内容正文:
Unit 6 Trees单元语法讲与练
单元语法精讲
数词(Numerals)
一、语法精讲
(一)基本概念
数词表示数量、顺序、时间、年龄、编号、分数、百分数等,本单元常用来描述树木数量、高度、面积、年龄等数据。
(二)基数词(表数量)
基本形式:one, two, three… twenty, thirty… hundred, thousand, million
大数表达:
1. 250:two hundred and fifty
2. 5,320:five thousand three hundred and twenty
3. 6.7 million:six point seven million
2. 小数:6.7 → six point seven;116.07 → one hundred and sixteen point zero seven
3. 百分数:17% → seventeen per cent(percent 永远不加 s)
(三)序数词(表顺序)
变化口诀:
3. 一、二、三特殊记:first, second, third
3. 八去 t,九去 e:eighth, ninth
3. ve 用 f 替:five→fifth, twelve→twelfth
3. 变 y 为 ie 再加 th:twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth
3. 几十几只变个位:thirty-one→thirty-first
(1)基数词变序数词口诀: 基变序,有规律,一二三特殊记(first, second, third); 八去t,九去e,ve要用f替(eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth); ty变成tie,若是几十几,只变个位就可以(twentieth, twenty-first)。
(2)常见不规则变化表:
基数词
序数词
缩写
备注
one
first
1st
特殊
two
second
2nd
特殊
three
third
3rd
特殊
five
fifth
5th
ve变f加th
eight
eighth
8th
去t加h
nine
ninth
9th
去e加th
twelve
twelfth
12th
ve变f加th
twenty
twentieth
20th
y变ie加th
twenty-one
twenty-first
21st
只变个位
(四)数词的特殊用法
(1)确数与概数
· 确数:当 hundred, thousand, million, billion 前有具体数字时,不加s,也不加of。
· 例: two hundred students(两百名学生)
· 概数:当表示不确定的“成百上千”时,需加s并接of。
· 例: hundreds of students(数百名学生);thousands of people(成千上万的人)
(2)分数、小数与百分数
· 分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1,分母加s。
· 例: 1/3 → one third;2/5 → two fifths
· 小数:小数点读作 point,小数点后各位按基数词逐个读出。
· 例: 3.14 → three point one four
· 百分数:由“基数词 + percent”构成,percent不加s。
· 例: 50% → fifty percent
(3)时刻、日期、年份
· 时刻:
· 顺读法:小时 + 分钟(7:15 → seven fifteen)
· 逆读法:
· ≤30分钟:分钟 + past + 小时(7:15 → a quarter past seven)
· 30分钟:(60-分钟) + to + (小时+1)(7:45 → a quarter to eight)
· 日期:月 + 日(序数词),年放在最后或最前。
· 例: on May 1st, 2024 / on the 1st of May, 2024
· 年份:通常分成两部分读。
· 例: 1998 → nineteen ninety-eight;2005 → two thousand and five
3. “数词+名词”作定语
结构:数词-单数名词(中间有连字符),修饰后面的名词。
· 例: an 8-year-old boy(一个8岁的男孩);a 5-day trip(一次5天的旅行)
· 注意: 此时名词必须用单数,且不能加所有格。
(五)hundred/thousand/million 考点(重中之重)
· 前有数字,不加 s,不加 of:two hundred trees
· 前无数字,加 s,加 of:hundreds of trees
(六)其他高频用法
1. 年龄:in one’s twenties(在某人二十多岁时);at the age of 18
2. 编号:Room 502;the seventh page
3. 年代:in the 1990s(在 20 世纪 90 年代)
4. 复合形容词:a fifteen-year-old boy(连字符连接,名词单数)
5. 百分数主谓一致:看后面名词
· 20% of the students are…
· 20% of the water is…
(七)核心易错点
1. ❌ two hundreds ✅ two hundred
2. ❌ hundred trees ✅ hundreds of trees
3. ❌ three fifth ✅ three fifths
4. ❌ ten percents ✅ ten per cent
【单元核心语法小结】
项目
核心规则
典型例句
基数词
表数量;大数不加 s
five thousand trees
序数词
表顺序;特殊变形
the fifth floor
分数
分子基,分母序;>1 加 s
two thirds
概数
s + of
hundreds of
百分数
percent 无 s;主谓看名词
30% of water is clean
考点一 基数词
0-12
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
13-19
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
20-90 整数
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
20-99 非整数
twenty-one forty-two
三位数
121 one hundred and twenty-one 206 two hundred and six
多位数
1,987,654,321 one billion nine hundred and eighty-seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one
不确切数
hundreds of thousands of millions of
不确切岁数/年代
in her forties in the 1990s
考点二 序数词
1 、2 、3 不规则变化
first second third
1st 2nd 3rd
4-19 基数词词尾加 th
fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth
ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth
4th
11th
20th
21st 22nd 23rd
24th
121st 124th
20-90 整数
ty 变为 tie 再加 th
twentieth thirtieth fortieth
两位数或多位数(整数 除外)只变个位数
twenty-first one hundred and thirty-fourth
考点三 分数 、小数 、百分数
分数
基数词作分子,序数词做分母,
分子大于 1 ,序数词要用复数
1/3 one third 3/4 three fourths
1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter
小数
小数点左边数字合起来读;
右边数字分开读;小数点读作 point
0.4 zero point four 或 point four
25.67 twenty-five point six seven
百分数
基数词+percent
3% three percent
语法巩固训练
Part 1 【基础训练】
一、单项选择(共10小题)
1.There are ________ students in our school, and about ________ of them are girls.
A.two thousands; three fifth B.two thousand; three fifths
C.two thousands; three fifths D.two thousand; three fifth
2.—How old is your sister? —She is ________. Today is her ________ birthday.
A.twelve; twelve B.twelfth; twelfth
C.twelve; twelfth D.twelfth; twelve
3.We have learned about ________ English words so far.
A.two thousands B.two thousand of C.thousands of D.thousand of
4.My grandfather lives in a ________ building. He lives on the ________ floor.
A.twenty-story; twentieth B.twenty-stories; twenty
C.twenty-story; twenty D.twenty-stories; twentieth
5.________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; are
C.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are
6.December is ________ month of the year, and tomorrow is Peter’s ________ birthday.
A.twelfth; twentieth B.twelfth; the twentieth
C.the twelfth; twentieth D.the twelfth; the twentieth
7.There are ________ seasons in a year. Winter is ________ season.
A.fourth; four B.fourth; the fourth C.four; the fourth D.four; the four
8.J. K. Rowling finished her ________ novel when she was ________.
A.six; forties B.sixth; forty C.sixth; fortieth D.six; forty
9.How should we read the number 4,039,500?
A.four millions thirty-nine thousands five hundreds
B.four million thirty-nine thousand and five hundred
C.four million thirty-nine thousand five hundred
D.four millions and thirty-nine thousands and five hundreds
10.How to read the number 708,550?
A.Seven hundred and eight thousand, and five hundred fifty.
B.Seven hundred and eight thousand, five hundred and fifty.
C.Seven and eight thousand, five hundred and fifty.
D.Seven hundred eight thousand, and five hundred fifty.
二、完成句子(10 题)
1.这所学校有八百多名学生。(汉译英)
There are ________ ________ students in this school.
2.三分之二的苹果都坏了。(汉译英)
________ ________ the apples ________ bad.
3.那个男孩是一个11岁的孩子。(汉译英)
That boy is an ________ ________ ________.
4.这里有成千上万的游客。(汉译英)
There are ________ ________ tourists here.
5.第五课很难。(汉译英)
________ ________ is very difficult.
6. 我们学校有两千名学生。
There are ______ ______ students in our school.
7. 三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。
______ ______ of the land is covered with forests.
8. 亚马逊雨林占地约 670 万平方公里。
The Amazon Rainforest covers ______ ______ ______ ______ square kilometres.
9. 我爸爸三十多岁时开始种树。
My father began to plant trees ______ ______ ______.
10. 这条河有 116.07 米长。
The river is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ metres long.
Part 2 【提升训练】
1. 森林里有成百上千棵树。
___________________________________________________________.
2. 我们班四分之三的学生喜欢植物。
___________________________________________________________.
3. 这座古木已有 4800 年历史。
___________________________________________________________.
4. 地球上约 31% 的陆地被森林覆盖。
___________________________________________________________.
5. 我哥哥在二十多岁时成为了一名园丁。
___________________________________________________________.
6. 这是我第九次来这个公园。
___________________________________________________________.
7. 每年有数千人来参观这片森林。
___________________________________________________________.
8. 这棵树高 116.07 米。
___________________________________________________________.
9. 我住在四楼。
___________________________________________________________.
10. 一个 15 岁的男孩种了很多小树。
___________________________________________________________.
Part 2 【提升训练】
1.我有两个哥哥和一个姐姐。(运用基数词) ___________________________________________________________.
2.每年有成千上万的人参观这座博物馆。(运用概数) ___________________________________________________________.
3.这个房间有十米长,五米宽。(数词+单位) ___________________________________________________________.
4.九月十日是中国教师节。(日期表达) ___________________________________________________________.
5.我们班有百分之六十的学生喜欢篮球。(百分数) ___________________________________________________________.
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Unit 6 Trees单元语法讲与练
单元语法精讲
数词(Numerals)
一、语法精讲
(一)基本概念
数词表示数量、顺序、时间、年龄、编号、分数、百分数等,本单元常用来描述树木数量、高度、面积、年龄等数据。
(二)基数词(表数量)
基本形式:one, two, three… twenty, thirty… hundred, thousand, million
大数表达:
1. 250:two hundred and fifty
2. 5,320:five thousand three hundred and twenty
3. 6.7 million:six point seven million
2. 小数:6.7 → six point seven;116.07 → one hundred and sixteen point zero seven
3. 百分数:17% → seventeen per cent(percent 永远不加 s)
(三)序数词(表顺序)
变化口诀:
3. 一、二、三特殊记:first, second, third
3. 八去 t,九去 e:eighth, ninth
3. ve 用 f 替:five→fifth, twelve→twelfth
3. 变 y 为 ie 再加 th:twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth
3. 几十几只变个位:thirty-one→thirty-first
(1)基数词变序数词口诀: 基变序,有规律,一二三特殊记(first, second, third); 八去t,九去e,ve要用f替(eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth); ty变成tie,若是几十几,只变个位就可以(twentieth, twenty-first)。
(2)常见不规则变化表:
基数词
序数词
缩写
备注
one
first
1st
特殊
two
second
2nd
特殊
three
third
3rd
特殊
five
fifth
5th
ve变f加th
eight
eighth
8th
去t加h
nine
ninth
9th
去e加th
twelve
twelfth
12th
ve变f加th
twenty
twentieth
20th
y变ie加th
twenty-one
twenty-first
21st
只变个位
(四)数词的特殊用法
(1)确数与概数
· 确数:当 hundred, thousand, million, billion 前有具体数字时,不加s,也不加of。
· 例: two hundred students(两百名学生)
· 概数:当表示不确定的“成百上千”时,需加s并接of。
· 例: hundreds of students(数百名学生);thousands of people(成千上万的人)
(2)分数、小数与百分数
· 分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1,分母加s。
· 例: 1/3 → one third;2/5 → two fifths
· 小数:小数点读作 point,小数点后各位按基数词逐个读出。
· 例: 3.14 → three point one four
· 百分数:由“基数词 + percent”构成,percent不加s。
· 例: 50% → fifty percent
(3)时刻、日期、年份
· 时刻:
· 顺读法:小时 + 分钟(7:15 → seven fifteen)
· 逆读法:
· ≤30分钟:分钟 + past + 小时(7:15 → a quarter past seven)
· 30分钟:(60-分钟) + to + (小时+1)(7:45 → a quarter to eight)
· 日期:月 + 日(序数词),年放在最后或最前。
· 例: on May 1st, 2024 / on the 1st of May, 2024
· 年份:通常分成两部分读。
· 例: 1998 → nineteen ninety-eight;2005 → two thousand and five
3. “数词+名词”作定语
结构:数词-单数名词(中间有连字符),修饰后面的名词。
· 例: an 8-year-old boy(一个8岁的男孩);a 5-day trip(一次5天的旅行)
· 注意: 此时名词必须用单数,且不能加所有格。
(五)hundred/thousand/million 考点(重中之重)
· 前有数字,不加 s,不加 of:two hundred trees
· 前无数字,加 s,加 of:hundreds of trees
(六)其他高频用法
1. 年龄:in one’s twenties(在某人二十多岁时);at the age of 18
2. 编号:Room 502;the seventh page
3. 年代:in the 1990s(在 20 世纪 90 年代)
4. 复合形容词:a fifteen-year-old boy(连字符连接,名词单数)
5. 百分数主谓一致:看后面名词
· 20% of the students are…
· 20% of the water is…
(七)核心易错点
1. ❌ two hundreds ✅ two hundred
2. ❌ hundred trees ✅ hundreds of trees
3. ❌ three fifth ✅ three fifths
4. ❌ ten percents ✅ ten per cent
【单元核心语法小结】
项目
核心规则
典型例句
基数词
表数量;大数不加 s
five thousand trees
序数词
表顺序;特殊变形
the fifth floor
分数
分子基,分母序;>1 加 s
two thirds
概数
s + of
hundreds of
百分数
percent 无 s;主谓看名词
30% of water is clean
考点一 基数词
0-12
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
13-19
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
20-90 整数
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
20-99 非整数
twenty-one forty-two
三位数
121 one hundred and twenty-one 206 two hundred and six
多位数
1,987,654,321 one billion nine hundred and eighty-seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one
不确切数
hundreds of thousands of millions of
不确切岁数/年代
in her forties in the 1990s
考点二 序数词
1 、2 、3 不规则变化
first second third
1st 2nd 3rd
4-19 基数词词尾加 th
fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth
ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth
4th
11th
20th
21st 22nd 23rd
24th
121st 124th
20-90 整数
ty 变为 tie 再加 th
twentieth thirtieth fortieth
两位数或多位数(整数 除外)只变个位数
twenty-first one hundred and thirty-fourth
考点三 分数 、小数 、百分数
分数
基数词作分子,序数词做分母,
分子大于 1 ,序数词要用复数
1/3 one third 3/4 three fourths
1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter
小数
小数点左边数字合起来读;
右边数字分开读;小数点读作 point
0.4 zero point four 或 point four
25.67 twenty-five point six seven
百分数
基数词+percent
3% three percent
语法巩固训练
Part 1 【基础训练】
一、单项选择(共10小题)
1.There are ________ students in our school, and about ________ of them are girls.
A.two thousands; three fifth B.two thousand; three fifths
C.two thousands; three fifths D.two thousand; three fifth
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们学校有两千名学生,其中大约五分之三是女生。 考查数词用法。第一空:具体数字two后接thousand,不加s,排除A、C;第二空:分数表达,分子three大于1,分母fifth需加s,即three fifths。故选B。
2.—How old is your sister? —She is ________. Today is her ________ birthday.
A.twelve; twelve B.twelfth; twelfth
C.twelve; twelfth D.twelfth; twelve
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你妹妹多大了?——她12岁。今天是她的12岁生日。 考查基数词与序数词。第一空回答年龄,用基数词twelve;第二空表示“第几个生日”,用序数词twelfth。故选C。
3.We have learned about ________ English words so far.
A.two thousands B.two thousand of C.thousands of D.thousand of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:到目前为止,我们已经学了数千个英语单词。 考查概数表达。表示“成千上万”用thousands of,前面不加具体数字。A项错误(有具体数字不加s);B项错误(具体数字后直接接名词,不加of,除非是two thousand of the students特指其中两千);D项错误。故选C。
4.My grandfather lives in a ________ building. He lives on the ________ floor.
A.twenty-story; twentieth B.twenty-stories; twenty
C.twenty-story; twenty D.twenty-stories; twentieth
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我祖父住在一栋二十层的大楼里。他住在第二十层。 考查复合形容词和序数词。第一空:“数词-单数名词”作定语,用twenty-story;第二空:表示楼层顺序,用序数词twentieth。故选A。
5.________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; are
C.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are
【答案】C
【详解】句意:那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖。 考查分数及主谓一致。分数表达:分子Two用基数词,分母five用序数词fifth,分子大于1分母加s,即Two fifths,排除A、B;land是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数is。故选C。
6.December is ________ month of the year, and tomorrow is Peter’s ________ birthday.
A.twelfth; twentieth B.twelfth; the twentieth
C.the twelfth; twentieth D.the twelfth; the twentieth
【答案】C
【详解】句意:十二月是一年中的第十二个月,明天是彼得的二十岁生日。
考查序数词的用法。twelfth第十二;twentieth第二十。第一空表示一年中的第十二个月份,应填序数词,序数词前要加the。第二空表示第二十岁生日,空格前有名词所有格,不用加the,故选C。
7.There are ________ seasons in a year. Winter is ________ season.
A.fourth; four B.fourth; the fourth C.four; the fourth D.four; the four
【答案】C
【详解】句意:一年有四个季节。冬天是第四个季节。
考查基数词和序数词。four四;fourth第四。第一空是描述一年中有四个季节,应用基数词four;第二空是说冬天是一年中第四个季节,应用序数词fourth,故选C。
8.J. K. Rowling finished her ________ novel when she was ________.
A.six; forties B.sixth; forty C.sixth; fortieth D.six; forty
【答案】B
【详解】句意:J. K.罗琳在40岁时完成了她的第六部小说。
考查数词的用法。此处作定语修饰novel,用序数词,排除AD;第二处表示年龄,用基数词。故选B。
9.How should we read the number 4,039,500?
A.four millions thirty-nine thousands five hundreds
B.four million thirty-nine thousand and five hundred
C.four million thirty-nine thousand five hundred
D.four millions and thirty-nine thousands and five hundreds
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们应该怎么读4,039,500这个数字?
考查数词。million,thousand和hundred前有具体数词时,不加s;百位和十位之间加and,其它不用加and,结合选项可知,C项符合。故选C。
10.How to read the number 708,550?
A.Seven hundred and eight thousand, and five hundred fifty.
B.Seven hundred and eight thousand, five hundred and fifty.
C.Seven and eight thousand, five hundred and fifty.
D.Seven hundred eight thousand, and five hundred fifty.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:怎么读708,550这个数字?
考查基数词的表达。在英语中大于1000的数字的表达为:从右至左,每三位用“,”隔开,第一个“,”读作thousand,第二个“,”读作million,第三个“,”读作billion,且thousand/million/billion与具体数字连用时,其后不加s;三位数的读法是:百位与十位用and连接,十位与个位用“-”连接,所以708,550读作Seven hundred and eight thousand, five hundred and fifty。故选B。
二、完成句子(10 题)
1.这所学校有八百多名学生。(汉译英)
There are ________ ________ students in this school.
【答案】over eight hundred / more than eight hundred
【详解】“八百”是确数,hundred不加s;“多”可用over或more than。
2.三分之二的苹果都坏了。(汉译英)
________ ________ the apples ________ bad.
【答案】Two thirds; are
【详解】分数:三分之二 two thirds;主语apples是复数,谓语用are。
3.那个男孩是一个11岁的孩子。(汉译英)
That boy is an ________ ________ ________.
【答案】11-year-old child / eleven-year-old child
【详解】复合形容词作定语,结构为“数词-单数名词-形容词”,注意year用单数。
4.这里有成千上万的游客。(汉译英)
There are ________ ________ tourists here.
【答案】thousands of
【详解】概数“成千上万”用thousands of。
5.第五课很难。(汉译英) ________ ________ is very difficult.
【答案】Lesson Five / The fifth lesson
【详解】表示“第五课”可用专有名词形式Lesson Five(首字母大写,无冠词)或序数词形式The fifth lesson。
6. 我们学校有两千名学生。 There are ______ ______ students in our school.
答案:two thousand
7. 三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。 ______ ______ of the land is covered with forests.
答案:Two thirds
8. 亚马逊雨林占地约 670 万平方公里。 The Amazon Rainforest covers ______ ______ ______ ______ square kilometres.
答案:six point seven million
9. 我爸爸三十多岁时开始种树。 My father began to plant trees ______ ______ ______.
答案:in his thirties
10. 这条河有 116.07 米长。 The river is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ metres long.
答案:one hundred and sixteen point zero seven
Part 2 【提升训练】
1. 森林里有成百上千棵树。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:There are hundreds of trees in the forest.
2. 我们班四分之三的学生喜欢植物。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:Three fourths of the students in our class like plants.
3. 这座古木已有 4800 年历史。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:The old tree is 4,800 years old.
4. 地球上约 31% 的陆地被森林覆盖。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:About 31 per cent of the Earth’s land is covered with forests.
5. 我哥哥在二十多岁时成为了一名园丁。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:My brother became a gardener in his twenties.
6. 这是我第九次来这个公园。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:This is my ninth time to come to the park.
7. 每年有数千人来参观这片森林。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:Thousands of people come to visit the forest every year.
8. 这棵树高 116.07 米。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:The tree is one hundred and sixteen point zero seven metres tall.
9. 我住在四楼。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:I live on the fourth floor.
10. 一个 15 岁的男孩种了很多小树。
___________________________________________________________.
答案:A fifteen-year-old boy planted many young trees.
Part 2 【提升训练】
1.我有两个哥哥和一个姐姐。(运用基数词) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】I have two elder brothers and one elder sister.
【详解】考查基数词表示数量。
2.每年有成千上万的人参观这座博物馆。(运用概数) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】Thousands of people visit this museum every year.
【详解】考查thousands of表示概数,谓语动词用复数。
3.这个房间有十米长,五米宽。(数词+单位) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】The room is ten meters long and five meters wide.
【详解】考查“数词+单位+形容词”结构表示尺寸。
4.九月十日是中国教师节。(日期表达) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】September 10th is Teachers' Day in China.
【详解】考查日期的英文表达,月份+日期序数词。
5.我们班有百分之六十的学生喜欢篮球。(百分数) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】Sixty percent of the students in our class like basketball.
【详解】考查百分数表达,percent of + 复数名词,谓语动词用复数like。
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