专题06 阅读理解之说明文（期末真题汇编，天津专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选天津多区县及重点中学高二下期末说明文阅读真题，聚焦科技前沿（如远程医疗、机器人技术）、社会热点（数字孤独、工作狂现象）、文化传承（萨那泥建筑）等主题，适配期末复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|每篇5题，共13篇|细节理解（如工作狂非工作时状态）、主旨大意（如远程医疗利弊）、推理判断（如泥浆建筑环保价值）、词义猜测（如“superficial”“ominous”）、态度观点（如作者对努力工作的看法）|情境贴近现实（2025旅行趋势、数字 detox），问题设计呈梯度（基础细节到高阶推理，如“幸福悖论”实验结论推断），素材兼具思想性（文化差异与职场策略）与科学性（神经认知研究）|

专题06 阅读理解之说明文 Passage 1 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D Passage 2 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A Passage 3 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C Passage 4 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D Passage 5 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C Passage 6 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A Passage 7 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C Passage 8 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 1 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B Passage 2 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D Passage 3 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A Passage 4 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C Passage 5 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C Passage 6 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D Passage 7 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A Passage 8 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B Passage 9 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解之说明文 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津河东·期末） Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics (工作狂). What are some characteristics of workaholics? How could a person tell that he/ she is a workaholic? A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’ re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’ re up; when work is going less well, they’ re down. Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working — or doing something to promote their work — they feel anxious and guilty. There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit (追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising,since if you’re married to your work it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else.There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self. However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a resolution. 1．What can we learn from the text? A．Work has stronger effects on workaholics than on others. B．Hard-working people enjoy bester health than other people do. C．Workaholics work to build better relationships. D．Workaholics care more about their hdalth than others do. 2．When workaholics are not busy working, they ________. A．promote their work B．form a bad habit easily C．feel uneasy and insecure D．have a chance to prove their own value 3．What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A．Bad influences of workaholism. B．Different patterns of workaholics. C．How people deal with their addictions. D．How hard-working people differ from workaholics. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards working hard? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Curious. 5．What can we do to help a workaholic in life? A．Force him to join family activities. B．Reward him for his hard work. C．Help him find self worth and confidence. D．Try to be understanding and supporting. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津河北·期末） When you go to a vending machine (自动售卖机), you typically expect to see snacks and soft drinks. But Lauren Woods, a local author, is planning to launch one filled with books. Lauren Woods recently started a Kickstarter campaign to fund the project, which would feature an ever-updating selection of works by local authors from the Washington, D．C． area. “Vending machines that sell comic books and novels are common in Japan and some European countries,” Woods says, “but in the U. S. they’re only seen in some libraries — in those cases, they tend to operate using free tokens (代用券) that people exchange for books.” Woods’ model would operate like a bookstore: She’d buy the books from authors and publishers at wholesale (批发的) prices and retail them at a markup, using some of her profits to maintain the project. “I was really shocked to see that in the U. S. almost all of the vending machines I’ve come across are for kids,” says Woods. “It’s almost like people don’t expect adults to read or want to read.” Her goal is to “overturn that model” and have some kids’ books, but mostly target the selection at adults. “I think that people are really tired of looking through their phones,” she adds. “By launching this project, we can change some habits and sell more books by D．C． authors.” With her husband, she hosts a monthly salon (沙龙) for local writers who want to present and read their material. Some of these authors have described the struggle of getting their work placed at bookstores. “This could be a platform to discover new authors who might be living right next to you,” Woods says, “and also highlight some of the incredible literary talent that’s right here in Washington.” 1．What is unique about Woods’ vending machine? A．It is placed in popular libraries. B．It offers food along with books. C．It focuses on local literary works. D．It allows readers to supply books. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about book vending machines? A．They are rare in U. S. libraries. B．They all operate using tokens in the U. S. C．They are a new trend in some European countries. D．They are more common in Japan than in the U. S. 3．What does the underlined part “retail them at a markup” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Wrap them up once again. B．Distribute them to libraries. C．Sell them at a higher price. D．Exchange them for more tokens. 4．What is the goal of Woods’ project? A．To promote kids’ passion for reading. B．To make literature easily accessible to adults. C．To discourage the habit of using phones constantly. D．To boost the sales of educational reading materials. 5．What is the role of the monthly salon? A．A space for writers to talk about their works. B．A ceremony to award incredible new authors. C．A place to select books for the local libraries. D．A meeting for writers and bookstore representatives. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津河北·期末） Being able to find high quality health care at an affordable price is a problem to be solved in many countries. In the United States, Walmart, a large chain store, is trying to help. It is offering something new to its employees: cutting the cost of a doctor’s appointment to only $4 instead of the usual $40 for the same service. It is an online service called “telemedicine.” Walmart is the latest major business in the United States to push its workers toward a high-tech way to be examined and treated by doctors. Thanks to telemedicine, people can talk with medical experts from the privacy of their own homes, often using a secure video connection. Supporters say online visits make it easier for patients to see an expert or quickly find help for problems considered non-emergencies. Some healthcare needs are well-suited for telemedicine. It can help people seeking treatment for insect bites or skin conditions. Patients who have had medical treatments and cannot move around easily can use telemedicine for their follow-up visits. Also, people seeking help for mental health issues can benefit from the privacy that telemedicine gives. But still, many people do not use telemedicine, they continue to go to the doctor`s office when they are sick. 80 percent of middle-size and large U. S. companies offered telemedicine services to their workers in 2018. However, only 8 percent of its employees used telemedicine at least once a year. Compared with seeing a real doctor in person, some people may think the quality of telemedicine is not as good. Parents, for example, may feel they are not giving their child the best care if they use a virtual doctor appointment. Older adults may look forward to their in-person doctor appointments. For them, going to the doctor’s office is a big event. Another reason some adults may not use telemedicine services is trust. Tom Hill, aged 66, says he has no plans to ever use telemedicine. He does not buy anything online, let alone do something as personal as seeing a doctor. He says, for him, it is important to look his doctor in the eye and shake hands. However, for some people, especially young people and busy students, telemedicine might be a good choice. It can cut down on the time away from work. It can also cut down on the cost of doctor visits. 1．What is the main purpose of Walmart’s telemedicine service? A．To promote video conferencing technology. B．To reduce the cost of doctor visits for employees. C．To provide free medical services to all employees. D．To help employees reduce time spent on medical appointments. 2．What is true about “telemedicine”? A．It aims to replace all in-person doctor visits. B．It enables patients to see doctors at home for free. C．It has become very popular in America since 2018. D．It makes it easier to see a doctor for non-emergency problems. 3．Which statement reflects Tom Hill’s attitude toward telemedicine? A．He prefers online services for non-emergency issues. B．He believes it is convenient for busy professionals. C．He distrusts it and prefers face-to-face interaction. D．He thinks it is the future of healthcare. 4．Who is most likely to apply “telemedicine”? A．Jenny, a shy woman who suffers from mental illness. B．Smith, a grandpa who has been bitten by a running dog. C．Kate, a mother whose kid is suffering from a skin disease. D．Wilson, a worker who got seriously injured in a car accident. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advertise Walmart’s new telemedicine service. B．To compare the quality of in-person and online medical care. C．To discuss the benefits and challenges of telemedicine adoption. D．To argue that telemedicine should replace traditional healthcare. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·耀华中学·期末） In the ancient walled city of Sana’a, mud skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. “As an outstanding example of architecture reflecting the spatial (空间的) characteristics of the early years, the city in its landscape has an extraordinary artistic quality,” UNESCO writes in its description of Sana’a. “The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship (工艺) in the use of local materials and techniques.” Even though the buildings in Sana’a are thousands of years old, the ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private houses. It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation. Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes? The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn. The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable, she says. “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials.” An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise. Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, buildings in Sana’a are “unique” because   . A．they are tall and tower over the entire city B．their geometric patterns create artistic feelings C．they are beautifully crafted with local resources D．their fascinating history has attracted many tourists 2．Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage? A．They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events. B．They can be ideal for sustainable construction of the future. C．They might produce a lot of greenhouse gas emissions. D．They might cause substantial temperature changes. 3．It can be inferred from the passage that________. A．mud might be an important solution to the climate crisis B．the mud buildings in Sana’a are no longer suitable to live C．rebuilding mud construction would take great efforts D．mud has become the favourite material of architects 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards raw-earth construction in the building industry? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 5．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Historic Cities Mark Human Civilization B．Construction Industry Threaten Climate Goals C．Modern Architecture Survive Extreme Weather D．Ancient Material Make for Future House Designs Passage 5 （24-25高二下·耀华中学·期末） In an era where digital connectivity has reached unexceptional levels, a paradoxical (矛盾的) phenomenon has emerged: the more technologically interconnected society becomes, the more socially isolated individuals feel. Studies indicate that despite the expansion of social media platforms, messaging apps, and virtual communication tools, loneliness and mental health issues are on the rise. The coming of smartphones and social media was initially praised as a breakthrough in human interaction, promising to bridge geographical divides and foster global communities. However, research from the University of Chicago suggests that excessive screen time correlates with increased feelings of loneliness and depression. Virtual interactions, while convenient, often lack the depth and emotional empathy of-face-to-face communication. Neuroscientists argue that non-verbal cues — such as body language, tone of voice, and eye contact — are essential for meaningful human connection, yet these elements are largely absent in digital exchanges. Furthermore, the “attention economy” worsens the problem. Social media algorithms (算法) prioritize engagement over well-being, often promoting sensationalist (哗众取宠) or divisive content to maximize user storage. This creates an environment where individuals consume vast amounts of superficial interactions without forming genuine relationships. A 2023 study published in Nature Human Behaviour found that frequent social media users reported lower life satisfaction, even when controlling for other variables. Some experts advocate for a “digital detox” movement, encouraging individuals to limit screen time and prioritize in-person interactions. However, critics argue that technology itself is not the root cause of isolation but rather how it is used. They suggest that digital tools, if designed with psychological well being in mind, could enhance rather than decrease human connection. 1．What is the main paradox discussed in the passage? A．Technology improves efficiency but reduces productivity. B．Social media unites people but decreases political extremes. C．Digital connectivity increases but human isolation grows. D．Virtual communication enhances more emotional bonds. 2．According to the University of Chicago research, what is a consequence of excessive screen time? A．Improved multitasking abilities. B．Greater financial productivity. C．Enhanced long-term memory storage. D．A lack of in-depth communication. 3．Why do neuroscientists argue that digital interactions may lack depth? A．Because they dismiss non-verbal cues for emotional connection. B．Because they are too slow compared to in-person conversations. C．Because they rely too heavily on written language. D．Because they are less available to older generations. 4．What does the underlined word “superficial” in the third paragraph mean? A．Unknown. B．Unexpected. C．Undeveloped. D．Shallow. 5．What solution do critics of the“digital detox” movement propose? A．Abandoning digital communication tools. B．Encouraging longer screen time to build familiarity. C．Combining technology with mental health care. D．Revising government regulation of social media platforms. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·天津一中·期末） Many economists have offered theories about how financial crises develop and how they could be prevented. There is no consensus, however, and financial crises continue to occur from time to time. And now, from bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold prospect of losing their jobs as a global depression starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut. Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more loyal and devoted group. “In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense of collective responsibility. While in the West, it’s more about individual survival,” said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU). In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian groups, job cuts will probably be less severe. Japan’s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong’s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January. Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad. 1．The underlined word “prospect” in the first paragraph most probably means ________. A．weather B．scene C．place D．possibility 2．Compared with job cuts, pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT that________. A．it’s helpful to the economy recovery B．it costs the company less money to survive C．it will keep the experienced and skilled workers D．it can form a team working harder and more loyally 3．According to Michael Benoliel, the Confucian mindset focuses on ________. A．human rights B．individual survival C．personal profits D．sharing responsibility 4．In which company can we infer the job cuts will be probably the most severe? A．A local American group. B．A small Japanese company. C．A German branch of a Korean multinational. D．A Hong Kong’s branch of a French company. 5．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global depression B．the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present C．the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn D．the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today Passage 7 （24-25高二下·天津滨海新区·期末） Research shows that teenagers show significantly higher academic involvement when their courses are clearly connected to real-world applications and their personal strong desires. This phenomenon is quite obvious in project-based learning environments (基于项目的学习环境). Consider the case of Gil Leal, whose science class achieved academic progress. When traditional soil decomposition (土壤分解) lessons were replaced with fieldwork in local fruit farms, Leal not only mastered the course quickly but developed a professional devotion to environmental science. Neurocognitive (神经认知) studies provide convincing evidence supporting this teaching approach. Advanced fMRI reveals that teenagers’ brains show increased connection between regions governing abstract reasoning and cognition when processing personally relevant material. This neural integration (神经整合) relates strongly with improved academic performance. Notably, students in purpose-driven classrooms demonstrate an average 8% improvement compared to peers in traditional settings. The strategies for developing this connection vary in complexity. At the most basic level, there are brief reflective writing tasks-such as asking students to express how quadratic equations (二次方程) might inform their future engineering careers. More complicated tasks, like the “Future Goals Gala” developed by educator Cathleen Beachboard, employ role-playing techniques where students present their 30-year-old selves, sharing their dream careers and accomplishments. Such activities not only boost motivation but also provide educators with valuable information about students’ interests to support their growth. The teaching method helps teenagers out. While they possess remarkable thoughts about societal issues and personal futures, they often felt it difficult to connect these concepts to immediate academic. Purpose-driven teaching method bridges this gap — put knowledge learned in class into their daily life. Those students getting benefits from this teaching method demonstrate significantly greater persistence through challenging material, even through higher education. Traditional models that separate academic content from personal desires may discourage teens’ curiosity. Connection between present actions and ideal-self in the future not only enhances academic outcomes but cultivates the reflective habits of lifelong learning. 1．When Gil Leal connected his learning to the real world, ______. A．his grades dropped temporarily B．his courses diminished his desire C．he expected to stay in the classroom D．he identified his future career direction 2．What brain changes show when teenagers process personally relevant material? A．Increased links between areas for abstract reasoning and cognition. B．Improved responses between emotional zones and data zones. C．Decreased activities in memory-related regions. D．Reduced activities in mental health outcomes. 3．What does the underlined word “inform” in Para. 3 mean? A．Influence. B．Risk. C．Imagine. D．Worry. 4．What does the author try to convey from the last two paragraphs? A．Teenagers struggle to grasp abstract concepts in traditional lessons. B．Teachers contribute little to guiding students’ career reflections. C．Traditional teaching methods are complex for students. D．Purpose-driven teaching method benefits students. 5．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To praise traditional teaching methods. B．To advertise a particular school program. C．To introduce a better teaching method. D．To explain a study in brain development. Passage 8 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末） Do you have any travel plans for 2025? Travel magazines like Conde Nast Traveler and Booking.com, one of the largest online travel agencies, have offered their predictions for travel trends. Noctourism The trend of noctourism refers to traveling to fully enjoy the beauty of the night, according to Booking.com.It sees tourists searching for dark-sky areas to appreciate the solar system and take part in activities such as stargazing (观星). As global temperatures continue to rise and daytime heat, especially in summer, becomes uncomfortable for many, people will often plan their trips around destinations that offer activities in cooler evenings and early mornings. While most activities center around the night sky, others happen on the ground, from city tours at night to full moon picnics by the sea. “Noctourism is set to transform travel in 2025 as night owl (夜猫子) travelers are increasingly seeking unique after-dark experiences,” Jay Stevens, CEO of travel company Wayfairer Travel,told CNBC． Passports to immortality While achieving “immortality” (永生) might seem unrealistic, our interest in living longer and staying healthy shows no sign of slowing down. Data from Booking.com reveals that health-focused trips will take center stage in 2025, with tourists seeking experiences designed to improve their health. These experiences include red light therapy and cryotherapy (冷冻疗法), offering travelers long-term benefits beyond immediate pleasure. As research indicates that staying socially active and spending time outdoors can significantly boost health, many travel destinations have introduced health-focused activities such as group hikes. In the future, travel will become more flexible as we begin to view our health as the ultimate journey, Booking.com predicted. Detour destinations Getting a little lost on purpose, driving down an unknown road and finding a lovely shop along the way — detours (绕道) have always been part of the travel experience. Simply going from Point A to Point B can feel a bit boring. Detour travel focuses on discovering smaller, less popular places close to the main sights and spending time there. For example, the city of Reims (兰斯) is a popular detour from Paris, as is Santa Barbara (圣巴巴拉) from Los Angeles. “In Europe, rail travel is the easiest way to do this — once you start looking at train timetables,it’s too tempting not to add an extra stop,” Tom Barber, co-founder of the travel company Original Travel, told Conde Nast Traveler. 1．Why may Noctourism become more popular in 2025? A．Because tourists are becoming more accustomed to the dark at night. B．Because travel agencies offer more promotions for activities at night. C．Because astronomy such as stargazing is drawing global attention. D．Because it offers agreeable temperatures and special experiences. 2．What is the primary focus of the section “Detour destinations”? A．The recommendation of visiting less-popular sights. B．The risks of getting lost while in suburban areas. C．The popularity of traveling in large crowded cities. D．The necessity of booking train tickets early. 3．What will people gain from health-focused trips? A．Mastery over several therapies. B．Cooperation from outdoor activities. C．Benefits of health in the long run. D．Flexibility in social relationships. 4．How does the author make the predictions of travel trends convincing? A．By sharing travel experiences of famous people. B．By analyzing cause-effect and data from websites. C．By comparing travel trends in history with future ones. D．By including names of well-known tourist attractions. Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津新四区·期末）People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise. Willpower is just like a muscle, to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success. Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis. The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It’s easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you’re passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently. The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do. Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits. 1．What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower? A．Keep it under control. B．Apply it continuously. C．Learn from entrepreneurs. D．Aim at success determinedly. 2．How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage? A．Out of habit. B．With determination. C．Like muscle building. D．By self-discipline 3．What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically? A．Practising it on a day-to-day basis. B．Associating it with improving health. C．Possessing a reasonable amount of talent. D．Foreseeing the desired outcome it will produce. 4．How does the art of self-control help us succeed? A．By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently. B．By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly. C．By enabling us to take positive actions. D．By allowing us to avoid taking risks. 5．Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control? A．Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-control. B．We may not get immediate rewards from self-control. C．Self-control tends to be associated with pains. D．Self-control only brings about small benefits. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津新四区·期末） Human beings tend to follow the pack. Why is that? Dr. Gregory Berns tried to answer the question in an experiment. Berns gathered some people for a test. The test was simple-to mentally rotate (转动) some 3-D shapes and compare them to see whether they were the same or different. First, the volunteers wrote down their answers privately. But then they had to give the next series of answers out loud for everyone to hear. But this test came with a surprise. One of the participants, Jocelyn, had the answers in her hand. Everyone else had been told to follow her lead, except for Tony. He was being set up to see whether he would follow the pack. When the group gave the right answer, Tony agreed. And when everyone gave the wrong answer, Tony still agreed. Tony wasn’t alone. Berns put seven other unsuspecting test subjects on the hot seat. Barbara, for example, got 70 percent on the written test, but her score fell to 30 percent when she listened to others’ answers. David and Graham, unlike the others, gave the right answers, even when the group didn’t. Berns wanted to see what was happening in the brain during his experiment. Using an fMRI, Berns found that, during the moment of decision, his subjects’ brains lit up not in the area where thinking takes place, but in the back of the brain, where vision is interpreted. Essentially, their brains were misinterpreting messages -people actually believed what others told them they were seeing, not what they saw with their own eyes. And for those who went against the group, there was another interesting result: Their brains lit up in a place called the amygdala, which Berns calls “the fear center of the brain.” “And what we are seeing here, we think, is the fear of standing alone,” Berns said. So why do people follow the pack no matter how ridiculous (荒唐的) it seems? Perhaps it’s not so much about right and wrong. It might be that our brain gets confused between what it sees and what others tell us. Just knowing that might help us guard against it. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The result of the experiment. B．How the experiment was conducted. C．Why Dr. Gregory conducted the experiment. D．The science behind why people follow the pack. 2．What do we know about Tony after he listened to the majority? A．He ignored the truth. B．His test scores improved. C．He realized his mistakes. D．His teamwork spirit was inspired. 3．What led to Barbara’s behavior in the experiment? A．A part of her brain that controls fear was activated. B．A part of her brain that controls vision got confused. C．A part of her brain that controls thinking shut down. D．A part of her brain that controls language got mixed up. 4．What might be David and Graham’s worry according to Berns? A．Copying others’ behaviors. B．Giving the wrong answers. C．Failing to fit in with the group. D．Misunderstanding the rules. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Should We Stand by Our Own Beliefs? B．Why Is It Hard to Tell Right from Wrong? C．Why Is It Wise to Take Advice? D．Why Do People Follow the Crowd? Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津西青区·期末） The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually a ominous warning. But in the real world, it is a prediction — and a welcome one. The field of robotics has made impressive progress in the past year, as researchers have applied advances in artificial intelligence (AI) to machines, which gives robots of all kinds a dramatic brain upgrade. The latest advances in robotics will bring real and substantial benefits. One is that new “multimoda” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data from robotic sensors and actuators. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect give robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. And like a chatbot, a robot can be told to change its behaviour simply by changing a text prompt, something that would previously have required complex reprogramming. Another benefit is that robots are getting better at learning quickly through imitation and at applying one skill to another. This opens the door for robots to move out of factories and storehouses. Several companies and research groups are using the latest AI models to build human-like robots, which could cook, clean, and care for the aged and the needy. Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living. South Korea, Japan and China are all in the top five countries with the most robots for each factory worker. It is no coincidence that they are also ageing rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. In the coming years, attitudes could well change from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. 1．What does the underlined word “ominous” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Global. B．Early. C．Obvious. D．Threatening. 2．What do new “multimodal” AI models enable robots to do? A．Perform complex reprogramming. B．Have a conversation with humans. C．Respond to everyday language. D．Correct text instructions. 3．What does the author stress about robots in paragraph 3? A．They will play a key role in factories. B．They will take on more human tasks. C．They will require less human monitoring. D．They will benefit the aged more than others. 4．Why are South Korea, Japan and China mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show they have many robots. B．To explain the role of robots in ageing societies. C．To share their experience with robots. D．To discuss why their populations are ageing. 5．What is the author’s attitude to advances in robotics? A．Favourable. B．Unclear. C．Concerned. D．Flexible. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津五区县·期末） Goldfish are known for their terrible memories. One common saying even says that they only have a three-second memory. Despite having no scientific basis, it has spread for many years. “What is confusing is that it’s pretty much the same wherever you go in the world,” Culumn Brown, an expert in fish, said. “In some places, it’s two seconds, and in others, it’s ten, but it’s always short.” However, is that really the case? Brown has studied the intelligence of fish, including goldfish, for more than 25 years. He said, “In reality, goldfish are often used as a common model for studying memory and learning in fish because of their good performance. And there are thousands of studies on goldfish.” For example, if goldfish are fed at only one side of their tank (缸)，they will quickly learn and remember to stay at that side at feeding times no matter whether they are actually fed. Similarly, if they are trained to push a red tool instead of the blue one, they will continue to show a preference for that color long after the experiment is finished. Despite these studies, people’s views on goldfish haven’t changed much. A big reason for this is that most people do not come across live fish in their daily life. And even when they do, people don’t spend time with fish the way that they do with other animals like cats. What’s more, people’s guilt (内疚) may be another factor in thinking poorly of goldfish’s memory. It makes them feel good about putting goldfish in a small tank. Goldfish properly cared for can live for 20 years, so owners might want to consider getting their pets large tanks with many objects and other fish, as well as taking the time to play games with them and teach them skills. After all, your goldfish might remember certain experiences for years to come. 1．What is pointed out about goldfish in the first paragraph? A．People worldwide like to keep them as pets. B．Their strange behavior confuses lots of people. C．Some studies have proved their terrible memories. D．Misunderstanding about their memory is common. 2．Why does the author mention the two examples in paragraph 2? A．To prove goldfish are easy to raise. B．To show goldfish have a good memory. C．To describe how goldfish form good eating habits. D．To explain why goldfish are smarter than other animals. 3．What may make people’s view on goldfish remain unchanged? A．The bad influence of goldfish on other fish. B．The poor relationship between goldfish and cats. C．People’s doubts about research and dislike for goldfish D．People’s unfamiliarity with goldfish and wish to reduce guilt. 4．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Pet owners are supposed to treat goldfish better. B．Pet owners ought to send goldfish back to sea. C．Mixing goldfish with other fish species is unwise. D．Raising goldfish is good for people’s mental health. 5．What may be the best title for the text? A．Are goldfish the smartest fish? B．Is it right to keep goldfish in a small tank? C．Do goldfish really have a short memory? D．Why are goldfish chosen for research? Passage 5 （24-25高二下·天津蓟州·期末）A significant study, led by Sarah Gaither, a researcher from Duke University, shows that reminding children of their different social roles—like friend, neighbor, son, or daughter—can greatly improve their problem-solving skills and creative thinking. This research highlights the importance of self-awareness in early cognitive growth and gives useful advice for teachers and parents. The experiment included 196 English-speaking children aged 6 to 10. The children were split into two groups. The first group was reminded that they had various roles, such as son, daughter, reader or helper, while the second group of children received information about other children’s many roles instead of their own. Both groups then did tasks to test creativity, flexibility, and analytical skills. The results were clear. Children in the first group solved problems better. For example, when shown a picture of a bear looking at a high beehive (蜂巢), these children thought of more creative ideas—like using a stick to get honey or working with imaginary animals. They also adapted better when sorting facial photos. While the control group sorted faces by simple traits like gender or age, the first group used deeper details, like facial expressions or situations. Gaither says the results show a simple but useful method for teachers. “By teaching children to think about their roles, schools can help them develop skills for adaptability and new ideas,” she says. This matches social identity theory, which states that knowing many group memberships broadens views and reduces fixed thinking. “People often consider they belong to only one group at a time,” said Christopher Marlowe, a teacher in Durham, North Carolina, “When we make kids realize that they have different roles, they begin to think more and remember that there are many other groups. It will do good to their mental development.” 1．What is Sarah Gaither’s role in the study? A．A teacher designing classroom activities. B．A psychologist analyzing social behaviors. C．A journalist reporting on child development. D．A university researcher leading the study. 2．What does Paragraph 2 suggest about the experiment design? A．The first group learned about their roles. B．Children were grouped by their ages. C．The second group received no tasks. D．All participants listed family members. 3．Why does the author mention the example of the beehive? A．To emphasize the difficulty of the tests. B．To criticize traditional teaching methods. C．To show role awareness affects problem-solving. D．To compare children’s creativity with that of animals. 4．What can be inferred about children aware of multiple roles? A．They struggle with group cooperation. B．They develop broader views on social issues. C．They rely more on adults for decision-making. D．They prefer individual activities over teamwork. 5．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from? A．A history book. B．An art magazine. C．A science magazine. D．A technical instruction book. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the time we’ve gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we’ve been woken up by the alarm to do it all again. Come the weekend, and we’re totally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-up time just to stay in sync (协调、一致) enough to start again on Monday. Welcome to social jet lag. That’s the term for the disparity (明显差异) between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant. For night owls — those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later — there can be significant health-related issues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and Francis Group online. The study concludes the further the divergence between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues — including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic problems. And because so many jobs and tasks start early, night owls are effectively forced into harmonizing with the early birds. So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie in? “It’s the worst thing you can do,” says Professor Till Rosenberg, professor of chronobiology at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people’s sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half correlates with their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign (重新校准) your genetic tendencies. Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepy as the light dissipates. But modern life, with its artificial light and modern devices, such as computers and smartphones, means we have deviated. Now we are exposed to more light for longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. For night owls, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further. One solution, beyond changing society’s early-start tendencies, is to reorient our body clock by manipulating our exposure to light by taking more sunlight in the morning and minimizing the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening — particularly on electronic devices — we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It’s far from easy, but better that than losing your whole weekend to sleep. 1．According to the passage, what is the main cause of social jet lag? A．The natural rhythm of night owls. B．The difference between workdays and weekends. C．The use of artificial light. D．The lack of sunlight in the morning. 2．According to the passage, what might be a reason why night owls struggle with social jet lag more than early birds? A．They have more demanding jobs. B．They are genetically predisposed to stay up late. C．They prefer to sleep during the day. D．They are less disciplined with their sleep schedules. 3．What is the primary purpose of the passage? A．To argue for a change in society’s work hours. B．To explain the concept of social jet lag and its potential health impacts. C．To promote the use of artificial light. D．To compare the lifestyles of night owls and early birds. 4．In the context of the passage, what does “lie in” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．A period of rest after illness. B．A delay in starting work. C．A comfortable bed. D．Sleeping in late. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·天津南开中学·期末）One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world. “The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats (麝鼠), shrews (鼩睛) and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoon now lives in Washington D．C．, and moose (驼鹿) are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons (游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U. S. cities to prey on pigeons. Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent £750,000 to buy land and build10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict (荒废的) lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben. For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (悬崖栖息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food. Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds. 1．The passage mentions a significant increase in mammal species in New York’s Central Park to _________. A．Highlight the unexpected diversity found in small urban parks. B．Provide evidence supporting the claim that wildlife in urban areas is increasing. C．Contrast the wildlife success in New York with the failure in other cities. D．Argue that shrews and flying squirrels are better adapted to cities than foxes. 2．Which of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities? A．Food is plentiful in the cities. B．Wildlife is threatened by predators in the wild. C．Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities D．Air and water quality has improved in the cities 3．The underlined word “tallied” in Para.2 means _________. A．Distinguished B．described C．counted D．excluded 4．The example of San Francisco testing rainwater basins implies that _________. A．Cities prioritize bird attraction over clean water management: B．Ecological benefits and practical functions cannot be achieved at the same time. C．Wildlife habitats in cities can be designed to serve dual purposes. D．Birds are the best indicator species for urban water cleanliness. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Wildlife returning to large cities B．Foxes returning to London C．Wild animals living in zoos D．A survey of wildlife in New York Passage 8 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末） If your job involves sitting in front of a screen all day, there’s a good chance your eyes are paying the price. After hours of emails, video calls, and spreadsheets, you may be left with symptoms like a headache, dry or uncomfortable eyes, and blurry vision. “It’s an occupational hazard in a digital society,” says Dr. Douglas Wisner at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. Amy Watts from Massachusetts Eye and Ear hospital explains there are two main reasons for this. First, you blink much less than normal when you’ re focusing on a screen, which dries out the eyes. “Your eyelids are like your windshield wipers on your car. They’ re making sure that the surface is smooth and clear,” she says. “When you’ re not blinking as much, it’s as if raindrops are accumulating on your windshield, making it harder to see.” Second, our eye muscles get tired from focusing on a fixed point for hours. These tired muscles can cause temporarily blurred vision and other symptoms. To combat this, taking visual breaks is crucial. The 20/20/20 rule — looking20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes — is often suggested. However, recent research indicates that longer breaks, like five minutes every hour, might be more effective. Watts also advises that short breaks are a good time to stretch and move, benefiting overall health. Eye drops can also help counter the dryness that comes from reduced blinking. You can use eye drops to treat symptoms you’ re already experiencing, but they work best when used preventively. As for blue-light blocking glasses, Steven Reed from the American Optometric Association (美国验光协会) says they don’t hurt, but there’s little data supporting their effectiveness against eye strain. However, limiting screen time before bed is advisable, as night-time device use can disrupt sleep, contributing to fatigue and strain. Reed also notes that persistent eye strain can signal underlying vision issues, so consult an eye professional if symptoms persist despite breaks and eye drops. In addition to taking breaks, adjusting your workspace can also help reduce eye strain. Ensure your screen is at a proper distance, about an arm’s length away, and positioned so that the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level. Reducing screen glare by using curtains or adjustable lights can also minimize eye discomfort. 1．Which of the following does not belong to symptoms of eye issues according to Paragraph 1? A．Headache. B．Eye discomfort. C．Blurred vision. D．More blinking. 2．How does Doctor Amy Watts explain the reasons in Paragraph 2? A．By providing a technical definition. B．By presenting a counter-argument. C．By using similes to explain concepts. D．By listing data as supporting evidence. 3．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? A．Ease. B．Calculate. C．Relax. D．Extend. 4．Which of the following is NOT a suggestion given by Steven Reed? A．Reduce night-device use before going to bed. B．Consult eye doctors for continual symptoms. C．Use curtains or adjust lights to avoid screen glare. D．Wear blue-light blocking glasses all day and night. 5．What is the purpose of quoting the experts such as Dr. Douglas Wisner, Amy Watts and Steven Reed? A．To make the passage longer and more complex. B．To add various individual opinions to the topic. C．To lend credibility and authority to the information. D．To advertise specific hospitals and associations. 6．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The development of eye care systems in the USA． B．Causes of eye issues and possible solutions. C．The benefits of blue-light blocking glasses. D．Impacts of smart devices on eye issues. Passage 9 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末） Suppose you’re looking ahead to your evenings as a chance to catch up on the latest TV series or televised sport. Nothing looks more attractive to you than your couch. In the back of your mind, though, runs the possibility of using that time to figure out how to complete the home craft project. That project so far has become so complicated that it will take you at least an hour of watching instructional videos to complete it. You know that you’d feel proud of yourself if you got it done. However, the couch’s appeal becomes too hard to resist, and so the project will have to be abandoned. According to California State University’s Max Alberhasky, your situation is a typical example of what’s called the “happiness paradox”. Simply stated, this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from applying their skills. Put somewhat differently, when you’re looking at how to spend your leisure time right in the moment, you’re less likely to consider the long-term consequences of your decision. It’s an irrational (不理性的) choice because what will really make you happier is being busy with an activity that allows you to expand and strengthen your skills. In one experiment conducted in the lab, undergraduates participated in either the high-skill activity of playing the online game “2048” (where you build chains of sums) or the low-skill activity of playing “Plinko” (a game based merely on luck). Participants playing the “2048” game reported being happier and finding more meaning in the activity than the “Plinko” players did. You now know why the couch looks so inviting compared to the halfway-done home project that just seems like it will be too hard and. hence, not very attractive. You can only pull yourself away from what will eventually be a less beneficial choice if you project yourself into the future and think about how good you’ll feel when it’s done and you can stand back and admire your work. 1．Why do we tend to give up the home craft project? A．We usually ignore easy activities. B．We prefer rewarding tasks. C．We seek instant pleasures. D．We focus on long-term interests. 2．What leads to the “happiness paradox”? A．Escaping from demanding tasks. B．Not finding a worthwhile job. C．Escaping from boring tasks. D．Not realizing a job’s value. 3．What can we infer from the experiment in Paragraph 4? A．Lower level of difficulty brings more benefits. B．Higher level of difficulty means more fun. C．Low-skill activities are more interesting. D．High-skill activities are less instructive. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Keep improving ourselves. B．Find pleasure in the process. C．Have a passion for our job. D．Imagine potential rewards. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a psychological barrier to fulfillment. B．To compare different types of leisure activities. C．To criticize people’s addiction to present enjoyment. D．To promote the benefits of high-skill video games. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解之说明文 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津河东·期末） Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics (工作狂). What are some characteristics of workaholics? How could a person tell that he/ she is a workaholic? A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’ re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’ re up; when work is going less well, they’ re down. Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working — or doing something to promote their work — they feel anxious and guilty. There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit (追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising,since if you’re married to your work it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else.There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self. However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a resolution. 1．What can we learn from the text? A．Work has stronger effects on workaholics than on others. B．Hard-working people enjoy bester health than other people do. C．Workaholics work to build better relationships. D．Workaholics care more about their hdalth than others do. 2．When workaholics are not busy working, they ________. A．promote their work B．form a bad habit easily C．feel uneasy and insecure D．have a chance to prove their own value 3．What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A．Bad influences of workaholism. B．Different patterns of workaholics. C．How people deal with their addictions. D．How hard-working people differ from workaholics. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards working hard? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Curious. 5．What can we do to help a workaholic in life? A．Force him to join family activities. B．Reward him for his hard work. C．Help him find self worth and confidence. D．Try to be understanding and supporting. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍工作狂的特征、负面影响及努力工作的积极面，还有对工作狂的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.(工作影响他们的情绪：当工作进展顺利时，他们情绪高涨；当工作不太顺利时，他们情绪低落。)”可知，工作对工作狂的影响比对其他人更大。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When workaholics aren’t busy working — or doing something to promote their work — they feel anxious and guilty.(当工作狂不忙于工作——或者做一些促进工作的事情时，他们会感到焦虑和内疚。)”可知，工作狂不忙于工作时，会感到不安和不自在。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“There is a link between health problems and workaholism.(健康问题和工作狂之间存在联系。)”以及第四段中的“Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well.(除了健康问题，成为工作狂还会带来其他负面影响。)”可知，这两段主要讲述工作狂的不良影响。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards.(然而，努力工作和对事业越来越投入也有很多积极的方面。努力工作能带来巨大的回报。)”可知，作者既提到了工作狂的负面影响，也肯定了努力工作的积极面，态度是客观的。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If you have a workaholic in your life you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a resolution.(如果你生活中有一个工作狂，你可能会指出他或她在工作时错过的事情，无论是孩子的足球比赛、一本好书还是一节瑜伽课。努力理解这个人为什么觉得需要这么努力工作，并支持他们找到解决办法。)”可知，帮助生活中的工作狂，要试着理解并支持他们。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津河北·期末） When you go to a vending machine (自动售卖机), you typically expect to see snacks and soft drinks. But Lauren Woods, a local author, is planning to launch one filled with books. Lauren Woods recently started a Kickstarter campaign to fund the project, which would feature an ever-updating selection of works by local authors from the Washington, D．C． area. “Vending machines that sell comic books and novels are common in Japan and some European countries,” Woods says, “but in the U. S. they’re only seen in some libraries — in those cases, they tend to operate using free tokens (代用券) that people exchange for books.” Woods’ model would operate like a bookstore: She’d buy the books from authors and publishers at wholesale (批发的) prices and retail them at a markup, using some of her profits to maintain the project. “I was really shocked to see that in the U. S. almost all of the vending machines I’ve come across are for kids,” says Woods. “It’s almost like people don’t expect adults to read or want to read.” Her goal is to “overturn that model” and have some kids’ books, but mostly target the selection at adults. “I think that people are really tired of looking through their phones,” she adds. “By launching this project, we can change some habits and sell more books by D．C． authors.” With her husband, she hosts a monthly salon (沙龙) for local writers who want to present and read their material. Some of these authors have described the struggle of getting their work placed at bookstores. “This could be a platform to discover new authors who might be living right next to you,” Woods says, “and also highlight some of the incredible literary talent that’s right here in Washington.” 1．What is unique about Woods’ vending machine? A．It is placed in popular libraries. B．It offers food along with books. C．It focuses on local literary works. D．It allows readers to supply books. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about book vending machines? A．They are rare in U. S. libraries. B．They all operate using tokens in the U. S. C．They are a new trend in some European countries. D．They are more common in Japan than in the U. S. 3．What does the underlined part “retail them at a markup” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Wrap them up once again. B．Distribute them to libraries. C．Sell them at a higher price. D．Exchange them for more tokens. 4．What is the goal of Woods’ project? A．To promote kids’ passion for reading. B．To make literature easily accessible to adults. C．To discourage the habit of using phones constantly. D．To boost the sales of educational reading materials. 5．What is the role of the monthly salon? A．A space for writers to talk about their works. B．A ceremony to award incredible new authors. C．A place to select books for the local libraries. D．A meeting for writers and bookstore representatives. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍当地作家Lauren Woods计划推出售卖当地作家书籍的自动售卖机及其相关情况。 【详解】46．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lauren Woods recently started a Kickstarter campaign to fund the project, which would feature an ever-updating selection of works by local authors from the Washington, D.C. area.(劳伦·伍兹最近在Kickstarter上发起了一项众筹活动，为这个项目筹集资金，该项目将不断更新华盛顿特区当地作家的作品。)”可知，伍兹的自动售卖机的独特之处在于它专注于当地的文学作品。故选C项。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Vending machines that sell comic books and novels are common in Japan and some European countries,” Woods says, “but in the U. S. they’re only seen in some libraries — in those cases, they tend to operate using free tokens (代用券) that people exchange for books.”(伍兹说：“在日本和一些欧洲国家，售卖漫画书和小说的自动售卖机很常见，但在美国，只有在一些图书馆里才能看到——在这些情况下，它们通常使用人们用来换书的免费代用券。”)”可知，售书自动售卖机在日本比在美国更常见。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Woods’ model would operate like a bookstore: She’d buy the books from authors and publishers at wholesale (批发的) prices and retail them at a markup, using some of her profits to maintain the project.(伍兹的模式将像书店一样运作：她会以批发价从作者和出版商那里购买书籍，然后……，用部分利润来维持这个项目。)”可知，伍兹以批发价从作者和出版商那里购买书籍，然后用售卖获取的部分利润维持这个项目，由此可知，“retail them at a markup”指的是以更高的价格出售这些书，以此才能获取利润。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““It’s almost like people don’t expect adults to read or want to read.” Her goal is to “overturn that model” and have some kids’ books, but mostly target the selection at adults. (“这几乎就像人们不希望成年人阅读或想阅读一样。”她的目标是“颠覆这种模式”，虽然会有一些儿童书籍，但主要选择针对成年人。)”可知，伍兹项目的目标是让成年人更容易接触到文学作品。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“With her husband, she hosts a monthly salon (沙龙) for local writers who want to present and read their material.(她和丈夫每月为当地想展示和朗读自己作品的作家举办一次沙龙。)”可知，月度沙龙是作家们谈论自己作品的地方。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津河北·期末） Being able to find high quality health care at an affordable price is a problem to be solved in many countries. In the United States, Walmart, a large chain store, is trying to help. It is offering something new to its employees: cutting the cost of a doctor’s appointment to only $4 instead of the usual $40 for the same service. It is an online service called “telemedicine.” Walmart is the latest major business in the United States to push its workers toward a high-tech way to be examined and treated by doctors. Thanks to telemedicine, people can talk with medical experts from the privacy of their own homes, often using a secure video connection. Supporters say online visits make it easier for patients to see an expert or quickly find help for problems considered non-emergencies. Some healthcare needs are well-suited for telemedicine. It can help people seeking treatment for insect bites or skin conditions. Patients who have had medical treatments and cannot move around easily can use telemedicine for their follow-up visits. Also, people seeking help for mental health issues can benefit from the privacy that telemedicine gives. But still, many people do not use telemedicine, they continue to go to the doctor`s office when they are sick. 80 percent of middle-size and large U. S. companies offered telemedicine services to their workers in 2018. However, only 8 percent of its employees used telemedicine at least once a year. Compared with seeing a real doctor in person, some people may think the quality of telemedicine is not as good. Parents, for example, may feel they are not giving their child the best care if they use a virtual doctor appointment. Older adults may look forward to their in-person doctor appointments. For them, going to the doctor’s office is a big event. Another reason some adults may not use telemedicine services is trust. Tom Hill, aged 66, says he has no plans to ever use telemedicine. He does not buy anything online, let alone do something as personal as seeing a doctor. He says, for him, it is important to look his doctor in the eye and shake hands. However, for some people, especially young people and busy students, telemedicine might be a good choice. It can cut down on the time away from work. It can also cut down on the cost of doctor visits. 1．What is the main purpose of Walmart’s telemedicine service? A．To promote video conferencing technology. B．To reduce the cost of doctor visits for employees. C．To provide free medical services to all employees. D．To help employees reduce time spent on medical appointments. 2．What is true about “telemedicine”? A．It aims to replace all in-person doctor visits. B．It enables patients to see doctors at home for free. C．It has become very popular in America since 2018. D．It makes it easier to see a doctor for non-emergency problems. 3．Which statement reflects Tom Hill’s attitude toward telemedicine? A．He prefers online services for non-emergency issues. B．He believes it is convenient for busy professionals. C．He distrusts it and prefers face-to-face interaction. D．He thinks it is the future of healthcare. 4．Who is most likely to apply “telemedicine”? A．Jenny, a shy woman who suffers from mental illness. B．Smith, a grandpa who has been bitten by a running dog. C．Kate, a mother whose kid is suffering from a skin disease. D．Wilson, a worker who got seriously injured in a car accident. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advertise Walmart’s new telemedicine service. B．To compare the quality of in-person and online medical care. C．To discuss the benefits and challenges of telemedicine adoption. D．To argue that telemedicine should replace traditional healthcare. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国沃尔玛为员工提供的远程医疗服务及其利弊。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is offering something new to its employees: cutting the cost of a doctor’s appointment to only $4 instead of the usual $40 for the same service. It is an online service called “telemedicine.”(它为员工提供了一项新服务：将看医生的费用从通常的40美元降至仅4美元。这是一种名为“远程医疗”的在线服务。)”可知，沃尔玛远程医疗服务的主要目的是降低员工看医生的费用。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Supporters say online visits make it easier for patients to see an expert or quickly find help for problems considered non-emergencies.(支持者表示，在线问诊让患者更容易找到专家，或为非紧急问题迅速获得帮助。)”可知，远程医疗让处理非紧急问题时看医生变得更容易。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Tom Hill, aged 66, says he has no plans to ever use telemedicine. He does not buy anything online, let alone do something as personal as seeing a doctor. He says, for him, it is important to look his doctor in the eye and shake hands.(66岁的汤姆·希尔说，他没有使用远程医疗的计划。他不在网上买任何东西，更不用说像看医生这样私人的事情了。他说，对他来说，看着医生的眼睛并握手很重要。)”可知，汤姆·希尔不信任远程医疗，更喜欢面对面交流。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Also, people seeking help for mental health issues can benefit from the privacy that telemedicine gives.(此外，寻求心理健康问题帮助的人可以从远程医疗提供的隐私中受益。)”可知，患有精神疾病的害羞女性珍妮最可能使用远程医疗。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，文章既介绍了远程医疗在降低费用、提供便利、保护隐私等方面的好处，也提到了人们对其质量的担忧、信任问题及使用不广泛等挑战。因此，本文的主要目的是讨论远程医疗应用的利弊。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·耀华中学·期末） In the ancient walled city of Sana’a, mud skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. “As an outstanding example of architecture reflecting the spatial (空间的) characteristics of the early years, the city in its landscape has an extraordinary artistic quality,” UNESCO writes in its description of Sana’a. “The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship (工艺) in the use of local materials and techniques.” Even though the buildings in Sana’a are thousands of years old, the ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private houses. It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation. Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes? The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn. The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable, she says. “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials.” An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise. Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, buildings in Sana’a are “unique” because   . A．they are tall and tower over the entire city B．their geometric patterns create artistic feelings C．they are beautifully crafted with local resources D．their fascinating history has attracted many tourists 2．Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage? A．They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events. B．They can be ideal for sustainable construction of the future. C．They might produce a lot of greenhouse gas emissions. D．They might cause substantial temperature changes. 3．It can be inferred from the passage that________. A．mud might be an important solution to the climate crisis B．the mud buildings in Sana’a are no longer suitable to live C．rebuilding mud construction would take great efforts D．mud has become the favourite material of architects 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards raw-earth construction in the building industry? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 5．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Historic Cities Mark Human Civilization B．Construction Industry Threaten Climate Goals C．Modern Architecture Survive Extreme Weather D．Ancient Material Make for Future House Designs 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以Sana’a具有特色的泥质城堡引入，主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作为完美的可持续的建筑材料。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.(这些高耸的建筑完全是用泥土建造的，装饰着引人注目的几何图案。当地的泥建筑非常独特，因此这座城市已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产)”和第二段的“The buildings also show exceptional craftsmanship(工艺)in the use of local materials and techniques.(这些建筑还展示了在使用当地材料和技术方面的卓越工艺)”可知，Sana’a的建筑的独特之处在于它们是用当地的资源进行精心装饰的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.(很容易理解为什么这些泥建筑没有失去吸引力——它们隔热良好，可持续发展，非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会的联合创始人Damluji说)”和第四段的“Architects around the world are reviving(复兴)raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat.(世界各地的建筑师正在复兴生土建筑，因为他们寻求建造能够抵御暴洪和高温等极端天气事件的可持续建筑)”可知，泥土材料是未来可持续建设的理想选择。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn.(建筑业占全球二氧化碳排放量的38%。如果世界要实现到2050年实现净零排放的目标，建筑行业可以发挥重要作用。混凝土是一种常见的现代建筑材料，它的碳足迹非常大。科学家警告说，用污染更少的材料取代混凝土对实现我们的气候目标至关重要)”和倒数第二段的“The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is full yrecyclable, she says.(达姆利伊表示，这种古老的材料——泥浆，可能是混凝土的完美可持续替代品。她说，用泥浆建筑对环境的影响非常小，而且材料本身是完全可回收的)”推知，泥浆可能是气候危机的重要解决方法。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，想要住在现代舒适的房子里的人应该考虑用泥土做的房子。总的来说，它有助于高度先进和可持续的设计)”推知，作者对建筑行业的生土建筑持支持态度。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段的“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation.(很容易理解为什么这些泥建筑没有失去吸引力——它们隔热良好，可持续发展，非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会的联合创始人Damluji说)”和最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，想要住在现代舒适的房子里的人应该考虑用泥土做的房子。总的来说，它有助于高度先进和可持续的设计)”可知，本文主要介绍了泥浆这种古老的材料可作为完美的可持续的建筑材料。D项“古老的材料造就了未来的房屋设计”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·耀华中学·期末） In an era where digital connectivity has reached unexceptional levels, a paradoxical (矛盾的) phenomenon has emerged: the more technologically interconnected society becomes, the more socially isolated individuals feel. Studies indicate that despite the expansion of social media platforms, messaging apps, and virtual communication tools, loneliness and mental health issues are on the rise. The coming of smartphones and social media was initially praised as a breakthrough in human interaction, promising to bridge geographical divides and foster global communities. However, research from the University of Chicago suggests that excessive screen time correlates with increased feelings of loneliness and depression. Virtual interactions, while convenient, often lack the depth and emotional empathy of-face-to-face communication. Neuroscientists argue that non-verbal cues — such as body language, tone of voice, and eye contact — are essential for meaningful human connection, yet these elements are largely absent in digital exchanges. Furthermore, the “attention economy” worsens the problem. Social media algorithms (算法) prioritize engagement over well-being, often promoting sensationalist (哗众取宠) or divisive content to maximize user storage. This creates an environment where individuals consume vast amounts of superficial interactions without forming genuine relationships. A 2023 study published in Nature Human Behaviour found that frequent social media users reported lower life satisfaction, even when controlling for other variables. Some experts advocate for a “digital detox” movement, encouraging individuals to limit screen time and prioritize in-person interactions. However, critics argue that technology itself is not the root cause of isolation but rather how it is used. They suggest that digital tools, if designed with psychological well being in mind, could enhance rather than decrease human connection. 1．What is the main paradox discussed in the passage? A．Technology improves efficiency but reduces productivity. B．Social media unites people but decreases political extremes. C．Digital connectivity increases but human isolation grows. D．Virtual communication enhances more emotional bonds. 2．According to the University of Chicago research, what is a consequence of excessive screen time? A．Improved multitasking abilities. B．Greater financial productivity. C．Enhanced long-term memory storage. D．A lack of in-depth communication. 3．Why do neuroscientists argue that digital interactions may lack depth? A．Because they dismiss non-verbal cues for emotional connection. B．Because they are too slow compared to in-person conversations. C．Because they rely too heavily on written language. D．Because they are less available to older generations. 4．What does the underlined word “superficial” in the third paragraph mean? A．Unknown. B．Unexpected. C．Undeveloped. D．Shallow. 5．What solution do critics of the“digital detox” movement propose? A．Abandoning digital communication tools. B．Encouraging longer screen time to build familiarity. C．Combining technology with mental health care. D．Revising government regulation of social media platforms. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了数字互联程度提高，人们却更孤独。过度屏幕时间致深度交流缺失，有专家主张“数字排毒”，也有人认为应合理设计数字工具。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In an era where digital connectivity has reached unexceptional levels, a paradoxical (矛盾的) phenomenon has emerged: the more technologically interconnected society becomes, the more socially isolated individuals feel.( 在一个数字连接已经达到普通水平的时代，一个矛盾的现象出现了：社会在技术上联系得越紧密，个人在社会上就越孤立)”可知，主要的矛盾现象是数字连接增多但人类的孤独感加剧。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, research from the University of Chicago suggests that excessive screen time correlates with increased feelings of loneliness and depression. Virtual interactions, while convenient, often lack the depth and emotional empathy of-face-to-face communication.( 然而，芝加哥大学的研究表明，过多的屏幕时间与孤独感和抑郁感的增加有关。虚拟互动虽然“方便”，但往往缺乏面对面交流的深度和情感共鸣)”可知，芝加哥大学的研究表明过度使用屏幕时间会导致缺乏深度交流。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第第二段中“Neuroscientists argue that non-verbal cues — such as body language, tone of voice, and eye contact — are essential for meaningful human connection, yet these elements are largely absent in digital exchanges.( 神经科学家认为，非语言暗示——比如肢体语言、语调和眼神交流——对于有意义的人际关系是必不可少的，然而这些元素在数字交流中基本上是缺失的)”可知，神经科学家认为数字交流缺乏深度是因为它忽略了用于情感连接的非语言暗示。故选A项。 4．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Social media algorithms (算法) prioritize engagement over well-being, often promoting sensationalist (哗众取宠) or divisive content to maximize user storage.( 社交媒体算法优先考虑参与度，而不是幸福感，经常推广哗众取宠或分裂的内容，以最大限度地提高用户存储)”以及划线单词句中“This creates an environment where individuals consume vast amounts of superficial interactions without forming genuine relationships.( 这创造了一种环境，在这种环境中，个人消耗了大量的superficial互动，而没有形成真正的关系)”可知，社交媒体的内容通常是哗众取宠或分裂的，在这样的环境中人们进行了大量肤浅的互动，而没有形成真正的关系。因此猜测，“superficial”是“浅薄的，表面的”意思，与D选项“Shallow(浅的)” 同义。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段提到“However, critics argue that technology itself is not the root cause of isolation but rather how it is used. They suggest that digital tools, if designed with psychological well being in mind, could enhance rather than decrease human connection.( 然而，批评者认为，技术本身并不是造成孤立的根本原因，而是技术的使用方式。他们认为，如果在设计时考虑到心理健康，数字工具可以加强而不是减少人与人之间的联系)”可推知，批评“数字排毒”运动的人提议将技术与心理健康护理相结合。故选C项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·天津一中·期末） Many economists have offered theories about how financial crises develop and how they could be prevented. There is no consensus, however, and financial crises continue to occur from time to time. And now, from bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold prospect of losing their jobs as a global depression starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut. Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more loyal and devoted group. “In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense of collective responsibility. While in the West, it’s more about individual survival,” said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU). In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian groups, job cuts will probably be less severe. Japan’s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong’s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January. Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad. 1．The underlined word “prospect” in the first paragraph most probably means ________. A．weather B．scene C．place D．possibility 2．Compared with job cuts, pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT that________. A．it’s helpful to the economy recovery B．it costs the company less money to survive C．it will keep the experienced and skilled workers D．it can form a team working harder and more loyally 3．According to Michael Benoliel, the Confucian mindset focuses on ________. A．human rights B．individual survival C．personal profits D．sharing responsibility 4．In which company can we infer the job cuts will be probably the most severe? A．A local American group. B．A small Japanese company. C．A German branch of a Korean multinational. D．A Hong Kong’s branch of a French company. 5．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global depression B．the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present C．the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn D．the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在全球经济衰退时期，东西方在应对失业问题上采取的不同劳动策略及文化差异对其的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“And now, from bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold prospect of losing their jobs as a global depression starts to bite. (而现在，随着全球大萧条开始显现威力，从银行家到工厂员工，西方国家的雇员们都面临着失业的严峻prospect。)”可知，随着全球大萧条开始显现威力，西方国家的雇员们都面临着失业的极大可能性，prospect在此处指“可能性”，与D选项意思相符。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more loyal and devoted group. (人力资源专家指出，文化差异是亚洲公司在困境中更努力保住员工岗位的原因，这有助于防止失业，并可能帮助亚洲经济在出口放缓时期维持运转。这种东亚人的观念也使得公司能够更快地从经济衰退中复苏，因为它们无需重新招聘或培训新员工，而是能够打造一个更加忠诚且敬业的团队。)”可知，降薪的好处包括有助于经济复苏、留住有经验和技能的工人、形成更努力忠诚的团队，未提及公司生存成本更低 。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense of collective responsibility. (在儒家思想中，正确的做法是分担责任，这是一种集体责任感。)”可知，儒家思想注重分担责任。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian groups, job cuts will probably be less severe. (相比之下，从通用汽车到高盛的当地西方公司计划裁员数千人，但在西方跨国公司的亚洲部门或亚洲集团的西方部门，裁员可能不会那么严重。)”可推断，在当地美国公司裁员会最严重。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段中“Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. (人力资源专家表示，文化差异解释了为什么亚洲公司在困难时期更努力地保住工作岗位，这将防止失业，并可能帮助亚洲经济在出口放缓时期生存下来。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在全球经济衰退时期，东西方在应对失业问题上采取的不同劳动策略及文化差异对其的影响。故选A。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·天津滨海新区·期末） Research shows that teenagers show significantly higher academic involvement when their courses are clearly connected to real-world applications and their personal strong desires. This phenomenon is quite obvious in project-based learning environments (基于项目的学习环境). Consider the case of Gil Leal, whose science class achieved academic progress. When traditional soil decomposition (土壤分解) lessons were replaced with fieldwork in local fruit farms, Leal not only mastered the course quickly but developed a professional devotion to environmental science. Neurocognitive (神经认知) studies provide convincing evidence supporting this teaching approach. Advanced fMRI reveals that teenagers’ brains show increased connection between regions governing abstract reasoning and cognition when processing personally relevant material. This neural integration (神经整合) relates strongly with improved academic performance. Notably, students in purpose-driven classrooms demonstrate an average 8% improvement compared to peers in traditional settings. The strategies for developing this connection vary in complexity. At the most basic level, there are brief reflective writing tasks-such as asking students to express how quadratic equations (二次方程) might inform their future engineering careers. More complicated tasks, like the “Future Goals Gala” developed by educator Cathleen Beachboard, employ role-playing techniques where students present their 30-year-old selves, sharing their dream careers and accomplishments. Such activities not only boost motivation but also provide educators with valuable information about students’ interests to support their growth. The teaching method helps teenagers out. While they possess remarkable thoughts about societal issues and personal futures, they often felt it difficult to connect these concepts to immediate academic. Purpose-driven teaching method bridges this gap — put knowledge learned in class into their daily life. Those students getting benefits from this teaching method demonstrate significantly greater persistence through challenging material, even through higher education. Traditional models that separate academic content from personal desires may discourage teens’ curiosity. Connection between present actions and ideal-self in the future not only enhances academic outcomes but cultivates the reflective habits of lifelong learning. 1．When Gil Leal connected his learning to the real world, ______. A．his grades dropped temporarily B．his courses diminished his desire C．he expected to stay in the classroom D．he identified his future career direction 2．What brain changes show when teenagers process personally relevant material? A．Increased links between areas for abstract reasoning and cognition. B．Improved responses between emotional zones and data zones. C．Decreased activities in memory-related regions. D．Reduced activities in mental health outcomes. 3．What does the underlined word “inform” in Para. 3 mean? A．Influence. B．Risk. C．Imagine. D．Worry. 4．What does the author try to convey from the last two paragraphs? A．Teenagers struggle to grasp abstract concepts in traditional lessons. B．Teachers contribute little to guiding students’ career reflections. C．Traditional teaching methods are complex for students. D．Purpose-driven teaching method benefits students. 5．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To praise traditional teaching methods. B．To advertise a particular school program. C．To introduce a better teaching method. D．To explain a study in brain development. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了目标驱动教学法对青少年学业的积极影响及作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When traditional soil decomposition (土壤分解) lessons were replaced with fieldwork in local fruit farms, Leal not only mastered the course quickly but developed a professional devotion to environmental science.(当传统的土壤分解课程被当地果园的实地考察取代时，Leal不仅很快掌握了课程内容，还对环境科学产生了职业热爱)”可知，当Gil Leal将学习与现实世界联系起来时，他明确了自己未来的职业方向。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Advanced fMRI reveals that teenagers’ brains show increased connection between regions governing abstract reasoning and cognition when processing personally relevant material.(先进的功能性磁共振成像显示，青少年在处理与个人相关的材料时，大脑中控制抽象推理和认知的区域之间的联系会增加)”可知，当青少年处理与个人相关的材料时，大脑中抽象推理和认知区域之间的联系会增加。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“At the most basic level, there are brief reflective writing tasks-such as asking students to express how quadratic equations (二次方程) might inform their future engineering careers.(在最基本的层面上，有一些简短的反思性写作任务，比如要求学生表达二次方程如何inform他们未来的工程职业生涯)”可知，此处指让学生思考二次方程如何影响他们未来的工程职业，结合选项可推测“inform”意为“影响”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Purpose-driven teaching method bridges this gap — put knowledge learned in class into their daily life.(目标驱动的教学方法弥合了这一差距——将课堂上学到的知识融入他们的日常生活)”以及最后一段中“Connection between present actions and ideal-self in the future not only enhances academic outcomes but cultivates the reflective habits of lifelong learning.(当前行为与未来理想自我之间的联系不仅提高了学业成绩，还培养了终身学习的反思习惯)”可知，作者通过最后两段试图传达目标驱动的教学方法对学生有益。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中“Research shows that teenagers show significantly higher academic involvement when their courses are clearly connected to real-world applications and their personal strong desires.(研究表明，当青少年的课程与现实世界的应用和他们的个人强烈愿望明显相关时，他们在学业上的参与度会显著提高)”以及后文对目标驱动教学方法的介绍和论证可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种更好的教学方法。故选C。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末） Do you have any travel plans for 2025? Travel magazines like Conde Nast Traveler and Booking.com, one of the largest online travel agencies, have offered their predictions for travel trends. Noctourism The trend of noctourism refers to traveling to fully enjoy the beauty of the night, according to Booking.com.It sees tourists searching for dark-sky areas to appreciate the solar system and take part in activities such as stargazing (观星). As global temperatures continue to rise and daytime heat, especially in summer, becomes uncomfortable for many, people will often plan their trips around destinations that offer activities in cooler evenings and early mornings. While most activities center around the night sky, others happen on the ground, from city tours at night to full moon picnics by the sea. “Noctourism is set to transform travel in 2025 as night owl (夜猫子) travelers are increasingly seeking unique after-dark experiences,” Jay Stevens, CEO of travel company Wayfairer Travel,told CNBC． Passports to immortality While achieving “immortality” (永生) might seem unrealistic, our interest in living longer and staying healthy shows no sign of slowing down. Data from Booking.com reveals that health-focused trips will take center stage in 2025, with tourists seeking experiences designed to improve their health. These experiences include red light therapy and cryotherapy (冷冻疗法), offering travelers long-term benefits beyond immediate pleasure. As research indicates that staying socially active and spending time outdoors can significantly boost health, many travel destinations have introduced health-focused activities such as group hikes. In the future, travel will become more flexible as we begin to view our health as the ultimate journey, Booking.com predicted. Detour destinations Getting a little lost on purpose, driving down an unknown road and finding a lovely shop along the way — detours (绕道) have always been part of the travel experience. Simply going from Point A to Point B can feel a bit boring. Detour travel focuses on discovering smaller, less popular places close to the main sights and spending time there. For example, the city of Reims (兰斯) is a popular detour from Paris, as is Santa Barbara (圣巴巴拉) from Los Angeles. “In Europe, rail travel is the easiest way to do this — once you start looking at train timetables,it’s too tempting not to add an extra stop,” Tom Barber, co-founder of the travel company Original Travel, told Conde Nast Traveler. 1．Why may Noctourism become more popular in 2025? A．Because tourists are becoming more accustomed to the dark at night. B．Because travel agencies offer more promotions for activities at night. C．Because astronomy such as stargazing is drawing global attention. D．Because it offers agreeable temperatures and special experiences. 2．What is the primary focus of the section “Detour destinations”? A．The recommendation of visiting less-popular sights. B．The risks of getting lost while in suburban areas. C．The popularity of traveling in large crowded cities. D．The necessity of booking train tickets early. 3．What will people gain from health-focused trips? A．Mastery over several therapies. B．Cooperation from outdoor activities. C．Benefits of health in the long run. D．Flexibility in social relationships. 4．How does the author make the predictions of travel trends convincing? A．By sharing travel experiences of famous people. B．By analyzing cause-effect and data from websites. C．By comparing travel trends in history with future ones. D．By including names of well-known tourist attractions. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2025年的三大旅游趋势，包括夜间旅游、以健康为重点的旅行和绕道旅行，并详细阐述了每种趋势的特点和原因。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As global temperatures continue to rise and daytime heat, especially in summer, becomes uncomfortable for many, people will often plan their trips around destinations that offer activities in cooler evenings and early mornings. While most activities center around the night sky, others happen on the ground, from city tours at night to full moon picnics by the sea. (随着全球气温持续上升，白天的炎热，尤其是在夏季，让许多人感到不适，人们通常会围绕在凉爽的夜晚和清晨提供活动的目的地来计划他们的旅行。虽然大多数活动都围绕夜空展开，但也有一些活动是在地面上进行的，比如夜间城市游和海边满月野餐)”可知，夜间旅游在2025年可能会更受欢迎，是因为它提供了宜人的温度和特殊的体验。故选D。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Detour travel focuses on discovering smaller, less popular places close to the main sights and spending time there. For example, the city of Reims is a popular detour from Paris, as is Santa Barbara from Los Angeles. (绕道旅行注重发现靠近主要景点的小型、不太受欢迎的地方，并在那里度过一段时间。例如，兰斯市是从巴黎出发的热门绕道目的地，圣巴巴拉则是从洛杉矶出发的热门绕道目的地)”可知，“绕道目的地”这一部分主要介绍了不太受欢迎的景点的推荐。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Data from Booking.com reveals that health-focused trips will take center stage in 2025, with tourists seeking experiences designed to improve their health. These experiences include red light therapy and cryotherapy, offering travelers long-term benefits beyond immediate pleasure. (Booking.com的数据显示，以健康为重点的旅行将在2025年成为焦点，游客们寻求旨在改善健康的体验。这些体验包括红光疗法和冷冻疗法，为旅行者提供超越即时愉悦的长期益处)”可知，人们从以健康为重点的旅行中可以获得长期健康益处。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The trend of noctourism refers to traveling to fully enjoy the beauty of the night, according to Booking.com. It sees tourists searching for dark-sky areas to appreciate the solar system and take part in activities such as stargazing. As global temperatures continue to rise and daytime heat, especially in summer, becomes uncomfortable for many, people will often plan their trips around destinations that offer activities in cooler evenings and early mornings. (根据Booking.com的说法，夜间旅游趋势指的是为了充分欣赏夜晚之美而进行的旅行。它看到游客们寻找黑暗的天空区域来欣赏太阳系，并参加观星等活动。随着全球气温持续上升，白天的炎热，尤其是在夏季，让许多人感到不适，人们通常会围绕在凉爽的夜晚和清晨提供活动的目的地来计划他们的旅行)”和第三段“While achieving “immortality” might seem unrealistic, our interest in living longer and staying healthy shows no sign of slowing down. Data from Booking.com reveals that health-focused trips will take center stage in 2025, with tourists seeking experiences designed to improve their health. (虽然实现“永生”似乎不切实际，但我们对长寿和保持健康的兴趣并没有减弱的迹象。Booking.com的数据显示，以健康为重点的旅行将在2025年成为焦点，游客们寻求旨在改善健康的体验)”可知，作者通过分析因果关系和网站数据，使得旅游趋势的预测令人信服。故选B。 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津新四区·期末）People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise. Willpower is just like a muscle, to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success. Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis. The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It’s easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you’re passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently. The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do. Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits. 1．What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower? A．Keep it under control. B．Apply it continuously. C．Learn from entrepreneurs. D．Aim at success determinedly. 2．How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage? A．Out of habit. B．With determination. C．Like muscle building. D．By self-discipline 3．What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically? A．Practising it on a day-to-day basis. B．Associating it with improving health. C．Possessing a reasonable amount of talent. D．Foreseeing the desired outcome it will produce. 4．How does the art of self-control help us succeed? A．By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently. B．By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly. C．By enabling us to take positive actions. D．By allowing us to avoid taking risks. 5．Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control? A．Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-control. B．We may not get immediate rewards from self-control. C．Self-control tends to be associated with pains. D．Self-control only brings about small benefits. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了意志力是成功的关键，它与习惯相辅相成，以及如何通过锻炼和培养习惯来增强意志力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise.(坚强的决心能让你完成困难的事情。这是一种与生俱来的行为，而不是后天习得的；然而，不仅可以学习它，还可以通过不断的锻炼来加强它)”可知，要增强意志力需要不断锻炼运用它。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis.(我们几乎一半的日常行为是我们习惯的一部分，而不是我们的决定，所以一旦有了正确的习惯，你就会自动地在日常的基础上执行这些任务)”可知，我们几乎一半的日常行为是出于习惯。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.(将习惯与有价值的结果联系起来，会帮助你永久地坚持这个习惯)”可知，预见有建设性的事情所能带来的理想结果，会帮助人们自动坚持去做。故选D。 4．细节理解题。 根据第五段中“Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do.(自我控制能让你避免那些无助于成功的行为，并采取有助于成功的行为)”可知，自我控制通过让我们采取积极行动来帮助我们成功。故选C。 5．细节理解题。 根据第五段中“Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track.(因为自我控制伴随着延迟的满足感，所以很容易偏离轨道)”可知，维持自我控制之所以困难，是因为我们可能无法从自我控制中获得即时回报。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津新四区·期末） Human beings tend to follow the pack. Why is that? Dr. Gregory Berns tried to answer the question in an experiment. Berns gathered some people for a test. The test was simple-to mentally rotate (转动) some 3-D shapes and compare them to see whether they were the same or different. First, the volunteers wrote down their answers privately. But then they had to give the next series of answers out loud for everyone to hear. But this test came with a surprise. One of the participants, Jocelyn, had the answers in her hand. Everyone else had been told to follow her lead, except for Tony. He was being set up to see whether he would follow the pack. When the group gave the right answer, Tony agreed. And when everyone gave the wrong answer, Tony still agreed. Tony wasn’t alone. Berns put seven other unsuspecting test subjects on the hot seat. Barbara, for example, got 70 percent on the written test, but her score fell to 30 percent when she listened to others’ answers. David and Graham, unlike the others, gave the right answers, even when the group didn’t. Berns wanted to see what was happening in the brain during his experiment. Using an fMRI, Berns found that, during the moment of decision, his subjects’ brains lit up not in the area where thinking takes place, but in the back of the brain, where vision is interpreted. Essentially, their brains were misinterpreting messages -people actually believed what others told them they were seeing, not what they saw with their own eyes. And for those who went against the group, there was another interesting result: Their brains lit up in a place called the amygdala, which Berns calls “the fear center of the brain.” “And what we are seeing here, we think, is the fear of standing alone,” Berns said. So why do people follow the pack no matter how ridiculous (荒唐的) it seems? Perhaps it’s not so much about right and wrong. It might be that our brain gets confused between what it sees and what others tell us. Just knowing that might help us guard against it. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The result of the experiment. B．How the experiment was conducted. C．Why Dr. Gregory conducted the experiment. D．The science behind why people follow the pack. 2．What do we know about Tony after he listened to the majority? A．He ignored the truth. B．His test scores improved. C．He realized his mistakes. D．His teamwork spirit was inspired. 3．What led to Barbara’s behavior in the experiment? A．A part of her brain that controls fear was activated. B．A part of her brain that controls vision got confused. C．A part of her brain that controls thinking shut down. D．A part of her brain that controls language got mixed up. 4．What might be David and Graham’s worry according to Berns? A．Copying others’ behaviors. B．Giving the wrong answers. C．Failing to fit in with the group. D．Misunderstanding the rules. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Should We Stand by Our Own Beliefs? B．Why Is It Hard to Tell Right from Wrong? C．Why Is It Wise to Take Advice? D．Why Do People Follow the Crowd? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类为何倾向于随大流（follow the pack）的现象，并通过一项实验揭示了其背后的心理和神经科学机制。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The test was simple-to mentally rotate (转动) some 3-D shapes and compare them to see whether they were the same or different. First, the volunteers wrote down their answers privately. But then they had to give the next series of answers out loud for everyone to hear.(这项测试很简单——要求受试者在脑海中旋转一些三维图形，并将它们进行对比，判断它们是相同还是不同。首先，志愿者们私下写下自己的答案。但接下来，他们必须大声说出下一组答案，让所有人都能听到。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是实验是如何进行的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“He was being set up to see whether he would follow the pack. When the group gave the right answer, Tony agreed. And when everyone gave the wrong answer, Tony still agreed.(托尼则是被安排来观察他是否会随大流。当小组给出正确答案时，托尼表示同意。而当所有人都给出错误答案时，托尼仍然表示同意。)”可知，Tony无视真相。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Using an fMRI, Berns found that, during the moment of decision, his subjects’ brains lit up not in the area where thinking takes place, but in the back of the brain, where vision is interpreted. Essentially, their brains were misinterpreting messages—people actually believed what others told them they were seeing, not what they saw with their own eyes.(通过使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，伯恩斯发现，在做出决定的那一刻，受试者大脑中亮起的区域并非负责思考的区域，而是大脑后部负责视觉解读的区域。本质上，他们的大脑在误解信息——人们实际上相信的是别人告诉他们所看到的东西，而非他们亲眼所见。)”可知，大脑中控制视觉的部分混乱了导致了芭芭拉在实验中的行为。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Their brains lit up in a place called the amygdala, which Berns calls “the fear center of the brain.” “And what we are seeing here, we think, is the fear of standing alone,” Berns said.(他们大脑中一个名为杏仁核的区域亮了起来，伯恩斯称其为“大脑的恐惧中心”。伯恩斯说：“我们认为，这里所展现的是对独立的恐惧。”)”可知，在伯恩斯看来，大卫和格雷厄姆担心的是不能融入团队。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Human beings tend to follow the pack. Why is that? Dr. Gregory Berns tried to answer the question in an experiment.(人类总是随波逐流。为什么呢？格雷戈里·伯恩斯博士试图在一个实验中回答这个问题。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类为何倾向于随大流（follow the pack）的现象，并通过一项实验揭示了其背后的心理和神经科学机制，因此本文最好的题目是D选项“Why Do People Follow the Crowd?(为什么人们会随大流？)”。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津西青区·期末） The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually a ominous warning. But in the real world, it is a prediction — and a welcome one. The field of robotics has made impressive progress in the past year, as researchers have applied advances in artificial intelligence (AI) to machines, which gives robots of all kinds a dramatic brain upgrade. The latest advances in robotics will bring real and substantial benefits. One is that new “multimoda” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data from robotic sensors and actuators. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect give robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. And like a chatbot, a robot can be told to change its behaviour simply by changing a text prompt, something that would previously have required complex reprogramming. Another benefit is that robots are getting better at learning quickly through imitation and at applying one skill to another. This opens the door for robots to move out of factories and storehouses. Several companies and research groups are using the latest AI models to build human-like robots, which could cook, clean, and care for the aged and the needy. Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living. South Korea, Japan and China are all in the top five countries with the most robots for each factory worker. It is no coincidence that they are also ageing rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. In the coming years, attitudes could well change from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. 1．What does the underlined word “ominous” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Global. B．Early. C．Obvious. D．Threatening. 2．What do new “multimodal” AI models enable robots to do? A．Perform complex reprogramming. B．Have a conversation with humans. C．Respond to everyday language. D．Correct text instructions. 3．What does the author stress about robots in paragraph 3? A．They will play a key role in factories. B．They will take on more human tasks. C．They will require less human monitoring. D．They will benefit the aged more than others. 4．Why are South Korea, Japan and China mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show they have many robots. B．To explain the role of robots in ageing societies. C．To share their experience with robots. D．To discuss why their populations are ageing. 5．What is the author’s attitude to advances in robotics? A．Favourable. B．Unclear. C．Concerned. D．Flexible. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在现实世界中，机器人技术取得进步，最新进展带来实质性好处，未来应用前景广阔。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually a ominous warning. But in the real world, it is a prediction—and a welcome one. (机器人时代即将来临！在科幻小说中，这通常是一个ominous的警告。但在现实世界中，这是一个预测——也是一个受欢迎的预测。)”可知，在科幻小说中，机器人到来通常是不祥的警告，ominous意思是“不祥的，威胁的”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One is that new “multimoda” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data from robotic sensors and actuators. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. (其中之一是，新的“多模态”人工智能模型将语言和视觉的理解与机器人传感器和执行器的数据相结合。这使得用普通词汇与机器人打交道成为可能。)”可知，新的“多模态”人工智能模型使机器人能够回应日常语言。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Several companies and research groups are using the latest AI models to build human-like robots, which could cook, clean, and care for the aged and the needy. (几家公司和研究小组正在使用最新的人工智能模型制造类人机器人，这些机器人可以做饭、打扫卫生，照顾老年人和有需要的人。)”可知，作者在第三段中强调机器人将承担更多的人类任务。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“South Korea, Japan and China are all in the top five countries with the most robots for each factory worker. It is no coincidence that they are also ageing rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. (韩国、日本和中国都是每个工厂工人拥有机器人数量最多的五个国家之一。它们也在迅速老龄化，这并非巧合。如果没有机器人的帮助，更多的人可能不得不延长工作时间，推迟退休。)”可知，提到韩国、日本和中国是为了解释机器人在老龄化社会中的作用。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The latest advances in robotics will bring real and substantial benefits. (机器人技术的最新进展将带来实实在在的巨大好处。)”以及最后一段中“In the coming years, attitudes could well change from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. (在未来几年，人们对机器人的态度很可能会从害怕它们的到来转变为希望它们能更快到来。)”可知，作者对机器人技术的进步持支持态度。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津五区县·期末） Goldfish are known for their terrible memories. One common saying even says that they only have a three-second memory. Despite having no scientific basis, it has spread for many years. “What is confusing is that it’s pretty much the same wherever you go in the world,” Culumn Brown, an expert in fish, said. “In some places, it’s two seconds, and in others, it’s ten, but it’s always short.” However, is that really the case? Brown has studied the intelligence of fish, including goldfish, for more than 25 years. He said, “In reality, goldfish are often used as a common model for studying memory and learning in fish because of their good performance. And there are thousands of studies on goldfish.” For example, if goldfish are fed at only one side of their tank (缸)，they will quickly learn and remember to stay at that side at feeding times no matter whether they are actually fed. Similarly, if they are trained to push a red tool instead of the blue one, they will continue to show a preference for that color long after the experiment is finished. Despite these studies, people’s views on goldfish haven’t changed much. A big reason for this is that most people do not come across live fish in their daily life. And even when they do, people don’t spend time with fish the way that they do with other animals like cats. What’s more, people’s guilt (内疚) may be another factor in thinking poorly of goldfish’s memory. It makes them feel good about putting goldfish in a small tank. Goldfish properly cared for can live for 20 years, so owners might want to consider getting their pets large tanks with many objects and other fish, as well as taking the time to play games with them and teach them skills. After all, your goldfish might remember certain experiences for years to come. 1．What is pointed out about goldfish in the first paragraph? A．People worldwide like to keep them as pets. B．Their strange behavior confuses lots of people. C．Some studies have proved their terrible memories. D．Misunderstanding about their memory is common. 2．Why does the author mention the two examples in paragraph 2? A．To prove goldfish are easy to raise. B．To show goldfish have a good memory. C．To describe how goldfish form good eating habits. D．To explain why goldfish are smarter than other animals. 3．What may make people’s view on goldfish remain unchanged? A．The bad influence of goldfish on other fish. B．The poor relationship between goldfish and cats. C．People’s doubts about research and dislike for goldfish D．People’s unfamiliarity with goldfish and wish to reduce guilt. 4．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Pet owners are supposed to treat goldfish better. B．Pet owners ought to send goldfish back to sea. C．Mixing goldfish with other fish species is unwise. D．Raising goldfish is good for people’s mental health. 5．What may be the best title for the text? A．Are goldfish the smartest fish? B．Is it right to keep goldfish in a small tank? C．Do goldfish really have a short memory? D．Why are goldfish chosen for research? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们普遍认为金鱼记忆力差，但研究表明并非如此。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Goldfish are known for their terrible memories. One common saying even says that they only have a three-second memory. Despite having no scientific basis, it has spread for many years. (金鱼以其糟糕的记忆力而“闻名”。甚至有句常见的俗语说，它们的记忆只有三秒。尽管这一说法毫无科学依据，但却流传多年。)”可知，关于金鱼的记忆的误解很常见。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For example, if goldfish are fed at only one side of their tank(缸)，they will quickly learn and remember to stay at that side at feeding times no matter whether they are actually fed. Similarly, if they are trained to push a red tool instead of the blue one, they will continue to show a preference for that color long after the experiment is finished.(例如，如果只在鱼缸的一侧喂金鱼，它们会很快学会并记住在喂食时呆在那一边，不管它们是否真的被喂食。同样，如果训练它们推动红色工具而不是蓝色工具，即使在实验结束后很长时间，它们仍会继续表现出对红色的偏好。)”可知，作者在第二段中提到两个例子是为了表明金鱼记忆力好。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A big reason for this is that most people do not come across live fish in their daily life. And even when they do, people don’t spend time with fish the way that they do with other animals like cats. What’s more, people’s guilt (内疚) may be another factor in thinking poorly of goldfish’s memory. It makes them feel good about putting goldfish in a small tank.(一个主要原因是，大多数人在日常生活中不会遇到活鱼。即使他们遇到了，人们也不会像对待猫等其他动物那样花时间和鱼在一起。更重要的是，人们的内疚可能是认为金鱼记忆力差的另一个因素。这让他们觉得把金鱼放在小鱼缸里感觉很好。)”可知，人们对金鱼的不熟悉和希望减轻内疚感可能使人们对金鱼的看法保持不变。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Goldfish properly cared for can live for 20 years, so owners might want to consider getting their pets large tanks with many objects and other fish, as well as taking the time to play games with them and teach them skills.(如果照顾得当，金鱼可以活20年，所以主人可能会考虑给他们的宠物准备一个有很多物品和其他鱼的大鱼缸，以及花时间和它们玩游戏，教它们技能。)”可知，作者认为宠物主人应该更好地对待金鱼。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“One common saying even says that they only have a three-second memory. Despite having no scientific basis, it has spread for many years.(甚至有句常见的俗语说，它们的记忆只有三秒。尽管这一说法毫无科学依据，但却流传多年。)”以及最后一段中“After all, your goldfish might remember certain experiences for years to come.(毕竟，你的金鱼可能会在未来几年记住某些经历。)”可知，文章主要讨论了金鱼是否真的只有短暂的记忆，因此最佳标题是“Do goldfish really have a short memory?(金鱼真的只有短暂的记忆力吗？)”。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·天津蓟州·期末）A significant study, led by Sarah Gaither, a researcher from Duke University, shows that reminding children of their different social roles—like friend, neighbor, son, or daughter—can greatly improve their problem-solving skills and creative thinking. This research highlights the importance of self-awareness in early cognitive growth and gives useful advice for teachers and parents. The experiment included 196 English-speaking children aged 6 to 10. The children were split into two groups. The first group was reminded that they had various roles, such as son, daughter, reader or helper, while the second group of children received information about other children’s many roles instead of their own. Both groups then did tasks to test creativity, flexibility, and analytical skills. The results were clear. Children in the first group solved problems better. For example, when shown a picture of a bear looking at a high beehive (蜂巢), these children thought of more creative ideas—like using a stick to get honey or working with imaginary animals. They also adapted better when sorting facial photos. While the control group sorted faces by simple traits like gender or age, the first group used deeper details, like facial expressions or situations. Gaither says the results show a simple but useful method for teachers. “By teaching children to think about their roles, schools can help them develop skills for adaptability and new ideas,” she says. This matches social identity theory, which states that knowing many group memberships broadens views and reduces fixed thinking. “People often consider they belong to only one group at a time,” said Christopher Marlowe, a teacher in Durham, North Carolina, “When we make kids realize that they have different roles, they begin to think more and remember that there are many other groups. It will do good to their mental development.” 1．What is Sarah Gaither’s role in the study? A．A teacher designing classroom activities. B．A psychologist analyzing social behaviors. C．A journalist reporting on child development. D．A university researcher leading the study. 2．What does Paragraph 2 suggest about the experiment design? A．The first group learned about their roles. B．Children were grouped by their ages. C．The second group received no tasks. D．All participants listed family members. 3．Why does the author mention the example of the beehive? A．To emphasize the difficulty of the tests. B．To criticize traditional teaching methods. C．To show role awareness affects problem-solving. D．To compare children’s creativity with that of animals. 4．What can be inferred about children aware of multiple roles? A．They struggle with group cooperation. B．They develop broader views on social issues. C．They rely more on adults for decision-making. D．They prefer individual activities over teamwork. 5．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from? A．A history book. B．An art magazine. C．A science magazine. D．A technical instruction book. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一项关于儿童认知发展的研究，介绍了研究背景、实验设计、结果和专家观点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A significant study, led by Sarah Gaither, a researcher from Duke University, shows that reminding children of their different social roles—like friend, neighbor, son, or daughter—can greatly improve their problem-solving skills and creative thinking.(杜克大学研究员Sarah Gaither主导的一项重要研究表明，让孩子们意识到自己所扮演的不同社会角色 ——比如朋友、邻居、儿子或女儿 —— 能显著提升他们的问题解决能力和创造性思维)可知，Sarah Gaither是杜克大学的研究员，并且主导了这项研究。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The experiment included 196 English-speaking children aged 6 to 10. The children were split into two groups. The first group was reminded that they had various roles, such as son, daughter, reader or helper, while the second group of children received information about other children’s many roles instead of their own.(实验涵盖了196名6至10岁、以英语为母语的儿童。这些孩子被分为两组：第一组被提醒他们拥有多种角色，例如儿子、女儿、读者或帮手；而第二组孩子则被告知其他孩子的多种角色，而非自己的)”可知，第一组孩子被提醒自己拥有多种角色，第二组则了解其他孩子的角色，即第一组学习了关于自己的角色。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The results were clear. Children in the first group solved problems better. For example, when shown a picture of a bear looking at a high beehive (蜂巢), these children thought of more creative ideas—like using a stick to get honey or working with imaginary animals.(结果十分明确。第一组的孩子解决问题的能力更强。例如，当看到一张熊望着高处蜂巢的图片时，这些孩子能想出更有创意的办法——比如用棍子够蜂蜜，或是和想象中的动物合作)”可知，作者提到蜂巢的例子是为了说明第一组孩子（被提醒自身多种角色的孩子）在解决问题时能想出更有创意的方法，如用棍子够蜂蜜或与想象中的动物合作。这一例子具体展示了角色意识对问题解决能力的积极影响。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This matches social identity theory, which states that knowing many group memberships broadens views and reduces fixed thinking.(这与社会认同理论相符，该理论认为，认识到自己属于多个群体能拓宽视野，减少思维定式)”可知，了解自己属于多个群体（即意识到多种角色）能拓宽视野、减少思维定式。由此可推断，意识到多种角色的孩子会对社会问题形成更广阔的看法。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章围绕一项关于“孩子意识到多种角色对其解决问题能力和思维方式影响”的研究展开，详细介绍了研究背景、实验设计、结果及结论，属于科学研究范畴的内容。由此推知，本文最有可能来自一本科学杂志。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the time we’ve gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we’ve been woken up by the alarm to do it all again. Come the weekend, and we’re totally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-up time just to stay in sync (协调、一致) enough to start again on Monday. Welcome to social jet lag. That’s the term for the disparity (明显差异) between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant. For night owls — those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later — there can be significant health-related issues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and Francis Group online. The study concludes the further the divergence between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues — including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic problems. And because so many jobs and tasks start early, night owls are effectively forced into harmonizing with the early birds. So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie in? “It’s the worst thing you can do,” says Professor Till Rosenberg, professor of chronobiology at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people’s sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half correlates with their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign (重新校准) your genetic tendencies. Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepy as the light dissipates. But modern life, with its artificial light and modern devices, such as computers and smartphones, means we have deviated. Now we are exposed to more light for longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. For night owls, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further. One solution, beyond changing society’s early-start tendencies, is to reorient our body clock by manipulating our exposure to light by taking more sunlight in the morning and minimizing the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening — particularly on electronic devices — we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It’s far from easy, but better that than losing your whole weekend to sleep. 1．According to the passage, what is the main cause of social jet lag? A．The natural rhythm of night owls. B．The difference between workdays and weekends. C．The use of artificial light. D．The lack of sunlight in the morning. 2．According to the passage, what might be a reason why night owls struggle with social jet lag more than early birds? A．They have more demanding jobs. B．They are genetically predisposed to stay up late. C．They prefer to sleep during the day. D．They are less disciplined with their sleep schedules. 3．What is the primary purpose of the passage? A．To argue for a change in society’s work hours. B．To explain the concept of social jet lag and its potential health impacts. C．To promote the use of artificial light. D．To compare the lifestyles of night owls and early birds. 4．In the context of the passage, what does “lie in” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．A period of rest after illness. B．A delay in starting work. C．A comfortable bed. D．Sleeping in late. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“社会性时差”，即工作日与周末睡眠时间差异的概念，指出其对夜猫子群体的健康风险，并建议通过调节光照来调整生物钟，而非强行改变基因决定的睡眠模式。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s the term for the disparity (明显差异) between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. (这个术语指的是因责任而固定睡眠时间的工作日与可以自由选择起床时间的周末之间的睡眠模式差异)”可知，社会性时差的主要原因是工作日和周末睡眠模式存在差异。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This is because people’s sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half correlates with their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign (重新校准) your genetic tendencies. (这是因为人们的睡眠模式有50%由基因决定，另外50%则与年龄和环境相关。单纯减少睡眠时间很难改变基因决定的生理倾向)”可知，夜猫子比早起者更难适应社会性时差，可能是因为他们基因上倾向于晚睡。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Welcome to social jet lag. (欢迎了解“社会性时差”)”和第三段中“The study concludes the further the divergence between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues — including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic problems. (研究表明，工作日与周末睡眠时间的差异越大，健康问题就越严重——包括心脏病及其他代谢类疾病的风险显著升高)”可知，文章围绕social jet lag“社会性时差”展开，介绍了其概念、成因、健康风险及应对措施，可推知其主要目的是解释社会性时差的概念及其潜在健康影响。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“For night owls — those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later (对于“夜猫子”——即那些天生作息较晚、习惯晚睡晚起的人群而言)”可知，夜猫子习惯晚睡晚起，因此让他们融入的话需要他们牺牲“睡懒觉”，画线部分指“睡懒觉”。故选D项。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·天津南开中学·期末）One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world. “The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats (麝鼠), shrews (鼩睛) and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoon now lives in Washington D．C．, and moose (驼鹿) are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons (游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U. S. cities to prey on pigeons. Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent £750,000 to buy land and build10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict (荒废的) lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben. For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (悬崖栖息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food. Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds. 1．The passage mentions a significant increase in mammal species in New York’s Central Park to _________. A．Highlight the unexpected diversity found in small urban parks. B．Provide evidence supporting the claim that wildlife in urban areas is increasing. C．Contrast the wildlife success in New York with the failure in other cities. D．Argue that shrews and flying squirrels are better adapted to cities than foxes. 2．Which of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities? A．Food is plentiful in the cities. B．Wildlife is threatened by predators in the wild. C．Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities D．Air and water quality has improved in the cities 3．The underlined word “tallied” in Para.2 means _________. A．Distinguished B．described C．counted D．excluded 4．The example of San Francisco testing rainwater basins implies that _________. A．Cities prioritize bird attraction over clean water management: B．Ecological benefits and practical functions cannot be achieved at the same time. C．Wildlife habitats in cities can be designed to serve dual purposes. D．Birds are the best indicator species for urban water cleanliness. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Wildlife returning to large cities B．Foxes returning to London C．Wild animals living in zoos D．A survey of wildlife in New York 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍随着环境改善等多种因素，野生动物正回归城市，以伦敦、纽约等地为例阐述这一现象及原因，并提及城市可通过创造多功能栖息地吸引野生动物。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段““The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland.(马里兰州哥伦比亚市国家城市野生动物研究所所长戈默·琼斯说：“城市地区野生动物的数量和种类正在增加。”)”，紧接着提到纽约中央公园哺乳动物物种数量的显著增加，可知此处提及该内容是为了提供证据支持城市野生动物数量在增加这一观点。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution - control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges have been created.(首先，由于20世纪70年代的污染控制措施，许多城市的空气和水质得到了改善。与此同时，农村地区得到了开发，许多动物来到了郊区边缘。此外，城市还建立了野生动物保护区)”以及第四段“for cities afforded abundant food(因为城市提供了丰富的食物)”可知，A选项“Food is plentiful in the cities.(城市里食物充足)”、C选项“Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities(城市里建立了野生动物保护区)”、D选项“Air and water quality has improved in the cities(城市的空气和水质得到了改善)”均是野生动物回归城市的原因。B选项“Wildlife is threatened by predators in the wild.(野生动物在野外受到捕食者的威胁)”在文中未提及是野生动物回归城市的原因。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第二段“A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats(麝鼠), shrews(鼩睛) and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species.(去年对纽约中央公园野生动物的一项调查tallied哺乳动物的种类，包括麝鼠、鼩鼱和飞鼠。19 世纪 90 年代进行的一项类似调查仅统计出了五个物种)”可知，此处“tallied”与“counted”意思相近，意为“统计，计数”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The trick is to create habitats where they can be self - sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.(诀窍在于创造栖息地，让它们能够自给自足，同时又能被看到和欣赏。这样的栖息地甚至可以具有功能性。在旧金山，当地政府正在测试不同类型的雨水控制盆地，不仅要看看哪些能保持最清洁的水，还要看看哪些能吸引最多的鸟类)”可知，旧金山测试雨水盆地的例子表明城市中的野生动物栖息地可以被设计成具有双重目的，既保持水质又吸引鸟类。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。文章开篇以伦敦狐狸回归为例，接着阐述城市野生动物数量和种类增加这一现象，分析其原因，并提及城市可创造多功能栖息地吸引野生动物，整体围绕野生动物回归大城市展开。A选项“Wildlife returning to large cities(野生动物回归大城市)”符合文章主旨。故选A项。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末） If your job involves sitting in front of a screen all day, there’s a good chance your eyes are paying the price. After hours of emails, video calls, and spreadsheets, you may be left with symptoms like a headache, dry or uncomfortable eyes, and blurry vision. “It’s an occupational hazard in a digital society,” says Dr. Douglas Wisner at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. Amy Watts from Massachusetts Eye and Ear hospital explains there are two main reasons for this. First, you blink much less than normal when you’ re focusing on a screen, which dries out the eyes. “Your eyelids are like your windshield wipers on your car. They’ re making sure that the surface is smooth and clear,” she says. “When you’ re not blinking as much, it’s as if raindrops are accumulating on your windshield, making it harder to see.” Second, our eye muscles get tired from focusing on a fixed point for hours. These tired muscles can cause temporarily blurred vision and other symptoms. To combat this, taking visual breaks is crucial. The 20/20/20 rule — looking20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes — is often suggested. However, recent research indicates that longer breaks, like five minutes every hour, might be more effective. Watts also advises that short breaks are a good time to stretch and move, benefiting overall health. Eye drops can also help counter the dryness that comes from reduced blinking. You can use eye drops to treat symptoms you’ re already experiencing, but they work best when used preventively. As for blue-light blocking glasses, Steven Reed from the American Optometric Association (美国验光协会) says they don’t hurt, but there’s little data supporting their effectiveness against eye strain. However, limiting screen time before bed is advisable, as night-time device use can disrupt sleep, contributing to fatigue and strain. Reed also notes that persistent eye strain can signal underlying vision issues, so consult an eye professional if symptoms persist despite breaks and eye drops. In addition to taking breaks, adjusting your workspace can also help reduce eye strain. Ensure your screen is at a proper distance, about an arm’s length away, and positioned so that the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level. Reducing screen glare by using curtains or adjustable lights can also minimize eye discomfort. 1．Which of the following does not belong to symptoms of eye issues according to Paragraph 1? A．Headache. B．Eye discomfort. C．Blurred vision. D．More blinking. 2．How does Doctor Amy Watts explain the reasons in Paragraph 2? A．By providing a technical definition. B．By presenting a counter-argument. C．By using similes to explain concepts. D．By listing data as supporting evidence. 3．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? A．Ease. B．Calculate. C．Relax. D．Extend. 4．Which of the following is NOT a suggestion given by Steven Reed? A．Reduce night-device use before going to bed. B．Consult eye doctors for continual symptoms. C．Use curtains or adjust lights to avoid screen glare. D．Wear blue-light blocking glasses all day and night. 5．What is the purpose of quoting the experts such as Dr. Douglas Wisner, Amy Watts and Steven Reed? A．To make the passage longer and more complex. B．To add various individual opinions to the topic. C．To lend credibility and authority to the information. D．To advertise specific hospitals and associations. 6．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The development of eye care systems in the USA． B．Causes of eye issues and possible solutions. C．The benefits of blue-light blocking glasses. D．Impacts of smart devices on eye issues. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长时间使用电子设备对眼睛造成的伤害及其原因，并提供了一些缓解方法和建议 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的句子“After hours of emails, video calls, and spreadsheets, you may be left with symptoms like a headache, dry or uncomfortable eyes, and blurry vision. (几个小时的电子邮件、视频通话和电子表格后，你可能会出现头痛、眼睛干涩或不舒服、视力模糊等症状。)”可知，眼睛问题的症状包括头痛、眼睛干涩或不适以及视力模糊。而“更多眨眼”（More blinking）与这些症状不符。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的句子““Your eyelids are like your windshield wipers on your car. They’ re making sure that the surface is smooth and clear,” she says. “When you’ re not blinking as much, it’s as if raindrops are accumulating on your windshield, making it harder to see.” (“你的眼皮就像汽车挡风玻璃上的雨刷。他们要确保表面光滑干净，”她说。“当你不经常眨眼时，就好像雨滴在你的挡风玻璃上积聚，让你更难看清。”)”可知，Amy Watts使用了类比来帮助理解。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文的“Eye drops (眼药水)”和下文的“the dryness that comes from reduced blinking (眨眼减少导致的干涩)”可知，眼药水的作用肯定是帮助缓解眼睛干涩，所以划线单词counter的意义为“抵消；缓解”，与ease意义相近。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As for blue-light blocking glasses, Steven Reed from the American Optometric Association (美国验光协会) says they don’t hurt, but there’s little data supporting their effectiveness against eye strain. However, limiting screen time before bed is advisable, as night-time device use can disrupt sleep, contributing to fatigue and strain. Reed also notes that persistent eye strain can signal underlying vision issues, so consult an eye professional if symptoms persist despite breaks and eye drops. In addition to taking breaks, adjusting your workspace can also help reduce eye strain. Ensure your screen is at a proper distance, about an arm’s length away, and positioned so that the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level. Reducing screen glare by using curtains or adjustable lights can also minimize eye discomfort. (至于防蓝光眼镜，美国验光协会的史蒂文·里德表示，它们不会造成伤害，但几乎没有数据表明其对缓解眼疲劳有效。不过，睡前限制使用电子设备是有益的，因为夜间使用设备会扰乱睡眠，导致疲劳和眼疲劳。里德还指出，持续的眼疲劳可能预示着潜在的视力问题，所以如果症状持续存在，即便休息和使用眼药水也无法缓解，应咨询眼科医生。除了休息之外，调整工作环境也能帮助减轻眼疲劳。确保屏幕距离适当，大约一臂远，并且屏幕顶部应与眼睛平齐或略低。使用窗帘或可调节的灯光减少屏幕反光，也能减轻眼睛不适。)”可知，Steven Reed并没有建议全天候佩戴蓝光阻隔眼镜。故选D项。 5． 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的句子““It’s an occupational hazard in a digital society,” says Dr. Douglas Wisner at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. (费城威尔斯眼科医院的Douglas Wisner医生说：“这是数字社会的一种职业危害。”)”，第二段的句子“Amy Watts from Massachusetts Eye and Ear hospital explains there are two main reasons for this. (马萨诸塞州眼耳医院的Amy Watts解释说，这主要有两个原因。)”和最后一段的句子“As for blue-light blocking glasses, Steven Reed from the American Optometric Association (美国验光协会) says they don’t hurt, but there’s little data supporting their effectiveness against eye strain. (至于防蓝光眼镜，美国验光协会的Steven Reed说，这种眼镜不会造成伤害，但很少有数据支持它对眼睛疲劳的有效性。)”可知，引用这些专家的观点是为了增加文章的可信度和权威性，使读者更信服文章中关于眼睛问题及其解决方案的讨论。故选C项。 6．主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是第一段的句子“If your job involves sitting in front of a screen all day, there’s a good chance your eyes are paying the price. After hours of emails, video calls, and spreadsheets, you may be left with symptoms like a headache, dry or uncomfortable eyes, and blurry vision. (如果你的工作需要整天坐在屏幕前，你的眼睛很有可能会为此付出代价。几个小时的电子邮件、视频通话和电子表格后，你可能会出现头痛、眼睛干涩或不舒服、视力模糊等症状。)”可知，文章主要讨论了长时间使用电子设备导致的眼睛问题及其原因，并提供了一些解决方案，如视觉休息、使用眼药水等。故选B项。 Passage 9 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期末） Suppose you’re looking ahead to your evenings as a chance to catch up on the latest TV series or televised sport. Nothing looks more attractive to you than your couch. In the back of your mind, though, runs the possibility of using that time to figure out how to complete the home craft project. That project so far has become so complicated that it will take you at least an hour of watching instructional videos to complete it. You know that you’d feel proud of yourself if you got it done. However, the couch’s appeal becomes too hard to resist, and so the project will have to be abandoned. According to California State University’s Max Alberhasky, your situation is a typical example of what’s called the “happiness paradox”. Simply stated, this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from applying their skills. Put somewhat differently, when you’re looking at how to spend your leisure time right in the moment, you’re less likely to consider the long-term consequences of your decision. It’s an irrational (不理性的) choice because what will really make you happier is being busy with an activity that allows you to expand and strengthen your skills. In one experiment conducted in the lab, undergraduates participated in either the high-skill activity of playing the online game “2048” (where you build chains of sums) or the low-skill activity of playing “Plinko” (a game based merely on luck). Participants playing the “2048” game reported being happier and finding more meaning in the activity than the “Plinko” players did. You now know why the couch looks so inviting compared to the halfway-done home project that just seems like it will be too hard and. hence, not very attractive. You can only pull yourself away from what will eventually be a less beneficial choice if you project yourself into the future and think about how good you’ll feel when it’s done and you can stand back and admire your work. 1．Why do we tend to give up the home craft project? A．We usually ignore easy activities. B．We prefer rewarding tasks. C．We seek instant pleasures. D．We focus on long-term interests. 2．What leads to the “happiness paradox”? A．Escaping from demanding tasks. B．Not finding a worthwhile job. C．Escaping from boring tasks. D．Not realizing a job’s value. 3．What can we infer from the experiment in Paragraph 4? A．Lower level of difficulty brings more benefits. B．Higher level of difficulty means more fun. C．Low-skill activities are more interesting. D．High-skill activities are less instructive. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Keep improving ourselves. B．Find pleasure in the process. C．Have a passion for our job. D．Imagine potential rewards. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a psychological barrier to fulfillment. B．To compare different types of leisure activities. C．To criticize people’s addiction to present enjoyment. D．To promote the benefits of high-skill video games. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了“幸福悖论”这一现象，解释了人们为何倾向于放弃有挑战性的项目而选择轻松的休闲活动，并通过实验说明高技能活动更能带来快乐和意义，最后给出应对建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Simply stated, this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from applying their skills. (简单地说，这就是人们倾向于选择一种几乎不需要花费精力的休闲活动，尽管他们知道真正的情绪提升来自于运用自己的技能。)”以及第三段“Put somewhat differently, when you’ re looking at how to spend your leisure time right in the moment, you’ re less likely to consider the long-term consequences of your decision. It’s an irrational (不理性的) choice because what will really make you happier is being busy with an activity that allows you to expand and strengthen your skills. (换句话说，当你在考虑当下如何度过你的休闲时间时，你不太可能考虑你的决定所带来的长期后果。这是一个不理性的选择，因为真正能让你更快乐的是忙于一项能让你扩展和加强技能的活动。)”结合第一段中描述的想完成家庭手工艺项目但最终因沙发吸引力太大而放弃的例子，可知我们倾向于放弃家庭手工艺项目是因为我们寻求即时快乐，而不是考虑长期利益和运用技能带来的真正快乐。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Simply stated, this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from applying their skills. (简单地说，这就是人们倾向于选择一种几乎不需要花费精力的休闲活动，尽管他们知道真正的情绪提升来自于运用自己的技能。)”可知，人们知道运用技能能带来真正的情绪提升，但还是倾向于选择轻松的活动，这是逃避有挑战性、要求高的任务导致的“幸福悖论”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Participants playing the “2048” game reported being happier and finding more meaning in the activity than the “Plinko” players did. (参与玩“2048”游戏的参与者报告说，他们比玩“Plinko”游戏的参与者更快乐，并且在活动中发现了更多的意义。)”以及“2048”是高技能活动，“Plinko”是低技能活动，可知高技能活动比低技能活动能带来更多快乐和意义，即难度更高的活动意味着更多乐趣。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You can only pull yourself away from what will eventually be a less beneficial choice if you project yourself into the future and think about how good you’ ll feel when it’s done and you can stand back and admire your work. (只有当你展望未来，想象完成后你会感觉有多好，然后可以退后一步欣赏自己的作品时，你才能让自己摆脱最终会是一个不太有利的选择。)”可知，作者建议我们想象潜在的奖励，这样才能让自己摆脱不太有利的选择。故选D。 5．推理判断题。第二段“According to California State University’s Max Alberhasky, your situation is a typical example of what’s called the ‘happiness paradox’. Simply stated, this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from applying their skills. (根据加州州立大学的马克斯·阿尔伯哈斯基的说法，你的情况就是所谓的‘幸福悖论’的一个典型例子。简单地说，这就是人们倾向于选择一种几乎不需要花费精力的休闲活动，尽管他们知道真正的情绪提升来自于运用自己的技能。)”引出“幸福悖论”这一核心话题，接着围绕该话题展开多方面阐述，包括产生原因、相关实验以及应对建议等。整篇文章主要是围绕解释人们实现满足感过程中的心理障碍，即“幸福悖论”展开的。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $