专题07 阅读理解之议论文（期末真题汇编，天津专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 高二下期末议论文阅读理解汇编，精选天津多区县近年期末真题，聚焦个人选择、自律、成长心态等主题，考查细节理解、推理判断及主旨归纳能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|6篇，每篇4-5题|细节理解（如Passage 1第1题）、推理判断（如Passage 2第2题）、主旨大意（如Passage 3第5题）|情境贴近学生生活，问题设计梯度分明，匹配高二期末对语言能力与思维品质的考查要求|

专题07 阅读理解之议论文 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津五区县·期末） As is known to everyone, the options we make have an effect on our future. Suppose I am an intelligent student with good marks. But on the other hand, being lazy, I do badly in my examinations. I am refused admission to university and cannot find a good job. The golden future I had imagined will never be. All these are all from a bad choice! However, your choices affect your future in a way that is a lot more complicated. This is because nearly all the choices you make affect your character. Your character is displayed through your choices, but it is also formed by them. No matter when you make a choice, your character changes or grows, or diminishes depending on whether the decision you made is wise or foolish. Your character is being made by you, bit by bit, choice by choice. And so, you become the sort of person who will make a certain kind of choice in a certain situation. Some will argue this is not true. After all, the field of human choice is a narrow one. Most of the things that form us in our lives are not subject to choice. We cannot choose when and where to be born, whether our families will be rich or poor, kind or cruel. We cannot even entirely control who we will meet in our lives. With so much that we cannot choose, how can we be said to be responsible for anything? There is some truth in this. We are thrown into life without any say over the matter, and have little control over most of it. However, we do have some power of choice, and we do control the most important thing of all: how we respond to circumstances. We can choose to keep struggling in hard times, or to give up. This ability to choose how we behave and respond is a great gift. It is our key to having confidence in the future. It is human nature to fear the future, as the future is unknown. You can’t entirely control what will happen to you tomorrow. But if you have confidence in your character, formed by years of making good choices, then you do know one thing for certain about the future: no matter what happens, you will make a choice that you will be proud of. At every moment, then, practise forming your character when you make your choices, no matter how small they are. Remember: your choices form your character. And your character determines your future. 1．What example does the author use to illustrate the impact of bad choices on the future?​ A．A student who fails to get into university due to laziness despite good academic potential.​ B．A person who can’t choose their birthplace and family background.​ C．Someone who gives up easily during hard times.​ D．An individual who is afraid of the unknown future.​ 2．What can we infer from the passage?​ A．We have no control over any aspect of our lives except making choices.​ B．Good character formed by making wise choices gives us confidence in the future.​ C．External factors like birthplace and family background have no impact on our life.​ D．Small choices in daily life don’t matter in shaping our character. 3．In the author’s opinion, what is the most important thing we can control in life?​ A．When and where to be born.​ B．Whether our families will be rich or poor.​ C．How we respond to different circumstances.​ D．Who we will meet in our lives. 4．According to the passage, why are our choices closely related to our future?​ A．Because choices directly decide our social status.​ B．Because choices can influence our character which determines our future.​ C．Because making choices helps us gain more control over external circumstances.​ D．Because every choice we make ensures a successful future. 5．What is the main idea of the passage?​ A．The ways to make good choices in different situations.​ B．The uncontrollable factors existing in our life.​ C．The significant relationship between our choices, character and future.​ D．The importance of having confidence in the future. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）Years ago, as a young business reporter, I interviewed an advertising executive who ran a fast-food chain account. I was there to ask about the latest campaign. But when I sat down, he wanted to talk about writing fiction. He spent hours meeting with clients and crafting slogans, but he dreamed to being a novelist instead. I remember thinking: Sure, you and everybody else. A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see the adman on TV, holding up his new book. James Patterson had morphed from advertising executive into best-selling author. He has since published more than 100 New York Times best sellers and co-authored books with the likes of Bill Clinton and Dolly Parton. “Maybe I was delusional (妄想的), but I never thought of myself as an advertising person,” he told me when I asked how he’d done it. “I always planned to be a writer. I hoped to be a writer. It was always in my head.” Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves.” It describes how people envision their futures: what they may become, or want to become, or even fear becoming. A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in reality. It can come to fruition “if you build a bridge from your now self to the possible self,” Dr. Markus said. If you’re regularly dreaming of a different career, enroll in a course, shadow someone. take up a hobby or a side job. But don’t quit your job just yet. An analysis of career-transition research concluded that successful reinventions require adjustments and re-evaluations as you go. Mr. Patterson, for example, wrote almost a dozen books while still at his ad agency; he found his style only after many tries. “We have a certain degree of difficulty in seeing our own” abilities, said Richard Tedeschi, a psychologist. An expert companion doesn’t have to be a therapist; it can be a supportive person who knows your strengths and weaknesses — and opens your eyes to potential selves you hadn’t considered. As you think through next steps, try looking toward dormant ties (people with whom you haven’t spoken in years) or weak ties (people you know only casually). Reams of research have found that whether you’re job hunting or seeking breakthrough advice, people in your larger network are more likely to help surface fresh ideas than those closest to you are. 1．What was the author’s initial attitude toward James Patterson’s dream of being a novelist? A．It is not mentioned in the passage. B．It is hard for the author to judge the likelihood. C．It is not difficult to achieve for him and everybody else. D．It is beyond imagination given his condition at that time. 2．Which of the following statements is true concerning possible selves? A．Our possible selves are not necessarily rooted in reality. B．Our possible selves can only be envisioned by ourselves. C．Our possible selves are crucial for us to realize our dreams. D．Our possible selves are always the positive version of ourselves. 3．How can we build a bridge from our “now” self to the possible-self according to the passage? A．We can find an expert companion to monitor our progress. B．We can take a course and learn from others’ successful experience. C．We can share our possible selves and long-term goals with friends. D．We can seek less inspiration from our weak ties than those close to us. 4．What does the author most want to tell us from the passage? A．An advertising executive can also be an excellent writer. B．Picturing a possible self is a key step to making a difference. C．Take action is the most important thing in realizing one’s cream. D．Addressing one’s shortcomings is vital for us to improve ourselves. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津南开中学·期末）Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth, through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation (认同) will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imaging how much time we lose every time we restrict our true selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliche (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 1．What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation? A．We should see through others’ attempt to make a prisoner of us B．We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us. C．We can never really please others even if we try as hard as we can. D．We should care about others’ view as much as they care about our own. 2．What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval? A．Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B．Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C．Our identity as social beings will be affected. D．Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 3．What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A．Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B．Our understanding of the workings of the world. C．Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D．Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 4．What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval? A．Enjoy a happier life. B．Exercise self-restriction. C．Receive more external validation. D．Strengthen our power of imagination. 5．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B．Base our worth on others’ opinions. C．See our experiences as resources. D．Love ourselves as we are. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津河西·期末） It is widely recognized that self-discipline gives us freedom. Those who can control themselves have the ability to make the best use of their time, thus lost in the joy of freedom while other people suffer from “painful self-discipline”, stuck in a difficult situation where they feel guilty for not being able to complete the missions on their never-ending to-do lists. But do these pains come from self-discipline? Not exactly. The people who are anxious about being so-called self-disciplined masters are actually missing the point of this virtue. It’s not a “the more the better” kind of thing. Rather, it’s the capability to find a complicated balance between work and entertainment, which enables you to work more efficiently and to take control of your life. Thus, there’s no need to push yourself too hard. As a self-disciplined student, I think I understand the key to easing the sometime painful learning process with all kinds of after-school activities. Self-discipline urges me to set aside adequate time for all of my required schoolwork and to efficiently finish it. What’s more, having a high learning efficiency means that if I am interested in a certain topic in my textbook or the knowledge of a specific field, I can spend more time exploring it in depth, while devoting myself to my own interests. However, each time the bell for the end of class rings, I’m always the first to grab the basketball and dash to the court to enjoy the thrill of a ball game with my friends until the sun sinks below the horizon. As I said, the real freedom to enjoy a wonderful life is based on self-discipline. And the final aim of self-discipline is to enjoy a wonderful life. Being self-disciplined is about doing the proper thing at the proper time. You have to push yourself under the guidance of self-discipline to achieve high efficiency in your daily routine. But don’t be too tough on yourself because unreasonable time management may drain you of the energy and passion you need to struggle on. Fit in adequate diversions from work within your carefully designed schedule, and I’m sure you can remove the obstacles that stand in your path to the ultimate freedom. 1．How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A．By giving an example. B．By making a comparison. C．By analyzing a reason. D．By presenting a result. 2．What can we know about self-disciplined students in Paragraph 3? A．They have great trouble casing the painful learning process. B．They can hardly spare time to finish their assignments. C．They can pursue their hobbies with high learning efficiency. D．They spend most time enjoying ball games with their friends. 3．What is the ultimate goal of self-discipline in the author ‘s view? A．To suffer mental pain. B．To enjoy a happy life. C．To manage time scientifically. D．To achieve high efficiency. 4．What does the underlined word “drain” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Exhaust. B．Increase. C．Provide. D．Preserve. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Self-discipline is the key to achieving high efficiency. B．People should be strict with themselves to be self-disciplined. C．The pursuit of self-discipline is a painful process. D．Self-discipline is about finding a balance and leading to real freedom. Passage 1 （23-24高二下·五区县·期末）We grow up with a mixed message: making mistakes is a necessary learning tool, but we should avoid them. And that’s a real shame. Because when we tell kids that learning is all about the results, we teach them that mistakes are something to be feared and avoided. We stifle (压制) their interest in experimenting because experimenting means you’re going to make a mess and fail. And that’s too big a risk. Here’s a fascinating experiment that shows how children absorb what we say about effort vs. results. One of professor Carol Dweck’s experiments asked 400 5th graders in New York City schools to take an easy short test, on which almost all performed well. Half the children were praised for “being really smart”. The other half were complimented for “having worked really hard”. Then the students were asked to take a second test and given the option of either choosing one that was pretty simple and that they would do well on, or one that was more challenging, but on which they might make mistakes. Of those students praised for effort, 90 percent chose the harder test. Of those praised for being smart, the majority chose the easy test. Professor Dweck told me: “One thing I’ve learned is that kids are exquisitely (敏锐地) familiar to the real message, and the real message is ‘Be smart’. It’s not’ We love it when you struggle or when you learn and make mistakes.’” One way we can fix this is by understanding the concepts of “fixed mindsets” and “growth mindsets”. Those with fixed mindsets believe either we’re good at something—whether it’s math or music or baseball—or we’re not. When we have this fixed mindset, mistakes serve no purpose but to highlight failure. Those with growth mindsets are much more likely to be able to accept mistakes because they know that they’re part of learning. And it’s been shown that when kids are taught about growth mindsets, their motivation to learn improves. 1．Why do children often avoid experimenting? A．They consider the process time-consuming. B．They are not interested in hands-on activities. C．They are afraid of making mistakes and failing. D．They prefer easy tasks over challenging ones. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? A．The children tested were totally successful. B．The students were involved in tests twice. C．The students were given the same choice. D．The children were not very sensitive to being smart. 3．What lesson can we learn from professor Carol Dweck’s experiment? A．Praise promotes children’s self-confidence. B．Keep children away from struggle and mistakes. C．Praise children for their devotion instead of their talent. D．Parents should give their children timely encouragement. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A guidebook to parenting. B．A report on the art of praise. C．A review of modern teaching. D．An introduction to a psychology book. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Is Making Mistakes a Challenging Process? B．Should Kids Be Praised for Efforts or Results? C．Is Making Mistakes a Bad Thing Among Kids? D．Should Kids Have Fixed Mindsets or Growth Mindsets? Passage 2 （23-24高二下·四校联考·期末）One of the most beneficial skills you can learn in life is how to consistently put yourself in a good position. But not everyone knows how we can create that foundation. Actually, the position you find yourself in today is the accumulation of the small choices that you’ve been making for years. If that’s the case, why doesn’t everyone make choices that will put them in a good position in the future? The ordinary choices that guarantee a strong future go unnoticed. Eating a chocolate bar right now won’t make you unhealthy, just as not eating it won’t make you healthy. Saving money today won’t make you rich, just as not saving it won’t make you poor. Reading a chapter of a great book today won’t solve your problems just as not reading it won’t make them worse. Not doing the obvious things that position you for future success— rarely hurts you right away. The small choices we make on a daily basis either work for us or go against us. Time strengthens what you feed it. On the first day, the difference between the choices that help us and the choices that hurt us isn’t noticeable. But as days turn into weeks, weeks into years, and years into decades, the small choices do create massively different results. Whenever this idea is brought up, people are quick to object, “But ... I do these things and I don’t get the results I want.” And it’s true; most of us make the right choices most of the time. But “most of the time” isn’t the same as “all of the time”. In the absence of immediate rewards, we can keep up the intensity for a while but most of us fail to last it long. It’s like we’re Sisyphus rolling a large rock up the hill, only to throw our hands halfway in the air due to tiredness and go home. When we showed up the next day, we saw the rock at the bottom of the hill and repeated the work. Not only did this spoil the progress but it made getting started even harder. When you look below the surface, giant leaps aren’t really giant leaps at all. They’re a series of ordinary choices that finally become obvious. If you look for the magic moment, you’ll miss how ordinary choices become extraordinary. 1．Why do ordinary choices tend to be overlooked according to Paragraph 2? A．They may harm people’s health. B．They only produce insignificant success. C．They fail to give immediate consequences. D．They are unable to guarantee a strong future. 2．What does the author mainly stress in Paragraph 3? A．The power of time. B．The difficulty in achieving success. C．The necessity of setting clear goals. D．The importance of thoughtful planning. 3．What may lead to some people’s failure according to Sisyphus’s story? A．A lack of perseverance. B．Insufficient preparations. C．Simply blind confidence. D．A shortage of cooperation. 4．What lesson does the text intend to show? A．No pains, no gains. B．Time heals everything. C．It’s never too late to act. D．Rome was not built in a day. 5．How is the text developed? A．In time order. B．In spatial(空间) order. C．By analyzing data. D．By giving examples. Passage 3 （22-23高二下·天津滨海新·期末）Personal growth doesn’t necessarily only happen when the conditions are perfect. Seeds tend to develop only when conditions are right. A seed will remain dormant (休眠) until moisture (湿度) and temperature are favorable for growth. Unfortunately, as humans, we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right. Sometimes you must cultivate (培育) personal growth and flower where you’re planted, often in spite of external circumstances. For much of my life, I let external circumstances control my happiness. If things weren’t going well, then I wasn’t well. I told myself that I would be happier if conditions were right. With this mindset, I gave myself permission to stay emotionally dormant. I was waiting for things around me to change before I would do the work to become a better version of myself. In other words. I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances. The problem with waiting for change outside of yourself is that you might have to wait a very long time, maybe even forever. And if you stay dormant while waiting, you aren’t growing. You’re simply stuck in place. You certainly aren’t becoming the better version of yourself that you want to be. If you want to engage in personal growth, like planting seeds, you have to do some work to make it happen. You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place. Start with pulling up your emotional weeds. Examine yourself and remove the pessimistic thoughts and behaviors that are holding you back. Then, work on the foundation that you have. Practice positive life habits that build your self-respect and happiness. Personal growth is something you can fight for. It may not come naturally, but when you develop this mindset, you will flower no matter where you’re planted. 1．What does the author intend to highlight in the first paragraph? A．The influence of external circumstances. B．The importance of personal effort in growth. C．The lack of perfect conditions for growth. D．The cost of waiting for the right conditions. 2．Which of the following affected the author’s growth most in the past? A．The positive life habits. B．The outside circumstances. C．The personal experiences. D．The will to improve himself. 3．Which one is incorrect based on the author’s perception of waiting? A．Waiting takes you a long time, even forever. B．Waiting is a form of stagnation. C．Waiting maybe stuck you in place. D．Waiting may make you more outstanding. 4．What does the author suggest you do to better yourself? A．Look for the right conditions. B．Get emotionally prepared for failures. C．Stop waiting and take action. D．Keep yourself pure through gardening. 5．What is the theme of this text? A．Happiness: You Are Your Own Master. B．Life Journey: Persevere Till Efforts Bear Fruits. C．Growth: Flower in Any Circumstances. D．Life Changes: The Chance Is in Your Possession. Passage 4 （22-23高二下·天津和平·期末）Do what you love, and you’ll never work another day in your life. We’ve heard that opinion countless times. But does it even ring true? In fact, I think it’s perfectly normal to love your job and simultaneously(同时发生的) recognize the fact that it’s hard work. That’s right! Sometimes you may feel stressed, overwhelmed or even tired out. It doesn’t mean that you’re in the wrong line of work. Think back to when you were a little kid. Do you remember what your answer was when people leaned forward and inquired about what you wanted to be when you grew up? Well, I always told people I wanted to be a bird. Having passions and interests is encouraged. But finding what you love is only half the equation. You need to be able to make a living doing it. Real-life pressures require us to pursue avenues that are able to provide us with a decent and comfortable standard of living. Work and play are two vastly different things. Work requires effort in order to pay the bills and put food on the table, whereas play is all about fun and enjoyment. If you’re lucky, you’ll be able to incorporate some of that joy and passion into your daily routine. But that definitely doesn’t mean that your entire career will be a walk in the park. Adding in that pressure and the expectation of payment is exactly what separates your job from everything else. Unlike fun, work isn’t always something that you want to do—it’s something that you need to do. And, chances are, when what you love turns into your job, you might not love it as much anymore. Pretty much every position comes along with at least a few demanding tasks or responsibilities that will simply never be enjoyable. Maybe you hate the quarterly board meeting. Perhaps you simply can’t stand filling out your monthly expense report. Whatever it is, there’s undoubtedly a certain aspect of your daily routine that makes you say, “Ugh.” But remember that loving your job is a wonderful thing. Loving your livelihood requires a great deal of effort. It’s pretty much human nature to enjoy the things we’re good at. And in order to be good at your position, you need to put in some elbow grease. Oftentimes, it’s not just the work that we love. It’s the reward and satisfaction we get after doing it well: And we all know that getting things done well involves exerting ourselves. It’s an ever-ending cycle. 1．Why does the author mention the childhood dream in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the importance of interests. B．To remind the good times of childhood. C．To make a comparison with a realistic career. D．To encourage people to stick to original dreams. 2．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 4? A．People’s daily routine of work. B．Some rules of the workplace. C．Tasks for different positions. D．The annoying part of work. 3．What does the underlined part “elbow grease” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hard work. B．Rich rewards. C．Personal interests. D．Good experiences. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The truth about work. B．The dangers of work. C．The necessity of work. D．The difficulty of work. Passage 5 （23-24高二下·部分区·期末）Richard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.” We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week — for followers of some religions — for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 1．What’s the function of the paragraph 1? A．To tell us that Richard lives a healthy life. B．To bring up the topic of the passage. C．To give us a brief introduction of Richard D．To tell Richard is a successful businessman. 2．The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”. A．a signal of stress B．a warning of danger C．a sign of age D．a spread of disease 3．According to Paragraph 3, a successful person is one who is believed to _______. A．be able to work without stress B．be more talented than other people C．be more important than anyone else D．be busying working without time to rest 4．According to the passage during the Sabbath, what we should do except _____. A．Praying for our family. B．Taking a good break. C．Only working for two hours. D．Enjoying delicious meal. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．We should balance work with rest. B．The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C．It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.” D．We should be available to our family and friends. Passage 6 （23-24高二下·红桥·期末）Should we focus on our goal, or on the process? What happened to Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, may provide us with the answer. She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race. “I just quickly let go of what happened in the 800m and got back to my routine, to focusing on all the little things I could do that would give me the best chance of running well later in the week,” she told New York Magazine. She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place in the 1500-meter race about a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of attaching herself to the goal of making the Olympic team, she concentrated on the process. There is a problem with setting goals. Researchers from Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania and Northwestern found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, unethical (不道德的) behavior and reduced motivation. Their results were published in a Harvard Business School report titled Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting. When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place. Another danger is actually completing the goal without setting a plan for what’s next. For example, some marathon runners experience what’s called the “post-race blues”. Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place. Dieters often experience this in what’s called “yo-yo dieting” when they drop down to a desired weight, but then gain all the weight back when they resume (重新开始) their bad habits. “After you set a goal, it’s best to shit your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut. Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. Amy Cuddy, a Harvard Business School psychology professor, wrote that focusing on this process “leaves you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome”. 1．Why is Brenda Martinez’s experience mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To show opportunity favors the prepared mind. B．To describe how important it is to set big goals. C．To suggest learning from failure can bring success. D．To show how focusing on the process can lead to success. 2．According to Paragraph 3, overemphasizing goals could bring about________. A．the use of unfair means B．ignoring the whole picture C．overestimating the setbacks D．being stressed by the risks involved 3．With the examples in Paragraph 4, the author intends to show that________. A．we can’t focus on the goal too much B．we must keep in mind why we set the goal C．we should resume our habits when completing the goal D．we should accept it is normal to feel down after success 4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Ways of judging a goal. B．Ways to set long-term goals. C．The best chance of achieving goals. D．Benefits of focusing on the process. 5．The author supports his view ________. A．by making a comparison B．by reasoning with examples C．by giving statistics D．by doing an experiment / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解之议论文 Passage 1 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C Passage 2 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B Passage 3 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D Passage 4 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D Passage 1 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C Passage 2 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．D Passage 3 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C Passage 4 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A Passage 5 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A Passage 6 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解之议论文 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津五区县·期末） As is known to everyone, the options we make have an effect on our future. Suppose I am an intelligent student with good marks. But on the other hand, being lazy, I do badly in my examinations. I am refused admission to university and cannot find a good job. The golden future I had imagined will never be. All these are all from a bad choice! However, your choices affect your future in a way that is a lot more complicated. This is because nearly all the choices you make affect your character. Your character is displayed through your choices, but it is also formed by them. No matter when you make a choice, your character changes or grows, or diminishes depending on whether the decision you made is wise or foolish. Your character is being made by you, bit by bit, choice by choice. And so, you become the sort of person who will make a certain kind of choice in a certain situation. Some will argue this is not true. After all, the field of human choice is a narrow one. Most of the things that form us in our lives are not subject to choice. We cannot choose when and where to be born, whether our families will be rich or poor, kind or cruel. We cannot even entirely control who we will meet in our lives. With so much that we cannot choose, how can we be said to be responsible for anything? There is some truth in this. We are thrown into life without any say over the matter, and have little control over most of it. However, we do have some power of choice, and we do control the most important thing of all: how we respond to circumstances. We can choose to keep struggling in hard times, or to give up. This ability to choose how we behave and respond is a great gift. It is our key to having confidence in the future. It is human nature to fear the future, as the future is unknown. You can’t entirely control what will happen to you tomorrow. But if you have confidence in your character, formed by years of making good choices, then you do know one thing for certain about the future: no matter what happens, you will make a choice that you will be proud of. At every moment, then, practise forming your character when you make your choices, no matter how small they are. Remember: your choices form your character. And your character determines your future. 1．What example does the author use to illustrate the impact of bad choices on the future?​ A．A student who fails to get into university due to laziness despite good academic potential.​ B．A person who can’t choose their birthplace and family background.​ C．Someone who gives up easily during hard times.​ D．An individual who is afraid of the unknown future.​ 2．What can we infer from the passage?​ A．We have no control over any aspect of our lives except making choices.​ B．Good character formed by making wise choices gives us confidence in the future.​ C．External factors like birthplace and family background have no impact on our life.​ D．Small choices in daily life don’t matter in shaping our character. 3．In the author’s opinion, what is the most important thing we can control in life?​ A．When and where to be born.​ B．Whether our families will be rich or poor.​ C．How we respond to different circumstances.​ D．Who we will meet in our lives. 4．According to the passage, why are our choices closely related to our future?​ A．Because choices directly decide our social status.​ B．Because choices can influence our character which determines our future.​ C．Because making choices helps us gain more control over external circumstances.​ D．Because every choice we make ensures a successful future. 5．What is the main idea of the passage?​ A．The ways to make good choices in different situations.​ B．The uncontrollable factors existing in our life.​ C．The significant relationship between our choices, character and future.​ D．The importance of having confidence in the future. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是人生选择、性格塑造与未来发展的密切关系，强调通过明智的选择培养优秀品格，以增强对未来的信心。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Suppose I am an intelligent student with good marks. But on the other hand, being lazy, I do badly in my examinations. I am refused admission to university and cannot find a good job. The golden future I had imagined will never be. All these are all from a bad choice!(假设我是一个聪明且成绩优异的学生。但另一方面，由于我过于懒惰，我在考试中表现不佳。我被大学拒绝录取，也找不到一份好工作。我所想象的美好未来将永远无法实现。这一切都源于一个错误的选择！)”可知，作者用“一个尽管有良好的学习潜力但因懒惰而未能考上大学的学生”来说明错误选择对未来的不良影响。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, your choices affect your future in a way that is a lot more complicated. This is because nearly all the choices you make affect your character. Your character is displayed through your choices, but it is also formed by them. No matter when you make a choice, your character changes or grows, or diminishes depending on whether the decision you made is wise or foolish. Your character is being made by you, bit by bit, choice by choice. And so, you become the sort of person who will make a certain kind of choice in a certain situation.(然而，你的选择对你的未来所产生的影响要复杂得多。这是因为你所做出的几乎每一个选择都会影响你的性格。你的性格通过你的选择得以展现，同时也由这些选择所塑造。无论何时做出选择，你的性格都会随着选择的变化而改变、成长或者衰退，这取决于你所做出的决定是明智还是愚蠢。你的性格是在你一点一滴的选择中逐渐形成的。因此，你会成为在特定情境下会做出某种特定选择的那种人)”以及倒数第二段“You can’t entirely control what will happen to you tomorrow. But if you have confidence in your character, formed by years of making good choices, then you do know one thing for certain about the future: no matter what happens, you will make a choice that you will be proud of.(你无法完全掌控明天会发生什么。但如果你对自己的性格充满信心，这种自信源自于多年来所做的正确选择，那么你就能够确切地知道关于未来的一件事：无论发生什么，你都会做出一个让自己感到自豪的选择)”可知，通过做出明智选择而形成的良好品质会让我们对未来充满信心。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, we do have some power of choice, and we do control the most important thing of all: how we respond to circumstances. We can choose to keep struggling in hard times, or to give up.(然而，我们确实拥有一定的选择权，并且我们确实能够掌控最重要的事情：我们如何应对各种情况。我们可以选择在艰难时期继续努力奋斗，也可以选择放弃)”可知，在作者看来，在生活中我们能够掌控的最重要的事情是如何应对不同的情况。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“At every moment, then, practise forming your character when you make your choices, no matter how small they are. Remember: your choices form your character. And your character determines your future.(所以，在每一个时刻，当你做出选择时，都要努力塑造自己的性格，哪怕这些选择看起来微不足道。要记住：你的选择塑造了你的性格。而你的性格决定了你的未来)”可知，我们的选择与我们的未来息息相关是因为选择能够影响我们的性格，而性格决定了我们的未来。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“At every moment, then, practise forming your character when you make your choices, no matter how small they are. Remember: your choices form your character. And your character determines your future.(所以，在每一个时刻，当你做出选择时，都要努力塑造自己的性格，哪怕这些选择看起来微不足道。要记住：你的选择塑造了你的性格。而你的性格决定了你的未来)”结合文章指出我们所做的选择可能会以一种复杂的方式影响你的未来，因为你的选择和性格相互影响，最终影响未来。论述了性格和选择之间相互影响相互作用的关系。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是我们的选择、性格与未来之间存在着重要的关联。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）Years ago, as a young business reporter, I interviewed an advertising executive who ran a fast-food chain account. I was there to ask about the latest campaign. But when I sat down, he wanted to talk about writing fiction. He spent hours meeting with clients and crafting slogans, but he dreamed to being a novelist instead. I remember thinking: Sure, you and everybody else. A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see the adman on TV, holding up his new book. James Patterson had morphed from advertising executive into best-selling author. He has since published more than 100 New York Times best sellers and co-authored books with the likes of Bill Clinton and Dolly Parton. “Maybe I was delusional (妄想的), but I never thought of myself as an advertising person,” he told me when I asked how he’d done it. “I always planned to be a writer. I hoped to be a writer. It was always in my head.” Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves.” It describes how people envision their futures: what they may become, or want to become, or even fear becoming. A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in reality. It can come to fruition “if you build a bridge from your now self to the possible self,” Dr. Markus said. If you’re regularly dreaming of a different career, enroll in a course, shadow someone. take up a hobby or a side job. But don’t quit your job just yet. An analysis of career-transition research concluded that successful reinventions require adjustments and re-evaluations as you go. Mr. Patterson, for example, wrote almost a dozen books while still at his ad agency; he found his style only after many tries. “We have a certain degree of difficulty in seeing our own” abilities, said Richard Tedeschi, a psychologist. An expert companion doesn’t have to be a therapist; it can be a supportive person who knows your strengths and weaknesses — and opens your eyes to potential selves you hadn’t considered. As you think through next steps, try looking toward dormant ties (people with whom you haven’t spoken in years) or weak ties (people you know only casually). Reams of research have found that whether you’re job hunting or seeking breakthrough advice, people in your larger network are more likely to help surface fresh ideas than those closest to you are. 1．What was the author’s initial attitude toward James Patterson’s dream of being a novelist? A．It is not mentioned in the passage. B．It is hard for the author to judge the likelihood. C．It is not difficult to achieve for him and everybody else. D．It is beyond imagination given his condition at that time. 2．Which of the following statements is true concerning possible selves? A．Our possible selves are not necessarily rooted in reality. B．Our possible selves can only be envisioned by ourselves. C．Our possible selves are crucial for us to realize our dreams. D．Our possible selves are always the positive version of ourselves. 3．How can we build a bridge from our “now” self to the possible-self according to the passage? A．We can find an expert companion to monitor our progress. B．We can take a course and learn from others’ successful experience. C．We can share our possible selves and long-term goals with friends. D．We can seek less inspiration from our weak ties than those close to us. 4．What does the author most want to tell us from the passage? A．An advertising executive can also be an excellent writer. B．Picturing a possible self is a key step to making a difference. C．Take action is the most important thing in realizing one’s cream. D．Addressing one’s shortcomings is vital for us to improve ourselves. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述广告主管James Patterson实现成为作家的梦想的故事，并由此引出“可能的自我”的概念，阐述其对个人转变的重要性。 【详解】42．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see the adman on TV, holding up his new book. (然而，大约十年后，我惊讶地看到这位广告人在电视上举起他的新书。)”可知，看到詹姆斯·帕特森在电视上举起他的新书，作者感到惊讶；由此可知，作者对詹姆斯·帕特森成为小说家的梦想最初的态是消极的，考虑到他当时的情况，这简直超出了想象。故选D项。 1．细节理解题。根据第六段关键句“A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in reality. (一个可能的自我可以让你超越白日梦，白日梦往往转瞬即逝，不一定植根于现实。)”可知，一个可能的自我不一定植根于现实。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段关键句“If you’re regularly dreaming of a different career, enroll in a course, shadow someone. (如果你经常梦想着不同的职业，那就报名参加一门课程，跟随某人。)”可知，如果你经常梦想着不同的职业，搭建一座从“现在”的自我到可能的自我的桥梁，可以报名参加一门课程，跟随某人的经验，由此可知，要想搭建一座从“现在”的自我到可能的自我的桥梁，我们可以上一门课，学习别人的成功经验。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段““Maybe I was delusional (妄想的), but I never thought of myself as an advertising person,” he told me when I asked how he’d done it. “I always planned to be a writer. I hoped to be a writer. It was always in my head.”(‘也许我是妄想，但我从来没有想过自己是一个广告人。’当我问他是如何做到这一点时，他告诉我：‘我一直计划成为一名作家。我希望成为一名作家。它一直在我的脑海里。’)”以及第五段关键句“Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves.”(帕特森先生将自己视为作家的能力说明了一个被称为‘可能的自我’的概念。)”可知，作者在文章通过Patterson的案例，介绍了“可能的自我”的概念，强调想象一个可能的自我可以帮助你改变现状，实现目标；由此可知，作者想告诉我们想象一个可能的自我是改变现状的关键一步。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津南开中学·期末）Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth, through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation (认同) will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imaging how much time we lose every time we restrict our true selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliche (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 1．What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation? A．We should see through others’ attempt to make a prisoner of us B．We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us. C．We can never really please others even if we try as hard as we can. D．We should care about others’ view as much as they care about our own. 2．What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval? A．Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B．Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C．Our identity as social beings will be affected. D．Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 3．What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A．Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B．Our understanding of the workings of the world. C．Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D．Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 4．What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval? A．Enjoy a happier life. B．Exercise self-restriction. C．Receive more external validation. D．Strengthen our power of imagination. 5．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B．Base our worth on others’ opinions. C．See our experiences as resources. D．Love ourselves as we are. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述过度在意他人看法的危害及原因，并鼓励读者摆脱这种依赖，通过自我肯定来增强自信和幸福感。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner. ” (老子曾经说过：“在意别人的想法，你将永远是别人的囚犯。”)”可推知，如果我们过于在意他人的看法，就无法真正获得自由。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People-pleasing, or seeking self- worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. (取悦他人，或通过他人的认可来寻求自我价值，是一种无成效且疲惫的生活方式。)”可知，如果我们将自我价值建立在别人的认可上，那么我们的生活就会变得无成效且疲惫不堪。故选B。 3．推理判断题，根据第三段中“We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. (我们需要明白，当我们迫切地想要别人认可我们的时候，这是由我们内心深处那个害怕被抛弃的小孩所驱使的。)”可知，我们渴望被喜欢或认可的原因是我们小时候害怕被抛弃。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. (当你变得更有能力为自己提供你所寻求的认可时，你对外界认可的需求就会消失，让你变得更强大，更自信，是的，更快乐。)”可知，当我们能够自己给自己提供所需的认可时，我们更能享受生活。故选A。 5．推理判断题，根据最后一段中“So embrace the cliche and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. (所以接受这句老话：爱你自己，因为你不会后悔的。)”可推知，作者在最后一段建议我们要接受并爱我们自己，不要总是依赖他人的看法来定义自己的价值。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津河西·期末） It is widely recognized that self-discipline gives us freedom. Those who can control themselves have the ability to make the best use of their time, thus lost in the joy of freedom while other people suffer from “painful self-discipline”, stuck in a difficult situation where they feel guilty for not being able to complete the missions on their never-ending to-do lists. But do these pains come from self-discipline? Not exactly. The people who are anxious about being so-called self-disciplined masters are actually missing the point of this virtue. It’s not a “the more the better” kind of thing. Rather, it’s the capability to find a complicated balance between work and entertainment, which enables you to work more efficiently and to take control of your life. Thus, there’s no need to push yourself too hard. As a self-disciplined student, I think I understand the key to easing the sometime painful learning process with all kinds of after-school activities. Self-discipline urges me to set aside adequate time for all of my required schoolwork and to efficiently finish it. What’s more, having a high learning efficiency means that if I am interested in a certain topic in my textbook or the knowledge of a specific field, I can spend more time exploring it in depth, while devoting myself to my own interests. However, each time the bell for the end of class rings, I’m always the first to grab the basketball and dash to the court to enjoy the thrill of a ball game with my friends until the sun sinks below the horizon. As I said, the real freedom to enjoy a wonderful life is based on self-discipline. And the final aim of self-discipline is to enjoy a wonderful life. Being self-disciplined is about doing the proper thing at the proper time. You have to push yourself under the guidance of self-discipline to achieve high efficiency in your daily routine. But don’t be too tough on yourself because unreasonable time management may drain you of the energy and passion you need to struggle on. Fit in adequate diversions from work within your carefully designed schedule, and I’m sure you can remove the obstacles that stand in your path to the ultimate freedom. 1．How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A．By giving an example. B．By making a comparison. C．By analyzing a reason. D．By presenting a result. 2．What can we know about self-disciplined students in Paragraph 3? A．They have great trouble casing the painful learning process. B．They can hardly spare time to finish their assignments. C．They can pursue their hobbies with high learning efficiency. D．They spend most time enjoying ball games with their friends. 3．What is the ultimate goal of self-discipline in the author ‘s view? A．To suffer mental pain. B．To enjoy a happy life. C．To manage time scientifically. D．To achieve high efficiency. 4．What does the underlined word “drain” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Exhaust. B．Increase. C．Provide. D．Preserve. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Self-discipline is the key to achieving high efficiency. B．People should be strict with themselves to be self-disciplined. C．The pursuit of self-discipline is a painful process. D．Self-discipline is about finding a balance and leading to real freedom. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是自律与自由之间的关系，以及如何通过自律实现真正的自由。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Those who can control themselves have the ability to make the best use of their time, thus lost in the joy of freedom while other people suffer from “painful self-discipline”, stuck in a difficult situation where they feel guilty for not being able to complete the missions on their never-ending to-do lists.(那些能控制自己的人有能力充分利用他们的时间，因此迷失在自由的喜悦中，而其他人则遭受“痛苦的自律”，陷入困境，因为他们无法完成没完没了的任务而感到内疚。)”可知，第一段是通过对比展开的，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Self-discipline urges me to set aside adequate time for all of my required schoolwork and to efficiently finish it.  What’s more, having a high learning efficiency means that if I am interested in a certain topic in my textbook or the knowledge of a specific field, I can spend more time exploring it in depth, while devoting myself to my own interests.(自律促使我为所有要求的作业留出足够的时间，并有效地完成它。更重要的是，学习效率高意味着如果我对教科书中的某个主题或某个领域的知识感兴趣，我可以花更多的时间深入探索，同时全身心地投入到自己的兴趣中。)”可知，自律的学生可以追求自己的爱好，学习效率高。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And the final aim of self-discipline is to enjoy a wonderful life.(自律的最终目的是享受美好的生活。)”可知，自律的最终目的是享受幸福的生活。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“unreasonable time management(不合理的时间管理)”和“of the energy and passion you need to struggle on(你所需要的继续拼搏的能量与激情)”可知，不合理的时间管理可能会耗尽你继续奋斗所需的能量和激情，drain的意思是“消耗”，和Exhaust意思相近，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“But do these pains come from self-discipline? Not exactly. The people who are anxious about being so-called self-disciplined masters are actually missing the point of this virtue. It’s not a “the more the better” kind of thing. Rather, it’s the capability to find a complicated balance between work and entertainment, which enables you to work more efficiently and to take control of your life. Thus, there’s no need to push yourself too hard.(但这些痛苦来自自律吗？不完全是。那些急于成为所谓自律大师的人，实际上没有抓住这种美德的要点。这并不是“越多越好”的事情。相反，它是一种在工作和娱乐之间找到复杂平衡的能力，它能让你更有效地工作，掌控你的生活。因此，没有必要把自己逼得太紧。)”可知，本文主要讲的是自律与自由之间的关系，以及如何通过自律实现真正的自由，因此主旨是D选项“Self-discipline is about finding a balance and leading to real freedom.(自律就是找到一种平衡，走向真正的自由。)”。故选D。 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·五区县·期末）We grow up with a mixed message: making mistakes is a necessary learning tool, but we should avoid them. And that’s a real shame. Because when we tell kids that learning is all about the results, we teach them that mistakes are something to be feared and avoided. We stifle (压制) their interest in experimenting because experimenting means you’re going to make a mess and fail. And that’s too big a risk. Here’s a fascinating experiment that shows how children absorb what we say about effort vs. results. One of professor Carol Dweck’s experiments asked 400 5th graders in New York City schools to take an easy short test, on which almost all performed well. Half the children were praised for “being really smart”. The other half were complimented for “having worked really hard”. Then the students were asked to take a second test and given the option of either choosing one that was pretty simple and that they would do well on, or one that was more challenging, but on which they might make mistakes. Of those students praised for effort, 90 percent chose the harder test. Of those praised for being smart, the majority chose the easy test. Professor Dweck told me: “One thing I’ve learned is that kids are exquisitely (敏锐地) familiar to the real message, and the real message is ‘Be smart’. It’s not’ We love it when you struggle or when you learn and make mistakes.’” One way we can fix this is by understanding the concepts of “fixed mindsets” and “growth mindsets”. Those with fixed mindsets believe either we’re good at something—whether it’s math or music or baseball—or we’re not. When we have this fixed mindset, mistakes serve no purpose but to highlight failure. Those with growth mindsets are much more likely to be able to accept mistakes because they know that they’re part of learning. And it’s been shown that when kids are taught about growth mindsets, their motivation to learn improves. 1．Why do children often avoid experimenting? A．They consider the process time-consuming. B．They are not interested in hands-on activities. C．They are afraid of making mistakes and failing. D．They prefer easy tasks over challenging ones. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? A．The children tested were totally successful. B．The students were involved in tests twice. C．The students were given the same choice. D．The children were not very sensitive to being smart. 3．What lesson can we learn from professor Carol Dweck’s experiment? A．Praise promotes children’s self-confidence. B．Keep children away from struggle and mistakes. C．Praise children for their devotion instead of their talent. D．Parents should give their children timely encouragement. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A guidebook to parenting. B．A report on the art of praise. C．A review of modern teaching. D．An introduction to a psychology book. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Is Making Mistakes a Challenging Process? B．Should Kids Be Praised for Efforts or Results? C．Is Making Mistakes a Bad Thing Among Kids? D．Should Kids Have Fixed Mindsets or Growth Mindsets? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者批判了普遍存在的避免犯错的教育观念，认为这种做法实际上阻碍了孩子们探索世界的勇气。文章提倡我们应该认识到并区分“固定思维”与“成长思维”两种心态。作者认为，培养成长型思维模式对于孩子们接受并利用错误作为学习过程的一部分至关重要，这不仅能帮助他们正确看待失败，还能激发他们的学习热情和动力。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because when we tell kids that learning is all about the results, we teach them that mistakes are something to be feared and avoided. We stifle (压制) their interest in experimenting because experimenting means you’re going to make a mess and fail. And that’s too big a risk.( 因为当我们告诉孩子们学习只关乎结果时，我们教会了他们犯错是应该害怕和避免的。我们压制了他们尝试新事物的兴趣，因为尝试意味着可能会搞得一团糟并失败。这风险太大了。)”可知，孩子在我们的教导下变得畏惧失败。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“One of professor Carol Dweck’s experiments asked 400 5th graders in New York City schools to take an easy short test, on which almost all performed well. Half the children were praised for “being really smart”. The other half were complimented for “having worked really hard”. Then the students were asked to take a second test and given the option of either choosing one that was pretty simple and that they would do well on, or one that was more challenging, but on which they might make mistakes.（卡罗尔·德维克教授的一项实验要求纽约市学校的400名五年级学生参加一项简单的短测试，几乎所有学生都表现得很好。一半的孩子因为“非常聪明”而受到表扬。另一半则因为“非常努力工作”而受到称赞。然后，学生们被要求参加第二次测试，并给了他们选择权：要么选择一项相当简单且他们能做得很好的测试，要么选择一项更具挑战性但可能会犯错的测试。）” 段落中提到了学生们首先参与了一个简单的测试，几乎所有学生都表现得很好。之后，他们被要求参加第二个测试，并且可以选择测试的难度。这表明学生们参与了两次测试。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Here’s a fascinating experiment that shows how children absorb what we say about effort vs. results. One of professor Carol Dweck’s experiments asked 400 5th graders in New York City schools to take an easy short test, on which almost all performed well. Half the children were praised for “being really smart”. The other half were complimented for “having worked really hard”. Then the students were asked to take a second test and given the option of either choosing one that was pretty simple and that they would do well on, or one that was more challenging, but on which they might make mistakes. Of those students praised for effort, 90 percent chose the harder test. Of those praised for being smart, the majority chose the easy test. Professor Dweck told me: “One thing I’ve learned is that kids are exquisitely (敏锐地) familiar to the real message, and the real message is ‘Be smart’. It’s not ‘We love it when you struggle or when you learn and make mistakes.’”(这里有一个有趣的实验，展示了孩子们是如何理解我们所说的努力和结果。卡罗尔·德维克教授的一项实验要求纽约市学校的400名五年级学生参加一项简单的短测试，几乎所有学生都表现得很好。一半的孩子因为“非常聪明”而受到表扬。另一半则因为“非常努力工作”而受到称赞。然后，学生们被要求参加第二次测试，并给了他们选择权：要么选择一项相当简单且他们能做得很好的测试，要么选择一项更具挑战性但可能会犯错的测试。在那些被表扬努力的学生中，90%的人选择了更难的测试。在那些被称赞聪明的人中，大多数人选择了简单的测试。德韦克教授告诉我：“我学到的一件事是，孩子们对真正的信息非常熟悉，而真正的信息是‘要聪明’。不是‘我们喜欢你奋斗，或者你学习和犯错’。”)” 90%的学生在得到努力的肯定后，选择了更具挑战性的测试；而那些被称赞为聪明的学生则倾向于选择容易的测试。这表明，孩子们更倾向于关注自己的智力而非努力过程。因此，表扬时应强调他们的努力和面对困难的勇气，而非仅仅称赞他们的聪明。故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文深入探讨了成长中孩子们面对的矛盾观念：一方面，我们被告知犯错是学习的一部分；另一方面，我们又被告知要尽量避免犯错。作者批判了这种只强调避免犯错的教育方式，认为它可能会阻碍孩子们探索和尝试新事物的意愿。文章中引用了Carol Dweck教授的研究，揭示了孩子们如何根据被表扬的内容——是因为他们聪明还是因为他们的努力——来选择不同难度的测试。作者提倡我们应该培养孩子们的成长型思维，理解犯错是学习过程的一部分，这样可以帮助他们更好地面对挑战和学习。因此本文最有可能选自一本与教育孩子相关的书籍。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We grow up with a mixed message: making mistakes is a necessary learning tool, but we should avoid them. And that’s a real shame. Because when we tell kids that learning is all about the results, we teach them that mistakes are something to be feared and avoided. We stifle (压制) their interest in experimenting because experimenting means you’re going to make a mess and fail. And that’s too big a risk.( 我们在成长过程中接收到了一个矛盾的信息：犯错是学习的必要工具，因为当我们告诉孩子们学习只关乎结果时，我们教会了他们犯错是应该害怕和避免的。我们压制了他们尝试新事物的兴趣，因为尝试意味着可能会搞得一团糟并失败。这风险太大了。)” 纵观全文，文章主要论述了犯错并不是一件坏事，我们应该鼓励孩子们不要害怕犯错，并且从错误中学习。因此，C项“Is Making Mistakes a Bad Thing Among Kids?（孩子犯错是件坏事吗？）”作为文章的标题，能够很好地概括文章的核心观点。这个标题直接提出了文章讨论的问题，并且暗示了作者将要给出的答案，即犯错并不是坏事，而是学习过程中的一个重要组成部分。同时，这个标题也激发了读者的好奇心，引导他们继续阅读文章以了解作者的观点和论据。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·四校联考·期末）One of the most beneficial skills you can learn in life is how to consistently put yourself in a good position. But not everyone knows how we can create that foundation. Actually, the position you find yourself in today is the accumulation of the small choices that you’ve been making for years. If that’s the case, why doesn’t everyone make choices that will put them in a good position in the future? The ordinary choices that guarantee a strong future go unnoticed. Eating a chocolate bar right now won’t make you unhealthy, just as not eating it won’t make you healthy. Saving money today won’t make you rich, just as not saving it won’t make you poor. Reading a chapter of a great book today won’t solve your problems just as not reading it won’t make them worse. Not doing the obvious things that position you for future success— rarely hurts you right away. The small choices we make on a daily basis either work for us or go against us. Time strengthens what you feed it. On the first day, the difference between the choices that help us and the choices that hurt us isn’t noticeable. But as days turn into weeks, weeks into years, and years into decades, the small choices do create massively different results. Whenever this idea is brought up, people are quick to object, “But ... I do these things and I don’t get the results I want.” And it’s true; most of us make the right choices most of the time. But “most of the time” isn’t the same as “all of the time”. In the absence of immediate rewards, we can keep up the intensity for a while but most of us fail to last it long. It’s like we’re Sisyphus rolling a large rock up the hill, only to throw our hands halfway in the air due to tiredness and go home. When we showed up the next day, we saw the rock at the bottom of the hill and repeated the work. Not only did this spoil the progress but it made getting started even harder. When you look below the surface, giant leaps aren’t really giant leaps at all. They’re a series of ordinary choices that finally become obvious. If you look for the magic moment, you’ll miss how ordinary choices become extraordinary. 1．Why do ordinary choices tend to be overlooked according to Paragraph 2? A．They may harm people’s health. B．They only produce insignificant success. C．They fail to give immediate consequences. D．They are unable to guarantee a strong future. 2．What does the author mainly stress in Paragraph 3? A．The power of time. B．The difficulty in achieving success. C．The necessity of setting clear goals. D．The importance of thoughtful planning. 3．What may lead to some people’s failure according to Sisyphus’s story? A．A lack of perseverance. B．Insufficient preparations. C．Simply blind confidence. D．A shortage of cooperation. 4．What lesson does the text intend to show? A．No pains, no gains. B．Time heals everything. C．It’s never too late to act. D．Rome was not built in a day. 5．How is the text developed? A．In time order. B．In spatial(空间) order. C．By analyzing data. D．By giving examples. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了积累的重要性。 1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The ordinary choices that guarantee a strong future go unnoticed. Eating a chocolate bar right now won’t make you unhealthy, just as not eating it won’t make you healthy. Saving money today won’t make you rich, just as not saving it won’t make you poor. Reading a chapter of a great book today won’t solve your problems just as not reading it won’t make them worse.(那些保证美好未来的普通选择被忽视了。现在吃巧克力棒不会让你不健康，就像不吃它不会让你健康一样。今天存钱不会让你变富，就像不存钱不会让人变穷一样。今天读一本好书的一章并不能解决你的问题，就像不读它不会让问题变得更糟一样。)”可推知，普通的选择往往被忽视，因为它们不能立即产生结果。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Not doing the obvious things that position you for future success— rarely hurts you right away. The small choices we make on a daily basis either work for us or go against us. Time strengthens what you feed it. On the first day, the difference between the choices that help us and the choices that hurt us isn’t noticeable. But as days turn into weeks, weeks into years, and years into decades, the small choices do create massively different results.(不做那些能让你为未来的成功做好准备的明显的事情——很少会立刻伤害你。我们每天做出的小选择要么对我们有利，要么对我们不利。时间会强化你为它提供的东西。在第一天，帮助我们的选择和伤害我们的选择之间的区别并不明显。但随着时间从几天变成几周，从几周变成几年，从几年变成几十年，小小的选择确实会产生截然不同的结果。)”可知，本段只要讲时间的力量，一个小的选择通过时间的沉淀，最后终究会产生结果。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“In the absence of immediate rewards, we can keep up the intensity for a while but most of us fail to last it long. It’s like we’re Sisyphus rolling a large rock up the hill, only to throw our hands halfway in the air due to tiredness and go home. When we showed up the next day, we saw the rock at the bottom of the hill and repeated the work. Not only did this spoil the progress but it made getting started even harder.(在没有即时回报的情况下，我们可以保持一段时间的强度，但我们大多数人都无法持久。这就像我们是西西弗斯把一块大石头滚上山，却因为疲劳而把手举到半空中，然后回家。当我们第二天出现时，我们看到了山脚下的岩石，并重复了这项工作。这不仅破坏了进度，而且使开始变得更加困难。)”可知，根据西西弗斯的故事，缺乏毅力可能会导致一些人的失败。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Time strengthens what you feed it. On the first day, the difference between the choices that help us and the choices that hurt us isn’t noticeable. But as days turn into weeks, weeks into years, and years into decades, the small choices do create massively different results.(时间会强化你喂它的东西。在第一天，帮助我们的选择和伤害我们的选择之间的区别并不明显。但随着时间从几天变成几周，从几周变成几年，从几年变成几十年，小小的选择确实会产生截然不同的结果。)”以及上下文可知，文章讲述了积累的重要性，一个小的选择通过时间的沉淀，最后终究会产生结果。所以D项Rome was not built in a day.(冰冻三尺非一日之寒。)符合语境。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Eating a chocolate bar right now won’t make you unhealthy, just as not eating it won’t make you healthy. Saving money today won’t make you rich, just as not saving it won’t make you poor. Reading a chapter of a great book today won’t solve your problems just as not reading it won’t make them worse.(现在吃巧克力棒不会让你不健康，就像不吃它不会让你健康一样。今天存钱不会让你变富，就像不存钱不会让人变穷一样。今天读一本好书的一章并不能解决你的问题，就像不读它不会让问题变得更糟一样。)”和第四段“It’s like we’re Sisyphus rolling a large rock up the hill, only to throw our hands halfway in the air due to tiredness and go home. When we showed up the next day, we saw the rock at the bottom of the hill and repeated the work. (这就像我们是西西弗斯把一块大石头滚上山，却因为疲劳而把手举到半空中，然后回家。当我们第二天出现时，我们看到了山脚下的岩石，并重复了这项工作。)”可知，文章主要通过举例来展开文章，论证了了积累的重要性。故选D项。 Passage 3 （22-23高二下·天津滨海新·期末）Personal growth doesn’t necessarily only happen when the conditions are perfect. Seeds tend to develop only when conditions are right. A seed will remain dormant (休眠) until moisture (湿度) and temperature are favorable for growth. Unfortunately, as humans, we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right. Sometimes you must cultivate (培育) personal growth and flower where you’re planted, often in spite of external circumstances. For much of my life, I let external circumstances control my happiness. If things weren’t going well, then I wasn’t well. I told myself that I would be happier if conditions were right. With this mindset, I gave myself permission to stay emotionally dormant. I was waiting for things around me to change before I would do the work to become a better version of myself. In other words. I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances. The problem with waiting for change outside of yourself is that you might have to wait a very long time, maybe even forever. And if you stay dormant while waiting, you aren’t growing. You’re simply stuck in place. You certainly aren’t becoming the better version of yourself that you want to be. If you want to engage in personal growth, like planting seeds, you have to do some work to make it happen. You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place. Start with pulling up your emotional weeds. Examine yourself and remove the pessimistic thoughts and behaviors that are holding you back. Then, work on the foundation that you have. Practice positive life habits that build your self-respect and happiness. Personal growth is something you can fight for. It may not come naturally, but when you develop this mindset, you will flower no matter where you’re planted. 1．What does the author intend to highlight in the first paragraph? A．The influence of external circumstances. B．The importance of personal effort in growth. C．The lack of perfect conditions for growth. D．The cost of waiting for the right conditions. 2．Which of the following affected the author’s growth most in the past? A．The positive life habits. B．The outside circumstances. C．The personal experiences. D．The will to improve himself. 3．Which one is incorrect based on the author’s perception of waiting? A．Waiting takes you a long time, even forever. B．Waiting is a form of stagnation. C．Waiting maybe stuck you in place. D．Waiting may make you more outstanding. 4．What does the author suggest you do to better yourself? A．Look for the right conditions. B．Get emotionally prepared for failures. C．Stop waiting and take action. D．Keep yourself pure through gardening. 5．What is the theme of this text? A．Happiness: You Are Your Own Master. B．Life Journey: Persevere Till Efforts Bear Fruits. C．Growth: Flower in Any Circumstances. D．Life Changes: The Chance Is in Your Possession. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过自身经历告诉我们一个人的成长与其等着外部环境的改变不如改变自己，主动成长。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Unfortunately, as humans, we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right. Sometimes you must cultivate (培育) personal growth and flower where you’re planted, often in spite of external circumstances. (不幸的是，作为人类，我们并不总能在条件合适的时候生长。有时候，你必须培养自己的成长，在你种下的地方开花，通常是不管外部环境如何。)”可知，作者认为我们并不总能在条件适合的时候生长，所以，我们必须培养自己的成长。由此可知，作者在第一段中强调了个人努力在成长中的重要性。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For much of my life, I let external circumstances control my happiness. If things weren’t going well, then I wasn’t well. I told myself that I would be happier if conditions were right. With this mindset, I gave myself permission to stay emotionally dormant. I was waiting for things around me to change before I would do the work to become a better version of myself. In other words. I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances. (在我生命中的大部分时间里，我让外部环境控制了我的幸福。如果事情进展不顺利，那我也不太好。我告诉自己，如果条件合适，我会更快乐。带着这种心态，我允许自己保持情绪休眠。在我努力成为更好的自己之前，我一直在等待周围的事物发生变化。换句话说。我的个人成长取决于外部环境。)”可知，作者曾经认为外部的环境最会影响自己的个人成长。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The problem with waiting for change outside of yourself is that you might have to wait a very long time, maybe even forever. And if you stay dormant while waiting, you aren’t growing. You’re simply stuck in place. You certainly aren’t becoming the better version of yourself that you want to be.(等待外界改变的问题是，你可能要等很长时间，甚至可能永远等不下去。如果你在等待的时候处于休眠状态，你就不会成长。你只是被困在原地。你当然没有成为你想成为的更好的自己。)”可知，在作者看来，等待会花费你很长时间，甚至是永远；而你也不会得到成长，等待只会将你困在原地。由此可知，选项D“Waiting may make you more outstanding.(等待会让你更出色。)”不是作者对等待的看法。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“If you want to engage in personal growth, like planting seeds, you have to do some work to make it happen. You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place. Start with pulling up your emotional weeds. Examine yourself and remove the pessimistic thoughts and behaviors that are holding you back. Then, work on the foundation that you have. Practice positive life habits that build your self-respect and happiness.(如果你想从事个人成长，就像播种一样，你必须做一些工作来实现它。你不能坐等一切都井井有条。从拔除你的情绪杂草开始。审视自己，去除那些阻碍你前进的悲观想法和行为。然后，在你已有的基础上工作。实践积极的生活习惯，建立你的自尊和幸福。)”可知，作者认为如果想要成为更好的自己，我们不能坐等一切，反而应该立即采取行动，从而实现个人成长。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Unfortunately, as humans, we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right. Sometimes you must cultivate (培育) personal growth and flower where you’re planted, often in spite of external circumstances.(不幸的是，作为人类，我们并不总能在条件合适的时候生长。有时候，你必须培养自己的成长，在你种下的地方开花，通常是不管外部环境如何。)”以及最后一段“Personal growth is something you can fight for. It may not come naturally, but when you develop this mindset, you will flower no matter where you’re planted.(个人成长是你可以为之奋斗的。这可能不是自然而然的，但当你培养了这种心态，无论你在哪里种植，你都会开花。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是个人的成长不能总依赖外部环境，更主要的是个人自己的努力。只有这样，不管我们被种植在哪儿，我们都会开花。故选C。 Passage 4 （22-23高二下·天津和平·期末）Do what you love, and you’ll never work another day in your life. We’ve heard that opinion countless times. But does it even ring true? In fact, I think it’s perfectly normal to love your job and simultaneously(同时发生的) recognize the fact that it’s hard work. That’s right! Sometimes you may feel stressed, overwhelmed or even tired out. It doesn’t mean that you’re in the wrong line of work. Think back to when you were a little kid. Do you remember what your answer was when people leaned forward and inquired about what you wanted to be when you grew up? Well, I always told people I wanted to be a bird. Having passions and interests is encouraged. But finding what you love is only half the equation. You need to be able to make a living doing it. Real-life pressures require us to pursue avenues that are able to provide us with a decent and comfortable standard of living. Work and play are two vastly different things. Work requires effort in order to pay the bills and put food on the table, whereas play is all about fun and enjoyment. If you’re lucky, you’ll be able to incorporate some of that joy and passion into your daily routine. But that definitely doesn’t mean that your entire career will be a walk in the park. Adding in that pressure and the expectation of payment is exactly what separates your job from everything else. Unlike fun, work isn’t always something that you want to do—it’s something that you need to do. And, chances are, when what you love turns into your job, you might not love it as much anymore. Pretty much every position comes along with at least a few demanding tasks or responsibilities that will simply never be enjoyable. Maybe you hate the quarterly board meeting. Perhaps you simply can’t stand filling out your monthly expense report. Whatever it is, there’s undoubtedly a certain aspect of your daily routine that makes you say, “Ugh.” But remember that loving your job is a wonderful thing. Loving your livelihood requires a great deal of effort. It’s pretty much human nature to enjoy the things we’re good at. And in order to be good at your position, you need to put in some elbow grease. Oftentimes, it’s not just the work that we love. It’s the reward and satisfaction we get after doing it well: And we all know that getting things done well involves exerting ourselves. It’s an ever-ending cycle. 1．Why does the author mention the childhood dream in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the importance of interests. B．To remind the good times of childhood. C．To make a comparison with a realistic career. D．To encourage people to stick to original dreams. 2．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 4? A．People’s daily routine of work. B．Some rules of the workplace. C．Tasks for different positions. D．The annoying part of work. 3．What does the underlined part “elbow grease” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hard work. B．Rich rewards. C．Personal interests. D．Good experiences. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The truth about work. B．The dangers of work. C．The necessity of work. D．The difficulty of work. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了工作的真谛。作者认为我们热爱的不仅仅是工作，还有可能是把事情做好后得到的奖励和满足。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Having passions and interests is encouraged. But finding what you love is only half the equation. You need to be able to make a living doing it. Real-life pressures require us to pursue avenues that are able to provide us with a decent and comfortable standard of living.(鼓励有激情和兴趣。但是找到你喜欢的东西只是这个等式的一半。你需要能够以此谋生。现实生活的压力要求我们追求能够为我们提供体面和舒适生活水平的途径。)”可知，文章第二段提到童年的梦想是为了把梦想和现实中的工作进行比较。现实生活的压力要求我们追求能够为我们提供体面和舒适生活水平的途径。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Pretty much every position comes along with at least a few demanding tasks or responsibilities that will simply never be enjoyable. Maybe you hate the quarterly board meeting. Perhaps you simply can’t stand filling out your monthly expense report. (几乎每个职位都至少有一些艰巨的任务或责任，这些任务或责任永远不会让人愉快。也许你讨厌季度董事会。也许你只是无法忍受填写每月的费用报表。)”可知，第四段主要讲述的是工作中令人不喜欢的部分。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Loving your livelihood requires a great deal of effort. It’s pretty much human nature to enjoy the things we’re good at.(热爱你的生活需要付出很大的努力。享受我们擅长的事情是人类的本性。)”可知，如果想要表现好，我们需要付出的是努力。选项A“Hard work. (努力工作)；选项B“Rich rewards. (丰厚的报酬)”；选项C“Personal interests. (个人兴趣)”；选项D“Good experiences. (良好的经历)”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Do what you love, and you’ll never work another day in your life. We’ve heard that opinion countless times. But does it even ring true? In fact, I think it’s perfectly normal to love your job and simultaneously(同时发生的) recognize the fact that it’s hard work.(做你喜欢做的事，你这辈子就不用再工作了。这种观点我们已经听过无数次了。但这听起来是真的吗?事实上，我认为既热爱自己的工作，同时又意识到这份工作很辛苦，这是很正常的。)”以及最后一段“But remember that loving your job is a wonderful thing. Loving your livelihood requires a great deal of effort. It’s pretty much human nature to enjoy the things we’re good at.(但请记住，热爱你的工作是一件美妙的事情。热爱你的生活需要付出很大的努力。享受我们擅长的事情是人类的本性。)”，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了关于工作的一些事实真相。故选A。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·部分区·期末）Richard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.” We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week — for followers of some religions — for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 1．What’s the function of the paragraph 1? A．To tell us that Richard lives a healthy life. B．To bring up the topic of the passage. C．To give us a brief introduction of Richard D．To tell Richard is a successful businessman. 2．The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”. A．a signal of stress B．a warning of danger C．a sign of age D．a spread of disease 3．According to Paragraph 3, a successful person is one who is believed to _______. A．be able to work without stress B．be more talented than other people C．be more important than anyone else D．be busying working without time to rest 4．According to the passage during the Sabbath, what we should do except _____. A．Praying for our family. B．Taking a good break. C．Only working for two hours. D．Enjoying delicious meal. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．We should balance work with rest. B．The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C．It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.” D．We should be available to our family and friends. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在现代生活中，我们已经失去了工作与休息之间的节奏，没有意识到休息是精神上和心理上的需要，我们应该平衡生活和休息，不会休息的人就不会工作。 【详解】1．推理判断题。由第一段“Richard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. (理查德是一位非常成功的商人。他经常不停地努力工作。直到有一天早上睡过头，他才意识到自己可能会精疲力竭或早逝，这是一种警钟。然后发生了什么？他请了一周假，其间他读小说、听音乐，并和妻子在海滩上散步，这使理查德得以再次回到工作岗位)”可知，第一段讲述了一个成功的商人理查德不间断地工作直到累到早晨没有按时醒来，才意识到自己的问题，于是离开工作去休假，结合第二段中的“In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. (在现代生活中，我们已经失去了行动和休息之间的节奏)”提出了本文的主题：人们只工作，不会休息，因此推断第一段的作用是引出文章的话题。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。由第一段中的“He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. (直到有一天早上睡过头，他才意识到自己可能会精疲力竭或早逝，这是一种alarm。然后发生了什么？他请了一周假，其间他读小说、听音乐，并和妻子在海滩上散步，这使理查德得以再次回到工作岗位)”可知，理查德没有意识到自己会疲惫，或者会早逝，直到有一天睡过了头，which指代上文的内容，因此推断这次睡过头是一个危险的警告，提醒了理查德应该去休假，alarm指的是“危险的警告”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由第三段中的“The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life. (我们越忙，我们自己看来似乎我们就越重要，我们认为，对别人也一样。没有时间陪朋友和家人，没有时间放松——这已经成为成功生活的典范)”可知，一个成功的人被认为是一个忙于工作没时间休息的人。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。由倒徵第二段中的“It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. (这是一个我们不应该工作的日子，一个我们全神贯注于享受和庆祝美好事物的日子。这是一个祝福我们的孩子和亲人、感恩、分享食物、散步和睡觉的好时机。这是我们休息的时候，把我们的工作放在一边，相信有更大的力量在工作，照顾世界)”可知，在休息日，我们应该为家人祈祷，好好休息，享受美食，不应该工作，C项“只工作两小时”不应该做。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。由第四段“Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing is with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. (因为我们不休息，我们就会迷失方向。我们想念导游告诉我们该去哪里，食物给我们力量，安静给我们智慧)”和最后一段中的“Rest is s spiritual and biological need (休息是精神和生理上的需要)”及“In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. (事实上，“记住安息日”不仅仅是允许你休息；它是要遵守的规则，是要遵循的原则)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了不要只是记住工作，也要学会休息，要平衡工作和休息。故选A项。 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·红桥·期末）Should we focus on our goal, or on the process? What happened to Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, may provide us with the answer. She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race. “I just quickly let go of what happened in the 800m and got back to my routine, to focusing on all the little things I could do that would give me the best chance of running well later in the week,” she told New York Magazine. She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place in the 1500-meter race about a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of attaching herself to the goal of making the Olympic team, she concentrated on the process. There is a problem with setting goals. Researchers from Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania and Northwestern found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, unethical (不道德的) behavior and reduced motivation. Their results were published in a Harvard Business School report titled Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting. When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place. Another danger is actually completing the goal without setting a plan for what’s next. For example, some marathon runners experience what’s called the “post-race blues”. Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place. Dieters often experience this in what’s called “yo-yo dieting” when they drop down to a desired weight, but then gain all the weight back when they resume (重新开始) their bad habits. “After you set a goal, it’s best to shit your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut. Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. Amy Cuddy, a Harvard Business School psychology professor, wrote that focusing on this process “leaves you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome”. 1．Why is Brenda Martinez’s experience mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To show opportunity favors the prepared mind. B．To describe how important it is to set big goals. C．To suggest learning from failure can bring success. D．To show how focusing on the process can lead to success. 2．According to Paragraph 3, overemphasizing goals could bring about________. A．the use of unfair means B．ignoring the whole picture C．overestimating the setbacks D．being stressed by the risks involved 3．With the examples in Paragraph 4, the author intends to show that________. A．we can’t focus on the goal too much B．we must keep in mind why we set the goal C．we should resume our habits when completing the goal D．we should accept it is normal to feel down after success 4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Ways of judging a goal. B．Ways to set long-term goals. C．The best chance of achieving goals. D．Benefits of focusing on the process. 5．The author supports his view ________. A．by making a comparison B．by reasoning with examples C．by giving statistics D．by doing an experiment 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要表达了作者的观点，在我们做一件事情时，不要过分专注于目标，而要更多的专注于实现目标的过程。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race.”（她在800米赛跑中失去平衡，没有获得奥运会参赛资格。她没有把注意力集中在失败上，而是准备在下一场比赛中获胜。）和“She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place in the 1500-meter race about a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of attaching herself to the goal of making the Olympic team, she concentrated on the process.”（她说，正是这种心态让她在大约一周后的1500米赛跑中获得了第三名，获得了里约奥运会的参赛资格。她没有执着于成为奥运代表队的目标，而是专注于这个过程。）可知，Brenda Martinez在比赛中并没有执着于目标，而是专注于过程，虽然在800米赛跑中失败了，但这种心态让她在1500米赛跑中获得了第三名，获得了里约奥运会的参赛资格。由此可知，第2段中提到Brenda Martinez的经历是为了展示专注于过程是如何让人走向成功的。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“There is a problem with setting goals. Researchers from Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania and Northwestern found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, unethical (不道德的) behavior and reduced motivation.”（设定目标有一个问题。哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大学和西北大学的研究人员发现，过分强调基于可衡量结果的目标往往会导致冒险、不道德的行为和减少动力。）可知，研究人员认为，过分强调目标往往会导致冒险和不道德的行为，使用不公平的手段正是不道德的行为的一个例子。由此可推断出，根据第3段内容可知，过分强调目标可能导致使用不公平的手段。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place.”（当你过于专注于实现目标时，你可能会忘记当初想要实现目标的初衷。）和“Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place.”（实现你的目标可能会让你放弃当初让你达到目标的好习惯。）可知，在第四段中，作者里列举了马拉松运动员和节食者的例子，告诉我们过于专注于实现目标，可能会让我们忘记实现目标的初衷，放弃当初让你达到目标的好习惯，事实上，我们应该记得设定目标的初衷并保持这些好习惯。由此可知，通过第4段中的例子，作者打算表明，我们必须牢记我们为什么设定一个目标。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容““After you set a goal, it’s best to shit your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut.”（专栏作家Brad Stulberg在网站the Cut上写道：“设定目标后，最好将注意力从目标本身转移到给你实现目标最好机会的过程上，并根据你完成这一过程的程度来判断自己。”）和最后一段关键句“Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals.”（最终，把你的注意力从目标转移到过程中，会使你在实现长期目标的道路上取得小小的胜利。）可知，在最后两段中，作者引用了专栏作家Brad Stulberg和哈佛商学院心理学教授Amy Cuddy的话，告诉我们把你的注意力从目标转移到过程中，有利于你实现长期目标。由此可知，最后两段主要讲了关注过程的好处。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals.”（最终，把你的注意力从目标转移到过程中，会使你在实现长期目标的道路上取得小小的胜利。）可知，作者认为，我们应该把注意力从目标转移到过程中。为了论证自己的观点，作者在第二段中列举了赛跑运动员Brenda Martinez的例子，告诉我们专注于过程可以让人走向成功；在第四段中列举了马拉松运动员和节食者的例子，告诉我们过于专注于实现目标的危害。由此可推断出，作者通过举例说明来支持他的观点。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $