专题03 阅读理解说明文（期末真题汇编，福建专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦人与自然、社会、自我三大主题，精选福建多地高一下期末真题，涵盖环保、AI、文化遗产等话题，考查学生信息获取与逻辑分析能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|12篇文章，48题|环保（美国环保运动）、科技（AI写作工具影响）、文化（庞贝古城壁画）、健康（步行速度与糖尿病风险）等|情境具时代性（如微塑料治理机器人、无人机铁路巡检）；问题设梯度（细节题如“undermines”词义猜测，推理题如“死亡区”问题推断）；汇编福建福州、泉州等地期末真题，贴合高中英语学业水平要求。|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建福州马尾一中等六校·期末) Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA． But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 2020 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Forty–five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson. 1．According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about _______. A．the social movement. B．recycling techniques. C．environmental problems. D．the importance of Earth Day. 2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A．The grass–roots level. B．The business circle. C．Government officials. D．University professors. 3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B．They have settled their environmental problems. C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A．Education. B．Planning. C．Green living. D．CO reduction. 5．What is the best title for the passage?​ A．Business and Environment​. B．The Green Movement in America​. C．Earth Day USA​. D．Education in Environmental Protection​. 主题02 人与社会——人工智能与教育 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建泉州·期末) In today’s education, strong writing skills are important for academic and career success. Tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly streamline writing by fixing grammar or coming up with ideas. However, overusing AI raises a heated discussion: Does depending too much on AI tools harm students’ ability to think independently and write creatively? A recent study by researchers Eva and Afief observed fifty students over several weeks. They found that 80% used Grammarly for grammar correction, and all depended on ChatGPT for inspiration. Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. One admitted, “QuillBot changes my sentences, but it makes my ideas feel less unique — like the tool is doing the thinking for me.” This shows AI tools may value efficiency more than creativity. AI tools operate based on fixed algorithms (算法), which encourage pattern-following rather than creative problem-solving. Eva noted, “Good writing often involves breaking rules or exploring unique ideas — something AI cannot do.” Overusing AI prevents students from practicing basic skills like idea generation (生成), organization, and self-editing. As a result, their writing may be short of depth, originality, or logical (逻辑的) flow-qualities important for academic and professional success. Another limitation is AI’s struggle with deeper writing error, such as weak logic. For example, 60% of students used Story AI for story ideas but complained the plots were “too simple” and short of detail. Moreover, since AI doesn’t teach analysis, students risk copying content without understanding it. As researcher Afief warned, “Students might copy AI-generated content without fully understanding it, which undermines both honesty and learning.” To handle this, teachers should ensure that students master basic writing skills, including grammar, logic, and critical thinking, before turning to AI. They should guide students to use AI as an assistant, not a replacement. For instance, students could use ChatGPT for ideas but develop them through personal analysis. While AI offers benefits, overuse may risk damaging students’ critical thinking and creativity. The goal is to use AI wisely: as a tool to support, not to replace, original writing. 1．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The study result. B．Grammar correction. C．The power of AI. D．Writing speed. 2．How does AI impact students? A．It helps improve basic skills. B．It affects their academic choices. C．It limits their originality. D．It aids in problem-solving. 3．What does the underlined word “undermines” mean in paragraph 4? A．Develops. B．Weakens. C．Values. D．Discovers. 4．What are educators advised to do? A．Apply AI in teaching writing skills. B．Ignore the impact of AI on creativity. C．Use AI to develop personal analysis. D．Offer students guidance before using AI. 主题03 人与自我——健康生活方式  Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建莆田·期末) The popularity of achieving 10,000 steps a day indicates that many of us have welcomed the message: walking is beneficial for overall health. This low-impact activity, requiring no special equipment beyond a sturdy pair of sneakers, improves heart health, lung capacity and weight management while helping prevent several age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes. In 2023, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a data analysis of ten different studies that investigated the impact of walking speed on the risk of type 2 diabetes. This study, which pooled statistics from over 500,000 people in the US, Japan, and the UK, revealed that both “fairly brisk walking” and “striding walking” were associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of the time spent walking. As time did not emerge as a significant factor, the researchers suggest that encouraging people to walk at faster speeds could improve the health benefits of walking, beyond simply increasing total walking time or hitting a specific step count. Relationships between walking speed and the reduction of type 2 diabetes risk: Average pace 3 - 5 km/h 15 percent reduction in risk Fairly brisk pace 5 - 6.5 km/h 24 percent reduction in risk Just below jogging pace 6.5 km/h 39 percent reduction in risk ·The time spent walking was not a decisive factor; instead, each increase in speed of one kilometre per hour correlated with a nine percent reduction in risk. ·Speeds exceeding 4 km/h were associated with a lower risk of the disease. 1．What can we learn about walking from the passage? A．It is demanding. B．It is well received. C．It can cure heart diseases. D．It requires no equipment. 2．At what walking speed can one achieve a 24 percent reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes? A．3-5 km/h. B．5-6.5 km/h. C．6.5 km/h D．Above 6.5 km/h. 3．Which aspect of walking can most benefit health? A．Equipment. B．Time. C．Speed. D．Step count. 主题04 人与社会——科技与生活 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州闽清县第二中学·期末) “I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named Snoopy.” My 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Snoopy’s real name? ” I asked. “I have no idea,” he said. “Where is he from?” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Snoopy just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.” “Your friend is replaced by a robot?” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children. Aristotle, the great Greek thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds (纽带) are weak and uncertain. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices (牺牲) for each other. Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for” . Perhaps the most typical feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I’m sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they’d just order soup online. Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships. 1．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By introducing a game. B．By quoting mottos. C．By showing robots gamers. D．By presenting a conversation. 2．What can we know about the author? A．He was troubled by his son’s addiction to online games. B．He was concerned about his son’s attitude towards friends. C．He tried to stop his son from playing with a robot. D．He could not get along well with his son. 3．What does the underlined word “abandoned” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Kept B．Reflected. C．Strengthened D．Quit 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The formation of deep friendship. B．Digitalized friendship. C．The significance of online friends. D．The disadvantages of digital life. 主题05 人与社会——历史、文化与考古发现 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州联盟学校·期末) Gladiator (角斗士) stick figures drawn by young children more than 2000 years ago have been unearthed in the Ancient Roman city of Pompeii. Archaeologists discovered the figures drawn by children as young as six while digging the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient city near Naples, which described gladiators fighting in battle. Archaeologists also found the outlines of three small hands, two figures playing with a ball, a hunting scene possibly featuring a wild pig, and two fighters, one of whom is lying flat on the ground. “The drawings were found on the wall of a house known as the ‘Colonnaded Cenacle’ and were probably done by children aged six or seven,” said site director Dr Gabriel Zuchtriegel. Scientists in Naples believed the sketches were drawings of things the children had seen, rather than imagined. “In Pompeii, even young children were exposed to extreme violence between humans and between humans and animals in the sands of the ancient city,” Dr Zuchtriegel said. Gladiator fights were a popular form of entertainment in Ancient Rome. Gladiators were fighters who battled one another or animals in a public outdoor stadium called amphitheatre. Many gladiators were slaves (奴隶) who had been purchased by wealthy businessmen and made to light. The people of Pompon and other Roman cities regularly filled the amphitheatre to watch the bloody bottles much in the same way modern folk gather together to stadiums to watch football games. Other discoveries this week included a unique painting of a child with a small dog at his feet, found in the so-called “House of the Painters at Work”. At the entrance of that house, the skeletons (骨骼) of a man and a woman were discovered, an elderly couple that had probably tried to take shelter during the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD-a disaster that destoryed the entire city completely. 1．What do the figures mainly describe? A．Family events. B．Gladiator battles. C．Daily life activities. D．Imaginary creatures. 2．What did the children likely base their drawings on? A．School lessons. B．Their imagination. C．Stories told by adults. D．Things they observed. 3．What can be inferred about the skeletons found at the house entrance? A．They died in a battle. B．They were in poor health. C．They were seeking safety. D．They were visitors to the city. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Daily Life of Ancient Pompeii B．Recent Archaeological Finds in Pompeii C．The Role of Gladiators in Roman Society D．Natural Disasters in Ancient Civilizations 主题06 人与自我——个人成长与生活态度 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建漳州·期末) According to the great German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, you have the potential (潜能) for greatness inside of you, but like most people, you will probably let it be destroyed by your own laziness. And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort, it’s also important not to spend it working too hard. You might argue that progress can be achieved through slavishness (苦干). But does it make any sense to achieve progress if it’s not enjoyable and if it doesn’t lead us to our potential? If we focus on progress simply for the progress itself, we may fail to live the meaningful life we are truly seeking. The solution to this problem, then, lies in the middle between laziness and slavishness. I call that middle joyful productivity (生产力). It’s about spending your energy in a way that allows you to make meaningful progress each day and avoid the disasters of laziness. As Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations, “…by reducing every man’s business to one simple operation, and by making this operation the only employment of his life, necessarily increases the skillfulness of the workman.” In his opinion, when you concentrate all of your attention on one area of expertise (专长), you can become a master in it. And when you become a master in that area, you can create things of value, thus promoting your productivity. And how do you pick a single area of expertise? It should be something that you are really interested in, because only then will you be able and willing to spend the huge amount of time and effort it takes to become a master in any field. The end of both laziness and slavishness begins with the discovery of your passions (热爱). Examine the things that caught your interest ever since you were a child before the world told you what you had to care about. The way forward lies within the examination of those early interests. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Slavishness isn’t a good way to make progress. B．Comfort doesn’t contribute to a meaningful life. C．You can enjoy your life only by making progress. D．Slavishness helps develop one’s greatest potential. 2．In The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith stresses the significance of _______. A．increasing workmen B．focusing on one specific field C．mastering working skills D．creating valuable things 3．What is the function of the question in paragraph 5? A．To show the author’s confusion. B．To excite readers’ comment. C．To express an opposite opinion. D．To introduce the next topic. 4．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Care about the world. B．Treasure their childhood. C．Find their true passion. D．Prevent laziness. 主题07 人与社会——跨文化交际与文化差异 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建漳州·期末) If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal. Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble. But travel search site We go has now constructed an easy-to-follow infographic (信息图) showing where and when to tip when travelling abroad. According to the infographic, no tipping should ever happen in Argentina, Japan Oman, Yemen and France. In Austria, Brazil, Netherlands, Russia, Chile, South Africa an Turkey, tipping is expected after eating in a restaurant, unless service charge in included. Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience. “In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income, but in Romania, tips are often declined even if the servers may be also in need of the extra earnings,” explains Joachim Holte, Chief Marketing Officer for We go. However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff. If you haven’t done your homework before you go, remember you can always ask what the custom is from hotel staff. Most people will appreciate you taking the time to find out, and it’s a good way to avoid some very unpleasant situations. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．We must turn to the infographic when tipping. B．The search site easily constructed an infographic. C．The amount of tipping varies from country to country. D．We should be careful with tipping in different countries. 2．What may have an effect on tipping in Denmark? A．National laws. B．Dinner costs. C．Servers’ performances. D．Customers’ incomes. 3．What does the underlined word “declined” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Expected. B．Refused. C．Doubled. D．Spent. 4．What probably causes the change in tipping traditions? A．Influences from foreign cultures. B．Demands of the service industry. C．The introduction of the infographic. D．The desire to avoid awkward situations. 主题08 人与自然——自然科学科普与宇宙探索 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建福州晋安区·期末) Have you ever witnessed the astonishing beauty of auroras (极光)? They are a gift from the heavens resulting from the interaction between the atmosphere and cosmic radiation. However, as the saying goes: One man’s meat is another man’s poison. In South Korea, a flight attendant, 53, died from cancer due to prolonged exposure to intense cosmic radiation, determined a South Korean labor court. According to South Korean authorities, the flight attendant logged an average of 1,022 annual flying hours throughout his career, with half of his flights spent crossing the regions in and around the North Pole, where cosmic radiation reaches extraordinarily high levels. Cosmic radiation, which comes from the sun and other stars in the galaxy, is constantly hitting Earth. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, cosmic radiation can be divided into two types: solar radiation and galactic cosmic radiation. Solar radiation comprises charged particles emitted by the sun, known as the solar wind, while galactic cosmic radiation comes from the remnants (残余部分) of supernovas (超新星) — powerful explosions created during the last life stages of massive stars. Despite the continuous and powerful nature of cosmic radiation, we are generally shielded from their worst effects. Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere provide protection from this radiation, with the magnetic field being strongest in tropical areas and weakest at the poles. Consequently, individuals living in higher latitudes, like Heilongjiang province, experience slightly more cosmic radiation than those in lower latitudes, such as Hainan province. Moreover, at higher altitudes, such as when passengers are flying on an airplane, the thinner atmosphere results in more intense exposure to cosmic radiation. For astronauts and flight attendants on polar routes, lacking the shielding offered by Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere exposes them to potential health risks. According to NASA, astronauts who spend six months in space encounter a radiation exposure roughly equivalent to undergoing 1,000 chest X-rays. However, what makes cosmic radiation dangerous also holds therapeutic (治疗的) potential. The high speed and energy of cosmic radiation have provided insights into treating tumors (肿瘤). Scientists can now artificially produce charged particles similar to cosmic radiation. Compared to conventional radiotherapy (放疗), charged particles can target tumors more effectively with less harm to the surrounding healthy tissues, according to the journal Frontiers in Oncology. 1．What does the article tell us about cosmic radiation? A．It primarily comes from the remnants of supernovas. B．It generates harmful substances in the atmosphere. C．It’s linked to an increased risk of cancer. D．It consists entirely of charged particles. 2．Who would be exposed to the least cosmic radiation? A．Individuals living at higher altitudes. B．People traveling across the equator. C．Those living near the equator. D．Workers stationed at the poles. 3．What does the underlined word “shielded” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Exposed to dangers. B．Protected from potential harm. C．Separated from the environment. D．Influenced by external factors. 4. Which of the following statements about cosmic radiation is TRUE according to the passage? A．Cosmic radiation consists only of protons and electrons. B．Cosmic radiation poses no risks to humans or other living organisms. C．Astronauts are not required to wear protective suits to minimize their exposure to cosmic radiation. D．Certain types of cosmic radiation particles can be used to precisely destroy cancer cells. 5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．Cosmic radiation is only a danger and should be avoided at all costs. B．Scientists are only exploring the harmful effects of cosmic radiation. C．The medical applications of cosmic radiation are still in their early stages of development. D．Cosmic radiation particles are used as a primary treatment for all types of cancer. 主题09 人与社会——文化习俗与节日庆典 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州第一中学·期末) If you are a fruit grower - or would like to become one - take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. 1．What can people do at the apple events? A．Attend experts’ lectures. B．Visit fruit-loving families. C．Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D．Taste many kinds of apples. 2．What can we learn about Decio? A．It is a new variety. B．It has a strange look. C．It is rarely seen now. D．It has a special taste. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope. C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show how to grow apples. B．To introduce an apple festival. C．To help people select apples. D．To promote apple research. 主题10 人与社会——现代科技与社会生活 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州第四中学·期末) Thanks to YouTube, Streaming first caught on in 2005. Today nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime. In the early days of streaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month and subscribes to three streaming platforms, while the average cable ser pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12. 5 percent to $8.99 a month. A quarter of its subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did. A major reason: streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Oscar Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on a new streaming service, Amazon Prime Video. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99 — on top of the service’s monthly fee of $6.99. Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of a TV series on end.” Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours. 1．What do the underlined words “Goliath” and “David” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．TV viewers. B．TV programs. C．Streaming services. D．Streaming subscribers. 2．Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions? A．They cannot go without it. B．They think it is good value for money. C．Netflix has controlled the market. D．They think the low cost is a thing of the past. 3．What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney? A．The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award. B．The movie Mulan will generate great profits. C．The movie Mulan can be released on Amazon Prime Video. D．The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar. 4．What do binge-watchers tend to do? A．They watch TV series continuously. B．They start a new life. C．They break world records. D．They watch TV series aimlessly 主题01 人与自然——现代科技与前沿创新 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建福州马尾一中·期末联考） Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance (维护) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 1．What is the main purpose of using drones in railway inspection? A．To reduce the cost of railway construction. B．To improve railway safety and efficiency. C．To replace railway maintenance staff entirely. D．To provide passengers with better services. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sending staff to inspect and repair railways at night. B．The high cost of maintaining railway infrastructure. C．The use of drones in examining high-tension lines. D．Improving the on-time performance of trains. 3．What can be inferred about the future rail drones? A．They will fly overhead to detect railway faults. B．They will work autonomously ahead of the train. C．They will replace the train drivers gradually. D．They will signal problems after the train passes. 4．What does the author think of applying drones to railways? A．It is costly but effective. B．It has a promising future. C．It requires more technologies. D．It is too dangerous to implement. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Drones: The Future of Railway Safety B．European Railways: A Case Study C．Railway Infrastructure: Maintenance and Costs D．High-Tech Co-pilots: Revolutionizing Trains 主题02 人与自然——动物保护与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建漳州·期末） Beavers are famous for building dams out of trees and branches that they cut with their powerful front teeth. The animals also use grass, stones and mud to make these structures stronger. But why do they do so? Simply put, beavers build dams to stay safe, which is particularly challenging because of their clumsy (笨拙的) body shape and movements. “Beavers are 18 to 36 kilograms of meat with really short legs,” says fisheries biologist Chris Jordan. This makes them easy targets for predators (捕食者). “When beavers are on land, they’re so clumsy, like big chickens walking around that any predator would love to have for a meal,” says another scientist Emily Fairfax. “But when they’re in the water, they’re almost invincible. They’re excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for 10 to 15 minutes. By building a dam, they create a pond(池塘), and that pond is their safety zone.” These ponds are deep enough for beavers to hide from predators such as mountain lions, bears and wolves. Dams can also flood areas to bring them closer to their main food sources, which include bark and leaves from trees and other plants. Although dams protect beavers, they do not live inside them. Instead, they often live in oven-shaped lodges made of sticks, grass and other materials, in families of five on average. Interestingly, beaver dams benefit not only their creators, but many other species as well. “Beaver dams help slow down water and keep it on the landscape longer,” says Fairfax. “This turns simple streams into thriving wetlands. The amount of food and water available there makes them ideal habitats for many different species. That’s one reason why beavers are a keystone species.” Therefore, restoring beavers to their original habitats can help reduce the effects of climate change and benefit their ecosystems. There, their dams slow down the flow of water, and some of it is stored in the ground. This means that plant roots have access to water even during droughts, which helps to keep vegetation lush (植被繁茂). As such, the dams can bear heat. It is inspiring to see how well beavers are able to survive in a changing climate and do some of the climate change adaptation work that humans have been trying to do. 1．Why do beavers build dams according to the text? A．To get away from heat. B．To practice swimming. C．To make their teeth powerful. D．To escape from being attacked. 2．What does the underlined word “invincible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unconquerable. B．Independent. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. 3．What’s the benefit of beavers’ dams? A．Increasing the population of beavers. B．Improving the climate in the region. C．Giving more living places to beavers. D．Supporting the survival of various species. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to beavers’ work? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Uninterested. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·福建泉州·期末） Stanford researchers have discovered an exciting new way to treat wastewater that could help solve two big problems at once — water shortages and waste of valuable resources. Instead of just cleaning dirty water and throwing away the removed pollutants, their system turns wastewater into both drinkable water and useful materials. With experts predicting that the world will need 40% more clean water than it has by 2030, this technology is timely. The researchers have been particularly focused on dealing with “forever chemicals” — pollutants that add up in water supplies and are very difficult to remove. The researchers have developed new resins (树脂) with upgraded selectivity. Unlike traditional water treatment resins, these can specifically target and trap harmful chemicals while recovering valuable materials. This turns the treatment process from a cost into a potential money-maker. One of the biggest advantages of this system is that it can be easily integrated into current water treatment plants. The improved resins can potentially be added to existing facilities without requiring big changes. This makes the process more practical and affordable for cities and towns. The researchers see this as more than just a better water filter (过滤). They picture wastewater treatment plants becoming resource recovery centers that produce clean water while also supplying valuable materials to farmers and industries. As one scientist put it, this approach turns wastewater from being just a problem to solve into an opportunity - helping the environment while potentially creating new business possibilities. This invention could be especially important for areas facing water shortages, offering a way to get more clean water while making the treatment process more cost-effective and economically sustainable (可持续的). By recovering useful resources instead of just getting rid of them, the system represents a smarter way to handle our water needs in the future. 1．What is the main advantage of the new technology? A．It reduces the cost of building new factories. B．It cleans water and recovers useful materials. C．It helps scientists study “forever chemicals”. D．It transports treated water into cities and towns. 2．Which aspect of the technology is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．Its working process. B．Its historical background. C．Its potential applications. D．Its targeted problems. 3．Why is the technology practical for current plants? A．It removes all chemicals in one step. B．It is cheaper than traditional methods. C．It increases water usage by 40%. D．It fits the existing systems easily. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the new technology? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Uninterested. D．Worried. 主题03 人与自然——绿色科技与可持续发展 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建厦门·期末） Picture a robot. What do you see? A stony, steel machine built to be stronger than living beings? Unfortunately, this quality now threatens to flood the planet in e-waste. What if, our machines were designed to break down and disappear — like life does? For a study in Science Advances, researchers designed a robotic arm and a controller from pork gelatin and plant cellulose — materials strong enough to function yet easy enough to degrade (降解). After testing, both structures broke down in soil within weeks. Biodegradable robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which draws inspiration from nature’s creations. Pingdong Wei, a materials scientist at Westlake University, teamed up with his friend Zhuang Zhang, a robotics engineer now at Fudan University, to construct robots for the study. Wei had been drawn to robotics, Zhang recalls, and raised the idea of creating a robot himself. “That’s when I thought, ‘Why not use the materials he works with to build one?’” They first made cellulose layers from cotton pulp, then added glycerol for flexibility and dried the layers for strength. To build sensors, the researchers used a conductive gelatin drawn out from pork, in which the flow of ions (离子) changes when the material is bent or pressed. They then folded the flat films and sensors into 3D structures. Wei and Zhang found that the controller and robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried them both in a 20-centimeter-deep hole near their campus. Within eight weeks the machines were almost gone. Wei and Zhang look forward to bots like these handling waste and then breaking down; they also expect robots that aid medical operations and then safely break down inside the body. But it’s important to note that the technology is in early stages. “If we want to have an environmentally friendly robot that goes outside in nature,” the researchers say, “we need to think of power supplies or batteries that are biodegradable.” 1．What is the author’s concern in paragraph 1? A．Soil quality decreases. B．Machines end up as e-waste. C．Disasters strike the planet. D．Robots threaten people’s lives. 2．How does the author develop paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By describing a process. C．By making a comparison. D．By showing cause and effect. 3．What may researchers consider about future robots? A．Providing training to robots. B．Ensuring safe robot behavior. C．Developing degradable batteries. D．Improving robots’ operation system. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Made of Metal B．Added for Flexibility C．Death by Design D．Power with a Price 主题04 人与自然——动物行为与生物本能 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建莆田·期末） In the spring, a small brown moth (飞蛾) called the bogong moth starts an extraordinary journey. Native to Australia, it flies over 1,000 kilometers each night from flat grasslands to cool mountain caves in the southeast-a feat comparable to a human running a marathon daily for weeks. What’s truly astonishing is how these tiny-brained insects, with brains one-tenth the size of a grain of rice, navigate (导航) such vast distances in complete darkness. Scientists long suspected bogong moths used Earth’s magnetic field or mountain shapes as guides. But recent research published in Nature revealed a surprising secret: they navigate by the stars. This ability, previously observed only in birds and humans, was confirmed through creative experiments. Researchers placed moths in a flight model that blocked Earth’s magnetism and projected artificial star patterns. When the artificial sky matched real star groups, moths flew correctly. When stars were turned 180 degrees, they flew in the opposite direction. Without consistent starlight, they became completely lost. How do moths “read” the stars? The study found specialized neurons in their brains that respond specifically to starlight positions, particularly the bright core of the Milky Way. These neurons likely form a basic “sky map,” allowing moths to adjust their path over weeks as stars gradually shift. Unlike dung beetles-which briefly use the Milky Way as a landmark-bogong moths continuously track movements of the stars. This discovery reshapes our understanding of the insects: for bogong moths, starlight is more than beauty; it is a survival tool woven into their biology. As light pollution increasingly clouds the night sky, protecting these natural navigators becomes urgent — not just for them, but for all species relying on the stars’ ancient light. 1．What does the underlined word “feat” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Daily routine. B．Natural behaviour. C．Physical exercise. D．Remarkable achievement. 2．In the experiment, what happened when the artificial stars were turned 180 degrees? A．Moths turned around. B．Moths flew faster. C．Moths stopped moving. D．Moths ignored the stars. 3．Which ability differs bogong moths from dung beetles in navigation? A．To travel longer distances. B．To adjust their sky map. C．To keep following moving stars. D．To use the Milky Way as a landmark. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Night sky should be protected from light pollution. B．Starlight serves as a beautiful destination for moths. C．All species depend on the starlight to navigate. D．Insects make social interactions with starlight. 主题05 人与社会——文化交流与传播 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建福州八县市协作校·期末） Phan Thi Kim Chi’s connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) began at an early age. Growing up in a small village in Vietnam, it was inconvenient for Phan to travel to hospitals in neighboring cities. Whenever she caught a cold or experienced a headache as a child, her family would seek the help of a local TCM practitioner. This led her to major in TCM at a traditional medical school in China. According to Phan, even though TCM has long been commonly practiced and accepted in Vietnam, finding a good school to learn TCM in Vietnam is not easy. As a foreign student, Phan finds the TCM basic theory course to be the most challenging one in the courses. Being widespread and far-reaching, TCM is deeply connected with Chinese philosophy. It requires years of learning and practice to truly understand the concepts of yin and yang, harmony between human and nature, and the five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Sometimes she even translates the TCM vocabulary and scripts into Vietnamese so she can remember and understand them better. Overseas students of TCM, like Phan, are not rare. According to a report, the total number of international students studying TCM in China was 8,187 last year, with the largest population of 6,441 coming from Asian countries, followed by 832 from Africa and 432 from Europe. Also, many Chinese medical universities had projects that sent professors overseas to teach TCM. The fast-developing situation of TCM is not limited to schools and clinics. It has also become a lifestyle choice for many young people. 1．Which of the following best explains “practitioner” underlined in Paragraph 1? A．visitor B．officer C．student D．doctor 2．How did Phan Thi Kim Chi find the TCM basic theory course? A．Confusing. B．Inspiring. C．Tough. D．Common. 3．Why are there many numbers mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To attract more students. B．To prove the popularity of TCM. C．To show the difficulties of promoting TCM. D．To explain causes of students choosing TCM. 4．What does the last paragraph imply about the current development of TCM? A．It faces rejection from younger generations. B．It values commercial success over cultural value. C．It is mainly promoted through academic research. D．It has expanded beyond medical fields into daily life. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Global Rise of TCM B．The Development of TCM C．The Hidden Power of TCM D．Promising Future of TCM 主题06 人与社会——科技创新与文物保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建三明·期末） A special project is underway to fix and repair the ancient murals (壁画) of the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves in Xinjiang, China. The project aims to use advanced technologies like AI, to address the long-standing challenges of preserving these invaluable cultural relics. The Kizil caves, dating back to the late 3rd century, are among China’s earliest and largest Buddhist cave complexes. The murals show the life of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, and are a vivid record of the ancient Silk Road and cultural diversity. However, many murals have been damaged or lost due to varieties of natural factors and human activities. In order to address these problems, the project applies a mix of advanced technologies. A team from Zhejiang University is going to apply terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (光谱技术) to discover and identify the color layers of the smoke-damaged murals in Cave 161 in a non-invasive way, which will allow for virtual repair. Meanwhile, a digital team will use AI models and thought-chain strategies to repair the damaged murals in Cave 38. The project is expected to complete in late May. Zhao Li, a research fellow who has spent over 30 years on mural preservation, stressed the challenges of identifying and digitally repairing smoke-covered murals and accurately recognizing and completing missing sections using AI. He also noted that while Al models good at recognizing geometric patterns and architectural design, they still require further training to accurately identify curved lines and human figures in the murals. However, the newly developed DeepSeek model, with its improved capabilities, offers hope for more exact and efficient reconstruction. This reconstruction project is just one example of how technology, especially AI, is changing archaeology. Around the world, archaeologists are using AI to unlock the secrets of the past. In China, students are now taking courses like “AI Archaeology”, where they learn to use AI to identify mold on paper relics or determine the age of bronze relics. The future is bright. 1．What’s the purpose of the project? A．To build new cultural heritage sites. B．To promote tourism in Xinjiang. C．To protect the ancient murals. D．To train more AI experts. 2．What can be inferred about the project from paragraph 3? A．It will address all problems. B．It has already achieved its goals. C．It is expected to last for several years. D．It applies different high-end technologies. 3．How does Zhao Li feel about using DeepSeek model in the project? A．Concerned. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 4．Why does the author mention students in China in the last paragraph? A．To give an example. B．To explain a rule. C．To make a suggestion. D．To present an argument. 主题07 人与自然——环境保护与污染治理 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建宁德·期末） Microplastics, tiny pieces of plastic less than 5 mm in length, are one of the 21st century’s biggest environmental problems. In 2021, Japanese scientists from Kyushu University estimated (估计) 24.4 trillion microplastics in the world’s upper oceans-about 30 billion half-liter water bottles, but the actual amount may be much greater. They are easily eaten by ocean creatures and transmitted through the food chain, presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health. A team of researchers at Sichuan University have suggested a new solution: designing a tiny fish-shaped robot that is programmed to remove microplastics from the environment. Soft to touch and just 1.3 cm in size, the robot can move about 2.67 body lengths per second. Currently, the robot only functions on water surfaces, where it would be able to remove floating microplastics. The team aims to enable it to collect microplastics in deeper water and provide information to analyze ocean pollution in real time. Scientists can control the robot using the light to stop it crashing into other fish or ships. If it is accidentally eaten by other fish, it can be digested (消化) without harm as it is made from a newly developed material. And the robot can recover most of its former ability and continue functioning even if it experiences some damage, which could happen often if it goes hunting for pollutants in rocky environments. At this stage, the robo-fish is just a proof of concept (概念验证), and much more research is needed, especially into how this technology could be used in the real world. For example, the team will soon be working on more advanced robo-fish that can go deeper under the water. Still, the bionic (仿生学的) design could inspire other similar projects, like robots which could be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials. 1．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To prove where microplastics come from. B．To explain how microplastics are transmitted. C．To introduce a scientific study on microplastics. D．To show the need to fight microplastic pollution. 2．What is one feature of the robot? A．It has some self-recover ability. B．It shines at deep-water operation. C．It is independent of human control. D．It analyzes ocean pollution in real time. 3．What will the researchers do next? A．Conduct more research on microplastics. B．Launch some similar projects on microplastics. C．Make further improvements to the current model. D．Develop bionic robots to analyze human health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．How can mountains of microplastics be reduced? B．The world’s oceans polluted with microplastics C．Tiny robo-fish developed to collect microplastics D．Why are robo-fish the key to ending oceanic pollution? 主题08 人与自然——极限运动与生存挑战 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建宁德·期末） Mount Qomolangma is located in the Himalaya Mountain range. At 8,848.86 meters, it is considered the tallest point on Earth. That’s seriously high. Think about it like this. In 2010 Dubai broke the record for the world’s tallest building with the Burj Khalifa Tower at a height of 828 meters. Qomolangma is more than ten times its height. The Himalayan mountains have long been home to the Sherpa people. The word “Sherpa” is often used to mean the mountain guide. The Sherpa, who are used to low oxygen levels, have valuable experience in mountain climbing, which they can provide for other climbers. Most climbs to Qomolangma would be impossible without the Sherpa’s help and knowledge Traditionally, Sherpa’s lifestyle is made up of farming, herding, and trade. However, with the coming of climbers, their way of life is more than that. Climbing Mount Qomolangma has become a popular exploration for mountain climbers However, it is a perilous task. The snow and ice on the mountain create deadly dangers. But perhaps the biggest danger is the altitude (海拔高度). Most climbers are not used to the high altitude and low oxygen levels and depend on bottled oxygen they bring along. This is why the area above 8,000 meters on Qomolangma is called the “death zone”. Climbers who spend long periods in this region can develop altitude sickness and even damage to the brain. Mount Qomolangma’s climbing industry has become controversial (有争议的). As the popularity of the climb has increased, there have been more “traffic jams” as climbers spend too much time in the death zone waiting for their chance to climb to the top. More pollution has come up near the top with more people, as climbers often throw unwanted items away all along the mountain. Additionally, climbers have taken advantage of the Sherpa. Sherpa guides are faced with some of the highest death rates of any field of employment for rather little pay. 1．How does the author explain the height of Mount Qomolangma? A．By analyzing some facts. B．By making a comparison. C．By providing some examples. D．By introducing a new idea. 2．What is the meaning of the underlined “perilous” in Paragraph 3? A．Traditional. B．Attractive. C．Simple. D．Dangerous. 3．What’s the problem the “death zone” facing? A．Overcrowding. B．Being enlarged. C．More industrial pollution. D．The Sherpa’s over exploration. 4．What can be inferred about the Sherpa? A．They earn a lot by helping climbers. B．Their job as mountain guides is risky. C．They easily develop altitude sickness. D．They changed their lifestyle completely. 主题09 人与自然——科学探究与发现 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建龙岩·期末） New studies show that some birds, such as African grey parrots, can help each other to solve problems. In the past, people believed only humans and some smart animals could do this. To test the parrots’ abilities, scientists created a special experiment. The results surprised everyone — the parrots successfully cooperated to complete the task. In the study, two parrots were placed in side-by-side cages (笼子) with a small hole between them. On one side, a parrot could see a piece of food hidden inside a clear box but could not reach it. The other parrot had a long stick but could not see the food. To succeed, the birds needed to pass the stick through the window so the first parrot could use it to pull the food out. At first, the parrots acted independently, but after several attempts, they learned to team up. One bird would push the stick through the hole, while the other used it as a tool. This showed that they understood each other’s role, and changed their actions accordingly. What makes this behavior even more impressive is that most animals, including many intelligent species, usually act alone when searching for food. For example, while wolves hunt in groups, their actions are driven by instinct (本能) rather than a shared plan. In contrast, the parrots in this study showed clear teamwork, suggesting a higher level of social intelligence. Scientists believe this discovery could change how we understand animal brains. It challenges the idea that only mammals (哺乳动物), like chimpanzees or dolphins, are capable of advanced teamwork. The research also raises new questions: How did birds develop this skill? Do other bird species, like crows or ravens, show similar abilities? Future studies might explore whether environmental factors play a role in these cognitive (认知的) abilities. This finding could even have practical uses. For instance, training birds to cooperate might help in wildlife conservation or improve methods for studying animal behavior. By learning more about how birds think, scientists might develop better ways to protect endangered species or solve ecological (生态的) problems. 1． What is striking about the parrots according to the study? A．They can use tools. B．They practise team spirit. C．They learn words quickly. D．They act like most animals. 2．What’s the significance of the finding? A．It further confirms a traditional belief. B．It improves human’s knowledge of animals. C．It offers specific methods for future studies. D．It proves mammals’ social intelligence. 3．What is a possible application of the finding? A．Strengthening birds’ social abilities. B．Teaching other birds to understand each other. C．Bettering ways to study brain functions. D．Exploring ecological protection strategies. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a phenomenon. B．To argue about a theory. C．To introduce an experiment. D．To compare animals’ intelligence. 2 / 36 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建福州马尾一中等六校·期末) Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA． But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 2020 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Forty–five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson. 1．According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about _______. A．the social movement. B．recycling techniques. C．environmental problems. D．the importance of Earth Day. 2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A．The grass–roots level. B．The business circle. C．Government officials. D．University professors. 3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B．They have settled their environmental problems. C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A．Education. B．Planning. C．Green living. D．CO reduction. 5．What is the best title for the passage?​ A．Business and Environment​. B．The Green Movement in America​. C．Earth Day USA​. D．Education in Environmental Protection​. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自第一个地球日以来，美国人对环境问题越来越关注，“绿色思维”已成为实践的一部分，环保取得了很大进步。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since the first Earth Day in 1970, American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.(自1970年首个“地球日”以来，美国人在环保方面已变得更为“绿色”。美国“地球日”组织主席布鲁斯·安德森表示：“当时我们甚至不知道有环境这一概念，更不用说环境会出问题了。”)”可知，在1970年之前，美国人对环境问题知之甚少。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.(商人、政治领袖、大学教授，尤其是数以百万计的美国草根阶层都在参与这场运动。)”可知，对环境保护的支持主要来自草根阶层。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 2020 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.(环保方面已取得了巨大进步。1988年，全美仅有600个回收项 目；而到了2020年，这一数字已增至约6600个。先进的照明技术、电机和建筑设计帮助节省了大量能源，从而减少了污染。)”可知，美国人通过有效措施减少了污染。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Forty–five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.(45年前，几乎没有环境教育项目。如今，很难找到一所没有这种课程的公立学校、大学或法学院。)”可知，教育对环境保护尤为重要。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Since the first Earth Day in 1970, American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.(自1970年首个“地球日”以来，美国人在环保方面已变得更为“绿色”。)”以及第二段中“But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.(但一场在公共事务中无足轻重的运动，已经发展成为一场社会运动。)”可知，文章主要说明了自第一个地球日以来，美国人对环境问题越来越关注，“绿色思维”已成为实践的一部分，环保取得了很大进步。可知，B选项“The Green Movement in America(美国的绿色运动)”最符合文章标题。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——人工智能与教育 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建泉州·期末) In today’s education, strong writing skills are important for academic and career success. Tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly streamline writing by fixing grammar or coming up with ideas. However, overusing AI raises a heated discussion: Does depending too much on AI tools harm students’ ability to think independently and write creatively? A recent study by researchers Eva and Afief observed fifty students over several weeks. They found that 80% used Grammarly for grammar correction, and all depended on ChatGPT for inspiration. Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. One admitted, “QuillBot changes my sentences, but it makes my ideas feel less unique — like the tool is doing the thinking for me.” This shows AI tools may value efficiency more than creativity. AI tools operate based on fixed algorithms (算法), which encourage pattern-following rather than creative problem-solving. Eva noted, “Good writing often involves breaking rules or exploring unique ideas — something AI cannot do.” Overusing AI prevents students from practicing basic skills like idea generation (生成), organization, and self-editing. As a result, their writing may be short of depth, originality, or logical (逻辑的) flow-qualities important for academic and professional success. Another limitation is AI’s struggle with deeper writing error, such as weak logic. For example, 60% of students used Story AI for story ideas but complained the plots were “too simple” and short of detail. Moreover, since AI doesn’t teach analysis, students risk copying content without understanding it. As researcher Afief warned, “Students might copy AI-generated content without fully understanding it, which undermines both honesty and learning.” To handle this, teachers should ensure that students master basic writing skills, including grammar, logic, and critical thinking, before turning to AI. They should guide students to use AI as an assistant, not a replacement. For instance, students could use ChatGPT for ideas but develop them through personal analysis. While AI offers benefits, overuse may risk damaging students’ critical thinking and creativity. The goal is to use AI wisely: as a tool to support, not to replace, original writing. 1．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The study result. B．Grammar correction. C．The power of AI. D．Writing speed. 2．How does AI impact students? A．It helps improve basic skills. B．It affects their academic choices. C．It limits their originality. D．It aids in problem-solving. 3．What does the underlined word “undermines” mean in paragraph 4? A．Develops. B．Weakens. C．Values. D．Discovers. 4．What are educators advised to do? A．Apply AI in teaching writing skills. B．Ignore the impact of AI on creativity. C．Use AI to develop personal analysis. D．Offer students guidance before using AI. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍过度依赖AI会降低学生的独创性和批判性思维，建议教育者在学 生使用AI前给与指导，确保学生明智地使用AI。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“A recent study by researchers Eva and Afief observed fifty students over several weeks. They found that 80% used Grammarly for grammar correction, and all depended on ChatGPT for inspiration. Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. (研究人员Eva和Afief在最近的一项研究中对50名学生进行了几周的观察。他们发现80%的学生使用Grammarly进行语法纠正，所有人都依赖ChatGPT来获得灵感。虽然这些工具帮助他们写得更快，但许多学生觉得他们的写作变得不那么原创了)”可知，This指代上文提到的研究结果，即研究结果表明人工智能工具可能更看重效率而不是创造力。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. One admitted, “QuillBot changes my sentences, but it makes my ideas feel less unique — like the tool is doing the thinking for me.”(虽然这些工具帮助他们写得更快，但许多学生觉得他们的写作变得不那么原创了。一个学生承认，“QuillBot改变了我的句子，但它让我的想法感觉不那么独特了——就像这个工具在替我思考一样。”)”可知，AI限制了学生的独创性。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As researcher Afief warned, “Students might copy AI-generated content without fully understanding it, which undermines both honesty and learning.”(正如研究员Afief警告的那样，“学生可能会在没有完全理解的情况下复制人工智能生成的内容，这undermines了诚信和学习。”)”可知，“学生可能会在没有完全理解的情况下复制人工智能生成的内容”的这种行为会产生负面的结果，由此推测它会削弱诚信和学习。故划线词意为“削弱”，与weaken“削弱”同义。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To handle this, teachers should ensure that students master basic writing skills, including grammar, logic, and critical thinking, before turning to AI.(为了解决这个问题，教师应该确保学生在使用人工智能之前掌握基本的写作技能，包括语法、逻辑和批判性思维)”可知，建议老师在学生使用AI前确保给予学生指导，确保他们掌握基本技能，并引导其合理使用 AI。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——健康生活方式  Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建莆田·期末) The popularity of achieving 10,000 steps a day indicates that many of us have welcomed the message: walking is beneficial for overall health. This low-impact activity, requiring no special equipment beyond a sturdy pair of sneakers, improves heart health, lung capacity and weight management while helping prevent several age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes. In 2023, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a data analysis of ten different studies that investigated the impact of walking speed on the risk of type 2 diabetes. This study, which pooled statistics from over 500,000 people in the US, Japan, and the UK, revealed that both “fairly brisk walking” and “striding walking” were associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of the time spent walking. As time did not emerge as a significant factor, the researchers suggest that encouraging people to walk at faster speeds could improve the health benefits of walking, beyond simply increasing total walking time or hitting a specific step count. Relationships between walking speed and the reduction of type 2 diabetes risk: Average pace 3 - 5 km/h 15 percent reduction in risk Fairly brisk pace 5 - 6.5 km/h 24 percent reduction in risk Just below jogging pace 6.5 km/h 39 percent reduction in risk ·The time spent walking was not a decisive factor; instead, each increase in speed of one kilometre per hour correlated with a nine percent reduction in risk. ·Speeds exceeding 4 km/h were associated with a lower risk of the disease. 1．What can we learn about walking from the passage? A．It is demanding. B．It is well received. C．It can cure heart diseases. D．It requires no equipment. 2．At what walking speed can one achieve a 24 percent reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes? A．3-5 km/h. B．5-6.5 km/h. C．6.5 km/h D．Above 6.5 km/h. 3．Which aspect of walking can most benefit health? A．Equipment. B．Time. C．Speed. D．Step count. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了步行对健康的益处，尤其是不同步行速度与降低2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，指出步行速度比步行时间和步数更能影响健康收益。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The popularity of achieving 10,000 steps a day indicates that many of us have welcomed the message: walking is beneficial for overall health(每天走10,000步的流行表明，我们很多人都接受了这样一个信息：步行对整体健康有益)”可知，步行受到了人们的广泛欢迎。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文中表格“Fairly brisk pace 5 - 6.5 km/h 24 percent reduction in risk(相当快的速度5 - 6.5公里/小时，风险降低24%)”可知，当步行速度为5 - 6.5 km/h 时，能降低24%患2型糖尿病的风险。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As time did not emerge as a significant factor, the researchers suggest that encouraging people to walk at faster speeds could improve the health benefits of walking, beyond simply increasing total walking time or hitting a specific step count(由于时间并非一个重要因素，研究人员建议，鼓励人们以更快的速度步行可以提高步行对健康的益处，而不仅仅是增加总步行时间或达到特定的步数)”可知，步行速度对健康的益处最大。故选C项。 主题04 人与社会——科技与生活 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州闽清县第二中学·期末) “I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named Snoopy.” My 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Snoopy’s real name? ” I asked. “I have no idea,” he said. “Where is he from?” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Snoopy just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.” “Your friend is replaced by a robot?” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children. Aristotle, the great Greek thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds (纽带) are weak and uncertain. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices (牺牲) for each other. Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for” . Perhaps the most typical feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I’m sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they’d just order soup online. Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships. 1．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By introducing a game. B．By quoting mottos. C．By showing robots gamers. D．By presenting a conversation. 2．What can we know about the author? A．He was troubled by his son’s addiction to online games. B．He was concerned about his son’s attitude towards friends. C．He tried to stop his son from playing with a robot. D．He could not get along well with his son. 3．What does the underlined word “abandoned” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Kept B．Reflected. C．Strengthened D．Quit 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The formation of deep friendship. B．Digitalized friendship. C．The significance of online friends. D．The disadvantages of digital life. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了数字化时代对传统友谊的影响及作者对数字化友谊的担忧。 1． 推理判断题。根据第一段““I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named Snoopy.” My 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Snoopy’s real name? ” I asked. “I have no idea,” he said. “Where is he from?” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Snoopy just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.” (“我几分钟后就到。我正在和一个朋友玩游戏，一个叫史努比的家伙。”我15岁的儿子在房间里喊道。“哦，史努比的真名是什么？”我问。“我不知道，”他说。“他来自哪里？”我接着问。他回答说：“我想是加拿大的某个地方。哦，等等，这其实不重要，因为史努比刚退出游戏了，现在有个机器人替代了他。”)”和第二段““Your friend is replaced by a robot?” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children. (“你的朋友被机器人替代了？”“没关系，爸爸。这种情况经常发生！游戏还在继续。”我儿子并不介意和真人还是机器人一起玩，这在当今的游戏玩家中很常见。我想知道，我成长过程中那种面对面的友谊体验，是否会在我们的孩子身上消失。)”可知，作者通过呈现一段对话来引出文章主题，即数字化时代对传统友谊的影响及作者对数字化友谊的担忧。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段““Your friend is replaced by a robot?” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children. (“你的朋友被机器人替代了？”“没关系，爸爸。这种情况经常发生！游戏还在继续。”我儿子并不介意和真人还是机器人一起玩，这在当今的游戏玩家中很常见。我想知道，我成长过程中那种面对面的友谊体验，是否会在我们的孩子身上消失。)”可知，作者担心儿子对朋友的态度。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Aristotle, the great Greek thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds (纽带) are weak and uncertain. (伟大的希腊思想家和教育家亚里士多德指出，浅薄的友谊很容易形成，但也很容易abandoned，因为这种纽带是脆弱和不确定的。)”可知，这种纽带是脆弱和不确定的，很容易被抛弃，abandoned意为“抛弃”，与Quit意思相近。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships. (数字生活充斥并占据了人们清醒的时间，以至于人们无法参与到友谊的典型案例中，比如运动、集体艺术、自由放养的童年等。这样一来，数字生活就产生了虚假的友谊。)”可知，本文主要讲述了数字化时代对传统友谊的影响及作者对数字化友谊的担忧。选项B“Digitalized friendship. (数字化友谊。)”符合题意。故选B。 主题05 人与社会——历史、文化与考古发现 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州联盟学校·期末) Gladiator (角斗士) stick figures drawn by young children more than 2000 years ago have been unearthed in the Ancient Roman city of Pompeii. Archaeologists discovered the figures drawn by children as young as six while digging the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient city near Naples, which described gladiators fighting in battle. Archaeologists also found the outlines of three small hands, two figures playing with a ball, a hunting scene possibly featuring a wild pig, and two fighters, one of whom is lying flat on the ground. “The drawings were found on the wall of a house known as the ‘Colonnaded Cenacle’ and were probably done by children aged six or seven,” said site director Dr Gabriel Zuchtriegel. Scientists in Naples believed the sketches were drawings of things the children had seen, rather than imagined. “In Pompeii, even young children were exposed to extreme violence between humans and between humans and animals in the sands of the ancient city,” Dr Zuchtriegel said. Gladiator fights were a popular form of entertainment in Ancient Rome. Gladiators were fighters who battled one another or animals in a public outdoor stadium called amphitheatre. Many gladiators were slaves (奴隶) who had been purchased by wealthy businessmen and made to light. The people of Pompon and other Roman cities regularly filled the amphitheatre to watch the bloody bottles much in the same way modern folk gather together to stadiums to watch football games. Other discoveries this week included a unique painting of a child with a small dog at his feet, found in the so-called “House of the Painters at Work”. At the entrance of that house, the skeletons (骨骼) of a man and a woman were discovered, an elderly couple that had probably tried to take shelter during the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD-a disaster that destoryed the entire city completely. 1．What do the figures mainly describe? A．Family events. B．Gladiator battles. C．Daily life activities. D．Imaginary creatures. 2．What did the children likely base their drawings on? A．School lessons. B．Their imagination. C．Stories told by adults. D．Things they observed. 3．What can be inferred about the skeletons found at the house entrance? A．They died in a battle. B．They were in poor health. C．They were seeking safety. D．They were visitors to the city. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Daily Life of Ancient Pompeii B．Recent Archaeological Finds in Pompeii C．The Role of Gladiators in Roman Society D．Natural Disasters in Ancient Civilizations 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在古罗马城市庞贝的遗址中发现了2000多年前由儿童绘制的角斗士图画，以及其他一些考古发现。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Archaeologists discovered the figures drawn by children as young as six while digging the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient city near Naples, which described gladiators fighting in battle.”（考古学家在挖掘庞贝遗址时发现了由六岁左右的儿童绘制的描述角斗士在战斗的图画。）可知，这些图画主要描述的是角斗士的战斗，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists in Naples believed the sketches were drawings of things the children had seen, rather than imagined.”（那不勒斯的科学家们认为，这些素描是儿童们所看到的事物，而不是他们想象的。）可推知，儿童们的画作很可能是基于他们观察到的事物，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“At the entrance of that house, the skeletons (骨骼) of a man and a woman were discovered, an elderly couple that had probably tried to take shelter during the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD-a disaster that destoryed the entire city completely.”（在那个房子的入口处，发现了一个男人和一个女人的骨骼，他们可能是在公元79年维苏威火山爆发时试图寻找避难所的一对老夫妇，这场灾难完全摧毁了整个城市。）可推知，这对骨骼可能是在寻找安全的地方，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Gladiator (角斗士) stick figures drawn by young children more than 2000 years ago have been unearthed in the Ancient Roman city of Pompeii.”（在古罗马城市庞贝出土了2000多年前由小孩子绘制的角斗士简笔画。）可知，短文主要介绍了在古罗马城市庞贝的遗址中发现了2000多年前由儿童绘制的角斗士图画，以及其他一些考古发现。所以短文的标题为“庞贝的最新考古发现”切题。故选B。 主题06 人与自我——个人成长与生活态度 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建漳州·期末) According to the great German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, you have the potential (潜能) for greatness inside of you, but like most people, you will probably let it be destroyed by your own laziness. And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort, it’s also important not to spend it working too hard. You might argue that progress can be achieved through slavishness (苦干). But does it make any sense to achieve progress if it’s not enjoyable and if it doesn’t lead us to our potential? If we focus on progress simply for the progress itself, we may fail to live the meaningful life we are truly seeking. The solution to this problem, then, lies in the middle between laziness and slavishness. I call that middle joyful productivity (生产力). It’s about spending your energy in a way that allows you to make meaningful progress each day and avoid the disasters of laziness. As Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations, “…by reducing every man’s business to one simple operation, and by making this operation the only employment of his life, necessarily increases the skillfulness of the workman.” In his opinion, when you concentrate all of your attention on one area of expertise (专长), you can become a master in it. And when you become a master in that area, you can create things of value, thus promoting your productivity. And how do you pick a single area of expertise? It should be something that you are really interested in, because only then will you be able and willing to spend the huge amount of time and effort it takes to become a master in any field. The end of both laziness and slavishness begins with the discovery of your passions (热爱). Examine the things that caught your interest ever since you were a child before the world told you what you had to care about. The way forward lies within the examination of those early interests. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Slavishness isn’t a good way to make progress. B．Comfort doesn’t contribute to a meaningful life. C．You can enjoy your life only by making progress. D．Slavishness helps develop one’s greatest potential. 2．In The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith stresses the significance of _______. A．increasing workmen B．focusing on one specific field C．mastering working skills D．creating valuable things 3．What is the function of the question in paragraph 5? A．To show the author’s confusion. B．To excite readers’ comment. C．To express an opposite opinion. D．To introduce the next topic. 4．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Care about the world. B．Treasure their childhood. C．Find their true passion. D．Prevent laziness. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了要在懒惰和过度苦干之间找到平衡，追求有意义的生产力和自我实现。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort, it’s also important not to spend it working too hard. You might argue that progress can be achieved through slavishness (苦干). But does it make any sense to achieve progress if it’s not enjoyable and if it doesn’t lead us to our potential? If we focus on progress simply for the progress itself, we may fail to live the meaningful life we are truly seeking.(就像我们不应该把所有的时间都花在舒适上一样，我们也不应该把所有的时间都花在工作上。你可能会争辩说，通过苦干可以取得进步。但是，如果进步并不令人愉快，也不能引导我们发挥自己的潜能，那么这种进步有意义吗？如果我们仅仅为了进步本身而追求进步，我们可能会失去我们真正想要的有意义的生活。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了苦干不是一种好的进步方式。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations, “…by reducing every man’s business to one simple operation, and by making this operation the only employment of his life, necessarily increases the skillfulness of the workman.”(正如亚当·斯密在《国富论》中所写的那样，“将每个人的工作减少到一个简单的操作，并使这个操作成为他一生的唯一职业，必然会提高工匠的熟练程度。”)”可知，他强调了在某一特定领域专注的重要性。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“And how do you pick a single area of expertise? It should be something that you are really interested in, because only then will you be able and willing to spend the huge amount of time and effort it takes to become a master in any field.(那你如何选择一个专业领域呢？它应该是你真正感兴趣的东西，因为只有这样，你才能并愿意投入大量的时间和精力，成为任何领域的佼佼者。)”可知，在第五段中，作者通过提问“你如何选择一个专业领域？”来引导读者思考，并为下一段引入新的主题做铺垫。因此，该问题的功能是引入下一个话题。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The end of both laziness and slavishness begins with the discovery of your passions (热爱). Examine the things that caught your interest ever since you were a child before the world told you what you had to care about. The way forward lies within the examination of those early interests.(懒惰和苦干的终结始于你激情的发现。审视一下自从你还是个孩子以来就引起你兴趣的事情，那时世界还没有告诉你该关心什么。前进的道路在于审视这些早期的兴趣。)”可知，作者建议人们要找到自己的真正激情。故选C。 主题07 人与社会——跨文化交际与文化差异 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建漳州·期末) If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal. Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble. But travel search site We go has now constructed an easy-to-follow infographic (信息图) showing where and when to tip when travelling abroad. According to the infographic, no tipping should ever happen in Argentina, Japan Oman, Yemen and France. In Austria, Brazil, Netherlands, Russia, Chile, South Africa an Turkey, tipping is expected after eating in a restaurant, unless service charge in included. Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience. “In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income, but in Romania, tips are often declined even if the servers may be also in need of the extra earnings,” explains Joachim Holte, Chief Marketing Officer for We go. However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff. If you haven’t done your homework before you go, remember you can always ask what the custom is from hotel staff. Most people will appreciate you taking the time to find out, and it’s a good way to avoid some very unpleasant situations. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．We must turn to the infographic when tipping. B．The search site easily constructed an infographic. C．The amount of tipping varies from country to country. D．We should be careful with tipping in different countries. 2．What may have an effect on tipping in Denmark? A．National laws. B．Dinner costs. C．Servers’ performances. D．Customers’ incomes. 3．What does the underlined word “declined” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Expected. B．Refused. C．Doubled. D．Spent. 4．What probably causes the change in tipping traditions? A．Influences from foreign cultures. B．Demands of the service industry. C．The introduction of the infographic. D．The desire to avoid awkward situations. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的小费文化和习俗，以及随着人们出国旅行的增多，小费传统在全球范围内发生的变化。 1． 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal.(如果你去美国和埃及旅行，却忘记给酒店员工小费，那么你可能会遇到一些尴尬的反应。同样地，如果你在法国或日本用餐后给服务员一点额外的小费，那么你可能会收到类似的反应。但如果你在阿根廷这样做，你可能会遇到警察的麻烦——因为在那里，这是非法的。)”和文章第二段“Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble.(在不同的国家，不知道在哪里给谁小费可能会引发社会问题。)”可知，我们可以从这两段中得出结论，我们应该在不同国家的小费问题上小心谨慎。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience.(在英国、挪威、西班牙、丹麦和德国等国家，是否给小费取决于顾客自己。在这些国家，是否给小费取决于服务或体验的质量。)”可知，在丹麦等国家，是否给小费取决于服务的质量或体验，即服务员的表现会影响小费的多少。因此，服务员的表现会对丹麦的小费产生影响。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income(在美国，服务行业的低收入者依靠小费来增加收入)”和“but”可知，罗马尼亚的服务员通常会拒绝小费，即使他们也需要额外的收入。由此可知，declined意为“拒绝”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff.( 然而，随着越来越多的人出国旅行，世界各地的小费传统似乎正在发生变化。澳大利亚和新西兰并没有小费的历史，但不知情的旅行者却对服务人员产生了一些过高的期望。)”可推知，外国文化的影响可能是导致小费传统变化的原因之一。故选A。 主题08 人与自然——自然科学科普与宇宙探索 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·福建福州晋安区·期末) Have you ever witnessed the astonishing beauty of auroras (极光)? They are a gift from the heavens resulting from the interaction between the atmosphere and cosmic radiation. However, as the saying goes: One man’s meat is another man’s poison. In South Korea, a flight attendant, 53, died from cancer due to prolonged exposure to intense cosmic radiation, determined a South Korean labor court. According to South Korean authorities, the flight attendant logged an average of 1,022 annual flying hours throughout his career, with half of his flights spent crossing the regions in and around the North Pole, where cosmic radiation reaches extraordinarily high levels. Cosmic radiation, which comes from the sun and other stars in the galaxy, is constantly hitting Earth. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, cosmic radiation can be divided into two types: solar radiation and galactic cosmic radiation. Solar radiation comprises charged particles emitted by the sun, known as the solar wind, while galactic cosmic radiation comes from the remnants (残余部分) of supernovas (超新星) — powerful explosions created during the last life stages of massive stars. Despite the continuous and powerful nature of cosmic radiation, we are generally shielded from their worst effects. Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere provide protection from this radiation, with the magnetic field being strongest in tropical areas and weakest at the poles. Consequently, individuals living in higher latitudes, like Heilongjiang province, experience slightly more cosmic radiation than those in lower latitudes, such as Hainan province. Moreover, at higher altitudes, such as when passengers are flying on an airplane, the thinner atmosphere results in more intense exposure to cosmic radiation. For astronauts and flight attendants on polar routes, lacking the shielding offered by Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere exposes them to potential health risks. According to NASA, astronauts who spend six months in space encounter a radiation exposure roughly equivalent to undergoing 1,000 chest X-rays. However, what makes cosmic radiation dangerous also holds therapeutic (治疗的) potential. The high speed and energy of cosmic radiation have provided insights into treating tumors (肿瘤). Scientists can now artificially produce charged particles similar to cosmic radiation. Compared to conventional radiotherapy (放疗), charged particles can target tumors more effectively with less harm to the surrounding healthy tissues, according to the journal Frontiers in Oncology. 1．What does the article tell us about cosmic radiation? A．It primarily comes from the remnants of supernovas. B．It generates harmful substances in the atmosphere. C．It’s linked to an increased risk of cancer. D．It consists entirely of charged particles. 2．Who would be exposed to the least cosmic radiation? A．Individuals living at higher altitudes. B．People traveling across the equator. C．Those living near the equator. D．Workers stationed at the poles. 3．What does the underlined word “shielded” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Exposed to dangers. B．Protected from potential harm. C．Separated from the environment. D．Influenced by external factors. 4. Which of the following statements about cosmic radiation is TRUE according to the passage? A．Cosmic radiation consists only of protons and electrons. B．Cosmic radiation poses no risks to humans or other living organisms. C．Astronauts are not required to wear protective suits to minimize their exposure to cosmic radiation. D．Certain types of cosmic radiation particles can be used to precisely destroy cancer cells. 5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．Cosmic radiation is only a danger and should be avoided at all costs. B．Scientists are only exploring the harmful effects of cosmic radiation. C．The medical applications of cosmic radiation are still in their early stages of development. D．Cosmic radiation particles are used as a primary treatment for all types of cancer. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了宇宙辐射的来源、影响以及其在医学上的应用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Cosmic radiation, which comes from the sun and other stars in the galaxy, is constantly hitting Earth.”（来自太阳和银河系中的其他星星的宇宙辐射不断地撞击地球。）和第四段“Solar radiation comprises charged particles emitted by the sun, known as the solar wind, while galactic cosmic radiation comes from the remnants (残余部分) of supernovas (超新星)”（太阳辐射包括太阳发射的带电粒子，被称为太阳风，而银河宇宙辐射来自超新星的残余部分）可知，宇宙辐射并非主要来自超新星的残余部分，而是来自太阳和其他星星。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere provide protection from this radiation, with the magnetic field being strongest in tropical areas and weakest at the poles.”（地球的磁场和大气层为我们提供了对这种辐射的保护，磁场在热带地区最强，在极地最弱。）可知，靠近赤道的人会受到最少的宇宙辐射。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere provide protection from this radiation” （地球的磁场和大气层提供了对这种辐射的保护）“可知，尽管宇宙辐射的性质持续而强大，但我们通常被保护免受其最糟糕的影响。所以，”shielded”的意思是被保护免受潜在的危害。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Scientists can now artificially produce charged particles similar to cosmic radiation. Compared to conventional radiotherapy (放疗), charged particles can target tumors more effectively with less harm to the surrounding healthy tissues, according to the journal Frontiers in Oncology.”（科学家现在可以人工产生类似于宇宙辐射的带电粒子。根据《肿瘤学前沿》杂志，与传统的放射治疗相比，带电粒子可以更有效地针对肿瘤，对周围的健康组织的伤害更小。）可知，某些类型的宇宙辐射粒子可以用来精确地破坏癌细胞。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scientists can now artificially produce charged particles similar to cosmic radiation.”（科学家现在可以人工产生类似于宇宙辐射的带电粒子）可知，宇宙辐射的医学应用仍处于发展的早期阶段。故选C。 主题09 人与社会——文化习俗与节日庆典 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州第一中学·期末) If you are a fruit grower - or would like to become one - take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. 1．What can people do at the apple events? A．Attend experts’ lectures. B．Visit fruit-loving families. C．Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D．Taste many kinds of apples. 2．What can we learn about Decio? A．It is a new variety. B．It has a strange look. C．It is rarely seen now. D．It has a special taste. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope. C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show how to grow apples. B．To introduce an apple festival. C．To help people select apples. D．To promote apple research. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了英国的苹果节的活动。 【分析】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. (参观苹果活动是一个很好的机会，可以看到并经常品尝各种各样的苹果。)”可知，参加相关庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. (尽管它的味道并不特别，但仍然值得一试，就像多疙瘩的猫头苹果一样，它更多的是一种好奇而非美味。)”可知，由于其奇特的外形，使人们更多地感到好奇，可推断出这种苹果是非常少见的，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it (Orleans Reinette是食用品质极佳的品种之一，但你需要一个温暖、避风且土壤完美的地方来种植它)”可知，Orleans Reinette是最好吃的苹果品种之一，但它的种植条件非常苛刻，所以喜爱它的人想经常吃到它是徒劳的愿望，a pipe dream意思是“徒劳的希望”，与选项B“A vain hope. (徒劳的希望)”意思相符。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“If you are a fruit grower - or would like to become one - take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. (如果你是一名果农——或者希望成为一名果农——那就利用苹果日去看看周围都有些什么吧。虽然它被称为苹果日，但实际上更像是苹果月。真正的日子是在10月21日，但自从这个活动流行起来后，相关活动现在已经在英国大部分地区的整个10月里陆续展开。)”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日－－苹果日，故选B。 主题10 人与社会——现代科技与社会生活 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·福建福州第四中学·期末) Thanks to YouTube, Streaming first caught on in 2005. Today nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime. In the early days of streaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month and subscribes to three streaming platforms, while the average cable ser pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12. 5 percent to $8.99 a month. A quarter of its subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did. A major reason: streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Oscar Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on a new streaming service, Amazon Prime Video. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99 — on top of the service’s monthly fee of $6.99. Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of a TV series on end.” Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours. 1．What do the underlined words “Goliath” and “David” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．TV viewers. B．TV programs. C．Streaming services. D．Streaming subscribers. 2．Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions? A．They cannot go without it. B．They think it is good value for money. C．Netflix has controlled the market. D．They think the low cost is a thing of the past. 3．What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney? A．The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award. B．The movie Mulan will generate great profits. C．The movie Mulan can be released on Amazon Prime Video. D．The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar. 4．What do binge-watchers tend to do? A．They watch TV series continuously. B．They start a new life. C．They break world records. D．They watch TV series aimlessly 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文为说明文。多亏了YouTube，流媒体在2005年首次流行起来。 如今，近四分之三的美国家庭订阅了至少一种视频流媒体服务。本文介绍了流媒体在美国的发展。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video.( Netflix在全球拥有近2亿用户，每周有10亿小时的内容浏览量，是目前为止最大的付费服务提供商。排名第二的是亚马逊Prime Video)”和“Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime(许多小型流媒体服务只播放体育、经典电影或日本动漫)”可知，在排名一、二的Netflix和亚马逊这样的流媒体服务商之外，有许多小型的流媒体服务接踵而至，故Goliath和 David在此处代指流媒体服务，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“A quarter of its subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.(四分之一的订阅者抗议价格上涨，并表示他们将取消订阅。很少这样做的)”和第三段“A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well. (一个主要原因是：流媒体网络已经成为许多最受欢迎的电视剧的发源地，包括最近的艾美奖得主。他们也提供完整长度的电影)”可知，大多数Netflix用户继续订阅是因为流媒体网络已经成为许多受欢迎的电视、电影的片源地，他们认为物有所值，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Netflix received more Oscar nominations than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year.( Netflix获得的奥斯卡提名比其他任何媒体公司都多。事实上，流媒体已经改变了奥斯卡竞赛，至少今年是这样)”和“all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+.(2020年在网上上映的所有电影都有资格获得2021年奥斯卡奖。这一转变对迪士尼来说尤其是个好消息，该公司正将备受期待的电影《花木兰》放到其新的流媒体服务Disney+上)”可知，对迪斯尼来说的好消息是电影《花木兰》可以角逐奥斯卡奖了，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end.” Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours. (韦氏词典在2017年增加了“binge-watch（刷剧）”一词，指“一口气看完（电视剧）很多集或所有集”。来自纽约的Alejandro Fragoso保持着连续94小时的吉尼斯世界纪 录。)”可知，binge-watchers倾向于不停刷剧，故选A。 主题01 人与自然——现代科技与前沿创新 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建福州马尾一中·期末联考） Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance (维护) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 1．What is the main purpose of using drones in railway inspection? A．To reduce the cost of railway construction. B．To improve railway safety and efficiency. C．To replace railway maintenance staff entirely. D．To provide passengers with better services. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sending staff to inspect and repair railways at night. B．The high cost of maintaining railway infrastructure. C．The use of drones in examining high-tension lines. D．Improving the on-time performance of trains. 3．What can be inferred about the future rail drones? A．They will fly overhead to detect railway faults. B．They will work autonomously ahead of the train. C．They will replace the train drivers gradually. D．They will signal problems after the train passes. 4．What does the author think of applying drones to railways? A．It is costly but effective. B．It has a promising future. C．It requires more technologies. D．It is too dangerous to implement. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Drones: The Future of Railway Safety B．European Railways: A Case Study C．Railway Infrastructure: Maintenance and Costs D．High-Tech Co-pilots: Revolutionizing Trains 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在铁路检查中的应用可提升安全性和效率并降低成本，未来前景广阔。 1． 细节理解题。根据第二段“The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. (对铁路线路和其他铁路基础设施关键方面的检查越有规律，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就会越高。成本将会降低，整体运营效率将会提高。)”可知，使用无人机检查铁路的主要目的是提高铁路的安全性和效率。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年在维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”可知，That指代的是上文提到的“晚上派维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施”这件事。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. (工程师们目前正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前面的轨道上移动，并被编程为自主运行。)”可知，未来的铁路无人机将在火车前面自主运行。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. (一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施全天候安全。)”以及下文对无人机在铁路检查中应用的描述可知，作者认为将无人机应用于铁路具有广阔的前景。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了无人机在铁路检查中的应用，包括提高铁路安全性和效率、降低成本等方面的优势，以及未来铁路无人机的发展前景。因此，A选项“Drones: The Future of Railway Safety (无人机：铁路安全的未来)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 主题02 人与自然——动物保护与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建漳州·期末） Beavers are famous for building dams out of trees and branches that they cut with their powerful front teeth. The animals also use grass, stones and mud to make these structures stronger. But why do they do so? Simply put, beavers build dams to stay safe, which is particularly challenging because of their clumsy (笨拙的) body shape and movements. “Beavers are 18 to 36 kilograms of meat with really short legs,” says fisheries biologist Chris Jordan. This makes them easy targets for predators (捕食者). “When beavers are on land, they’re so clumsy, like big chickens walking around that any predator would love to have for a meal,” says another scientist Emily Fairfax. “But when they’re in the water, they’re almost invincible. They’re excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for 10 to 15 minutes. By building a dam, they create a pond(池塘), and that pond is their safety zone.” These ponds are deep enough for beavers to hide from predators such as mountain lions, bears and wolves. Dams can also flood areas to bring them closer to their main food sources, which include bark and leaves from trees and other plants. Although dams protect beavers, they do not live inside them. Instead, they often live in oven-shaped lodges made of sticks, grass and other materials, in families of five on average. Interestingly, beaver dams benefit not only their creators, but many other species as well. “Beaver dams help slow down water and keep it on the landscape longer,” says Fairfax. “This turns simple streams into thriving wetlands. The amount of food and water available there makes them ideal habitats for many different species. That’s one reason why beavers are a keystone species.” Therefore, restoring beavers to their original habitats can help reduce the effects of climate change and benefit their ecosystems. There, their dams slow down the flow of water, and some of it is stored in the ground. This means that plant roots have access to water even during droughts, which helps to keep vegetation lush (植被繁茂). As such, the dams can bear heat. It is inspiring to see how well beavers are able to survive in a changing climate and do some of the climate change adaptation work that humans have been trying to do. 1．Why do beavers build dams according to the text? A．To get away from heat. B．To practice swimming. C．To make their teeth powerful. D．To escape from being attacked. 2．What does the underlined word “invincible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unconquerable. B．Independent. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. 3．What’s the benefit of beavers’ dams? A．Increasing the population of beavers. B．Improving the climate in the region. C．Giving more living places to beavers. D．Supporting the survival of various species. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to beavers’ work? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Uninterested. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海狸因笨拙筑坝造池塘避天敌、近食物，其堤坝有益多种物种，助减缓气候变化，作者称赞了其适应力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Simply put, beavers build dams to stay safe, which is particularly challenging because of their clumsy (笨拙的) body shape and movements.(简单来说，河狸建造水坝是为了保障自身安全，但这颇具挑战性，因为它们笨拙的体型和行动方式使其难以应对)”以及第三段“When beavers are on land, they’re so clumsy, like big chickens walking around that any predator would love to have for a meal(当河狸在陆地上时，它们非常笨拙，就像大公鸡四处走动，任何捕食者都会很乐意将其当作一顿美餐)”可知，河狸建造水坝的原因是为了躲避攻击。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They’re excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for 10 to 15 minutes.(他们游泳技术精湛，能够屏住呼吸长达10到15分钟)”可知，海狸在水中是优秀的游泳者，能憋气10到15分钟，结合前文“This makes them easy targets for predators (捕食者).(这使得它们很容易成为捕食者的攻击目标)”提到“在陆地上易被攻击”的对比，可推断“invincible”意为“不可战胜的，难以对付的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Beaver dams help slow down water and keep it on the landscape longer,” says Fairfax. “This turns simple streams into thriving wetlands. The amount of food and water available there makes them ideal habitats for many different species. That’s one reason why beavers are a keystone species.”(费尔法克斯说：“河狸修建的水坝能够减缓水流速度，使水流在地表停留更长时间。这样一来，原本普通的溪流就会变成生机勃勃的湿地。那里丰富的食物和水源条件使其成为众多不同物种的理想栖息地。这就是为什么河狸是关键物种之一的原因。”)”可知，河狸修建的水坝有助于多种生物的生存。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, restoring beavers to their original habitats can help reduce the effects of climate change and benefit their ecosystems. There, their dams slow down the flow of water, and some of it is stored in the ground. This means that plant roots have access to water even during droughts, which helps to keep vegetation lush (植被繁茂). As such, the dams can bear heat. It is inspiring to see how well beavers are able to survive in a changing climate and do some of the climate change adaptation work that humans have been trying to do.(因此，将水獭放回它们原本的栖息地有助于减轻气候变化的影响，并有益于它们所生活的生态系统。在 那里，它们建造的水坝会减缓水流速度，部分水流会渗入地下。这意味着即使在干旱时期，植物的根部也能获得水分，从而有助于保持植被茂盛。因此，这些水坝能够承受高温。看到水獭在不断变化的气候中如此出色地生存下来，并完成了一些人类一直试图完成的气候变化适应工作，真是令人鼓舞)”可知，作者对河狸的工作是赞成的。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·福建泉州·期末） Stanford researchers have discovered an exciting new way to treat wastewater that could help solve two big problems at once — water shortages and waste of valuable resources. Instead of just cleaning dirty water and throwing away the removed pollutants, their system turns wastewater into both drinkable water and useful materials. With experts predicting that the world will need 40% more clean water than it has by 2030, this technology is timely. The researchers have been particularly focused on dealing with “forever chemicals” — pollutants that add up in water supplies and are very difficult to remove. The researchers have developed new resins (树脂) with upgraded selectivity. Unlike traditional water treatment resins, these can specifically target and trap harmful chemicals while recovering valuable materials. This turns the treatment process from a cost into a potential money-maker. One of the biggest advantages of this system is that it can be easily integrated into current water treatment plants. The improved resins can potentially be added to existing facilities without requiring big changes. This makes the process more practical and affordable for cities and towns. The researchers see this as more than just a better water filter (过滤). They picture wastewater treatment plants becoming resource recovery centers that produce clean water while also supplying valuable materials to farmers and industries. As one scientist put it, this approach turns wastewater from being just a problem to solve into an opportunity - helping the environment while potentially creating new business possibilities. This invention could be especially important for areas facing water shortages, offering a way to get more clean water while making the treatment process more cost-effective and economically sustainable (可持续的). By recovering useful resources instead of just getting rid of them, the system represents a smarter way to handle our water needs in the future. 1．What is the main advantage of the new technology? A．It reduces the cost of building new factories. B．It cleans water and recovers useful materials. C．It helps scientists study “forever chemicals”. D．It transports treated water into cities and towns. 2．Which aspect of the technology is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．Its working process. B．Its historical background. C．Its potential applications. D．Its targeted problems. 3．Why is the technology practical for current plants? A．It removes all chemicals in one step. B．It is cheaper than traditional methods. C．It increases water usage by 40%. D．It fits the existing systems easily. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the new technology? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Uninterested. D．Worried. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学研究人员发现的一种新型废水处理方法，该方法能将废水转化为饮用水和有用材料，同时解决水资源短缺和宝贵资源浪费这两个问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead of just cleaning dirty water and throwing away the removed pollutants, their system turns wastewater into both drinkable water and useful materials. (他们的系统不是仅仅清洁脏水并扔掉去除的污染物，而是将废水转化为可饮用的水和有用的材料)”可知，新技术的主要优势是既能清洁水又能回收有用的材料。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers have developed new resins (树脂) with upgraded selectivity. Unlike traditional water treatment resins, these can specifically target and trap harmful chemicals while recovering valuable materials. This turns the treatment process from a cost into a potential money-maker. (研究人员开发出了具有更高选择性的新型树脂。与传统的水处理树脂不同，这些树脂能够特异性地靶向并捕获有害化学物质，同时回收有价值的材料。这使得处理过程从成本支出转变为潜在的盈利来源)”可知，本段主要介绍了新技术能针对性捕获有害化学物质并回收有价值材料，从而将处理过程从成本转化为潜在盈利点，这是在介绍该技术针对的问题及解决方式。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the biggest advantages of this system is that it can be easily integrated into current water treatment plants. The improved resins can potentially be added to existing facilities without requiring big changes. This makes the process more practical and affordable for cities and towns. (该系统最大的优势之一在于，它能够轻松整合到现有的污水处理厂中。改良后的树脂有可能添加到现有设施中，而无需进行大规模改动。这使得该工艺对于城镇来说更加实用且经济可行)”可知，该技术对现有工厂实用是因为它能轻松融入现有系统，无需大的改动。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This invention could be especially important for areas facing water shortages, offering a way to get more clean water while making the treatment process more cost-effective and economically sustainable (可持续的). By recovering useful resources instead of just getting rid of them, the system represents a smarter way to handle our water needs in the future. (这项发明对于面临水资源短缺的地区可能尤为重要，它提供了一种获得更多清洁水的方法，同时使处理过程更具成本效益和经济可持续性。通过回收有用的资源而不是仅仅处理掉它们，该系统代表了一种更明智的处理未来水资源需求的方式)”可知，作者认为这项发明对于面临水资源短缺的地区可能尤为重要，它提供了一种更明智的处理未来水资源需求的方式。由此推知，作者对这项新技术持乐观态度。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——绿色科技与可持续发展 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建厦门·期末） Picture a robot. What do you see? A stony, steel machine built to be stronger than living beings? Unfortunately, this quality now threatens to flood the planet in e-waste. What if, our machines were designed to break down and disappear — like life does? For a study in Science Advances, researchers designed a robotic arm and a controller from pork gelatin and plant cellulose — materials strong enough to function yet easy enough to degrade (降解). After testing, both structures broke down in soil within weeks. Biodegradable robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which draws inspiration from nature’s creations. Pingdong Wei, a materials scientist at Westlake University, teamed up with his friend Zhuang Zhang, a robotics engineer now at Fudan University, to construct robots for the study. Wei had been drawn to robotics, Zhang recalls, and raised the idea of creating a robot himself. “That’s when I thought, ‘Why not use the materials he works with to build one?’” They first made cellulose layers from cotton pulp, then added glycerol for flexibility and dried the layers for strength. To build sensors, the researchers used a conductive gelatin drawn out from pork, in which the flow of ions (离子) changes when the material is bent or pressed. They then folded the flat films and sensors into 3D structures. Wei and Zhang found that the controller and robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried them both in a 20-centimeter-deep hole near their campus. Within eight weeks the machines were almost gone. Wei and Zhang look forward to bots like these handling waste and then breaking down; they also expect robots that aid medical operations and then safely break down inside the body. But it’s important to note that the technology is in early stages. “If we want to have an environmentally friendly robot that goes outside in nature,” the researchers say, “we need to think of power supplies or batteries that are biodegradable.” 1．What is the author’s concern in paragraph 1? A．Soil quality decreases. B．Machines end up as e-waste. C．Disasters strike the planet. D．Robots threaten people’s lives. 2．How does the author develop paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By describing a process. C．By making a comparison. D．By showing cause and effect. 3．What may researchers consider about future robots? A．Providing training to robots. B．Ensuring safe robot behavior. C．Developing degradable batteries. D．Improving robots’ operation system. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Made of Metal B．Added for Flexibility C．Death by Design D．Power with a Price 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过仿生材料设计出可在土壤中快速降解的机器人，为解决电子垃圾问题提供新思路，但可降解能源仍是待突破的关键技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Picture a robot. What do you see? A stony, steel machine built to be stronger than living beings? Unfortunately, this quality now threatens to flood the planet in e-waste. (请想象一个机器人的形象。你脑海中浮现的是什么？一个冷冰冰的、由钢铁打造的比生物更强大的机械装置？遗憾的是，这种特性如今正导致电子垃圾在全球泛滥成灾)”可知，作者担心这些机械装置最终成为电子垃圾。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“They first made cellulose layers from cotton pulp, then added glycerol for flexibility and dried the layers for strength. To build sensors, the researchers used a conductive gelatin drawn out from pork, in which the flow of ions (离子) changes when the material is bent or pressed. They then folded the flat films and sensors into 3D structures. (研究团队首先以棉浆为原料制作纤维素薄层，随后加入甘油增强柔韧性，并通过干燥工艺提升材料强度。在传感器制造环节，科学家采用从猪肉提取的导电明胶材料——这种物质在弯曲或受压时会产生离子流变化。接着，他们将平面薄膜与传感器组件折叠组装成三维立体结构)”和“Finally, they buried them both in a 20-centimeter-deep hole near their campus. (最终，实验人员将整套设备埋入校园附近20厘米深的土坑中)”可知，该段按时间顺序详细说明机器人的制作和测试流程，属于过程描述。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““If we want to have an environmentally friendly robot that goes outside in nature,” the researchers say, “we need to think of power supplies or batteries that are biodegradable.”(“如果我们想拥有一个能够在户外自然环境中运行的环保机器人，”研究人员说道，“我们就需要考虑使用可生物降解的电源或电池。”)”可知，研究人员提出未来需研发可降解的电池。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“What if, our machines were designed to break down and disappear — like life does? For a study in Science Advances, researchers designed a robotic arm and a controller from pork gelatin and plant cellulose — materials strong enough to function yet easy enough to degrade (降解). (试想，如果我们的机器也能像生命体一样被设计成可分解消失，那会怎样？在《科学进展》期刊发表的一项研究中，研究人员利用猪肉明胶和植物纤维素材料——这些材料既具备足够强度实现功能，又易于降解——成功研制出了机械臂和控制器)”可知，文章聚焦可生物降解的机器人，介绍了科学家通过仿生材料设计出可在土壤中快速降解的机器人，为解决电子垃圾问题提供新思路，但可降解能源仍是待突破的关键技术。因此，C项“预设的消亡”概括机器人可降解的设计理念，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题04 人与自然——动物行为与生物本能 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建莆田·期末） In the spring, a small brown moth (飞蛾) called the bogong moth starts an extraordinary journey. Native to Australia, it flies over 1,000 kilometers each night from flat grasslands to cool mountain caves in the southeast-a feat comparable to a human running a marathon daily for weeks. What’s truly astonishing is how these tiny-brained insects, with brains one-tenth the size of a grain of rice, navigate (导航) such vast distances in complete darkness. Scientists long suspected bogong moths used Earth’s magnetic field or mountain shapes as guides. But recent research published in Nature revealed a surprising secret: they navigate by the stars. This ability, previously observed only in birds and humans, was confirmed through creative experiments. Researchers placed moths in a flight model that blocked Earth’s magnetism and projected artificial star patterns. When the artificial sky matched real star groups, moths flew correctly. When stars were turned 180 degrees, they flew in the opposite direction. Without consistent starlight, they became completely lost. How do moths “read” the stars? The study found specialized neurons in their brains that respond specifically to starlight positions, particularly the bright core of the Milky Way. These neurons likely form a basic “sky map,” allowing moths to adjust their path over weeks as stars gradually shift. Unlike dung beetles-which briefly use the Milky Way as a landmark-bogong moths continuously track movements of the stars. This discovery reshapes our understanding of the insects: for bogong moths, starlight is more than beauty; it is a survival tool woven into their biology. As light pollution increasingly clouds the night sky, protecting these natural navigators becomes urgent — not just for them, but for all species relying on the stars’ ancient light. 1．What does the underlined word “feat” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Daily routine. B．Natural behaviour. C．Physical exercise. D．Remarkable achievement. 2．In the experiment, what happened when the artificial stars were turned 180 degrees? A．Moths turned around. B．Moths flew faster. C．Moths stopped moving. D．Moths ignored the stars. 3．Which ability differs bogong moths from dung beetles in navigation? A．To travel longer distances. B．To adjust their sky map. C．To keep following moving stars. D．To use the Milky Way as a landmark. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Night sky should be protected from light pollution. B．Starlight serves as a beautiful destination for moths. C．All species depend on the starlight to navigate. D．Insects make social interactions with starlight. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了澳大利亚博贡蛾靠星星导航完成千里迁徙，研究发现其大脑神经元对星光敏感。但是如今光污染威胁其生存，需加以保护。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“it flies over 1,000 kilometers (飞行距离达1000公里之多)”以及后文“a human running a marathon daily for weeks (人类连续数周每天跑完一场马拉松)”可知，博贡蛾的飞行距离堪比人类连续数周每天跑完一场马拉松，说明是一项令人瞩目的成就。故划线词意思是“令人瞩目的成就”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When stars were turned 180 degrees, they flew in the opposite direction. (当星星旋转180度时，它们就会朝相反的方向移动。)”可知，在实验中，当人造星星被旋转180度时，博贡蛾会转身。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Unlike dung beetles-which briefly use the Milky Way as a landmark-bogong moths continuously track movements of the stars. (与蜣螂不同（蜣螂只是偶尔将银河系当作参照标志），博根蛾会持续追踪星星的移动轨迹。)”可知，能够持续追踪移动的星星使博贡蛾与蜣螂在导航方面有所不同。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This discovery reshapes our understanding of the insects: for bogong moths, starlight is more than beauty; it is a survival tool woven into their biology. As light pollution increasingly clouds the night sky, protecting these natural navigators becomes urgent — not just for them, but for all species relying on the stars’ ancient light. (这一发现改变了我们对昆虫的认知：对于博贡蛾来说，星光不仅具有美感，更是一种融入其生理结构的生存工具。随着光污染日益严重地遮蔽了夜空，保护这些天然的导航者变得迫在眉睫——这不仅关乎它们自身，也关乎所有依赖古老星光的物种。)”可知，作者在最后一段中意在表达夜空应当免受光污染的侵扰。故选A。 主题05 人与社会——文化交流与传播 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建福州八县市协作校·期末） Phan Thi Kim Chi’s connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) began at an early age. Growing up in a small village in Vietnam, it was inconvenient for Phan to travel to hospitals in neighboring cities. Whenever she caught a cold or experienced a headache as a child, her family would seek the help of a local TCM practitioner. This led her to major in TCM at a traditional medical school in China. According to Phan, even though TCM has long been commonly practiced and accepted in Vietnam, finding a good school to learn TCM in Vietnam is not easy. As a foreign student, Phan finds the TCM basic theory course to be the most challenging one in the courses. Being widespread and far-reaching, TCM is deeply connected with Chinese philosophy. It requires years of learning and practice to truly understand the concepts of yin and yang, harmony between human and nature, and the five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Sometimes she even translates the TCM vocabulary and scripts into Vietnamese so she can remember and understand them better. Overseas students of TCM, like Phan, are not rare. According to a report, the total number of international students studying TCM in China was 8,187 last year, with the largest population of 6,441 coming from Asian countries, followed by 832 from Africa and 432 from Europe. Also, many Chinese medical universities had projects that sent professors overseas to teach TCM. The fast-developing situation of TCM is not limited to schools and clinics. It has also become a lifestyle choice for many young people. 1．Which of the following best explains “practitioner” underlined in Paragraph 1? A．visitor B．officer C．student D．doctor 2．How did Phan Thi Kim Chi find the TCM basic theory course? A．Confusing. B．Inspiring. C．Tough. D．Common. 3．Why are there many numbers mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To attract more students. B．To prove the popularity of TCM. C．To show the difficulties of promoting TCM. D．To explain causes of students choosing TCM. 4．What does the last paragraph imply about the current development of TCM? A．It faces rejection from younger generations. B．It values commercial success over cultural value. C．It is mainly promoted through academic research. D．It has expanded beyond medical fields into daily life. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Global Rise of TCM B．The Development of TCM C．The Hidden Power of TCM D．Promising Future of TCM 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中医在国际上的发展情况，通过越南学生Phan学习中医的经历，展示了中医在海外的受欢迎程度，以及其从医疗领域向生活方式的拓展。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Whenever she caught a cold or experienced a headache as a child, her family would seek the help of a local TCM practitioner. (小时候，每当她感冒或头痛时，她的家人都会向当地的中医practitioner求助。)”可知，当Phan生病时，她的家人会寻求当地中医从业者的帮助，由此可推知，practitioner在这里指的是“医生”。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“As a foreign student, Phan finds the TCM basic theory course to be the most challenging one in the courses. (作为一名外国学生，Phan发现中医基础理论课程是所有课程中最具挑战性的。)”可知，Phan认为中医基础理论课程是最具挑战性的，即“困难的”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“According to a report, the total number of international students studying TCM in China was 8,187 last year, with the largest population of 6,441 coming from Asian countries, followed by 832 from Africa and 432 from Europe. (根据一份报告，去年在中国学习中医的国际学生总数为8,187人，其中来自亚洲国家的学生人数最多，为6,441人，其次是来自非洲的832人和来自欧洲的432人。)”以及“Also, many Chinese medical universities had projects that sent professors overseas to teach TCM. (此外，许多中国医科大学还有派遣教授到海外教授中医的项目。)”可知，提到这些数据旨在证明中医在国际上的受欢迎程度。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The fast-developing situation of TCM is not limited to schools and clinics. It has also become a lifestyle choice for many young people. (中医的快速发展不仅限于学校和诊所。它也成为许多年轻人的生活方式选择。)”可知，中医的发展已经超越了医疗领域，进入了人们的日常生活。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过Phan的经历引出中医在海外的学习情况，用数据说明其国际影响力，并提到其向生活领域的拓展，核心是中医在全球的兴起，因此A项“Global Rise of TCM (中医在全球的兴起)”最符合文章主旨，适宜作为标题使用。故选A项。 主题06 人与社会——科技创新与文物保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建三明·期末） A special project is underway to fix and repair the ancient murals (壁画) of the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves in Xinjiang, China. The project aims to use advanced technologies like AI, to address the long-standing challenges of preserving these invaluable cultural relics. The Kizil caves, dating back to the late 3rd century, are among China’s earliest and largest Buddhist cave complexes. The murals show the life of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, and are a vivid record of the ancient Silk Road and cultural diversity. However, many murals have been damaged or lost due to varieties of natural factors and human activities. In order to address these problems, the project applies a mix of advanced technologies. A team from Zhejiang University is going to apply terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (光谱技术) to discover and identify the color layers of the smoke-damaged murals in Cave 161 in a non-invasive way, which will allow for virtual repair. Meanwhile, a digital team will use AI models and thought-chain strategies to repair the damaged murals in Cave 38. The project is expected to complete in late May. Zhao Li, a research fellow who has spent over 30 years on mural preservation, stressed the challenges of identifying and digitally repairing smoke-covered murals and accurately recognizing and completing missing sections using AI. He also noted that while Al models good at recognizing geometric patterns and architectural design, they still require further training to accurately identify curved lines and human figures in the murals. However, the newly developed DeepSeek model, with its improved capabilities, offers hope for more exact and efficient reconstruction. This reconstruction project is just one example of how technology, especially AI, is changing archaeology. Around the world, archaeologists are using AI to unlock the secrets of the past. In China, students are now taking courses like “AI Archaeology”, where they learn to use AI to identify mold on paper relics or determine the age of bronze relics. The future is bright. 1．What’s the purpose of the project? A．To build new cultural heritage sites. B．To promote tourism in Xinjiang. C．To protect the ancient murals. D．To train more AI experts. 2．What can be inferred about the project from paragraph 3? A．It will address all problems. B．It has already achieved its goals. C．It is expected to last for several years. D．It applies different high-end technologies. 3．How does Zhao Li feel about using DeepSeek model in the project? A．Concerned. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 4．Why does the author mention students in China in the last paragraph? A．To give an example. B．To explain a rule. C．To make a suggestion. D．To present an argument. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新疆克孜尔千佛洞古代壁画修复项目，该项目运用AI等先进技术，虽有挑战但前景良好，体现了科技对考古的改变。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A special project is underway to fix and repair the ancient murals (壁画) of the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves in Xinjiang, China. The project aims to use advanced technologies like AI, to address the long-standing challenges of preserving these invaluable cultural relics. (中国新疆克孜尔千佛洞的古代壁画正在进行一项特殊的修复工程。该项目旨在利用人工智能等先进技术，解决保护这些无价文化遗产的长期挑战)”可知，该项目的目的是保护古代壁画。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In order to address these problems, the project applies a mix of advanced technologies. A team from Zhejiang University is going to apply terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (光谱技术) to discover and identify the color layers of the smoke-damaged murals in Cave 161 in a non-invasive way, which will allow for virtual repair. Meanwhile, a digital team will use AI models and thought-chain strategies to repair the damaged murals in Cave 38. (为了解决这些问题，该项目采用了多种先进技术。浙江大学的一个团队将应用太赫兹时域光谱技术，以无损的方式发现和识别161号洞窟中被烟熏损坏的壁画的色彩层，这将有助于进行虚拟修复。与此同时，一个数字团队将使用人工智能模型和思维链策略来修复38号洞窟中被损坏的壁画)”可知，从第三段可以推断出该项目应用了不同的高端技术。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, the newly developed DeepSeek model, with its improved capabilities, offers hope for more exact and efficient reconstruction. (然而，新开发的具有更强能力的DeepSeek模型为更精确、更高效的重建带来了希望)”可知，赵莉对在该项目中使用DeepSeek模型持积极态度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This reconstruction project is just one example of how technology, especially AI, is changing archaeology. Around the world, archaeologists are using AI to unlock the secrets of the past. In China, students are now taking courses like ‘AI Archaeology’, where they learn to use AI to identify mold on paper relics or determine the age of bronze relics. (这个重建项目只是科技，尤其是人工智能，正在改变考古学的一个例子。在世界各地，考古学家都在利用人工智能来揭开过去的秘密。在中国，学生们现在正在学习“人工智能考古”这样的课程，他们学习使用人工智能来识别纸质文物上的霉菌或确定青铜文物的年代)”可知，作者在最后一段提到中国的学生是为了举例说明。故选A。 主题07 人与自然——环境保护与污染治理 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建宁德·期末） Microplastics, tiny pieces of plastic less than 5 mm in length, are one of the 21st century’s biggest environmental problems. In 2021, Japanese scientists from Kyushu University estimated (估计) 24.4 trillion microplastics in the world’s upper oceans-about 30 billion half-liter water bottles, but the actual amount may be much greater. They are easily eaten by ocean creatures and transmitted through the food chain, presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health. A team of researchers at Sichuan University have suggested a new solution: designing a tiny fish-shaped robot that is programmed to remove microplastics from the environment. Soft to touch and just 1.3 cm in size, the robot can move about 2.67 body lengths per second. Currently, the robot only functions on water surfaces, where it would be able to remove floating microplastics. The team aims to enable it to collect microplastics in deeper water and provide information to analyze ocean pollution in real time. Scientists can control the robot using the light to stop it crashing into other fish or ships. If it is accidentally eaten by other fish, it can be digested (消化) without harm as it is made from a newly developed material. And the robot can recover most of its former ability and continue functioning even if it experiences some damage, which could happen often if it goes hunting for pollutants in rocky environments. At this stage, the robo-fish is just a proof of concept (概念验证), and much more research is needed, especially into how this technology could be used in the real world. For example, the team will soon be working on more advanced robo-fish that can go deeper under the water. Still, the bionic (仿生学的) design could inspire other similar projects, like robots which could be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials. 1．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To prove where microplastics come from. B．To explain how microplastics are transmitted. C．To introduce a scientific study on microplastics. D．To show the need to fight microplastic pollution. 2．What is one feature of the robot? A．It has some self-recover ability. B．It shines at deep-water operation. C．It is independent of human control. D．It analyzes ocean pollution in real time. 3．What will the researchers do next? A．Conduct more research on microplastics. B．Launch some similar projects on microplastics. C．Make further improvements to the current model. D．Develop bionic robots to analyze human health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．How can mountains of microplastics be reduced? B．The world’s oceans polluted with microplastics C．Tiny robo-fish developed to collect microplastics D．Why are robo-fish the key to ending oceanic pollution? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川大学研究团队设计的一种用于收集微塑料的微型机器鱼及其特点和应用前景。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Microplastics, tiny pieces of plastic less than 5mm in length, are one of the 21st century’s biggest environmental problems. (微塑料，即长度小于5毫米的微小塑料碎片，是21世纪最大的环境问题之一)”以及“They are easily eaten by ocean creatures and transmitted through the food chain, presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health. (它们很容易被海洋生物吃掉，并通过食物链传播，对人类和生态系统健康构成严重威胁)”可知，第一段的主要目的是展示对抗微塑料污染的必要性。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“And the robot can recover most of its former ability and continue functioning even if it experiences some damage, which could happen often if it goes hunting for pollutants in rocky environments. (即使受到一些损伤，机器人也能恢复大部分以前的能力并继续工作，如果它在岩石环境中寻找污染物，这种情况可能会经常发生)”可知，机器人的一个特点是它有一定的自我恢复能力。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At this stage, the robo-fish is just a proof of concept (概念验证), and much more research is needed, especially into how this technology could be used in the real world. For example, the team will soon be working on more advanced robo-fish that can go deeper under the water. (在这个阶段，机器鱼只是一个概念验证，还需要更多的研究，特别是关于这项技术如何在现实世界中应用的研究。例如，该团队很快将致力于开发能够潜入更深水域的更先进的机器鱼)”可知，研究人员接下来将对现有模型进行进一步改进。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“A team of researchers at Sichuan University have suggested a new solution: designing a tiny fish-shaped robot that is programmed to remove microplastics from the environment. (四川大学的一个研究小组提出了一个新的解决方案：设计一种微小的鱼形机器人，通过编程从环境中去除微塑料)”可知，文章主要介绍了四川大学研究团队设计的一种用于收集微塑料的微型机器鱼及其特点和应用前景。可知，C选项“Tiny robo-fish developed to collect microplastics (为收集微塑料而开发的微型机器鱼)”最符合文章标题。故选C。 主题08 人与自然——极限运动与生存挑战 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建宁德·期末） Mount Qomolangma is located in the Himalaya Mountain range. At 8,848.86 meters, it is considered the tallest point on Earth. That’s seriously high. Think about it like this. In 2010 Dubai broke the record for the world’s tallest building with the Burj Khalifa Tower at a height of 828 meters. Qomolangma is more than ten times its height. The Himalayan mountains have long been home to the Sherpa people. The word “Sherpa” is often used to mean the mountain guide. The Sherpa, who are used to low oxygen levels, have valuable experience in mountain climbing, which they can provide for other climbers. Most climbs to Qomolangma would be impossible without the Sherpa’s help and knowledge Traditionally, Sherpa’s lifestyle is made up of farming, herding, and trade. However, with the coming of climbers, their way of life is more than that. Climbing Mount Qomolangma has become a popular exploration for mountain climbers However, it is a perilous task. The snow and ice on the mountain create deadly dangers. But perhaps the biggest danger is the altitude (海拔高度). Most climbers are not used to the high altitude and low oxygen levels and depend on bottled oxygen they bring along. This is why the area above 8,000 meters on Qomolangma is called the “death zone”. Climbers who spend long periods in this region can develop altitude sickness and even damage to the brain. Mount Qomolangma’s climbing industry has become controversial (有争议的). As the popularity of the climb has increased, there have been more “traffic jams” as climbers spend too much time in the death zone waiting for their chance to climb to the top. More pollution has come up near the top with more people, as climbers often throw unwanted items away all along the mountain. Additionally, climbers have taken advantage of the Sherpa. Sherpa guides are faced with some of the highest death rates of any field of employment for rather little pay. 1．How does the author explain the height of Mount Qomolangma? A．By analyzing some facts. B．By making a comparison. C．By providing some examples. D．By introducing a new idea. 2．What is the meaning of the underlined “perilous” in Paragraph 3? A．Traditional. B．Attractive. C．Simple. D．Dangerous. 3．What’s the problem the “death zone” facing? A．Overcrowding. B．Being enlarged. C．More industrial pollution. D．The Sherpa’s over exploration. 4．What can be inferred about the Sherpa? A．They earn a lot by helping climbers. B．Their job as mountain guides is risky. C．They easily develop altitude sickness. D．They changed their lifestyle completely. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的高度、夏尔巴人的作用、攀登的危险性以及登山产业引发的争议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Think about it like this. In 2010 Dubai broke the record for the world’s tallest building with the Burj Khalifa Tower at a height of 828 meters. Qomolangma is more than ten times its height. (这样想吧。2010年，迪拜以828米高的哈利法塔打破了世界最高建筑的纪录。珠穆朗玛的高度是它的十倍以上。)”可知，作者通过将珠峰与迪拜塔（828米）对比来解释其高度。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“The snow and ice on the mountain create deadly dangers. But perhaps the biggest danger is the altitude (海拔高度). (山上的冰雪形成了致命的危险。但也许最大的危险是海拔。)”可知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项很危险的工作，由此可推知，划线单词“perilous”与“deadly dangers”呼应，意为“危险的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Mount Qomolangma’s climbing industry has become controversial (有争议的). As the popularity of the climb has increased, there have been more “traffic jams” as climbers spend too much time in the death zone waiting for their chance to climb to the top. (珠穆朗玛峰的登山行业变得充满争议。随着攀登的流行程度增加，攀登者在死亡地带等待登顶机会的时间过长出现了更多的“交通堵塞”。)”可知，“死亡区”面临的问题是过度拥挤。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Sherpa guides are faced with some of the highest death rates of any field of employment for rather little pay. (夏尔巴向导面临着任何职业中最高的死亡率之一，而他们的收入却相当微薄。)”可推断，他们的向导工作风险极高。故选B。 主题09 人与自然——科学探究与发现 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·福建龙岩·期末） New studies show that some birds, such as African grey parrots, can help each other to solve problems. In the past, people believed only humans and some smart animals could do this. To test the parrots’ abilities, scientists created a special experiment. The results surprised everyone — the parrots successfully cooperated to complete the task. In the study, two parrots were placed in side-by-side cages (笼子) with a small hole between them. On one side, a parrot could see a piece of food hidden inside a clear box but could not reach it. The other parrot had a long stick but could not see the food. To succeed, the birds needed to pass the stick through the window so the first parrot could use it to pull the food out. At first, the parrots acted independently, but after several attempts, they learned to team up. One bird would push the stick through the hole, while the other used it as a tool. This showed that they understood each other’s role, and changed their actions accordingly. What makes this behavior even more impressive is that most animals, including many intelligent species, usually act alone when searching for food. For example, while wolves hunt in groups, their actions are driven by instinct (本能) rather than a shared plan. In contrast, the parrots in this study showed clear teamwork, suggesting a higher level of social intelligence. Scientists believe this discovery could change how we understand animal brains. It challenges the idea that only mammals (哺乳动物), like chimpanzees or dolphins, are capable of advanced teamwork. The research also raises new questions: How did birds develop this skill? Do other bird species, like crows or ravens, show similar abilities? Future studies might explore whether environmental factors play a role in these cognitive (认知的) abilities. This finding could even have practical uses. For instance, training birds to cooperate might help in wildlife conservation or improve methods for studying animal behavior. By learning more about how birds think, scientists might develop better ways to protect endangered species or solve ecological (生态的) problems. 1．What is striking about the parrots according to the study? A．They can use tools. B．They practise team spirit. C．They learn words quickly. D．They act like most animals. 2．What’s the significance of the finding? A．It further confirms a traditional belief. B．It improves human’s knowledge of animals. C．It offers specific methods for future studies. D．It proves mammals’ social intelligence. 3．What is a possible application of the finding? A．Strengthening birds’ social abilities. B．Teaching other birds to understand each other. C．Bettering ways to study brain functions. D．Exploring ecological protection strategies. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a phenomenon. B．To argue about a theory. C．To introduce an experiment. D．To compare animals’ intelligence. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究表明一些鸟类，如非洲灰鹦鹉，能够相互合作解决问题，科学家通过实验验证了这一能力，该发现对理解动物大脑有重要意义且可能有实际应用价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At first, the parrots acted independently, but after several attempts, they learned to team up. One bird would push the stick through the hole, while the other used it as a tool. This showed that they understood each other’s role, and changed their actions accordingly. (起初，鹦鹉们独立行动，但经过几次尝试后，它们学会了合作。一只鸟会把棍子从洞里推过去，而另一只则把它当作工具使用。这表明它们理解彼此的角色，并相应地改变自己的行为)”以及第三段“For example, while wolves hunt in groups, their actions are driven by instinct (本能) rather than a shared plan. In contrast, the parrots in this study showed clear teamwork, suggesting a higher level of social intelligence. (例如，虽然狼是群居捕猎，但它们的行动是由本能驱动的，而不是共同的计划。相比之下，本研究中的鹦鹉表现出了明显的团队合作，这表明它们具有更高水平的社会智力)”可知，鹦鹉令人惊讶的地方在于它们能相互配合，有团队精神。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Scientists believe this discovery could change how we understand animal brains. It challenges the idea that only mammals (哺乳动物), like chimpanzees or dolphins, are capable of advanced teamwork. (科学家们认为，这一发现可能会改变我们对动物大脑的理解。它挑战了这样一种观点，即只有像黑猩猩或海豚这样的哺乳动物才能进行高级团队合作)”可知，这一发现的意义在于它改进了人类对动物的认识，让人类对动物大脑有了新的理解。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This finding could even have practical uses. For instance, training birds to cooperate might help in wildlife conservation or improve methods for studying animal behavior. By learning more about how birds think, scientists might develop better ways to protect endangered species or solve ecological (生态的) problems. (这一发现甚至可能有实际用途。例如，训练鸟类合作可能有助于野生动物保护，或改进研究动物行为的方法。通过更多地了解鸟类是如何思考的，科学家们可能会开发出更好的方法来保护濒危物种或解决生态问题)”可知，这一发现可以用来探索生态保护策略。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“New studies show that some birds, such as African grey parrots, can help each other to solve problems. In the past, people believed only humans and some smart animals could do this. To test the parrots’ abilities, scientists created a special experiment. The results surprised everyone — the parrots successfully cooperated to complete the task. (新的研究表明，一些鸟类，如非洲灰鹦鹉，可以互相帮助解决问题。在过去，人们认为只有人类和一些聪明的动物才能做到这一点。为了测试鹦鹉的能力，科学家们做了一个特别的实验。结果让所有人都大吃一惊 —— 鹦鹉们成功地合作完成了任务)”可知，文章开篇点明新研究显示一些鸟类能相互帮助解决问题，接着讲述了科学家为测试鹦鹉能力所做的实验，包括实验设置、鹦鹉的表现等，所以文章主要目的是介绍这个关于鹦鹉合作能力的实验。故选C。 2 / 36 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 主题02 人与社会——人工智能与教育 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 主题03 人与自我——健康生活方式  Passage 1： 1．B 2．B 3．C 主题04 人与社会——科技与生活 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 主题05 人与社会——历史、文化与考古发现 Passage 1：1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 主题06 人与自我——个人成长与生活态度 Passage 1：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 主题07 人与社会——跨文化交际与文化差异 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 主题08 人与自然——自然科学科普与宇宙探索 Passage 1：1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 主题09 人与社会——文化习俗与节日庆典 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 主题10 人与社会——现代科技与社会生活 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 主题01 人与自然——现代科技与前沿创新 Passage 1：1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 主题02 人与自然——动物保护与科技创新 Passage 1：1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 2：1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 主题03 人与自然——绿色科技与可持续发展 Passage 1：1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 主题04 人与自然——动物行为与生物本能 Passage 1：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 主题05 人与社会——文化交流与传播 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 主题06 人与社会——科技创新与文物保护 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 主题07 人与自然——环境保护与污染治理 Passage 1：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 主题08 人与自然——极限运动与生存挑战 Passage 1：1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 主题09 人与自然——科学探究与发现 Passage 1：1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 2 / 36 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $