity​ 23. A. go through B. figure out C. insist on D. give up​ 24. A. courage B. pain C. uncertainty D. relief​ 25. A. rejection B. apology C. thanks D. invitation​ 26. A. right B. fair C. normal D. wrong​ 27. A. touch B. feed C. walk D. bathe​ 28. A. liked B. lacked C. promoted D. skipped​ 29. A. shyly B. slowly C. hurriedly D. proudly​ 30. A. kinder B. calmer C. wiser D. stronger​ 31. A. applied B. hoped C. waited D. accounted​ 32. A. complex B. secret C. small D. messy​ 33. A. ranking B. collecting C. releasing D. illustrating​ 34. A. space B. time C. patience D. drive​ 35. A. represented B. judged C. healed D. tested 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者在经历肿瘤手术后，通过遛狗和坚持写作逐步走出阴霾、重获新生的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：医生切除了我体内的一个肿瘤，当被告知它不是癌症时，我简直不敢相信。A. told告诉；B. reminded提醒；C. persuaded说服；D. warned警告。根据上文“Doctors removed a tumor (肿瘤) in my body”和下文“that it was not cancerous”可知，医生切除了肿瘤，然后告诉作者肿瘤不是癌症。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：手术前的几个月，我一直充满焦虑。A. surprise惊讶；B. anxiety焦虑；C. anger愤怒；D. curiosity好奇。根据后文“I’d used all my strength just to get up and pretend to be OK. Returning home, I attempted to ______ what my future life would be like without a dark cloud hanging over me”可知，后文描述作者强撑身体、担忧病情，说明内心充满焦虑。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：回到家后，我试图弄清楚没有乌云笼罩的未来生活会是什么样子。A. go through经历；B. figure out弄清楚；C. insist on坚持；D. give up放弃。根据下文“what my future life would be like without a dark cloud hanging over me”可知，作者试图弄清楚未来生活的样子。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：最初的解脱并没有持续太久。A. courage勇气；B. pain痛苦；C. uncertainty不确定；D. relief解脱。根据上文“that it was not cancerous”和下文“Life soon looked empty”可知，上文作者得知肿瘤不是癌症，本该感到宽慰，后文却说生活很快变得空虚，形成转折，说明最初的解脱并没有持续太久。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：实际上，成为一名作家一直是我的梦想，但一封封拒绝信让它看起来遥不可及。A. rejection拒绝；B. apology道歉；C. thanks感谢；D. invitation邀请。根据下文“made it seem out of reach”可知，投稿写作常收到退稿信，这使得作者的梦想看起来遥不可及。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：手术后幸存下来却依然抑郁，这似乎不合常理，但我确实如此。A. right正确的；B. fair公平的；C. normal正常的；D. wrong不该的，不妥的。根据下文“to be depressed after surviving the surgery”可知，常理看来大病痊愈本该开心，自己却很消沉，感觉不对、不该这样。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：唯一把我拖出来的是遛我姐姐的狗露西。A. touch触摸；B. feed喂养；C. walk遛；D. bathe洗澡。根据下文“At first, I could hardly walk a block with her, but gradually I grew much _____ and walked farther”、“take walks with Lucy”可知，下文描述作者和小狗散步走路，此处指遛狗。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：我身体依旧虚弱，向来不喜欢运动，但我没法拒绝露西。A. liked喜欢；B. lacked缺乏；C. promoted促进；D. skipped跳过。根据上文“I was still weak”可知，作者身体虚弱、本不爱运动却被迫出门遛狗。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们开始慢慢地走。A. shyly害羞地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. proudly自豪地。根据下文“At first, I could hardly walk a block with her”可知，作者一开始几乎不能和露西走一个街区，因此他们开始慢慢地走。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但渐渐地，我变得强壮多了，走得更远了。A. kinder更善良的；B. calmer更平静的；C. wiser更明智的；D. stronger更强壮的。根据下文“walked farther”可知，作者走得更远了，说明作者变得强壮多了。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：我申请了一份兼职工作，工作了3年。A. applied申请；B. hoped希望；C. waited等待；D. accounted认为是。根据下文“for a part-time job”可知，作者申请了一份兼职工作。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我重新开始写作——不是一本厚重的书，而是一些小事提醒我，我可以成为一名作家。A. complex复杂的；B. secret秘密的；C. small小的；D. messy杂乱的。根据上文“not a heavy book”可知，作者重新开始写作，但不是一本厚重的书，从小事起步、从小篇幅开始写作。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：我现在全职写作，忙于出版新书。A. ranking排名；B. collecting收集；C. releasing出版；D. illustrating说明。根据上文“I now write full-time”可知，作者现在全职写作，因此忙于出版新书。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：很难找到时间和露西一起散步，但那些简单的散步真的治愈了我。A. space空间；B. time时间；C. patience耐心；D. drive驱动力。根据上文“I now write full-time, busy”可知，作者现在全职写作，很忙，没有空余时间遛狗。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：很难找到时间和露西一起散步，但那些简单的散步真的治愈了我。A. represented代表；B. judged判断；C. healed治愈；D. tested测试。根据上文“Little by little, I felt alive again”可知，作者在手术中幸存下来后感到沮丧，但遛狗让作者逐渐走出阴霾，因此那些简单的散步真的治愈了作者。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Haoze, a crew member of the ShenzhouXIX mission, is China’s first female spaceflight engineer. During her college years, she was outstanding ____36____ (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Additionally, she represented her school in sports competitions. “It was my postgraduate mentor who led me to a career in the space industry. Professor Gu Fan was very interested in spaceflight ____37____ often discussed relevant topics with us. He also encouraged his postgraduate students to apply for jobs in the space industry,” Wang Haoze recalled, explaining that the professor was so ____38____ (influence) to her that she decided to join the spacecraft research community. As her graduation ____39____ (approach), Wang ____40____ (submit) her resume to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, China’s major research body of liquid-propellant rocket engines. At the institute, Wang was part of the research and development of new models of rocket engines, a new field ____41____ she had never been involved. ____42____ (face) with new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, which appeared as an ____43____ (attract) game to her. On October 30, 2024, she embarked on a space journey aboard Shenzhou-19. Her ____44____ (responsibility) include space experiments, material management, and station affairs. Wang Haoze is ____45____ inspiration, demonstrating courage, perseverance, and a passion for space exploration. 【答案】36. academically 37. and 38. influential 39. approached 40. submitted 41. where 42. Faced 43. attractive 44. responsibilities 45. an 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国第一位女航天飞行工程师王浩泽。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：在大学期间，她在学业上表现出色，成绩名列前茅。空格处用副词academically修饰形容词outstanding，academically意为“在学业上”。故填academically。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：“是我的研究生导师引领我走上了航天行业的职业生涯。顾凡教授对航天飞行非常感兴趣，经常与我们探讨相关话题。他还鼓励他的研究生在航天行业找工作，”王浩泽回忆道，并解释说这位教授对她影响极大，以至于她决定投身航天器研究领域。“was very interested in spaceflight”和“often discussed relevant topics with us”是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“是我的研究生导师引领我走上了航天行业的职业生涯。顾凡教授对航天飞行非常感兴趣，经常与我们探讨相关话题。他还鼓励他的研究生在航天行业找工作，”王浩泽回忆道，并解释说这位教授对她影响极大，以至于她决定投身航天器研究领域。空格处用形容词作表语，influence的形容词是influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：随着毕业日期的临近，王向北京航天推进研究所提交了她的简历。该研究所是中国主要的液体推进剂火箭发动机研究机构。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填approached。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：随着毕业日期的临近，王向北京航天推进研究所提交了她的简历。该研究所是中国主要的液体推进剂火箭发动机研究机构。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式submitted，故填submitted。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在该研究所，王参与了新型火箭发动机的研发工作，这是一个她此前从未涉足的新领域。空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词field是抽象地点，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：面对新的挑战和知识，她乐于学习并克服困难，这对她而言就像一场极具吸引力的游戏。句中谓语是enjoyed，空格处用非谓语动词，she和face之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Faced。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：面对新的挑战和知识，她乐于学习并克服困难，这对她而言就像一场极具吸引力的游戏。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词game，此处表示“有吸引力的”，形容词是attractive。故填attractive。 【44题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：她的职责包括太空实验、物资管理以及空间站事务。由include是原形可知，空格处用复数，故填responsibilities。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：王浩泽是一个鼓舞人心的榜样，她展现了勇气、毅力和对太空探索的热爱。inspiration意为“鼓舞人心的人”，是可数名词，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，inspiration是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你班上周召开了“维护国家安全，人人有责”主题班会。请给你的澳大利亚好友 Richard写封邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍班会情况； 2．分享你的感受。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Richard, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Richard, I’m writing to share with you a meaningful class meeting we had last week. The meeting, themed ‌“Everyone is Responsible for Safeguarding National Security”, included video watching and group discussions. We learned various ways to protect national security, such as keeping sensitive information private and reporting suspicious behaviors. This meeting made me realize national security isn’t just the government’s duty. Every citizen plays a vital role in it. I’ll definitely pay more attention to such issues from now on. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华身份给澳大利亚好友写邮件，介绍“维护国家安全”主题班会并分享感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有意义的：meaningful → significant 可疑的：suspicious → dubious 保护：protect → safeguard/defend 至关重要的：vital → crucial 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We learned various ways to protect national security, such as keeping sensitive information private and reporting suspicious behaviors. 拓展句：We learned various ways to protect national security, such as keeping sensitive information private and reporting suspicious behaviors, which are essential for maintaining a safe society. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to share with you a meaningful class meeting we had last week. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句) [高分句型2] This meeting made me realize national security isn’t just the government’s duty. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One afternoon after school, I was lying on my bed listening to music. My mom knocked on the door. “Emma, Mrs. Thompson from down the street just called,” she said. “Her daughter Chloe is having a hard time with math. Could you help her out?” I thought about it for a moment. I was good at math, so I said yes. A few weeks later, I met Chloe for the first time. She was 10 years old and in 5th grade. I opened the math book and showed her some problems. “Let’s try these,” I said. Chloe looked away. “I don’t need this. I’m not going to college. I’ll work at my uncle’s restaurant.” I didn’t know what to say. In my family, everyone believed school was important. I kept telling her to try, but she just asked, “How is this going to help me cook or serve food?” That night, I thought about her question. Maybe she had a point. My brother works at a bank. I never saw him use science or math from school. The next morning, I told my mom, “I don’t think I can teach her. She doesn’t want to learn.” My mom smiled. “Maybe you need to try something different.” I had always learned by reading the book and doing exercises. But now I started thinking of new ideas. Over the next few weeks, I learned more about Chloe. Her parents wanted her to make money from a young age. She had been selling fruits and vegetables in the neighborhood since she was 8. One day, I asked Chloe to come to my house. When she arrived, she found me in the kitchen. I was holding flour and chocolate chips. She looked confused. I handed her an apron (围裙). 注意： 1．写作词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Grab the measuring cups and today we’re baking cookies,” I said. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As we baked, Chloe suddenly asked how to price our cookies. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: “Grab the measuring cups and today we’re baking cookies,” I said. Chloe put on the apron with a confused look and hesitated for a while before joining me. I told her we had to measure flour, sugar and chocolate chips precisely with tools. Every ingredient needed a fixed amount, and simple calculation was necessary all the time. I patiently guided her to count and weigh everything, explaining quietly how math worked in cooking. Slowly, Chloe stopped being unwilling and began to take it seriously. As we baked, Chloe suddenly asked how to price our cookies. I smiled and told her pricing needed math to count costs, calculate daily profits and set reasonable prices. We practiced addition, subtraction and division while talking about selling fruits and running a restaurant. Chloe was deeply attracted and realized math was really useful for her future life. She became willing to learn and even took the initiative to ask me to teach her more practical math knowledge later. 【解析】 【导语】本文以艾玛帮助克洛伊学习数学为线索展开，讲述了艾玛答应帮邻居汤普森夫人的女儿克洛伊补习数学，却因克洛伊认为数学无用而陷入困境，在妈妈的提醒下改变方法，结合克洛伊的经历，通过烘焙让她认识到数学的实用性，最终克洛伊主动愿意学习数学的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段写克洛伊疑惑地穿上围裙，艾玛引导她用工具精确测量食材，讲解数学在烘焙中的应用，克洛伊逐渐认真起来。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段写艾玛告诉她定价需要数学计算成本和利润，两人边练习加减乘除边讨论，克洛伊意识到数学的用处，主动要求学习更多数学知识。 2. 续写线索：提议烤饼干——测量食材——讲解数学应用——克洛伊认真参与——询问定价——讲解定价中的数学——克洛伊醒悟——主动学数学 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①指导：guide/direct/instruct ②计算：calculate/count 情绪类 ①疑惑：confused/puzzled ②不情愿的：unwilling/reluctant 【点睛】[高分句型1] I patiently guided her to count and weigh everything, explaining quietly how math worked in cooking.（运用了现在分词短语作状语以及how引导的宾语从句作explaining的宾语） [高分句型2] We practiced addition, subtraction and division while talking about selling fruits and running a restaurant.（运用了while引导时间状语从句的省略） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高二下学期5月联考 英语试题卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What will the man do next? A. Answer questions. B. Wait for friends. C. Book a flight. 2. Why is the man talking to the woman? A. To fix a door. B. To place an ad. C. To see a flat. 3. What happened in the factory? A. A printer broke down. B. There was a power failure. C. Some brochures were ruined. 4. What is the probable relationship between Nancy and Kate? A. Classmates. B. Neighbours. C. Twins. 5. How will the speakers probably deal with the books? A. By throwing them away. B. By putting them in Jack’s house. C. By lending them to someone else. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. What is the woman’s problem? A. She hasn’t been offered a job. B. She can’t make a right decision. C. She didn’t do well in the interviews. 7. What suggestion does the man make? A. To withdraw the application for the second job. B. To find out more information about the first job. C. To ask the first company for more time to consider. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A staff party. B. A lunch invitation. C. A marketing campaign. 9. What information was in the newspaper this week? A. A recipe for noodles. B. A review of a restaurant. C. An advertisement for Mexican food. 10. When will the speakers meet? A. At 11:50. B. At 11:40. C. At 12:00. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11. What does the woman think of herself? A. A skilled coach. B. A reliable teammate. C. A talented sportswoman. 12. Why does the man bring the safety equipment? A. To climb the wall. B. To protect himself. C. To share with the woman. 13. How can the man be described? A. Careful. B. Generous. C. Brave. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14. What is the man doing? A. Doing a survey. B. Chairing a meeting. C. Conducting an interview. 15. Where did Liz get her ideas for songs? A. From her own stories. B. From others’ real life. C. From her imagination. 16. What can be a challenge to Liz’s book? A. Being different from other books. B. Taking time from songwriting. C. Sharing her personal experiences. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. What is the purpose of the speech? A. To explain community service. B. To call on students to volunteer. C. To show a community activity. 18. What do students need to do in the “One on One” program? A. Help less academic children. B. Attend a professor’s lessons. C. Give suggestions for activities. 19. What can Professor Smith do for the tutors? A. Choose appropriate majors. B. Offer guidance on subjects. C. Give instruction in teaching. 20. How long do Professor Smith’s office hours last? A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 5 hours. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） A Sustainable Campus Initiative: Student Project Grants The University Sustainability Office (USO) invites students to submit proposals for innovative projects aimed at reducing our carbon footprint. This initiative encourages students to think creatively about how they can make a tangible environmental impact on campus. Grant Levels: Seed Grant (Up to $ 500): This grant is designed for individuals who want to lead awareness campaigns or small-scale projects, such as pilot recycling programs or single-use plastic reduction campaigns. These initiatives can significantly raise awareness about sustainability issues among students and staff, providing the first step in broader environmental action. Impact Grant ($ 501 - $3,000): For projects involving at least two departments, this grant supports collaborative efforts aimed at bringing about tangible changes in campus infrastructure. Examples include energy-saving lighting systems, waste diversion projects, or sustainability-focused renovations. The aim is to have measurable, long-lasting impact on the campus environment. Legacy Grant ($ 3,000+): This grant supports long-term solutions that have the potential to be implemented across all campuses. Legacy projects must have clear, permanent environmental benefits and are expected to continue even after the initial funding period. These projects require the support of a faculty advisor, demonstrating their academic or institutional significance. Key Dates (2026): April 15: Proposal submission deadline. May 10: Shortlisted candidates will be notified for an interview. June 1: Funding awarded. Evaluation Criteria: Originality (30%): Does the project offer a fresh perspective that can inspire others? Scalability (40%): Is there potential to expand this project to other campuses or institutions? Cost-efficiency (30%): Do the environmental benefits justify the project’s budget and investment? Note: Projects that are purely theoretical without a practical application on campus will not be considered. All equipment purchased with the grant remains the property of the USO and must be used for the designated project. 1. What does a project need to get a Legacy Grant? A. A plastic reduction campaign. B. A minimum two-year timeline. C. A professional recommendation. D. A cross-departmental cooperation. 2. What is the primary focus of the “Scalability” criterion? A. Balance between cost and benefits. B. Creativity behind the student’s idea. C. Direct influence on the local campus. D. Potential for wider project application. 3. Which project will likely be rejected? A. A student paper on global warming history. B. A plan for solar benches in the central park. C. A team effort to ban plastic straws in canteens. D. An app for dorm students to share leftover food. B Everything was great — until it wasn’t. It took me a while to notice things were changing. My beloved magazines were struggling to survive. The editors, photographers, and publications I admired were being elbowed out by Instagram influencers and YouTube tutorials. These changes I could live with. I had spent my life adapting. What proved harder to accept were changes inside my own company. For years, I built my cosmetics (化妆品) brand, and my message was direct — be yourself, only better. However, as the company expanded worldwide, a new management team brought a stronger focus on global trends and profits. Meetings grew larger and more formal, dominated by charts and forecasts instead of conversations about real customers. While I understood the need for growth, I sensed that our original vision was slowly fading. The turning point came during a discussion about gaining a bigger share of the Asian market. Managers pointed out that skin-whitening was a top-selling category there. “If we don’t enter it,” they said, “we won’t remain competitive.” Their reasoning was practical and data-driven. But the suggestion unsettled me deeply. For more than twenty years, I had encouraged women to choose foundation that matched their natural skin tone. Launching a whitening product seemed to contradict everything I stood for. I consider myself a reasonable person, but I’m a fighter when I believe in something. So instead of rejecting the idea outright, I asked questions. Why did customers want whitening cream? The answer was that they wanted brighter-looking skin. That distinction mattered. Brightening skin to enhance its glow was not the same as changing its color. After long discussions, we reached an agreement: we would create a brightening product focused on glow, not on making skin lighter. I insisted that our message would never suggest women needed to alter who they were. The experience taught me that business expansion often tests personal principles. Following trends may increase profits, but protecting core values builds lasting trust. Even as the world changed around me, I remained committed to the belief that true beauty does not require becoming someone else. 4. According to the first two paragraphs, what troubled the author most? A. Media evolution. B. Market competition. C. Corporate shifts. D. Online trends. 5. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A. The discussion. B. The Asian market. C. The reasoning. D. The skin-whitening category. 6. How did the author eventually bridge the gap with the managers? A. By prioritizing data. B. By following the trends. C. By changing the product’s goal. D. By offering more choices. 7. What is the passage mainly about? A. Business expansion often results in high costs. B. Staying true to oneself is essential in business. C. Marketing power is key to reaching global customers. D. Surviving the digital age requires constant adaptation. C For decades, scientists believed that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex computations all day long. “Whether you’re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work or you’re staring into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist (神经科学家) Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the cooperation of many different brain regions in new patterns. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits causes an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s unpleasant, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: they are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate (高估) the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to put off, or even avoid the task totally. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if we often use mental effort. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual (仪式，惯例) before the work starts, such as turning off the phone. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier, it will actually be easier. 8. Why do people tend to feel certain cognitive tasks demanding? A. Because they consume much more brain energy. B. Because they involve more complex computations. C. Because they are objectively much more difficult. D. Because they require new brain region teamwork. 9. What does the underlined word “hurdle” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Benefit. B. Barrier. C. Routine. D. Reward. 10. Why does the author quote the 2020 study? A. To support a solution. B. To present a case. C. To analyze the causes. D. To challenge an assumption. 11. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines performance. C. Focusing on rewards enhances motivation. D. Brain reaction triggers positive emotions. D For much of the 20th century, nostalgia (怀旧) was considered by the medical community as a neurological disorder, a form of depression. However, contemporary neuroscientific research has redefined this emotion, revealing it as a complex psychological resource that plays a significant role in maintaining mental well-being and cognitive continuity. Modern studies have found the neural correlations of nostalgia. When individuals recall nostalgic memories, there is obvious activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (皮层), a region related to self-reflection and recall of personal experience. At the same time, the brain’s reward system releases dopamine (多巴胺). This neurochemical reaction suggests that nostalgia is not merely a passive reflection on the past, but an active mechanism that generates positive effect to reduce present depression. One of the most profound functions of nostalgia is its ability to increase one’s sense of “self-continuity.” Life is full of disturbing changes — moving to a new city, changing careers, or losing a loved one — that can break our identity. Nostalgia acts as a psychological buffer (缓冲物), bridging the gap between our past and present selves. By revisiting cherished memories, individuals confirm their core values and narrative identity, thereby reducing present anxiety. Research indicates that individuals filled with nostalgic reflections demonstrate greater optimism about the future and higher resilience against stress. Furthermore, nostalgia serves a vital social function. It is inherently social; nostalgic narratives almost unavoidably involve significant others — family, friends, or important life events shared with peers. This recall causes the release of oxytocin, often referred to as the “bonding hormone,” which enhances feelings of empathy and trust. Consequently, nostalgia can reduce loneliness by fostering a sense of social connectedness, even when one is physically isolated. It reminds us that we are embedded in a web of meaningful relationships that stand the test of time. However, the mechanism is not without its nuances. While adaptive nostalgia promotes psychological health, excessive reflection on an idealized past can lead to maladaptive (不适应的) behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging with current realities. The key lies in the brain’s ability to integrate these memories positively. As neuroscientists continue to map the complex pathways of memory and emotion, it becomes increasingly clear that looking backward is often the most effective way for the human brain to push itself forward. 12. According to the passage, how has the perception of nostalgia changed over time? A. It was once considered a physical illness but is now seen as a neurological disorder. B. It was previously viewed as a mental weakness but is now recognized as a psychological asset. C. It has always been regarded as a sign of depression and melancholia. D. It was thought to be beneficial in the past but is now considered harmful to mental health. 13. What can be inferred about the role of dopamine in nostalgic experiences? A. It is responsible for the fragmentation of identity during stressful transitions. B. It causes individuals to lose touch with their autobiographical memories. C. It contributes to the positive emotional response generated by recalling the past. D. It inhibits the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex during self-reflection. 14. The author mentions “self-continuity” in Paragraph 3 to explain . A. how nostalgia helps maintain a stable sense of identity amidst life changes B. why people tend to forget their past when they move to new cities C. the biological process of memory retrieval in the human brain D. the difference between existential anxiety and general stress 15. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A. Nostalgia is a double-edged sword that primarily causes people to dwell on the past and ignore the present. B. The release of oxytocin is the sole reason why nostalgia is effective in treating social isolation and loneliness. C. Neuroscience reveals that nostalgia is a complex, adaptive mechanism that benefits mental health and social connection. D. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has proven that nostalgia is identical to the brain’s reward system. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多选项。 Floreana Island used to be home to its own species of giant tortoise (陆龟). But because the Galapagos is in the middle of the sea, it has long been a stopping place for sailors. In the 1800s, these tortoises were hunted for food by sailors, pirates, and settlers. ____16____ Sailors and pirates also brought animals that weren’t from Galapagos, like rats, cats, and goats. Over time, these “introduced” animals have wiped out or threatened many of the animals that make Galapagos special. But the Galapagos National Park and other groups have been working to protect the islands and the special plants and animals that live there. Between 1997 and 2006, experts worked to get rid of the larger introduced animals on many of the Galapagos islands. In 2023, a special effort on Floreana also helped get rid of the rats and wild cats. ____17____The numbers of several native bird species are already increasing. And the Galapagos rail, a bird which hadn’t been seen on the island for nearly 200 years, has been spotted again. Removing the introduced animals also made it safe for tortoises to be returned to Floreana. You might be wondering how Floreana tortoises could be returned if they had already died out. ____18____ In 2008, some tortoises were discovered on Isabela Island that looked very much like Floreana tortoises. Testing showed that their DNA was very similar to that of Floreana tortoises. Since then, scientists in Galapagos have raised over 600 young tortoises, working to make sure the tortoises have as much Floreana tortoise DNA as possible. Workers from the park carried the young tortoises to release them in areas where they’re likely to do well. Many of the tortoises had tracking devices placed on their shells. ____19____ ____20____ As they grow, the tortoises will help clear out areas that are thick with plants, help develop muddy areas into ponds, and spread seeds from plants. A. In time, the species died out. B. As they say, it’s complicated. C. This has made a big difference. D. The return of the tortoises marks a milestone in conservation efforts. E. For centuries, humans have had a destructive impact on the island’s wildlife. F. This will allow scientists to keep an eye on how the tortoises react to their new home. G. Scientists expect that the tortoises will play a big part in restoring the island’s environment. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Five years ago, I woke up after a six-hour operation. Doctors removed a tumor (肿瘤) in my body, and I couldn’t believe it when ____21____ that it was not cancerous. I’d spent the months before the surgery filled with ____22____. I’d used all my strength just to get up and pretend to be OK. Returning home, I attempted to ____23____ what my future life would be like without a dark cloud hanging over me. The initial ____24____ didn’t last long. Life soon looked empty. Months before, I’d left my legal job. Actually, becoming a writer was always my dream, but piles of ____25____ letters made it seem out of reach. It felt ____26____ to be depressed after surviving the surgery, but I was. The only thing that dragged me out was to____27____ my sister’s dog Lucy. I was still weak and never ____28____ exercise, but I couldn’t say no to Lucy. We started out ____29____. At first, I could hardly walk a block with her, but gradually I grew much ____30____ and walked farther. Little by little, I felt alive again. I ____31____ for a part-time job and worked for 3 years. I restarted my writing — not a heavy book, but ____32____ things reminding me I could be a writer. I now write full-time, busy ____33____ new books. It’s harder to find ____34____ to take walks with Lucy, but those simple walks truly ____35____ me. 21. A. told B. reminded C. persuaded D. warned​ 22. A. surprise B. anxiety C. anger D. curiosity​ 23. A. go through B. figure out C. insist on D. give up​ 24. A. courage B. pain C. uncertainty D. relief​ 25. A. rejection B. apology C. thanks D. invitation​ 26. A. right B. fair C. normal D. wrong​ 27. A. touch B. feed C. walk D. bathe​ 28. A. liked B. lacked C. promoted D. skipped​ 29. A. shyly B. slowly C. hurriedly D. proudly​ 30. A. kinder B. calmer C. wiser D. stronger​ 31. A. applied B. hoped C. waited D. accounted​ 32. A. complex B. secret C. small D. messy​ 33. A. ranking B. collecting C. releasing D. illustrating​ 34. A. space B. time C. patience D. drive​ 35. A. represented B. judged C. healed D. tested 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Haoze, a crew member of the ShenzhouXIX mission, is China’s first female spaceflight engineer. During her college years, she was outstanding ____36____ (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Additionally, she represented her school in sports competitions. “It was my postgraduate mentor who led me to a career in the space industry. Professor Gu Fan was very interested in spaceflight ____37____ often discussed relevant topics with us. He also encouraged his postgraduate students to apply for jobs in the space industry,” Wang Haoze recalled, explaining that the professor was so ____38____ (influence) to her that she decided to join the spacecraft research community. As her graduation ____39____ (approach), Wang ____40____ (submit) her resume to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, China’s major research body of liquid-propellant rocket engines. At the institute, Wang was part of the research and development of new models of rocket engines, a new field ____41____ she had never been involved. ____42____ (face) with new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, which appeared as an ____43____ (attract) game to her. On October 30, 2024, she embarked on a space journey aboard Shenzhou-19. Her ____44____ (responsibility) include space experiments, material management, and station affairs. Wang Haoze is ____45____ inspiration, demonstrating courage, perseverance, and a passion for space exploration. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你班上周召开了“维护国家安全，人人有责”主题班会。请给你的澳大利亚好友 Richard写封邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍班会情况； 2．分享你的感受。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Richard, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One afternoon after school, I was lying on my bed listening to music. My mom knocked on the door. “Emma, Mrs. Thompson from down the street just called,” she said. “Her daughter Chloe is having a hard time with math. Could you help her out?” I thought about it for a moment. I was good at math, so I said yes. A few weeks later, I met Chloe for the first time. She was 10 years old and in 5th grade. I opened the math book and showed her some problems. “Let’s try these,” I said. Chloe looked away. “I don’t need this. I’m not going to college. I’ll work at my uncle’s restaurant.” I didn’t know what to say. In my family, everyone believed school was important. I kept telling her to try, but she just asked, “How is this going to help me cook or serve food?” That night, I thought about her question. Maybe she had a point. My brother works at a bank. I never saw him use science or math from school. The next morning, I told my mom, “I don’t think I can teach her. She doesn’t want to learn.” My mom smiled. “Maybe you need to try something different.” I had always learned by reading the book and doing exercises. But now I started thinking of new ideas. Over the next few weeks, I learned more about Chloe. Her parents wanted her to make money from a young age. She had been selling fruits and vegetables in the neighborhood since she was 8. One day, I asked Chloe to come to my house. When she arrived, she found me in the kitchen. I was holding flour and chocolate chips. She looked confused. I handed her an apron (围裙). 注意： 1．写作词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Grab the measuring cups and today we’re baking cookies,” I said. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As we baked, Chloe suddenly asked how to price our cookies. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $