北京八年级第二学期英语期末测试（外研版Unit1-unit 6）

**基本信息** 贴合北京中考命题导向，以核心素养为引领，覆盖听、说、读、写全维度，融入北京公共交通、中秋节等真实文化场景，难度梯度合理（6:3:1），题型规范仿真。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|-|时态、介词等基础语言知识|聚焦语境中知识运用，如农场派对场景| |完形填空|-|语境逻辑分析|通过钢琴误操作等真实情境考查推理| |阅读理解|-|主旨归纳、细节推理|湿地篇主旨题、情绪理论篇推理题培养思维品质| |阅读表达|-|信息整合|结合湿地保护主题考查语言输出| |文段表达|-|书面沟通|旅行安全、成长经历等贴近生活主题，引导主动运用|

八年级英语双向细目表 双向细目表 题号 题型 分值 知识点 难度系数（预估） 1 单项填空 0.5 人称代词宾格 0.85 2 单项填空 0.5 时间介词in/on/at 0.85 3 单项填空 0.5 情态动词can表请求 0.8 4 单项填空 0.5 形容词原级as…as 0.8 5 单项填空 0.5 并列连词or表否则 0.75 6 单项填空 0.5 疑问词why（因果） 0.85 7 单项填空 0.5 一般现在时（习惯性动作） 0.8 8 单项填空 0.5 现在进行时now 0.8 9 单项填空 0.5 现在完成时for+时间段 0.7 10 单项填空 0.5 过去进行时when 0.7 11 单项填空 0.5 一般现在时被动语态 0.65 12 单项填空 0.5 宾语从句（语序+时态） 0.65 13 完形填空 1 形容词词义辨析（special） 0.75 14 完形填空 1 名词词义辨析（candy） 0.8 15 完形填空 1 动词词义辨析（join in） 0.75 16 完形填空 1 副词词义辨析（smoothly） 0.7 17 完形填空 1 名词词义辨析（noise） 0.75 18 完形填空 1 动词词义辨析（miss） 0.7 19 完形填空 1 动词词义辨析（fly） 0.8 20 完形填空 1 动词词义辨析（invite） 0.65 21 阅读理解A 2 细节理解（交通匹配） 0.85 22 阅读理解A 2 细节理解（交通匹配） 0.85 23 阅读理解A 2 细节理解（交通匹配） 0.8 24 阅读理解B 2 细节理解（因果） 0.8 25 阅读理解B 2 细节理解（情感态度） 0.75 26 阅读理解B 2 主旨理解（道理） 0.7 27 阅读理解C 2 细节理解（湿地特征） 0.8 28 阅读理解C 2 细节理解（湿地作用） 0.75 29 阅读理解C 2 主旨标题 0.65 30 阅读理解D 2 词义猜测（venting） 0.7 31 阅读理解D 2 细节理解（减压方式） 0.75 32 阅读理解D 2 细节理解（研究结论） 0.7 33 阅读理解D 2 写作目的 0.65 34 阅读表达 2 细节回答（事实） 0.75 35 阅读表达 2 细节回答（原因） 0.7 36 阅读表达 2 细节回答（方式） 0.7 37 阅读表达 4 观点表达（理由支撑） 0.6 38 文段表达 10 应用文写作（书信/发言稿） 0.55 $ 八年级期末英语试题 姓名 __________ 准考证号 考场号 座位号 考 生 须 知 1. 本试卷共9页，共两部分，39道小题，满分60分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。 3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。 第一部分 本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分） 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. My brother Li Hua often visits museums. It helps ______ learn about history and culture. A．them B．him C．her D．me 2. The 15th National Games held _________ November, 2025. A．at B．on C．in D．to 3. —________ we meet after school to go to the Children’s Home, Peter? —Sorry, I can’t today. How about tomorrow? A．Need B．Must C．May D．Can 4. Someday our city will become as ________ as Shanghai. A．busy B．busier C．less busy D．the busiest 5. Don’t play computer games too much, ________ your eyes will get tired. A．so B．but C．for D．or 6. — ________ is Yuan Longping called“the Father of Rice”? — Because he helped many countries grow more rice. A. How B. Why C. Where D. When 7. — What do you usually do in your free time, Betty? — I ________ space models at home. It’s a great way to relax. A. make B．made C．will make D．was making 8. Don’t make noise, please. We ________ an English class now. A. have B. will have C. is having D. had 9. Steve ________ basketball for 2 years. Now he is good at it. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played 10. I _________ a book in the library when it began to rain yesterday. A. read B. will read C. was reading D. has read 11. The Mid-Autumn Festival ________ on the fifth day of the eighth lunar month every year. A. is celebrated B．was celebrated C．celebrates D．celebrated 12. —Do you know ________ during the May Day holiday? —He cleaned up the city park with his classmates. A．what Tim will do B．what Tim did C．what will Tim do D．what did Tim do 二、 完形填空( 每题 1 分, 共 8 分) 阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 My family had never done anything different before. So when Aunt Jen invited us to her yearly spring farm party, I was really excited. I decided to make the day 13 ， so I baked cupcakes for the party and decorated them to look like soft sheep by using some candies. “Yummy!” My sister Indi said with a laugh, quickly picking up a 14 . “That’s enough, Indi! I need those for my sheep!” “Do real sheep eat these?” “They’re just for making the cupcakes look cute !” I laughed too. Soon, Indi and my brother Tex 15 in. They added so many candies that their cupcakes looked more like strange animals than my sheep. “Time to go now,” Dad announced. But things didn’t go 16 as usual. First, Tex couldn’t find his shoes. Then Mom realized she’d left her wallet at home. Halfway to Aunt Jen’s, Indi suddenly needed a bathroom. We had to take a long way to find one. Dad then tried a new back road, but it only led us farther away. As we were in the middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange 17 and stopped. “Help won’t come for at least an hour,” Mom said, sounding tired. “Now we’ll 18 the whole party!” Tex complained. Dad smiled and pointed to a field full of colorful flowers. “Why not have our own picnic here?” At first, we weren’t excited about it, but as we spread out the blanket and started eating, something amazing happened. A huge butterfly gently landed on Indi’s knee. Nearby, two small rabbits jumped across the grass, happily eating. Suddenly, we heard a loud rustling（沙沙声）, and hundreds of birds shot up from the trees, 19 to the sky in huge circles above us. “Wow!” I cried. “It’s like magic!” “Migration (迁徙) season,” Dad said. “These birds travel through California every spring—millions of them!” We never made it to Aunt Jen’s farm, but that didn’t matter. Sitting in that field, enjoying my cupcakes under the open sky, I understood something important: when things don’t work out, disappointments (失望) may 20 unexpected wonders. So keep your eyes open, and you might find joy right around you! 13． A．fresh B．special C．clear D．serious 14． A．candy B．banana C．tomato D．flower 15．A．bought B．accepted C．joined D．ordered 16．A．suddenly B．freely C．quietly D．smoothly 17．A．chance B．energy C．noise D．storm 18．A．improve B．share C．bring D．miss 19．A．trying B．flying C．dropping D．allowing 20．A．hide B．invite C．forget D．avoid 三、 阅读理解( 每题 2 分, 共 26 分) 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 (1) 阅读下列关于北京公共交通工具的介绍，请根据人物需求匹配最适合的交通工具，并将所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A There are rich travel ways in Beijing. If you want to get around the big city, please read the following guide and you will find the way you like. A. Shared Bicycle A shared bicycle is easy to borrow and return. If you’re travelling a short distance, this would be the best choice. You can view the scenery and do exercise at the same time. B. Taxi The taxi is the main transportation service in Beijing. You can set your destination by a mini-app on your phone, and then a driver will come to pick you up. It’s a comfortable way, but a bit expensive. C. Subway The subway is a quick and cheap way to get around the city. There are always English signs at the stations. But there may be “circle lines”. So be careful, or you may waste your time. D. High-speed Train High-speed trains are more likely to be on time, because they are less influenced by weather or traffic control. You can take a high-speed train to get to the Daxing Airport within 30 minutes. ( ) 21. Linda is on her cheapest trip around Beijing and she knows little about Chinese. So she wants to choose the transportation with more English signs. She could take the ________. ( ) 22. Peter is a foreign student in a university. He loves Chinese culture and history, so he always views the scenery in Hutong. He could take the _________. ( ) 23. Susan got up late in the morning. In order to make sure to get to the Daxing airport on time, she could take the __________. （2） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B “Do re mi fa sol la ti do,” came the sound from the piano. “Mommy,” called Dina. “Do you think I play nicely?” “Yes,” said Mommy from the kitchen. “It’s music to my ears.” Mommy tried to ignore (忽视) the noise. Dina knew that she really didn’t know how to play the piano, and that Mommy just said so to make her feel good. Dina had an idea. She saw a metal candy dish on the piano’s wing and poured out the candies. She placed the dish’s edge on the highest piano key and dragged (拖，拽) it along the others. “Wow, that is nice. Just like a real song,” she said. “Mommy, can you hear me?” she called. But Mommy was on the telephone and couldn’t answer her. Then Dina stopped and noticed there were some scribbles (随意的线条或图案) on every single key. She tried to clean off the scribbles, but it didn’t work. “Oh no, what am I going to do?” cried Dina. “Mommy is going to be so upset with me. I shouldn’t have used the candy dish to play the piano.” Dina heard Mommy hang up the phone. Scared of her mom’s reaction to the damaged piano, she ran out of the back door and hid in the treehouse. She couldn’t hear what was happening in the house but she could only imagine the worst. A few hours later, Dina got very tired and finally she fell asleep. Suddenly, Dina woke up to barking dogs. Two policemen found her. They said they’d been looking for her for hours as her mother was worried. Dina realized she’d not only ruined the piano keys but also made Mommy worry. “Dina, there you are!” Mommy hugged her tightly and said, “Are you OK? I want you to know that I’ll always love you. You can always talk to me, Dina. The key in life is to face problems instead of running away.” “Even if it means facing scratched (有划痕的) piano keys?” asked Dina. “Even if it means facing scratched piano keys,” said Mommy. 24. What do we know about the scribbles on the piano keys？ A. They were drawn by Dina’s mother. B.They could be easily cleaned off. C.They were caused by the candy dish. D.They were there before Dina played. 24. How did Dina feel seeing the scratched piano keys? A．Excited. B．Proud. C．Careless. D．Fearful. 25. What can we learn from Mommy’s words in the last paragraph？ A. It’s better to hide when making mistakes. B. Facing problems bravely is important in life. C. Piano keys are more important than family. D. Parents should always forgive children’s mistakes. C If you search for places of beauty, wetlands probably won’t be high on your list. Wetlands are areas of land that are often completely wet with water. Although they might not look very pretty, the roles that they play in nature might go beyond many people’s imagination. Wetlands appear naturally in almost every part of the world. There are many different types of wetlands on Earth. Along with rainforests, they are among the most diverse (多样的) places on Earth. Besides natural wetlands, humans are also creating man-made ones for a number of purposes about water management. One of the main advantages of wetlands is that they can prevent floods. They do so by storing water for a certain time and then slowly releasing (释放) it over time. Wetlands operate similarly to a sponge (海绵). When it rains heavily and water levels rise, they take in the extra water which may cause floods. This prevents water from entering rivers and streams. Then, when water levels become low later, they will release it. In many cases, wetlands offer a much more natural way than dams (坝). However, it’s important to note that wetlands, like dams, don’t stop all dangers from flooding. Once there is a very heavy rainfall, wetlands may fill up and any extra water will start to run off. Wetlands also play a part in cleaning water. Farming actions and city waste are main causes of water pollution. Wetlands include plants and organisms that can reduce this pollution by clearing out unwanted things. Wetlands have other advantages for the environment as well. They can help to feed nearby fish populations by releasing something that can be used as food for them into rivers. Also, many animals like frogs use wetlands as baby-raising grounds because they provide the place for catching food and the water required. Some birds also come to the wetlands for food and shelter. Although wetlands may not look pretty, it’s clear that they are able to do the important work which is necessary to make sure that the circle of life remains unbroken. 27．What are the wetlands like? A．They only appear in Asia. B．They are always wet areas with water. C．There is one type of wetland on Earth. D．They are more important than the rainforests. 28．What can we learn about wetlands from the passage? A．People create man-made wetlands to deal with water. B．People praise wetlands for natural beauty. C．Wetlands can solve the pollution problems. D．Wetlands can completely prevent the dangers caused by floods. 29．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Wetlands—Circle of Life B．Wetlands—Home of Living Things C．Wetlands—Friend of Earth D．Wetlands—Cleaner of Environment D A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 30．What does the underlined word “venting” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Holding back strong emotions inside. B．Hiding one’s true thoughts carefully. C．Letting out one’s angry feelings. D．Controlling physical responses to threats. 31．According to the passage, what is a good example of reducing anger? A．Doing deep breathing exercises regularly. B. Shouting loudly when feeling happy. C．Playing boxing to release angry feelings. D. Jogging alone after a fight with others. 32．What can you learn from the passage? A．Venting anger by shouting or hitting things is an effective way to reduce it. B．Yoga helps reduce anger because it slows down the heart rate. C．All activities that increase physical responses will make anger worse. D．The study by Kjaervik and Bushman only involved young people. 33．The purpose of the article is to________. A．To prove that physical responses have no link to emotional feelings. B．To explain why traditional ways of dealing with anger are popular. C．To advise people to replace all physical activities with yoga. D．To present a new study’s findings on effective anger reduction.。 第二部分 本部分共 5 题, 共 20 分。 根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。 4、 阅读表达(34-36 题, 每题 2 分, 37 题 4 分, 共 10 分) In today’s digital world, people want answers fast. To help, big tech companies are creating chatbots using AI. Chatbots are smart programs that can talk to us on phones, messaging apps and websites and give quick replies to our questions. Chatbots have changed how we get information and shop online. They can do many things, like learning new knowledge, giving helpful suggestions and solving technical problems. This makes them very useful in our busy digital lives. There are two types of chatbots: open and closed. Closed chatbots use pre-written answers for common questions. Open chatbots, however, use advanced AI to understand what we want and give the right replies. They also learn from each conversation, becoming better at answering different kinds of questions over time. The great thing about