Unit 7 A Good Read 重点语法：现在完成时精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时，以“结构-用法-标志词”三维体系精讲，40道题分层覆盖核心考点与易错点，实现语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法知识精讲|1表格（含4项核心内容+例句）|系统归纳基本结构（have/has+过去分词）、2大核心用法（影响/持续）及标志词|从概念定义到用法原理，构建“形式-意义-语境”逻辑链条| |语法知识精练|40题（含延续性动词、have been to/gone to等易错点）|通过语境辨析时态应用，强化标志词提示作用|覆盖中考高频考点，由基础应用到复杂语境迁移，培养分析判断能力|

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 7 A Good Read 重点语法：现在完成时精讲精练 语法知识精讲 项目 说明 例句 基本结构 have/has+过去分词 I have read this book.（我已经读过这本书了） 核心用法 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果 I have lost my key.（我钥匙丢了→现在进不去门） 核心用法 2 表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态 She has lived here for 5 years.（她住这儿5年了） 常配标志词 already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for Have you ever read Harry Potter? 语法知识精练 1．—________ you developed any good habits since you entered Grade 8? —Yes, I have. I read every night now. A．Have B．Do C．Did D．Will 2．—How many good habits ________ you developed since last year? —Four. They help me grow better. A．do B．did C．have D．will 3．His way of growing up ________ a lot. He used to be lazy, but now he is hard-working. A．change B．changes C．changed D．has changed 4．—Do you want to go to the city library with me this weekend? —I’d love to. I ________ some books there before and I need to return them. A．borrowed B．borrow C．have borrowed D．haven’t borrowed 5．Great changes ________ in my hometown since the high-speed railway was built in 2020. A．have taken place B．took place C．take place D．will take place 6．—Will you go to the Xijin Ferry with us next Sunday? —I’d love to, but I ________ there twice. A．have gone B．have been to C．has gone to D．have been 7．My little sister enjoys reading very much. She ________ this picture book for three hours. A．has bought B．has had C．borrowed D．has borrowed 8．In the last few years, we ________ much progress in the areas of technology and innovation. A．make B．made C．have made D．will make 9．The factory in the center of this city ________ since February of 1995. A．was open B．has opened C．has been open D．opened 10．Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _________ in Jiujiang for five years. A．was teaching B．taught C．will teach D．has taught 11．Scientists ________ many ways to deal with plastic pollution so far. A．find B．found C．have found D．will find 12．—Haven’t you heard from Andy this month? —________. I am waiting for his email. A．Yes, not yet B．Yes, I have C．No, not yet D．No, I have 13．Our teacher ________ us to explore the mystery of natural wonders since we entered Grade 8. A．guide B．guides C．guided D．has guided 14．—Have you ________ the habit of recording natural wonders? —Yes, I have. It helps me remember them. A．develop B．developed C．developing D．develops 15．More and more foreigners ________ Chinese table manners and can behave well at dinner parties. A．get used to B．was used for C．used to D．have got used to 16．—I haven’t seen the couple at home today. —They ________ Xizàng. A．have been in B．have been to C．have gone to D．have gone 17．—Tony, where is Timmy? I haven’t seen him for days. —Oh, he ________ from Nanjing for a week. A．has been left B．has left C．has gone D．has been away 18．—I haven’t seen your sister for a long time. Where is she? —She ________ to Shanghai. She ________ there for two months. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 19．Everyone is here ________ Tom and Lily. They ________ Shanghai. A．besides have been to B．besides; have gone to C．except; have been to D．except; have gone to 20．—________ the living room? I think I left my watch there last night. —Yes. But I ________ your watch. A．Have you cleaned; won’t see B．Have you cleaned; didn’t see C．Are you cleaning; won’t see D．Are you cleaning; didn’t see 21．I ________ China continuously for three months, and interestingly, this is the first time that I have ever tried on traditional Hanfu clothing in my entire life. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 22．I ________ my homework already, so I ________ help my mother with housework now. A．finished; have to B．finished; can C．have finished; had to D．have finished; can 23．She _______ the problem with her friends for an hour, but they still ______ a good way to solve it. A．has discussed; didn’t find B．discussed; haven’t found C．has discussed; haven’t found D．discussed; didn’t find 24．My uncle ________ the Red Cross for ten years. He has helped many people. A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was in 25．—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he? —He ________ abroad to study. He will come back next month. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．goes 26．AI has had a great influence on learning methods since it ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．is introduced D．was introduced 27．—Have you ________ the Great Wall yet? —No, but my sister ________ there twice. A．been to; has been B．been to; goes C．gone to; went D．gone to; has been 28．I ________ this book for three weeks. I must return it to the library tomorrow. A．have borrowed B．borrowed C．have kept D．kept 29．—How long ________ the charity work ________? —For three years. A．has; started B．did; start C．has; been on D．was; on 30．Mike’s father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A．went; has gone B．has gone; has been C．has been; has gone D．went; has been 31．A new theme park ________ for two months in the city centre, but we ________ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t been to D．has been opened; haven’t been 32．They ________ for twenty years. They have a good way to get along well with each other. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 33．Not only the students but also their teacher _______ school since half a year ago. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 34．—When did you ________ the new book? —Last week. I ________ it for a week. A．buy; have had B．buy; bought C．have; bought D．have; have had 35．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the basketball match. —It’s too late. It ________ for an hour. And the result was that my favourite team won. A．has finished B．has been over C．has been on D．has begun 36．—He’s seldom been late for school, ________? —________. He is a hard-working student. A．is he; Yes, he is B．isn’t he; No, he isn’t C．has he; No, he hasn’t D．hasn’t he; Yes, he has 37．The factory ________ since 2010. It ________ a lot of pollution to the river in the past few years. A．has opened; has caused B．opened; caused C．has been open; has caused D．opened; has been caused 38．—Where is your sister? —She ________ in her room. She ________ there for an hour. A．reads; has read B．read; read C．is reading; has read D．is reading; has been 39．—Sorry, I’m late. —It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for just several minutes. You don’t miss too much. A．began B．has begun C．has been on D．is beginning 40．—________ did your uncle leave for Beijing? —Let me see. He ________ for nearly 2 months. A．When; has left B．How long; has been away C．How long; has left D．When; has been away 2 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 5 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 7 A Good Read 重点语法：现在完成时精讲精练 语法知识精讲 项目 说明 例句 基本结构 have/has+过去分词 I have read this book.（我已经读过这本书了） 核心用法 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果 I have lost my key.（我钥匙丢了→现在进不去门） 核心用法 2 表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态 She has lived here for 5 years.（她住这儿5年了） 常配标志词 already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for Have you ever read Harry Potter? 语法知识精练 1．—________ you developed any good habits since you entered Grade 8? —Yes, I have. I read every night now. A．Have B．Do C．Did D．Will 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——自从你进入八年级以来，你已经养成了一些好习惯吗？——是的，我养成了。我现在每晚都读书。 根据时间状语“since you entered Grade 8”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，且根据答语“Yes, I have.”也可判断句子是助动词have引导的一般疑问句，句首单词的首字母要大写。 2．—How many good habits ________ you developed since last year? —Four. They help me grow better. A．do B．did C．have D．will 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——自从去年以来你已经养成了多少个好习惯？——四个。它们帮助我更好地成长。 根据时间状语“since last year”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用have。 3．His way of growing up ________ a lot. He used to be lazy, but now he is hard-working. A．change B．changes C．changed D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他的成长方式改变了很多。他过去很懒，但现在很努力。 根据“He used to be lazy, but now he is hard-working.”可知，过去和现在形成对比，强调过去的变化对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，change的过去分词是changed。 4．—Do you want to go to the city library with me this weekend? —I’d love to. I ________ some books there before and I need to return them. A．borrowed B．borrow C．have borrowed D．haven’t borrowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个周末你想和我一起去市图书馆吗？——我很乐意。我以前在那里已经借过一些书，我需要归还它们。 根据时间状语“before”可知动作发生在过去，且由“I need to return them”可知借书对现在造成了影响（需要还书），应用现在完成时，结合语境判断为肯定，填have borrowed。 5．Great changes ________ in my hometown since the high-speed railway was built in 2020. A．have taken place B．took place C．take place D．will take place 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从 2020 年高铁建成以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 根据句中关键词“since”及从句为一般过去时可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。take place意为“发生”，不及物动词短语，无被动语态。B项为一般过去时，C项为一般现在时，D项为一般将来时，均不符合语境。应填have taken place。 6．—Will you go to the Xijin Ferry with us next Sunday? —I’d love to, but I ________ there twice. A．have gone B．have been to C．has gone to D．have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——下周日你和我们一起去西津渡吗？——我很想去，但我已经去过那里两次了。 have gone去了某地；have been to去过某地；has gone to去了某地；have been去过某地。根据“twice”可知，表示去过两次，描述曾经去的经历，需用have been，且后接副词there，不加to。 7．My little sister enjoys reading very much. She ________ this picture book for three hours. A．has bought B．has had C．borrowed D．has borrowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹非常喜欢阅读。她拿这本图画书已经三个小时了。 时间状语“for three hours”表示一段时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词。buy和borrow均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用；have为延续性动词，表示“持有”的状态，符合语境。 8．In the last few years, we ________ much progress in the areas of technology and innovation. A．make B．made C．have made D．will make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我们在技术和创新领域取得了很大进步。 根据时间状语“In the last few years”可知，动作发生在过去并持续到现在或对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，结构是have/has+done。应填have made。 9．The factory in the center of this city ________ since February of 1995. A．was open B．has opened C．has been open D．opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家位于市中心的工厂从1995年2月起就一直营业。 根据题干“since February of 1995”表示时间段，应用延续性状态的现在完成时，open作形容词表营业状态，具备延续性，应填has been open。 10．Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _________ in Jiujiang for five years. A．was teaching B．taught C．will teach D．has taught 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Ben是一名外教。到目前为止，他已经在九江教了五年了。 时间状语“So far”意为“到目前为止”，通常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去持续到现在，现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词，本句主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，后接teach的过去分词taught。应填has taught。 11．Scientists ________ many ways to deal with plastic pollution so far. A．find B．found C．have found D．will find 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了许多处理塑料污染的方法。 根据“so far”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，其结构是“have/has done”，主语“Scientists”是复数形式，所以用have found。 12．—Haven’t you heard from Andy this month? —________. I am waiting for his email. A．Yes, not yet B．Yes, I have C．No, not yet D．No, I have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—这个月你还没有收到安迪的消息吗？—不，还没有。我在等他的邮件。 Yes, not yet：Yes表示肯定，not yet表示还未，二者逻辑矛盾；Yes, I have“是的，我收到了”； No, not yet“不，还没有”；No, I have：No表示否定，have表示肯定，二者逻辑矛盾。 根据后句“I am waiting for his email.”可知事实是尚未收到消息，英语中事实为否定需用No开头，且前后语义需一致。故填No, not yet。 13．Our teacher ________ us to explore the mystery of natural wonders since we entered Grade 8. A．guide B．guides C．guided D．has guided 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从我们进入八年级以来，我们的老师一直引导我们去探索自然奇观的奥秘。 根据时间状语“since we entered Grade 8”可知，主句应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，表示动作从过去持续到现在。应填has guided。 14．—Have you ________ the habit of recording natural wonders? —Yes, I have. It helps me remember them. A．develop B．developed C．developing D．develops 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你已经养成了记录自然奇观的习惯吗？——是的，我养成了。它帮助我记住它们。 根据“Have you ...”可知，句子是现在完成时，空处需用过去分词与Have构成完成时结构，应填developed。 15．More and more foreigners ________ Chinese table manners and can behave well at dinner parties. A．get used to B．was used for C．used to D．have got used to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：越来越多的外国人已经习惯了中国餐桌礼仪，并且在宴会上表现良好。 get used to习惯于，表示习惯的过程；was used for被用作；used to过去常常；have got used to强调已经习惯的结果。主语“foreigners”为复数，排除B；used to后接动词原形，此处是名词短语，排除C；根据后半句“能表现良好”可知习惯的动作已完成并对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时。应填have got used to。 16．—I haven’t seen the couple at home today. —They ________ Xizàng. A．have been in B．have been to C．have gone to D．have gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我今天没在家看到这对夫妇。——他们去了西藏。 根据上文“I haven’t seen the couple at home today”可知，这对夫妇现在不在家，说明他们去了某地且尚未回来。现在完成时中，have gone to表示去了某地（未归）；have been to表示去过某地（已归）；have been in表示待在某地。本题符合have gone to的用法。 17．—Tony, where is Timmy? I haven’t seen him for days. —Oh, he ________ from Nanjing for a week. A．has been left B．has left C．has gone D．has been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——托尼，蒂米在哪里？我好几天没见到他了。——哦，他已经离开南京一周了。 根据“for a week”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，leave和go都是短暂性动词，be away是延续性动词，可以表示离开的状态持续一段时间，因此这里应该用has been away。 18．—I haven’t seen your sister for a long time. Where is she? —She ________ to Shanghai. She ________ there for two months. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我很久没见到你妹妹了。她在哪里？——她去了上海。她已经在那里待两个月了。 have/has gone to表示去了某地（尚未返回）；have/has been to表示去过某地（已返回）；have/has been in + 地点表示待在某地（持续一段时间），此处there为副词，省略in，用have/has been there。根据问句“很久没见到”可知妹妹此刻不在现场，第一空用has gone；第二空后有for two months（时间段），强调持续停留的状态，用has been。应填has gone；has been。 19．Everyone is here ________ Tom and Lily. They ________ Shanghai. A．besides have been to B．besides; have gone to C．except; have been to D．except; have gone to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除了汤姆和莉莉，每个人都在这里。他们去了上海。 except表示“除了……（不包括）”；besides表示“除……之外还有（包括）”；have been to意为“去过某地（已回）”，have gone to意为“去了某地（未回）”。根据上下文他们去了上海可知二人不在这里，属于排除情况，故第一空用except；因他们尚未回来，故第二空用have gone to。 20．—________ the living room? I think I left my watch there last night. —Yes. But I ________ your watch. A．Have you cleaned; won’t see B．Have you cleaned; didn’t see C．Are you cleaning; won’t see D．Are you cleaning; didn’t see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你打扫客厅了吗？我想我昨晚把表落在那里了。——是的。但我没有看见你的表。   第一空询问是否打扫过客厅，强调过去动作对现在的影响（影响是能否找到表），应用现在完成时Have you cleaned；第二空表示“没看见”，是过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时didn’t see。 21．I ________ China continuously for three months, and interestingly, this is the first time that I have ever tried on traditional Hanfu clothing in my entire life. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我在中国连续待了三个月，有趣的是，这是我一生中第一次尝试传统的汉服。 have gone to去了某地；have been to去过某地；have arrived in到达某地，不与时间段连用；have been in在某地待了多长时间。根据“for three months”是一段时间可知，此处指在中国连续待了三个月，用have been in。 22．I ________ my homework already, so I ________ help my mother with housework now. A．finished; have to B．finished; can C．have finished; had to D．have finished; can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我已经完成了我的作业，所以我现在能帮助妈妈做家务了。 第一空，根据关键词“already”可知，此处强调动作已经完成并对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语是 I，应填have finished；第二空，根据关键词“now”可知应用一般现在时，表示作业做完后有能力去帮忙，用can表示“能”。 23．She _______ the problem with her friends for an hour, but they still ______ a good way to solve it. A．has discussed; didn’t find B．discussed; haven’t found C．has discussed; haven’t found D．discussed; didn’t find 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她和她的朋友们讨论这个问题已经一个小时了，但他们仍然没有找到解决它的好方法。 第一空，根据时间状语“for an hour”可知，动作持续了一段时间，且强调动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时has discussed；第二空，still表示“仍然”，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即到现在还没找到，也应用现在完成时haven’t found。 24．My uncle ________ the Red Cross for ten years. He has helped many people. A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我叔叔已经在红十字会工作十年了。他帮助了很多人。 根据时间状语“for ten years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。join是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用；be in是延续性动词，可以与时间段连用，所以填has been in。 25．—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he? —He ________ abroad to study. He will come back next month. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．goes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我好久没见你哥哥了。他在哪里？——他出国留学了。他下个月会回来。 has been去过（现在完成时，表示已经回来）；has gone去了（现在完成时，表示尚未回来）；went去了（动词过去式）；goes去（动词三单形式）。根据“Where is he?”和“He will come back next month.”可知，他目前不在说话现场，而是去了国外尚未回来，强调对现在的影响，应用has gone。 26．AI has had a great influence on learning methods since it ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．is introduced D．was introduced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从人工智能被引入学校以来，它对学习方法产生了很大的影响。 since引导的时间状语从句中，主句为现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时；主语“it”指代AI，与动词introduce之间是被动关系，表示“AI被引入”，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词。应填入was introduced。 27．—Have you ________ the Great Wall yet? —No, but my sister ________ there twice. A．been to; has been B．been to; goes C．gone to; went D．gone to; has been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——没有，但我姐姐已经去过那里两次了。 have been to表示去过某地（已回来）；have gone to表示去了某地（未回来）。第一空有“yet”用于现在完成时疑问句，表示曾经去过，要用been to，gone to侧重人不在此地，不符合语境；第二空“twice”表次数，强调去过两次的经历，句子用现在完成时，用has been。 28．I ________ this book for three weeks. I must return it to the library tomorrow. A．have borrowed B．borrowed C．have kept D．kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我借这本书已经三周了。我明天必须把它还给图书馆。 have borrowed已经借了，短暂性动作，现在完成时；borrowed借了，一般过去时；have kept已经保存，延续性动作，现在完成时；kept保留/持有，一般过去时。根据for three weeks可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。borrow是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，keep是延续性动词，符合语境。 29．—How long ________ the charity work ________? —For three years. A．has; started B．did; start C．has; been on D．was; on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这项慈善工作持续了多久？——三年了。 has; started已经开始（不能与一段时间连用）；did; start一般过去时提问；has; been on已经持续（可与一段时间连用）；was; on一般过去时。根据“For three years.”可知，应使用现在完成时表示持续状态，has been on符合语境。应填has; been on。 30．Mike’s father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A．went; has gone B．has gone; has been C．has been; has gone D．went; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克的父亲上个月去了伦敦。他已经去过那里三次了。 went去 (过去式)；has gone去了未回；has been去了已回。第一空，根据时间状语“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时went；第二空，根据“three times”可知，强调经历，应用现在完成时。have been to意为“去过某地（已回）”，have gone to意为“去了某地（未回）”，根据语境可知,父亲已经回来，且there是副词，前面不加to，故用has been。 31．A new theme park ________ for two months in the city centre, but we ________ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t been to D．has been opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：市中心的一个新主题公园已经开放两个月了，但到目前为止我们还没去过那里。 第一空，根据“for two months”可知，谓语动词需表示延续性状态，open作动词是瞬间动作，不能与时间段连用，需改为系表结构“has been open”表示“处于开放状态”，排除A、D；第二空，there是地点副词，前面不能加介词to，即“haven’t been there”，排除C。B选项正确。 32．They ________ for twenty years. They have a good way to get along well with each other. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们已经结婚二十年了。他们有很好的方式彼此相处融洽。 根据“for twenty years”可知，句子表示状态持续了二十年，应用现在完成时，且动词需为延续性状态。have been married表示“已婚状态”，可与时间段连用。married和got married均为非延续性动词，不能与for twenty years连用；have married强调结婚动作，也不能与时间段连用。应填have been married。 33．Not only the students but also their teacher _______ school since half a year ago. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不仅学生们，而且他们的老师自从半年前就已经离开学校了。 “Not only... but also...”连接主语遵循就近原则，离空格最近的主语“their teacher”是单数，助动词应用has，排除A和C；根据时间状语“since half a year ago”可知，谓语动词需为延续性动词，leave是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，应使用be away from。故填has been away from。 34．—When did you ________ the new book? —Last week. I ________ it for a week. A．buy; have had B．buy; bought C．have; bought D．have; have had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你什么时候买的这本新书？——上周。我拥有它一周了。 第一空根据助动词did可知句子为一般过去时，谓语动词用原形buy；第二空根据时间状语for a week可知句子为现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转换为have，其现在完成时结构为have had。 35．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the basketball match. —It’s too late. It ________ for an hour. And the result was that my favourite team won. A．has finished B．has been over C．has been on D．has begun 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们打开电视看篮球赛吧。——太晚了。比赛已经结束一个小时了。结果是我最喜欢的队赢了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has finished已经结束，短暂性；has been over已经结束，延续性；has been on已经进行；has begun已经开始。根据后文“And the result was...”可知比赛已结束，且“for an hour”表示持续一段时间，需用延续性动词或状态。故选B。 36．—He’s seldom been late for school, ________? —________. He is a hard-working student. A．is he; Yes, he is B．isn’t he; No, he isn’t C．has he; No, he hasn’t D．hasn’t he; Yes, he has 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他上学很少迟到，是吗？——是的，他没迟到。他是一个勤奋的学生。 反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。陈述句中含有否定副词seldom，视为否定句，遵循“前否后肯”原则，且“He’s”为“He has”的缩写，故疑问部分用has he；根据“He is a hard-working student.”可知事实是他没迟到，事实为否定，回答用No, he hasn’t。故选C。 37．The factory ________ since 2010. It ________ a lot of pollution to the river in the past few years. A．has opened; has caused B．opened; caused C．has been open; has caused D．opened; has been caused 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家工厂自2010年以来一直营业。在过去的几年里，它给这条河造成了大量污染。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。第一空时间状语“since 2010”表示“自2010年以来”，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且动词需用延续性形式。“open”作“开业”时为非延续性动词，不能与since连用，需转换为“be open”这一表状态的延续性结构，因此第一空应填has been open。第二空时间状语“in the past few years”也表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，需用现在完成时，主语It是动作cause的发出者，用主动语态has caused。故选C。 38．—Where is your sister? —She ________ in her room. She ________ there for an hour. A．reads; has read B．read; read C．is reading; has read D．is reading; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你姐姐在哪里？——她正在房间里看书。她已经在那里待了一个小时了。 根据“Where is your sister?”可知，询问当前位置，第一空应用现在进行时is reading；根据“for an hour”可知，第二空需用现在完成时，且谓语用持续性动词，has been there表示“待在那里”，符合语境。 39．—Sorry, I’m late. —It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for just several minutes. You don’t miss too much. A．began B．has begun C．has been on D．is beginning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——对不起，我迟到了。——没关系。会议只进行了几分钟。你没有错过太多。 根据“for just several minutes”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，begin是短暂性动词，其延续性动词是be on，因此此处应用has been on。应填has been on。 40．—________ did your uncle leave for Beijing? —Let me see. He ________ for nearly 2 months. A．When; has left B．How long; has been away C．How long; has left D．When; has been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你叔叔是什么时候动身去北京的？——让我想想。他已经离开将近两个月了。 When什么时候；How long多久；has left已经离开（短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用）；has been away已经离开（延续性动词，可以与一段时间连用）。根据答句“for nearly 2 months”可知，问句是在询问一个时间点，即叔叔什么时候动身去北京的，所以第一个空应填When；同时，由于“for nearly 2 months”表示一段时间，所以答句中的动词应该用延续性动词，即“has been away”。 10 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 11 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $