期末复习之七选五15篇（期末热点话题）（江苏专用）-2025-2026学年高二英语译林版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 聚焦期末七选五，按“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大热点话题分类，15篇专项训练覆盖不同语境逻辑，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |人与自我|5篇|七选五（段落主旨、过渡衔接）|围绕个人成长、健康等主题，训练上下文逻辑连贯能力| |人与社会|5篇|七选五（观点论证、例证支持）|涉及社会现象、文化交流，强化观点与论据的逻辑关系| |人与自然|5篇|七选五（因果分析、事实陈述）|聚焦自然现象、生态保护，提升事实与结论的衔接理解|

期末复习之七选五15篇 （期末热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练：主要分为以下三个热点话题 1. 人与自我 2. 人与社会 3. 人与自然 每个话题对应五篇专项练习 人与自我 Passage 1 Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers. 1 But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees. This has led to inflation (通货膨胀) in both. Degree inflation means employers require a bachelor’s degree or more for work that really doesn’t need it. Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields. 2 An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing. The gaps between grades and test scores are immense and consistent. Students’ actual mastery of the material declines despite their more credits and higher grades in math. 3 To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents. In a 2023 survey, educators said roughly half of students requested higher grades than they had earned and that 8 out of 10 teachers gave in, for a third of students and parents bother them when they don’t. Inflated grades damage the college admission process. While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. 4 Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses. We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? 5 A．Grade inflation results from multiple factors. B．Its core mission is globally recognized by educators. C．Standardized tests reflect real academic performance effectively. D．Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period. E．After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners. F．A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence. G．Many teachers are tired of parents’ endless requests for higher grades. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．E 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了教育领域的分数通胀与学位通胀问题，分析了其成因、危害，并呼吁教育回归培养学习者的本质。 1．上文“Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers.(教育在于学习，丰富我们的生活，并使我们成为更好的公民和独立思考者。)”明确阐述了教育的核心内涵（学习、丰富生活、培养公民与独立思考者），下文“But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees.(但在过去的十五年里，学习的目标逐渐被成绩和学位所取代。)”用“But”转折，指出如今学习目标已让位于分数和学位。B选项“Its core mission is globally recognized by educators.(其核心使命已被教育界广泛认可。)”中的“Its”精准指代前文的 “Education”，“core mission”（核心使命）对应前文对教育价值的定义，先肯定教育使命的普世认可，再转折引出当下的问题，逻辑链条完整。 2．上文“Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields.(幸运的是，招聘经理们已经开始意识到这一点，许多领域的学位要求正在降低。)”说“幸运的是，许多领域的学位要求正在下降”（学位通胀有所缓解），下文“An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing.( 一项分析显示，洛杉矶的学生成绩一直在上升，而全国性的标准化考试成绩却在下降。)”立刻用数据说明“成绩上升但标准化考试分数暴跌”（分数通胀严重）。D选项“Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period.(然而，在此期间，成绩虚高的现象丝毫没有减缓的迹象。)”“Yet”（然而）表示强烈转折，将“学位通胀好转”与“分数通胀加剧” 形成对比，自然过渡到下文对分数通胀的重点讨论。 3．空格位于段首，后文“To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents.(为了避免打击学生们的积极性，一些学区取消了“F”等级，因此平均学分绩点一直在上升。此外，来自学生和家长的巨大压力也促使这种情况发生。)”分别列举了两个原因：① 部分学区取消 F 等级以避免打击学生；② 学生和家长的巨大压力。A 选项“Grade inflation results from multiple factors.(学生成绩的通胀是由多种因素造成的。)”是典型的总起句，“multiple factors”（多种因素）精准概括了后文的两个分论点，起到了统领全段的作用。 4．上文“While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. (过去，大学将高中平均学分绩点视为衡量高等教育成功的重要指标，但这种预测作用已经减弱。)”说“高中 GPA 的预测价值已经下降”，下文“Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses.(因此，一些成绩优异的学生进入大学后，却发现由于没有掌握足够的知识，无法修读大学课程，只能参加补习课程。)”说“因此，很多拿着高分的学生进入大学后需要上补习班”。F选项“A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence.(高分不再能保证学生的学业能力。)”解释了“预测价值下降”的本质原因 —— 高分不再等同于实际学术能力，这正是导致学生进入大学后跟不上课程的直接原因，完美衔接了前后的因果关系。 5．上文“We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? (我们必须扪心自问：我们希望教育是关于智力的提升，还是仅仅是一种由成绩膨胀所驱动的表现？)”用设问句提出核心问题：“我们想要的是智力成长的教育，还是分数通胀驱动的表演？”E选项“After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners.(最终，教育应当回归到对学生的原初培养上。)”给出了明确的答案和呼吁，“return to original nurturing”（回归最初的培养）呼应了文章开头对教育本质的定义，收束全文，点明主旨。 Passage 2 From long drives to delayed flights and crowded commutes, more Americans are now reaching for headphones over hardcovers. Since 2016, the percentage of Americans who listen to audiobooks daily has risen from 3% to 8% — a 167% increase. 1 Traditionalists insist that reading requires eyes on a page. More than 40% of people believe listening to an audiobook doesn’t truly count as reading. 2 Surely reading is about enjoying the art of storytelling, and audio books allow that. Some experts agree, while others argue that the distinction is not so simple. The brain area experts call the “letter box”, which processes print, is not as engaged when you listen. But when some people listen to words, they visualize them, so the “letter box” gets activated. Listening can activate the brain’s main language comprehension systems. 3 Yet experts caution that calling the two experiences identical would be an oversimplification. 4 Audiobooks, on the other hand, rely on hearing processing systems. Unfortunately, that nuance (细微差别) is often lost in debates. Reading print allows a person to control pace, reread passages and even remember where information appeared on a page. Audiobooks connect us to our past traditions of hearing a voice tell a story. Experts agree that the debate should therefore shift away from whether audiobooks “count” as reading and toward what listeners want to gain from the experience. A mother like Kate paced her house at 2 am and tried to get her baby to sleep. Audiobooks helped her keep her sanity (头脑清醒). 5 And it is one she is not embarrassed about. “I’m proud of my audiobook listens,” she said. A．Similarly, reading also does this. B．Reading print engages visual networks. C．Audiobooks still require attention and focus. D．So pressing play remains the practical choice. E．Yet listening lacks the deep engagement of reading. F．So there’s a debate over whether audiobooks count as reading. G．Others, however, argue that audiobooks “don’t count” feels improper. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】文章主要围绕“有声读物是否算作阅读”这一话题展开讨论，介绍了不同观点以及专家对大脑处理方式的科学分析。 1．由上文“From long drives to delayed flights and crowded commutes, more Americans are now reaching for headphones over hardcovers. Since 2016, the percentage of Americans who listen to audiobooks daily has risen from 3% to 8% — a 167% increase. (从长途驾驶到航班延误和拥挤的通勤，越来越多的美国人现在选择耳机而非精装书。自2016年以来，每天听有声读物的美国人比例从3%上升到8%，增长了167%。)”以及下文“Traditionalists insist that reading requires eyes on a page. (传统主义者坚持认为阅读需要眼睛盯着书页。)”可知，本空要说有声读物流行的现状引发了关于其是否算阅读的讨论，F选项“So there’s a debate over whether audiobooks count as reading. (因此，关于有声读物是否算作阅读存在一场争论。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“debate”指代上文的争论焦点，且该选项中的“count as reading”与下文的“reading requires eyes on a page”相呼应，表示从现象过渡到争议话题。 2．由上文“More than 40% of people believe listening to an audiobook doesn’t truly count as reading. (超过40%的人认为听有声读物不算真正的阅读。)”以及下文“Surely reading is about enjoying the art of storytelling, and audio books allow that. (当然，阅读是关于享受讲故事的艺术，而有声读物也能实现这一点。)”可知，本空要说有人对“有声读物不算阅读”这一观点提出反驳，G选项“Others, however, argue that audiobooks ‘don’t count’ feels improper. (然而，另一些人则认为，认为有声读物‘不算数’的感觉是不恰当的。）”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Others”与上文的“More than 40% of people”形成对比，且该选项中的“feels improper”与下文的“ Surely reading is about enjoying the art of storytelling, and audio books allow that. ”相呼应，表示转折提出反对意见。 3．由上文“Listening can activate the brain’s main language comprehension systems. (听可以激活大脑的主要语言理解系统。)”以及下文“Yet experts caution that calling the two experiences identical would be an oversimplification. (然而，专家警告说，将这两种体验称为完全相同是一种过度简化。)”可知，本空要说听与读在激活大脑方面有相似之处，A选项“Similarly, reading also does this. (同样，阅读也能做到这一点。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Similarly”表示类比关系，且该选项中的“this”指代上文的“activate the brain’s main language comprehension systems”，与下文的“the two experiences”相呼应，表示先肯定相似性再转折指出差异。 4．由下文“Audiobooks, on the other hand, rely on hearing processing systems. (另一方面，有声读物依赖于听觉处理系统。)”可知，本空要说纸质阅读所依赖的处理系统，B选项“Reading print engages visual networks. (阅读纸质书激活视觉网络。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Reading print”与下文的“Audiobooks”形成“on the other hand”的对比关系，且该选项中的“visual networks”与下文的“hearing processing systems”相呼应，表示分别说明两种阅读方式依赖的不同大脑系统。 5．由上文“A mother like Kate paced her house at 2 am and tried to get her baby to sleep. Audiobooks helped her keep her sanity(头脑清醒). (像凯特这样的母亲在凌晨2点在家里踱步，试图让她的宝宝入睡。有声读物帮助她保持头脑清醒。)”以及下文“And it is one she is not embarrassed about. ‘I’m proud of my audiobook listens,’ she said. (这是她并不感到尴尬的一件事。‘我为自己听有声读物感到自豪，’她说。)”可知，本空要说听有声读物对凯特来说是一个实用的选择，D选项“So pressing play remains the practical choice. (因此，按下播放键仍然是实用的选择。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“pressing play”指代上文的“Audiobooks”，且该选项中的“practical choice”与下文的“one she is not embarrassed about”和“proud of”相呼应，表示总结有声读物带来的实际好处。 Passage 3 Art class in high school often gets written off as a fun break, not serious like math or science. Nevertheless, anyone who’s lost himself in painting or designing a poster knows better: art is anything but a time-killer. 1 Art trains you to notice everything. When you’re drawing a park bench, you don’t just draw wood. 2 That careful observation stays with you. Later, when you analyze a poem or spot lab details, you use that same artist’s eye — the ability to see what others miss. Art teaches you to adapt to the unexpected. Imagine you start a watercolor painting of a bright sunset, but suddenly the colors spread into a soft gray sky. Instead of seeing this as a failure, you learn to work with it. Often, that so-called “failure” becomes the most interesting part of your artwork. 3 You learn to adapt rather than give up easily. Art enables you to work with people in practical ways. Have you ever done wall painting with your classmates? You can’t paint whatever you want. 4 Similarly, playing in the school band, you can’t turn up your violin too loud. You have to fit in with the other instruments. That’s real-world teamwork, a lesson no worksheet can truly teach. 5 However, art isn’t getting in the way of learning. It’s the kind of learning that lasts, teaching you to observe, adapt, and work with others — skills that truly matter long after school. A．Some may argue, “No time for art — focus on tests!” B．You take a close look at sunlight on its edges, or small marks left by rain. C．You listen to others’ ideas and work out a common view. D．This is exactly the skill that helps when a test doesn’t go as planned. E．These small details make your drawing look more realistic. F．It shapes how you see the world and who you are. G．It makes you more creative in the watercolor painting. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了艺术课在高中教育中的重要性，强调其能培养观察力、适应力和团队合作能力。 1．由上文“Art class in high school often gets written off as a fun break, not serious like math or science. Nevertheless, anyone who’s lost himself in painting or designing a poster knows better: art is anything but a time-killer.(高中的艺术课常常被认为是消遣的课，不像数学或科学那样严肃。然而，任何沉浸在绘画或设计海报中的人都知道：艺术绝不是浪费时间。)”可知，上文提到艺术课并非浪费时间，本空应说明艺术课的意义，F选项“它塑造了你如何看待世界以及你是谁。”承接上文。 2．由上文“Art trains you to notice everything. When you’re drawing a park bench, you don’t just draw wood.(艺术训练你注意到一切。当你画公园长椅时，你不只是画木头。)”及下文“That careful observation stays with you. Later, when you analyze a poem or spot lab details, you use that same artist’s eye — the ability to see what others miss.(这种仔细的观察会一直伴随着你。后来，当你分析一首诗或发现实验室细节时，你会用同样的艺术家的眼光——看到别人错过的东西的能力。)”可知，上文提到画公园长椅时，不只是画木头，下文提到这种仔细的观察会一直伴随着你，本空应说明画公园长椅时还会观察什么，B选项“你仔细观察边缘的阳光，或者雨水留下的小痕迹。”承上启下。 3．由上文“Imagine you start a watercolor painting of a bright sunset, but suddenly the colors spread into a soft gray sky. Instead of seeing this as a failure, you learn to work with it. Often, that so-called “failure” becomes the most interesting part of your artwork.(想象一下，你开始画一幅明亮的日落水彩画，但突然颜色扩散到柔和的灰色天空中。与其把这看作失败，不如学会利用它。通常，这种所谓的“失败”会成为你作品中最有趣的部分。)”及下文“You learn to adapt rather than give up easily.(你学会适应而不是轻易放弃。)”可知，上文提到学会利用“失败”，下文提到学会适应，本空应把绘画中的应变能力延伸到生活场景。D选项“这正是当考试不如预期时帮助你的技能。”承上启下。 4．由上文“Art enables you to work with people in practical ways. Have you ever done wall painting with your classmates? You can’t paint whatever you want.(艺术使你能够以实际的方式与人合作。你有没有和同学一起画过墙绘？你不能随心所欲想画什么就画什么。)”及下文“Similarly, playing in the school band, you can’t turn up your violin too loud. You have to fit in with the other instruments. That’s real-world teamwork, a lesson no worksheet can truly teach.(同样，在学校乐队演奏时，你不能把小提琴调得太响。你必须与其他乐器协调一致。这是现实世界的团队合作，是任何工作表都无法真正教授的课程。)”可知，上文提到墙绘时不能想画什么就画什么，下文提到在学校乐队演奏时要与其他乐器协调一致，本空应说明墙绘时要倾听想法、达成共识，C选项“你听取别人的意见，并达成共识。”承上启下。 5．由下文“However, art isn’t getting in the way of learning. It’s the kind of learning that lasts, teaching you to observe, adapt, and work with others — skills that truly matter long after school.(然而，艺术并没有妨碍学习。这是一种持久的学习，教会你观察、适应和与他人合作——这些技能在学校毕业后很长时间都很重要。)”可知，下文提到艺术并没有妨碍学习，本空应提出有人反对占用备考时间学艺术的观点。A选项“有人可能会说：‘没时间学艺术——专注于考试吧！’”能引出下文。 Passage 4 Witnessing someone choking is very terrifying, but knowing the Heimlich maneuver can save lives. Choking usually occurs when food gets stuck, blocking breathing. 1 However, here are some steps to perform this life-saving first aid. 2 If the person can still speak or breathe a little, it means the airway is not fully blocked. In this case, let them cough to remove the object. But if they can’t speak or breathe at all, their lips or fingernails may turn blue — this means the airway is completely blocked. After figuring out the situation, ask the person, “Are you choking?” If they can answer you, do not try to hit them on the back hard, comfort them and encourage coughing. 3 Keep watching them in case the situation gets worse. If the person is severely choking, call emergency service at once. Don’t waste time waiting for help to arrive; you need to stay calm and act fast to start first aid. Keeping a clear and calm mind will help you do the right thing to help them breathe again. 4 The Heimlich maneuver is only for adults and children over 1 year old. Stand behind the victim, wrap your arms around their waist, and lean them forward. Make a fist with one hand and place it above their stomach, then hold the fist firmly with your other hand. 5 Push again and again until the object is forced out. In short, knowing how to do the Heimlich maneuver properly can make a real difference in saving a life. A．First, check if the person is really choking. B．This helps avoid pushing the object deeper. C．Every second counts in such an emergency. D．Choking often happens during family meals. E．Many people don’t know how to deal with it. F．Children under 1 should never try this method. G．Push inward and upward quickly in one motion. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文介绍窒息的危害，讲解海姆立克急救法的适用人群与操作步骤。先判断堵塞程度、及时求救，正确施救能快速排出异物，关键时刻挽救生命。 1．根据上文“Choking usually occurs when food gets stuck, blocking breathing.(窒息通常发生在食物被卡住，阻塞呼吸时)”以及后文“However, here are some steps to perform this life-saving first aid.(然而，这里有一些步骤可以执行这种救生急救)”可知，第一空应该表示许多人不知道如何处理窒息的情况，然后引出下文介绍急救步骤，所以选项E“许多人不知道该如何应对这种情况”符合语境。 2．根据后文“If the person can still speak or breathe a little, it means the airway is not fully blocked.(如果这个人还能说一点话或呼吸一点，这意味着气道没有被完全阻塞)”可知，第二空表示首先要检查这个人是否真的窒息了，然后才能判断气道是否被完全阻塞，所以选项A“首先，确认此人是否真的发生了窒息”符合语境。 3．根据上文“If they can answer you, do not try to hit them on the back hard, comfort them and encourage coughing.(如果他们能回答你，不要用力拍打他们的背部，安慰他们并鼓励他们咳嗽)”可知，不要用力拍打他们的背部是为了避免将物体推得更深，所以选项B“这有助于避免将异物推得更深”符合语境。 4．根据上文“Keeping a clear and calm mind will help you do the right thing to help them breathe again.(保持清醒和冷静的头脑将帮助你做正确的事情来帮助他们再次呼吸)”以及后文“The Heimlich maneuver is only for adults and children over 1 year old.(海姆利克氏急救法只适用于成人和1岁以上的儿童)”可知，第四空应该表示在这种紧急情况下，每一秒都很重要，所以要保持清醒和冷静的头脑，然后才能正确使用海姆利克氏急救法，所以选项C“在这种紧急情况下，每一秒都至关重要”符合语境。 5．根据上文“Make a fist with one hand and place it above their stomach, then hold the fist firmly with your other hand.(用一只手握拳，放在他们的肚子上方，然后用另一只手紧紧握住拳头)”以及后文“Push again and again until the object is forced out.(一次又一次地推，直到物体被挤出)”可知，第五空应该表示一次快速地向内和向上推，然后才能一次又一次地推，直到物体被挤出，所以选项G“以一个连贯的动作迅速向内向上推”符合语境。 Passage 5 How to Avoid Weight Gain over the Holidays Holidays can be stressful and challenging when you’re trying to maintain a healthy weight. Many people assume that seasonal weight gain is unavoidable, but this is not the case. 1 Here are practical tips that will help you navigate holiday parties and stay on track with your healthy goals while enjoying holiday fun. First, never arrive at a holiday party with an empty stomach. Skipping meals to “reserve calories” is a misleading strategy — it often leads to overconsumption of unhealthy, high-calorie snacks at the event. 2 Eating three balanced, nutritious meals before the party will keep you feeling full and satisfied, so you won’t be tempted to binge on cookies or chips. When filling your plate at the party, pay close attention to food proportions. Your plate should be mostly filled with healthy foods. 3 Consuming these healthy foods first will reduce your desire for junk food later. 4 You don’t have to cut out desserts entirely; simply choose lighter alternatives such as angel food cake and sip water between bites to feel full more quickly. A small slice of cake or a tiny taste of a cookie is enough to satisfy your sweet cravings without adding too many calories. Don’t overlook liquid calories, which accumulate rapidly. Alcohol, eggnog and sweetened hot chocolate are all high in calories. 5 Besides, choose low-calorie drinks like coffee, tea or sparkling water instead of sugary or creamy beverages (饮料) whenever possible. Finally, prioritize social interaction over food and drinks. Holiday parties are meant for connecting with friends and family. Joining a game or keeping a conversation going will distract you from overindulging in food and drinks. A．Be cautious and make wise choices at the holiday dessert table. B．Cutting back on sugary drinks is an effective way to reduce liquid calories. C．Instead, stick to your regular healthy eating routine before attending the party. D．Try to eat desserts immediately upon arrival so you won’t constantly think about them. E．Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, a quarter with carbs and the rest with protein. F．Limit alcohol intake to 1-2 servings and choose lighter options such as wine or light beer. G．With a little self-control and wise decisions, you can enjoy the season without gaining extra pounds. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．F 【导语】文章介绍假期避免体重增加的多条实用健康建议。 1．上文“Holidays can be stressful and challenging when you’re trying to maintain a healthy weight. Many people assume that seasonal weight gain is unavoidable, but this is not the case. (当你试图保持健康体重时，假期可能会带来压力和挑战。许多人认为季节性体重增加是不可避免的，但事实并非如此)”说明假期保持健康体重有挑战，但并非不可避免增重，下文“Here are practical tips that will help you navigate holiday parties and stay on track with your healthy goals while enjoying holiday fun. (这里有一些实用建议，帮你从容应对节日聚会，在享受节日乐趣的同时，坚守健康目标、不走弯路)”引出避免长胖的实用建议，空处承上启下，说明通过一定方法可以避免增重，G选项“With a little self-control and wise decisions, you can enjoy the season without gaining extra pounds. (只要有一点自制力和明智的决定，你就可以享受这个季节而不增加额外的体重)”衔接前后文意，符合语境。 2．上文“Skipping meals to “reserve calories” is a misleading strategy — it often leads to overconsumption of unhealthy, high-calorie snacks at the event. (不吃正餐来“储备热量”是一种误导性的策略——它往往会导致在活动中过度食用不健康、高热量的零食)”说明不吃正餐的策略不好，空处应承接上文，提出正确的做法，C选项“Instead, stick to your regular healthy eating routine before attending the party. (相反，在参加聚会之前，坚持你平常的健康饮食习惯)”符合语境。 3．上文“When filling your plate at the party, pay close attention to food proportions. Your plate should be mostly filled with healthy foods. (在聚会上盛食物时，要密切注意食物的比例。你的盘子里应该大部分是健康食品)”说明在聚会上盛食物时要注意食物比例，空处应承接上文，具体说明食物的比例，E选项“Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, a quarter with carbs and the rest with protein. (用水果和蔬菜填满盘子的一半，四分之一放碳水化合物，其余的放蛋白质)”具体说明配比方式，符合语境。 4．下文“You don’t have to cut out desserts entirely; simply choose lighter alternatives such as angel food cake and sip water between bites to feel full more quickly. A small slice of cake or a tiny taste of a cookie is enough to satisfy your sweet cravings without adding too many calories. (你不必完全戒掉甜点；只需选择更清淡的替代品，如天使蛋糕，并在两口之间喝点水，让自己更快有饱腹感。一小块蛋糕或一小口饼干就足以满足你对甜食的渴望，而不会增加太多热量)”说明在吃甜点时要有选择，空处位于段首，应概括本段内容，A选项“Be cautious and make wise choices at the holiday dessert table. (在节日甜点桌上要谨慎并做出明智的选择)”统领本段主旨，符合语境。 5．上文“Don’t overlook liquid calories, which accumulate rapidly. Alcohol, eggnog and sweetened hot chocolate are all high in calories. (不要忽视液体热量，它们会迅速积累。酒精、蛋奶酒和含糖热巧克力饮品热量都很高)”说明酒精、蛋奶酒等饮品热量高，空处应承接上文，提出控制液体热量的方法，F选项“Limit alcohol intake to 1-2 servings and choose lighter options such as wine or light beer. (将酒精摄入量限制在1-2份，并选择清淡的饮品，如葡萄酒或淡啤酒)”贴合本段液体热量主题，符合语境。 人与社会 Passage 1 Among all human facial expressions, none is more universally recognized than the smile. It serves as an instinctive signal of friendliness and puts those around us at ease. That’s why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. 1 . Consider what happened in a doctor’s waiting room. Patients sat in tense silence, frustrated over the long delay. A young woman entered with her nine-month-old baby and sat next to an impatient gentleman. The baby looked up at him and smiled. 2 . Soon he started a conversation with her about her baby and his grandchildren. Then the whole room joined in, and the tension turned into a pleasant experience. 3 . Telephone companies have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. They suggest smiling when talking. Remarkably, that smile comes through in their voice, making them sound more welcoming. You don’t feel like smiling? Well, force yourself to smile. If you are alone, force yourself to whistle or hum a tune or sing. 4 and that will tend to make you happy. Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill. 5 . To someone who has seen nothing but frowns all day, your smile is like sunlight breaking through clouds. For those under pressure, a single smile can remind them that hope remains. A．Act as if you were already happy B．It has the power to brighten even the darkest of days C．So, naturally, we find ourselves drawn to them in return D．The effect of a smile is powerful, even when it is unseen E．He smiled back at the baby, and something in him softened F．The ability to smile naturally develops the more you practice it G．We should offer others a genuine smile that comes from within 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】主要介绍微笑的普遍力量，结合生活实例，阐述微笑能缓和气氛、传递善意并治愈情绪。 1．根据前文“That’s why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins.(这就是狗狗受欢迎的原因。它们见到我们无比开心，几乎欣喜若狂。)”可知，前文讲述狗狗热情友善的表现，空格处需要承接该内容，说明人们会因此被狗狗吸引。C选项“So, naturally, we find ourselves drawn to them in return.(所以自然而然，我们也会反过来被它们吸引。)”中代词them指代前文dogs，承接上文狗狗的友好，逻辑通顺，符合语境。 2．根据前文“The baby looked up at him and smiled.(婴儿抬头看向这位男士并露出了微笑。)”以及后文“Soon he started a conversation with her about her baby and his grandchildren.(很快他主动和这位女士聊起孩子与自己的孙辈。)”可知，婴儿的微笑改变了男士烦躁的状态。E选项“He smiled back at the baby, and something in him softened.(他对着婴儿回以微笑，内心也变得温和。)”中He指代前文impatient gentleman，承接婴儿的微笑，体现情绪转变，衔接下文友好交流，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据后文“Telephone companies have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. They suggest smiling when talking. Remarkably, that smile comes through in their voice, making them sound more welcoming. (电话公司设有一项名为“电话魅力”的项目，面向需要通过电话推销服务或产品的员工。公司建议员工通话时保持微笑。值得注意的是，这份笑意会透过声音传递出来，让人听起来更加亲切友善。)”可知，本段介绍看不见的微笑依旧能发挥作用。D选项“The effect of a smile is powerful, even when it is unseen.(即使不被看见，微笑的力量依旧强大。)”总领本段内容，引出电话沟通的实例，符合语境。 4．根据前文“If you are alone, force yourself to whistle or hum a tune or sing.(独处时，强迫自己吹口哨、哼唱小曲或唱歌。)”以及后文“and that will tend to make you happy.(这样做会让你慢慢变得开心。)”可知，此处介绍主动做出愉悦举动来调节心情。A选项“Act as if you were already happy.(假装自己已经处在快乐之中。)”承接上文刻意做出轻松行为的做法，引出后续情绪的积极改变，符合语境。 5．根据前文“Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill.(你的微笑是善意的信使。)”以及后文“To someone who has seen nothing but frowns all day, your smile is like sunlight breaking through clouds.(对于整日面对愁容的人，你的微笑如同拨云见日的阳光。)”可知，此处强调微笑治愈人心、点亮生活的价值。B选项“It has the power to brighten even the darkest of days.(它拥有照亮灰暗日子的力量。)”中It指代前文your smile，承接微笑的善意属性，呼应后文微笑的治愈作用，符合语境。 Passage 2 The belief in talking to plants has existed for centuries. Ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks and local cultures, believed plants responded to energy, emotion, and sound. In the 1840s, German professor Gustav Fechner suggested plants might have feelings. 1 Technically, plants don't have ears or a nervous system, so they don't “hear” in the traditional sense. However, studies have shown plants can detect vibrations (振动) in their environment -including sound waves produced by human speech or music. 2 For instance, South Korean researchers found certain plant genes (基因) responded positively to classical music and human voice frequencies. Some studies suggest that plants respond more favorably to female voices than male voices due to differences in pitch (音高) and frequency. Music types like classical or jazz have shown positive results, while loud rock music may stress plants. Ultimately, regularity and loudness may influence the result. 3 4 However, that doesn't mean your words are wasted. The gentle vibrations from your voice, along with the regular care that comes from daily contact, could still create a more supportive environment for your plants. So while there is no direct scientific evidence, your green friends just might benefit from the attention. Talking to plants may not be magic, but it does encourage a deeper connection with nature, mindful gardening, and perhaps even a little extra vibrational help. 5 That way, your plant may thank you in its own green way. So go ahead — speak softly some words of encouragement to your favorite leafy green plant. A．Genes play an important role in plants' growth. B．You might rely on science or just care for plants well. C．Nobody has observed plants react to external factors. D．They can detect and respond to sounds like speech or music. E．We haven’t proven talking to plants directly speeds growth. F．Gentle and calm sounds seem to create vibrations that are more beneficial to plants. G．That laid the basis for the idea of a psychological connection between humans and nature. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．B 【导语】文章结合科学研究说明植物虽无传统听觉却能感知声音振动，分析不同声音对植物的影响，以及与植物对话的实际意义和价值。 1．上文“The belief in talking to plants has existed for centuries. Ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks and local cultures, believed plants responded to energy, emotion, and sound. In the 1840s, German professor Gustav Fechner suggested plants might have feelings.(人们与植物对话的信念已经存在了几个世纪。古希腊等古代文明和当地文化认为植物会对能量、情感和声音做出反应。19世纪40年代，德国教授古斯塔夫·费希纳提出植物可能拥有情感。)”讲述了人类与植物对话这一想法的历史和相关观点。选项G“That laid the basis for the idea of a psychological connection between humans and nature.(这为人与自然之间存在心理联系的观点奠定了基础)”承接上文提到的观点，总结其意义。 2．上文“Technically, plants don't have ears or a nervous system, so they don't “hear” in the traditional sense. However, studies have shown plants can detect vibrations in their environment -including sound waves produced by human speech or music.(从技术上讲，植物没有耳朵和神经系统，所以它们不会以传统意义上的方式“倾听”。然而，研究表明植物可以感知环境中的振动——包括人类说话或音乐产生的声波。)”说明植物虽无传统听觉，但能感知声音相关振动。选项D“They can detect and respond to sounds like speech or music.(它们能够察觉并回应说话、音乐这类声音)”进一步明确植物对声音的感知与反应，与下文“South Korean researchers found certain plant genes responded positively to classical music and human voice frequencies.(韩国研究人员发现，某些植物基因对古典音乐和人声频率有积极反应)”的例子相呼应，符合语境。 3．上文“Some studies suggest that plants respond more favorably to female voices than male voices due to differences in pitch and frequency. Music types like classical or jazz have shown positive results, while loud rock music may stress plants. Ultimately, regularity and loudness may influence the result.(一些研究表明，由于音高和频率的差异，植物对女性声音的反应比男性更好。古典音乐或爵士乐等音乐类型已显示出积极效果，而嘈杂的摇滚乐可能会给植物带来压力。归根结底，声音的规律性和音量可能会影响结果。)”分析了不同声音对植物的影响。选项F“Gentle and calm sounds seem to create vibrations that are more beneficial to plants.(温和舒缓的声音似乎能产生更有益于植物的振动)”承接上文，总结温和声音对植物的积极作用，符合语境。 4．下文“However, that doesn't mean your words are wasted. The gentle vibrations from your voice, along with the regular care that comes from daily contact, could still create a more supportive environment for your plants.(然而，这并不意味着你的话是白费的。你声音带来的温和振动，以及日常接触中给予的定期照料，仍然可以为你的植物创造一个更有利的生长环境。)”以转折的方式说明与植物对话并非毫无意义。选项E“We haven't proven talking to plants directly speeds growth.(我们尚未证明与植物对话能直接加快其生长速度)”提出目前没有直接证据证明对话的直接作用，与下文的转折形成逻辑衔接，符合语境。 5．上文“Talking to plants may not be magic, but it does encourage a deeper connection with nature, mindful gardening, and perhaps even a little extra vibrational help.(与植物对话可能不是魔法，但它确实能促进人与大自然的深度连接，培养用心园艺的习惯，或许还能提供一点额外的振动帮助。)”说明与植物对话的价值。选项B“You might rely on science or just care for plants well.(你可以依靠科学，也可以只是用心好好照料植物)”总结了与植物相处的两种方式，与下文“That way, your plant may thank you in its own green way.(这样，你的植物可能会以自己的绿色方式感谢你。)”衔接自然，符合语境。 Passage 3 Around the world, an increasing number of westerners are embracing the idea of “becoming Chinese” — an Internet meme created by an online influencer. 1 “Becoming Chinese” is catching on for some practical reasons. 2 Many owners often pair Electric vehicles (EVs) with Chinese smartphones and apps to manage everything from payments to health tracking — not out of brand loyalty, but for their performance, convenient integration and responsive service. “Becoming Chinese” also means embracing Chinese philosophy of life: practical yet poetic, smart yet kind. Many foreigners begin adopting and incorporating small Chinese habits in their daily routines: doing a few minutes of Ba Duan Jin in the morning, sipping warm water or goji berry tea during the day, and wearing slippers at home instead of going barefoot. 3 4 Open-source AI models like DeepSeek, developed in China, are used daily by people around the world — for real-time translation, personalized health tips, and even co-creating stories with fans. Webnovel, a Chinese fiction app, boasts over 30 million readers outside China. With AI-powered real-time translation breaking down language barriers, global audiences can engage directly with Chinese stories and discover shared values. From visiting China to buying Chinese goods and now to “being Chinese”, each step deepens the connection between China and the world. In a sense, the Chinese way of life has become a new kind of global public good. Some call it “Chinamaxxing”, the Chinese style meets a global taste for sustainability, balance, harmony and co-creation. 5 A．And in that meeting, mutual inspiration emerges. B．Digital tools are fueling the “being Chinese” trend, too. C．Responses to these practices have been largely positive. D．Soft power becomes persuasive only when it is grounded in tangible products. E．Of course, they are not “becoming Chinese” by birth or passport, but in practice. F．Over the past decade, “Made in China” has gained an increasing global market share. G．These stem from a long-standing Chinese philosophy: live in tune with nature and stay healthy before problems arise. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了越来越多的西方人开始接受“成为中国人”的理念，并阐述了这一现象背后的原因及影响。 1．由上文“Around the world, an increasing number of westerners are embracing the idea of “becoming Chinese” — an Internet meme created by an online influencer. (在世界各地，越来越多的西方人开始接受“成为中国人”这一理念——这是一个由网络影响者创造的网络热词。)”及下文““Becoming Chinese” is catching on for some practical reasons. (“成为中国人”正在流行是有一些实际原因的。)”对“成为中国人”的详细解释可知，本空应进一步说明西方人“成为中国人”的具体方式，E选项“Of course, they are not “becoming Chinese” by birth or passport, but in practice.(当然，他们并非在出生或护照上成为中国人，而是在实践中。)”能承上启下，符合语境。 2．由上文““Becoming Chinese” is catching on for some practical reasons. (“成为中国人”正在流行是有一些实际原因的。)”及下文“Many owners often pair Electric vehicles (EVs) with Chinese smartphones and apps to manage everything from payments to health tracking — not out of brand loyalty, but for their performance, convenient integration and responsive service. (许多车主经常将电动汽车与中国智能手机和应用配对，以管理从支付到健康跟踪的一切——不是出于品牌忠诚度，而是因为它们的性能、便捷的集成和响应迅速的服务。)”可知，上文说明“成为中国人”有实际原因，下文举例说明中国产品受欢迎的实际原因，本空应说明中国产品受欢迎的现实情况，F选项“Over the past decade, “Made in China” has gained an increasing global market share. (在过去的十年里，“中国制造”在全球市场上的份额越来越大。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 3．由上文“Many foreigners begin adopting and incorporating small Chinese habits in their daily routines: doing a few minutes of Ba Duan Jin in the morning, sipping warm water or goji berry tea during the day, and wearing slippers at home instead of going barefoot.(许多外国人开始在日常生活中采用并融入一些中国的小习惯：早上做几分钟八段锦，白天喝温水或枸杞茶，在家穿拖鞋而不是赤脚。)”可知，上文列举了外国人学习的中式生活习惯，此处应说明这些习惯背后的哲学理念。G选项“These stem from a long-standing Chinese philosophy: live in tune with nature and stay healthy before problems arise. (这些源于中国悠久的哲学理念：与自然和谐相处，在问题出现之前保持健康。)”能承接上文，符合语境。 4．由下文“Open-source AI models like DeepSeek, developed in China, are used daily by people around the world — for real-time translation, personalized health tips, and even co-creating stories with fans. Webnovel, a Chinese fiction app, boasts over 30 million readers outside China. (像DeepSeek这样的开源人工智能模型由中国开发，每天被世界各地的人们使用——用于实时翻译、个性化健康提示，甚至与粉丝共同创作故事。中国小说应用Webnovel在国外拥有超过3000万读者。)”可知，本段主要介绍数字科技产品推动这一趋势。B选项“Digital tools are fueling the “being Chinese” trend, too.(数字工具也在推动“成为中国人”的趋势。)”总领本段，引出下文内容，符合语境。 5．由上文“Some call it “Chinamaxxing” the Chinese style meets a global taste for sustainability, balance, harmony and co-creation. (有人将其称为“极致中式生活”，中国式格调契合了全球民众对可持续发展、平衡、和谐与共创的追求。)”可知上文提到中式理念与全球需求相契合，此处应说明这种融合带来的结果。A选项“And in that meeting, mutual inspiration emerges. (在这种融合中，相互启发应运而生。)”能承接上文，符合语境。 Passage 4 Reusable water bottles were always popular with outdoor enthusiasts who took them on hikes and with environmentalists who opposed single-use water bottles. 1 Water bottles have come out of the back of the store and onto the front shelves as their popularity soared. That’s because consumers, especially Gen Zers began to view reusables as more than just functional water containers but as charming fashion accessories (配饰). 2 It came from social media. The water bottles are connected to young people’s outfit and lifestyle. Gen Zers are also decorating their bottles with stickers, key chains, and are purchasing accessories like backpacks for their bottles. 3 Stanley, which was really in three years ago and then out, just released a collection with pop stars and sports figures. But if you want to be eco-friendly, having multiple reusable bottles defeats the purpose. Specifically, a reusable bottle needs to be used around 500 times to cancel out its environmental cost. So many young consumers may not fully understand the impact of buying multiple bottles. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that there are definitely plenty of good reasons to own a reusable water bottle. Not only is staying hydrated (补水) a fundamental key to your health but also having a water bottle with you reminds you to drink. 4 Aside from that, switching to a reusable bottle rather than disposable bottled water will help reduce your carbon footprint and will keep plastic out of landfills and oceans. Promoting healthy self-care habits is a big part of Gen Z values. 5 So, before you head to your nearest Target or Walmart, think about whether you really need a new one. Is having the newest color or design really necessary? A．But how did this turn to so-called Water Bottle Culture? B．After all, hydration goes a long way for focus and energy. C．Water bottle culture may be cute, but core values matter most. D．What role does social media play in promoting reusable products? E．Despite a common sight, they are not typical simple reusable bottles. F．Environmentalists are warning against this trend of over-consumption. G．The manufacturers are following their lead by making various bottles. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．C 【导语】文章主要讨论了可重复使用水瓶从户外爱好者和环保主义者的小众产品转变为年轻人的时尚配饰这一趋势，分析了社交媒体对这一文化的推动作用，也指出了过度消费带来的环境问题。 1．前文“Reusable water bottles were always popular with outdoor enthusiasts who took them on hikes and with environmentalists who opposed single-use water bottles. (可重复使用的水瓶一直受到徒步旅行时可随身携带的户外运动爱好者和反对一次性水瓶的环保主义者的欢迎。)”表明这类水瓶原本有固定的人群在使用。后文“Water bottles have come out of the back of the store and onto the front shelves as their popularity soared. (随着水瓶的受欢迎程度飙升，它们已经从商店的后面来到了前面的货架上。)”表明水瓶已经变得非常流行，进入了更广泛的市场。这种前后的变化中间需要一句话进行过渡。E选项“Despite a common sight, they are not typical simple reusable bottles. (尽管它们很常见，但它们并不是典型的简单可重复使用的水瓶。)”承接前文，又对后文进行了铺垫。 2．前文“That’s because consumers, especially Gen Zers began to view reusables as more than just functional water containers but as charming fashion accessories. (那是因为消费者，尤其是Z世代，开始认为可重复使用水瓶不仅仅是功能性的盛水容器，而是迷人的时尚配饰。)”解释了水瓶流行的直接原因。A选项“But how did this turn to so-called Water Bottle Culture? (但这如何转变为所谓的水瓶文化呢？)”中的“this”指代前文提到的“Z世代将水瓶视为时尚配饰”这一文化现象。后文“It came from social media. (它来自于社交媒体。)”中的“It”也指这一现象，并进一步揭示其源头，逻辑连贯。 3．前文“Gen Zers are also decorating their bottles with stickers, key chains, and are purchasing accessories like backpacks for their bottles. (Z世代还在用贴纸、钥匙链装饰他们的水瓶，并购买像水瓶背包这样的配件。)”具体描述了年轻人购买和装饰水瓶及配件的消费行为。G选项“The manufacturers are following their lead by making various bottles. (制造商正追随他们的脚步，生产各种各样的水瓶。)”承接前文，指出制造商迎合年轻人生产各种水瓶，又引起后文“Stanley, which was really in three years ago and then out, just released a collection with pop stars and sports figures. (斯坦利这个品牌，三年前曾经非常流行，后来过气了，最近刚与流行歌星和体育明星合作发布了一个系列。)”举例说明水瓶生产商具体如何迎合年轻消费者的行为，G选项起到了承上启下的作用。 4．前文“Not only is staying hydrated a fundamental key to your health but also having a water bottle with you reminds you to drink. (补水不仅是健康的基本要素，而且随身携带水瓶会提醒你喝水。)”说明了水瓶有助于提醒饮水，对健康有好处。B选项“After all, hydration goes a long way for focus and energy. (毕竟，补水对注意力和精力大有裨益。)”说补水对注意力和精力的益处，是对前文的补充和具体说明补水带来哪些方面的好处，且B选项中“hydration”与前文的“staying hydrated”形成了直接而紧密的词汇呼应。 5．前文“Promoting healthy self-care habits is a big part of Gen Z values. (推广健康的自我护理习惯是Z世代价值观的重要组成部分。)”指出健康自我护理是Z世代的核心价值观之一。C选项“Water bottle culture may be cute, but core values matter most. (水瓶文化可能很可爱，但核心价值观最重要。)”中的“core values”与前文的“Gen Z values”在语义上直接呼应，在承认水瓶文化的吸引力的同时，又能引起后文“So, before you head to your nearest Target or Walmart, think about whether you really need a new one. Is having the newest color or design really necessary? (所以，在你去附近的Target或沃尔玛之前，想想你是否真的需要一个新的水瓶。拥有最新的颜色或设计真的有必要吗？)”的反思性建议与其衔接，引导读者在消费前进行反思，起到承上启下的作用。 Passage 5 When was the last time you told a small lie? Maybe you said a cheap shirt cost even less than it did, or you made an expensive meal sound more costly, just to shock people. 1 However, what cannot be ignored is that they can add up. Too many harmless lies can cause disbelief and weaken trust. Relationship expert Jessica Alderson explains that lying is often a survival mechanism. People lie to protect their reputation, keep social bonds, or encourage others, especially children. However, even a small lie can destroy trust and damage our integrity. 2 Prosocial (亲社会的) lies aim to protect someone’s feelings — for example, telling a friend their haircut looks nice when you know they are insecure about it. These can be acceptable in certain situations. Self-serving lies, however, are told for personal gain, often at the expense of others. Communication expert Christopher Richards believes all lies should be avoided. 3 When people frequently exaggerate (夸张), others may begin to doubt their credibility. Telling lies also affects our bodies. 4 Our brains work harder to keep the story straight, which can disturb sleep, lead to anxiety, and harm decision-making. Over time, this extra stress can harm our health. 5 Practice telling the truth in certain situations, like admitting what something really cost. If you feel the urge to lie, ask yourself what you are afraid of. Understanding the root cause makes it easier to choose honesty. While the truth may hurt momentarily, it spares us from the ongoing stress of keeping lies alive. A．Lies fall into two types. B．These little lies may seem harmless. C．To become more honest, experts suggest starting small. D．Even well-intentioned lies can lead to doubt when overused. E．The more you lie, the easier it becomes to lose sight of true love. F．White lies may be harmful, but they are told out of people’s kindness. G．Research shows that lying demands much more energy than truth-telling. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．G 5．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了谎言的不同类型、产生的负面影响以及如何培养诚实的品质。 1．由上文“Maybe you said a cheap shirt cost even less than it did, or you made an expensive meal sound more costly, just to shock people.(也许你会说一件便宜的衬衫比实际价格更便宜，或者把一顿昂贵的饭菜说得更贵，只是为了让别人感到惊讶。)”以及下文“However, what cannot be ignored is that they can add up. Too many harmless lies can cause disbelief and weaken trust.(然而，不可忽视的是，这些谎言会累积起来。过多无伤大雅的谎言会引发猜忌并削弱信任。)”可知，本空要对上文的小谎言进行评价，B选项“These little lies may seem harmless.(这些小谎言看似毫无害处。)”能承上启下，符合题意。 2．由下文“Prosocial (亲社会的) lies aim to protect someone’s feelings — for example, telling a friend their haircut looks nice when you know they are insecure about it. These can be acceptable in certain situations. Self-serving lies, however, are told for personal gain, often at the expense of others.(亲社会谎言旨在顾及他人感受——例如，明明知道朋友对自己的发型没有信心，却仍夸赞对方发型好看。这类谎言在某些情况下是可以被接受的。然而，利己谎言则是为谋取个人利益而编造的，往往会损害他人的利益。)”可知，本段主要对谎言进行分类介绍，A选项“Lies fall into two types.(谎言分为两种类型。)”能概括本段内容，符合题意。 3．由上文“Communication expert Christopher Richards believes all lies should be avoided.(沟通专家Christopher Richards认为所有谎言都应避免。)”以及下文“When people frequently exaggerate (夸张), others may begin to doubt their credibility.(当人们频繁夸张其词时，他人可能会开始质疑其可信度。)”可知，本空要承接上文，说明即便是善意的谎言使用过多也会带来负面影响，D选项“Even well-intentioned lies can lead to doubt when overused.(即便是善意的谎言，过度使用也会引发猜忌。)”能承上启下，符合题意。 4．由上文“Telling lies also affects our bodies.(说谎也会影响我们的身体。)”以及下文“Our brains work harder to keep the story straight, which can disturb sleep, lead to anxiety, and harm decision-making.(我们的大脑需要更费力地维持谎言逻辑，这会扰乱睡眠、引发焦虑并损害决策能力。)”可知，本空要说明说谎对身体产生影响的具体表现，G选项“Research shows that lying demands much more energy than truth-telling.(研究表明，说谎比说真话需要消耗更多精力。)”能承上启下，符合题意。 5．由下文“Practice telling the truth in certain situations, like admitting what something really cost. If you feel the urge to lie, ask yourself what you are afraid of.(在特定场景练习说真话，比如如实承认物品的真实价格。当你产生说谎的冲动时，问问自己在害怕什么。)”可知，本段主要介绍培养诚实品质的具体做法，C选项“To become more honest, experts suggest starting small.(想要变得更诚实，专家建议从小事做起。)”能概括本段内容，符合题意。 人与自然 Passage 1 Imagine this: A big earthquake is about to hit. The ground is still and the sky is clear. Humans go about their day, unaware of what’s coming. But the animals? They know. Dogs start barking uncontrollably and birds fly away in a confused mess. Even fish act strangely, swimming quickly in wild patterns. Hours later — disaster hits. 1 Months before a 7.3 magnitude (震级) earthquake hit Haicheng, China, in 1975, villagers reported snakes waking up and coming out in the dead of winter and dogs acting in an unusual way. 2 This decision saved thousands of lives. Similarly, before the disastrous Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, elephants were observed running inland and birds deserting their low-lying nesting areas. Many wild animals seemed to escape to safety. 3 The answer lies in their ability to pick up signals we don’t notice. Many animals have heightened sensitivity to vibrations (震动) in the ground. Elephants, for example, can sense earthquake waves through their feet. Changes in air pressure and electrostatic fields (静电场) provide other warning signals. Birds and insects are highly sensitive to air pressure, which often changes before hurricanes and tsunamis. 4 Dogs, known for their powerful noses, might pick up these slight chemical changes before humans. Do humans still have this instinct (本能)? Before modern technology, humans depended on natural instincts to survive. Have you ever had a strong feeling that something bad was about to happen? Have you ever changed plans at the last minute, only to realize you avoided an accident? 5 But we ignore them and trust our reasoning. Animals don’t second-guess themselves — they just react. A．How do animals know? B．What signals do animals sense? C．Modern technology has made us forget these skills. D．Some scientists believe we still have potential survival instincts. E．Earthquakes sometimes send out gases from underground faults. F．The government took the warnings seriously and told people to leave. G．Real-world cases prove that animals can sense disasters before they hit. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．A 4．E 5．D 【导语】主要列举多地动物预知地震海啸的实例，分析动物感知灾难的原理，并探讨人类是否仍保留这类生存本能。 1．根据前文“Dogs start barking uncontrollably and birds fly away in a confused mess. Even fish act strangely, swimming quickly in wild patterns. Hours later — disaster hits.(狗开始失控狂吠，鸟儿慌乱飞走，鱼儿游动异常，数小时后灾难降临。)”可知，前文描绘动物反常行为提前预示灾难的情景。G选项“Real-world cases prove that animals can sense disasters before they hit.(现实案例证明动物能在灾难来临前感知到危险。)”总结上文场景，总领下文真实事例，符合语境。 2．根据前文“Months before a 7.3 magnitude (震级) earthquake hit Haicheng, China, in 1975, villagers reported snakes waking up and coming out in the dead of winter and dogs acting in an unusual way (早在1975年中国海城发生7.3级大地震的数月前，村民们就发现，隆冬时节本该冬眠的蛇纷纷苏醒出洞，狗狗也出现了反常的行为。)”以及空后“This decision saved thousands of lives.(这一决定挽救了数千人的生命。)”可知，空格处应填入政府根据动物异常现象做出防灾举措。F选项“The government took the warnings seriously and told people to leave.(政府重视这一预警并通知民众撤离。)”承接前文动物反常迹象，照应后文挽救生命的结果，符合语境。 3．根据空后“The answer lies in their ability to pick up signals we don’t notice.(答案在于它们能够捕捉到人类察觉不到的信号。)”可知，后文回答动物预知灾难的原因，空格处应为提出相关疑问。A选项“How do animals know?(动物是如何预知的？)”提出设问，引出下文原理分析，承上启下，符合语境。 4．根据后文“Dogs, known for their powerful noses, might pick up these slight chemical changes before humans.(嗅觉灵敏的狗能比人类提前察觉这些细微的化学变化。)”可知，后文提到化学变化，空格处应说明地震会释放相关气体。E选项“Earthquakes sometimes send out gases from underground faults.(地震有时会从地下断层释放出气体。)”为后文化学变化与狗狗嗅觉感知提供依据，衔接自然，符合语境。 5．根据前文“Have you ever had a strong feeling that something bad was about to happen? Have you ever changed plans at the last minute, only to realize you avoided an accident?(你是否曾有不祥预感、临时改计划从而避开意外？)”以及后文“But we ignore them and trust our reasoning.(但我们忽略本能，只相信理性判断。)”可知，空格处承接人类有莫名预感的现象，说明人类仍保有生存本能。D选项“Some scientists believe we still have potential survival  instincts.(一些科学家认为我们仍拥有潜在的生存本能。)”衔接前后文，形成转折逻辑，符合语境。 Passage 2 Animals have always had to adapt. 1 The rate of species loss is growing, and it’s estimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate. The World Wide Fund for Nature revealed a 73% decline in the average size of the wildlife populations monitored between 1970 and 2020. Currently, around a third of amphibian (两栖的) species are at risk of extinction. Mass extinction events can also cause animals to evolve as the territories they live in change so quickly. Animals must adapt to survive in new environments where previous wildlife has been eliminated. 2 Our ancestors evolved three times faster in the 10 million years following the giant species’ extinction compared to the previous 80 million years. 3 After all, those adapting well are far more likely to survive. Many animals use hairless parts of their body to help regulate their body temperature. In the case of wood mice,their tails are becoming longer. Similarly, the ears of elephants are growing. This comes down to simple physical principles: animals can cool off more quickly through larger surface areas. At the same time, animals are becoming smaller, which again helps them to lose heat more quickly because of the greater surface areas to volume. Animals are also becoming lighter in colour. 4 Surely, it’s a good thing that animals are adapting? Well, yes and no. Adaptation to meet one challenge can create new challenges. Birds with larger beaks (喙), for example, may find it more difficult to feed. 5 The current situation has scientists concerned about the rate at which this “shapeshifting" is happening. A．This may lead to unnecessary food waste. B．Those without this ability have simply been extinct. C．The realistic question is how far an animal can adapt. D．Global warming destroys the homes of many animals. E．Animals change body structures due to climate change. F．For instance, evolution exploded after dinosaurs died out. G．That keeps them cooler and better hidden in sunny places. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物为适应环境发生身体结构的改变，同时指出这种适应存在限度并引发科学家担忧。 1．根据前文“Animals have always had to adapt.(动物一直都必须适应环境。)”以及后文“The rate of species loss is growing, and it’s estimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate.(物种灭绝的速度正在加快，据估计比自然灭绝速度高出1000到10000倍。)”可知，前文强调动物需要适应，后文说明物种灭绝情况，B选项“Those without this ability have simply been extinct.(那些没有这种适应能力的动物都已经灭绝了。)”承接前后文，解释了物种灭绝的原因，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据前文“Mass extinction events can also cause animals to evolve as the territories they live in change so quickly.(大规模灭绝事件也会导致动物进化，因为它们生存的领地变化太快。)”以及后文“Our ancestors evolved three times faster in the 10 million years following the giant species’ extinction compared to the previous 80 million years. (在巨型物种灭绝后的1000万年里，我们祖先的进化速度比之前的8000万年快了三倍。)”可知，后文以人类祖先为例说明灭绝事件后的进化，F选项“For instance, evolution exploded after dinosaurs died out.(例如，恐龙灭绝后进化速度加快。)”举例印证前文观点，符合语境。故选F项。 3．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的中心句，根据后文“After all, those adapting well are far more likely to survive. Many animals use hairless parts of their body to help regulate their body temperature. In the case of wood mice, their tails are becoming longer. Similarly, the ears of elephants are growing. (毕竟，适应能力强的动物更有可能生存下来。许多动物利用身体无毛的部位来帮助调节体温。以林鼠为例，它们的尾巴变得越来越长。同样，大象的耳朵也在变大。)”可知，本段讲述动物因环境变化改变身体结构，E选项“Animals change body structures due to climate change.(动物因气候变化而改变身体结构。)”能概括本段主题，符合语境。故选E项。 4．根据前文“Animals are also becoming lighter in colour.(动物的颜色也变得越来越浅。)”可知，前文说明动物体色变浅的现象，此空应解释该变化的作用，G选项“That keeps them cooler and better hidden in sunny places.(这能让它们在阳光充足的地方更凉爽，也更容易隐藏。)”说明了体色变浅的好处，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据前文“Adaptation to meet one challenge can create new challenges. Birds with larger beaks (喙), for example, may find it more difficult to feed. (为应对一个挑战而进行的适应可能会带来新的挑战。例如，喙更大的鸟类可能会发现进食更加困难。)”以及后文“The current situation has scientists concerned about the rate at which this “shapeshifting” is happening. (目前的情况让科学家担心这种“形态改变”的发生速度。)”可知，前文说明适应带来新问题，C选项“The realistic question is how far an animal can adapt.(现实的问题是动物能适应到什么程度。)”承接前后文，引出科学家的担忧，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 3 Just like humans, animals also grow wiser as they age. The bigmouth buffalo fish can reach 127 years old, the Greenland shark 392 years old, and some sponges can live for 10,000 years or more. 1 As animals get older, they behave differently depending on their life experiences, gain richer knowledge of their environment, and often pass it on to younger members of their group. 2 Few make it to old age, and the ones that do are vulnerable to being hunted or harvested by humans, because they are the biggest or have, for example, the largest antlers, horns, or tusks. Eliminating the largest and most experienced animals can have significant consequences for group culture and social structures, researchers warn. They are arguing for a new approach called “longevity conservation.” 3 Older mammals may produce fewer offspring themselves, but they help look after young. 4 The theory was first studied in humans, and has also been explored in species like elephants and orcas. The lead researcher, Keller Kopf, an ecologist at Charles Darwin University in Australia found that the more he examined different groups of animals, the more he stumbled on remarkable instances demonstrating the value of older creatures. Primates, whales, elephants, and pack-hunting animals all have old individuals who carry vital cultural knowledge and maintain social structures. 5 They are also more familiar with dangers, like listening for lions. The loss of old individuals can be a driving factor for many species threatened with extinction. Kopf and his co-authors call for “longevity conservation.” A．However, old animals are in decline. B．As a matter of fact, age is not just a number. C．It demands that we prioritize life experience over genetic diversity. D．For instance, older female elephants remember friends and enemies. E．It needs the “living libraries” of inherited wisdom critical for survival. F．This is known as the “grandmother hypothesis” for healthy populations. G．Their enduring lives reveal nature’s hidden lessons in patience and adaptation. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了动物随年龄增长变聪明，强调保护年长动物的重要性。 1．由上文“Just like humans, animals also grow wiser as they age. The bigmouth buffalo fish can reach 127 years old, the Greenland shark 392 years old, and some sponges can live for 10,000 years or more.(就像人类一样，动物也会随着年龄的增长而变得更加聪明。大口水牛鱼可以活到127岁，格陵兰鲨鱼可以活到392岁，一些海绵可以活到1万年甚至更久。)”及下文“As animals get older, they behave differently depending on their life experiences, gain richer knowledge of their environment, and often pass it on to younger members of their group.(随着动物年龄的增长，它们会根据生活经历表现出不同的行为，对环境有更丰富的了解，并经常将这些知识传递给群体中的年轻成员。)”可知，上文说明了动物会随着年龄增长变聪明，下文进一步说明年龄增长带来的具体影响，本空应强调年龄不只是数字，而是有实际意义。B选项“As a matter of fact, age is not just a number.(事实上，年龄不仅仅是一个数字。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 2．由下文“Few make it to old age, and the ones that do are vulnerable to being hunted or harvested by humans, because they are the biggest or have, for example, the largest antlers, horns, or tusks.(很少有动物能活到高龄，而那些活到高龄的动物又极易被人类猎杀或捕获，因为它们体型最大，或是长着最大的鹿角、犄角或象牙。)”可知，本段讲述老年动物的生存困境。A选项 “However, old animals are in decline.(然而，老年动物的数量正在减少。)”引出后文内容，符合语境。故选A。 3．由上文“They are arguing for a new approach called “longevity conservation.”(他们呼吁一种名为“长寿保护”的新方法。)”可知，本空应解释这一方法的要求。E选项“It needs the “living libraries” of inherited wisdom critical for survival.(它需要承载传承生存关键智慧的“活图书馆”。)”对应前文老年动物积累并传递知识的特点，阐释“长寿保护”的内涵，符合语境。故选E。 4．由上文“Older mammals may produce fewer offspring themselves, but they help look after young.(年长的哺乳动物自己可能产下的后代较少，但它们会帮助照顾幼崽。)”及下文“The theory was first studied in humans, and has also been explored in species like elephants and orcas.(这一理论最初是在人类中研究的，也在大象和虎鲸等物种中进行了探索。)”可知，上文说明了年长哺乳动物会帮助照顾幼崽，下文提到了这一理论在人类、大象和虎鲸等物种中的研究，本空应引出这一理论。F选项“This is known as the “grandmother hypothesis” for healthy populations.(这被称为健康种群的“祖母假说”。)”符合语境，引出了“祖母假说”这一理论。故选F。 5．由上文“Primates, whales, elephants, and pack-hunting animals all have old individuals who carry vital cultural knowledge and maintain social structures.(灵长类动物、鲸鱼、大象和群居狩猎动物都有年长的个体，它们携带重要的文化知识并维持社会结构。)”及下文“They are also more familiar with dangers, like listening for lions.(它们也更熟悉危险，比如听狮子的声音。)”可知，上文说明了年长个体携带重要文化知识和维持社会结构，下文进一步说明它们对危险的熟悉程度，本空应举例说明年长个体的具体作用。D选项“For instance, older female elephants remember friends and enemies.(例如，年长的雌性大象会记住朋友和敌人。)”符合语境，举例说明了年长女性大象的作用。故选D。 Passage 4 Mike, a devoted birdwatcher, begins the morning not with an alarm, but with the first chorus of dawn. His retreat is the quiet edge of the wetland, and his tool is an old telescope. 1 A study confirms that birdwatching can boost happiness, reduce stress, and deepen one’s bond with nature more effectively than a simple walk in the park. This experience reflects the deeply rooted human connection to the natural world. Mike doesn’t just observe nature; he feels part of it. 2 Researchers suggest that biodiversity itself functions as a kind of medicine, easing tension and inviting calm through its subtle complexity. 3 When Mike is tracking a bird’s slow hunt or identifying a bird by its melody, he enters a state known as “flow”. Time slips away, replaced by focused curiosity and quiet engagement. This absorption emerges naturally, leaving him afterward with a gentle wave of satisfaction — a mental clarity that stays long after he lowers his telescope. What makes birdwatching uniquely effective, in Mike’s view, is its mix of passive immersion and active attention. Unlike a casual walk, it requires observation, identification, and subtle reasoning. 4 For Mike, each morning spent among the reeds (芦苇) is more than a pastime. 5 Here, he finds a conversation with the wild, and a proven support for mental well-being. With each new sighting, he doesn’t just add to his life list — he returns to his daily life a little lighter, a little clearer, reminded that sometimes, the best therapy comes on wings. A．It is a practice in mindfulness. B．This is just a pastime bringing him in the wild. C．The diversity of life in these habitats refreshes his mind. D．Birdwatching often causes Mike to be tense but fulfilled. E．Beyond this sense of connection lies a deeper psychological reward. F．Recently, science has begun to explain what Mike has felt for years. G．These actions keep him in the present, turning a hobby into deep focus. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了观鸟这项爱好对人的心理益处。 1．上文“Mike, a devoted birdwatcher, begins the morning not with an alarm, but with the first chorus of dawn. His retreat is the quiet edge of the wetland, and his tool is an old telescope.(迈克是一位忠实的观鸟者，他的早晨不是被闹钟叫醒，而是被黎明的第一声鸟鸣合唱唤醒。他的休憩之地是湿地安静的边缘，他的工具是一架旧望远镜。)”描述了迈克观鸟的日常。下文“A study confirms that birdwatching can boost happiness, reduce stress, and deepen one’s bond with nature more effectively than a simple walk in the park.(一项研究证实，观鸟比单纯在公园散步更能提升幸福感、减轻压力，并加深人与大自然的联系。)”用科学研究佐证观鸟的益处。选项F“最近，科学开始解释迈克多年来的感受。”承上启下，衔接迈克的个人体验与下文的科学研究。故选F。 2．上文“Mike doesn’t just observe nature; he feels part of it.(迈克不只是观察自然，他感觉自己是自然的一部分。)”体现迈克与自然的联结。下文“Researchers suggest that biodiversity itself functions as a kind of medicine, easing tension and inviting calm through its subtle complexity.(研究人员认为，生物多样性本身就像一种药物，通过其微妙的复杂性缓解紧张，带来平静。)”强调生物多样性的作用。选项C“这些栖息地中生命的多样性让他精神焕发。”承接上文的自然联结，引出下文生物多样性的益处。故选C。 3．下文“When Mike is tracking a bird’s slow hunt or identifying a bird by its melody, he enters a state known as ‘flow’. Time slips away, replaced by focused curiosity and quiet engagement. This absorption emerges naturally, leaving him afterward with a gentle wave of satisfaction — a mental clarity that stays long after he lowers his telescope.(当迈克追踪一只鸟缓慢的捕猎过程，或通过旋律识别鸟类时，他会进入一种被称为‘心流’的状态。时间悄然流逝，取而代之的是专注的好奇心和安静的投入。这种专注自然而然地产生，之后会给他带来一阵淡淡的满足感——一种在他放下望远镜后仍能长久保持的清晰思维。)”描述了观鸟带来的心理层面的收获。选项E“除了这种联结感之外，还有更深层次的心理回报。”总领本段，引出下文观鸟带来的心理益处，符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“Unlike a casual walk, it requires observation, identification, and subtle reasoning.(与随意散步不同，它需要观察、识别和细致的推理。)”说明观鸟需要主动投入。选项G“这些行为让他专注于当下，将一种爱好转化为深度的专注。”承接上文的具体行为，说明这些行为带来的效果。故选G。 5．上文“For Mike, each morning spent among the reeds is more than a pastime.(对迈克来说，在芦苇丛中度过的每个早晨都不仅仅是一种消遣。)”强调观鸟的深层意义。下文“Here, he finds a conversation with the wild, and a proven support for mental well-being.(在这里，他找到了与自然的对话，也找到了一种被证实的心理健康支持。)”进一步说明观鸟的价值。选项A“这是一种正念练习。”概括观鸟的本质，衔接上文“不仅仅是消遣”，引出下文对心理健康的支持。故选A。 Passage 5 How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A．There are things you can prepare for your phone. B．Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C．In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D．These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E．Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F．If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G．They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍灾难生存方法：提前准备应急物品，灾难中保持冷静、正确求救，灾后不贸然返回危险建筑。做好准备、保持冷静、遵守规则，就能保护自己并减少灾害损失。 1．根据上文“Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules.(灾难随时都可能降临。如果你掌握了正确的生存技能并且保持冷静，就能在生死之间产生重大影响。生存需要冷静、敏捷的思维、周全的准备以及遵循基本的安全规则)”可知，前一句提到生存需要冷静、快速反应、准备、遵守规则。D选项“这些能极大帮你平安度过灾难”承接上文总结作用，符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger.(然后，准备一个应急包，里面应包含诸如瓶装水、罐装食品、带有备用电池的手电筒、基本的急救包、用于呼救的哨子以及手机充电器等必需物品)”可知，前一句讲准备急救箱里的物品。E选项“放在易取处，每6个月更新” 是对急救箱的补充说明，符合语境，故选E。 3．根据后文“Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired.(在灾难中，恐惧是你的最大敌人。它会让你失去判断力，做出危险的行为。如果你被困住，应使用哨子或手电筒发出求救信号，而不要大声呼喊，因为那样只会浪费你的体力，让你更加疲惫)”可知，本段核心是恐惧是最大敌人，要冷静、不浪费体力。C选项“灾难中保持冷静最重要”作为段落主题句，符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away.(灾难结束，一切似乎都恢复平静之后，不要急于立刻返回那些受损的建筑物那里)”可知，前一句提到不要立刻回到受损建筑。G选项“它们可能突然倒塌或有隐患，造成更多事故”解释为什么不能回去，符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.(做好充分准备并清楚该怎么做，就能保护好自己以及所爱的人)”可知，前一句提到你可以保护自己和家人。B选项“此外，你还能帮助减少灾难带来的伤害” 承接并升华意义，符合语境，故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期末复习之七选五15篇 （期末热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练：主要分为以下三个热点话题 1. 人与自我 2. 人与社会 3. 人与自然 每个话题对应五篇专项练习 人与自我 Passage 1 Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers. 1 But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees. This has led to inflation (通货膨胀) in both. Degree inflation means employers require a bachelor’s degree or more for work that really doesn’t need it. Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields. 2 An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing. The gaps between grades and test scores are immense and consistent. Students’ actual mastery of the material declines despite their more credits and higher grades in math. 3 To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents. In a 2023 survey, educators said roughly half of students requested higher grades than they had earned and that 8 out of 10 teachers gave in, for a third of students and parents bother them when they don’t. Inflated grades damage the college admission process. While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. 4 Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses. We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? 5 A．Grade inflation results from multiple factors. B．Its core mission is globally recognized by educators. C．Standardized tests reflect real academic performance effectively. D．Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period. E．After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners. F．A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence. G．Many teachers are tired of parents’ endless requests for higher grades. Passage 2 From long drives to delayed flights and crowded commutes, more Americans are now reaching for headphones over hardcovers. Since 2016, the percentage of Americans who listen to audiobooks daily has risen from 3% to 8% — a 167% increase. 1 Traditionalists insist that reading requires eyes on a page. More than 40% of people believe listening to an audiobook doesn’t truly count as reading. 2 Surely reading is about enjoying the art of storytelling, and audio books allow that. Some experts agree, while others argue that the distinction is not so simple. The brain area experts call the “letter box”, which processes print, is not as engaged when you listen. But when some people listen to words, they visualize them, so the “letter box” gets activated. Listening can activate the brain’s main language comprehension systems. 3 Yet experts caution that calling the two experiences identical would be an oversimplification. 4 Audiobooks, on the other hand, rely on hearing processing systems. Unfortunately, that nuance (细微差别) is often lost in debates. Reading print allows a person to control pace, reread passages and even remember where information appeared on a page. Audiobooks connect us to our past traditions of hearing a voice tell a story. Experts agree that the debate should therefore shift away from whether audiobooks “count” as reading and toward what listeners want to gain from the experience. A mother like Kate paced her house at 2 am and tried to get her baby to sleep. Audiobooks helped her keep her sanity (头脑清醒). 5 And it is one she is not embarrassed about. “I’m proud of my audiobook listens,” she said. A．Similarly, reading also does this. B．Reading print engages visual networks. C．Audiobooks still require attention and focus. D．So pressing play remains the practical choice. E．Yet listening lacks the deep engagement of reading. F．So there’s a debate over whether audiobooks count as reading. G．Others, however, argue that audiobooks “don’t count” feels improper. Passage 3 Art class in high school often gets written off as a fun break, not serious like math or science. Nevertheless, anyone who’s lost himself in painting or designing a poster knows better: art is anything but a time-killer. 1 Art trains you to notice everything. When you’re drawing a park bench, you don’t just draw wood. 2 That careful observation stays with you. Later, when you analyze a poem or spot lab details, you use that same artist’s eye — the ability to see what others miss. Art teaches you to adapt to the unexpected. Imagine you start a watercolor painting of a bright sunset, but suddenly the colors spread into a soft gray sky. Instead of seeing this as a failure, you learn to work with it. Often, that so-called “failure” becomes the most interesting part of your artwork. 3 You learn to adapt rather than give up easily. Art enables you to work with people in practical ways. Have you ever done wall painting with your classmates? You can’t paint whatever you want. 4 Similarly, playing in the school band, you can’t turn up your violin too loud. You have to fit in with the other instruments. That’s real-world teamwork, a lesson no worksheet can truly teach. 5 However, art isn’t getting in the way of learning. It’s the kind of learning that lasts, teaching you to observe, adapt, and work with others — skills that truly matter long after school. A．Some may argue, “No time for art — focus on tests!” B．You take a close look at sunlight on its edges, or small marks left by rain. C．You listen to others’ ideas and work out a common view. D．This is exactly the skill that helps when a test doesn’t go as planned. E．These small details make your drawing look more realistic. F．It shapes how you see the world and who you are. G．It makes you more creative in the watercolor painting. Passage 4 Witnessing someone choking is very terrifying, but knowing the Heimlich maneuver can save lives. Choking usually occurs when food gets stuck, blocking breathing. 1 However, here are some steps to perform this life-saving first aid. 2 If the person can still speak or breathe a little, it means the airway is not fully blocked. In this case, let them cough to remove the object. But if they can’t speak or breathe at all, their lips or fingernails may turn blue — this means the airway is completely blocked. After figuring out the situation, ask the person, “Are you choking?” If they can answer you, do not try to hit them on the back hard, comfort them and encourage coughing. 3 Keep watching them in case the situation gets worse. If the person is severely choking, call emergency service at once. Don’t waste time waiting for help to arrive; you need to stay calm and act fast to start first aid. Keeping a clear and calm mind will help you do the right thing to help them breathe again. 4 The Heimlich maneuver is only for adults and children over 1 year old. Stand behind the victim, wrap your arms around their waist, and lean them forward. Make a fist with one hand and place it above their stomach, then hold the fist firmly with your other hand. 5 Push again and again until the object is forced out. In short, knowing how to do the Heimlich maneuver properly can make a real difference in saving a life. A．First, check if the person is really choking. B．This helps avoid pushing the object deeper. C．Every second counts in such an emergency. D．Choking often happens during family meals. E．Many people don’t know how to deal with it. F．Children under 1 should never try this method. G．Push inward and upward quickly in one motion. Passage 5 How to Avoid Weight Gain over the Holidays Holidays can be stressful and challenging when you’re trying to maintain a healthy weight. Many people assume that seasonal weight gain is unavoidable, but this is not the case. 1 Here are practical tips that will help you navigate holiday parties and stay on track with your healthy goals while enjoying holiday fun. First, never arrive at a holiday party with an empty stomach. Skipping meals to “reserve calories” is a misleading strategy — it often leads to overconsumption of unhealthy, high-calorie snacks at the event. 2 Eating three balanced, nutritious meals before the party will keep you feeling full and satisfied, so you won’t be tempted to binge on cookies or chips. When filling your plate at the party, pay close attention to food proportions. Your plate should be mostly filled with healthy foods. 3 Consuming these healthy foods first will reduce your desire for junk food later. 4 You don’t have to cut out desserts entirely; simply choose lighter alternatives such as angel food cake and sip water between bites to feel full more quickly. A small slice of cake or a tiny taste of a cookie is enough to satisfy your sweet cravings without adding too many calories. Don’t overlook liquid calories, which accumulate rapidly. Alcohol, eggnog and sweetened hot chocolate are all high in calories. 5 Besides, choose low-calorie drinks like coffee, tea or sparkling water instead of sugary or creamy beverages (饮料) whenever possible. Finally, prioritize social interaction over food and drinks. Holiday parties are meant for connecting with friends and family. Joining a game or keeping a conversation going will distract you from overindulging in food and drinks. A．Be cautious and make wise choices at the holiday dessert table. B．Cutting back on sugary drinks is an effective way to reduce liquid calories. C．Instead, stick to your regular healthy eating routine before attending the party. D．Try to eat desserts immediately upon arrival so you won’t constantly think about them. E．Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, a quarter with carbs and the rest with protein. F．Limit alcohol intake to 1-2 servings and choose lighter options such as wine or light beer. G．With a little self-control and wise decisions, you can enjoy the season without gaining extra pounds. 人与社会 Passage 1 Among all human facial expressions, none is more universally recognized than the smile. It serves as an instinctive signal of friendliness and puts those around us at ease. That’s why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. 1 . Consider what happened in a doctor’s waiting room. Patients sat in tense silence, frustrated over the long delay. A young woman entered with her nine-month-old baby and sat next to an impatient gentleman. The baby looked up at him and smiled. 2 . Soon he started a conversation with her about her baby and his grandchildren. Then the whole room joined in, and the tension turned into a pleasant experience. 3 . Telephone companies have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. They suggest smiling when talking. Remarkably, that smile comes through in their voice, making them sound more welcoming. You don’t feel like smiling? Well, force yourself to smile. If you are alone, force yourself to whistle or hum a tune or sing. 4 and that will tend to make you happy. Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill. 5 . To someone who has seen nothing but frowns all day, your smile is like sunlight breaking through clouds. For those under pressure, a single smile can remind them that hope remains. A．Act as if you were already happy B．It has the power to brighten even the darkest of days C．So, naturally, we find ourselves drawn to them in return D．The effect of a smile is powerful, even when it is unseen E．He smiled back at the baby, and something in him softened F．The ability to smile naturally develops the more you practice it G．We should offer others a genuine smile that comes from within Passage 2 The belief in talking to plants has existed for centuries. Ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks and local cultures, believed plants responded to energy, emotion, and sound. In the 1840s, German professor Gustav Fechner suggested plants might have feelings. 1 Technically, plants don't have ears or a nervous system, so they don't “hear” in the traditional sense. However, studies have shown plants can detect vibrations (振动) in their environment -including sound waves produced by human speech or music. 2 For instance, South Korean researchers found certain plant genes (基因) responded positively to classical music and human voice frequencies. Some studies suggest that plants respond more favorably to female voices than male voices due to differences in pitch (音高) and frequency. Music types like classical or jazz have shown positive results, while loud rock music may stress plants. Ultimately, regularity and loudness may influence the result. 3 4 However, that doesn't mean your words are wasted. The gentle vibrations from your voice, along with the regular care that comes from daily contact, could still create a more supportive environment for your plants. So while there is no direct scientific evidence, your green friends just might benefit from the attention. Talking to plants may not be magic, but it does encourage a deeper connection with nature, mindful gardening, and perhaps even a little extra vibrational help. 5 That way, your plant may thank you in its own green way. So go ahead — speak softly some words of encouragement to your favorite leafy green plant. A．Genes play an important role in plants' growth. B．You might rely on science or just care for plants well. C．Nobody has observed plants react to external factors. D．They can detect and respond to sounds like speech or music. E．We haven’t proven talking to plants directly speeds growth. F．Gentle and calm sounds seem to create vibrations that are more beneficial to plants. G．That laid the basis for the idea of a psychological connection between humans and nature. Passage 3 Around the world, an increasing number of westerners are embracing the idea of “becoming Chinese” — an Internet meme created by an online influencer. 1 “Becoming Chinese” is catching on for some practical reasons. 2 Many owners often pair Electric vehicles (EVs) with Chinese smartphones and apps to manage everything from payments to health tracking — not out of brand loyalty, but for their performance, convenient integration and responsive service. “Becoming Chinese” also means embracing Chinese philosophy of life: practical yet poetic, smart yet kind. Many foreigners begin adopting and incorporating small Chinese habits in their daily routines: doing a few minutes of Ba Duan Jin in the morning, sipping warm water or goji berry tea during the day, and wearing slippers at home instead of going barefoot. 3 4 Open-source AI models like DeepSeek, developed in China, are used daily by people around the world — for real-time translation, personalized health tips, and even co-creating stories with fans. Webnovel, a Chinese fiction app, boasts over 30 million readers outside China. With AI-powered real-time translation breaking down language barriers, global audiences can engage directly with Chinese stories and discover shared values. From visiting China to buying Chinese goods and now to “being Chinese”, each step deepens the connection between China and the world. In a sense, the Chinese way of life has become a new kind of global public good. Some call it “Chinamaxxing”, the Chinese style meets a global taste for sustainability, balance, harmony and co-creation. 5 A．And in that meeting, mutual inspiration emerges. B．Digital tools are fueling the “being Chinese” trend, too. C．Responses to these practices have been largely positive. D．Soft power becomes persuasive only when it is grounded in tangible products. E．Of course, they are not “becoming Chinese” by birth or passport, but in practice. F．Over the past decade, “Made in China” has gained an increasing global market share. G．These stem from a long-standing Chinese philosophy: live in tune with nature and stay healthy before problems arise. Passage 4 Reusable water bottles were always popular with outdoor enthusiasts who took them on hikes and with environmentalists who opposed single-use water bottles. 1 Water bottles have come out of the back of the store and onto the front shelves as their popularity soared. That’s because consumers, especially Gen Zers began to view reusables as more than just functional water containers but as charming fashion accessories (配饰). 2 It came from social media. The water bottles are connected to young people’s outfit and lifestyle. Gen Zers are also decorating their bottles with stickers, key chains, and are purchasing accessories like backpacks for their bottles. 3 Stanley, which was really in three years ago and then out, just released a collection with pop stars and sports figures. But if you want to be eco-friendly, having multiple reusable bottles defeats the purpose. Specifically, a reusable bottle needs to be used around 500 times to cancel out its environmental cost. So many young consumers may not fully understand the impact of buying multiple bottles. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that there are definitely plenty of good reasons to own a reusable water bottle. Not only is staying hydrated (补水) a fundamental key to your health but also having a water bottle with you reminds you to drink. 4 Aside from that, switching to a reusable bottle rather than disposable bottled water will help reduce your carbon footprint and will keep plastic out of landfills and oceans. Promoting healthy self-care habits is a big part of Gen Z values. 5 So, before you head to your nearest Target or Walmart, think about whether you really need a new one. Is having the newest color or design really necessary? A．But how did this turn to so-called Water Bottle Culture? B．After all, hydration goes a long way for focus and energy. C．Water bottle culture may be cute, but core values matter most. D．What role does social media play in promoting reusable products? E．Despite a common sight, they are not typical simple reusable bottles. F．Environmentalists are warning against this trend of over-consumption. G．The manufacturers are following their lead by making various bottles. Passage 5 When was the last time you told a small lie? Maybe you said a cheap shirt cost even less than it did, or you made an expensive meal sound more costly, just to shock people. 1 However, what cannot be ignored is that they can add up. Too many harmless lies can cause disbelief and weaken trust. Relationship expert Jessica Alderson explains that lying is often a survival mechanism. People lie to protect their reputation, keep social bonds, or encourage others, especially children. However, even a small lie can destroy trust and damage our integrity. 2 Prosocial (亲社会的) lies aim to protect someone’s feelings — for example, telling a friend their haircut looks nice when you know they are insecure about it. These can be acceptable in certain situations. Self-serving lies, however, are told for personal gain, often at the expense of others. Communication expert Christopher Richards believes all lies should be avoided. 3 When people frequently exaggerate (夸张), others may begin to doubt their credibility. Telling lies also affects our bodies. 4 Our brains work harder to keep the story straight, which can disturb sleep, lead to anxiety, and harm decision-making. Over time, this extra stress can harm our health. 5 Practice telling the truth in certain situations, like admitting what something really cost. If you feel the urge to lie, ask yourself what you are afraid of. Understanding the root cause makes it easier to choose honesty. While the truth may hurt momentarily, it spares us from the ongoing stress of keeping lies alive. A．Lies fall into two types. B．These little lies may seem harmless. C．To become more honest, experts suggest starting small. D．Even well-intentioned lies can lead to doubt when overused. E．The more you lie, the easier it becomes to lose sight of true love. F．White lies may be harmful, but they are told out of people’s kindness. G．Research shows that lying demands much more energy than truth-telling. 人与自然 Passage 1 Imagine this: A big earthquake is about to hit. The ground is still and the sky is clear. Humans go about their day, unaware of what’s coming. But the animals? They know. Dogs start barking uncontrollably and birds fly away in a confused mess. Even fish act strangely, swimming quickly in wild patterns. Hours later — disaster hits. 1 Months before a 7.3 magnitude (震级) earthquake hit Haicheng, China, in 1975, villagers reported snakes waking up and coming out in the dead of winter and dogs acting in an unusual way. 2 This decision saved thousands of lives. Similarly, before the disastrous Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, elephants were observed running inland and birds deserting their low-lying nesting areas. Many wild animals seemed to escape to safety. 3 The answer lies in their ability to pick up signals we don’t notice. Many animals have heightened sensitivity to vibrations (震动) in the ground. Elephants, for example, can sense earthquake waves through their feet. Changes in air pressure and electrostatic fields (静电场) provide other warning signals. Birds and insects are highly sensitive to air pressure, which often changes before hurricanes and tsunamis. 4 Dogs, known for their powerful noses, might pick up these slight chemical changes before humans. Do humans still have this instinct (本能)? Before modern technology, humans depended on natural instincts to survive. Have you ever had a strong feeling that something bad was about to happen? Have you ever changed plans at the last minute, only to realize you avoided an accident? 5 But we ignore them and trust our reasoning. Animals don’t second-guess themselves — they just react. A．How do animals know? B．What signals do animals sense? C．Modern technology has made us forget these skills. D．Some scientists believe we still have potential survival instincts. E．Earthquakes sometimes send out gases from underground faults. F．The government took the warnings seriously and told people to leave. G．Real-world cases prove that animals can sense disasters before they hit. Passage 2 Animals have always had to adapt. 1 The rate of species loss is growing, and it’s estimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate. The World Wide Fund for Nature revealed a 73% decline in the average size of the wildlife populations monitored between 1970 and 2020. Currently, around a third of amphibian (两栖的) species are at risk of extinction. Mass extinction events can also cause animals to evolve as the territories they live in change so quickly. Animals must adapt to survive in new environments where previous wildlife has been eliminated. 2 Our ancestors evolved three times faster in the 10 million years following the giant species’ extinction compared to the previous 80 million years. 3 After all, those adapting well are far more likely to survive. Many animals use hairless parts of their body to help regulate their body temperature. In the case of wood mice,their tails are becoming longer. Similarly, the ears of elephants are growing. This comes down to simple physical principles: animals can cool off more quickly through larger surface areas. At the same time, animals are becoming smaller, which again helps them to lose heat more quickly because of the greater surface areas to volume. Animals are also becoming lighter in colour. 4 Surely, it’s a good thing that animals are adapting? Well, yes and no. Adaptation to meet one challenge can create new challenges. Birds with larger beaks (喙), for example, may find it more difficult to feed. 5 The current situation has scientists concerned about the rate at which this “shapeshifting" is happening. A．This may lead to unnecessary food waste. B．Those without this ability have simply been extinct. C．The realistic question is how far an animal can adapt. D．Global warming destroys the homes of many animals. E．Animals change body structures due to climate change. F．For instance, evolution exploded after dinosaurs died out. G．That keeps them cooler and better hidden in sunny places. Passage 3 Just like humans, animals also grow wiser as they age. The bigmouth buffalo fish can reach 127 years old, the Greenland shark 392 years old, and some sponges can live for 10,000 years or more. 1 As animals get older, they behave differently depending on their life experiences, gain richer knowledge of their environment, and often pass it on to younger members of their group. 2 Few make it to old age, and the ones that do are vulnerable to being hunted or harvested by humans, because they are the biggest or have, for example, the largest antlers, horns, or tusks. Eliminating the largest and most experienced animals can have significant consequences for group culture and social structures, researchers warn. They are arguing for a new approach called “longevity conservation.” 3 Older mammals may produce fewer offspring themselves, but they help look after young. 4 The theory was first studied in humans, and has also been explored in species like elephants and orcas. The lead researcher, Keller Kopf, an ecologist at Charles Darwin University in Australia found that the more he examined different groups of animals, the more he stumbled on remarkable instances demonstrating the value of older creatures. Primates, whales, elephants, and pack-hunting animals all have old individuals who carry vital cultural knowledge and maintain social structures. 5 They are also more familiar with dangers, like listening for lions. The loss of old individuals can be a driving factor for many species threatened with extinction. Kopf and his co-authors call for “longevity conservation.” A．However, old animals are in decline. B．As a matter of fact, age is not just a number. C．It demands that we prioritize life experience over genetic diversity. D．For instance, older female elephants remember friends and enemies. E．It needs the “living libraries” of inherited wisdom critical for survival. F．This is known as the “grandmother hypothesis” for healthy populations. G．Their enduring lives reveal nature’s hidden lessons in patience and adaptation. Passage 4 Mike, a devoted birdwatcher, begins the morning not with an alarm, but with the first chorus of dawn. His retreat is the quiet edge of the wetland, and his tool is an old telescope. 1 A study confirms that birdwatching can boost happiness, reduce stress, and deepen one’s bond with nature more effectively than a simple walk in the park. This experience reflects the deeply rooted human connection to the natural world. Mike doesn’t just observe nature; he feels part of it. 2 Researchers suggest that biodiversity itself functions as a kind of medicine, easing tension and inviting calm through its subtle complexity. 3 When Mike is tracking a bird’s slow hunt or identifying a bird by its melody, he enters a state known as “flow”. Time slips away, replaced by focused curiosity and quiet engagement. This absorption emerges naturally, leaving him afterward with a gentle wave of satisfaction — a mental clarity that stays long after he lowers his telescope. What makes birdwatching uniquely effective, in Mike’s view, is its mix of passive immersion and active attention. Unlike a casual walk, it requires observation, identification, and subtle reasoning. 4 For Mike, each morning spent among the reeds (芦苇) is more than a pastime. 5 Here, he finds a conversation with the wild, and a proven support for mental well-being. With each new sighting, he doesn’t just add to his life list — he returns to his daily life a little lighter, a little clearer, reminded that sometimes, the best therapy comes on wings. A．It is a practice in mindfulness. B．This is just a pastime bringing him in the wild. C．The diversity of life in these habitats refreshes his mind. D．Birdwatching often causes Mike to be tense but fulfilled. E．Beyond this sense of connection lies a deeper psychological reward. F．Recently, science has begun to explain what Mike has felt for years. G．These actions keep him in the present, turning a hobby into deep focus. Passage 5 How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A．There are things you can prepare for your phone. B．Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C．In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D．These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E．Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F．If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G．They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $