专题06 阅读理解之说明文（期末真题汇编，天津专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 高一下期末说明文阅读理解汇编，精选天津多区域期末真题，涵盖科技（如AI疗愈）、文化（如西班牙午睡）、社会（如免费接送学生）等主题，融合语言能力与思维品质考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|约65题|细节理解（如“payloads”词义）、推理判断（AI疗愈适用范围）、主旨大意（心理强度标题）|情境时代性（可重复使用卫星、大脑控食欲）；思维梯度（从事实到观点推断）；文化关联（跨文化表情识别、西班牙传统与现代冲突）|

专题06 阅读理解之说明文 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津西青·期末）An interesting scientific finding that challenges common beliefs is that eating chocolate can actually be good for you. For a long time, people thought chocolate was just a sweet treat that could make them gain weight and harm their teeth. However, recent research has found that dark chocolate, in particular, can have several health benefits when eaten in small amounts. Dark chocolate is rich in antioxidants (抗氧化剂). These substances can protect your body from damage caused by harmful particles (微粒) called free radicals (自由基). Consuming foods high in antioxidants can help maintain a healthy heart and reduce the risk of certain diseases. Researchers have discovered that the specific types of antioxidants in dark chocolate can improve blood flow and lower blood pressure. So, how can this knowledge be used in our day-to-day lives? First, it’s important to choose dark chocolate that contains at least 70% cocoa. Higher cocoa content means more antioxidants the chocolate contains. Second, consuming it in limited amounts is important. Even though dark chocolate is good for your health, it also contains calories and fat. A small piece of dark chocolate a few times each week is all you need to enjoy its health benefits without extra calories. Another way to apply this knowledge is by eating dark chocolate when you have a desire for sweets. Instead of choosing sugary milk chocolate or candy, a piece of dark chocolate can satisfy your sweet tooth while being healthier. Teachers can use this example to teach students about nutrition and the value of looking at food as a whole. Just because something contains sugar doesn’t mean it’s bad in all cases. This discovery about dark chocolate can encourage students to learn more about the health benefits and downsides of other foods. The idea that all chocolate is unhealthy is challenged by the discovery that dark chocolate can be part of a health y diet. Choosing the right chocolate and eating it in moderation (适度) lets people enjoy its taste and health benefits. This shows how scientific discoveries can reshape our understanding of food and health. 1．What does recent research say about chocolate? A．It’s only for kids. B．It can be healthy. C．It’s made from milk. D．It’s good in big amounts. 2．What can antioxidants help prevent? A．Hunger. B．Feeling uninterested. C．Sleepiness: D．Damage from free radicals. 3．What is the main reason for eating dark chocolate in limited amounts? A．It also contains calories and fat. B．It can make you very energetic. C．It has high levels of caffeine. D．It’s too expensive. 4．Why might teachers discuss dark chocolate in nutrition lessons? A．To show not all sugary foods are harmful. B．To encourage the daily intake of chocolate. C．To frighten students about health risks. D．To argue against eating any sweets. 5．What does the passage suggest about our understanding of food and health? A．It is unchanging and inflexible. B．It is less important than taste. C．It can develop with new studies. D．It has been completely understood. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现黑巧克力有益健康，含抗氧化剂，适量食用为宜，可用于教学，说明科学发现能重塑对食物与健康的认知。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, recent research has found that dark chocolate, in particular, can have several health benefits when eaten in small amounts.(然而，最近的研究发现，特别是黑巧克力，少量食用会有一些健康益处)”可知，近期研究表明巧克力（尤其是黑巧克力）可能是健康的。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dark chocolate is rich in antioxidants (抗氧化剂). These substances can protect your body from damage caused by harmful particles (微粒) called free radicals (自由基).(黑巧克力富含抗氧化剂。这些物质可以保护你的身体免受被称为自由基的有害微粒造成的损害)”可知，抗氧化剂有助于防止自由基带来的损害。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even though dark chocolate is good for your health, it also contains calories and fat. A small piece of dark chocolate a few times each week is all you need to enjoy its health benefits without extra calories.(尽管黑巧克力对你的健康有好处，但它也含有卡路里和脂肪。每周几次吃一小块黑巧克力，就可以享受它的健康益处，而不需要额外的卡路里)”可知，限量食用黑巧克力是因为它含有卡路里和脂肪。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Teachers can use this example to teach students about nutrition and the value of looking at food as a whole. Just because something contains sugar doesn’t mean it’s bad in all cases.(教师可以用这个例子来教学生营养和从整体上看待食物的价值。仅仅因为某物含有糖并不意味着它在所有情况下都是坏的)”可推知，教师在营养课上讨论黑巧克力是为了说明并非所有含糖食物都有害。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This shows how scientific discoveries can reshape our understanding of food and health.(这表明科学发现如何能够重塑我们对食物和健康的理解)” 可推知，文章表明我们对食物和健康的理解会随着新研究而发展。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·五区县·期末）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy (疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mind wellness care in 2024 did not get it because it was too costly or there weren’t enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that’s wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its disadvantages. Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans—something robots can’t fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist (心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1．What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A．That AI therapy is warmer. B．That People feel much pressure. C．That AI tools are free. D．That DeepSeek is popular. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The government control. B．The AI tool. C．The medical standard. D．Mind wellness care. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B．AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C．AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. D．AI cannot perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. 4．Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A．To explain why China needs more therapists. B．To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C．To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D．To give an example of safe AI under rules. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. B．AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. C．AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D．Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了AI疗法在心理健康领域的应用，包括其现状、作用、局限性以及面临的问题和解决办法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems.(由于繁忙的生活方式和工作压力，越来越多的中国人现在转向像DeepSeek这样的人工智能工具来谈论他们的问题。)”可知，人们感到很大的压力，这让人们转向“人工智能疗法”，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mind wellness care in 2024 did not get it because it was too costly or there weren’t enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services.(根据亨廷顿心理服务公司（Huntington Psychological Services）的数据，到2024年，在全球范围内，有45%需要心理健康护理的人没有得到治疗，因为费用太高，或者医生不够。)”可知，第二段中划线的单词“it”指的是心理健康护理。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, AI has its disadvantages. Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans—something robots can’t fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist (心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”.(然而，人工智能也有其弊端。人类治疗师能够通过面对面交谈深入理解患者的情感，并制定出合适的治疗方案——这是机器人无法完全模仿的。北京的心理学家刘阳（音译）博士指出：“人工智能或许能识别出‘离婚’或‘裁员’这样的关键词，但它无法察觉语调或肢体语言中细微的情感变化。”)”可知，第三段的主旨是人工智能在理解深层情感和安全风险方面存在局限性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK.(专家认为，确保人工智能治疗安全性的关键在于政府的严格监管。例如，人工智能心理健康应用Wysa在英国就遵循严格的医疗标准。)”可知，作者提到了Wysa应用是为了在规则监管下提供一个安全的人工智能应用范例。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs.(虽然人工智能提供了快速的帮助，但对于严重的情感需求，人与人之间的联系仍然是不可替代的。)”可知，从文章中我们可以推断出人工智能在基本支持方面很有用，但在严重的情况下就不行了。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·部分区·期末）Imagine running for hours. Your legs ache, your breath feels heavy, and your body shouts, “Stop!” Yet, something deeper speaks quietly and firmly, “Keep going.” This quiet voice is mental strength-the hidden force that helps us push through pain and tiredness. In sports like long-distance running or cycling, the challenge is not only physical. Many athletes say the hardest battle is in their mind. When muscles burn and energy has run out, mental strength steps in. It is like a friend who says, “You can do it,” even when every step feels very hard. How does this work? Our bodies and minds don’t always agree. The body senses pain and wants rest, but the mind can say, “This is tough, but I can handle it.” For example, a runner might focus on small goals: “Just reach that tree ahead,” and then, “Now reach the next lamp post.” Breaking big tasks into tiny steps tricks the brain into moving forward. Pain is part of the journey. But mentally strong people don’t avoid it — they learn to deal with it. They speak calmly to themselves: “Yes, this hurts, but it won’t last forever.” They also remember their “why”-like wanting to finish a race for a loved one or to prove to themselves they can. Interestingly, mental strength grows with practice. Daily habits help build it: trying a new skill despite fear, or smiling after making a mistake. Even small actions help build inner strength. And no one does it alone. Support from friends, family, or teammates adds fuel to that inner fire. Scientists call this “grit” or “perseverance.” It’s not about being fearless or never feeling tired. It’s about saying, “I might feel weak now, but I won’t let that stop me.” Like a tree bending in the wind but not breaking, mental strength lets us adapt and keep growing. So next time you face a challenge-big or small-listen to that quiet voice. It’s stronger than you think. 1．What does the author compare mental strength to? A．A quiet but firm inner voice. B．A scientific problem in running. C．A lamp post marking progress. D．A supportive running partner. 2．According to Para. 3, breaking tasks into small steps helps athletes by ________. A．reducing physical pain significantly B．creating achievable short-term goals C．allowing more time for body recovery D．developing teamwork with supporters 3．How do mentally strong people deal with pain according to Para. 4? A．They avoid thinking about the source of pain. B．They use medicine to control the physical pain. C．They accept the pain with strong purpose. D．They compare it with others’ painful experiences. 4．According to Para 5, what daily habits can help build mental strength? A．Avoiding all kinds of challenging situations. B．Completing tasks only when fully energized. C．Practicing skills after mastering them perfectly. D．Keeping pushing through daily small challenges. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Science of Physical Exercises B．The Quiet Power inside Us C．Team Support in Sports Challenges D．The Mental Challenges in Sports 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“心理力量”展开，阐述其在克服困难中的作用、运作方式及培养方法，强调这种内在的安静力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This quiet voice is mental strength-the hidden force that helps us push through pain and tiredness.(这轻柔的声音就是精神力量——那种潜藏的力量，能帮助我们克服痛苦与疲惫)”可知，作者将一种安静但坚定的内心声音与精神力量进行了比较。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“How does this work? Our bodies and minds don’t always agree. The body senses pain and wants rest, but the mind can say, “This is tough, but I can handle it.” For example, a runner might focus on small goals: “Just reach that tree ahead,” and then, “Now reach the next lamp post.” Breaking big tasks into tiny steps tricks the brain into moving forward.(这是怎么运作的呢？我们的身体和大脑往往并不一致。身体会感知到疼痛并渴望休息，但大脑可能会说：“这确实很艰难，但我能应付得了。”例如，跑步者可能会专注于一些小目标：“先到达前面那棵树那里”，然后是“现在再跑到下一个路灯杆那里”。将大任务分解成小步骤能促使大脑继续前进)”可知，将任务分解成小步骤有助于运动员，因为这能为他们设定可实现的短期目标。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“But mentally strong people don’t avoid it — they learn to deal with it. They speak calmly to themselves: “Yes, this hurts, but it won’t last forever.”(但内心强大的人并不会逃避这种情绪——他们会学会应对它。他们会平静地对自己说：“没错，这确实很痛苦，但这种感觉不会永远持续下去。”)”可知，心理强大的人以坚定的决心接受痛苦。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Interestingly, mental strength grows with practice. Daily habits help build it: trying a new skill despite fear, or smiling after making a mistake.(有趣的是，心理韧性会随着练习而增强。日常习惯有助于培养这种韧性：即便心怀恐惧也要尝试新的技能，或者在犯错后仍能保持微笑)”可知，每天不断克服小挑战有助于增强心理韧性。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This quiet voice is mental strength-the hidden force that helps us push through pain and tiredness.(这轻柔的声音就是精神力量——那种潜藏的力量，能帮助我们克服痛苦与疲惫)”以及文章围绕“心理力量”展开，阐述其在克服困难中的作用、运作方式及培养方法，强调这种内在的安静力量。可知，B选项“我们内心的力量”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·天津南开·期末）China’s first reusable satellite returned to Earth on Friday morning and was recovered at its predetermined landing site in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, according to the China National Space Administration. The administration said in a news release that the Shijian 19 satellite touched down at the Dongfeng Landing Site at 10:39 am and was then opened by ground recovery personnel sent by the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to take out mission payloads. There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices. space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite. Moreover, the Shijian 19 carried science payloads from five nations, including Thailand and Pakistan, according to the administration.The spacecraft was taken into space by a Long March 2D carrier rocket that lifted off from the Jiuquan spaceport on Sept. 27, 2024. China launched its first recoverable satellite in 1975, becoming the third nation, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to have such a spacecraft. The country has launched nearly 30 such spacecraft since then. These satellites have enabled Chinese scientists to carry out hundreds of space-based experiments and tests. However, none of them could be reused, which means they would retire as soon as their payloads were taken out. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerspace Knowledge magazine, said that reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station when it comes to conducting space-based experiments and tests. “Due to the rapid advances in China’s science and technology, we have witnessed an increasing number of scientific experiments and technological tests waiting to be taken into orbit. And that means you could either wait in a long line for an opportunity (for a payload to be carried) onboard the space station or wait for an unpredictable period of time for a place on the next recoverable satellite. “Now, with the service of the new reusable satellite, researchers will have more opportunities to send their experiments or tests into space, and this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive,” he said. 1．Where was the Shijian 19 satellite recovered? A．At the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. B．At the Dongfeng Landing Site. C．At the Tiangong space station. D．At a spaceport in Thailand. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “payloads” in Paragraph 2? A．Satellite fuel. B．Experimental data. C．Objects transported. D．Aerospace personnel. 3．What was the disadvantage of the recoverable satellites before the Shijian 19? A．They were difficult to recover. B．They could only be used once. C．They were damaged when landing. D．They couldn’t keep their payloads well. 4．What role do reusable satellites play alongside the Tiangong space station? A．They complement it. B．They compete with it. C．They replace it entirely. D．They are unrelated to it. 5．What can we infer from what Wang Yanan said in the last paragraph? A．Recoverable satellites are very limited in space. B．Advanced experiments should be conducted in space. C．Reusable satellites bring hope to space-based studies. D．Scientists can rely on the space station to do experiments. 6．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The History of China’s Satellites B．China’s First Reusable Satellite Returns C．An Introduction to China’s Space Station D．Satellite Launching in Different Countries 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国首颗可重复使用卫星返回地球并在内蒙古预定着陆点成功回收的相关情况。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The administration said in a news release that the Shijian 19 satellite touched down at the Dongfeng Landing Site at 10:39 am and was then opened by ground recovery personnel sent by the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to take out mission payloads. (该局在新闻稿中表示，实践19号卫星于上午10点39分在东风着陆场着陆，随后由酒泉卫星发射中心派出的地面回收人员打开，取出任务有效载荷。)”可知，实践19号卫星在东风着陆场被回收。故选B。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The administration said in a news release that the Shijian 19 satellite touched down at the Dongfeng Landing Site at 10:39 am and was then opened by ground recovery personnel sent by the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to take out mission payloads. (该局在新闻稿中表示，实践19号卫星于上午10点39分在东风着陆场着陆，随后由酒泉卫星发射中心派出的地面回收人员打开，取出任务payloads。)”和“There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices, space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite. (卫星内放置了植物种子、微生物样本、技术演示装置、空间实验仪器以及文化物品。)”可知，这些都是被运送到太空的物品，因此可推测payloads意思是“被运送的物品”，与Objects transported意思最接近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“These satellites have enabled Chinese scientists to carry out hundreds of space - based experiments and tests. However, none of them could be reused, which means they would retire as soon as their payloads were taken out. (这些卫星使中国科学家能够进行数百次太空实验和测试。然而，它们都不能重复使用，这意味着一旦有效载荷被取出，它们就会退役。)”可知，之前的可回收卫星的缺点是只能使用一次。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerspace Knowledge magazine, said that reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station when it comes to conducting space-based experiments and tests. (《航空知识》杂志主编王亚男表示，在开展太空实验和测试方面，可重复使用卫星可以与中国天宫空间站形成互补。)”可知，可重复使用卫星与中国天宫空间站是互补的关系。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Now, with the service of the new reusable satellite, researchers will have more opportunities to send their experiments or tests into space, and this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive,” he said. (“现在，有了新型可重复使用卫星的服务，研究人员将有更多机会将他们的实验或测试送入太空，而且这个新平台有望缩短等待时间、降低成本，这无疑将极具吸引力。”他说道。)”可推知，可重复使用卫星为太空研究带来了希望。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“China’s first reusable satellite returned to Earth on Friday morning and was recovered at its predetermined landing site in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, according to the China National Space Administration. (据中国国家航天局消息，中国首颗可重复使用卫星于周五上午返回地球，并在内蒙古自治区的预定着陆点成功回收。)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国首颗可重复使用卫星返回地球并在内蒙古预定着陆点成功回收的相关情况，因此B选项“China’s First Reusable Satellite Returns (中国首颗可重复使用卫星返回)”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·天津南开·期末）In Spain, the siesta (午睡) isn’t just a nap; it’s a cultural institution, deeply woven into the fabric of daily life. From its historical roots to its modern-day practice, the siesta holds a special place in Spanish society. Dating back to ancient civilizations, this midday break has evolved over centuries, shaped by factors like climate, agriculture, and societal norms (社会准则). Ancient civilizations like the Romans and Greeks are believed to have embraced midday naps to escape the heat and replenish (补充) their energy. Over time, this practice became rooted in Mediterranean cultures, including Spain.Factors like Spain’s warm climate and agrarian (农耕的) lifestyle played a big role in shaping the siesta tradition. Farmers needed a break from toiling (劳作) under the sun, and the midday heat made resting a necessity. There were plentiful references to the siesta in Spanish literature, art, and folklore. From paintings depicting people dozing under shady trees to stories of characters enjoying a midday rest, the siesta has been celebrated and romanticized throughout history. The siesta isn’t just a nap; it’s a chance to unwind and connect with friends and family. It’s a time to enjoy a leisurely meal, take a stroll, or simply relax under the warm sun. The siesta reflects Spain’s laid-back approach to life and its emphasis on work-life balance. It’s a reminder to prioritize (优先考虑) rest and relaxation among the hustle and bustle (忙碌) of modern life. In a culture that values family, community, and enjoying the simple pleasures, the siesta is more than just a tradition — it’s a reflection of deeper cultural values. As the world speeds up, the traditional siesta faces some hurdles. With the rise of 24/7 industries and flexible work arrangements, the traditional siesta clashes (冲突) with modern work schedules. Many businesses now operate around the clock, leaving little room for midday breaks. Meanwhile, in today’s competitive market, businesses are under pressure to maximize productivity and efficiency. Some see the siesta as a luxury they can’t afford, deciding to keep operations running non-stop to stay ahead. As Spain evolves, so do its cultural practices. Younger generations may view the siesta differently from their ancestors, prioritizing different aspects of work-life balance. 1．According to the passage, what brought the tradition of siesta in Spain into existence? A．Religious customs and royal orders. B．Urban development and business needs. C．Literary influence and artistic trends. D．Hot climate and hard agricultural life. 2．What does the underlined word “unwind” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Sunbathe. B．Liberate. C．Sleep. D．Refresh. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The practice of siesta is expensive for many people. B．Working schedules are beneficial to midday breaks. C．It is challenging for the tradition of siesta to survive. D．The operation of businesses leaves much time for siesta. 4．What is the main focus of the passage? A．The cultural importance and evolution of the siesta in Spain. B．The health benefits of taking naps. C．How ancient Romans invented the siesta. D．Why modern Spain should abandon the siesta. 5．How does the author view the siesta tradition? A．As a practice only useful for farmers. B．As unimportant to modern Spanish society. C．As an outdated habit that reduces productivity. D．As a valuable cultural practice reflecting life balance. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙午睡(siesta)这一文化传统。文章主要聚焦于西班牙午睡的文化重要性和演变。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ancient civilizations like the Romans and Greeks are believed to have embraced midday naps to escape the heat and replenish (补充) their energy. Over time, this practice became rooted in Mediterranean cultures, including Spain. Factors like Spain’s warm climate and agrarian (农耕的) lifestyle played a big role in shaping the siesta tradition. (古罗马人和希腊人等古代文明为了躲避炎热和补充能量，据说会进行午睡。随着时间的推移，这种做法在地中海文化中扎下了根，包括西班牙。西班牙温暖的气候和农耕生活方式等因素在塑造午睡传统方面发挥了重要作用)”可知，是炎热的气候和艰苦的农耕生活带来了西班牙午睡的传统。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“and connect with friends and family. It’s a time to enjoy a leisurely meal, take a stroll, or simply relax under the warm sun.(和朋友们、家人们交流。这是享受悠闲用餐、散步或在温暖的阳光下简单放松的时候)”可知，午睡不仅仅是睡觉，还是和朋友家人交流以及放松的时候，由此可知画线词意思是“放松，使精力恢复”。D选项“Refresh.(使精力恢复)”与划线词为同义词。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“As the world speeds up, the traditional siesta faces some hurdles. With the rise of 24/7 industries and flexible work arrangements, the traditional siesta clashes (冲突) with modern work schedules.(随着世界节奏的加快，传统的午睡面临一些障碍。随着24小时营业的行业和灵活工作安排的出现，传统的午睡与现代工作时间表发生冲突)”可知，午睡传统在现代社会面临挑战，很难继续维持。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“In Spain, the siesta (午睡) isn’t just a nap; it’s a cultural institution, deeply woven into the fabric of daily life. From its historical roots to its modern-day practice, the siesta holds a special place in Spanish society.(在西班牙，午睡不仅仅是小憩；它是一种文化制度，深深融入日常生活的结构中。从它的历史根源到现代实践，午睡在西班牙社会中占有特殊地位)”可知，文章主要介绍了西班牙午睡的文化重要性和演变。A选项“The cultural importance and evolution of the siesta in Spain.( 西班牙午睡习俗的文化意义及其演变)”概括文章主要内容。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The siesta reflects Spain’s laid-back approach to life and its emphasis on work-life balance. It’s a reminder to prioritize (优先考虑) rest and relaxation among the hustle and bustle (忙碌) of modern life.(午睡反映了西班牙人悠闲的生活方式和对工作生活平衡的重视。它是现代生活忙碌中的一个提醒，提醒我们要优先考虑休息和放松)”可知，作者认为午睡是反映生活平衡的有价值的文化习俗。故选D项。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·天津河东·期末）Scientists may have worked out how to turn a switch on in the brain to stop people overeating and getting fat. Certain cells in the brain could be “turned on” to make someone feel full, driving away their hunger or desire for food. Researchers say they have discovered for the first time which cells need to be stimulated to imitate the effect of eating a meal. And making people feel full could stop them eating so much,helping them to lose weight or avoid becoming fat in the first place. Although drugs already exist to prevent obesity, this discovery could make it easier to be more specific when targeting the area of the brain which controls appetite. A research team experimented on mice to see how the appetite could be controlled by targeting specific cells in the brain. The cells are found in a part of the brain which receives information from the gut (肠道) about how much food has been eaten. This could be used by doctors to tackle obesity, which is a growing problem around the world. In the study, when scientists activated this area of the brain, mice ate less food. “Our discovery opens doors to new appetite medications” Scientists on the study said, “Our discovery opens the door to new medicine that could be developed to control appetite and improve health. We used new techniques that allowed us to turn on these cells with drugs and, by doing this, we were able to reduce food intake.” Drugs could now target specific appetite-controlling brain cells Although pills used in the past to restrict appetite worked by controlling levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (神经质血清素) , this important chemical has other functions in the body that led to unwanted side effects. Reducing appetite could prevent obesity and its health risks The technique able to reduce someone’s appetite using a medicine to limit how much they eat could help people lose weight, therefore reducing their risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, strokes and cancer. 1．How do the cells work to make people feel full and eat less? A．They send information to make people feel full. B．They are controlled by a machine to limit people’s appetite. C．They are activated to make people feel as if they had enough. D．They produce a chemical to reduce people’s appetite. 2．What is the author’s attitude toward the new technique of controlling appetite? A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Passive. 3．What do we know from the passage? A．The author shows great concern over the worldwide problem of obesity. B．Fat people will have a new way to lose weight very soon. C．Pills used in the past to reduce people’s appetite are proved very healthy. D．A mouse’s brain works the same way as that of a human being. 4．The underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably means“ ”. A．find out B．pick out C．bring in D．deal with 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现可通过激活大脑特定细胞让人产生饱腹感、减少进食，这为研发新食欲药物奠基，有助应对肥胖及相关健康风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers say they have discovered for the first time which cells need to be stimulated to imitate the effect of eating a meal.(研究人员表示，他们首次发现了哪些细胞需要被刺激，以模拟进食后的效果。)”及第四段“In the study, when scientists activated this area of the brain, mice ate less food.(在研究中，当科学家激活大脑的这个区域时，老鼠吃得更少了。)”可知，这些细胞被激活后，能让人产生吃饱的感觉，从而减少进食。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Our discovery opens the door to new medicine that could be developed to control appetite and improve health.(我们的发现为开发控制食欲和改善健康的新药打开了大门。)”及最后一段“The technique able to reduce someone’s appetite using a medicine to limit how much they eat could help people lose weight, therefore reducing their risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, strokes and cancer.(这项技术可以通过药物限制饮食量来降低食欲，从而帮助人们减肥，从而降低患2型糖尿病、心脏病、中风和癌症的风险。)”可知，作者对这种新技术持积极支持的态度。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“This could be used by doctors to tackle obesity, which is a growing problem around the world.(医生可以利用这一点来解决肥胖问题，而肥胖在全球范围内正成为一个日益严重的问题。)”可知，作者关注全球肥胖问题。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第三段“This could be used by doctors to tackle obesity,which is a growing problem around the world.(医生可以利用这一点来tackle 肥胖问题，而肥胖在全球范围内正成为一个日益严重的问题。)”可知，“tackle”针对的是“日益严重的肥胖问题”，意为“解决、应对”。D选项deal with(处理、应对)语义一致。故选D项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·四校联考·期末）“Look for the gap” “ Move into space” Sound familiar? From the sidelines to the field, no matter the team sport, looking for relevant information in the playing environment can be as important as any other skill if you want to score. Think Allen Iverson, Scott Pendlebury, or Natalie Medhurst, coolly judging all the options before making important decisions. How do these excellent athletes become so great? As well as their physical strengths, their brainpower is an obvious advantage. Regardless of whether an athlete is playing backyard cricket or Olympic basketball, their playing environment holds important information that must be found, explained and then acted on. Research conducted at Western Sydney University finds skilled players are better at looking for and seeing the options and what’s happening around them in the playing environment. They tend to look both at an opponent (对手) and at where they can move next. Less skilled players, however, might watch only one detail but not what is happening around them. Skilled players are also often faster to make decisions compared to less skilled players; their experiences create more stored memories that help speed up their decision-making. Essentially, skilled players know what information is the most relevant to focus on and they act on it quickly. Adding to this picture is new research that explores the negative impact of mental fatigue (疲劳) on physical performance. This work shows that our ability to exercise can be affected negatively after activities requiring long periods of thinking and mental effort, particularly when these activities are boring. It first considers the impact of using the brain so much that it makes you physically tired. This may be particularly relevant for coaches of young players shifting from the school day to training, especially if the day’s lessons have been complex. Coaches should therefore map out appropriate strategies by considering the amount of information they provide for athletes and the complexity of the tasks and instructions. Overall, cognitive (认知的) skills, like physical qualities, are key to high performance and even play a role in identifying future potential. Cognition could be a reliable marker of ability over time and could provide some basis for prediction of talent. 1．Why are some great athletes mentioned in the text? A．To compare different sports. B．To highlight physical training. C．To stress mental skills in sports. D．To honor their achievements in sports. 2．According to paragraph 2, what advantage do skilled athletes tend to have? A．Faster moving speed. B．Wider focus of attention. C．More efficient teamwork. D．Stronger physical endurance. 3．Successful athletes make decisions quickly by _______. A．referring to previous experience B．ignoring all outside distractions C．learning from opponents’ strategies D．understanding coaches’ instructions 4．What does the author suggest coaches do after their players have had a hard school day? A．Lengthen the warm-up for training. B．Set the training intensity adaptively. C．Prioritize physical over cognitive training. D．Refer to their players’ previous performance. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．The quality of sports talent. B．The overall training in sports. C．The cognitive power in sports. D．The variables affecting sports. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在运动中认知技能对运动员的重要性，如技术娴熟的运动员在认知方面的优势以及认知技能对运动员决策等方面的影响等。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Think Allen Iverson, Scott Pendlebury, or Natalie Medhurst, coolly judging all the options before making important decisions. How do these excellent athletes become so great? As well as their physical strengths, their brainpower is an obvious advantage.( 想想艾伦·艾弗森、斯科特·彭德尔伯里或娜塔莉·梅德赫斯特，在做出重要决定之前，他们会冷静地判断所有的选择。这些优秀的运动员是如何变得如此伟大的？和他们的体力一样，他们的脑力也是一个明显的优势)”可知，文章开篇提到一些著名运动员，然后说他们除了身体优势，脑力也是明显优势。后面围绕运动员的认知技能展开论述，所以提到这些运动员是为了强调在运动中的心智技能（mental skills）。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research conducted at Western Sydney University finds skilled players are better at looking for and seeing the options and what’s happening around them in the playing environment. They tend to look both at an opponent (对手) and at where they can move next. Less skilled players, however, might watch only one detail but not what is happening around them.( 西悉尼大学进行的一项研究发现，熟练的球员更善于寻找和看到选择，以及在比赛环境中他们周围发生的事情。他们倾向于既看对手，又看下一步该往哪里走。然而，技能较差的运动员可能只关注一个细节，而不关注周围发生的事情)”可知，技术娴熟的运动员能更好地寻找和观察比赛环境中的选择以及周围发生的事情，他们会关注对手和自己下一步可以移动的位置，而技术欠佳的运动员可能只关注一个细节。这说明技术娴熟的运动员注意力的关注范围更广。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Skilled players are also often faster to make decisions compared to less skilled players; their experiences create more stored memories that help speed up their decision- making.( 与技能较差的运动员相比，技能娴熟的运动员通常也能更快地做出决定；他们的经历创造了更多的记忆，帮助他们加快决策)”可知，与技术欠佳的运动员相比，技术娴熟的运动员决策也更快，他们的经验创造了更多存储的记忆，有助于加快他们的决策速度。也就是说成功的运动员通过参考以前的经验快速做出决策。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Coaches should therefore map out appropriate strategies by considering the amount of information they provide for athletes and the complexity of the tasks and instructions.( 因此，教练员应考虑他们提供给运动员的信息量以及任务和指示的复杂性，制定出适当的策略)” 可知，在球员经历了辛苦的学校一天后，教练应该通过考虑为运动员提供的信息量以及任务和指令的复杂性来制定合适的策略，也就是适应性地设置训练强度。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合根据第一段中“Think Allen Iverson, Scott Pendlebury, or Natalie Medhurst, coolly judging all the options before making important decisions. How do these excellent athletes become so great? As well as their physical strengths, their brainpower is an obvious advantage.( 想想艾伦·艾弗森、斯科特·彭德尔伯里或娜塔莉·梅德赫斯特，在做出重要决定之前，他们会冷静地判断所有的选择。这些优秀的运动员是如何变得如此伟大的？和他们的体力一样，他们的脑力也是一个明显的优势)”和第二段中“Research conducted at Western Sydney University finds skilled players are better at looking for and seeing the options and what’s happening around them in the playing environment. They tend to look both at an opponent (对手) and at where they can move next. Less skilled players, however, might watch only one detail but not what is happening around them.( 西悉尼大学进行的一项研究发现，熟练的球员更善于寻找和看到选择，以及在比赛环境中他们周围发生的事情。他们倾向于既看对手，又看下一步该往哪里走。然而，技能较差的运动员可能只关注一个细节，而不关注周围发生的事情)”可知，文章主要论述了在运动中认知技能（cognitive skills）对运动员的重要性，如技术娴熟的运动员在认知方面的优势以及认知技能对运动员决策等方面的影响等。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是运动中的认知能力。故选C项。 Passage 8 （24-25高一下·四校联考·期末）To Dr. Krithi Karanth, every person is naturally connected to nature from birth. Yet in rural India, where she works, this connection is often under tension. Kids see pretty dramatic scenes of conflict in their villages: elephants destroy crops, tigers take domestic animals, and sometimes local people are badly injured by wild animals. “Children develop negative views of wildlife as they grow up,” Karanth explains. “Simply knowing India has the world’s largest populations of tigers or Asian elephants doesn’t inspire their pride — it’s not related to them.” Karanth became a conservation scientist in 1999, and a critical moment came in 2017 at the National Geographic Society’s Explorers Festival. Speaking with fellow explorer Gabby Salazar, Karanth discovered that Salazar possessed exceptional educational expertise (专业知识) and had long sought to apply it meaningfully. Karanth then suggested combining education, art, and games to reconnect rural children with wildlife. Karanth’s suggestion immediately drew Salazar. Within six months, the two pooled their strengths and developed the first version of Wild Shaale, an innovative (创新的) program featuring art-based modules, multimedia storytelling, and play-based learning. “Apart from these elements, encouraging the students to find similarities between themselves and wildlife also makes a difference,” Karanth notes. Today, the program has reached over 700 schools and 30,000 children aged 10 to 13 in villages across 20 wildlife parks in India’s Western Ghats. Besides, another 300 schools are expected to join the program within the next year. The impact of Wild Shaale is seen in simple yet profound ways—handwritten notes from students, small gifts like feathers and seeds left for educators, as well as an increasing number of curious questions about wildlife. With Wild Shaale’s success in India, Karanth hopes to expand the program globally. “What works for Indian tigers could adapt to jaguars in South America, cougars in North America, or lions in Africa,” she says. “I believe Wild Shaale should go to every kid on the planet.” 1．How might India’s rural children originally regard wildlife? A．As makers of peace. B．As dangerous threats. C．As national symbols. D．As sources of income. 2．What led to the plan for Wild Shale in the beginning? A．A change in official policies. B．Research findings about wildlife. C．Support from local communities. D．An inspiring exchange of ideas. 3．Which of the following is covered in Wild Shale’s strategies? A．Close-up observation. B．Personalized instruction. C．Standardized testing. D．Emotional connection 4．The figures in paragraph 4 mainly demonstrate ________. A．Wild Shale’s advantages over traditional teaching B．children’s strong awareness of ecological issues C．children’s wide acceptance of Wild Shale D．Wild Shale’s recognition within conservation circles 5．How does Karanth feel about Wild Shale’s future? A．Confident. B．Puzzled. C．Indifferent. D．Worried. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。Krithi Karanth通过Wild Shaale项目帮助印度农村儿童重建与野生动物的情感联结，扭转其将动物视为威胁的负面观念，建立积极的人类与野生动物的关系。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Kids see pretty dramatic scenes of conflict in their villages: elephants destroy crops, tigers take domestic animals, and sometimes local people are badly injured by wild animals. “Children develop negative views of wildlife as they grow up,”(孩子们在他们的村庄里看到了非常巨大的冲突场景：大象破坏庄稼，老虎带走家畜，有时当地人被野生动物严重伤害。“孩子们长大后会对野生动物产生负面看法。”)”可知，印度农村的孩子最初会认为野生动物是引起危险的威胁。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Speaking with fellow explorer Gabby Salazar, Karanth discovered that Salazar possessed exceptional educational expertise (专业知识) and had long sought to apply it meaningfully. Karanth then suggested combining education, art, and games to reconnect rural children with wildlife.(在与探险家Gabby Salazar的交谈中，Karanth发现Salazar拥有非凡的教育专业知识，并且长期以来一直在寻求有意义的应用。Karanth建议将教育、艺术和游戏结合起来，使农村儿童与野生动物重新建立联系)”和第三段中“Karanth’s suggestion immediately drew Salazar. Within six months, the two pooled their strengths and developed the first version of Wild Shaale, an innovative (创新的) program featuring art-based modules, multimedia storytelling, and play-based learning.(Karanth的建议立刻吸引了Salazar。在六个月内，两人汇集了他们的优势，开发了第一个版本的Wild Shaale，这是一个创新的项目，具有基于艺术的模块，多媒体讲故事和基于游戏的学习)”可知，最初是Karanth和Salazar之间启发性的思想交流促成了Wild Shale的计划。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Apart from these elements, encouraging the students to find similarities between themselves and wildlife also makes a difference,” Karanth notes.(Karanth指出，“除了这些因素，鼓励学生发现自己和野生动物之间的相似之处也会有所不同。”)”可知，项目核心策略之一是鼓励学生寻找自身与野生动物的相似性，这属于情感联结。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Today, the program has reached over 700 schools and 30,000 children aged 10 to 13 in villages across 20 wildlife parks in India’s Western Ghats. Besides, another 300 schools are expected to join the program within the next year.(如今，该项目已覆盖印度西高止山脉20个野生动物园村庄的700多所学校和3万名10至13岁的儿童。此外，预计明年还将有300所学校加入该计划)”可知，第4段的数字主要展示了孩子们对Wild Shale的广泛接受。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With Wild Shaale’s success in India, Karanth hopes to expand the program globally.(随着Wild Shaale在印度的成功，Karanth希望将该项目扩展到全球)”可知，Karanth对Wild Shale的未来是自信的。故选A项。 Passage 9 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s driven have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students even call him “Grandpa”. Tina Stern received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free transportation. “It’s not just a ride; you’re not just sitting there in awkward silence or with your headphones on,” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll check on those things. Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal. For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education-but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the experience, “I just love driving, and I love these kids,” Wilson said. “It’s such a privilege (荣耀) to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.” 1．Paul Wilson began offering free rides when _____. A．he was 68 years old. B．he worked as an engineer. C．he set up On Point for College. D．he finished driving 64,000 miles. 2．What does Tina-Stern think of Paul Wilson’s service? A．It functions as a transportation solution. B．It saves students from traffic jams. C．It provides emotional connection. D．It ensures timely arrival at class. 3．Which of the following can best describe Wilson? A．Caring and kind. B．Strict and demanding. C．Intelligent and traditional. D．Responsible and business-minded. 4．Wilson considers helping students as “a privilege” primarily to ______. A．show his pride in his engineering career B．illustrate his intention to be a role model C．highlight the emotional rewards he gains D．emphasize the economic sacrifices he makes 5．What message does the story convey? A．Community programs solve education inequality. B．Acts of kindness can bring rewards to both sides. C．Retirement offers opportunities for volunteering. D．Young people need role models to succeed. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。76岁退休工程师保罗·威尔逊八年来免费接送社区低收入大学生，助其准时到校，关怀备至，学生视其为榜样和朋友，他也乐在其中。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.(76岁的威尔逊是一位退休工程师，过去八年里他一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务)”可知，保罗·威尔逊在68岁时就开始提供免费乘车服务了。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““It’s not just a ride; you’re not just sitting there in awkward silence or with your headphones on,” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll check on those things. (斯特恩说：“这可不只是简单的乘车体验；你不会只是尴尬地沉默坐着或者戴着耳机而已。他会向你提问，并且还会记住你的回答，所以下次你和他一起乘车时，他会再次询问这些内容。”)”可知，蒂娜-斯特恩认为保罗·威尔逊的服务能带来情感上的联结。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students.(威尔逊最初是通过一家名为“为大学提供支持”的非营利组织的学生支持项目成为一名司机的。尽管该项目仅要求成员接送学生上下课，但威尔逊常常会主动去做更多事情，以确保学生的安全和福祉)”以及“If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.(如果他们缺少某些日常必需品，威尔逊会开车去最近的商店购买所需物品。如果学生在往返学校的长途驾驶中感到饥饿，威尔逊会毫不犹豫地为他们买一顿饭)”可知，威尔逊关爱他人且善良。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education-but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the experience, “I just love driving, and I love these kids,” Wilson said. “It’s such a privilege (荣耀) to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.” (对他们来说，与威尔逊一起乘车使他们能够完成学业——但据威尔逊说，他从这段经历中也获益良多，“我只是喜欢开车，也喜欢这些孩子，”威尔逊说，“能成为这些孩子生活的一部分，哪怕只是几个小时，了解他们并倾听他们的故事，这真是一种荣耀。”)”可知，威尔逊认为帮助学生是一种“殊荣”，主要是为了强调他所获得的情感回报。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.(对于许多学生来说，威尔逊的帮助不仅受到感激，而且对他们完成大学学业也是完全必要的)”以及“For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education-but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the experience(对他们来说，与威尔逊一起乘车使他们能够完成学业——但据威尔逊说，他从这段经历中也获益良多)”可知，这个故事传达了善良之举能够给双方带来回报。故选B。 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·耀华中学·期末）People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure,whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how Accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified (多样化) these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1．The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．consider facial expressions universally reliable B．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2．What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 3．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．examine the eyes more attentively B．study the mouth more frequently C．perform translation more successfully D．read facial expressions more correctly 4．What key weakness might critics highlight about the study’s design? A．Dependence on subjective emotion categorization. B．Use of posed photos instead of natural expressions. C．Lack of more diverse American cultural groups. D．Failure to track eye movements during observation. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍东西方人在识别面部表情时的文化差异及原因，并强调面部表情并非普遍情感信号，跨文化交流易产生误解。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.(西方人对眼睛和嘴巴的关注程度相同，而东方人偏爱眼睛，忽视嘴巴。)”可知，研究发现西方人对眼睛和嘴巴给予同等关注。故选B项。 1．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.(研究人员记录了13名西方白种人和13名东亚人的眼球运动，研究他们在识别面部表情时的文化差异。这些人观察带有表情的面部图片，并将其分类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性。)”可知，研究中人们被要求对一些面部图片进行分类。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(结果表明，东方人更关注眼睛，而且比西方人犯的错误多得多。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能更专注地观察眼睛。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). (研究人员记录了13名西方白种人和13名东亚人的眼球运动，研究他们在识别面部表情时的文化差异。这些人观察带有表情的面部图片，并将其分类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性。)”可知，研究仅选取了西方白种人和东亚人，缺乏更多元化的美国文化群体，这可能是批评者会强调的研究设计的主要缺陷。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.(东亚人往往比欧洲人更难区分面部表情——《当代生物学》在线发表的一份新报告解释了原因。)”及最后一段中的“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.(简而言之，数据表明面部表情并不是人类情感的通用信号。)”可知，本文主要介绍了在解读情感方面存在的文化差异，因此“解读情感的文化差异”可以概括文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期末）Cigarettes aren’t good for any animal’s health, but leaving it to nature has helped find a way of putting their poisonous ingredients to use. One kind of bird has apparently begun using cigarette butts (烟蒂). to pack their nests in order to keep ticks (a small insect) out, reports New Scientist. Ticks bring a major health risk to young urban house finches (雀科小鸟), taking in their blood and even eating their feathers. So finch parents do everything they can to keep their nests tick-free, but it’s not easy. At some point, the birds must have noticed that when cigarette butts are used to pack the nest, the ticks stay away. It’s extraordinarily innovative and adaptive behavior, even if it means having to live in a virtual ashtray (烟灰缸). The researchers weren’t sure if cigarette-decorated nests were actually providing protection from pests, or if there was some other explanation for the strange behavior. So Constantino Macias Garcia and colleagues at the National Autonomous University of Mexico conducted a study involving 32 finches. The team added live ticks to 10 of the nests, added dead ticks to another 10 and left 12 free of ticks. Sure enough, finch parents were significantly more likely to add cigarette butts to their nests if they contained ticks. Furthermore, the weight of cigarette butt material added to nests was 40 percent greater on average when live ticks were involved instead of dead ones. Macias Garcia found that there was a secondhand cost for the birds, however. Packing nests with cigarette butts isn’t good for the birds either. “The butts cause genetic damage to finches by affecting cell division, which we assessed by looking at their red blood cells,” he said. The researchers will need to conduct a long-term study to know exactly how living with cigarette butts impacts bird populations. 1．What do urban house finches use cigarette butts for? A．Keeping warm from cold wind. B．Building their nests more easily. C．Making their babies feel comfortable. D．Preventing ticks from living in their nests. 2．What can we learn about urban house finches in Paragraph 2? A．Many young urban house finches have been killed by ticks. B．Finch parents are always good at dealing with ticks. C．They are commonly regarded as dirty birds. D．The author thinks highly of their use of cigarette butts. 3．Which of the following had the most cigarette butt material in the experiment? A．The 12 nests with no ticks at all. B．The 12 nests weighing 40 percent heavier. C．The 10 nests with live ticks. D．The 10 nests with dead ticks. 4．According to Macias Garcia, ________ . A．cigarette butts can do some harm to the birds B．the birds did not take home cigarette butts purposely C．the birds’ behavior increases the cost of environmental protection D．living with cigarette butts will reduce bird populations 5．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A fashion magazine. B．A scientific journal. C．A travel-guide book. D．A cooking recipe book. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市雀科小鸟用烟蒂筑巢来驱赶蜱虫，但烟蒂也会对它们造成基因损伤，还提及了相关研究情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“One kind of bird has apparently begun using cigarette butts (烟蒂) to pack their nests in order to keep ticks (a small insect) out, reports New Scientist.(据《新科学家》报道，一种鸟类显然已经开始用烟蒂来筑巢，以驱赶蜱虫(一种小昆虫))”可知，城市雀科小鸟用烟蒂是为了驱赶蜱虫，防止蜱虫在它们的巢里生存。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At some point, the birds must have noticed that when cigarette butts are used to pack the nest, the ticks stay away. It’s extraordinarily innovative and adaptive behavior, even if it means having to live in a virtual ashtray (烟灰缸). (在某种程度上，鸟类想必早已发现，用烟蒂筑巢可以驱除蜱虫。即便代价是不得不生活在“虚拟烟灰缸”中，但这种行为极具创新性和适应性)”可知，作者高度评价了家雀使用烟蒂的行为，认为它们极具创新性和适应性。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sure enough, finch parents were significantly more likely to add cigarette butts to their nests if they contained ticks. Furthermore, the weight of cigarette butt material added to nests was 40 percent greater on average when live ticks were involved instead of dead ones.(果不其然，当鸟巢中有蜱虫时，雀鸟父母明显更倾向于叼来烟蒂筑巢。更值得注意的是，当面对活蜱虫而非死蜱虫时，鸟巢中烟蒂材料的平均重量会增加40%)”可知，在实验中，有活蜱虫的10个巢里烟蒂材料最多。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Macias Garcia found that there was a secondhand cost for the birds, however. Packing nests with cigarette butts isn’t good for the birds either. ‘The butts cause genetic damage to finches by affecting cell division, which we assessed by looking at their red blood cells,’ he said.(然而，马西亚斯·加西亚发现，这些鸟类也付出了间接代价。用烟蒂筑巢对鸟类也不好。“烟蒂会通过影响细胞分裂对雀科小鸟造成基因损伤，我们通过观察它们的红细胞来评估这一点，”他说)”可知，Macias Garcia认为烟蒂会对鸟类造成一些伤害。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“So Constantino Macias Garcia and colleagues at the National Autonomous University of Mexico conducted a study involving 32 finches.(所以墨西哥国立自治大学的康斯坦丁诺·马西亚斯·加西亚和他的同事们对32只雀科小鸟进行了一项研究)”以及后文对研究过程和结果的阐述可知，文章围绕鸟类使用烟蒂筑巢展开了科学研究和分析，所以这篇文章可能来自科学期刊。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Optical illusions (视错觉) are great fun, and they fool almost everyone. But have you ever wondered if you could train yourself to unsee these illusions? Our latest research suggests that you can. Take a look at the picture below. The black circle on your right appears to be bigger than the left one, right? But they are in fact the same. This happens because your visual system uses context to figure out what you are seeing: something surrounded by smaller things is often quite big. This classic example of optical illusion was discovered by German psychologist Herman Ebbinghaus in the 19th century, and scientists have been studying it and similar illusions ever since. Earlier studies show that how much people are affected by optical illusions depends on different kinds of factors. For example, women see things more in context and are more affected by the illusion than men. Young children, on the other hand, do not see illusions at all, because it takes them time to learn how to use context clues. Culture also plays a role. Research has found that Japanese people experience more obvious effects than British people in this kind of illusion. It’s because East Asian perception (认知) tends to take everything into account while Western perception focuses more on central objects. Despite all these individual differences, scientists have always thought that you have no choice over whether you see the illusion or not. Our recent research challenges this idea by comparing the judgments of illusions made by 44 radiologists (放射科医生) to those of over 100 psychologists and medical students. Radiologists take part in an intensive training to ignore surrounding details and quickly spot very important information in medical scans, which seems to make them better at seeing through illusions. Below is an image used in our experiment. The white circle on the left is 6 percent smaller than the one on the right, but most people who took part t in the experiment—radiologist or not—saw it as larger. We gradually reduced the size of the left circle. Most radiologists saw through it when the left circle is 10 percent smaller than the right one, while most non-radiologists did not until the difference was nearly 18 percent. There is still much to discover, and perhaps the most exciting finding is that training with optical illusions can improve radiologists’ skills in their work. 1．Why are young children rarely affected by optical illusions? A．They are more focused. B．They have better eyesight. C．They haven’t learned to use context yet. D．They are too young to understand images. 2．What do the underlined words “this idea” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Westerners are more self-centered and confident. B．Culture influences how people view optical illusions. C．Women are more affected by optical illusions than men. D．People have no control over how they perceive optical illusions. 3．What does the result of the recent research indicate? A．Children can avoid illusion naturally. B．East Asians are more affected by illusions. C．Optical illusions appear in specific types of images. D．Radiologists can be trained to unsee optical illusions. 4．What skill can radiologists improve through illusion training? A．Creating medical images. B．Identifying color changes. C．Noticing key details in scans. D．Operating scanning machines. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Optical illusions are fun but always fool us. B．Training can help people be less fooled by illusions. C．Cultural background has a strong effect on optical illusions. D．Radiologists use illusions to improve their medical scanning. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了研究表明视错觉可通过训练“看穿”，如放射科医生因训练更易识破，且相关训练或提升其工作技能。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Young children, on the other hand, do not see illusions at all, because it takes them time to learn how to use context clues.(而年幼的孩子则完全不会受到错觉的影响，因为他们需要时间来学会如何利用情境线索)”可知，幼儿很少会受到视觉错觉的影响是因为他们尚未学会运用背景信息来理解事物。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Despite all these individual differences, scientists have always thought that you have no choice over whether you see the illusion or not.(尽管存在诸多个体差异，但科学家们一直认为，你无法控制自己是否能够察觉到这种错觉)”可知，人们无法控制自己是否能够察觉到这种错觉，但最新的研究挑战了这一说法。故划线词指的是“人们无法控制自己对视觉错觉的感知方式”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Radiologists take part in an intensive training to ignore surrounding details and quickly spot very important information in medical scans, which seems to make them better at seeing through illusions.(放射科医生接受过严格的训练，能够忽略周围细节，迅速在医学扫描图像中发现非常重要的信息，这似乎使他们更擅长识破错觉)”可知，最近的研究结果表明放射科医生可以通过培训来不再受到视觉错觉的影响。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Radiologists take part in an intensive training to ignore surrounding details and quickly spot very important information in medical scans, which seems to make them better at seeing through illusions.(放射科医生接受过严格的训练，能够忽略周围细节，迅速在医学扫描图像中发现非常重要的信息，这似乎使他们更擅长识破错觉)”以及最后一段“There is still much to discover, and perhaps the most exciting finding is that training with optical illusions can improve radiologists’ skills in their work.(还有很多有待探索的地方，而最令人兴奋的发现是，通过运用视觉错觉进行训练能够提升放射科医生的工作技能)”可知，放射科医生通过幻觉训练能够提升识别扫描图像中的关键细节。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Optical illusions (视错觉) are great fun, and they fool almost everyone. But have you ever wondered if you could train yourself to unsee these illusions? Our latest research suggests that you can.(视错觉十分有趣，而且几乎所有人都会被它们所迷惑。但你是否曾想过，自己是否能够训练自己不再被这些错觉所迷惑呢？我们最新的研究表明，这是可以做到的)”结合文章说明了研究表明视错觉可通过训练“看穿”，如放射科医生因训练更易识破，且相关训练或提升其工作技能。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是训练能够帮助人们减少被错觉所迷惑的情况。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新区·期末） Exercise when you are tired. After a long and tiring day of work, an offer to exercise might not sound like a good idea, but it should. In fact, it is a physical activity that can provide the missing energy. The research shows that just one 30-minute-long moderate-intensity (中等强度的) exercise reduces tiredness, improves emotions and dispels the sad thoughts. Write by hand to activate the brain. The researchers say that although typing with the computer succeeds in systematizing material quickly, it is much better to memorize the whole thing by writing it all down with your hand. Specialists say that to learn something necessary, we need to absorb it and some notes taken by hand can help to absorb or learn more information. Improve relationships by spending less time together. Running from one event to another without a chance to breathe can damage personal relationships. A recent study shows that by taking time for yourself and just being alone for a while, you can have an opportunity to think and avoid acting impulsively (冲动地). And you get to know yourself better. Do not drink diet carbonated beverages if you want to lose weight. To get rid of unnecessary pounds it is suggested that people give up soda water in general, including dietary. The research shows that overweight adults, who are drinking a diet soda with food, take in more calories (卡路里) than those who drink regular soda. On a hot day drink hot but not cold beverages. What cools more during a hot summer morning: cold or hot coffee? Two recent studies show that in fact, it is the hot coffee that makes people cooler. When you are drinking something hot, the body will assess the change in temperature and increase the act of sweating. So we sweat to cool down. 1．According to the passage, exercising when people feel tired can ________ . A．cause great damage to the body B．help to make up for the lost energy C．make people feel even more tired D．lead to long and deep sleep 2．The underlined word “dispels” can be replaced by ________  . A．displays B．brings about C．drives away D．runs out of 3．Which is advised to do in this passage? A．Take notes with the computer to save time. B．Write by hand to better memorize things. C．Spend more time staying with friends. D．Take part in more social activities to meet new people. 4．To cool down on hot summer days, we’d better drink ________ . A．hot water B．icy coffee C．diet soda water D．cold regular soda water 5．Which method does the author use to develop the passage? A．Telling stories. B．Giving examples. C．Making comparisons. D．Presenting research results. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种生活建议，如疲劳时锻炼、手写笔记、适度独处、减肥不喝无糖汽水以及热天喝热饮等，并给出了相关研究结果。 【详解】61．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After a long and tiring day of work, an offer to exercise might not sound like a good idea, but it should. In fact, it is a physical activity that can provide the missing energy.(经过漫长而疲惫的一天工作后，有人提议去锻炼可能听起来不像个好主意，但事实恰恰相反。实际上，运动正是一种能为你补充缺失能量的身体活动)”可知，当人们感到疲劳时锻炼可以帮助补充失去的能量。故选B项。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The research shows that just one 30-minute-long moderate-intensity (中等强度的) exercise reduces tiredness, improves emotions and dispels the sad thoughts.(研究表明，仅仅一次30分钟的中等强度运动就能减轻疲劳、改善情绪并dispels消极的想法)”中“reduces tiredness, improves emotions”可推知，运动有诸多好处，所以它也可以“驱散”消极的想法。划线词dispels意为“驱散”，与C项“drives away”意思相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Write by hand to activate the brain部分中“The researchers say that although typing with the computer succeeds in systematizing material quickly, it is much better to memorize the whole thing by writing it all down with your hand.(研究人员说，虽然用电脑打字能快速地将材料系统化，但用手写把所有内容记下来来记忆整个内容要好得多)”可知，文中建议用手写来更好地记忆东西。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Two recent studies show that in fact, it is the hot coffee that makes people cooler. When you are drinking something hot, the body will assess the change in temperature and increase the act of sweating. So we sweat to cool down.(最近的两项研究表明，事实上，是热咖啡让人感觉更凉爽。当你喝热的东西时，身体会评估温度的变化并增加出汗的行为。所以我们通过出汗来降温)”可知，在炎热的夏天为了降温，我们最好喝热水。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。文中第一段提到“The research shows that just one 30-minute-long moderate-intensity (中等强度的) exercise reduces tiredness, improves emotions and dispels the sad thoughts.(研究表明，仅仅一次30分钟的中等强度运动就能减轻疲劳、改善情绪并驱散悲伤的想法)”，第三段提到“A recent study shows that by taking time for yourself and just being alone for a while, you can have an opportunity to think and avoid acting impulsively (冲动地).(最近的一项研究表明，给自己一些时间，独自待一会儿，你就有机会思考并避免冲动行事)”，最后一段提到“Two recent studies show that in fact, it is the hot coffee that makes people cooler.(最近的两项研究表明，事实上，热咖啡会让人感觉更凉爽)”等内容，作者通过呈现这些研究结果来阐述各种生活建议。所以作者是通过呈现研究结果的方法来展开文章的。故选D项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）If you find yourself unable to go more than 15 minutes without reaching into your pocket, pulling out your smart-phone and checking your e-mail or WeChat, don’t panic. You are hardly alone. A recent survey shows that smart-phone users have developed “checking habit” — frequent checks of e-mail and other Apps. The checks normally lasted less than 30seconds and were often done every 10 minutes. On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don’t even realize they are doing it. “I hadn’t told my hand to reach out for the phone. It seemed to be doing it all on its own,” wrote Elizabeth Cohen, a medical correspondent for CNN who watched her right hand sneaking away from her side to grab her phone while sitting on the table at dinner with friends. Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explained that checking smart-phones is rewarding in some way. “Each time you get an e-mail, it’s a little bit exciting, because it means a positive feedback that you’re an important person,” Frank told CNN. Once the brain becomes used to this positive feedback, reaching out for the phone becomes an automatic action you don’t even think about consciously, said Frank. Professor Clifford Nass of Stanford University added that constantly checking your smart-phone is also “an attempt to not have to think hard but feel like you are doing something”. However, every coin has two sides. This habit can cause problems. Studies show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart-phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according to Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF. That’s not the worst. A survey by South Korean marriage consulting agency Duo earlier this year shows that “checking habit” is destroying intimate relationships, reports The Korea Herald (先驱报). A bout half of the respondents said they had had fights with their boyfriend or girlfriend because of smart-phones. And 32.8 percent of them had fights because their partners habitually check their smartphones. In this respect, checking smart-phones at regular intervals is a bad habit. But just as an old saying goes, “Bad habits die hard.” So, to get rid of the checking habit, Cohen suggests establishing phone-free times and zones. 1．With the words by Elizabeth Cohen in Paragraph 1, the author intends to show ________. A．what a “checking habit” is B．the common existence of “checking habit” C．the unconsciousness of “checking habit” D．the harm of “checking habit” to people 2．According to Loren Frank, checking smart-phones frequently is ________. A．worthwhile in some way B．unimportant for those busy people C．necessary to think hard D．likely to cause neurological diseases 3．According to Paragraph 3, what negative effects may “checking habit” have on students? A．They might fail in their exams. B．They might get distracted from their work. C．They would make friends with unfamiliar people. D．They would manage to break up with their close friends. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A smart-phone consumption survey. B．The advantages of smart-phone checking habit. C．The addiction to smart-phone checking. D．The ways to quit smart-phone checking habit. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机用户的“查看习惯”，分析了这一习惯的成因、影响，并提出了相应的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A recent survey shows that smart-phone users have developed “checking habit”—frequent checks of e-mail and other Apps. The checks normally lasted less than 30seconds and were often done every 10 minutes. On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don’t even realize they are doing it. “I hadn’t told my hand to reach out for the phone. It seemed to be doing it all on its own,” wrote Elizabeth Cohen, a medical correspondent for CNN who watched her right hand sneaking away from her side to grab her phone while sitting on the table at dinner with friends. (最近一项调查显示，智能手机用户已形成“查看习惯”：频繁检查邮件和其他应用程序。这类查看通常持续不到30秒，且每10分钟就会发生一次。研究对象平均每天查看手机34次，最奇怪的是他们甚至意识不到自己在做什么。美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）医学记者Elizabeth Cohen写道：“我没让手去拿手机，但它似乎自己就动了。”她曾在和朋友共进晚餐时，看到自己的右手偷偷从身侧伸出抓起手机。)”可知，作者引用Elizabeth Cohen的例子是为了说明查看习惯的无意识性。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explained that checking smart-phones is rewarding in some way. “Each time you get an e-mail, it’s a little bit exciting, because it means a positive feedback that you’re an important person,” Frank told CNN. (加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）的神经科学家Loren Frank解释说，查看智能手机在某种程度上会带来奖励感。“每次收到邮件时，都会有一丝兴奋，因为这意味着一种积极反馈，表明你是个重要的人。”Frank告诉 CNN。)”可知，Loren Frank 认为查看智能手机在某种程度上是有回报的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Studies show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart-phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according to Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF. (加州大学旧金山分校的神经学家Adam Gazzaley表示，研究表明，每当你停下手中的事去查看手机，就很难再回到原本的任务上。)”可推测，查看手机会让学生在学习时注意力被分散。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章围绕智能手机用户频繁查看手机的习惯展开，先通过调查数据说明该习惯的普遍性和无意识性，再从神经科学角度解释其成因（积极反馈导致成瘾），最后阐述负面影响。选项C“The addiction to smart-phone checking(对查看智能手机的成瘾)”概括了文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect”. That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 1．What is generally believed about the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”? A．She attracts the viewers to look back. B．She seems mysterious because of her eyes. C．She fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers. D．She looks at the viewers wherever they stand. 2．Why was the experiment involving 24 people conducted? A．To confirm Horstmann’s belief. B．To create artificial-intelligence avatars. C．To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze. D．To explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B．The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C．Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D．The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgment. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕列奥纳多·达·芬奇名画《蒙娜丽莎》中人物的凝视现象展开，通过介绍一项新研究的结果，解释了“蒙娜丽莎效应”的实际表现及其成因，同时探讨了人们普遍存在的误解。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.(众所周知，列奥纳多・达・芬奇最著名画作中的女子似乎会回望观察者，无论人们站在房间何处，她的目光都会跟随而来。但这一常识其实是错误的)”可知，人们普遍认为无论观者站在何处，蒙娜丽莎都会注视着他们。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen.( Horstmann和他的合著者原本在研究这种效应在人工智能虚拟头像创作中的应用，期间Horstmann长时间观察《蒙娜丽莎》后发现，画中女子并未注视自己。为验证这并非个例，研究人员让24人在电脑屏幕上观看《蒙娜丽莎》的图像进行测试)”可知，Horstmann发现蒙娜丽莎并未注视自己后，为了确认这并非个例，即验证自己的观点，才进行了24人的实验。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.(他说，可能是人们渴望被注视，因此误以为画中女子在直视自己；也可能是最初创造“蒙娜丽莎效应”这一术语的人觉得这个名字很酷)”可知，人们觉得蒙娜丽莎在注视自己，可能是因为渴望被关注。故选C。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·五区县·期末）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy(疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist(心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1．What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A．AI therapy is warmer. B．AI tools are free. C．People feel much pressure. D．DeepSeek is popular. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Mental health care. B．The AI tool. C．The medical standard. D．The government control. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B．AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C．AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D．AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4．Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A．To give an example of safe AI under rules. B．To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C．To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D．To explain why China needs more therapists. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B．AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C．AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D．Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了AI疗法在心理健康领域的应用，包括其现状、作用、局限性以及面临的问题和解决办法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. (由于忙碌的生活方式和工作压力，现在越来越多的中国人转向像 DeepSeek 这样的人工智能工具来谈论他们的问题)”可知，是人们感受到的巨大压力使得他们求助于 “人工智能疗法”。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services.(根据亨廷顿心理服务机构的数据，在 2024 年，全世界有 45% 需要心理健康护理的人没有得到护理，因为费用太高或者没有足够的医生)”可知，“it” 指代的是前文提到的 “mental health care”。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist( 心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous.(然而，人工智能有其局限性。人类治疗师通过面对面的交谈深入理解情感，并制定合适的治疗计划，这是机器人无法完全复制的。北京的心理学家刘阳博士指出：“人工智能可能会识别像‘离婚’或‘裁员’这样的关键词，但它无法发现语气或肢体语言中细微的情感变化。” 在处理一系列情况时，这一点变得很重要，因为在这些情况下误解可能是危险的)”可知，第三段主要介绍了人工智能在理解深层情感方面存在局限性，并且存在一定风险。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK.(另一个问题是安全。人工智能可能在没有适当培训或规则的情况下扮演治疗师的角色。它无法达到人类治疗师所具有的责任水平。专家认为，安全的人工智能疗法的关键是严格的政府控制。例如，英国的人工智能心理健康应用程序 Wysa 遵循严格的医疗标准)”可推知，作者提到 Wysa 应用程序是为了举一个在规则下安全使用的人工智能的例子。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs.(随着人工智能成为日常生活的一部分，在其好处和风险之间找到平衡很重要。虽然人工智能提供了快速的帮助，但对于严重的情感需求，人与人之间的联系仍然是不可替代的)”可知，人工智能对于基本的情感支持是有用的，但对于严重的情况是不够的，无法替代人类。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学科网 1.B 2.D 3.A 1.B 2.D 3.C 1.A 2.B 3.C 1.B 2.C 3.B 1.D 2.D 3.C 1.C 2.C 3.A 1.C 2.B 3.A 1.B 2.D 3.D 1.A 2.C 3.A www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题06阅读理解之说明文 基础 必练 Passage 1 4.A5.C Passage 2 4.D 5.A Passage 3 4.D5.B Passage 4 4.A5.C 6.B Passage 5 4.A5.D Passage 6 4.D Passage 7 4.B5.C Passage 8 4.C5.A Passage 9 4.C5.B 进阶 提升 Passage 1 / 命学科网 1.B2.C3.A4.C 1.D2.D3.C4.A 1.C2.D3.D4.C 1.B2.C3.B4.A 1.C2.A3.B4.C 1.D2.A3.C 1.C2.A3.D4.A www zxxk.com 5.B Passage 2 5.B Passage 3 5.B Passage 4 5.D Passage 5 Passage 6 Passage 7 5.B / 让教与学更高效 专题06 阅读理解之说明文 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津西青·期末）An interesting scientific finding that challenges common beliefs is that eating chocolate can actually be good for you. For a long time, people thought chocolate was just a sweet treat that could make them gain weight and harm their teeth. However, recent research has found that dark chocolate, in particular, can have several health benefits when eaten in small amounts. Dark chocolate is rich in antioxidants (抗氧化剂). These substances can protect your body from damage caused by harmful particles (微粒) called free radicals (自由基). Consuming foods high in antioxidants can help maintain a healthy heart and reduce the risk of certain diseases. Researchers have discovered that the specific types of antioxidants in dark chocolate can improve blood flow and lower blood pressure. So, how can this knowledge be used in our day-to-day lives? First, it’s important to choose dark chocolate that contains at least 70% cocoa. Higher cocoa content means more antioxidants the chocolate contains. Second, consuming it in limited amounts is important. Even though dark chocolate is good for your health, it also contains calories and fat. A small piece of dark chocolate a few times each week is all you need to enjoy its health benefits without extra calories. Another way to apply this knowledge is by eating dark chocolate when you have a desire for sweets. Instead of choosing sugary milk chocolate or candy, a piece of dark chocolate can satisfy your sweet tooth while being healthier. Teachers can use this example to teach students about nutrition and the value of looking at food as a whole. Just because something contains sugar doesn’t mean it’s bad in all cases. This discovery about dark chocolate can encourage students to learn more about the health benefits and downsides of other foods. The idea that all chocolate is unhealthy is challenged by the discovery that dark chocolate can be part of a health y diet. Choosing the right chocolate and eating it in moderation (适度) lets people enjoy its taste and health benefits. This shows how scientific discoveries can reshape our understanding of food and health. 1．What does recent research say about chocolate? A．It’s only for kids. B．It can be healthy. C．It’s made from milk. D．It’s good in big amounts. 2．What can antioxidants help prevent? A．Hunger. B．Feeling uninterested. C．Sleepiness: D．Damage from free radicals. 3．What is the main reason for eating dark chocolate in limited amounts? A．It also contains calories and fat. B．It can make you very energetic. C．It has high levels of caffeine. D．It’s too expensive. 4．Why might teachers discuss dark chocolate in nutrition lessons? A．To show not all sugary foods are harmful. B．To encourage the daily intake of chocolate. C．To frighten students about health risks. D．To argue against eating any sweets. 5．What does the passage suggest about our understanding of food and health? A．It is unchanging and inflexible. B．It is less important than taste. C．It can develop with new studies. D．It has been completely understood. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·五区县·期末）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy (疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mind wellness care in 2024 did not get it because it was too costly or there weren’t enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that’s wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its disadvantages. Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans—something robots can’t fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist (心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1．What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A．That AI therapy is warmer. B．That People feel much pressure. C．That AI tools are free. D．That DeepSeek is popular. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The government control. B．The AI tool. C．The medical standard. D．Mind wellness care. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B．AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C．AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. D．AI cannot perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. 4．Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A．To explain why China needs more therapists. B．To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C．To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D．To give an example of safe AI under rules. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. B．AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. C．AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D．Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·部分区·期末）Imagine running for hours. Your legs ache, your breath feels heavy, and your body shouts, “Stop!” Yet, something deeper speaks quietly and firmly, “Keep going.” This quiet voice is mental strength-the hidden force that helps us push through pain and tiredness. In sports like long-distance running or cycling, the challenge is not only physical. Many athletes say the hardest battle is in their mind. When muscles burn and energy has run out, mental strength steps in. It is like a friend who says, “You can do it,” even when every step feels very hard. How does this work? Our bodies and minds don’t always agree. The body senses pain and wants rest, but the mind can say, “This is tough, but I can handle it.” For example, a runner might focus on small goals: “Just reach that tree ahead,” and then, “Now reach the next lamp post.” Breaking big tasks into tiny steps tricks the brain into moving forward. Pain is part of the journey. But mentally strong people don’t avoid it — they learn to deal with it. They speak calmly to themselves: “Yes, this hurts, but it won’t last forever.” They also remember their “why”-like wanting to finish a race for a loved one or to prove to themselves they can. Interestingly, mental strength grows with practice. Daily habits help build it: trying a new skill despite fear, or smiling after making a mistake. Even small actions help build inner strength. And no one does it alone. Support from friends, family, or teammates adds fuel to that inner fire. Scientists call this “grit” or “perseverance.” It’s not about being fearless or never feeling tired. It’s about saying, “I might feel weak now, but I won’t let that stop me.” Like a tree bending in the wind but not breaking, mental strength lets us adapt and keep growing. So next time you face a challenge-big or small-listen to that quiet voice. It’s stronger than you think. 1．What does the author compare mental strength to? A．A quiet but firm inner voice. B．A scientific problem in running. C．A lamp post marking progress. D．A supportive running partner. 2．According to Para. 3, breaking tasks into small steps helps athletes by ________. A．reducing physical pain significantly B．creating achievable short-term goals C．allowing more time for body recovery D．developing teamwork with supporters 3．How do mentally strong people deal with pain according to Para. 4? A．They avoid thinking about the source of pain. B．They use medicine to control the physical pain. C．They accept the pain with strong purpose. D．They compare it with others’ painful experiences. 4．According to Para 5, what daily habits can help build mental strength? A．Avoiding all kinds of challenging situations. B．Completing tasks only when fully energized. C．Practicing skills after mastering them perfectly. D．Keeping pushing through daily small challenges. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Science of Physical Exercises B．The Quiet Power inside Us C．Team Support in Sports Challenges D．The Mental Challenges in Sports Passage 4 （24-25高一下·天津南开·期末）China’s first reusable satellite returned to Earth on Friday morning and was recovered at its predetermined landing site in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, according to the China National Space Administration. The administration said in a news release that the Shijian 19 satellite touched down at the Dongfeng Landing Site at 10:39 am and was then opened by ground recovery personnel sent by the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to take out mission payloads. There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices. space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite. Moreover, the Shijian 19 carried science payloads from five nations, including Thailand and Pakistan, according to the administration.The spacecraft was taken into space by a Long March 2D carrier rocket that lifted off from the Jiuquan spaceport on Sept. 27, 2024. China launched its first recoverable satellite in 1975, becoming the third nation, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to have such a spacecraft. The country has launched nearly 30 such spacecraft since then. These satellites have enabled Chinese scientists to carry out hundreds of space-based experiments and tests. However, none of them could be reused, which means they would retire as soon as their payloads were taken out. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerspace Knowledge magazine, said that reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station when it comes to conducting space-based experiments and tests. “Due to the rapid advances in China’s science and technology, we have witnessed an increasing number of scientific experiments and technological tests waiting to be taken into orbit. And that means you could either wait in a long line for an opportunity (for a payload to be carried) onboard the space station or wait for an unpredictable period of time for a place on the next recoverable satellite. “Now, with the service of the new reusable satellite, researchers will have more opportunities to send their experiments or tests into space, and this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive,” he said. 1．Where was the Shijian 19 satellite recovered? A．At the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. B．At the Dongfeng Landing Site. C．At the Tiangong space station. D．At a spaceport in Thailand. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “payloads” in Paragraph 2? A．Satellite fuel. B．Experimental data. C．Objects transported. D．Aerospace personnel. 3．What was the disadvantage of the recoverable satellites before the Shijian 19? A．They were difficult to recover. B．They could only be used once. C．They were damaged when landing. D．They couldn’t keep their payloads well. 4．What role do reusable satellites play alongside the Tiangong space station? A．They complement it. B．They compete with it. C．They replace it entirely. D．They are unrelated to it. 5．What can we infer from what Wang Yanan said in the last paragraph? A．Recoverable satellites are very limited in space. B．Advanced experiments should be conducted in space. C．Reusable satellites bring hope to space-based studies. D．Scientists can rely on the space station to do experiments. 6．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The History of China’s Satellites B．China’s First Reusable Satellite Returns C．An Introduction to China’s Space Station D．Satellite Launching in Different Countries Passage 5 （24-25高一下·天津南开·期末）In Spain, the siesta (午睡) isn’t just a nap; it’s a cultural institution, deeply woven into the fabric of daily life. From its historical roots to its modern-day practice, the siesta holds a special place in Spanish society. Dating back to ancient civilizations, this midday break has evolved over centuries, shaped by factors like climate, agriculture, and societal norms (社会准则). Ancient civilizations like the Romans and Greeks are believed to have embraced midday naps to escape the heat and replenish (补充) their energy. Over time, this practice became rooted in Mediterranean cultures, including Spain.Factors like Spain’s warm climate and agrarian (农耕的) lifestyle played a big role in shaping the siesta tradition. Farmers needed a break from toiling (劳作) under the sun, and the midday heat made resting a necessity. There were plentiful references to the siesta in Spanish literature, art, and folklore. From paintings depicting people dozing under shady trees to stories of characters enjoying a midday rest, the siesta has been celebrated and romanticized throughout history. The siesta isn’t just a nap; it’s a chance to unwind and connect with friends and family. It’s a time to enjoy a leisurely meal, take a stroll, or simply relax under the warm sun. The siesta reflects Spain’s laid-back approach to life and its emphasis on work-life balance. It’s a reminder to prioritize (优先考虑) rest and relaxation among the hustle and bustle (忙碌) of modern life. In a culture that values family, community, and enjoying the simple pleasures, the siesta is more than just a tradition — it’s a reflection of deeper cultural values. As the world speeds up, the traditional siesta faces some hurdles. With the rise of 24/7 industries and flexible work arrangements, the traditional siesta clashes (冲突) with modern work schedules. Many businesses now operate around the clock, leaving little room for midday breaks. Meanwhile, in today’s competitive market, businesses are under pressure to maximize productivity and efficiency. Some see the siesta as a luxury they can’t afford, deciding to keep operations running non-stop to stay ahead. As Spain evolves, so do its cultural practices. Younger generations may view the siesta differently from their ancestors, prioritizing different aspects of work-life balance. 1．According to the passage, what brought the tradition of siesta in Spain into existence? A．Religious customs and royal orders. B．Urban development and business needs. C．Literary influence and artistic trends. D．Hot climate and hard agricultural life. 2．What does the underlined word “unwind” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Sunbathe. B．Liberate. C．Sleep. D．Refresh. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The practice of siesta is expensive for many people. B．Working schedules are beneficial to midday breaks. C．It is challenging for the tradition of siesta to survive. D．The operation of businesses leaves much time for siesta. 4．What is the main focus of the passage? A．The cultural importance and evolution of the siesta in Spain. B．The health benefits of taking naps. C．How ancient Romans invented the siesta. D．Why modern Spain should abandon the siesta. 5．How does the author view the siesta tradition? A．As a practice only useful for farmers. B．As unimportant to modern Spanish society. C．As an outdated habit that reduces productivity. D．As a valuable cultural practice reflecting life balance. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·天津河东·期末）Scientists may have worked out how to turn a switch on in the brain to stop people overeating and getting fat. Certain cells in the brain could be “turned on” to make someone feel full, driving away their hunger or desire for food. Researchers say they have discovered for the first time which cells need to be stimulated to imitate the effect of eating a meal. And making people feel full could stop them eating so much,helping them to lose weight or avoid becoming fat in the first place. Although drugs already exist to prevent obesity, this discovery could make it easier to be more specific when targeting the area of the brain which controls appetite. A research team experimented on mice to see how the appetite could be controlled by targeting specific cells in the brain. The cells are found in a part of the brain which receives information from the gut (肠道) about how much food has been eaten. This could be used by doctors to tackle obesity, which is a growing problem around the world. In the study, when scientists activated this area of the brain, mice ate less food. “Our discovery opens doors to new appetite medications” Scientists on the study said, “Our discovery opens the door to new medicine that could be developed to control appetite and improve health. We used new techniques that allowed us to turn on these cells with drugs and, by doing this, we were able to reduce food intake.” Drugs could now target specific appetite-controlling brain cells Although pills used in the past to restrict appetite worked by controlling levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (神经质血清素) , this important chemical has other functions in the body that led to unwanted side effects. Reducing appetite could prevent obesity and its health risks The technique able to reduce someone’s appetite using a medicine to limit how much they eat could help people lose weight, therefore reducing their risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, strokes and cancer. 1．How do the cells work to make people feel full and eat less? A．They send information to make people feel full. B．They are controlled by a machine to limit people’s appetite. C．They are activated to make people feel as if they had enough. D．They produce a chemical to reduce people’s appetite. 2．What is the author’s attitude toward the new technique of controlling appetite? A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Passive. 3．What do we know from the passage? A．The author shows great concern over the worldwide problem of obesity. B．Fat people will have a new way to lose weight very soon. C．Pills used in the past to reduce people’s appetite are proved very healthy. D．A mouse’s brain works the same way as that of a human being. 4．The underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably means“ ”. A．find out B．pick out C．bring in D．deal with Passage 7 （24-25高一下·四校联考·期末）“Look for the gap” “ Move into space” Sound familiar? From the sidelines to the field, no matter the team sport, looking for relevant information in the playing environment can be as important as any other skill if you want to score. Think Allen Iverson, Scott Pendlebury, or Natalie Medhurst, coolly judging all the options before making important decisions. How do these excellent athletes become so great? As well as their physical strengths, their brainpower is an obvious advantage. Regardless of whether an athlete is playing backyard cricket or Olympic basketball, their playing environment holds important information that must be found, explained and then acted on. Research conducted at Western Sydney University finds skilled players are better at looking for and seeing the options and what’s happening around them in the playing environment. They tend to look both at an opponent (对手) and at where they can move next. Less skilled players, however, might watch only one detail but not what is happening around them. Skilled players are also often faster to make decisions compared to less skilled players; their experiences create more stored memories that help speed up their decision-making. Essentially, skilled players know what information is the most relevant to focus on and they act on it quickly. Adding to this picture is new research that explores the negative impact of mental fatigue (疲劳) on physical performance. This work shows that our ability to exercise can be affected negatively after activities requiring long periods of thinking and mental effort, particularly when these activities are boring. It first considers the impact of using the brain so much that it makes you physically tired. This may be particularly relevant for coaches of young players shifting from the school day to training, especially if the day’s lessons have been complex. Coaches should therefore map out appropriate strategies by considering the amount of information they provide for athletes and the complexity of the tasks and instructions. Overall, cognitive (认知的) skills, like physical qualities, are key to high performance and even play a role in identifying future potential. Cognition could be a reliable marker of ability over time and could provide some basis for prediction of talent. 1．Why are some great athletes mentioned in the text? A．To compare different sports. B．To highlight physical training. C．To stress mental skills in sports. D．To honor their achievements in sports. 2．According to paragraph 2, what advantage do skilled athletes tend to have? A．Faster moving speed. B．Wider focus of attention. C．More efficient teamwork. D．Stronger physical endurance. 3．Successful athletes make decisions quickly by _______. A．referring to previous experience B．ignoring all outside distractions C．learning from opponents’ strategies D．understanding coaches’ instructions 4．What does the author suggest coaches do after their players have had a hard school day? A．Lengthen the warm-up for training. B．Set the training intensity adaptively. C．Prioritize physical over cognitive training. D．Refer to their players’ previous performance. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．The quality of sports talent. B．The overall training in sports. C．The cognitive power in sports. D．The variables affecting sports. Passage 8 （24-25高一下·四校联考·期末）To Dr. Krithi Karanth, every person is naturally connected to nature from birth. Yet in rural India, where she works, this connection is often under tension. Kids see pretty dramatic scenes of conflict in their villages: elephants destroy crops, tigers take domestic animals, and sometimes local people are badly injured by wild animals. “Children develop negative views of wildlife as they grow up,” Karanth explains. “Simply knowing India has the world’s largest populations of tigers or Asian elephants doesn’t inspire their pride — it’s not related to them.” Karanth became a conservation scientist in 1999, and a critical moment came in 2017 at the National Geographic Society’s Explorers Festival. Speaking with fellow explorer Gabby Salazar, Karanth discovered that Salazar possessed exceptional educational expertise (专业知识) and had long sought to apply it meaningfully. Karanth then suggested combining education, art, and games to reconnect rural children with wildlife. Karanth’s suggestion immediately drew Salazar. Within six months, the two pooled their strengths and developed the first version of Wild Shaale, an innovative (创新的) program featuring art-based modules, multimedia storytelling, and play-based learning. “Apart from these elements, encouraging the students to find similarities between themselves and wildlife also makes a difference,” Karanth notes. Today, the program has reached over 700 schools and 30,000 children aged 10 to 13 in villages across 20 wildlife parks in India’s Western Ghats. Besides, another 300 schools are expected to join the program within the next year. The impact of Wild Shaale is seen in simple yet profound ways—handwritten notes from students, small gifts like feathers and seeds left for educators, as well as an increasing number of curious questions about wildlife. With Wild Shaale’s success in India, Karanth hopes to expand the program globally. “What works for Indian tigers could adapt to jaguars in South America, cougars in North America, or lions in Africa,” she says. “I believe Wild Shaale should go to every kid on the planet.” 1．How might India’s rural children originally regard wildlife? A．As makers of peace. B．As dangerous threats. C．As national symbols. D．As sources of income. 2．What led to the plan for Wild Shale in the beginning? A．A change in official policies. B．Research findings about wildlife. C．Support from local communities. D．An inspiring exchange of ideas. 3．Which of the following is covered in Wild Shale’s strategies? A．Close-up observation. B．Personalized instruction. C．Standardized testing. D．Emotional connection 4．The figures in paragraph 4 mainly demonstrate ________. A．Wild Shale’s advantages over traditional teaching B．children’s strong awareness of ecological issues C．children’s wide acceptance of Wild Shale D．Wild Shale’s recognition within conservation circles 5．How does Karanth feel about Wild Shale’s future? A．Confident. B．Puzzled. C．Indifferent. D．Worried. Passage 9 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s driven have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students even call him “Grandpa”. Tina Stern received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free transportation. “It’s not just a ride; you’re not just sitting there in awkward silence or with your headphones on,” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll check on those things. Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal. For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education-but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the experience, “I just love driving, and I love these kids,” Wilson said. “It’s such a privilege (荣耀) to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.” 1．Paul Wilson began offering free rides when _____. A．he was 68 years old. B．he worked as an engineer. C．he set up On Point for College. D．he finished driving 64,000 miles. 2．What does Tina-Stern think of Paul Wilson’s service? A．It functions as a transportation solution. B．It saves students from traffic jams. C．It provides emotional connection. D．It ensures timely arrival at class. 3．Which of the following can best describe Wilson? A．Caring and kind. B．Strict and demanding. C．Intelligent and traditional. D．Responsible and business-minded. 4．Wilson considers helping students as “a privilege” primarily to ______. A．show his pride in his engineering career B．illustrate his intention to be a role model C．highlight the emotional rewards he gains D．emphasize the economic sacrifices he makes 5．What message does the story convey? A．Community programs solve education inequality. B．Acts of kindness can bring rewards to both sides. C．Retirement offers opportunities for volunteering. D．Young people need role models to succeed. Passage 1 （24-25高一下·耀华中学·期末）People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure,whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how Accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified (多样化) these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1．The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．consider facial expressions universally reliable B．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2．What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 3．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．examine the eyes more attentively B．study the mouth more frequently C．perform translation more successfully D．read facial expressions more correctly 4．What key weakness might critics highlight about the study’s design? A．Dependence on subjective emotion categorization. B．Use of posed photos instead of natural expressions. C．Lack of more diverse American cultural groups. D．Failure to track eye movements during observation. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期末）Cigarettes aren’t good for any animal’s health, but leaving it to nature has helped find a way of putting their poisonous ingredients to use. One kind of bird has apparently begun using cigarette butts (烟蒂). to pack their nests in order to keep ticks (a small insect) out, reports New Scientist. Ticks bring a major health risk to young urban house finches (雀科小鸟), taking in their blood and even eating their feathers. So finch parents do everything they can to keep their nests tick-free, but it’s not easy. At some point, the birds must have noticed that when cigarette butts are used to pack the nest, the ticks stay away. It’s extraordinarily innovative and adaptive behavior, even if it means having to live in a virtual ashtray (烟灰缸). The researchers weren’t sure if cigarette-decorated nests were actually providing protection from pests, or if there was some other explanation for the strange behavior. So Constantino Macias Garcia and colleagues at the National Autonomous University of Mexico conducted a study involving 32 finches. The team added live ticks to 10 of the nests, added dead ticks to another 10 and left 12 free of ticks. Sure enough, finch parents were significantly more likely to add cigarette butts to their nests if they contained ticks. Furthermore, the weight of cigarette butt material added to nests was 40 percent greater on average when live ticks were involved instead of dead ones. Macias Garcia found that there was a secondhand cost for the birds, however. Packing nests with cigarette butts isn’t good for the birds either. “The butts cause genetic damage to finches by affecting cell division, which we assessed by looking at their red blood cells,” he said. The researchers will need to conduct a long-term study to know exactly how living with cigarette butts impacts bird populations. 1．What do urban house finches use cigarette butts for? A．Keeping warm from cold wind. B．Building their nests more easily. C．Making their babies feel comfortable. D．Preventing ticks from living in their nests. 2．What can we learn about urban house finches in Paragraph 2? A．Many young urban house finches have been killed by ticks. B．Finch parents are always good at dealing with ticks. C．They are commonly regarded as dirty birds. D．The author thinks highly of their use of cigarette butts. 3．Which of the following had the most cigarette butt material in the experiment? A．The 12 nests with no ticks at all. B．The 12 nests weighing 40 percent heavier. C．The 10 nests with live ticks. D．The 10 nests with dead ticks. 4．According to Macias Garcia, ________ . A．cigarette butts can do some harm to the birds B．the birds did not take home cigarette butts purposely C．the birds’ behavior increases the cost of environmental protection D．living with cigarette butts will reduce bird populations 5．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A fashion magazine. B．A scientific journal. C．A travel-guide book. D．A cooking recipe book. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Optical illusions (视错觉) are great fun, and they fool almost everyone. But have you ever wondered if you could train yourself to unsee these illusions? Our latest research suggests that you can. Take a look at the picture below. The black circle on your right appears to be bigger than the left one, right? But they are in fact the same. This happens because your visual system uses context to figure out what you are seeing: something surrounded by smaller things is often quite big. This classic example of optical illusion was discovered by German psychologist Herman Ebbinghaus in the 19th century, and scientists have been studying it and similar illusions ever since. Earlier studies show that how much people are affected by optical illusions depends on different kinds of factors. For example, women see things more in context and are more affected by the illusion than men. Young children, on the other hand, do not see illusions at all, because it takes them time to learn how to use context clues. Culture also plays a role. Research has found that Japanese people experience more obvious effects than British people in this kind of illusion. It’s because East Asian perception (认知) tends to take everything into account while Western perception focuses more on central objects. Despite all these individual differences, scientists have always thought that you have no choice over whether you see the illusion or not. Our recent research challenges this idea by comparing the judgments of illusions made by 44 radiologists (放射科医生) to those of over 100 psychologists and medical students. Radiologists take part in an intensive training to ignore surrounding details and quickly spot very important information in medical scans, which seems to make them better at seeing through illusions. Below is an image used in our experiment. The white circle on the left is 6 percent smaller than the one on the right, but most people who took part t in the experiment—radiologist or not—saw it as larger. We gradually reduced the size of the left circle. Most radiologists saw through it when the left circle is 10 percent smaller than the right one, while most non-radiologists did not until the difference was nearly 18 percent. There is still much to discover, and perhaps the most exciting finding is that training with optical illusions can improve radiologists’ skills in their work. 1．Why are young children rarely affected by optical illusions? A．They are more focused. B．They have better eyesight. C．They haven’t learned to use context yet. D．They are too young to understand images. 2．What do the underlined words “this idea” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Westerners are more self-centered and confident. B．Culture influences how people view optical illusions. C．Women are more affected by optical illusions than men. D．People have no control over how they perceive optical illusions. 3．What does the result of the recent research indicate? A．Children can avoid illusion naturally. B．East Asians are more affected by illusions. C．Optical illusions appear in specific types of images. D．Radiologists can be trained to unsee optical illusions. 4．What skill can radiologists improve through illusion training? A．Creating medical images. B．Identifying color changes. C．Noticing key details in scans. D．Operating scanning machines. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Optical illusions are fun but always fool us. B．Training can help people be less fooled by illusions. C．Cultural background has a strong effect on optical illusions. D．Radiologists use illusions to improve their medical scanning. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新区·期末） Exercise when you are tired. After a long and tiring day of work, an offer to exercise might not sound like a good idea, but it should. In fact, it is a physical activity that can provide the missing energy. The research shows that just one 30-minute-long moderate-intensity (中等强度的) exercise reduces tiredness, improves emotions and dispels the sad thoughts. Write by hand to activate the brain. The researchers say that although typing with the computer succeeds in systematizing material quickly, it is much better to memorize the whole thing by writing it all down with your hand. Specialists say that to learn something necessary, we need to absorb it and some notes taken by hand can help to absorb or learn more information. Improve relationships by spending less time together. Running from one event to another without a chance to breathe can damage personal relationships. A recent study shows that by taking time for yourself and just being alone for a while, you can have an opportunity to think and avoid acting impulsively (冲动地). And you get to know yourself better. Do not drink diet carbonated beverages if you want to lose weight. To get rid of unnecessary pounds it is suggested that people give up soda water in general, including dietary. The research shows that overweight adults, who are drinking a diet soda with food, take in more calories (卡路里) than those who drink regular soda. On a hot day drink hot but not cold beverages. What cools more during a hot summer morning: cold or hot coffee? Two recent studies show that in fact, it is the hot coffee that makes people cooler. When you are drinking something hot, the body will assess the change in temperature and increase the act of sweating. So we sweat to cool down. 1．According to the passage, exercising when people feel tired can ________ . A．cause great damage to the body B．help to make up for the lost energy C．make people feel even more tired D．lead to long and deep sleep 2．The underlined word “dispels” can be replaced by ________  . A．displays B．brings about C．drives away D．runs out of 3．Which is advised to do in this passage? A．Take notes with the computer to save time. B．Write by hand to better memorize things. C．Spend more time staying with friends. D．Take part in more social activities to meet new people. 4．To cool down on hot summer days, we’d better drink ________ . A．hot water B．icy coffee C．diet soda water D．cold regular soda water 5．Which method does the author use to develop the passage? A．Telling stories. B．Giving examples. C．Making comparisons. D．Presenting research results. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）If you find yourself unable to go more than 15 minutes without reaching into your pocket, pulling out your smart-phone and checking your e-mail or WeChat, don’t panic. You are hardly alone. A recent survey shows that smart-phone users have developed “checking habit” — frequent checks of e-mail and other Apps. The checks normally lasted less than 30seconds and were often done every 10 minutes. On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don’t even realize they are doing it. “I hadn’t told my hand to reach out for the phone. It seemed to be doing it all on its own,” wrote Elizabeth Cohen, a medical correspondent for CNN who watched her right hand sneaking away from her side to grab her phone while sitting on the table at dinner with friends. Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explained that checking smart-phones is rewarding in some way. “Each time you get an e-mail, it’s a little bit exciting, because it means a positive feedback that you’re an important person,” Frank told CNN. Once the brain becomes used to this positive feedback, reaching out for the phone becomes an automatic action you don’t even think about consciously, said Frank. Professor Clifford Nass of Stanford University added that constantly checking your smart-phone is also “an attempt to not have to think hard but feel like you are doing something”. However, every coin has two sides. This habit can cause problems. Studies show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart-phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according to Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF. That’s not the worst. A survey by South Korean marriage consulting agency Duo earlier this year shows that “checking habit” is destroying intimate relationships, reports The Korea Herald (先驱报). A bout half of the respondents said they had had fights with their boyfriend or girlfriend because of smart-phones. And 32.8 percent of them had fights because their partners habitually check their smartphones. In this respect, checking smart-phones at regular intervals is a bad habit. But just as an old saying goes, “Bad habits die hard.” So, to get rid of the checking habit, Cohen suggests establishing phone-free times and zones. 1．With the words by Elizabeth Cohen in Paragraph 1, the author intends to show ________. A．what a “checking habit” is B．the common existence of “checking habit” C．the unconsciousness of “checking habit” D．the harm of “checking habit” to people 2．According to Loren Frank, checking smart-phones frequently is ________. A．worthwhile in some way B．unimportant for those busy people C．necessary to think hard D．likely to cause neurological diseases 3．According to Paragraph 3, what negative effects may “checking habit” have on students? A．They might fail in their exams. B．They might get distracted from their work. C．They would make friends with unfamiliar people. D．They would manage to break up with their close friends. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A smart-phone consumption survey. B．The advantages of smart-phone checking habit. C．The addiction to smart-phone checking. D．The ways to quit smart-phone checking habit. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect”. That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 1．What is generally believed about the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”? A．She attracts the viewers to look back. B．She seems mysterious because of her eyes. C．She fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers. D．She looks at the viewers wherever they stand. 2．Why was the experiment involving 24 people conducted? A．To confirm Horstmann’s belief. B．To create artificial-intelligence avatars. C．To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze. D．To explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B．The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C．Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D．The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgment. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·五区县·期末）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy(疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist(心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1．What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A．AI therapy is warmer. B．AI tools are free. C．People feel much pressure. D．DeepSeek is popular. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Mental health care. B．The AI tool. C．The medical standard. D．The government control. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B．AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C．AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D．AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4．Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A．To give an example of safe AI under rules. B．To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C．To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D．To explain why China needs more therapists. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B．AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C．AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D．Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $