内容正文:
现在完成时重难点复习
现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have/ has +动词的过去分词构成。
1.肯定句形式为“主语+have/ has+动词的过去分词+其他”。例如:
He has already sent out the email.他已经把电子邮件发出去了。
2.否定句形式为“主语+have / has +not+动词的过去分词+其他”。例如:
We have not finished the project yet. 我们还没有完成这个项目。
3.一般疑问句形式为“Have/ Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?”,其肯定回答为“Yes,主语+have/ has.”,否定回答为“No,主语+haven't/ hasn't.”。例如:
— Have you ever climbed the Great Wall? 你爬过长城吗?
— Yes,I have.是的,我爬过。/ No,I haven't.不,我没爬过。
现在完成时的用法
1.表示从过去开始一直持续到现在、并且也许还会继续下去的动作或状态,常和 so far since then、over the years、 in the past two years for three years、since 从句等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如:
Mr Green has lived in the town for over tenyears.
格林先生在这个镇上住了十多年了。
Great changes have taken place here in the pasttwenty years.
在过去的二十年里,这里发生了巨大的变化。
Mike has learned a lot about traditional Chinese medicine since he came to China.
自从来到中国,迈克对中国传统医学有了很多了解。
2.表示已经完成但对现在有一定影响的动作,常和 already 、 yet 、 just 、 before、 recently 等词连用。其中 already 一般用于肯定句,yet多用于否定句或疑问句。也可以和 never、 once、 twice 、 three times、many times等频度副词或短语一起表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。例如:
He has already told me the truth.他已经告诉我真相了。
Taylor hasn't visited Beijing yet.泰勒还没有去过北京。
He has never received such a meaningful gift. 他从未收到过如此有意义的礼物。
I have seen the film Kung Fu Panda many times.我看过电影《功夫熊猫》很多次了。
have/ has been to 与 have/ has gone to
1. have / has been to 表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来。例如:
They have been to Sanya many times.他们去过三亚很多次了。
2. have / has gone to 表示某人已经去了某地,但还没回来。例如:
Lucy has gone to the library to return books. Shewill be back in two hours.
露西去图书馆还书了。她两小时后回来。
注意:当 have/ has been to 和 have/ has gone to后接地点副词(如 here、 there、 home、 abroad 等)时,需省略介词 to。例如:
The man has been abroad five times so fan?这位男士迄今为止出过五次国。
和 for 或 since 连用的动词
在含有现在完成时的句子中,如果出现“for+一段时间”、“since +过去某个时间点”或“since +从句”等,其谓语动词要用延续性动词。如果是短暂性动词,需要转化为相应的延续性动词或其他表达方式。
1.需转化为其他动词,如 borrow→keep、become→be buy→have等。例如:
I have bought this car for five years.(×)
I have had this car for five years.(✔)
2.需转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词短语等”,如 die→be dead、begIn/start→be on 、 finish / stop →be over、 come to/ go to/ arrive at/ arrive in→be in/ at、leave→be away from、return→be back 、marry→be married、 close/ open→be closed / open、join → be in / be a member of等。例如:
She has left her hometown for a long time.(×)
She has been away from her hometown for a long time.(✔)
注意:在使用现在完成时的否定句中,短暂性动词可以与“for+一段时间”或“since +过去某个时间点”一起使用。例如:
She hasn't left her hometown since 2020. 自2020年以来她没有离开家乡。
【练习】一、根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
1. 据我所知,史密斯一家已经去纽约了。
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2. 我妹妹从未同外国人说过话。
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3. 你曾听说过那位意大利钢琴家吗?
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4. 怀特夫妇在这家医院当医生已经五年了。
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5. 这位作家自成名以来已经写了一些畅销书。
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二、根据要求完成句子。每空一词。
1. The old couple got married thirty years ago. (改为同义句)
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2. Ian has learned tea art performances for a year.(改为同义句)
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3. We have been to the amusement park during the summer holiday.(对画线部分提问)
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4. It has been half a year since we came to Xi’ an.(改为同义句)
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5. She has taught in a junior high school for five years.(对画线部分提问)
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一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
★一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态,说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或存在的状态,通常与现在无关。它通常与 yesterday、 the other day、 just now、 several days ago、 last week/ month / year、 in 1985、 when I was achild 等表示过去的时间状语或从句连用。
Mary visited the Palace Museum last summer.玛丽去年夏天参观了故宫博物院。(重点在于陈述玛丽参观故宫博物院这一过去发生的事情。)
★现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生(不一定结束)或完成的动作或状态,强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。例如:
Mary has visited the Palace Museum many times.玛丽参观过故宫博物院很多次了。(言下之意:玛丽现在对故宫博物院比较熟悉。)
【练习】三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I (know) Lucy for ten years.We became friends in primary school.
2. Don’ t walk on the grass! It (rain) just now and the ground is wet.
3. We (live) in this town since20we (come) here in 2019.
4.— Where is Tom?
— He already (go) to the supermarket. He (leave) 10 minutes ago.
5. The little dog (die) two years ago. We (miss) it since then.
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