Unit 4 Space exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语 人教版必修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦Book3 Unit 4“太空探索”主题，核心讲解不定式作状语和定语的用法，通过Neil Armstrong名言及单元主题例句导入，以“读例句悟语法”搭建从感知到分析的学习支架，衔接主题语境与语法知识。 其亮点在于依托太空探索主题整合语法，例句真实且关联单元内容，即学即练与分层练习结合，培养语言能力。语法分析分点清晰，点拨强调细节（如不定式作定语时不及物动词需加介词），提升思维品质。助力学生在主题中理解语法，教师可高效开展教学。

Book3 Unit 4 Space Exploration Grammar: Infinitives as adverbial and the attribute Teaching aims 1. Learn about the concept of infinitives. 2. Learn and try using infinitives as the adverbial. 3. Learn and try using infinitives as the attribute. 读例句，悟语法 ①　To become an astronaut in China, you have to have 1, 350 hours of flying experience. ②　...on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. ③　Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. ④　Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. ⑤　However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. ⑥　Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. ⑦　In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.  ⑧　Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 语法分析： 1. 句②⑤⑥为动词不定式作定语。其中句②是由the +_____________+名词+to do作定语。而句⑤⑥是放在某些特定名词(如___________, ___________等)之后作后置定语。 2. 句①③④⑦⑧ 中为动词不定式作_________。其中，句①③⑦⑧为不定式作__________状语，其构成可以是________, ________________ 和______________。句④为动词不定式作__________状语。 plan 序数词 desire 状语 to do in order to do so as to do 结果 目的 [语法精讲] 一、理解概念 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，其结构是“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。to do 的完成形式为to have done, 表示该动作发生在谓动词之前。to do 的被动形式为to be done。 动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以带有自己的宾语和状语。 二、语法规则 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等多种成分。 不定式通常在句中作后置定语，即放在被修饰的名词或代词后。它通常有以下几种用法： (1)动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。常用的句型有 Sb. have sth. to do 和 There be sth. to do. 不定式作定语 The boy had some chips and cheese to eat this morning. 今天早上这个男孩只有一些薯片和奶酪可以吃。 There are diverse activities for visitors to experience during the ethnic cultural festival. 在民族文化节期间，游客可以体验丰富多彩的活动。 (2)名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。 Though James was the first person to reach the appointed place, he was the last one to finish the mission. However, he was the only one to do it as required. 尽管詹姆斯是第一个抵达指定地点的人，但他却是最后一个完成任务的人。然而，他是唯一 一位按照要求完成此事的人。 Lily was the most suitable person to take this position. 莉莉是最适合担任这一职位的人选。 (3)抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。 With 3 years of experience, I am sure that I have the ability to draw the diagram well. 有了3年的工作经验，我确信我有能力把图表画好。 Seeing the graffiti on the wall, I really had nothing to say. 看到墙上的涂鸦，我实在无话可说。 (4)当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。 We must select a person to do the job. 我们必须挑一个做这份工作的人。 点拨： 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。 Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。 1) There are only a few dishes ___________(select) in the small restaurant. 2) I have a great deal of housework __________(do) every day. 3) In my opinion, he is the best choice ______________ (perform) the task. 4) His desire _________(join) the army is obvious. 5) In the village, people even have no soap _________(wash) with their towels. 6) In the forest, the old man only had a cottage to live ______. 即学即练： to select / to be selected to do to perform to join to wash in 不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果等，表示原因、结果时一般不置于句首。 The organization raised some money to/in order to/ so as to buy some teaching facilities for the poor village school. 该组织筹集了一笔资金，用于为这座贫困的乡村学校购置教学设施。 In order to keep up with others，the intelligent young man has been working very hard. 为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直在努力学习。 不定式作状语 表示目的 点拨：作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in order或so as，但so as不能位于句首。to do 作目的状语，放在句首时，常常用逗号隔开，而用在句中时，一般不用逗号隔开。 总结：动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： so＋形容词/副词＋as to do如此……以致…… such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do如此……以致…… enough＋名词＋to do / 形容词/副词＋enough＋to do足够…… too＋形容词/副词＋to do太……以致不能…… 不定式作状语 表示结果 The wrestler was so strong as to raise his opponent over his head. 这位摔跤手力量惊人，竟将对手举过头顶。 The astronaut was such a brave person as to walk out of the spacecraft and have a spacewalk.这位宇航员足够勇敢，走出宇宙飞船进行太空行走。 The girl is old enough to do her own things independently. 这个女孩足够大了，可以独立地做自己的事情了。 I failed to pass the exam. As a result, I was too disappointed to force a smile. 我未能通过考试。因此，我失望至极，都不能挤出一丝笑容 。 He hurried to the agency，only to find the manager had left. 他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。 点拨：不定式短语表示结果时，如果与only连用，表示一种意外的结果。区分于现在分词做状语时常常表示从前文推出的意料之中的结果。 The fire lasted for more than a week, causing great damage to the forest. 大火持续了一个多星期，对森林造成了巨大的破坏。 (1)不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 I’m disappointed to hear that we don’t have sufficient money for the project. 听到我们没有足够的资金来完成这个项目，我感到非常失望。 I am proud to know that our country have launched another manned spacecraft into orbit. 我深感自豪的是，我国已再次将载人航天器送入轨道。 不定式作状语 表示原因 (2)“be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中 “be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中，常见的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，light，good，fit，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等。 The procedure is difficult to carry on. 这个步骤不易继续。 I am easy to get along with, so I will be fit for the position. 我容易相处，因此我胜任这个职位。 点拨：不定式用主动形式表被动意义，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，需要加上相应的介词。 1)I am too confused ____________(figure) out the problem. 2)Natural resources are too limited __________ (provide) for the growing population. 3)The teacher was angry __________(find) his pupils were absent from school. 4)Some materials are difficult ____________(recycle). 5)I hurried to the railway station, only ____________ (tell) the train had left. 不定式作状语 即学即练 to be told to figure to provide to find to recycle I. 单句语法填空 1.Doctors worked through the night so as___________ (save)the injured. 2.Her father was delighted__________(know) the news that she succeeded. 3.She has the ability________(keep) calm in an emergency. 4.Practice is the only way __________(learn) a language well. to save to know to keep to learn 4.He opened the door for the children________(come) in. 5.The boy is old enough _____________(take) care of himself. 6.His desire _____________(get) back home was quite obvious. 7. I'm not sure about his ability ______________ (complete) the task alone. to take to get to come to complete 9.________(draw) maps properly, you need a special pen. 10.Would you be so kind as _________(do) me a favour? 11.Susan opened the door slowly, only__________(find) there was no one in the room at all. 12.Susan was too nervous______(say) a word in front of so many people. to say To draw to do to find 13. Who was the first person in the world _________ (climb)to the top of the world's tallest mountain? 14. In his speech, he expressed their determination _________ (achieve) their goals. 15. He was surprised __________ (hear)them offer $10,000, which he gratefully accepted. 16. The air in the mountain is pleasant ___________ (breathe). to breathe to climb to achieve to hear Ⅱ.完成句子 1.Thank you for giving me the chance ____________________________谢谢你给我发言的机会。 2.He is always the first ____________________________________.他总是第一个回答问题。 3.Go in quietly_______________________________.轻点进去，别惊醒了孩子。 so as not to wake the baby up to give a speech here to answer questions 4. She was ____________ walk further. 她累得走不动了。 5. She was very disappointed _________________________________. 没能得到她想要的东西，她感到很失望。 not to have got what she wanted too tired to Thank you. $