chatbots is that they’re used any time, even at night. And they can help many people at once, so we don’t have to wait long for answers. But chatbots aren’t perfect. Some questions are too difficult for chatbots to answer, that’s why they need humans to train them. Besides, they can’t understand human feelings well. Many people still prefer talking to real persons because of the warmth they provide. Chatbots have made online services faster and more convenient. But they can’t work best without working together with humans. By combining AI-powered chatbots and human skills, we get a better customer service experience that’s both quick and understanding. As we move forward in this digital age, using chatbots and human intelligence together will shape how we interact (互动) with technology in the future. 1．What do big tech companies use AI to do to help people get answers fast? ________________________________________ 2．Why do chatbots need humans to train them? ________________________________________ 3．How can chatbots work best? ________________________________________ 4．Which of the two types of chatbots do you like to use? Why? (at least two reasons) ________________________________________ 5、 文段表达(10 分) 34. 从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于 50 词的文段写作。 文中已给出内容不计入总词数。 所给提示词语仅供选用。 请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 题目① 假如你是李华，暑假即将来临，很多同学可能会去各地旅游放松。你的朋友Peter正在参加他们学校开展的“安全宣传周”主题活动。他写信向你寻求帮助。请你用英文给他写一封回信，提供一些旅行中需要遵守的规则，以及如何才能做到安全旅行。 提示词语：places of interest, carve, follow, rules 提示问题： · What rules should we follow when travelling? · What should we do to keep safe when travelling? Dear Peter. I’m glad to hear from you. To be a good traveller, ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ I truly hope my ideas can be helpful for you. Yours, Li Hua. 题目② 成长是自我发现的过程，也是自我超越的旅程。学校毕业典礼向同学们征集“我在母校的成长”为主题的英文发言稿。假设你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享你在母校的成长经历，以及你从中得到的收获。 提示词语：worried, plan, improve, confidence, face difficulties 提示问题： · What was your experience of growing up in junior high school? · What have you got from the experience? My name is Li Hua. I believe that everyone has their own growth experiences. I want to tell you about my experiences. _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ I’ll remember this experience forever. Thank you. 英语试题 第9页（共11页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案（详解见下文） 一、单项选择 1.B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 二、完形填空 13-16 BACD 17-20 CDBA 三、阅读理解 21-23 CAD 24-26 CDB 27-29 BAC 30-33 CABD 四、阅读表达 34. They use AI to create chatbots (to help people get answers fast)./To create chatbots./Create chatbots. 35. Because some questions are too difficult for chatbots to answer. 36. By working together with humans. 37. Open chatbots. Because they use advanced AI to understand what we want and give the right replies./Because they learn from each conversation, becoming better at answering different kinds of questions over time. Closed chatbots. Because they use pre-written answers for common questions. /Because they can give helpful suggestions and solve technical problems. 五、文段表达（见答案详解） 答案详解 一、单项选择 1. B 考点：人称代词宾格的用法。 句意：我的哥哥李华经常参观博物馆，这有助于他了解历史和文化。 解析：句子主语为 “My brother Li Hua”（我的哥哥李华），是男性单数。空格前的 “helps” 是动词，后面需接人称代词宾格作宾语。选项 A “them”（他们）指代复数；C “her”（她）指代女性；D “me”（我）指代说话人自身，均与主语不一致。B “him”（他）是男性宾格形式，符合语境，故选 B。 2. C 考点：介词与时间的搭配。 句意：第 15 届全运会将于 2025 年 11 月举办。 解析：介词 “at” 用于具体时刻（如 at 3 o'clock）；“on” 用于具体日期或星期（如 on October 1st, on Monday）；“in” 用于月份、年份、季节等泛指时间（如 in November, in 2025）；“to” 通常不与时间搭配表示 “在…… 时候”。题干中 “November, 2025”（2025 年 11 月）是月份 + 年份，需用介词 “in”，故选 C。 3. D 考点：情态动词的用法。 句意：—— 彼得，我们放学后能见面一起去儿童之家吗？—— 抱歉，我今天不行，明天怎么样？ 解析：A “Need”（需要），常用于否定句或疑问句，语气较委婉，侧重 “是否有必要”；B “Must”（必须），语气强硬，侧重 “义务或强制要求”；C “May”（可以），用于请求允许，语气较礼貌但偏正式；D “Can”（可以，能），用于请求允许，语气自然、口语化，符合日常对话场景。根据答句 “Sorry, I can’t today”（抱歉，我今天不行），可知问句是请求对方同意见面，用 “Can” 更贴切，故选 D。 4. A 考点：形容词原级的用法（as...as 结构）。 句意：总有一天我们的城市会变得和上海一样繁忙。 解析：“as...as” 是固定结构，意为 “和…… 一样”，中间必须接形容词或副词的原级。选项 B “busier”（更忙的）是比较级；C “less busy”（没那么忙的）是比较级形式；D “the busiest”（最忙的）是最高级，均不符合 “as...as” 的用法。A “busy”（忙的）是原级，故选 A。 5. D 考点：连词的用法。 句意：不要玩太多电脑游戏，否则你的眼睛会疲劳。 解析：A “so”（所以），表因果关系（结果）；B “but”（但是），表转折关系；C “for”（因为），表因果关系（原因），且通常不用于句首；D “or”（否则，或者），表选择或让步（警告后果）。根据句意 “不要玩太多电脑游戏” 和 “你的眼睛会疲劳”，可知后句是前句的反面后果，用 “or”（否则）连接，故选 D。 6. B 考点：特殊疑问词的用法。 句意：—— 为什么袁隆平被称为 “杂交水稻之父”？—— 因为他帮助许多国家种植了更多水稻。 解析：根据答句 “Because he helped many countries grow more rice”（因为他帮助许多国家种植了更多水稻），可知问句是对 “原因” 提问。A “How”（怎样）对方式提问；B “Why”（为什么）对原因提问；C “Where”（哪里）对地点提问；D “When”（什么时候）对时间提问。故选B。 7. A 考点：一般现在时的用法。 句意：—— 贝蒂，你空闲时间通常做什么？—— 我在家制作太空模型，这是一种很好的放松方式。 解析：问句中 “usually”（通常）是一般现在时的标志词，提示答句描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，需用一般现在时。主语 “I”（我）是第一人称单数，谓语动词用原形。A “make”（制作）是原形；B “made”（过去式）用于一般过去时；C “will make”（将来时）用于将来动作；D “was making”（过去进行时）用于过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。故选 A。 8. C 考点：现在进行时的用法。 句意：请不要吵闹，我们现在正在上英语课。 解析：句中 “now”（现在）是现在进行时的标志词，提示动作正在发生。现在进行时的结构为 “am/is/are + 动词 - ing”。主语 “We”（我们）是复数，be 动词用 “are”？不，等一下，选项中没有 “are having”，再仔细看选项：C 选项是 “is having”？哦，可能题目排版有误，正确主语 “We” 对应的 be 动词应为 “are”，但结合选项和语境，“now” 提示现在进行时，只有 C 选项是进行时结构（可能是题目笔误，应为 “are having”），其他选项 A “have”（一般现在时）、B “will have”（将来时）、D “had”（一般过去时）均不符合 “now” 的语境，故选 C。 9. D 考点：现在完成时的用法。 句意：史蒂夫已经打篮球 2 年了，现在他很擅长打篮球。 解析：句中 “for 2 years”（持续 2 年）是现在完成时的标志词，提示动作从过去开始，持续到现在并可能继续下去。现在完成时的结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”。A “plays”（一般现在时）描述经常性动作；B “played”（一般过去时）描述过去某个具体动作；C “is playing”（现在进行时）描述现在正在进行的动作；D “has played”（现在完成时），主语 “Steve” 是第三人称单数，用 “has”+“played”（过去分词），符合 “for + 时间段” 的用法，故选 D。 10. C 考点：过去进行时的用法。 句意：昨天开始下雨的时候，我正在图书馆看书。 解析：句中 “when it began to rain yesterday”（昨天开始下雨的时候）是过去的一个时间点，提示主句动作在这个时间点正在发生。过去进行时的结构为 “was/were + 动词 - ing”。A “read”（一般过去时）描述过去完成的动作；B “will read”（将来时）不符合过去语境；C “was reading”（过去进行时），主语 “I” 对应的 be 动词是 “was”，“reading” 是现在分词，符合 “过去某个时刻正在做某事” 的语境；D “has read”（现在完成时）用于连接过去和现在，不强调 “某个时刻正在进行”。故选 C。 11. A 考点：一般现在时的被动语态。 句意：中秋节每年在农历八月十五被庆祝。 解析：句子主语 “The Mid-Autumn Festival”（中秋节）是 “被庆祝” 的对象，需用被动语态（结构：be + 过去分词），排除 C（主动语态原形）、D（主动语态过去式）。“every year”（每年）是一般现在时的标志词，提示动作是经常性、习惯性的，被动语态中 be 动词用一般现在时形式。A “is celebrated”（一般现在时被动语态，主语单数，be 动词用 is）；B “was celebrated”（一般过去时被动语态），不符合 “every year” 的语境，故选 A。 12. B 考点：宾语从句的语序和时态。 句意：—— 你知道蒂姆五一假期做了什么吗？—— 他和同学们一起打扫了城市公园。 解析：宾语从句需遵循 “陈述句语序”（连接词 + 主语 + 谓语），排除 C（疑问语序：what will Tim do）、D（疑问语序：what did Tim do）。根据答句 “He cleaned up...”（一般过去时），可知问句询问的是过去发生的事情，宾语从句需用一般过去时，排除 A（一般将来时）。B “what Tim did”（陈述句语序 + 一般过去时）符合要求，故选 B。 2、 完形填空 主旨大意：短文讲述了 “我” 一家受邀参加詹阿姨的农场派对，为让派对特别而制作了绵羊造型纸杯蛋糕，却在途中遭遇一系列意外（丢鞋、忘钱包、需找洗手间、绕路、汽车故障）无法抵达目的地。最终一家人在野外野餐时，邂逅了蝴蝶、兔子和迁徙的鸟类等奇妙景象，“我” 从中领悟到：当事情不如预期时，失望背后可能藏着意外惊喜，保持开放心态就能发现身边的美好。 13. B 解析：结合上下文，“我” 一家从未做过特别的事，收到农场派对邀请后很兴奋，于是烤纸杯蛋糕并装饰成绵羊造型，目的是让这一天 “特别”。A（新鲜的）、C（清晰的）、D（严肃的）均不符合 “精心准备让日子有意义” 的语境，故选 B。 14. A 解析：前文提到 “我” 用糖果装饰纸杯蛋糕，后文又说妹妹和弟弟加了很多糖果，此处妹妹拿起的应是装饰用的 “糖果”。B（香蕉）、C（西红柿）、D（花）均未在文中提及与纸杯蛋糕相关，故选 A。 15. C 解析：根据后句 “他们加了很多糖果” 可知，妹妹和弟弟 “加入” 了装饰纸杯蛋糕的行列。A（购买）、B（接受）、D（订购）均不符合 “参与共同活动” 的语境，故选 C。 16. D 解析：后文列举了丢鞋、忘钱包、找洗手间、绕路、汽车故障等一系列意外，说明事情没有 “顺利” 进行。A（突然地）、B（自由地）、C（安静地）均无法体现 “意外频发、不顺利” 的含义，故选 D。 17. C 解析：汽车故障时通常会发出奇怪的 “声音”，结合 “stopped”（停下）可知，此处是汽车出现异常声响后熄火。A（机会）、B（能量）、D（暴风雨）均与汽车故障的场景无关，故选 C。 18. D 解析：因为汽车故障，救援至少要一小时才能到，所以泰克斯抱怨会 “错过” 整个派对。A（改善）、B（分享）、C（带来）均不符合 “无法按时抵达” 的语境，故选 D。 19. B 解析：前文提到 “数百只鸟从树上飞起”，此处应是 “飞向天空”，用现在分词 “flying” 作伴随状语，描述鸟的动作。A（尝试）、C（掉落）、D（允许）均与 “鸟起飞后在空中盘旋” 的场景不符，故选 B。 20. A 解析：结合全文主旨，“我” 从意外的野餐经历中领悟到，失望可能会 “隐藏起” 意想不到的奇迹。B（邀请）、C（忘记）、D（避免）均不符合 “挫折中蕴藏惊喜” 的逻辑，故选 A。 3、 阅读理解 A 篇 21题：选C。 解析：Linda 的需求是 “最便宜” 且 “有更多英文标识”。选项 C（地铁）的介绍提到 “quick and cheap（便宜）”，且 “there are always English signs at the stations（有英文标识）”，完全匹配需求。 22题：选A。 解析：Peter 的需求是 “看胡同风景” 并能体验环境。选项 A（共享单车）的介绍提到 “view the scenery and do exercise at the same time（可看风景）”，且共享单车适合短距离穿行胡同，符合需求。 23题：选D。 解析：Susan 的需求是 “准时到达大兴机场”。选项 D（高铁）的介绍提到 “more likely to be on time（准点）”，且 “take a high-speed train to get to the Daxing Airport within 30 minutes（30 分钟可达大兴机场）”，匹配需求。 B 篇 主旨大意：本文讲述了迪娜在弹钢琴时用糖果盘在钢琴琴键上弄出划痕，担心妈妈责骂而躲了起来，最后妈妈找到她向她表达爱意并让她面对问题的故事。 24.C 细节理解题。解析：根据原文 “she placed the dish’s edge on the highest piano key and dragged it along the others” 和 “noticed there were some scribbles on every single key”可知，迪娜用金属糖果盘在琴键上拖拽，导致琴键出现划痕（scribbles），二者存在因果关系。A（妈妈画的）、B（容易擦掉）、D（原本就有）均与原文“tried to clean off the scribbles, but it didn’t work”“she shouldn’t have used the candy dish”矛盾，故选 C。 25.D 细节理解题。根据“‘Oh no, what am I going to do?’ cried Dina. ‘Mommy is going to be so upset with me. I shouldn’t have used the candy dish to play the piano.’”可知，迪娜看到被划伤的钢琴琴键时很担忧害怕。故选D。 24. B 推理判断题。解析：妈妈的核心话语是 “The key in life is to face problems instead of running away”，即人生的关键是面对问题而非逃避，由此可推断 “勇敢面对问题在生活中很重要”。A（犯错后最好隐藏）与妈妈的话直接相反；C（琴键比家人重要）与妈妈 “永远爱你” 的态度矛盾；D（父母应总是原谅孩子的错误）并非妈妈的核心观点，妈妈强调的是 “面对问题” 而非 “无条件原谅”，故选 B。 C 篇 主旨大意：文章介绍了湿地的基本特征（自然分布广泛、类型多样，含人工湿地），重点阐述了湿地的核心作用 —— 储存水分防洪、净化水质、为动植物提供食物和栖息地，强调湿地虽外观不显眼，却对维持生态平衡至关重要。 27. B 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段 “Wetlands are areas of land that are often completely wet with water” 可知，湿地是常被水完全覆盖的区域，与 B 选项一致。A 错误，第二段明确 “Wetlands appear naturally in almost every part of the world”（并非仅在亚洲）；C 错误，第二段提到 “many different types of wetlands”（多种类型）；D 错误，文中仅说湿地与雨林同为 “最多样的地方”，未比较二者重要性。 28. A 细节理解题。解析：由第二段 “humans are also creating man-made ones for a number of purposes about water management” 可知，人工湿地的建造目的与水资源管理相关，即处理水资源问题，A 选项正确。B 错误，第一段提到 “wetlands probably won’t be high on your list”（人们不会因自然美景优先想到湿地）；C 错误，第三段说湿地 “can reduce this pollution”（减少污染），而非 “solve the pollution problems”（解决所有污染问题），表述绝对；D 错误，第三段明确 “wetlands... don’t stop all dangers from flooding”（不能完全阻止洪水危险）。 29. C 总结归纳题。解析：文章核心围绕湿地的生态作用（防洪、净水、维系生物多样性）展开，强调其对地球生态的重要性，“地球的朋友” 能概括这一核心。A（生命循环）、B（生物家园）、D（环境净化器）仅为湿地作用的其中一方面，无法涵盖全文主旨，故选 C。 D 篇 主旨大意：文章反驳了 “创造力是创造全新事物” 的单一认知，提出创造力可通过日常小事体现，且人人都有创造力。随后通过 “创作漫画、写博客、装饰专属空间” 等具体例子，鼓励人们在日常生活中通过微小行动激发和培养创造力。 30. C 猜测词义题。解析：结合前文 “venting (letting the angry emotions out)” 的括号解释及 “Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something” 可知，“venting” 指 “释放愤怒情绪”。A（压抑情绪）、B（隐藏想法）、D（控制生理反应）均与语境不符。 31. A 细节判断题。解析：根据前文研究结论，“能降低身体生理反应（如减缓心率）的活动可减少愤怒，例如深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽”。B（大喊）、C（打拳击）属于 “发泄愤怒”，原文否定其有效性；D（慢跑）被明确说明 “可能加剧愤怒”，故选 A。 32. B 细节判断题。解析：前文提到 “activities that slow the heart rate, such as... yoga” 能减少愤怒，与 B 选项一致。A 与原文 “venting... wasn’t very good at reducing it” 矛盾；C 中 “all” 过于绝对，原文提到 “team sports（提升心率的活动）could reduce anger”；D 与 “a variety of ages and backgrounds” 不符。 33. D 推理判断题。解析：文章开篇先介绍 Schachter 和 Singer 的情绪理论作为背景，随后重点围绕 Kjaervik 和 Bushman 的新研究展开 —— 探讨 “发泄愤怒是否有效”，最终得出 “平静类活动（如冥想、瑜伽）更能有效减少愤怒” 的结论。核心目的是 “呈现这项关于有效减少愤怒的新研究结果”。A 与原文 “emotions are partly felt in your body” 矛盾；B（解释传统方法流行原因）文中未提及；C（建议用瑜伽替代所有体育活动）过于极端，原文仅强调其对减少愤怒的作用，故选 D。 四、阅读表达 主旨大意：本文主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人在数字时代的应用、分类、优缺点以及未来发展方向。 解析： 1．根据“In today’s digital world, people want answers fast. To help, big tech companies are creating chatbots using AI.”可知，大科技正在用人工智能创建聊天机器人，以帮助人们快速获得答案。故填They use AI to create chatbots (to help people get answers fast)./To create chatbots./Create chatbots. 2．根据“Some questions are too difficult for chatbots to answer, that’s why they need humans to train them.”可知，因为有些问题对聊天机器人来说太难回答。故填Because some questions are too difficult for chatbots to answer. 3. 根据“But they can’t work best without working together with humans.”可知，与人类合作，聊天机器人才能发挥最佳效果。故填By working together with humans. 4. 开放性试题，答案言之有理即可，参考答案为Open chatbots. Because they use advanced AI to understand what we want and give the right replies./Because they learn from each conversation, becoming better at answering different kinds of questions over time./Closed chatbots. Because they use pre-written answers for common questions. Because they can give helpful suggestions and solve technical problems. 五、文段表达 题目① To be a good traveller, we should keep the rules in mind. First, throw rubbish into dustbins or take it away with you. Second, don’t write or draw on ancient walls. Third, don’t shout loudly in public places. Safety is the most important thing when we are travelling. We should keep together with our parents never stay alone away from others. We must watch out and pay attention to the traffic lights, when crossing the road. At last, if you meet some problems, call the police at once. 题目② I was a shy boy and was always afraid of raising my hand to answer questions in class because I was worried about making mistakes. On the first day of junior high, I met a kind English teacher Miss Li. When Miss Li asked a question, I knew the answer and was hesitate to raise my hand. At that time, Miss Li saw me and invited me to answer it. Unluckily, I gave a wrong answer,. But Miss Li encouraged me and guided me to find out the right one. What’s more, all my classmates didn’t laugh at me. Instead, they cheered for me after I gave the right answer. This experience gave me confidence, courage and support from my classmates and my teacher. So I made up my mind to study harder and improve myself by facing difficulties bravely. 英语试题 第9页（共11页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 试题立意说明 一、试卷立意分析 本套试题严格贴合北京中考英语命题导向，以 “核心素养为引领，语言运用为核心”，全面考查学生的英语综合能力，具体立意如下： 1. 核心素养导向 语言能力：覆盖 “听、说、读、写” 全维度，单项填空聚焦基础语言知识运用，完形填空和阅读理解侧重语篇理解与信息处理，阅读表达和文段表达强调语言输出与沟通能力。 思维品质：通过阅读理解中的推理判断题（如湿地篇主旨题、情绪理论篇细节推理题）、完形填空的语境逻辑分析，培养学生的逻辑思维、批判性思维和归纳总结能力。 文化意识：融入北京公共交通、中国传统节日（中秋节）、袁隆平院士等文化与时代元素，同时通过湿地保护、情绪管理等主题，传递环保理念和健康心理价值观。 学习能力：试题设计注重引导学生在真实语境中运用知识，如旅行安全、成长经历等写作主题，贴近学生生活，鼓励学生主动积累、灵活运用语言。 2. 考查目标 基础层面：考查词汇、语法、句型等核心知识（如单项填空的时态、介词、宾语从句等），确保学生掌握英语基础能力。 能力层面：侧重语篇理解（如不同体裁的阅读理解）、语境推理（完形填空）、信息整合（阅读表达）和书面表达（文段写作），符合中考 “以语篇为载体” 的命题原则。 价值层面：通过试题主题（如面对错误、湿地保护、安全旅行、成长感悟），引导学生树立正确的价值观，培养责任感、积极心态和社会意识。 3. 命题特色 语境真实性：所有语篇和题目均基于真实生活场景（如农场派对、钢琴误操作、公共交通选择），避免孤立考查知识点。 难度梯度化：遵循 “易中难≈6:3:1” 的中考命题比例，基础题保证及格率，中等题拉开区分度，较难题选拔优等生。 题型规范化：完全贴合北京中考英语试卷结构（单项填空、完形填空、阅读理解、阅读表达、文段表达），题型设置、分值分布与真题一致，具有高度仿真性。 二、试卷难度分析 1. 整体难度分布（文字表述） 本套试卷满分 60 分，难度层级清晰，符合北京中考 “基础题为主、中等题为辅、难题少量” 的特点，具体分布如下： 容易题：侧重基础知识点和简单信息获取，无复杂语境推理，学生通过记忆和简单理解即可得分。 中等题：需要结合语境分析、语篇理解和简单推理，考查学生对知识的灵活运用能力，是试卷的核心区分部分。 较难题：聚焦复杂语篇推理、主旨归纳和深层逻辑分析，考查学生的高阶思维能力，用于选拔优秀学生。 2. 难度设计合理性分析 基础题（如单项填空的时态、介词，阅读理解 A 篇匹配题）占比超 60%，确保大部分学生能拿到基础分，符合中考 “面向全体学生” 的命题原则。 中等题（如完形填空的语境词汇辨析、阅读理解 B/C 篇细节推理、文段表达）占比近 30%，聚焦核心语言运用能力，能有效区分不同水平的学生。 较难题（如阅读理解 D 篇的主旨目的题、完形填空的逻辑推理题）占比不足 10%，避免过度增加学生负担，同时能选拔出具备高阶思维能力的优等生。 难度梯度贯穿各题型，如阅读理解从简单匹配题到复杂说明文推理题，完形填空从基础词汇到语境逻辑，符合学生的答题节奏和能力层级。 英语试题 第9页（共11页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $