Unit 8 Natural disasters 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾害”主题，通过词汇、语法、语篇三层递进训练，系统强化语言知识应用与综合理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇填空|15小题（汉译英、首字母、词形转换）|基础词汇巩固，覆盖名词、动词、副词等|围绕灾害主题构建核心词汇网络，从拼写到词形变化逐步深化| |句型应用|20小题（完成句子、句型转换）|情境化句型表达与结构转换|结合灾害场景训练固定搭配与句式转换，提升语言表达准确性| |语法选择|10小题|考查动词时态、短语辨析等|通过语境化选择题强化语法规则在灾害主题中的应用| |语篇理解|25小题（完形、短文填空）|环保与台风事件语篇|从单句到语篇，培养基于主题的逻辑推理与信息整合能力，渗透文化意识与思维品质|

Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．—Guys, you can get into the park from any of the ________ (大门). —Oh, I am going to go through (穿过) this one because it is closer to me than the other ones. 2．The man says, “￥50 ________ (每) person if you want to go there.” 3．Millie read some books about DIY and ________ (建议) me to attend the lessons. 4．It’s said that the famous comedian and actress Jia Ling has ________ (成功地) lost 50kg for a film role. 5．She spent a small ________ (数额) of money on snacks for the trip. 二、根据首字母提示填空。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．Do you know that t________ are actually ocean waves triggered (引发) by large earthquakes near or under the ocean and sometimes volcanic eruptions? 2．My mom will go shopping for some everyday o________ such as soap in a store. 3．Mr. Li often a_____ me about my problems. And I can usually solve my problems with the help of his advice. 4．The 1998 Changjiang River flood was a terrible natural d________ in China. 5．Floods are huge a________ of water covering an area. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．The disaster ________ (highlight) the importance of safety measures. 2．We must follow the rules to ensure (确保) our ________ (safe) during school activities. 3．The villagers thanked Zhou and _______ (he) team. They said, “You are ________(really) heroes!” 4．I would _______ you to always stay true to yourself. (advice) 5．In today’s science class, there was a small __________ (explode) when the teacher mixed two chemicals to show a reaction. 四、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1．________ ________ ________ ________ earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe? 说到地震，人们应该做什么来保持安全？ 2．多开几扇窗户能降低房间里的温度。 Opening more windows can ________ ________ the temperature in the room. 3．荷兰的风暴潮屏障是抵御沿海洪水的重要防线。   The storm surge barrier in the Netherlands is an important ________ against ________ flooding. 4．地震凸显了一个重要问题——灾害常常引起连锁反应。   The earthquake ________ an important problem — disasters often cause a ________ ________. 5．自 1982 年完工以来，该防潮闸成功防止了多次洪水。 The barrier has successfully ________ many floods since its ________ in 1982. 6．台风通常发生在北太平洋西部。 Typhoons usually ________ in the Western North Pacific. 7．核电站的放射性水可能会对海洋生物产生影响。 Radioactive water from the nuclear power plant may _______________ sea life. 8．次生灾害造成的损害可能比原生灾害更大。 Secondary disasters can _________ more damage than the primary ones. 9．团队合作能提高我们在灾害中的生存几率。 _________ can increase our chances of survival in a disaster. 10．你身边需要坚固的东西来保护自己免受坠落物的伤害。 You need something strong around you to ________ you from falling objects. 五、按要求完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1．I want to be a musician.(对划线提问) ________ ________ you want to be? 2．Music makes me happy. (对划线提问) ________ ________ music ________ you? 3．The woman raised ten thousand yuan to help the poor children. ________ to help the poor children? 4．Wildfires ________ (can, badly hurt) animals, plants, and the environment. 5．It’s wise of you to help others. (同义句) You are wise ________ ________ others. 6．My parents suggest that I should get up early to do sports. My parents _________ me _________ _________ _________ early to do sports. 7．He lent me a book.(同义句) I ________ a book ________ him. 8．They are preparing for the exam.(一般疑问句) ________ they preparing for the exam? 9．Teamwork increases survival chances.   一般疑问句：_________   肯定回答：_________  否定回答：_________ 10．The flood washed away the village. (否定句) The flood ________ ________ away the village. 六、单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1．The guide ________the tourists far away and told them to keep safe on the mountain. A．shouted about B．shouted to C．shouted with D．shouted for 2．The explosion ________ the nuclear power plant in the following days. A．rock B．rocked C．rocks D．will rock 3．Too much rain or overflowing rivers will easily ________ terrible floods. A．cool down B．reach C．lead to D．keep safe 4．Survival = calm + will to survive + ________ of escape. A．knowledge B．idea C．plan D．thought 5．If you meet a flood, you should move to ________ ground and never play or swim in the waters. A．lower B．higher C．bigger D．smaller 6．Derivatives are created by adding affixes to ________ words. A．new B．existing C．long D．short 7．Floods happen when there’s too much rain or when rivers ________. A．overflow B．dry up C．freeze D．disappear 8．The 2011 Japan earthquake caused a tsunami, which ________ the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. A．damaged B．built C．protected D．improved 9．Look at the wet umbrella by the door and the muddy footprints on the floor. Someone ________ just come back from outside, and with that heavy rain an hour ago, it ________ our neighbor Mr. Li, because he always takes a walk after dinner no matter the weather. A．can’t have; may be B．may have; can’t be C．must have; may be D．must have; can’t be 10．To ________, we had a face-to-face talk and shared our real thoughts honestly. A．clear up the misunderstandingB．care about others’ feelings C．make more friends 七、完形填空 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 The earth is our home. We should love and 1 it. But now, our earth is facing many environmental problems, like pollution and global warming. It’s time for us to 2 our world. Everyone can do something helpful. We can start with small things in our daily life. First, we should 3 rubbish. We can’t throw rubbish everywhere. We should put it into the dustbins. We can also 4 waste paper, bottles and plastic. Second, we should save energy. We can turn off the lights and TVs when we 5 the room. We can walk or ride bikes more instead of 6 cars. Third, we should plant more trees. Trees can make the air 7 and stop the wind from blowing the earth away. We should tell more people to protect the environment. If 8 works together, we can make our world more beautiful. Protecting our world is our duty. Let’s take 9 right now. We will have a 10 and healthier home. 1．A．pollute B．protect C．destroy 2．A．save B．break C．forget 3．A．throw B．litter C．sort 4．A．waste B．recycle C．use 5．A．reach B．leave C．enter 6．A．driving B．riding C．taking 7．A．dirty B．clean C．dry 8．A．someone B．anyone C．everyone 9．A．action B．money C．note 10．A．worse B．better C．smaller 八、短文填空 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 On Monday, a very strong typhoon named Bebinca hit Shanghai, stopping much of the city during a national holiday. The storm arrived early in the morning, with strong winds blowing 1 130 kilometers per hour. In some places, the winds were even stronger, reaching 151 kilometers per hour near 2 center of the typhoon. Because 3 this storm, all flights, trains, and highways in Shanghai 4 (stop) running. Popular places, like Shanghai Disney Resort, were closed to keep people 5 (safe). More 6 414, 000 people were moved from their homes to safer locations, such as schools and large buildings 7 they could stay protected from the typhoon. Other areas nearby, like the Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, also made similar 8 (plan) to protect people from the storm. So far, the typhoon 9 (lead) to some power and water problems in different parts of the city. Over the weekend, many people went out to buy food and supplies 10 the storm hit, preparing for possible problems. The strong winds and heavy rain made it difficult 11 (travel), and most people stayed indoors for safety. The storm is going to become weaker as it moves inland. This is the 12 (two) major storm to hit China this month. Earlier in September, another typhoon named Yagi caused damage and deaths in 13 (south) parts of China. Experts say that storms like these are becoming stronger because of climate change and warmer oceans. The 14 (change) make storms like Bebinca and Yagi 15 (powerful) and more dangerous, and they may happen more often in the future. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．—Guys, you can get into the park from any of the ________ (大门). —Oh, I am going to go through (穿过) this one because it is closer to me than the other ones. 【答案】gates 【详解】句意：——兄弟们，你们可以从任意一个大门进入公园。——哦，我打算从这个门进，因为它对我来说比其他的更近。根据“Guys, you can get into the park from any of the...”可知，此处是指可以从任意一个大门进公园，gate大门，any of the + 可数名词复数，故填gates。 2．The man says, “￥50 ________ (每) person if you want to go there.” 【答案】per 【详解】句意：那名男人说：“如果你想去那里，每人50元。”根据汉语提示可知，此空指per“每，每一”， 介词，后接名词。故填per。 3．Millie read some books about DIY and ________ (建议) me to attend the lessons. 【答案】advised 【详解】句意：米莉读了一些关于DIY的书，并建议我参加课程。根据“me to attend the lessons”和所给中文可知，advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，“建议”advise。根据“Millie read some books about DIY and...”可知，句子为一般过去时，and前后为并列结构，故空格处应与read时态一致。故填advised。 4．It’s said that the famous comedian and actress Jia Ling has ________ (成功地) lost 50kg for a film role. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：据说，著名喜剧演员贾玲为了出演一个电影角色成功地减掉了50公斤。successfully“成功地”，副词修饰动词。故填successfully。 5．She spent a small ________ (数额) of money on snacks for the trip. 【答案】amount 【详解】句意：她为这次旅行花了一小笔钱买零食。空格处需要填入一个名词，中文提示词为“数额”，且语境是描述花钱的数量。固定搭配“a small amount of”专门用于修饰不可数名词，表示“少量的、一小笔”，故填amount。 二、根据首字母提示填空。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．Do you know that t________ are actually ocean waves triggered (引发) by large earthquakes near or under the ocean and sometimes volcanic eruptions? 【答案】(t)sunamis 【详解】句意：你知道海啸实际上是由海洋附近或海底的大地震，有时是火山爆发引发的海浪吗？根据“... are actually...”可知，此处需要填入一个名词作主语，且与“ocean waves”形成同位关系，tsunami海啸，符合语意。由于are是复数形式，主语需用复数。故填(t)sunamis。 2．My mom will go shopping for some everyday o________ such as soap in a store. 【答案】(o)bjects 【详解】句意：我妈妈会去商店买一些日常用品，比如肥皂。根据“everyday”及“such as soap”，再结合首字母可知，此处应为日常用品，即everyday object，object为可数名词，需用复数，故填(o)bjects。 3．Mr. Li often a_____ me about my problems. And I can usually solve my problems with the help of his advice. 【答案】(a)dvises 【详解】句意：李先生经常对我的问题提出建议。我通常可以在他的建议的帮助下解决我的问题。根据“with the help of his advice.”和首字母a，可知，此处表示他给我建议。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语，因此用动词，advise“建议”，是动词，主语Mr. Li是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填(a)dvises。 4．The 1998 Changjiang River flood was a terrible natural d________ in China. 【答案】disaster/isaster 【详解】句意：1998年的长江洪水是中国一场可怕的自然灾害。句中“a terrible natural”后应填名词，首字母为“d”，表示“灾害”的常见名词为“disaster”，故填disaster。 5．Floods are huge a________ of water covering an area. 【答案】amounts/mounts 【详解】句意：洪水是覆盖一片区域的大量积水。固定搭配：amounts of+不可数名词，表示“大量的……”主语Floods是复数，使用量词复数amounts，符合首字母。 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．The disaster ________ (highlight) the importance of safety measures. 【答案】highlighted 【详解】句意：这场灾难凸显了安全措施的重要性。根据句意可知，灾难已经发生并产生影响，所以描述的是过去发生的事件，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应使用过去式highlighted。 2．We must follow the rules to ensure (确保) our ________ (safe) during school activities. 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：在学校活动期间，我们必须遵守规则以确保自身安全。由 “ensure (确保) our...” 及括号内提示词可知，此处表达确保安全。safe为形容词，意为“安全的”。本空需填入名词作宾语，其名词形式为safety，表示“安全”。 3．The villagers thanked Zhou and _______ (he) team. They said, “You are ________(really) heroes!” 【答案】 his real 【详解】句意：村民感谢周和他的队伍。他们说“你们是真正的英雄。”第一空：根据提示词和“team”可知，此处表示他的队伍，需要使用形容词性物主代词修饰。he的形容词性物主代词为“his”；第二空：根据提示词及“heroes”可知，heroes为名词，此处需要形容词修饰，作定语。really的形容词为real。故填his；real。 4．I would _______ you to always stay true to yourself. (advice) 【答案】advise 【详解】句意：我建议你永远忠于自己。would后接动词原形advise“建议”，故填advise。 5．In today’s science class, there was a small __________ (explode) when the teacher mixed two chemicals to show a reaction. 【答案】explosion 【详解】句意：在今天的科学课上，当老师混合两种化学物质来展示反应时，发生了一次小爆炸。冠词a后跟名词单数形式；explode的名词形式为explosion，意为“爆炸”。故填explosion。 四、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1．________ ________ ________ ________ earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe? 说到地震，人们应该做什么来保持安全？ 【答案】 When it comes to 【详解】原句中“说到”是关键词，表示“说到”的固定短语是When it comes to，句首单词首字母大写。 2．多开几扇窗户能降低房间里的温度。 Opening more windows can ________ ________ the temperature in the room. 【答案】 bring down 【详解】句中缺少对应“降低”的动词短语，情态动词can后接动词原形；“降低”常用的短语为bring down，意为“使……下降”，常搭配价格、温度等；两者均符合语境和语法要求。 3．荷兰的风暴潮屏障是抵御沿海洪水的重要防线。   The storm surge barrier in the Netherlands is an important ________ against ________ flooding. 【答案】 defense/defence coastal 【详解】原句中“防线”和“沿海”是关键词，表示“防线”的单词是defense/defence，an important defense/defence“重要防线”；“沿海洪水”对应coastal flooding，其中coastal“沿海的、海岸的”，形容词作定语。 4．地震凸显了一个重要问题——灾害常常引起连锁反应。   The earthquake ________ an important problem — disasters often cause a ________ ________. 【答案】 highlighted chain reaction 【详解】原句中“凸显了”和“连锁反应”是关键词，表示“凸显”的单词是highlight，其过去式直接加ed即可，表示“连锁反应”的短语是chain reaction。故填highlighted；chain；reaction。 5．自 1982 年完工以来，该防潮闸成功防止了多次洪水。 The barrier has successfully ________ many floods since its ________ in 1982. 【答案】 prevented completion 【详解】原句中“防止”、“完工”是关键词。根据句子结构第一空格需要一个动词，且前面有has，构成现在完成时“has+过去分词”的结构，意为“防止”，其过去分词是prevented，所以填prevented。its是形容词物主代词，后面接名词，completion是名词形式，意为“完成，完工”，所以填completion。 6．台风通常发生在北太平洋西部。 Typhoons usually ________ in the Western North Pacific. 【答案】occur 【详解】根据中英对应，这里需要填“发生”的英文动词。“occur”表示“发生”，且句子主语“Typhoons”是复数、时态为一般现在时，用动词原形即可，匹配“台风通常发生在北太平洋西部”的语义，故填occur。 7．核电站的放射性水可能会对海洋生物产生影响。 Radioactive water from the nuclear power plant may _______________ sea life. 【答案】have an impact on/have an influence on 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“对……产生影响”，对应的固定搭配是have an impact on或have an influence on，是动词短语；may为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填have an impact on或have an influence on。 8．次生灾害造成的损害可能比原生灾害更大。 Secondary disasters can _________ more damage than the primary ones. 【答案】cause 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“造成”。cause“造成；引起”，动词。can后接动词原形。故填cause。 9．团队合作能提高我们在灾害中的生存几率。 _________ can increase our chances of survival in a disaster. 【答案】Teamwork 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“团队合作”，teamwork“团队合作”，是不可数名词，句首首字母大写。故填Teamwork。 10．你身边需要坚固的东西来保护自己免受坠落物的伤害。 You need something strong around you to ________ you from falling objects. 【答案】protect 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，此处缺“保护……免受”。“protect”表示“保护”，“protect…from…”是固定搭配表示“保护……免受……”，句子中“to”后接动词原形，匹配“你身边需要坚固的东西来保护自己免受坠落物的伤害”的语义，故填protect。   五、按要求完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1．I want to be a musician.(对划线提问) ________ ________ you want to be? 【答案】 What do 【详解】句意：我想成为一名音乐家。划线部分“a musician”表示职业，对职业提问需用特殊疑问词What置于句首；原句为一般现在时，主语为第一人称“I”，变为疑问句时主语转换为“you”，需借助助动词do构成疑问语序，符合“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他”的结构。 2．Music makes me happy. (对划线提问) ________ ________ music ________ you? 【答案】 How does make 【详解】句意：音乐让我快乐。划线部分happy是表达感受的形容词，提问用疑问词How；原句是一般现在时，主语music是不可数名词，属于第三人称单数，变为特殊疑问句时，需要在主语前加助动词does，原来的谓语动词三单形式makes要还原为原形make。 3．The woman raised ten thousand yuan to help the poor children. ________ to help the poor children? 【答案】How much did the woman raise 【详解】句意：那位女士筹集了一万元来帮助贫困儿童。对“ten thousand yuan”提问，应用疑问词How much（询问不可数名词或金额），后接一般疑问句结构，主语为the woman，谓语raised是实义动词过去式，需借助助动词did构成疑问句，并将raised还原为raise。 4．Wildfires ________ (can, badly hurt) animals, plants, and the environment. 【答案】can badly hurt 【详解】句意：野火会严重伤害动物、植物和环境。根据提示词可知，can是情态动词，后需接动词原形；badly是副词，修饰动词hurt，说明伤害的程度，结合语法规则与词汇搭配，此处应填can badly hurt。 5．It’s wise of you to help others. (同义句) You are wise ________ ________ others. 【答案】 to help 【详解】句意：你帮助别人是明智的。原句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。同义句可转换为“sb be wise to do sth”，形容词wise后接动词不定式作状语。故填to；help。 6．My parents suggest that I should get up early to do sports. My parents _________ me _________ _________ _________ early to do sports. 【答案】 advise to get up 【详解】句意：我父母建议我早起做运动。原句中“suggest that I should…”可以转换为“advise sb. to do sth.”这一结构，意为“建议某人做某事”，句子主语“My parents”为复数形式，时态为一般现在时，动词advise用原形即可，to get up为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填advise；to；get；up。 7．He lent me a book.(同义句) I ________ a book ________ him. 【答案】 borrowed from 【详解】句意：他借给我一本书。原句关键是lend的同义转换，lend sb. sth. 等同于borrow sth. from sb.，原句时态为一般过去时，borrow的过去式是borrowed。 8．They are preparing for the exam.(一般疑问句) ________ they preparing for the exam? 【答案】Are 【详解】句意：他们正在为考试准备。将现在进行时改为一般疑问句，需要把be动词提前，Are符合句意。 9．Teamwork increases survival chances.   一般疑问句：_________   肯定回答：_________  否定回答：_________ 【答案】 Does teamwork increase survival chances? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 【详解】句意：团队合作增加生存机会。原句时态是一般现在时，改为一般疑问句需要借助助动词does，放在句首，首字母大写，谓语动词用原形increase。即Does teamwork increase survival chances? Does引导的一般疑问句，在回答时，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+does.” ，否定回答用“No, 主语+doesn’t.”。这里用it来指代“teamwork（团队合作）” 。所以肯定回答是Yes, it does；否定回答是No, it doesn’t。 10．The flood washed away the village. (否定句) The flood ________ ________ away the village. 【答案】 didn’t wash 【详解】句意：洪水冲走了这个村庄。由实义动词washed的形式可判定此句为一般过去时，含实义动词的句子变否定句，需要在实义动词前加助动词didn’t或did not，动词需要变回原形，因空格为两个，所以空格处写为didn’t；wash。 六、单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1．The guide ________the tourists far away and told them to keep safe on the mountain. A．shouted about B．shouted to C．shouted with D．shouted for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：导游向远处的游客大喊，并告诉他们要在山上注意安全。 shouted about因某事大声叫嚷；shouted to向……大喊；shouted with因……而喊叫；shouted for为……而喊。根据“the tourists far away”可知，游客在远处，导游需要向他们大喊以便他们听到，强调距离和方向。故选B。 2．The explosion ________ the nuclear power plant in the following days. A．rock B．rocked C．rocks D．will rock 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那次爆炸在接下来的几天里震动了核电站。 根据时间状语“in the following days”可知，用一般过去时，rock的过去式为rocked。 3．Too much rain or overflowing rivers will easily ________ terrible floods. A．cool down B．reach C．lead to D．keep safe 【答案】C 【详解】句意：太多的雨水或河流泛滥很容易导致可怕的洪水。 cool down冷却；reach达到；lead to导致；keep safe保持安全。根据“Too much rain or overflowing rivers”与“terrible floods”可知，前者是后者的成因，前后为因果关系，lead to符合语境。 4．Survival = calm + will to survive + ________ of escape. A．knowledge B．idea C．plan D．thought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：生存 = 冷静 + 求生意志 + 逃生知识。 knowledge知识；idea想法；plan计划；thought想法/思考。根据常识可知，空格处应为具备可操作性的实用因素，在生存公式中，除了冷静和求生意志，还需要具体的逃生“知识”才能成功，knowledge符合语境。 5．If you meet a flood, you should move to ________ ground and never play or swim in the waters. A．lower B．higher C．bigger D．smaller 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你遇到洪水，你应该移动到更高的地面，并且永远不要在水中玩耍或游泳。 lower更低的；higher更高的；bigger更大的；smaller更小的。根据“If you meet a flood”可知，遇到洪水时水位上涨，为了安全应往高处转移，应填higher。 6．Derivatives are created by adding affixes to ________ words. A．new B．existing C．long D．short 【答案】B 【详解】句意：派生词是通过给已有的单词添加词缀构成的。 new新的；existing现有的、已存在的；long长的；short短的。根据派生词的构词规则，派生词是在已存在的基础单词上添加前缀或后缀构成的，因此应填existing。 7．Floods happen when there’s too much rain or when rivers ________. A．overflow B．dry up C．freeze D．disappear 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当雨太多或者河流泛滥时，洪水就会发生。 overflow溢出，泛滥；dry up干涸；freeze结冰；disappear消失。根据“Floods happen”及“too much rain”可知，洪水发生是因为雨水过多或河水泛滥。应填overflow。 8．The 2011 Japan earthquake caused a tsunami, which ________ the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. A．damaged B．built C．protected D．improved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：2011年日本地震引发海啸，海啸损坏了福岛第一核电站。 根据常识，地震和海啸对核电站造成破坏。排除B、C、D：built意为“建造”，与灾难事实矛盾；protected意为“保护”，与语境相反；improved意为“改善”，不合逻辑。damaged意为“损坏”，符合句意。 9．Look at the wet umbrella by the door and the muddy footprints on the floor. Someone ________ just come back from outside, and with that heavy rain an hour ago, it ________ our neighbor Mr. Li, because he always takes a walk after dinner no matter the weather. A．can’t have; may be B．may have; can’t be C．must have; may be D．must have; can’t be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看看门边湿漉漉的雨伞和地板上的泥脚印。有人一定刚从外面回来，考虑到一小时前的大雨，这可能是我们的邻居李先生，因为他无论天气如何总是在晚饭后散步。 根据“wet umbrella”和“muddy footprints”可知证据确凿，第一空表示肯定推测，应用must have；第二空根据邻居的习惯进行推断，表示可能性，排除表示不可能的can’t be，故用may be。 10．To ________, we had a face-to-face talk and shared our real thoughts honestly. A．clear up the misunderstandingB．care about others’ feelings C．make more friends 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了消除误会，我们面对面交谈并诚实地分享了真实的想法。 clear up the misunderstanding消除误会/澄清误解；care about others’ feelings关心他人的感受；make more friends交更多朋友。根据后半句“we had a face-to-face talk and shared our real thoughts honestly”可知，双方通过面对面诚实交流来解决潜在问题。结合语境，真诚沟通通常是为了消除隔阂或误会。 七、完形填空 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 The earth is our home. We should love and 1 it. But now, our earth is facing many environmental problems, like pollution and global warming. It’s time for us to 2 our world. Everyone can do something helpful. We can start with small things in our daily life. First, we should 3 rubbish. We can’t throw rubbish everywhere. We should put it into the dustbins. We can also 4 waste paper, bottles and plastic. Second, we should save energy. We can turn off the lights and TVs when we 5 the room. We can walk or ride bikes more instead of 6 cars. Third, we should plant more trees. Trees can make the air 7 and stop the wind from blowing the earth away. We should tell more people to protect the environment. If 8 works together, we can make our world more beautiful. Protecting our world is our duty. Let’s take 9 right now. We will have a 10 and healthier home. 1．A．pollute B．protect C．destroy 2．A．save B．break C．forget 3．A．throw B．litter C．sort 4．A．waste B．recycle C．use 5．A．reach B．leave C．enter 6．A．driving B．riding C．taking 7．A．dirty B．clean C．dry 8．A．someone B．anyone C．everyone 9．A．action B．money C．note 10．A．worse B．better C．smaller 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文围绕环境保护展开，介绍了地球面临的环境问题，并给出了日常生活中保护地球的具体做法，呼吁大家共同行动起来。 1．句意：地球是我们的家园，我们应该热爱并保护它。 后文提到地球面临环境问题，此处应表达“保护”地球的含义，protect符合语境；pollute（污染）、destroy（破坏）与文意相反。 2．句意：是时候拯救我们的世界了。 文章主题是环保，此处应表达“拯救、保护”的含义，save our world是固定搭配，意为“拯救我们的世界”；break（破坏）、forget（忘记）不符合语境。 3．句意：首先，我们应该对垃圾进行分类。 后文提到“不能乱扔垃圾，要扔进垃圾桶”，结合环保常识，此处应是“分类垃圾”，sort rubbish意为“垃圾分类”；throw（扔）、litter（乱扔）与环保要求不符。 4．句意：我们也可以回收利用废纸、瓶子和塑料。 根据环保常识，废纸、瓶子和塑料可以回收利用，recycle意为“回收利用”；waste（浪费）、use（使用）不符合语境。 5．句意：当我们离开房间时，可以关掉灯和电视。 节约能源的做法是离开房间时关灯关电视，leave the room意为“离开房间”；reach（到达）、enter（进入）不符合逻辑。 6．句意：我们可以多走路或骑自行车，而不是开车。 固定搭配instead of doing sth.意为“而不是做某事”，结合上下文，此处指“开车”，即drive cars，因此用driving；riding（骑）、taking（乘坐）不符合语境。 7．句意：树木可以让空气变得清新，还能防风固土。 根据常识，树木能净化空气，让空气变得“干净、清新”，clean符合语境；dirty（脏的）、dry（干燥的）与文意相反。 8．句意：如果每个人都一起努力，我们可以让世界变得更美丽。 此处指“每个人”都行动起来，everyone意为“每个人”；someone（某人）、anyone（任何人，常用于否定 / 疑问句）不符合语境。 9．句意：让我们现在就采取行动。 固定搭配take action意为“采取行动”，符合环保倡议的语境；money（钱）、note（笔记）不符合搭配。 10．句意：我们将拥有一个更美好、更健康的家园。 采取环保行动后，家园会变得“更好”，与healthier并列，用 better；worse（更差）、smaller（更小）不符合语境。 八、短文填空 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 On Monday, a very strong typhoon named Bebinca hit Shanghai, stopping much of the city during a national holiday. The storm arrived early in the morning, with strong winds blowing 1 130 kilometers per hour. In some places, the winds were even stronger, reaching 151 kilometers per hour near 2 center of the typhoon. Because 3 this storm, all flights, trains, and highways in Shanghai 4 (stop) running. Popular places, like Shanghai Disney Resort, were closed to keep people 5 (safe). More 6 414, 000 people were moved from their homes to safer locations, such as schools and large buildings 7 they could stay protected from the typhoon. Other areas nearby, like the Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, also made similar 8 (plan) to protect people from the storm. So far, the typhoon 9 (lead) to some power and water problems in different parts of the city. Over the weekend, many people went out to buy food and supplies 10 the storm hit, preparing for possible problems. The strong winds and heavy rain made it difficult 11 (travel), and most people stayed indoors for safety. The storm is going to become weaker as it moves inland. This is the 12 (two) major storm to hit China this month. Earlier in September, another typhoon named Yagi caused damage and deaths in 13 (south) parts of China. Experts say that storms like these are becoming stronger because of climate change and warmer oceans. The 14 (change) make storms like Bebinca and Yagi 15 (powerful) and more dangerous, and they may happen more often in the future. 【答案】 1．at 2．the 3．of 4．stopped 5．safe 6．than 7．where 8．plans 9．has led 10．before 11．to travel 12．second 13．southern 14．changes 15．more powerful 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍台风“贝碧嘉”袭击上海，导致交通停运、人员疏散，并分析气候变化使台风更强更频繁。 【详解】1．句意：风暴清晨抵达，强风以每小时130公里的速度吹刮。风暴应该是以每小时130公里的速度吹刮，“at+速度”表示“以……的速度”，固定搭配。 2．句意：在台风中心附近，风力更强，达到每小时151公里。“center of the typhoon”中的“center”特指该台风中心，故用定冠词the。 3．句意：由于这场风暴，上海所有航班、火车和高速公路都停止运行。“Because of”为固定短语，后接名词或代词，意为“因为”。 4．句意：所有航班、火车和高速公路都停止运行。描述过去发生的事实，谓语动词用一般过去时stopped。 5．句意：热门场所如上海迪士尼度假区关闭以保障人们的安全。“keep sb.+形容词”意为“保持某人……”，为固定搭配，形容词作宾语补足语，safe用原级。 6．句意：超过41.4万人被转移至更安全的地点。应为超过41.4万人，“more than”为固定搭配，意为“超过”。 7．句意：人们被转移到学校等大型建筑内，在那里可以免受台风侵袭。定语从句修饰“large buildings”，从句缺地点状语，用关系副词where。 8．句意：浙江、江苏等邻近地区也制定了类似计划来保护民众。多地制定了类似计划，不止一个计划，用可数名词复数plans，表示多个计划。 9．句意：截至目前，台风已导致该市不同地区出现水电问题。“So far”提示用现在完成时，主语“the typhoon”为单数，故填has led。 10．句意：周末，许多人在台风来临前外出购买食物和物资。应该是在台风来临前外出购买食物和物资，主句动作发生在台风“到来之前”，用before。 11．句意：强风暴雨使出行变得困难。“make it+形容词+to do sth.”为固定句型，it为形式宾语，真正宾语为to travel。 12．句意：这是本月袭击中国的第二场强台风。应该是第二场强台风，定冠词“the”后接序数词second，表示“第二场”。 13．句意：九月初，另一场台风“摩羯”在中国南部地区造成破坏和死亡。“southern parts”意为“南部地区”，用形容词southern修饰名词part。 14．句意：这些变化使贝碧嘉和摩羯这样的台风更强、更危险。前文提到气候变化和海洋变暖，为多个变化，故用复数changes。 15．句意：这些变化使台风更加强大、更加危险。“and”连接平行结构，“more dangerous”提示前面也用比较级more powerful。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $