专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，山东专用） 八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 初中英语期末阅读理解汇编，涵盖中华文化（筷子、变脸）、宇宙探索（神舟19号、火星）、学习策略等主题，精选山东多地期末真题，注重语言应用与文化渗透。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|多篇，每篇4-5题|词汇理解（如“odd”词义）、细节查找（筷子材质）、主旨归纳（最佳标题）、推理判断（文化寓意）|情境真实（AI助爬泰山、马拉松机器人）；文化传承（中庸思想、柳枝送别）；问题梯度分明（基础题到拓展题）|

专题02 阅读理解（应用文） 主题01 人与社会--中华文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东烟台龙口市·期末） Do you know National Chopsticks Day? For about one quarter of the world’s population, chopsticks are their eating tools for every meal. Just as Western children learn to use a knife and fork, many Asian children learn to use chopsticks, and they quickly become good at using them. To many Asian people, forks are an odd tool. Chopsticks can be made of wood, bamboo, plastic, bone, fine china or metal. In China they are called kuaizi, which means “quick little bamboo fellows”. Chopsticks have been in use for over 5,000 years. However, forks were not used in England until 1611. Chopsticks originated (起源于) in China, and are used in many Asian cultures. How their use was introduced to other countries is not known. Take part in National Chopsticks Day, and use chopsticks for all of your meals. You can eat any food with chopsticks on the day. To make the day really special, use chopsticks to eat a homemade Chinese dish. Have fun with chopsticks on the day. Make a game out of picking up peanuts or jelly beans (软心豆粒糖) with them. Chopsticks manners: Improper use of chopsticks is in poor taste, and can even be impolite or insulting (侮辱的). Don’t stick chopsticks upright into your food. It’s an insult. Don’t point at people with them. Don’t suck or chew on the ends of your chopsticks. 1．What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Strange. B．Usual. C．Expensive. D．Cheap. 2．What is not mentioned that can be used to make chopsticks in the passage? A．Wood. B．Bamboo. C．Paper. D．Metal. 3．What will people that take part in National Chopsticks Day do? ①Eat any food with chopsticks. ②Eat homemade Chinese dishes with chopsticks. ③Eat Western food with a knife and fork. ④Play a game out of picking up peanuts or jelly beans with chopsticks. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The story of chopsticks. B．National Chopsticks Day. C．The history of chopsticks. D．Chopsticks manners. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东滨州市滨城区·期末） 中庸之为德也，其至矣乎！——《论话语》 The virtue of the golden mean is a perfect state of equilibrium! —The Analects of Confucius Confucius is a master of thinking. He came up with many great ideas. But what’s the most well-known and influential (有影响力的) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. Have you heard of it? Do you know its real meaning? Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. In Confucianism (儒家思想), it is seen as an important virtue (品德). Confucius speaks highly of it. However, it is easily misunderstood. People often think it means not working hard or pursuing (追求) perfection. But the key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate, neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate in one’s words and behaviors. “Yong” has two meanings—being common and unchanging. ▲ When we write a story, we shouldn’t use too many fancy (华丽的) words. But it does mean we can’t use any beautiful language in the story. While exercising, we can’t do too much every time or we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line. The golden mean is always being praised by our nation. President Xi Jinping said we should respect cultural diversity (多样性). We should be confident but not too arrogant (自大的) in cultural exchanges. 1．Which school of thought does the golden mean belong to? A．Taoism. B．Mohism. C．Legalism. D．Confucianism. 2．How does the writer lead into the topic in the first paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By raising questions. C．By explaining facts. D．By listing numbers. 3．A person who agrees with the idea of the golden mean probably ________. A．tries to get everything done as perfectly as possible B．gives up easily when he faces difficulties in life C．is talented and sometimes looks down upon others D．keeps a balance (平衡) between work and play 4．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ ? A．However, we seldom use zhongyong in our life. B．This way of thinking is useful in our daily life. C．Why do people use zhongyong in the life? D．Can it make a difference to our life? 5．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read this passage? A．Nature. B．Sports. C．History. D．Culture. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） Do you know face changing? The amazing skill in Sichuan Opera is used to express the changing feelings of characters. There are over 300 kinds of local operas in China. Among them, Sichuan Opera is one of the oldest. As the most important and the most interesting opera form from Southwestern China, it is popular in Sichuan, Chongqing and some areas of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. A large number of Sichuan Opera performers are active throughout Sichuan Province, both in the countryside and in cities. The opera has three special skills: changing faces, spitting (吐) fire, and rolling lights. Face changing, or “bianlian” in Chinese, is the most famous one. It is an important intangible cultural heritage (ICH非物质文化遗产) in China. Only a few artists have picked up this skill. They know how to change Sichuan Opera masks magically. As they wave their arms and turn their heads, their painted masks change again and again. Face changing got its start about 300 years ago. In the beginning, opera artists changed the color of their faces during performances by blowing into a bowl of red, black or gold powder (粉末). The powder would stick to their oiled skin quickly. In another way, actors would cover their faces with colored paste hidden in their hands. By the 1920’s, opera artists began using layers (层) of masks made of oiled paper. They could peel one after another in the blink of an eye. At present, the artists use full-face painted silk masks which can be worn in layers. 1．What is the main purpose of face changing in Sichuan Opera? A．To scare the audience. B．To show off the performer’s speed. C．To hide the performer’s real identity. D．To express the changing feelings of the characters. 2．Which areas of China is Sichuan Opera popular in? A．Only in Sichuan Province. B．Only in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai. C．In Sichuan, Chongqing, and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou. D．All over China equally. 3．When did face changing begin? A．About 200 years ago. B．About 300 years ago. C．About 400 years ago. D．About 500 years ago. 4．What’s he last paragraph mainly about? A．The development of face changing. B．The importance of face changing. C．The popularity of face changing. D．The future of face changing. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·山东济宁市任城区·期末） In China, many ethnic groups (少数民族) celebrate fire in special ways, especially during Torch (火把) Festivals. On August 12th in Bijie, Guizhou Province, the Yi people and visitors danced and sang happily around big fires during their Torch Festival. Every year, the Yi people light (点燃) torches to show their respect (尊敬) for fire. Long ago, the Yi people lived in high and cold places in the mountains. They used fire for light, to stay warm, and cook food. An old saying goes, “Everything you eat must touch fire.” In the past, before taking animal meat into their homes, people would light a small fire outside the door. They held the meat over the fire to drive away bad luck. Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land rich. Now, the festival is more about being together. During the festival, Yi people and visitors come together to share happiness and give thanks for a good life. The Yi people also hope more people will learn about their culture. ____▲____ For example, the Naxi people have their own Torch Festival. Each family makes a big torch, and children make small ones. They even go out in groups to pick flowers and bamboo branches (树枝) to make their torches beautiful. To Naxi children, the festival means delicious food and fun time with family! 1．People in Bijie celebrate the Torch Festival by________. A．lighting leaves to cook food for visitors B．staying in the mountains for some days C．going and visiting other places in Guizhou D．lighting torches, singing and dancing together 2．Which of the following are the uses of fire for the early Yi people? ① for light ② to stay warm ③ to cook food ④ light leaves to make the land rich ⑤ share happiness and thanks A．①②③④ B．①③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤ 3．Which sentence should be put back to the “ ▲ ” in Para.4? A．Torch Festival is important in Yi ethnic group. B．Visitors can’t join in the festival. C．Other ethnic groups also respect fire. D．In western culture, fire comes from the sky. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How the Yi people are learning to use fire. B．What visitors can do in the Yi Torch Festival. C．How important fire is to the ethnic groups in China. D．Why there are many old sayings about fire in Guizhou. Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市泰山区·期末） ①In ancient China, willow (柳树) branches(树枝) were often given as gifts between friends and family members. But do you know why willow branches became a symbol of saying goodbye? One reason is that willow trees are strong and can grow in almost any kind of soil (土壤), whether it’s wet or dry. Because of this, giving a willow branch to say goodbye shows you hope they will get used to their new living environment easily. Meanwhile (同时), in Chinese, the pronunciation of the willow tree “liu (柳)” is similar to that of the character “liu (留)”, which means “to stay”. So, offering a willow branch is like asking someone to stay, even though you know that they have to leave. ③This tradition is said to have started during the Han Dynasty. At that time, Baqiao, a bridge in Chang’an, was a popular place to say goodbye. People would often stop there and hand willow branches to those who were leaving. Willow branches are also often put in poems. During the Tang and Song dynasties, when travel became easier, poets (诗人) often wrote about the sadness of saying goodbye. For example, Wang Wei wrote in his poem, “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.” ④From old Han Dynasty bridges to today’s airports, willow branches show how ancient Chinese people used nature to express feelings. Next time you see a willow tree, remember—its branches once carried more warm goodbyes than any smartphone emoji (表情符号)! 1．What made willow trees grow in new environments? A．They like water and rain. B．Their ability to grow in any soil. C．They are used to build houses. D．They connect with weather. 2．The Chinese character “liu (留)” in this passage means ________. A．“Don’t travel” B．“To remember” C．“To grow” D．“Don’t leave” 3．“The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green” was written to ________. A．describe a beautiful weather B．give a new house celebration C．express the sad leaving feelings D．describe a meaningful party 4．According to the passage, we can know ________. A．ancient Chinese were smart to show their feelings B．smartphone emojis carry more warm goodbyes C．it’s difficult to grow willow trees in the dry soil D．a poet must be good at writing about sadness of saying goodbye 主题02 人与自然--天体与宇宙 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市高新区·期末） Do you know that China has carried out another exciting space mission (任务)? It’s called Shenzhou-19. Three astronauts, Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, are part of this mission. Cai once flew to space in 2022 with the Shenzhou-14 mission. Both Song and Wang were born in the 1990s. They are new to space travel, but they are very experienced. And Wang is also the third Chinese woman to go on a space mission after Liu Yang and Wang Yaping. The Shenzhou-19 spaceship took off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the early morning on October 30, 2024. They went up into space and met the Shenzhou-18 astronauts at the space station. During their time in space, the astronauts did scientific experiments, went on spacewalks, and even helped with building and fixing things outside the space station. They also taught us about space through educational activities. On December 17, three astronauts worked together to do a spacewalk. It took them nine hours to finish their work outside the space station. That is a new record for Chinese astronauts. The previous (之前的) record for the longest spacewalk was eight hours and 56 minutes set by US astronauts in 2001. This is a big achievement in space exploration for China and the whole world. On April 30, 2025, Shenzhou-19 successfully returned to Earth and landed safely at the Dongfeng landing site, ending its 183-day space mission. 1．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The meaning of Shenzhou-19 mission. B．Members of Shenzhou-19 mission. C．Preparations of Shenzhou-19 mission. D．The tasks of Shenzhou-19 mission. 2．According to the passage, astronauts of Shenzhou-19 mission ________. A．walk in space B．explore the Moon and Mars C．teach students about health D．build and fix things in the space station 3．What does “That” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．It’s the first spacewalk for Chinese astronauts. B．It’s longer than any previous spacewalk in history. C．It took Chinese astronauts 183 days to finish the space mission. D．It took Chinese astronauts 8 hours and 56 minutes to finish their work. 4．What might be the best title of the text? A．China’s Newest Space Explorers B．The Shenzhou-19 Space Mission C．A Record-breaking Spacewalk in China D．Chinese Astronauts’ Great Achievements Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东德州市陵城区·期末） How would we live on Mars? Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System. Sometimes Mars is also called the “Red Planet”. Mars is the second closest to Earth and it is easy to see in the night sky. Like Earth, it has clouds, winds, seasonal weather and mountains and other familiar features. A day on Mars is about 24 hours and 37 minutes, while a day on Earth is about 23 hours and 56 minutes. Humans have started to explore Mars since the 1960s. Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of SpaceX, is considering getting people to go to Mars and finally setting up a base that can serve as an actual city, supporting one million people there. To build a city on Mars, rockets should be sent to Mars continually until there are enough resources (资源). The SpaceX team will build rockets that are able to be used 1,000 times. With the rockets, spaceships with people and things will be sent to Mars. The spaceship is central to the plan. Each spaceship can carry up to 100 people and about 450 tons of things at a time and it will take about 80 days to get to Mars. To support the project, SpaceX is going to build 1,000 spaceships. Because it is really cold on Mars, human-friendly living spaces will be built underground. On the ground, spaces will be built with special glass with plant life inside, where humans could walk around without spacesuits. As for food, plants could grow in water instead of soil on solar-powered (太阳能的) farms. “There is a good chance that we will not succeed,” Elon Musk says, “but we are going to do our best and try to make as much progress as possible.” Let’s hope that we will live a better life on Mars in the future. 1．What do we know about Mars? A．It’s the largest planet. B．It’s the fourth closest to Earth. C．It’s the second planet from the Sun. D．It has something in common with Earth. 2．Which is Musk’s final plan? A．To build rockets to fly people to Mars. B．To have one million people live on Mars. C．To carry things from Mars back to Earth. D．To make Mars a place for people to have fun. 3．What is one of the characteristics of the living spaces to be built on Mars? A．They will be built above the ground. B．People will need to wear spacesuits inside. C．They will be powered by nuclear (原子能的) energy. D．They will be made of special glass with plant life inside. 4．How does Musk feel about the plan? A．It is a piece of cake. B．He is sure to succeed. C．He may not make it but others will. D．He knows it may fail but he will try. 5．What is the structure of the article? A． B． C． D． Passage3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） China’s Big Step Forward in Exploring (探索) the Moon. China has sent three important probes (探测器)—Chang’e 4, Chang’e 5 and Chang’e 6 to the moon so far. 2018 Chang’e 4 was launched (发射) on December 8th, 2018, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (卫星发射中心). Its main task was to land on the far side of the moon. There was no spaceship landing there before. Chang’e 4 studied the moon’s soil and sent back many pictures. This probe helped scientists understand the far side of the moon. 2020 Chang’e 5 was launched on November 24th, 2020, from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site and it reached the moon seven days later. Its main task was to collect rocks and soil on the near side of the moon and bring them back to the earth. On December 17th, 2020, Chang’e 5 returned with some samples (样本). 2024 Chang’e 6 was launched in May, 2024. It collected samples from the far side of the moon. This is important because they were the first samples from that part of the moon. Chang’e 6 will help scientists learn more about the moon’s environment and history. These probes help us understand the moon better and prepare for future space exploration. And China will send more probes to explore other planets like Mars (火星) 1．When and where was Chang’e 4 launched? A．On November 24th, 2020 from Xichang. B．On December 8th, 2018 from Xichang. C．On December 8th, 2018 from Wenchang. D．On May 1st, 2024 from Wenchang. 2．Why were the samples collected by Chang’e 6 important? A．Because Chang’e 6 was the first probe sent by humans to the moon. B．Because they were the first samples from the far side of the moon. C．Because they showed that there was water source on the moon. D．Because they showed that people can live on the moon in the future. 3．What is the purpose (目的) of this text? A．To call on more people to study the moon and Mars. B．To attract (吸引) more people to travel to the moon one day. C．To show the moon is the most important part in space. D．To show China’s development in moon exploration. 主题03 人与自我--学习策略 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东威海乳山市·期末） Different people may find different learning methods work best for them. Some turn to private teachers in order to get better grades. Others may choose to join study groups. In fact, many schools encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them. “Two heads are better than one.” That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By joining a study group, students can benefit from other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Usually, study groups can create a slightly tense (紧张的) atmosphere (气氛) in which it’s good to study. For example, some students always procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves. However, by joining a study group, they get to notice their group members who are working hard. As a result, they are likely to be encouraged to work harder. Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small. Four to five members is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal. Small study groups with four to five members work best. When everyone shares a goal, like preparing for a test or reviewing notes, it makes studying more effective. Having clear roles helps as well. An organizer keeps everything in order, a fact-finder checks facts, and a gatekeeper makes sure everyone joins in. This way, study groups become great places to learn together, share ideas, and get better grades. In summary, study groups are very helpful for students. By forming groups properly, setting clear goals, and giving roles, students can get the most from study groups. 1．What can we infer from “Two heads are better than one”? A．Groups need leaders. B．Studying together helps. C．Private teachers are better. 2．Why do study groups create a tense atmosphere? A．To make students nervous. B．To encourage hard work. C．To notice other members. 3．How many members are best for a study group? A．2-3. B．4-5. C．6-7. 4．What does the fifth paragraph talk about? A．Group roles. B．Study goals. C．Test preparation. 5．Which of the following is the best title? A．Study Alone or in Groups? B．Are Study Groups Popular? C．Why Study Groups Are Good? Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） Many people like going on vacation. It’s a good chance to relax, visit new places and see new things. But while planning a trip, you have to decide whether you want to travel with family or friends, or just alone. Traveling with family can be very cheap or even free if parents pay. However, there may be many arguments. One friend told me that both she and her sister were in tears after arguing on vacation. In my family, Dad always wants to go to a museum. Mom would like to stay in the hotel. My sister likes to buy clothes. As for me, the coffee shop is a great place. Traveling with friends would be fun. When you are traveling with friends, you can do more different things than you do with family. It is a way to strengthen a friendship. You can learn more about your friends. You can become closer to each other. But money always plays an important role if you go on vacation with your friends. It is normal for you to have different budgets (预算). What’s more, there is also a lot of compromise (妥协) while you’re planning where to stay and what to eat. When it comes to choosing whom to travel with, there is another choice: traveling alone. Traveling alone has advantages (优点). For example, you do not have to compromise on your budget. You can choose what you want to do, and it’s easier for you to make new friends. Sometimes you may feel lonely. And, when you want to go to the toilet at the bus station or airport, there is nobody to look after your things. 1．What decision do you have to make while you are planning a trip? A．Where to stay. B．What to eat. C．How to go. D．Who to go with. 2．What does the writer’s sister usually like to do during her trip? A．To enjoy a cup of coffee. B．To stay in the hotel. C．To go shopping. D．To go to a museum. 3．The underlined word “strengthen” in Paragraph 3 means ________ in English. A．test B．improve C．start D．end 4．Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank? A．Children are too young to travel alone. B．Here are some tips for traveling alone. C．If you travel alone, you have to take care of yourself. D．Of course, traveling alone is not always good. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东日照市岚山区·期末） Labor classes at school can help students be active, creative (有创造力的) and happy in life. At the same time, students can learn the meaning of labor. From last September, all students in middle school can have at least one labor class a week. There are many interesting labor classes now. Students from a school in Chongqing had a class about catching fish in the river and learning about their habits. In Shanxi Province, students made tofu with beans. They also cooked it by themselves. The labor classes made them feel happy when they cooked delicious meals. Some students also kept small animals at home like chickens. This helped students learn how to care for living things and also made them more interested in biology. According to the new policy (政策), middle school students need to learn the following skills in labor classes: Clean their rooms and classrooms, pick proper (合适的) clothes for travel, cook three or four meals, and take part in labor activities such as planting or fishing. A study shows that doing labor work is good for students. The students can get more self-control, do better in school, and feel happier from it. Labor classes not only teach them important skills but also are a great way to relax during a busy school day. So which kind of labor skill do you want to learn most? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many labor classes do students in middle school have a week now? A．Zero. B．One or more. C．At least two. D．More than three. 2．Which of the following can students learn in labor classes? A．Eating habits. B．Chinese culture. C．Cooking skills. D．New policies. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Labor classes make the students’ homework harder. B．Students can enjoy themselves by doing labor work. C．Labor classes only teach students some fishing skills. D．Students will lose control if they don’t take labor classes. 4．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 主题04 人与社会--名人故事 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市肥城市·期末） Egg carving (蛋雕) is often called the most fragile (易碎的) art, as it requires great care before, during and even after the carving. Yu Wen, the granddaughter of a famous local painter in Dandong, Liaoning Province, has been practicing egg carving for about 25 years. Yu has used more than 10,000 eggs, and years of hard work has left many thick calluses (茧) on her hands. Sometimes she can’t even hold chopsticks properly after a long day of holding the carving knife. But in Yu’s opinion, the difficult process makes egg carving twice as exciting. “If you carve off too much, the work is broken and there is no way to deal with it. That makes the sense of achievement even greater when you finish a piece,” said Yu. Yu’s love for egg carving started with a local tradition. In northeast China, when a baby is born, friends and parents often give eggs colored red as gifts, and some may carve auspicious (吉利的) words on them. The character “fu” is a popular one to be carved onto eggs. Yu carves with not only popular characters or traditional patterns, but also Peking Opera masks and wall paintings. Her egg carving is just as much about eggs as it is about Chinese culture. Now Yu teaches egg carving at a local university. In recent years, she has seen more people coming from across the country learn the art. “I hope I can better combine (结合) the art with traditional culture in the future,” Yu said. 1．What is most needed during the process of carving an egg? A．Much money. B．Much attention. C．Colored eggs. D．Carving knives. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yu’s love for egg carving comes from her grandfather. B．Yu thinks the difficult process makes egg carving less exciting. C．Now Yu teaches egg carving at a university in Liaoning Province. D．Egg carving is the most fragile art because it only requires care during the carving. 3．According to the passage, what does Yu Wen carve onto eggs? ①Babies’ pictures. ②Traditional patterns. ③Peking Opera masks. ④Wall paintings. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Yu Wen loves egg carving very much. B．Yu Wen works at a primary school now. C．Yu Wen started to carve eggs at the age of 25. D．There is something wrong with Yu Wen’s eyes. 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济宁市曲阜市·期末） The ocean waters rise and fall along the coast. This movement is called the tide (潮汐). When the tide comes in, the ocean rises. The rocks along the coast are covered in water. When the tide goes out, some of the salt water stays behind in large holes in the rocks. This causes tide pools. The animals that live in tide pools, such as crabs (蟹), sea stars, and mussels (蚌), have to get used to changes in the water. They must face large waves, the hot sun, and hungry meat-eating animals. When the tide is high, animals in tide pools are covered with water. This protects them from the strong sun. ________ And it can also wash the meat-eating animals away. When the tide is low, the animals in tide pools have to move to another world. Many of them are no longer covered by water. They are not safe because of the sun’s heat or hungry animals. There is less food for animals such as mussels in the tide pools. Mussels are protected by hard shells (壳). When food passes by, a mussel opens its shell to eat. It closes its shell when danger comes around the corner. Hungry sea stars will hit a mussel, hoping to find a way into its shell. Crabs search for dead plants and animals while keeping away from seagulls (海鸥). In fact, life in a tide pool is also an adventure like humans. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put in the blank “________”? A．The tide can bring in food for the animals. B．They sometimes face hungry meat-eating animals. C．They even have less food to feed on. D．The danger may come around the corner. 2．What may a mussel do when food passes by? A．Find a way to run. B．Keep its shell closed. C．Open its shell to eat. D．Search for dead plants. 3．When a sea star meets the mussels, what may happen next? A．A crab would find a way into mussels’ shells. B．Sea gulls would search for the mussels. C．The sea star would eat the mussels. D．The mussels would open their shells. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．Only animals may face adventure in life. B．The animals in tide pools can’t live without water. C．Humans needn’t face an adventure in life. D．Life is always full of adventure. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东威海市经济技术开发区·期末） Before rail was introduced, the primary means of transportation (交通运输) in China was by boat, often along China’s many great rivers, which include the Yellow River in the north, the Changjiang in central China, and the Zhujiang in the south. People also used the Grand Canal (大运河), which connected Beijing with Hangzhou, about 1,300 kilometers to the south. Traveling long distance (距离) by road had many disadvantages, as there were mountains and rivers to cross, and the road was sometimes poor. The most common form of travel in modern China is by rail. However, the earliest railway in China was not successful. The first was built in Beijing in 1865 by British merchants as a demonstration (演示) for the Qing Dynasty government. Unfortunately, officials found the railway noisy and strange, and had the railway taken apart. It was not until 1881 that the first permanent railway in China was established (建立). Now that China has gained skill and knowledge in high speed rail, it is seeking to export (输出) its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the development of a new high speed rail line connecting Istanbul with Turkey’s capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects in many other countries. Perhaps its most ambitious project is a Trans-Asian network linking China with Europe, which is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). 1．What can we know from Para 1? A．The main transportation in China in the past. B．The number of the Grand Canal of ancient China. C．The advantage of traveling long distance. 2．Why did the Qing Dynasty government take apart the first railway? A．They thought it too expensive. B．They thought it noisy and strange. C．They didn’t like the British merchants. 3．When did China have the first permanent railway? A．In 1865 B．In 1881. C．In 2030. 4．What is China’s first international project? A．A new high speed rail line from Istanbul to Ankara. B．A Trans-Asian network from China to Europe. C．A new grand canal from Turkey to China. 5．Which word in the last paragraph has the similar meaning to “connect”? A．Gain. B．Seek. C．Link. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） It’s believed that Chinese is one of the most difficult languages in the world. For one thing, Chinese has tens of thousands of characters (汉字). And its writing way is also one of the main difficulties for all the learners. More importantly, the language has different tones (声调), “ma” with the first Chinese tone means “mom”, but with the third tone, it means “horse”. However, according to the Ministry of Education (教育部) in China, the Chinese language learning is available in more than 180 countries around the world. 76 countries have included the Chinese language in their national education systems and nearly 200 million people have received Chinese language training. With so many interesting foreign languages to learn, why choose Chinese? For one, China plays an important role in the world events. Learning Chinese may help one find a good job. Also, China has a long history with rich culture and its culture and cooking styles have long influenced its neighbors and the West. Knowing the language also makes traveling around China easier and more enjoyable. As for learning Chinese, there is no magic. Just spend time practicing it. Listen and speak as often as possible. Listen to Chinese music and watch Chinese movies and shows. Try to speak with native Chinese speakers. Don’t forget to read traditional Chinese stories to understand the culture or try reading a Chinese newspaper. As for writing, practice writing Chinese characters in a notebook and try to create sentences with them. When you learn Chinese, you’re learning more than just a new language. What are you waiting for? There is no better time than now to get started! 1．Which is NOT a great difficulty of learning Chinese? A．So many learners. B．Ways to write. C．Different tones. D．Lots of characters. 2．What can we learn from the Ministry of Education? A．Fewer than 180 countries are learning Chinese. B．Students in 76 countries learn Chinese every day. C．Many other countries take Chinese learning seriously. D．Chinese learning is only available in a few countries. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Traditions in Chinese culture. B．Information about Chinese speakers. C．History of Chinese TV shows. D．Ways to learn the Chinese language. 4．Who is the passage most probably for? A．News reporters. B．College teachers. C．Chinese children. D．Foreign learners. 主题02 人与社会--发明与创造 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） During the May Day holiday in China, something exciting happened. Many tourists who climbed tall mountains started using AI-powered robotic supports. These are like smart aids for their legs! This shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism” In Shandong, there is a famous mountain called Mount Tai, which is very tall, with a top over 1,500 meters and more than 7,000 steps. Instead of climbing all those steps on their own, many tourists chose to use robotic legs for help. These cool tools became so popular that there were long lines of people waiting to try them. Li, head of Taishan Cultural Tourism Group, mentioned that they began offering 10 of these supports in January and the number has grown to 500 by May! Renting these tools costs 80 yuan for three hours. It might seem a little bit expensive, but they help people climb faster and more easily. A 26-year-old man from Beijing named Yan used one and said, “I don’t want my legs to feel tired after climbing. These robotic legs make it much easier and more enjoyable!” Using high-tech tools to help in mountain climbing is becoming more and more popular. In Anhui, Huangshan Mountain also plans to introduce smart knee straps (带子) and walking sticks this month. These smart tools not only make climbing more interesting but also attract people’s attention to the use of new technology in our daily life. A travel website called Tuniu pointed out that AI-powered tools can draw more young people to places of interest, providing greater development space for tourism industry and economy (经济). Wei, who started the website, said these tools will lower the risk of mountain climbing, and lead a new trend (潮流) among people of all ages. The widespread use of robotic supports shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism” and technology is not about replacing humankind, but about expanding (增加) the possibility of humankind experiencing nature. In the future, human-machine collaboration (协作) will meet the growing travel needs of visitors and continue to bring us new surprises. 1．What tools did many tourists use while climbing Mount Tai according to the passage? A．Robotic supports. B．Smartphones. C．Paper maps. D．Ropeways. 2．How did Wei feel about the introduction of high-tech tools on mountain climbing? A．Educational. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Interesting. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Human-Machine Collaboration in the Future B．Mount Tai: Where Robotic Legs Are Popular C．The Importance of High-tech in Daily Life D．China’s Smart Tourism: AI Robots Help Climbers Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） Chopsticks were invented at least 3,000 years ago. Emperor Xin, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, already used chopsticks. They were made of ivory (象牙). More than 2,000 years ago, Mozi made the first kite. It was a wood bird. Flying kites became people’s favorite outdoor activity in the Song Dynasty. Zhang Heng was a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He knew a lot about the sun, the moon, the stars, and the earth. In 132, he invented the seismograph to record earthquakes. In the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented the moveable type. First, Bi made clay Chinese characters (汉字). Then he fired them. When Bi needed to print books, he arranged (排列) the clay characters in metal holder and then brushed them with ink (墨水). 1．When did flying kites become people’s favorite outdoor activity? A．In the Shang Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Song Dynasty. D．In the Ming Dynasty. 2．What do we know about Zhang Heng? A．He made the first kite. B．He know a lot about printing. C．He was a scientist in the Song Dynasty. D．He invented the seismograph (地动仪) over 1,800 years ago. 3．Which is the right stop of the moveable type? a. firing the clay pieces                     b. brushing the clay characters with ink c. making clay Chinese characters         d. arranging the clay characters in a holder A．cbad B．cadb C．dbca D．adbc Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） In 2024, the Hangzhou Marathon (马拉松) introduced two robot helpers, Go2 and B2. Go2 is a robot that looks like an animal with four legs. It ran along the road, played music, gave safety advice, and cheered for runners. B2, another four-legged robot, served as a guide for runners to follow. They both could tell runners about the weather and road conditions, helping them plan their race better without getting hurt.              At the Yizhuang Half Marathon in Beijing, a robot named Tiangong joined the last 100 meters of the race. It is a humanoid robot, which means it looks like a human. It is 163 cm tall and weighs 43 kg. It ran with runners and crossed the finish line. Tiangong also shook hands and took photos with people, making itself shine at the event. The use of robots in marathons helps achieve a few goals (目标). First, robots like Go2 and B2 offer practical help to runners, such as cheering and sharing important information. Second, the robots can make the events more enjoyable for both runners and spectators (观众). Moreover, these events provide a chance to make use of robots beyond (超出；……外) factories or controlled environments, pushing them into public and real-world activities. The organizers of the Yizhuang Half Marathon have planned the world’s first half marathon only for humanoid robots. Hosted in Beijing E-Town in 2025, the race helps attract (吸引) fans from around the world. It is believed to drive the development of robots. Robots appear at more events like marathons, and they can change the way people organize and experience the races. As development continues, people will make better use of them not only in sports but also in other activities. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly show us? A．Why Go2 and B2 served as guides. B．What runners thought of Go2 and B2. C．How scientists developed Go2 and B2. D．How Go2 and B2 helped runners in the race. 2．How can we understand the underlined words in paragraph 2? A．Tiangong could shine brightly at night. B．Tiangong was popular at the event. C．Tiangong helped runners run faster. D．Tiangong was more competitive. 3．The world’s first half marathon for humanoid robots will be ________. A．in Hangzhou in 2024 B．in Beijing in 2024 C．in Hangzhou in 2025 D．in Beijing in 2025 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Robots can only be used in factories. B．Robots can’t help people organize events. C．People will use robots better in more activities. D．Robots will take the place of humans in marathons. 主题03 人与社会--问题解决 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市高新区·期末） Do you want a job in the holiday? Just go for it. First, you need to know what kind of job is suitable for your age and interest. If you’re 13 to 15 It seems that you can’t work almost anywhere, but you’re probably allowed to clean your neighbours’ cars or walk their dogs. By law (法律), you can’t work more than 35 hours each week during school holidays. And you can’t work before 7 am or after 7 pm. If you’re 16 or 17 The lowest wage for 16- to 17-year-old teenagers shouldn’t be less than 7 dollars per hour. You can’t work in a pub or bar, but you can work in many other places. By law, you can’t work more than 40 hours each week. What jobs are out there? Your choices are limited (限制) by the fact that you can only work during school holidays, but the following situations are fine. At Christmas, most shops are short of hands, so you may find something to do there. In autumn, there’s always fruit picking. It can be pretty hard work, but it pays really well. If you’re mad about football, you can choose to work in a local football club. No matter how much you are paid, you are doing what you like. 1．In the school holidays, 14-year-old kids ________. A．can work anywhere they want B．are not allowed to walk alone C．can’t go to work at night D．can work as long as 14 hours a day 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．A 16-year-old boy can work in a bar. B．Fruit picking is tiring but pays really little. C．It’s hard to find jobs during school holidays. D．It’s very important for you to do what you like. 3．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A story book. B．A newspaper. C．A science book. D．A novel. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市天桥区·期末） Having trouble getting out of bed for school on Monday mornings? This year’s World Sleep Day on March 21 has brought more attention to the problem of teenagers not getting enough sleep. Many teenagers feel sleepy during the day. Homework, after-school activities and using electronic devices (电子设备) are all reasons. Take homework as an example. Students may have to stay up late to finish it and may not sleep well as a result. According to USA Facts, 77.3 percent of high school students in the US do not get enough sleep. Good sleep is important for everyone, and it is especially important for teenagers. They need nine to ten hours of sleep each day—more than adults, said the US National Institute of Health (NIH). This is because adolescence (青春期) is a time of deep mental, physical and social change. For students, sleep plays a key role in doing well in school. It helps improve focus, memory and thinking skills. Sleep also helps teenagers become more creative. This relationship was first studied in the late 20th century, when scientists at Loughborough University in the UK did a test. They compared the creative performance of people who didn’t sleep well and those who sleep well. The first group did worse on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. They kept making the same mistakes and were unable to come up with new ideas. More recently, in 2023, the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that “sleep onset (开始)” is especially helpful for creativity. This special sleep stage happens when we are just starting to fall asleep. If people are guided to dream about a certain task during sleep onset, they can do that task more creatively after waking up, according to MIT News. Next time you go to bed, make sure your bedroom is quiet and dark so you can sleep well and have more creative ideas when you wake up. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To ask a question. B．To give some advice. C．To lead in the topic. D．To tell the difference. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The study of students’ sleep hours. B．The importance of getting enough sleep. C．Why homework causes sleep problems. D．Why teenagers feel sleepy in the daytime. 3．According to the NIH, how many hours of sleep do teenagers need each day? A．7-8 hours. B．8-9 hours. C．9-10 hours. D．10-11 hours. 4．What did the scientists at Loughborough University find? A．People who slept poorly could do better. B．People who slept well were more creative. C．People who slept well made more mistakes. D．People who slept poorly had more new ideas. 5．Which is true according to the text? A．Adults don’t need as much sleep as teenagers. B．Electronic devices help teenagers to sleep well. C．Sleep onset is the most important stage for creativity. D．Students who don’t get enough sleep can’t study at all. 主题04 人与自我--运动与健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东聊城市·期末） Fast walking is good exercise. A study shows that fast walking become the most popular exercise in China and many people walk more than 5000 steps (步) a day. The results of the study are from QQ users. 49% of the people choose fast walking as their favorite exercise, over 23% choose running and more than 14 % choose riding bikes. Fast walking and running are easy, cost little and work well, so they are popular. And many people like to do exercise outside. They don’t want to go to gyms (健身房). It’s best to walk fast for at least 10 minutes at one time and walk up to 6000 steps every day. The study also shows that people in Guiyang, Guizhou love sports most. Everyone there walks 5941 steps everyday. People in places with better environment (环境) and air like to do sports more. 1．Many people in China walk more than 5000 steps a week. A．Right B．Wrong 2．About half of QQ users choose fast walking as their favorite exercise. A．Right B．Wrong 3．Many people like to do exercise at home. A．Right B．Wrong 4．The writer thinks it’s bad for people to walk fast for more than 10 minutes at one time. A．Right B．Wrong 5．This passage is about health and sports. A．Right B．Wrong Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东威海乳山市·期末） Today, there are countless exciting ways to have fun. A lot of modern entertainment depends heavily on modern technology. Can you imagine how people in ancient times had fun? In fact, many ancient forms of entertainment still stay today. Let’s check out two traditional Chinese games with fascinating histories. Jianzi kicking is a fascinating traditional entertainment. Dating back to the Han Dynasty, the first jianzi was made from chicken feathers and copper coins. It became popular during the Tang and Song dynasties and reached its peak (顶峰) in the late Qing Dynasty, when it seemed like everyone knew how to play. Modern jianzi are far more exciting, with colorful feathers and even flashing lights. In the 1940s, workers in Guangzhou began by kicking jianzi over a rope. Later, it became a competitive game. They played it on a court like badminton and scored points like volleyball. Now, jianzi-kicking tournaments (锦标赛) attract players from all over the world. Rope-skipping is another time-honored game with an 1800-year-long history. It remains popular across China. Modern rope-skipping has started a fresh chapter, with people mixing elements (元素) from street dance. This makes the game not only a form of exercise but also a creative performance. In a society that often rushes towards new technologies, these traditional games offer a chance to slow down, have fun, and connect with our cultural roots. They remind us of the rich heritage (遗产) we carry and the simple pleasures that can be found in the most traditional entertainments. 1．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．The method of making a jianzi. B．The development of jianzi kicking. C．The rules of jianzi-kicking. 2．What does has started a fresh chapter mean in paragraph 4? A．Has got a new look. B．Has got a new rule. C．Has got a new name. 3．Which of the following is the correct match of the game with its facts? ①Jianzi kicking                    ②Rope-skipping a．Has an 1800-year-long history. b．Combines movements from dance in modern times. c．Was made of chicken feathers and copper coins originally. d．Developed into a competitive sport with special scoring rules. A．①—c, d  ②—a, b B．①—c, b  ②—a, d C．①—a, c  ②—b, d 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．High-tech Entertainment Today. B．The Beauty of Traditional Chinese Culture. C．The Magic of Traditional Chinese Games. 5．Where is the passage from? A．A sports science report. B．A Chinese history textbook. C．A cultural magazine. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（应用文） 主题01 人与社会--中华文化 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．D Passage 3 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 4 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C Passage 5 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 主题02 人与自然--天体与宇宙 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A Passage3 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 主题03 人与自我--学习策略 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 主题04 人与社会--名人故事 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 3 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 主题02 人与社会--发明与创造 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B Passage 3 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 主题03 人与社会--问题解决 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B Passage 2 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 主题04 人与自我--运动与健康 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（应用文） 主题01 人与社会--中华文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东烟台龙口市·期末） Do you know National Chopsticks Day? For about one quarter of the world’s population, chopsticks are their eating tools for every meal. Just as Western children learn to use a knife and fork, many Asian children learn to use chopsticks, and they quickly become good at using them. To many Asian people, forks are an odd tool. Chopsticks can be made of wood, bamboo, plastic, bone, fine china or metal. In China they are called kuaizi, which means “quick little bamboo fellows”. Chopsticks have been in use for over 5,000 years. However, forks were not used in England until 1611. Chopsticks originated (起源于) in China, and are used in many Asian cultures. How their use was introduced to other countries is not known. Take part in National Chopsticks Day, and use chopsticks for all of your meals. You can eat any food with chopsticks on the day. To make the day really special, use chopsticks to eat a homemade Chinese dish. Have fun with chopsticks on the day. Make a game out of picking up peanuts or jelly beans (软心豆粒糖) with them. Chopsticks manners: Improper use of chopsticks is in poor taste, and can even be impolite or insulting (侮辱的). Don’t stick chopsticks upright into your food. It’s an insult. Don’t point at people with them. Don’t suck or chew on the ends of your chopsticks. 1．What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Strange. B．Usual. C．Expensive. D．Cheap. 2．What is not mentioned that can be used to make chopsticks in the passage? A．Wood. B．Bamboo. C．Paper. D．Metal. 3．What will people that take part in National Chopsticks Day do? ①Eat any food with chopsticks. ②Eat homemade Chinese dishes with chopsticks. ③Eat Western food with a knife and fork. ④Play a game out of picking up peanuts or jelly beans with chopsticks. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The story of chopsticks. B．National Chopsticks Day. C．The history of chopsticks. D．Chopsticks manners. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了筷子的相关情况，包括筷子的使用、制作材料、历史以及“国家筷子日”的相关活动和筷子使用礼仪等。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Just as Western children learn to use a knife and fork, many Asian children learn to use chopsticks, and they quickly become good at using them. To many Asian people, forks are an odd tool.”可知，对于很多亚洲人来说，叉子是一种奇怪的工具，“odd”意思是“奇怪的”，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Chopsticks can be made of wood, bamboo, plastic, bone, fine china or metal.”可知，文中没提到纸可以用来制作筷子，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Take part in National Chopsticks Day, and use chopsticks for all of your meals. You can eat any food with chopsticks on the day. To make the day really special, use chopsticks to eat a homemade Chinese dish. Have fun with chopsticks on the day. Make a game out of picking up peanuts or jelly beans (软心豆粒糖) with them.”可知，参加“国家筷子日”的人会用筷子吃任何食物、用筷子吃自制的中国菜、用筷子玩捡花生或软心豆粒糖的游戏，①②④符合，故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕“国家筷子日”展开，介绍了筷子相关内容以及该节日的活动等，故“National Chopsticks Day”作为标题最合适，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东滨州市滨城区·期末） 中庸之为德也，其至矣乎！——《论话语》 The virtue of the golden mean is a perfect state of equilibrium! —The Analects of Confucius Confucius is a master of thinking. He came up with many great ideas. But what’s the most well-known and influential (有影响力的) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. Have you heard of it? Do you know its real meaning? Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. In Confucianism (儒家思想), it is seen as an important virtue (品德). Confucius speaks highly of it. However, it is easily misunderstood. People often think it means not working hard or pursuing (追求) perfection. But the key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate, neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate in one’s words and behaviors. “Yong” has two meanings—being common and unchanging. ▲ When we write a story, we shouldn’t use too many fancy (华丽的) words. But it does mean we can’t use any beautiful language in the story. While exercising, we can’t do too much every time or we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line. The golden mean is always being praised by our nation. President Xi Jinping said we should respect cultural diversity (多样性). We should be confident but not too arrogant (自大的) in cultural exchanges. 1．Which school of thought does the golden mean belong to? A．Taoism. B．Mohism. C．Legalism. D．Confucianism. 2．How does the writer lead into the topic in the first paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By raising questions. C．By explaining facts. D．By listing numbers. 3．A person who agrees with the idea of the golden mean probably ________. A．tries to get everything done as perfectly as possible B．gives up easily when he faces difficulties in life C．is talented and sometimes looks down upon others D．keeps a balance (平衡) between work and play 4．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ ? A．However, we seldom use zhongyong in our life. B．This way of thinking is useful in our daily life. C．Why do people use zhongyong in the life? D．Can it make a difference to our life? 5．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read this passage? A．Nature. B．Sports. C．History. D．Culture. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的中庸之道。 1．细节理解题。根据“Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. In Confucianism (儒家思想), it is seen as an important virtue (品德).”可知，中庸之道属于儒家思想。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“But what’s the most well-known and influential (有影响力的) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. Have you heard of it? Do you know its real meaning?”可知，作者是通过提问的方式引入话题。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“But the key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate, neither too little nor too much.”可知，中庸思想的核心是保持适度，认同中庸之道的人可能会在工作和娱乐等方面保持平衡。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“When we write a story, we shouldn’t use too many fancy (华丽的) words.”和“While exercising, we can’t do too much every time or we might get hurt.”可知，空后内容讲述了在写作和锻炼等方面如何运用中庸之道，说明这种思维方式在日常生活中是有用的，选项B“这种思维方式在我们的日常生活中是有用的”最符合语境。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕儒家思想中的中庸之道展开，属于文化范畴，所以最有可能在报纸的文化版块读到这篇文章。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） Do you know face changing? The amazing skill in Sichuan Opera is used to express the changing feelings of characters. There are over 300 kinds of local operas in China. Among them, Sichuan Opera is one of the oldest. As the most important and the most interesting opera form from Southwestern China, it is popular in Sichuan, Chongqing and some areas of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. A large number of Sichuan Opera performers are active throughout Sichuan Province, both in the countryside and in cities. The opera has three special skills: changing faces, spitting (吐) fire, and rolling lights. Face changing, or “bianlian” in Chinese, is the most famous one. It is an important intangible cultural heritage (ICH非物质文化遗产) in China. Only a few artists have picked up this skill. They know how to change Sichuan Opera masks magically. As they wave their arms and turn their heads, their painted masks change again and again. Face changing got its start about 300 years ago. In the beginning, opera artists changed the color of their faces during performances by blowing into a bowl of red, black or gold powder (粉末). The powder would stick to their oiled skin quickly. In another way, actors would cover their faces with colored paste hidden in their hands. By the 1920’s, opera artists began using layers (层) of masks made of oiled paper. They could peel one after another in the blink of an eye. At present, the artists use full-face painted silk masks which can be worn in layers. 1．What is the main purpose of face changing in Sichuan Opera? A．To scare the audience. B．To show off the performer’s speed. C．To hide the performer’s real identity. D．To express the changing feelings of the characters. 2．Which areas of China is Sichuan Opera popular in? A．Only in Sichuan Province. B．Only in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai. C．In Sichuan, Chongqing, and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou. D．All over China equally. 3．When did face changing begin? A．About 200 years ago. B．About 300 years ago. C．About 400 years ago. D．About 500 years ago. 4．What’s he last paragraph mainly about? A．The development of face changing. B．The importance of face changing. C．The popularity of face changing. D．The future of face changing. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了非物质文化遗产——川剧变脸，介绍了其发展历史、表现形式。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you know face changing? The amazing skill in Sichuan Opera is used to express the changing feelings of characters.”可知，变脸用来表达人物变化的情感，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the most important and the most interesting opera form from Southwestern China, it is popular in Sichuan, Chongqing and some areas of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces.”可知，川剧在四川、重庆和云南、贵州的一些地区很受欢迎。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Face changing got its start about 300 years ago.”可知，变脸始于大约300年前。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Face changing got its start about 300 years ago... In the beginning... By the 1920’s... At present, the artists use full-face painted silk masks which can be worn in layers.”可知，本段主要介绍了变脸的发展，故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·山东济宁市任城区·期末） In China, many ethnic groups (少数民族) celebrate fire in special ways, especially during Torch (火把) Festivals. On August 12th in Bijie, Guizhou Province, the Yi people and visitors danced and sang happily around big fires during their Torch Festival. Every year, the Yi people light (点燃) torches to show their respect (尊敬) for fire. Long ago, the Yi people lived in high and cold places in the mountains. They used fire for light, to stay warm, and cook food. An old saying goes, “Everything you eat must touch fire.” In the past, before taking animal meat into their homes, people would light a small fire outside the door. They held the meat over the fire to drive away bad luck. Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land rich. Now, the festival is more about being together. During the festival, Yi people and visitors come together to share happiness and give thanks for a good life. The Yi people also hope more people will learn about their culture. ____▲____ For example, the Naxi people have their own Torch Festival. Each family makes a big torch, and children make small ones. They even go out in groups to pick flowers and bamboo branches (树枝) to make their torches beautiful. To Naxi children, the festival means delicious food and fun time with family! 1．People in Bijie celebrate the Torch Festival by________. A．lighting leaves to cook food for visitors B．staying in the mountains for some days C．going and visiting other places in Guizhou D．lighting torches, singing and dancing together 2．Which of the following are the uses of fire for the early Yi people? ① for light ② to stay warm ③ to cook food ④ light leaves to make the land rich ⑤ share happiness and thanks A．①②③④ B．①③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤ 3．Which sentence should be put back to the “ ▲ ” in Para.4? A．Torch Festival is important in Yi ethnic group. B．Visitors can’t join in the festival. C．Other ethnic groups also respect fire. D．In western culture, fire comes from the sky. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How the Yi people are learning to use fire. B．What visitors can do in the Yi Torch Festival. C．How important fire is to the ethnic groups in China. D．Why there are many old sayings about fire in Guizhou. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个传统的节日——火把节。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“On August 12th in Bijie, Guizhou Province, the Yi people and visitors danced and sang happily around big fires during their Torch Festival. Every year, the Yi people light (点燃) torches to show their respect (尊敬) for fire.”可知，毕节人通过点燃火把，一起载歌载舞来庆祝彝族火把节。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“They used fire for light, to stay warm, and cook food.”和“Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land rich.”可知，早期，彝族人用火来照明、取暖、做饭以及点燃树叶来使土地肥沃。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据下文“For example, the Naxi people have their own Torch Festival.”可知，纳西族人有自己的火把节。因此，此处说明其他民族也有火把节。选项C“许多其他少数民族也崇拜火。”符合。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In China, many ethnic groups (少数民族) celebrate fire in special ways, especially during Torch (火把) Festivals.”并通读全文可知，本文讲述了火对中国的少数民族的重要性。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市泰山区·期末） ①In ancient China, willow (柳树) branches(树枝) were often given as gifts between friends and family members. But do you know why willow branches became a symbol of saying goodbye? One reason is that willow trees are strong and can grow in almost any kind of soil (土壤), whether it’s wet or dry. Because of this, giving a willow branch to say goodbye shows you hope they will get used to their new living environment easily. Meanwhile (同时), in Chinese, the pronunciation of the willow tree “liu (柳)” is similar to that of the character “liu (留)”, which means “to stay”. So, offering a willow branch is like asking someone to stay, even though you know that they have to leave. ③This tradition is said to have started during the Han Dynasty. At that time, Baqiao, a bridge in Chang’an, was a popular place to say goodbye. People would often stop there and hand willow branches to those who were leaving. Willow branches are also often put in poems. During the Tang and Song dynasties, when travel became easier, poets (诗人) often wrote about the sadness of saying goodbye. For example, Wang Wei wrote in his poem, “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.” ④From old Han Dynasty bridges to today’s airports, willow branches show how ancient Chinese people used nature to express feelings. Next time you see a willow tree, remember—its branches once carried more warm goodbyes than any smartphone emoji (表情符号)! 1．What made willow trees grow in new environments? A．They like water and rain. B．Their ability to grow in any soil. C．They are used to build houses. D．They connect with weather. 2．The Chinese character “liu (留)” in this passage means ________. A．“Don’t travel” B．“To remember” C．“To grow” D．“Don’t leave” 3．“The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green” was written to ________. A．describe a beautiful weather B．give a new house celebration C．express the sad leaving feelings D．describe a meaningful party 4．According to the passage, we can know ________. A．ancient Chinese were smart to show their feelings B．smartphone emojis carry more warm goodbyes C．it’s difficult to grow willow trees in the dry soil D．a poet must be good at writing about sadness of saying goodbye 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了柳树在中国古代作为告别礼物的象征意义及其文化背景。 【详解】18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One reason is that willow trees are strong and can grow in almost any kind of soil (土壤), whether it’s wet or dry.”可知，柳树之所以能在新环境中生长，是因为它们能在任何类型的土壤中生长。故选B。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Meanwhile (同时), in Chinese, the pronunciation of the willow tree ‘liu (柳)’ is similar to that of the character ‘liu (留)’, which means ‘to stay’.”可知，汉字“留”的意思是“留下”或“不要离开”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“During the Tang and Song dynasties, when travel became easier, poets (诗人) often wrote about the sadness of saying goodbye. For example, Wang Wei wrote in his poem, ‘The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.’”可知，这句诗是为了表达离别的伤感。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“From old Han Dynasty bridges to today’s airports, willow branches show how ancient Chinese people used nature to express feelings.”可知，古代中国人通过柳枝表达情感，展现了他们的智慧。故选A。 主题02 人与自然--天体与宇宙 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市高新区·期末） Do you know that China has carried out another exciting space mission (任务)? It’s called Shenzhou-19. Three astronauts, Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, are part of this mission. Cai once flew to space in 2022 with the Shenzhou-14 mission. Both Song and Wang were born in the 1990s. They are new to space travel, but they are very experienced. And Wang is also the third Chinese woman to go on a space mission after Liu Yang and Wang Yaping. The Shenzhou-19 spaceship took off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the early morning on October 30, 2024. They went up into space and met the Shenzhou-18 astronauts at the space station. During their time in space, the astronauts did scientific experiments, went on spacewalks, and even helped with building and fixing things outside the space station. They also taught us about space through educational activities. On December 17, three astronauts worked together to do a spacewalk. It took them nine hours to finish their work outside the space station. That is a new record for Chinese astronauts. The previous (之前的) record for the longest spacewalk was eight hours and 56 minutes set by US astronauts in 2001. This is a big achievement in space exploration for China and the whole world. On April 30, 2025, Shenzhou-19 successfully returned to Earth and landed safely at the Dongfeng landing site, ending its 183-day space mission. 1．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The meaning of Shenzhou-19 mission. B．Members of Shenzhou-19 mission. C．Preparations of Shenzhou-19 mission. D．The tasks of Shenzhou-19 mission. 2．According to the passage, astronauts of Shenzhou-19 mission ________. A．walk in space B．explore the Moon and Mars C．teach students about health D．build and fix things in the space station 3．What does “That” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．It’s the first spacewalk for Chinese astronauts. B．It’s longer than any previous spacewalk in history. C．It took Chinese astronauts 183 days to finish the space mission. D．It took Chinese astronauts 8 hours and 56 minutes to finish their work. 4．What might be the best title of the text? A．China’s Newest Space Explorers B．The Shenzhou-19 Space Mission C．A Record-breaking Spacewalk in China D．Chinese Astronauts’ Great Achievements 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述神舟十九号载人航天任务，包括任务成员、执行过程及取得的成果。 1．段落大意题。根据“Do you know that China has carried out another exciting space mission (任务)?...Chinese woman to go on a space mission after Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.”可知，第一段主要介绍神舟十九号任务的成员信息。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“During their time in space, the astronauts did scientific experiments, went on spacewalks...”可知，神舟十九号的宇航员进行了太空行走。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“On December 17, three astronauts worked together to do a spacewalk. It took them nine hours to finish their work outside the space station. That is a new record...”可知，“That”指代此次太空行走耗时9小时，比之前美国宇航员创造的纪录更长这件事。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕神舟十九号航天任务展开，介绍成员、任务过程及成果。B选项“神舟十九号航天任务”最能概括全文。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东德州市陵城区·期末） How would we live on Mars? Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System. Sometimes Mars is also called the “Red Planet”. Mars is the second closest to Earth and it is easy to see in the night sky. Like Earth, it has clouds, winds, seasonal weather and mountains and other familiar features. A day on Mars is about 24 hours and 37 minutes, while a day on Earth is about 23 hours and 56 minutes. Humans have started to explore Mars since the 1960s. Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of SpaceX, is considering getting people to go to Mars and finally setting up a base that can serve as an actual city, supporting one million people there. To build a city on Mars, rockets should be sent to Mars continually until there are enough resources (资源). The SpaceX team will build rockets that are able to be used 1,000 times. With the rockets, spaceships with people and things will be sent to Mars. The spaceship is central to the plan. Each spaceship can carry up to 100 people and about 450 tons of things at a time and it will take about 80 days to get to Mars. To support the project, SpaceX is going to build 1,000 spaceships. Because it is really cold on Mars, human-friendly living spaces will be built underground. On the ground, spaces will be built with special glass with plant life inside, where humans could walk around without spacesuits. As for food, plants could grow in water instead of soil on solar-powered (太阳能的) farms. “There is a good chance that we will not succeed,” Elon Musk says, “but we are going to do our best and try to make as much progress as possible.” Let’s hope that we will live a better life on Mars in the future. 1．What do we know about Mars? A．It’s the largest planet. B．It’s the fourth closest to Earth. C．It’s the second planet from the Sun. D．It has something in common with Earth. 2．Which is Musk’s final plan? A．To build rockets to fly people to Mars. B．To have one million people live on Mars. C．To carry things from Mars back to Earth. D．To make Mars a place for people to have fun. 3．What is one of the characteristics of the living spaces to be built on Mars? A．They will be built above the ground. B．People will need to wear spacesuits inside. C．They will be powered by nuclear (原子能的) energy. D．They will be made of special glass with plant life inside. 4．How does Musk feel about the plan? A．It is a piece of cake. B．He is sure to succeed. C．He may not make it but others will. D．He knows it may fail but he will try. 5．What is the structure of the article? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的基本情况以及马斯克的火星移民计划。 1．细节理解题。根据“Like Earth, it has clouds, winds, seasonal weather and mountains and other familiar features.”可知，火星和地球有相似之处。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Elon Musk, the founder and CEO… supporting one million people there.”可知，马斯克的最终目的就是要让100万人居住在火星。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“On the ground, spaces will be built with special glass with plant life inside”可知，在地面上，空间将采用带有内部植物生命的特殊玻璃建造。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“There is a good chance…our best and try to make as much progress as possible.”可知，马斯克已经知道他的计划很有可能不会成功，但是他愿意尽全力去取得更多的进展。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍了火星的一些基本信息以及人类探索火星的背景；第二段开始讲述埃隆·马斯克考虑将人送到火星并建立基地的计划，以容纳100万人的生活需求；第三段要在火星上建造一座城市，需要持续不断地向火星发射火箭，直到有足够的资源；第四段介绍了火星上生活空间的建造特点；最后一段是马斯克对这个计划的态度，很可能会失败，但会尽最大努力，希望将来能在火星上过上更好的生活。文章是“总分总”结构，A选项图符合。故选A。 Passage3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） China’s Big Step Forward in Exploring (探索) the Moon. China has sent three important probes (探测器)—Chang’e 4, Chang’e 5 and Chang’e 6 to the moon so far. 2018 Chang’e 4 was launched (发射) on December 8th, 2018, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (卫星发射中心). Its main task was to land on the far side of the moon. There was no spaceship landing there before. Chang’e 4 studied the moon’s soil and sent back many pictures. This probe helped scientists understand the far side of the moon. 2020 Chang’e 5 was launched on November 24th, 2020, from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site and it reached the moon seven days later. Its main task was to collect rocks and soil on the near side of the moon and bring them back to the earth. On December 17th, 2020, Chang’e 5 returned with some samples (样本). 2024 Chang’e 6 was launched in May, 2024. It collected samples from the far side of the moon. This is important because they were the first samples from that part of the moon. Chang’e 6 will help scientists learn more about the moon’s environment and history. These probes help us understand the moon better and prepare for future space exploration. And China will send more probes to explore other planets like Mars (火星) 1．When and where was Chang’e 4 launched? A．On November 24th, 2020 from Xichang. B．On December 8th, 2018 from Xichang. C．On December 8th, 2018 from Wenchang. D．On May 1st, 2024 from Wenchang. 2．Why were the samples collected by Chang’e 6 important? A．Because Chang’e 6 was the first probe sent by humans to the moon. B．Because they were the first samples from the far side of the moon. C．Because they showed that there was water source on the moon. D．Because they showed that people can live on the moon in the future. 3．What is the purpose (目的) of this text? A．To call on more people to study the moon and Mars. B．To attract (吸引) more people to travel to the moon one day. C．To show the moon is the most important part in space. D．To show China’s development in moon exploration. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了近年来中国在探索月球方面的成果：嫦娥四号、嫦娥五号和嫦娥六号三个重要的探测器，展示了中国在探月工程中的发展。 1．细节理解题。根据“Chang’e 4 was launched on December 8th, 2018, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.”可知，嫦娥四号于2018年12月8日从西昌卫星发射中心发射。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is important because they were the first samples from that part of the moon.”可知，嫦娥六号采集的样本很重要是因为它们是第一批来自月球背面的样本。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段“These probes help us understand the moon better and prepare for future space exploration. And China will send more probes to explore other planets like Mars”可知，全文通过介绍嫦娥四号、五号、六号的任务及成就，且这些探测器帮助我们更好地了解月球，为未来的太空探索做准备，则本文的目的是为了展示中国在探月工程中的发展。故选D。 主题03 人与自我--学习策略 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东威海乳山市·期末） Different people may find different learning methods work best for them. Some turn to private teachers in order to get better grades. Others may choose to join study groups. In fact, many schools encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them. “Two heads are better than one.” That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By joining a study group, students can benefit from other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Usually, study groups can create a slightly tense (紧张的) atmosphere (气氛) in which it’s good to study. For example, some students always procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves. However, by joining a study group, they get to notice their group members who are working hard. As a result, they are likely to be encouraged to work harder. Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small. Four to five members is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal. Small study groups with four to five members work best. When everyone shares a goal, like preparing for a test or reviewing notes, it makes studying more effective. Having clear roles helps as well. An organizer keeps everything in order, a fact-finder checks facts, and a gatekeeper makes sure everyone joins in. This way, study groups become great places to learn together, share ideas, and get better grades. In summary, study groups are very helpful for students. By forming groups properly, setting clear goals, and giving roles, students can get the most from study groups. 1．What can we infer from “Two heads are better than one”? A．Groups need leaders. B．Studying together helps. C．Private teachers are better. 2．Why do study groups create a tense atmosphere? A．To make students nervous. B．To encourage hard work. C．To notice other members. 3．How many members are best for a study group? A．2-3. B．4-5. C．6-7. 4．What does the fifth paragraph talk about? A．Group roles. B．Study goals. C．Test preparation. 5．Which of the following is the best title? A．Study Alone or in Groups? B．Are Study Groups Popular? C．Why Study Groups Are Good? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了许多学校鼓励学生加入学习小组，列举了加入学习小组的好处，并介绍了成员在小组中扮演的角色及其职责。 1．推理判断题。根据“By joining a study group, students can benefit from other students.”可知，通过加入学习小组，学生可以从其他同学身上受益。因此“Two heads are better than one”强调的是学习合作，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As a result, they are likely to be encouraged to work harder.”可知，学习小组的轻微紧张气氛能激励学生努力学习。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Four to five members is about right.”可知，学习小组的最佳规模是4-5人，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Having clear roles helps as well.”可知，第五段主要讨论小组角色，故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据“In fact, many schools encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.”可知，文章通篇解释学习小组的好处，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） Many people like going on vacation. It’s a good chance to relax, visit new places and see new things. But while planning a trip, you have to decide whether you want to travel with family or friends, or just alone. Traveling with family can be very cheap or even free if parents pay. However, there may be many arguments. One friend told me that both she and her sister were in tears after arguing on vacation. In my family, Dad always wants to go to a museum. Mom would like to stay in the hotel. My sister likes to buy clothes. As for me, the coffee shop is a great place. Traveling with friends would be fun. When you are traveling with friends, you can do more different things than you do with family. It is a way to strengthen a friendship. You can learn more about your friends. You can become closer to each other. But money always plays an important role if you go on vacation with your friends. It is normal for you to have different budgets (预算). What’s more, there is also a lot of compromise (妥协) while you’re planning where to stay and what to eat. When it comes to choosing whom to travel with, there is another choice: traveling alone. Traveling alone has advantages (优点). For example, you do not have to compromise on your budget. You can choose what you want to do, and it’s easier for you to make new friends. Sometimes you may feel lonely. And, when you want to go to the toilet at the bus station or airport, there is nobody to look after your things. 1．What decision do you have to make while you are planning a trip? A．Where to stay. B．What to eat. C．How to go. D．Who to go with. 2．What does the writer’s sister usually like to do during her trip? A．To enjoy a cup of coffee. B．To stay in the hotel. C．To go shopping. D．To go to a museum. 3．The underlined word “strengthen” in Paragraph 3 means ________ in English. A．test B．improve C．start D．end 4．Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank? A．Children are too young to travel alone. B．Here are some tips for traveling alone. C．If you travel alone, you have to take care of yourself. D．Of course, traveling alone is not always good. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文探讨了旅行时选择伴侣的三种方式——与家人、与朋友或独自旅行，并分析了各自的优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But while planning a trip, you have to decide whether you want to travel with family or friends, or just alone.”可知，在计划旅行时，你必须决定“与谁同行”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“My sister likes to buy clothes.”可知，作者的姐姐旅行时喜欢逛街买衣服。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When you are traveling with friends, you can do more different things than you do with family. It is a way to strengthen a friendship. You can learn more about your friends. You can become closer to each other.”可知，此处应指和朋友旅行有助于“增进”友谊，则划线部分应与选项B“提高，改善”意思相近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes you may feel lonely. And, when you want to go to the toilet at the bus station or airport, there is nobody to look after your things.”可知，空处应在引出独自旅行的缺点，选项D“当然，独自旅行并不总是好的”符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东日照市岚山区·期末） Labor classes at school can help students be active, creative (有创造力的) and happy in life. At the same time, students can learn the meaning of labor. From last September, all students in middle school can have at least one labor class a week. There are many interesting labor classes now. Students from a school in Chongqing had a class about catching fish in the river and learning about their habits. In Shanxi Province, students made tofu with beans. They also cooked it by themselves. The labor classes made them feel happy when they cooked delicious meals. Some students also kept small animals at home like chickens. This helped students learn how to care for living things and also made them more interested in biology. According to the new policy (政策), middle school students need to learn the following skills in labor classes: Clean their rooms and classrooms, pick proper (合适的) clothes for travel, cook three or four meals, and take part in labor activities such as planting or fishing. A study shows that doing labor work is good for students. The students can get more self-control, do better in school, and feel happier from it. Labor classes not only teach them important skills but also are a great way to relax during a busy school day. So which kind of labor skill do you want to learn most? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many labor classes do students in middle school have a week now? A．Zero. B．One or more. C．At least two. D．More than three. 2．Which of the following can students learn in labor classes? A．Eating habits. B．Chinese culture. C．Cooking skills. D．New policies. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Labor classes make the students’ homework harder. B．Students can enjoy themselves by doing labor work. C．Labor classes only teach students some fishing skills. D．Students will lose control if they don’t take labor classes. 4．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了劳动对学生的好处，强调了劳动课的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“From last September, all students in middle school can have at least one labor class a week.”可知，所有中学生每周至少有一节劳动课。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“According to the new policy (政策), middle school students need to learn the following skills in labor classes… cook three or four meals...”可知在劳动课上学生可以学会烹饪技巧。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The labor classes made them feel happy when they cooked delicious meals.”以及“The students can get more self-control, do better in school, and feel happier from it.”可知劳动让学生开心、快乐。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了关于中学劳动课的政策，总领全文；第二段和第三段列举了重庆、山西等地学校有趣的劳动课案例，并说明劳动课要求学生掌握的技能；第四段总结全文，阐述劳动对学生的好处，强调劳动课的价值。文章为总分总结构。故选A。 主题04 人与社会--名人故事 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市肥城市·期末） Egg carving (蛋雕) is often called the most fragile (易碎的) art, as it requires great care before, during and even after the carving. Yu Wen, the granddaughter of a famous local painter in Dandong, Liaoning Province, has been practicing egg carving for about 25 years. Yu has used more than 10,000 eggs, and years of hard work has left many thick calluses (茧) on her hands. Sometimes she can’t even hold chopsticks properly after a long day of holding the carving knife. But in Yu’s opinion, the difficult process makes egg carving twice as exciting. “If you carve off too much, the work is broken and there is no way to deal with it. That makes the sense of achievement even greater when you finish a piece,” said Yu. Yu’s love for egg carving started with a local tradition. In northeast China, when a baby is born, friends and parents often give eggs colored red as gifts, and some may carve auspicious (吉利的) words on them. The character “fu” is a popular one to be carved onto eggs. Yu carves with not only popular characters or traditional patterns, but also Peking Opera masks and wall paintings. Her egg carving is just as much about eggs as it is about Chinese culture. Now Yu teaches egg carving at a local university. In recent years, she has seen more people coming from across the country learn the art. “I hope I can better combine (结合) the art with traditional culture in the future,” Yu said. 1．What is most needed during the process of carving an egg? A．Much money. B．Much attention. C．Colored eggs. D．Carving knives. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yu’s love for egg carving comes from her grandfather. B．Yu thinks the difficult process makes egg carving less exciting. C．Now Yu teaches egg carving at a university in Liaoning Province. D．Egg carving is the most fragile art because it only requires care during the carving. 3．According to the passage, what does Yu Wen carve onto eggs? ①Babies’ pictures. ②Traditional patterns. ③Peking Opera masks. ④Wall paintings. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Yu Wen loves egg carving very much. B．Yu Wen works at a primary school now. C．Yu Wen started to carve eggs at the age of 25. D．There is something wrong with Yu Wen’s eyes. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了辽宁丹东蛋雕艺人于文的故事。作为当地著名画家的孙女，于文从事蛋雕艺术已有25年，她不仅传承了这门易碎却充满魅力的技艺，还将中国传统文化融入作品中，如今在当地大学教授蛋雕，希望让这门艺术与传统文化更好地结合。 1．细节理解题。根据“Egg carving (蛋雕) is often called the most fragile (易碎的) art, as it requires great care before, during and even after the carving.”可知，蛋雕需要在雕刻前、中、后都极度小心，即需要高度的专注力（much attention）。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Yu Wen... in Dandong, Liaoning Province”及“Now Yu teaches egg carving at a local university.”可知，于文在辽宁当地的大学教授蛋雕。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Yu carves with not only popular characters or traditional patterns, but also Peking Opera masks and wall paintings.”可知，她雕刻的内容包括传统图案（②）、京剧脸谱（③）、壁画（④）。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Yu Wen, the granddaughter of a famous local painter in Dandong, Liaoning Province, has been practicing egg carving for about 25 years.”和“Yu has used more than 10,000 eggs, and years of hard work has left many thick calluses (茧) on her hands. Sometimes she can’t even hold chopsticks properly after a long day of holding the carving knife.”以及“Yu’s love for egg carving started with a local tradition.”可知，于文从事蛋雕25年，用了超过10000个蛋，即使手上磨出厚茧、握不住筷子也坚持，还希望将其与传统文化结合，由此可见她非常热爱蛋雕。故选A。 主题01 人与社会--科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东济宁市曲阜市·期末） The ocean waters rise and fall along the coast. This movement is called the tide (潮汐). When the tide comes in, the ocean rises. The rocks along the coast are covered in water. When the tide goes out, some of the salt water stays behind in large holes in the rocks. This causes tide pools. The animals that live in tide pools, such as crabs (蟹), sea stars, and mussels (蚌), have to get used to changes in the water. They must face large waves, the hot sun, and hungry meat-eating animals. When the tide is high, animals in tide pools are covered with water. This protects them from the strong sun. ________ And it can also wash the meat-eating animals away. When the tide is low, the animals in tide pools have to move to another world. Many of them are no longer covered by water. They are not safe because of the sun’s heat or hungry animals. There is less food for animals such as mussels in the tide pools. Mussels are protected by hard shells (壳). When food passes by, a mussel opens its shell to eat. It closes its shell when danger comes around the corner. Hungry sea stars will hit a mussel, hoping to find a way into its shell. Crabs search for dead plants and animals while keeping away from seagulls (海鸥). In fact, life in a tide pool is also an adventure like humans. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put in the blank “________”? A．The tide can bring in food for the animals. B．They sometimes face hungry meat-eating animals. C．They even have less food to feed on. D．The danger may come around the corner. 2．What may a mussel do when food passes by? A．Find a way to run. B．Keep its shell closed. C．Open its shell to eat. D．Search for dead plants. 3．When a sea star meets the mussels, what may happen next? A．A crab would find a way into mussels’ shells. B．Sea gulls would search for the mussels. C．The sea star would eat the mussels. D．The mussels would open their shells. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．Only animals may face adventure in life. B．The animals in tide pools can’t live without water. C．Humans needn’t face an adventure in life. D．Life is always full of adventure. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了潮汐池的形成、生活在潮汐池中的动物如何适应环境变化，以及它们在不同潮汐状态下的生存策略。 1．推理判断题。根据“When the tide is high, animals in tide pools are covered with water. This protects them from the strong sun…And it can also wash the meat-eating animals away.”可知，此处描述的是涨潮时潮汐对潮汐池中动物的保护作用，包括遮挡阳光和冲走食肉动物。空白处应填入与潮汐带来的好处相关的内容。A选项“潮汐可以为动物带来食物”符合语境，与后文“冲走食肉动物”共同构成潮汐的积极作用。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“When food passes by, a mussel opens its shell to eat.”可知，当食物经过时，贻贝会打开壳进食。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Hungry sea stars will hit a mussel, hoping to find a way into its shell.”可知，饥饿的海星会撞击贻贝，试图找到进入其壳的方法，即海星可能会吃掉贻贝。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“In fact, life in a tide pool is also an adventure like humans.”可知，潮汐池中的生活对动物来说是一场冒险，可推断出生活总是充满冒险。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东威海市经济技术开发区·期末） Before rail was introduced, the primary means of transportation (交通运输) in China was by boat, often along China’s many great rivers, which include the Yellow River in the north, the Changjiang in central China, and the Zhujiang in the south. People also used the Grand Canal (大运河), which connected Beijing with Hangzhou, about 1,300 kilometers to the south. Traveling long distance (距离) by road had many disadvantages, as there were mountains and rivers to cross, and the road was sometimes poor. The most common form of travel in modern China is by rail. However, the earliest railway in China was not successful. The first was built in Beijing in 1865 by British merchants as a demonstration (演示) for the Qing Dynasty government. Unfortunately, officials found the railway noisy and strange, and had the railway taken apart. It was not until 1881 that the first permanent railway in China was established (建立). Now that China has gained skill and knowledge in high speed rail, it is seeking to export (输出) its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the development of a new high speed rail line connecting Istanbul with Turkey’s capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects in many other countries. Perhaps its most ambitious project is a Trans-Asian network linking China with Europe, which is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). 1．What can we know from Para 1? A．The main transportation in China in the past. B．The number of the Grand Canal of ancient China. C．The advantage of traveling long distance. 2．Why did the Qing Dynasty government take apart the first railway? A．They thought it too expensive. B．They thought it noisy and strange. C．They didn’t like the British merchants. 3．When did China have the first permanent railway? A．In 1865 B．In 1881. C．In 2030. 4．What is China’s first international project? A．A new high speed rail line from Istanbul to Ankara. B．A Trans-Asian network from China to Europe. C．A new grand canal from Turkey to China. 5．Which word in the last paragraph has the similar meaning to “connect”? A．Gain. B．Seek. C．Link. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国交通运输方式从古代水运到现代铁路的发展历程，重点介绍了早期铁路建设的曲折和高铁技术的国际输出成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“Before rail was introduced, the primary means of transportation (交通运输) in China was by boat, often along China’s many great rivers”可知，铁路出现前中国主要交通工具是船。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“officials found the railway noisy and strange, and had the railway taken apart”可知，清政府拆除铁路是因为觉得它吵闹且奇怪。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It was not until 1881 that the first permanent railway in China was established (建立).”可知，中国第一条永久铁路建于1881年。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Its first project on the international market was the development of a new high speed rail line connecting Istanbul with Turkey’s capital, Ankara”可知，中国首个国际项目是伊斯坦布尔至安卡拉高铁。故选A。 5．词义猜测题。根据“Perhaps its most ambitious project is a Trans-Asian network linking China with Europe”可知，“linking”在这里表示“连接”，与 “connect”意思相近。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） It’s believed that Chinese is one of the most difficult languages in the world. For one thing, Chinese has tens of thousands of characters (汉字). And its writing way is also one of the main difficulties for all the learners. More importantly, the language has different tones (声调), “ma” with the first Chinese tone means “mom”, but with the third tone, it means “horse”. However, according to the Ministry of Education (教育部) in China, the Chinese language learning is available in more than 180 countries around the world. 76 countries have included the Chinese language in their national education systems and nearly 200 million people have received Chinese language training. With so many interesting foreign languages to learn, why choose Chinese? For one, China plays an important role in the world events. Learning Chinese may help one find a good job. Also, China has a long history with rich culture and its culture and cooking styles have long influenced its neighbors and the West. Knowing the language also makes traveling around China easier and more enjoyable. As for learning Chinese, there is no magic. Just spend time practicing it. Listen and speak as often as possible. Listen to Chinese music and watch Chinese movies and shows. Try to speak with native Chinese speakers. Don’t forget to read traditional Chinese stories to understand the culture or try reading a Chinese newspaper. As for writing, practice writing Chinese characters in a notebook and try to create sentences with them. When you learn Chinese, you’re learning more than just a new language. What are you waiting for? There is no better time than now to get started! 1．Which is NOT a great difficulty of learning Chinese? A．So many learners. B．Ways to write. C．Different tones. D．Lots of characters. 2．What can we learn from the Ministry of Education? A．Fewer than 180 countries are learning Chinese. B．Students in 76 countries learn Chinese every day. C．Many other countries take Chinese learning seriously. D．Chinese learning is only available in a few countries. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Traditions in Chinese culture. B．Information about Chinese speakers. C．History of Chinese TV shows. D．Ways to learn the Chinese language. 4．Who is the passage most probably for? A．News reporters. B．College teachers. C．Chinese children. D．Foreign learners. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了学习中文的困难、中文在世界的普及情况、选择学习中文的原因以及学习中文的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinese has tens of thousands of characters. And its writing way is also one of the main difficulties…the language has different tones”可知，学习中文的困难包括大量的汉字、书写方式和不同的声调，而“很多学习者”并非学习中文的困难。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the Chinese language learning is available in more than 180 countries…76 countries have included the Chinese language in their national education systems”可知，很多其他国家重视中文学习。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Listen and speak as often as possible...Listen to Chinese music...watch Chinese movies…Try to speak with native Chinese speakers...read traditional Chinese stories…practice writing Chinese characters”可知，该段主要介绍了学习中文的方法。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章围绕学习中文的困难、普及情况、原因和方法展开，且内容是针对学习中文的相关介绍，所以这篇文章很可能是给外国学习者的。故选D。 主题02 人与社会--发明与创造 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市新泰市·期末） During the May Day holiday in China, something exciting happened. Many tourists who climbed tall mountains started using AI-powered robotic supports. These are like smart aids for their legs! This shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism” In Shandong, there is a famous mountain called Mount Tai, which is very tall, with a top over 1,500 meters and more than 7,000 steps. Instead of climbing all those steps on their own, many tourists chose to use robotic legs for help. These cool tools became so popular that there were long lines of people waiting to try them. Li, head of Taishan Cultural Tourism Group, mentioned that they began offering 10 of these supports in January and the number has grown to 500 by May! Renting these tools costs 80 yuan for three hours. It might seem a little bit expensive, but they help people climb faster and more easily. A 26-year-old man from Beijing named Yan used one and said, “I don’t want my legs to feel tired after climbing. These robotic legs make it much easier and more enjoyable!” Using high-tech tools to help in mountain climbing is becoming more and more popular. In Anhui, Huangshan Mountain also plans to introduce smart knee straps (带子) and walking sticks this month. These smart tools not only make climbing more interesting but also attract people’s attention to the use of new technology in our daily life. A travel website called Tuniu pointed out that AI-powered tools can draw more young people to places of interest, providing greater development space for tourism industry and economy (经济). Wei, who started the website, said these tools will lower the risk of mountain climbing, and lead a new trend (潮流) among people of all ages. The widespread use of robotic supports shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism” and technology is not about replacing humankind, but about expanding (增加) the possibility of humankind experiencing nature. In the future, human-machine collaboration (协作) will meet the growing travel needs of visitors and continue to bring us new surprises. 1．What tools did many tourists use while climbing Mount Tai according to the passage? A．Robotic supports. B．Smartphones. C．Paper maps. D．Ropeways. 2．How did Wei feel about the introduction of high-tech tools on mountain climbing? A．Educational. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Interesting. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Human-Machine Collaboration in the Future B．Mount Tai: Where Robotic Legs Are Popular C．The Importance of High-tech in Daily Life D．China’s Smart Tourism: AI Robots Help Climbers 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国“智慧旅游”的新趋势，聚焦于人工智能驱动的高科技装备在登山旅游中的应用与发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Many tourists who climbed tall mountains started using AI-powered robotic supports.”可知，许多攀登高山的游客开始使用“人工智能机器人支架”。故选A。 2．观点态度题。根据“Wei, who started the website, said these tools will lower the risk of mountain climbing, and lead a new trend among people of all ages.”可知，该网站的创始人魏说，这些工具将降低登山的风险，并在各个年龄段的人群中引领一种新趋势，则魏应是对高科技登山辅助工具持积极、充满希望的态度。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段总体介绍了“智能旅游”及其应用背景；第二、三段再以泰山和黄山为例展开阐述；最后一段总结展望，则全文的结构为“总—分—总”，选项A“①—②③—④”符合。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章核心围绕中国“智慧旅游”展开，以AI机器人助力登山为具体案例，体现了科技与旅游的结合，选项D“中国智慧旅游：人工智能机器人帮助登山者”符合。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） Chopsticks were invented at least 3,000 years ago. Emperor Xin, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, already used chopsticks. They were made of ivory (象牙). More than 2,000 years ago, Mozi made the first kite. It was a wood bird. Flying kites became people’s favorite outdoor activity in the Song Dynasty. Zhang Heng was a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He knew a lot about the sun, the moon, the stars, and the earth. In 132, he invented the seismograph to record earthquakes. In the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented the moveable type. First, Bi made clay Chinese characters (汉字). Then he fired them. When Bi needed to print books, he arranged (排列) the clay characters in metal holder and then brushed them with ink (墨水). 1．When did flying kites become people’s favorite outdoor activity? A．In the Shang Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Song Dynasty. D．In the Ming Dynasty. 2．What do we know about Zhang Heng? A．He made the first kite. B．He know a lot about printing. C．He was a scientist in the Song Dynasty. D．He invented the seismograph (地动仪) over 1,800 years ago. 3．Which is the right stop of the moveable type? a. firing the clay pieces                     b. brushing the clay characters with ink c. making clay Chinese characters         d. arranging the clay characters in a holder A．cbad B．cadb C．dbca D．adbc 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代的一些发明。 【详解】68．细节理解题。根据第二件发明的介绍“Flying kites became people’s favorite outdoor activity in the Song Dynasty.”可知，放风筝在宋朝成为人们最喜爱的户外活动。故选C。 1．推理判断题。根据第三件发明的介绍“Zhang Heng was a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty…he invented the seismograph to record earthquakes.”可知，在132年，东汉科学家张衡发明了地动仪，经过简单计算可知，距今(2025-132=1893年)1800多年。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四件发明的介绍“First, Bi made clay Chinese characters. Then he fired them. When Bi needed to print books, he arranged the clay characters in mental holder and then brushed them with ink.”可知，毕昇制作活字的步骤为：首先制作汉字泥块，然后烧制它们，接着把泥块排列在金属容器里，最后刷上墨水，则正确的顺序为“cadb”。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东泰安市岱岳区·期末） In 2024, the Hangzhou Marathon (马拉松) introduced two robot helpers, Go2 and B2. Go2 is a robot that looks like an animal with four legs. It ran along the road, played music, gave safety advice, and cheered for runners. B2, another four-legged robot, served as a guide for runners to follow. They both could tell runners about the weather and road conditions, helping them plan their race better without getting hurt.              At the Yizhuang Half Marathon in Beijing, a robot named Tiangong joined the last 100 meters of the race. It is a humanoid robot, which means it looks like a human. It is 163 cm tall and weighs 43 kg. It ran with runners and crossed the finish line. Tiangong also shook hands and took photos with people, making itself shine at the event. The use of robots in marathons helps achieve a few goals (目标). First, robots like Go2 and B2 offer practical help to runners, such as cheering and sharing important information. Second, the robots can make the events more enjoyable for both runners and spectators (观众). Moreover, these events provide a chance to make use of robots beyond (超出；……外) factories or controlled environments, pushing them into public and real-world activities. The organizers of the Yizhuang Half Marathon have planned the world’s first half marathon only for humanoid robots. Hosted in Beijing E-Town in 2025, the race helps attract (吸引) fans from around the world. It is believed to drive the development of robots. Robots appear at more events like marathons, and they can change the way people organize and experience the races. As development continues, people will make better use of them not only in sports but also in other activities. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly show us? A．Why Go2 and B2 served as guides. B．What runners thought of Go2 and B2. C．How scientists developed Go2 and B2. D．How Go2 and B2 helped runners in the race. 2．How can we understand the underlined words in paragraph 2? A．Tiangong could shine brightly at night. B．Tiangong was popular at the event. C．Tiangong helped runners run faster. D．Tiangong was more competitive. 3．The world’s first half marathon for humanoid robots will be ________. A．in Hangzhou in 2024 B．in Beijing in 2024 C．in Hangzhou in 2025 D．in Beijing in 2025 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Robots can only be used in factories. B．Robots can’t help people organize events. C．People will use robots better in more activities. D．Robots will take the place of humans in marathons. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人在马拉松比赛中的应用，如杭州马拉松和北京亦庄半程马拉松中机器人提供的帮助，以及机器人参与马拉松的意义和未来的相关计划。 【详解】71．细节理解题。根据“Go2 is a robot that looks like an animal with four legs. It ran along the road, played music, gave safety advice, and cheered for runners. B2, another four-legged robot, served as a guide for runners to follow. They both could tell runners about the weather and road conditions...”可知，第一段主要讲了Go2和B2在比赛中如何帮助跑步者，故选D。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Tiangong also shook hands and took photos with people, making itself shine at the event.”可知，天宫机器人和人们握手、拍照，在活动中很受欢迎，“making itself shine”在这里指它很受欢迎，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The organizers of the Yizhuang Half Marathon have planned the world’s first half marathon only for humanoid robots. Hosted in Beijing E-Town in 2025”可知，世界上第一场人形机器人半程马拉松将于2025年在北京举行，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“As development continues, people will make better use of them not only in sports but also in other activities.”可知，人们将在更多活动中更好地使用机器人，故选C。 主题03 人与社会--问题解决 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊市高新区·期末） Do you want a job in the holiday? Just go for it. First, you need to know what kind of job is suitable for your age and interest. If you’re 13 to 15 It seems that you can’t work almost anywhere, but you’re probably allowed to clean your neighbours’ cars or walk their dogs. By law (法律), you can’t work more than 35 hours each week during school holidays. And you can’t work before 7 am or after 7 pm. If you’re 16 or 17 The lowest wage for 16- to 17-year-old teenagers shouldn’t be less than 7 dollars per hour. You can’t work in a pub or bar, but you can work in many other places. By law, you can’t work more than 40 hours each week. What jobs are out there? Your choices are limited (限制) by the fact that you can only work during school holidays, but the following situations are fine. At Christmas, most shops are short of hands, so you may find something to do there. In autumn, there’s always fruit picking. It can be pretty hard work, but it pays really well. If you’re mad about football, you can choose to work in a local football club. No matter how much you are paid, you are doing what you like. 1．In the school holidays, 14-year-old kids ________. A．can work anywhere they want B．are not allowed to walk alone C．can’t go to work at night D．can work as long as 14 hours a day 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．A 16-year-old boy can work in a bar. B．Fruit picking is tiring but pays really little. C．It’s hard to find jobs during school holidays. D．It’s very important for you to do what you like. 3．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A story book. B．A newspaper. C．A science book. D．A novel. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述不同年龄段（13-15岁、16-17岁）在假期找工作的相关规定，以及可从事的工作类型。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you’re 13 to 15.”及“By law (法律), you can’t work more than 35 hours each week during school holidays. And you can’t work before 7 am or after 7 pm.”可知，14岁孩子在学校假期不能在晚上工作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“If you’re mad about football, you can choose to work in a local football club. No matter how much you are paid, you are doing what you like.”可知，做自己喜欢的事很重要。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章是关于青少年假期工作的信息指引，这类内容常出现在报纸的生活资讯板块。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东济南市天桥区·期末） Having trouble getting out of bed for school on Monday mornings? This year’s World Sleep Day on March 21 has brought more attention to the problem of teenagers not getting enough sleep. Many teenagers feel sleepy during the day. Homework, after-school activities and using electronic devices (电子设备) are all reasons. Take homework as an example. Students may have to stay up late to finish it and may not sleep well as a result. According to USA Facts, 77.3 percent of high school students in the US do not get enough sleep. Good sleep is important for everyone, and it is especially important for teenagers. They need nine to ten hours of sleep each day—more than adults, said the US National Institute of Health (NIH). This is because adolescence (青春期) is a time of deep mental, physical and social change. For students, sleep plays a key role in doing well in school. It helps improve focus, memory and thinking skills. Sleep also helps teenagers become more creative. This relationship was first studied in the late 20th century, when scientists at Loughborough University in the UK did a test. They compared the creative performance of people who didn’t sleep well and those who sleep well. The first group did worse on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. They kept making the same mistakes and were unable to come up with new ideas. More recently, in 2023, the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that “sleep onset (开始)” is especially helpful for creativity. This special sleep stage happens when we are just starting to fall asleep. If people are guided to dream about a certain task during sleep onset, they can do that task more creatively after waking up, according to MIT News. Next time you go to bed, make sure your bedroom is quiet and dark so you can sleep well and have more creative ideas when you wake up. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To ask a question. B．To give some advice. C．To lead in the topic. D．To tell the difference. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The study of students’ sleep hours. B．The importance of getting enough sleep. C．Why homework causes sleep problems. D．Why teenagers feel sleepy in the daytime. 3．According to the NIH, how many hours of sleep do teenagers need each day? A．7-8 hours. B．8-9 hours. C．9-10 hours. D．10-11 hours. 4．What did the scientists at Loughborough University find? A．People who slept poorly could do better. B．People who slept well were more creative. C．People who slept well made more mistakes. D．People who slept poorly had more new ideas. 5．Which is true according to the text? A．Adults don’t need as much sleep as teenagers. B．Electronic devices help teenagers to sleep well. C．Sleep onset is the most important stage for creativity. D．Students who don’t get enough sleep can’t study at all. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文探讨了青少年睡眠不足的问题及其成因，强调青少年需要足够的睡眠以支持青春期身心发展，并论述睡眠对学业表现、专注力、记忆力和创造力的积极影响。 1．推理判断题。根据“Having trouble getting out of bed for school on Monday mornings?”可知，第一段开头用提问吸引读者注意，是为了引入要介绍的话题。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Many teenagers feel sleepy during the day.”以及通读第二段可知，本段主要是解释青少年白天困倦的原因。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“They need nine to ten hours of sleep each day—more than adults”可知，青少年需要9-10小时的睡眠。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“They compared the creative performance of people who didn’t sleep well and those who sleep well. The first group did worse on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. They kept making the same mistakes and were unable to come up with new ideas.”可知，对比睡眠好与差的人的创造力表现，发现睡眠好的人创造力更强。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“They need nine to ten hours of sleep each day—more than adults”可知，成人所需睡眠少于青少年。故选A。 主题04 人与自我--运动与健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·山东聊城市·期末） Fast walking is good exercise. A study shows that fast walking become the most popular exercise in China and many people walk more than 5000 steps (步) a day. The results of the study are from QQ users. 49% of the people choose fast walking as their favorite exercise, over 23% choose running and more than 14 % choose riding bikes. Fast walking and running are easy, cost little and work well, so they are popular. And many people like to do exercise outside. They don’t want to go to gyms (健身房). It’s best to walk fast for at least 10 minutes at one time and walk up to 6000 steps every day. The study also shows that people in Guiyang, Guizhou love sports most. Everyone there walks 5941 steps everyday. People in places with better environment (环境) and air like to do sports more. 1．Many people in China walk more than 5000 steps a week. A．Right B．Wrong 2．About half of QQ users choose fast walking as their favorite exercise. A．Right B．Wrong 3．Many people like to do exercise at home. A．Right B．Wrong 4．The writer thinks it’s bad for people to walk fast for more than 10 minutes at one time. A．Right B．Wrong 5．This passage is about health and sports. A．Right B．Wrong 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了快走作为中国流行的运动，包括研究结果（如快走是最受欢迎的运动、不同运动选择比例）、快走和跑步的优点、人们喜欢在户外运动以及环境好的地区人们更爱运动等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“A study shows that fast walking become the most popular exercise in China and many people walk more than 5000 steps (步) a day.”可知，是一天走5000步，不是一周。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The results of the study are from QQ users. 49% of the people choose fast walking as their favorite exercise, over 23% choose running and more than 14 % choose riding bikes.”可知，大约一半的QQ用户选择快走作为他们最喜欢的运动。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“And many people like to do exercise outside.”可知，很多人喜欢去户外锻炼。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“It’s best to walk fast for at least 10 minutes at one time and walk up to 6000 steps every day.”可知，最好一次快走至少10分钟，每天走6000步。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Fast walking is good exercise.”和“The study also shows that people in Guiyang, Guizhou love sports most.”以及全文可知，本文主要是关于健康和运动。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·山东威海乳山市·期末） Today, there are countless exciting ways to have fun. A lot of modern entertainment depends heavily on modern technology. Can you imagine how people in ancient times had fun? In fact, many ancient forms of entertainment still stay today. Let’s check out two traditional Chinese games with fascinating histories. Jianzi kicking is a fascinating traditional entertainment. Dating back to the Han Dynasty, the first jianzi was made from chicken feathers and copper coins. It became popular during the Tang and Song dynasties and reached its peak (顶峰) in the late Qing Dynasty, when it seemed like everyone knew how to play. Modern jianzi are far more exciting, with colorful feathers and even flashing lights. In the 1940s, workers in Guangzhou began by kicking jianzi over a rope. Later, it became a competitive game. They played it on a court like badminton and scored points like volleyball. Now, jianzi-kicking tournaments (锦标赛) attract players from all over the world. Rope-skipping is another time-honored game with an 1800-year-long history. It remains popular across China. Modern rope-skipping has started a fresh chapter, with people mixing elements (元素) from street dance. This makes the game not only a form of exercise but also a creative performance. In a society that often rushes towards new technologies, these traditional games offer a chance to slow down, have fun, and connect with our cultural roots. They remind us of the rich heritage (遗产) we carry and the simple pleasures that can be found in the most traditional entertainments. 1．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．The method of making a jianzi. B．The development of jianzi kicking. C．The rules of jianzi-kicking. 2．What does has started a fresh chapter mean in paragraph 4? A．Has got a new look. B．Has got a new rule. C．Has got a new name. 3．Which of the following is the correct match of the game with its facts? ①Jianzi kicking                    ②Rope-skipping a．Has an 1800-year-long history. b．Combines movements from dance in modern times. c．Was made of chicken feathers and copper coins originally. d．Developed into a competitive sport with special scoring rules. A．①—c, d  ②—a, b B．①—c, b  ②—a, d C．①—a, c  ②—b, d 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．High-tech Entertainment Today. B．The Beauty of Traditional Chinese Culture. C．The Magic of Traditional Chinese Games. 5．Where is the passage from? A．A sports science report. B．A Chinese history textbook. C．A cultural magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了两种中国传统游戏。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，主要描述踢毽子的历史发展，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Modern rope-skipping has started a fresh chapter, with people mixing elements (元素) from street dance. This makes the game not only a form of exercise but also a creative performance.”可知，跳绳融合街舞元素后，从单纯的运动转变为创意表演，因此短语 “has started a fresh chapter”（开启新篇章）指跳绳有了创新变化，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Dating back to the Han Dynasty, the first jianzi was made from chicken feathers and copper coins.”；“Later, it became a competitive game. They played it on a court like badminton and scored points like volleyball.”可知，踢毽子对应c和d；根据“Rope-skipping is another time-honored game with an 1800-year-long history.”和“with people mixing elements (元素) from street dance”可知，跳绳对应a和b，故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据全文内容和“In fact, many ancient forms of entertainment still stay today. Let’s check out two traditional Chinese games with fascinating histories.”可知，全文围绕两种中国传统游戏的历史、文化价值及现代创新展开，强调其娱乐性和文化传承。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“Let’s check out two traditional Chinese games with fascinating histories.”可知，文章以生动语言介绍传统游戏的趣味性与文化意义，与文化有关，故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $