Unit 2 Getting along核心知识点（背诵版+默写版）2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了“人际交往”主题的核心知识体系。从核心词汇（如友谊、信任等名词及沟通、道歉等动词）出发，延伸至情境短语（如“与……相处”“向……道歉”），再到实用句型（如处理争执、表达情感的句式），最终以现在完成时（for/since用法）和情态动词（should/shouldn’t）为语法支撑，构建完整学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇积累-短语应用-句型表达-语法深化”逻辑清晰呈现，默写形式强化语言能力的基础积累。语法部分通过对比for与since用法、梳理短暂动词转换规则提升思维品质，清单式设计便于学生自主梳理知识，助力学习能力培养，适配单元主题的实际语言运用需求。

Unit 2 Getting along 单元核心知识（背诵版） 一、核心词汇 1. friendship n. 友谊 2. relationship n. 关系 3. trust n./v. 信任 4. respect n./v. 尊重 5. support n./v. 支持 6. lonely adj. 孤独的 7. generous adj. 慷慨的 8. selfish adj. 自私的 9. patient adj. 耐心的 10. cheerful adj. 开朗的 11. ashamed adj. 感到羞愧的 12. communicate v. 沟通 13. apologize v. 道歉 14. forgive v. 原谅 15. argue v. 争论，争吵 16. offer v. 提供 17. allow v. 允许 18. attend v. 参加 19. divide v. 分开，分隔 20. return v. 返回，回来 21. neighbour n. 邻居 22. relative n. 亲戚 23. narrow adj. 狭窄的 24. priceless adj. 无价的 25. recently adv. 最近 26. perhaps adv. 也许​ 27. since prep./conj. 自从 28. whenever conj. 每当 29. deeply adv. 深深地 30. giant n./adj. 巨人；巨大的 二、核心短语 1. get along with 与……相处 2. get along well with 与……相处融洽 3. make friends 交朋友 4. keep in touch 保持联系 5. have a quarrel 吵架 6. argue over 因……争吵 7. feel left out 感到被冷落 8. be honest with 对……诚实 9. care about 关心 10. be afraid of 害怕…… 11. be ashamed of 对……感到羞愧 12. feel lonely 感到孤独 13. say sorry to 向……道歉 14. forgive each other 互相原谅 15. work things out 解决问题 16. give up 放弃 17. divide...into... 把……分成…… 18. here and there 到处 19. for a while 一会儿 20. since then 自从那时起 21. in return 作为回报 22. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事 23. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事 24. keep in mind 把……记在心里 25. ask for advice 寻求建议 26. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 三、重点句型 1. Do you get along well with your classmates? 你和同学相处得好吗？ 2. How do you deal with arguments? 你如何处理争执？ 3. I feel lonely when no one talks to me. 当没人和我说话时，我感到孤独。 4. You should apologize if you are wrong. 如果你错了，应该道歉。 5. She is always generous to others. 她总是对别人很慷慨。 6. He never shares his things with friends. 他从不和朋友分享他的东西。 7. I want to apologize to you for what I said. 我想为我说的话向你道歉。 8. She hopes to make more friends at school. 她希望在学校交更多朋友。 9. He has lived here for three years. 他住在这里已经三年了。 10. She has worked here since 2020. 她从2020年就在这里工作了。 11. I have been happy since I met you. 自从遇见你，我很开心。 12. They have known each other since they were children. 他们从小就认识了。 13. It’s important to trust and respect each other. 信任和尊重彼此很重要。 14. She encouraged me to never give up. 她鼓励我永不放弃。 15. A true friend can help you work things out when you’re in trouble. 真正的朋友会在你困难时帮你解决问题。 16. Why not say sorry to him and make up? 为什么不向他道歉和好呢？ 四、核心语法 现在完成时（for/since）与情态动词 一、现在完成时中 for 和 since 的用法 结构：have/has + 过去分词 1. for + 一段时间（表示持续了多久） He has lived here for three years. / I have studied English for five years. 2. since + 时间点/从句（表示从什么时候开始） She has worked here since 2020. / I have been happy since I met you. 注意：短暂动词（如 die, leave, buy, join 等）在现在完成时中与 for/since 连用时，需换成延续性动词： die → be dead / leave → be away / buy → have / join → be in / marry → be married 用 How long 提问： How long have you lived here? — For five years. 二、情态动词 should / shouldn’t should + 动词原形：表示“应该”（建议） You should talk to your friend. / We should respect each other. shouldn’t + 动词原形：表示“不应该” You shouldn’t ignore others. / You shouldn’t be selfish. 三、现在完成时的其他用法 1. have gone to / have been to / have been in（区别） • have gone to→去了（人不在这里） • have been to→去过（人已回来） • have been in→待在某地（住了多久） He has gone to Beijing. / I have been to Shanghai twice. She has been in this city for ten years. 2. 表示经历/经验： Have you ever been to the UK? / I have never seen such a beautiful view. 四、常见短语复习 • encourage sb. to do sth. / ask sb. to do sth. / tell sb. to do sth. • I asked him to help me. / My mother told me not to go out alone at night. 词法点 结构 用法 例句 for + 时间段 for + 一段时间 持续了多久 I have lived here for 3 years. since + 时间点 since + 具体时间 从什么时候开始 She has worked here since 2020. since + 从句 since + 一般过去时从句 自从……以来 I have been happy since I met you. How long提问 How long + 现在完成时 问持续时间 How long have you studied English? should should + do 应该 You should talk to her. shouldn’t shouldn’t + do 不应该 You shouldn’t be selfish. 短暂动词换算 die→be dead, leave→be away 与for/since连用 He has been dead for 2 years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 单元核心知识（默写版） 一、核心词汇 1. __________ n. 友谊 2. __________ n. 关系 3. __________ n./v. 信任 4. __________ n./v. 尊重 5. __________ n./v. 支持 6. __________ adj. 孤独的 7. __________ adj. 慷慨的 8. __________ adj. 自私的 9. __________ adj. 耐心的 10. __________ adj. 开朗的 11. __________ adj. 感到羞愧的 12. __________ v. 沟通 13. __________ v. 道歉 14. __________ v. 原谅 15. __________ v. 争论，争吵 16. __________ v. 提供 17. __________ v. 允许 18. __________ v. 参加 19. __________ v. 分开，分隔 20. __________ v. 返回，回来 21. __________ n. 邻居 22. __________ n. 亲戚 23. __________ adj. 狭窄的 24. __________ adj. 无价的 25. __________ adv. 最近 26. __________ adv. 也许​ 27. __________ prep./conj. 自从 28. __________ conj. 每当 29. __________ adv. 深深地 30. __________ n./adj. 巨人；巨大的 二、核心短语 1. __________ 与……相处 2. __________ 与……相处融洽 3. __________ 交朋友 4. __________ 保持联系 5. __________ 吵架 6. __________ 因……争吵 7. __________ 感到被冷落 8. __________ 对……诚实 9. __________ 关心 10. __________ 害怕…… 11. __________ 对……感到羞愧 12. __________ 感到孤独 13. __________ 向……道歉 14. __________ 互相原谅 15. __________ 解决问题 16. __________ 放弃 17. __________ 把……分成…… 18. __________ 到处 19. __________ 一会儿 20. __________ 自从那时起 21. __________ 作为回报 22. __________ 鼓励某人做某事 23. __________ 为什么不做某事 24. __________ 把……记在心里 25. __________ 寻求建议 26. __________ 决定做某事 三、重点句型 1. _____________________________________________________ 你和同学相处得好吗？ 2. _____________________________________________________ 你如何处理争执？ 3. _____________________________________________________ 当没人和我说话时，我感到孤独。 4. _____________________________________________________ 如果你错了，应该道歉。 5. _____________________________________________________ 她总是对别人很慷慨。 6. _____________________________________________________ 他从不和朋友分享他的东西。 7. _____________________________________________________ 我想为我说的话向你道歉。 8. _____________________________________________________ 她希望在学校交更多朋友。 9. _____________________________________________________ 他住在这里已经三年了。 10. _____________________________________________________ 她从2020年就在这里工作了。 11. _____________________________________________________ 自从遇见你，我很开心。 12. _____________________________________________________ 他们从小就认识了。 13. _____________________________________________________ 信任和尊重彼此很重要。 14. _____________________________________________________ 她鼓励我永不放弃。 15. _____________________________________________________ 真正的朋友会在你困难时帮你解决问题。 16. _____________________________________________________ 为什么不向他道歉和好呢？ 四、核心语法 现在完成时（for/since）与情态动词 一、现在完成时中 for 和 since 的用法 结构：have/has + 过去分词 1. for + 一段时间（表示持续了多久） He has lived here for three years. / I have studied English for five years. 2. since + 时间点/从句（表示从什么时候开始） She has worked here since 2020. / I have been happy since I met you. 注意：短暂动词（如 die, leave, buy, join 等）在现在完成时中与 for/since 连用时，需换成延续性动词： die → be dead / leave → be away / buy → have / join → be in / marry → be married 用 How long 提问： How long have you lived here? — For five years. 二、情态动词 should / shouldn’t should + 动词原形：表示“应该”（建议） You should talk to your friend. / We should respect each other. shouldn’t + 动词原形：表示“不应该” You shouldn’t ignore others. / You shouldn’t be selfish. 三、现在完成时的其他用法 1. have gone to / have been to / have been in（区别） • have gone to→去了（人不在这里） • have been to→去过（人已回来） • have been in→待在某地（住了多久） He has gone to Beijing. / I have been to Shanghai twice. She has been in this city for ten years. 2. 表示经历/经验： Have you ever been to the UK? / I have never seen such a beautiful view. 四、常见短语复习 • encourage sb. to do sth. / ask sb. to do sth. / tell sb. to do sth. • I asked him to help me. / My mother told me not to go out alone at night. 词法点 结构 用法 例句 for + 时间段 for + 一段时间 持续了多久 I have lived here for 3 years. since + 时间点 since + 具体时间 从什么时候开始 She has worked here since 2020. since + 从句 since + 一般过去时从句 自从……以来 I have been happy since I met you. How long提问 How long + 现在完成时 问持续时间 How long have you studied English? should should + do 应该 You should talk to her. shouldn’t shouldn’t + do 不应该 You shouldn’t be selfish. 短暂动词换算 die→be dead, leave→be away 与for/since连用 He has been dead for 2 years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $